text: Research has shown that Americans are aware of climate change, but do not consider it to be a serious problem due to the lack of an affective response. Many people report as not having experienced the consequences of climate change or that it is a long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future. Therefore, it is considered to be of lower priority and not much is done as a solution to global climate change. Nonetheless, recent research has highlighted the important role of affect in guiding public risk perceptions of climate change.

text: Research has shown that Americans are aware of climate change, but do not consider it to be a serious problem due to the lack of an affective response. Many people report as not having experienced the consequences of climate change or that it is a long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future. Therefore, it is considered to be of lower priority and not much is done as a solution to global climate change. Nonetheless, recent research has highlighted the important role of affect in guiding public risk perceptions of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: affective response

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-term consequence

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a long-term consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the lack of an affective response mean?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a serious problem

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What does the lack of an affective response mean?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term consequence

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answer_match: lowercase, stopped, stemmed, removed trailing period, fuzz > 0.8 / true-false special handling

orig_prompt_class: QuestionPromptWithChoices

prompt_style: context: question:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: affective response.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: affective response.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Americans are aware of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: long-term consequence that will not happen in the near future.

answer_match: lowercase, stemmed, fuzz > 0.8

text: In order to constitute the Holocene as an extinction event, scientists must determine exactly when anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions began to measurably alter natural atmospheric levels at a global scale and when these alterations caused changes to global climate. Employing chemical proxies from Antarctic ice cores, researchers have estimated the fluctuations of carbon dioxide (C02) and methane gases (CH4) in the earth’s atmosphere for the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Based on these studies, general argumentation of when the peak of the Anthropocene occurred pertains to the timeframe within the previous two centuries; typically beginning with the Industrial Revolution, when greenhouse gas levels were recorded by contemporary methods at its highest.  However, scientists that are employing a variance of archaeological and paleoecological data argue that the processes contributing to substantial human modification of the environment spanned many thousands of years ago on a global scale and thus, not originating as early as the Industrial Revolution. Gaining popularity on his uncommon hypothesis, Palaeoclimatologist William Ruddiman in 2003, stipulated that in the early Holocene 11,000 years ago, atmospheric carbon dioxide  and methane levels has fluctuated at a different pattern than the Pleistocene epoch before it. He argued that the patterns of the significant decline of CO2 levels during the last ice age of the Pleistocene inversely correlates to the Holocene where there has been dramatic increases of CO2 around 8000 years ago and CH4 levels 3000 years after that. The correlation between the downfall of CO2 in the Pleistocene and the uprising of it during the Holocene implies that the causation of this spark of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are due to the growth of human agriculture during the Holocene such as the anthropogenic expansion of land and irrigation.

text: In order to constitute the

entity_name: Holocene

text: Holocene

text: as an

entity_name: Extinction event

text: extinction event

text: , scientists must determine exactly when anthropogenic

entity_name: Greenhouse gas

text: greenhouse gas emissions

text: began to measurably alter natural atmospheric levels at a global scale and when these alterations caused changes to global climate. Employing chemical proxies from Antarctic ice cores, researchers have estimated the fluctuations of

entity_name: Carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

text: (C02) and

entity_name: Methane

text: methane gases

text: (CH4) in the earth’s atmosphere for the

entity_name: Late Pleistocene

text: late Pleistocene

text: and Holocene epochs. Based on these studies, general argumentation of when the peak of the Anthropocene occurred pertains to the timeframe within the previous two centuries; typically beginning with the

entity_name: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution

text: , when greenhouse gas levels were recorded by contemporary methods at its highest.  However, scientists that are employing a variance of

entity_name: Archaeology

text: archaeological

text: and paleoecological data argue that the processes contributing to substantial human modification of the environment spanned many thousands of years ago on a global scale and thus, not originating as early as the

text: Industrial Revolution

text: . Gaining popularity on his uncommon hypothesis, Palaeoclimatologist

entity_name: William Ruddiman

text: William Ruddiman

text: in 2003, stipulated that in the early Holocene 11,000 years ago, atmospheric carbon dioxide  and methane levels has fluctuated at a different pattern than the

entity_name: Pleistocene

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch before it. He argued that the patterns of the significant decline of CO2 levels during the last ice age of the Pleistocene inversely correlates to the Holocene where there has been dramatic increases of CO2 around 8000 years ago and CH4 levels 3000 years after that. The correlation between the downfall of CO2 in the

text: Pleistocene

text: and the uprising of it during the

text: Holocene

text: implies that the causation of this spark of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are due to the growth of

entity_name: Agriculture

text: human agriculture

text: during the Holocene such as the anthropogenic expansion of land and

entity_name: Irrigation

text: irrigation

method: UNH-qee

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Industrial Revolution, when greenhouse gas levels were recorded by contemporary methods at its highest

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 8000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: were recorded by contemporary methods at its highest

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (C02), methane gases (CH4), or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions began to measurably alter natural atmospheric levels

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the epoch before the Holocene?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes to global climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic ice cores

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years ago was the peak of the Anthropocene?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago was the peak of the Anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: the Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dramatic increases of CO2 around 8000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: growth of human agriculture

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Industrial Revolution.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: inversely correlates to the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: inversely correlates to the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic expansion of land and irrigation.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: inversely correlates to the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: inversely correlates to the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: decline of CO2 levels

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: inversely correlates to the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: growth of human agriculture

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane levels

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene

text: In this article, "climate change" means a change in climate that persists over a sustained period of time. The World Meteorological Organization defines this time period as 30 years. Examples of climate change include increases in global surface temperature (global warming), changes in rainfall patterns, and changes in the frequency of extreme weather events. Changes in climate may be due to natural causes, e.g., changes in the sun's output, or due to human activities, e.g., changing the composition of the atmosphere. Any human-induced changes in climate will occur against a background of natural climatic variations and of variations in human activity such as population growth on shores or in arid areas which increase or decrease climate vulnerability.

text: In this article, "

entity_name: Climate change

text: climate change

text: " means a change in climate that persists over a sustained period of time. The

entity_name: World Meteorological Organization

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: defines this time period as 30 years. Examples of climate change include increases in global surface temperature (global warming), changes in

entity_name: Rain

text: rainfall

text: patterns, and changes in the frequency of

entity_name: Extreme weather

text: extreme weather

text: events. Changes in climate may be due to natural causes, e.g., changes in the

entity_name: Sun

text: sun

text: 's output, or due to human activities, e.g., changing the composition of the atmosphere. Any human-induced changes in climate will occur against a background of natural climatic variations and of variations in human activity such as population growth on shores or in arid areas which increase or decrease climate vulnerability.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: changes in the sun's output

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the main causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a natural cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, changes in rainfall patterns

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in rainfall patterns

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in rainfall patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia is a tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change: increases in global surface temperature (global warming)?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural cause of climate change: changes in the sun's output, or human activities?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect humans?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: natural causes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural climatic variations

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: changes in the sun's output,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30 years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 30 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: changes in the sun's output,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in the sun's output,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in rainfall patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: changes in rainfall patterns, and changes in the frequency of extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increases in global surface temperature (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the sun's output, or due to human activities,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 30 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: population growth

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 30 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in the sun's output,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 30 years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: (global warming),

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increases in global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (global warming),

text: In addition to paleosubspecies of Gallinula chloropus, the doubtfully distinct Late Pliocene to  Pleistocene Gallinula mortierii reperta was described, referring to the population of the Tasmanian nativehen that once inhabited mainland Australia and became extinct at the end of the last ice age. It may be that apart from climate change it was driven to extinction by the introduction of the dingo, which as opposed to the marsupial predators hunted during the day, but this would require a survival of mainland Gallinula mortierii to as late as about 1500 BC.

text: In addition to

entity_name: Chronospecies

text: paleosubspecies

text: of Gallinula chloropus, the doubtfully distinct

entity_name: Piacenzian

text: Late Pliocene

text: to  Pleistocene Gallinula mortierii reperta was described, referring to the population of the

entity_name: Tasmanian nativehen

text: Tasmanian nativehen

text: that once inhabited mainland Australia and became extinct at the end of the

entity_name: Last glacial period

text: last ice age

text: . It may be that apart from

text: climate change

text: it was driven to extinction by the introduction of the

entity_name: Dingo

text: dingo

text: , which as opposed to the

entity_name: Marsupial

text: marsupial

text: predators hunted during the day, but this would require a survival of mainland Gallinula mortierii to as late as about 1500 BC.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it was driven to extinction by the introduction of the dingo

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1500 BC

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term for greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Gallinula mortierii reperta was described

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Gallinula mortierii

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What may be the reason for the extinction of the Tasmanian nativehen?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Australia

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It may be that apart from climate change it was driven to extinction

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It may be that apart from climate change it was driven to extinction

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It may be that apart from climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused Gallinula mortierii to as late as about 1500 BC?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: what is the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The last ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: marsupial predators hunted during the day,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1500 BC.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1500 BC.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: marsupial predators

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change it was driven to extinction by the introduction of the dingo,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late Pliocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Tasmanian nativehen that once inhabited mainland Australia

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1500 BC.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: There is significant current interest and research focus on the phenomenon of recent anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming. Focus is on identifying the current impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and predicting these effects into the future.

text: There is significant current interest and research focus on the phenomenon of recent

entity_name: Human impact on the environment

text: anthropogenic

text: climate changes, or

entity_name: Global warming

text: global warming

text: . Focus is on identifying the current impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and predicting these effects into the future.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic climate changes do not cause global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon of recent anthropogenic climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is an example of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: biodiversity, and predicting these effects into the future.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: recent anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: recent anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: predicting these effects into the future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: recent anthropogenic climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic climate changes, or global warming.

text: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming. The effect of rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere on global climate is a warming effect on the planet. By modifying the albedo of the Earth's surface, or by preventing sunlight reaching the Earth by using a solar shade, this warming effect can be cancelled out—although the cancellation is imperfect, with regional discrepancies remaining.

text: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce

text: global warming

text: . The effect of rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere on

entity_name: Climate

text: global climate

text: is a warming effect on the planet. By modifying the albedo of the Earth's surface, or by preventing sunlight reaching the Earth by using a

entity_name: Space sunshade

text: solar shade

text: , this warming effect can be cancelled out—although the cancellation is imperfect, with regional discrepancies remaining.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate engineering projects have been proposed to reduce global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the effect of rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate engineering projects have been proposed to reduce

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate engineering projects

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate engineering projects?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for climate engineering projects to be proposed?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a negative effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate engineering projects

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: regional discrepancies

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sunlight reaching the Earth by using a solar shade,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: regional discrepancies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: regional discrepancies

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The effect of rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: regional discrepancies

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar shade,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: preventing sunlight reaching the Earth by using a solar shade,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: rising greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming effect on the planet. By modifying the albedo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: regional discrepancies

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate engineering projects have been proposed in order to reduce global warming.

text: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene era, the earth's climate was gradually cooling and this would lead to the glaciations of the Pliocene and the Pleistocene (the Ice Age). In many areas the forests and savannahs were being replaced with steppe or grasslands and only those creatures that could adapt would survive. On opposite sides of the planet, two very different lineages would adapt to these changes and their evolution would produce two species that would become the most widely distributed of mammals. In southern North America, small woodland foxes were growing bigger and becoming more adapted to running, and by the late Miocene the first of the genus Canis had arisen, the ancestors of coyotes, wolves and the domestic dog. In eastern Africa, a split was occurring among the large primates. Some would remain in the trees, while others would move out of the trees, learn to walk upright, develop enlarged brains, and learn to avoid predators while becoming a predator themselves in the more open country. The two lineages would ultimately meet on the Eurasian continent. "They were individual animals and people involved, from our perspective, in a biological and cultural process that involved linking not only their lives but the evolutionary fate of their heirs in ways, we must assume, they could never have imagined."

text: Six million years ago at the close of the

entity_name: Miocene

text: Miocene

text: era, the earth's climate was gradually cooling and this would lead to the glaciations of the

entity_name: Pliocene

text: Pliocene

text: and the

text: Pleistocene

text: (the Ice Age). In many areas the forests and savannahs were being replaced with steppe or grasslands and only those creatures that could adapt would survive. On opposite sides of the planet, two very different lineages would adapt to these changes and their evolution would produce two species that would become the most widely distributed of mammals. In southern North America, small woodland foxes were growing bigger and becoming more adapted to running, and by the late Miocene the first of the genus Canis had arisen, the ancestors of coyotes, wolves and the domestic dog. In eastern Africa, a split was occurring among the large primates. Some would remain in the trees, while others would move out of the trees, learn to walk upright, develop enlarged brains, and learn to avoid predators while becoming a predator themselves in the more open country. The two lineages would ultimately meet on the Eurasian continent. "They were individual animals and people involved, from our perspective, in a biological and cultural process that involved linking not only their lives but the evolutionary fate of their heirs in ways, we must assume, they could never have imagined."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a split was occurring among the large primates.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the late Miocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What would lead to the glaciations of the Pliocene?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an ancestor of coyotes, wolves and the domestic dog?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a split among the large primates

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What would lead to the glaciations of the Pliocene?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would lead to the glaciations of the Pliocene?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the reason for the glaciations of the Pliocene?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why would only those creatures that could adapt survive

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: what is the first of the genus Canis

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: they could never have imagined."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Six million years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: they could never have imagined."

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: they could never have imagined."

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: grasslands

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: people

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the earth's climate was gradually cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: only those creatures that could adapt would survive.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pliocene and the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Six million years ago at the close of the Miocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Miocene era,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pliocene and the Pleistocene

text: Suzuki says that despite this growing consensus, many in the public and the media seemed doubtful about the science for many years. The reason for the confusion about climate change, in Suzuki's view, was due to a well organized campaign of disinformation about the science involved. "A very small number of critics" denies that climate change exists and that humans are the cause. These climate change "skeptics" or "deniers", Suzuki claims, tend not to be climate scientists and do not publish in peer-reviewed scientific journals but rather target the media, the general public, and policy makers. Their goal: "delaying action on climate change." According to Suzuki, the skeptics have received significant funding from coal and oil companies, including ExxonMobil. They are linked to "industry-funded lobby groups", such as the Information Council on the Environment (ICE), whose aim is to "reposition global warming as theory (not fact)."

text: Suzuki says that despite this growing consensus, many in the public and the media seemed doubtful about the science for many years. The reason for the confusion about climate change, in Suzuki's view, was due to a well organized campaign of disinformation about the science involved. "A very small number of critics" denies that climate change exists and that humans are the cause. These climate change "skeptics" or "deniers", Suzuki claims, tend not to be climate scientists and do not publish in peer-reviewed scientific journals but rather target the media, the general public, and policy makers. Their goal: "delaying action on climate change." According to Suzuki, the skeptics have received significant funding from coal and oil companies, including

entity_name: ExxonMobil

text: ExxonMobil

text: . They are linked to "industry-funded lobby groups", such as the

entity_name: Information Council on the Environment

text: Information Council on the Environment

text: (ICE), whose aim is to "reposition global warming as theory (not fact)."

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "skeptics" or "deniers" tend not to be climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the information council on the environment do?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the "s" in "skeptics" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ExxonMobil, and the skeptics have received significant funding

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coal and oil companies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a climate change "skeptic" or "deniers": Suzuki, the skeptics, or ExxonMobil?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the ice group?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the reason for the confusion about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the reason for the confusion about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the confusion about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans are the cause.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: humans are the cause.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: coal and oil companies,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: humans are the cause. These climate change "skeptics"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The reason for the confusion about climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: "delaying action on climate change."

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ExxonMobil.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Suzuki says that despite this growing consensus,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "reposition global warming as theory (not fact)."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: growing consensus,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Suzuki says that despite this growing consensus,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: doubtful about the science for many years.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ExxonMobil.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "industry-funded lobby groups",

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "industry-funded lobby groups",

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: coal and oil companies,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: many in the public and the media seemed doubtful about the science

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: many years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: 10:10 was established by the team that produced climate change docudrama The Age of Stupid, and originally focused on helping people and organisations reduce their carbon emissions by 10% in 2010. By uniting people around a simple short term target, 10:10 aimed to demonstrate public commitment to action on climate change, and build pressure for a strong global treaty at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.

text: 10:10 was established by the team that produced climate change

entity_name: Docudrama

text: docudrama

entity_name: The Age of Stupid

text: The Age of Stupid

text: , and originally focused on helping people and organisations reduce their carbon emissions by 10% in 2010. By uniting people around a simple short term target, 10:10 aimed to demonstrate public commitment to action on climate change, and build pressure for a strong global treaty at the

entity_name: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: 2009 UN Climate Change Conference

text: in Copenhagen.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 10:10 aimed to demonstrate public commitment to action on climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the planet with the most sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Age of Stupid was a documentary about

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does 10:10 stand for?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 10% in 2010.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Age of Stupid,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 10:10

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Age of Stupid,

text: Among the causes of algal blooms are chemical wastes, primarily of phosphorus and nitrates from fertilizers, climate change with its resultant global warming and low water levels in inland waterways and lakes which reduces water flow and increases water temperatures. Climate change, according to NOAA scientists, contributes to warmer waters which makes conditions more favorable for algae growth in more regions and farther north. Global warming is also considered a key factor for algal blooms in the Southern hemisphere, acknowledged by scientists in Australia. In general, still, warm, shallow water, combined with high-nutrient conditions in lakes or rivers, increases the risk of harmful algal blooms.

text: Among the causes of algal blooms are chemical wastes, primarily of

entity_name: Phosphorus

text: phosphorus

text: and

entity_name: Nitrate

text: nitrates

text: from fertilizers, climate change with its resultant

text: global warming

text: and low water levels in inland waterways and lakes which reduces water flow and increases water temperatures. Climate change, according to NOAA scientists, contributes to warmer waters which makes conditions more favorable for algae growth in more regions and farther north. Global warming is also considered a key factor for algal blooms in the Southern hemisphere, acknowledged by scientists in Australia. In general, still, warm, shallow water, combined with high-nutrient conditions in lakes or rivers, increases the risk of harmful algal blooms.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: low water levels in inland waterways and lakes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of algal blooms: chemical wastes, phosphorus and nitrates from fertilizers, climate change with its resultant global warming or low water levels in inland waterways and lakes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of algal blooms: chemical wastes, phosphorus and nitrates from fertilizers, climate change with its resultant global warming and low water levels in inland waterways and lakes which reduces water flow and increases water temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change and low water levels in inland waterways and lakes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: chemical wastes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: low water levels in inland waterways

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause algae blooms in the Southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: algal blooms

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of algal blooms?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of algal blooms?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: water flow

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: low water levels

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Among the causes of algal blooms

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Southern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increases water temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: algae growth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: warmer waters

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change with its resultant global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warmer waters

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Among the causes of algal blooms

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: water flow

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increases water temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: Kauri is found growing in its natural ecosystem north of 38°S latitude. Its southern limit stretches from the Kawhia Harbour in the west to the eastern Kaimai Range.However, its distribution has changed greatly over geological time because of climate change. This is shown in the recent Holocene epoch by its migration southwards after the peak of the last ice age. During this time when frozen ice sheets covered much of the world's continents, kauri was able to survive only in isolated pockets, its main refuge being in the very far north. Radiocarbon dating is one technique used by scientists to uncover the history of the tree's distribution, with stump kauri from peat swamps used for measurement. The coldest period in recent times occurred about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, when time kauri was apparently confined north of Kaitaia, near the northernmost point of the North Island, North Cape. Kauri requires a mean temperature of 17 °C or more for most of the year. The tree's retreat can be used as a proxy for temperature changes during this period.

text: Kauri is found growing in its natural ecosystem north of 38°S

entity_name: Latitude

text: latitude

text: . Its southern limit stretches from the

entity_name: Kāwhia Harbour

text: Kawhia Harbour

text: in the west to the eastern

entity_name: Kaimai Range

text: Kaimai Range

text: .However, its distribution has changed greatly over

entity_name: Geologic time scale

text: geological time

text: because of

text: climate change

text: . This is shown in the recent

text: Holocene

text: epoch by its migration southwards after the peak of the last

entity_name: Ice age

text: ice age

text: . During this time when frozen

entity_name: Ice sheet

text: ice sheet

text: s covered much of the world's continents, kauri was able to survive only in isolated pockets, its main refuge being in the very far north.

entity_name: Radiocarbon dating

text: Radiocarbon dating

text: is one technique used by scientists to uncover the history of the tree's distribution, with stump kauri from

text: peat

text: swamps used for measurement. The coldest period in recent times occurred about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, when time kauri was apparently confined north of Kaitaia, near the northernmost point of the North Island,

text: North Cape

text: . Kauri requires a mean temperature of 17 °C or more for most of the year. The tree's retreat can be used as a

text: proxy

text: for temperature changes during this period.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kauri is found growing in its natural ecosystem north of 38°S latitude

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tree: Kauri, Kawhia Harbour or Kaimai Range?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kauri

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the coldest period in recent times?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The tree's retreat

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years ago did the last ice age occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can radiocarbon dating be used to uncover the history of kauri?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How does climate change affect the distribution of Kauri?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the distribution of Kauri?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect Kauri?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago did the last ice age occur?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics: plate tectonics, ocean currents, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would the tree's retreat be used as a proxy?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Holocene epoch by its migration southwards

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 15,000 to 20,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The tree's retreat can be used as a proxy for temperature changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: frozen ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: frozen ice sheets covered much of the world's continents,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: frozen ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 17 °C

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Holocene epoch by its migration southwards

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 15,000 to 20,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: coldest period in recent times occurred about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: frozen ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Kauri requires a mean temperature of 17 °C or more

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.  Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes play a significant role. Some of these environmental changes are similar to those caused by the effects of global warming.

text: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.  Deforestation and exploitation of

text: natural landscape

text: s play a significant role. Some of these environmental changes are similar to those caused by the

text: effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes play a significant role.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes play a significant role

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land surface effects on climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of land surface effects on climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Deforestation and exploitation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of land surface effects on climate?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Land surface effects on climate are wide-ranging and vary by region.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Deforestation and exploitation of natural landscapes

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: vary by region.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: The encyclical states that developed nations are morally obligated to assist developing nations in combating the climate-change crisis. Poor nations, the pontiff says, are ill-prepared to adapt to the effects of climate change and will bear the brunt of its effects.  Linking the issues of poverty, which has been a major issue in his papacy, and the environment, he insists that the world must "hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor".

text: The encyclical states that

text: developed nation

text: s are morally obligated to assist

text: developing nation

text: s in combating the climate-change crisis. Poor nations, the pontiff says, are ill-prepared to

text: adapt to the effects of climate change

text: and will bear the brunt of its

text: effects

text: .  Linking the issues of

text: poverty

text: , which has been a major issue in his papacy, and the environment, he insists that the world must "hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: developed nations are morally obligated to assist developing nations in combating the climate-change crisis

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the effects of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the encyclical refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and poverty are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: poor nations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poverty

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change crisis?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What will poor nations bear the brunt of?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the poor nations bear the brunt of?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: non-existent

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: developed nations are morally obligated to assist developing nations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: developed nations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: effects of climate change and will bear the brunt of its effects.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The encyclical

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ill-prepared to adapt to the effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: encyclical

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Poor nations,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate-change crisis.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate-change crisis.

text: Ice sheet dynamics and continental positions (and linked vegetation changes) have been important factors in the long term evolution of the earth's climate. There is also a close correlation between CO and temperature, where CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

text: Ice sheet

text: dynamics and continental positions (and linked vegetation changes) have been important factors in the long term evolution of the earth's climate. There is also a close correlation between CO and temperature, where CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Earth's history

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in the long term evolution of the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in the long term evolution of the earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Earth history

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: vegetation changes)

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Ice sheet dynamics and continental positions (and linked vegetation changes)

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: CO has a strong control over global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

text: In the context of climate variation, anthropogenic factors are human activities which affect the climate. The scientific consensus on climate change is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities,"and it "is largely irreversible."

text: In the context of climate variation, anthropogenic factors are human activities which affect the climate. The

text: scientific consensus on climate change

text: is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities,"and it "is largely irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are not caused by human activities

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be caused by human activities

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: human activities which affect the climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is largely irreversible.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: is largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: largely irreversible

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: largely irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: largely irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: anthropogenic factors are human activities

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities,"and

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate variation, anthropogenic factors are human activities which affect the climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic factors are human activities

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: context of climate variation, anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: In the context of climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: largely irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic factors

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variation,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic factors

text: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity are theorized to affect global climate, but it has proven challenging to quantify the link between solar variation and climate.

text: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity are theorized to affect global climate, but it has proven challenging to quantify the link between solar variation and climate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: It is impossible to quantify the link between solar variation and climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can affect global climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a type of solar activity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar variation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It has proven challenging to quantify the link between solar variation and climate

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It has proven challenging to quantify the link between solar activity and climate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can affect global climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it has proven challenging to quantify the link between solar variation and climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: challenging to quantify

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: variations in solar activity are theorized to affect global climate,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: solar activity are theorized to affect global climate,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Both long-term and short-term variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variations in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: solar activity

text: The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) reaffirmed its position on global warming and "expressed grave concerns that the illegal release of private emails stolen from the University of East Anglia should not cause policy-makers and the public to become confused about the scientific basis of global climate change. Scientific integrity demands robust, independent peer review, however, and AAAS therefore emphasised that investigations are appropriate whenever significant questions are raised regarding the transparency and rigour of the scientific method, the peer-review process, or the responsibility of individual scientists. The responsible institutions are mounting such investigations." Alan I. Leshner, CEO of the AAAS and executive publisher of the journal Science, said "AAAS takes issues of scientific integrity very seriously. It is fair and appropriate to pursue answers to any allegations of impropriety. It’s important to remember, though, that the reality of climate change is based on a century of robust and well-validated science."

text: The

entity_name: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: (AAAS) reaffirmed its position on global warming and "expressed grave concerns that the illegal release of private emails stolen from the University of East Anglia should not cause policy-makers and the public to become confused about the scientific basis of global climate change. Scientific integrity demands robust, independent peer review, however, and AAAS therefore emphasised that investigations are appropriate whenever significant questions are raised regarding the transparency and rigour of the scientific method, the peer-review process, or the responsibility of individual scientists. The responsible institutions are mounting such investigations."

text: Alan I. Leshner

text: , CEO of the AAAS and executive publisher of the journal

text: Science

text: , said "AAAS takes issues of scientific integrity very seriously. It is fair and appropriate to pursue answers to any allegations of impropriety. It’s important to remember, though, that the reality of climate change is based on a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: private emails stolen from the University of East Anglia should not cause policy-makers and the public to become confused

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the A in "AAAS" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the illegal release of private emails

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the illegal release of private emails

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a hurricane that occurs in the southern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a reason to pursue answers to any allegations of impropriety

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's important to remember, though, that the reality of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: confused about the scientific basis of global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: illegal release of private emails

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: emails

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The American Association for the Advancement of Science

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The American Association for the Advancement of Science

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The American Association for the Advancement of Science

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The American Association for the Advancement of Science

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: a century of robust and well-validated science."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) have investigated the potential impacts climate change could have on agriculture, and how this would affect attempts at alleviating poverty in the developing world. They argued that the effects from moderate climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries. However, the vulnerability of the poor in developing countries to short term impacts from climate change, notably the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events is likely to have a negative impact. This, they say, should be taken into account when defining agricultural policy.

text: Researchers at the

text: Overseas Development Institute

text: (ODI) have investigated the potential impacts climate change could have on agriculture, and how this would affect attempts at alleviating poverty in the

text: developing world

text: . They argued that the effects from moderate climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries. However, the vulnerability of the poor in developing countries to short term impacts from climate change, notably the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events is likely to have a negative impact. This, they say, should be taken into account when defining

text: agricultural policy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effects from moderate climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: moderate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are likely to have a negative impact

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change could have on agriculture and how this would affect attempts at alleviating poverty

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How would climate change affect agricultural policy?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: likely to have a negative impact

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mixed for developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: moderate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: moderate climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Overseas Development Institute

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: moderate climate change are likely to be mixed for developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: moderate climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change, notably the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events

text: Poland is a country in Central Europe with an area of 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq. mi.), and mostly temperate climate. Generally speaking, Poland is an almost unbroken plain reaching from the Baltic Sea in the north, to the Carpathian Mountains in the south. Within that plain, terrain variations run in bands east to west. The Baltic coast has two natural harbors, the larger one in the Gdańsk-Gdynia region, and a smaller one near Szczecin in the far northwest. The northeastern region also known as Masurian Lake District with more than 2,000 lakes, is densely wooded, sparsely populated. To the south of the lake district, and across central Poland a vast region of plains extends all the way to the Sudetes on the Czech and Slovak borders southwest, and to the Carpathians on the Czech, Slovak and Ukrainian borders southeast. The central lowlands had been formed by glacial erosion in the Pleistocene ice age. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the northeast.

text: Poland

text: is a country in

text: Central Europe

text: with an area of 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq. mi.), and mostly temperate climate. Generally speaking, Poland is an almost unbroken plain reaching from the

text: Baltic Sea

text: in the north, to the

text: Carpathian Mountains

text: in the south. Within that plain, terrain variations run in bands east to west. The Baltic coast has two natural

text: harbor

text: s, the larger one in the

text: Gdańsk-Gdynia

text: region, and a smaller one near

text: Szczecin

text: in the far northwest. The northeastern region also known as

text: Masurian Lake District

text: with more than 2,000 lakes, is densely wooded, sparsely populated. To the south of the lake district, and across central Poland a vast region of plains extends all the way to the

text: Sudetes

text: on the

text: Czech

text: and

text: Slovak

text: borders southwest, and to the

text: Carpathians

text: on the Czech, Slovak and

text: Ukrainian

text: borders southeast. The central lowlands had been formed by

text: glacial erosion

text: in the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

text: . The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and

text: Belarus

text: to the east, and

text: Lithuania

text: and the

text: Russia

text: n exclave of

text: Kaliningrad

text: to the northeast.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Baltic coast has two natural harbors

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: mostly temperate climate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many square kilometres is the area of Poland?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many sunspots are there in Poland?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main source of pollution in Poland?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kaliningrad

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many square kilometres is the area of Poland?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: mostly temperate climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Central Europe

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many square kilometres does Poland have?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the climate like in Poland?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate of Poland?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many lakes are there in Poland?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial erosion

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacial erosion in the Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 312,679 square kilometres

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Poland

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Poland

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Poland

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial erosion

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial erosion in the Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Poland is a country in Central Europe

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperate climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Poland is a country in Central Europe

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: temperate

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: east to west.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: mostly temperate climate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Poland

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: populated.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 312,679 square kilometres

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Baltic Sea in the north, to the Carpathian Mountains

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: temperate climate.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Baltic Sea in the north, to the Carpathian Mountains

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: temperate climate.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial erosion

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

text: He has also written several books on global warming and climate change, one of his primary areas of research.  Those books include Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change (1994), which won the 2006 Award for “Publication of Enduring Quality” from the Association of Environmental and Resource Economics. Another book, with Joseph Boyer, is Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming (2000). His most recent book is The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World.

text: He has also written several books on

text: global warming

text: and

text: climate change

text: , one of his primary areas of research.  Those books include Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change (1994), which won the 2006 Award for “Publication of Enduring Quality” from the Association of Environmental and Resource Economics. Another book, with Joseph Boyer, is Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming (2000). His most recent book is The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global Warming is not a problem.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1994

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which book was published first, Managing the Global Commons or Warming the World?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a book: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Joseph Boyer

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: The Climate Casino

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the book that won the 2006 Award for “Publication of Enduring Quality” from the Association of Environmental and Resource Economics

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the most recent book?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the climate casino?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the difference between average temperature and global warming?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Warming World.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (2000).

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change (1994),

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming

text: The Arctic is especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change, as has become apparent with the reduction of sea ice in recent years. Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average, resulting in significant international attention to the region. In particular, there are concerns that Arctic shrinkage, a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland, could soon contribute to a substantial rise in sea levels worldwide. The climate models on which the IPCC report Number 4 is based give a range of predictions of Arctic sea ice loss, showing near-complete to complete loss in September anywhere from 2040 to some time well beyond 2100. About half of the analyzed models show near-complete to complete sea ice loss in September by the year 2100. More recently, the Catlin Arctic Survey concluded that summer ice loss would occur around 2029. It has been apparent though since 2007, that those models grossly underestimate sea ice loss.

text: The Arctic is especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change, as has become apparent with the reduction of sea ice in recent years.

text: Climate model

text: s predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average, resulting in significant international attention to the region. In particular, there are concerns that Arctic shrinkage, a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland, could soon contribute to a substantial rise in sea levels worldwide. The climate models on which the IPCC report Number 4 is based give a range of predictions of Arctic sea ice loss, showing near-complete to complete loss in September anywhere from 2040 to some time well beyond 2100. About half of the analyzed models show near-complete to complete sea ice loss in September by the year 2100. More recently, the

text: Catlin Arctic Survey

text: concluded that summer ice loss would occur around 2029. It has been apparent though since 2007, that those models grossly underestimate sea ice loss.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Arctic shrinkage could soon contribute to a substantial rise in sea levels worldwide

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much greater

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland, could soon contribute to a substantial rise in sea levels worldwide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic shrinkage

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea ice loss

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: around 2029

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a consequence of melting glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Arctic?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is the Arctic especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Arctic shrinkage

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic shrinkage

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: much greater warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Arctic shrinkage

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: those models grossly underestimate sea ice loss.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2029.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Arctic is especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: reduction of sea ice in recent years.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting glaciers and other ice in Greenland,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2029.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Arctic is especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The Arctic is especially vulnerable to the effects of any climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: sea ice in recent years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic shrinkage, a consequence of melting glaciers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate models predict much greater warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: reduction of sea ice in recent years.

text: Systems may respond in an irregular, discontinuous, abrupt, and unpredictable way to climate change (Smith et al., 2001). This may apply to physical, biological and human systems. Available records of climate variability, for example, reveal sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales. Some changes in systems may be "irreversible." Some irreversible changes may be reversible over long time periods, for example, the partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet (IPCC, 2001d:93). Other changes may be intrinsically irreversible, for example, the extinction of species.

text: Systems may respond in an irregular, discontinuous, abrupt, and unpredictable way to climate change (Smith et al., 2001). This may apply to physical, biological and human systems. Available records of climate variability, for example, reveal sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales. Some changes in systems may be "irreversible." Some irreversible changes may be reversible over long time periods, for example, the partial melting of the

text: Greenland ice sheet

text: (IPCC, 2001d:93). Other changes may be intrinsically irreversible, for example, the extinction of species.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Some irreversible changes may be reversible over long time periods

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of system: physical, biological or human?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change may be reversible over long time periods

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be reversible over long time periods

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: at all time scales

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What may apply to physical, biological and human systems?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the reason for the extinction of species?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: irreversible

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: partial melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: reversible over long time periods,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of species.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Some changes in systems may be "irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: (IPCC, 2001d:93).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinction of species.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: irregular, discontinuous, abrupt, and unpredictable way to climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: irregular, discontinuous, abrupt, and unpredictable way to climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Some changes in systems may be "irreversible."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: irregular, discontinuous, abrupt, and unpredictable way to climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sudden fluctuations of key variables at all time scales.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melting of the Greenland ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: partial melting of the Greenland ice sheet

text: NOAA scientists are at the forefront of studying climate change and modeling what the effects will be on the Earth. Researchers at NOAA’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) have developed the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) to enable a valid assessment of the impact of how climate change might affect the climate and ecology of the Great Lakes. The CHARM model provides a realistic surface-atmosphere feedback portrayal, and accounts for runoff from land surfaces. It allows researchers to predict that global warming likely will bring higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes. Development of a second generation of CHARM is underway to help answer questions about greenhouse warming effects on Great Lakes water quantity.

text: NOAA scientists are at the forefront of studying climate change and modeling what the effects will be on the Earth. Researchers at NOAA’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) have developed the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) to enable a valid assessment of the impact of how

text: climate change

text: might affect the climate and

text: ecology

text: of the

text: Great Lakes

text: . The CHARM model provides a realistic surface-atmosphere feedback portrayal, and accounts for runoff from land surfaces. It allows researchers to predict that

text: global warming

text: likely will bring higher

text: temperature

text: s and increased

text: precipitation

text: to the Great Lakes. Development of a second generation of CHARM is underway to help answer questions about

text: greenhouse warming

text: effects on Great Lakes water quantity.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse warming effects on Great Lakes water quantity

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can bring higher temperatures and increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Great Lakes?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would climate change affect the Great Lakes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Great Lakes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: CHARM

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: runoff from land surfaces.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Great Lakes water quantity.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming likely will bring higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change might affect the climate and ecology of the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: higher temperatures and increased precipitation to the Great Lakes.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NOAA scientists are at the forefront of studying climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Adaptation to climate change in Jordan describes measures with the objective to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.  Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth, the impacts of climate change are likely to further exacerbate the problem. Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease, however with a fair share of uncertainty. Hence, existing and new activities with the objective to minimize the gap between water supply and demand contribute to adapt Jordan to tomorrow’s climate. This might be accompanied by activities improving Jordan’s capacity to monitor and project meteorological and hydrological data and assess its own vulnerability to climate change. This article focuses on the impacts of climate change on the Jordanian water sector.

text: Adaptation to climate change in Jordan describes measures with the objective to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.

text: Water resources

text: in

text: Jordan

text: are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth, the

text: impacts of climate change

text: are likely to further exacerbate the problem. Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease, however with a fair share of uncertainty. Hence, existing and new activities with the objective to minimize the gap between water supply and demand contribute to adapt Jordan to tomorrow’s climate. This might be accompanied by activities improving Jordan’s capacity to monitor and project meteorological and hydrological data and assess its own vulnerability to

text: climate change

text: . This article focuses on the impacts of climate change on the Jordanian water sector.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change is likely to further exacerbate what problem?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Jordan's population growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: total annual precipitation is likely to decrease

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What will increase and the total annual precipitation likely to decrease, however with a fair share of uncertainty?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up between O C.E. and 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the total annual precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What will happen to the total annual precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How is climate change likely to further exacerbate the problem?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Context: During the last ice age, glaciers covered much of North America.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not an example of an enormous volcanic eruption?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing for many decades.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Temperatures will increase

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Temperatures

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the total annual precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: the total annual precipitation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Temperatures will increase

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Temperatures

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Temperatures will increase

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Temperatures

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Temperatures will increase

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Temperatures will increase

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Temperatures

text: In contrast to meteorology, which focuses on short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions. Climatologists study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

text: In contrast to

text: meteorology

text: , which focuses on short term

text: weather

text: systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions.

text: Climatologists

text: study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help

text: predict

text: future

text: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: meteorology studies the frequency and trends of those systems

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: millennia

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1400

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced factors that cause climates to change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-induced factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long does an El Nio event last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term average weather patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term average weather patterns

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural or human-induced factor that causes climates to change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climatologists

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climatologists

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: can help predict future climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: millennia

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: meteorology

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years to millennia,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: years to millennia,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced factors

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in long-term average weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: millennia,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in long-term average weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: meteorology,

text: Because the solubility of  in water increases with lower temperatures, glacial periods would have led to the faster absorption of atmospheric  by the oceans. In addition, any carbon stored in the glaciers would be depleted in  over the life of the glacier; when the glacier melted as the climate warmed, the depleted carbon would be released, reducing the global / ratio. The changes in climate would also cause changes in the biosphere, with warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life. The effect of these factors on radiocarbon dating is not known.

text: Because the solubility of  in water increases with lower temperatures, glacial periods would have led to the faster absorption of atmospheric  by the oceans. In addition, any carbon stored in the glaciers would be depleted in  over the life of the glacier; when the glacier melted as the climate warmed, the depleted carbon would be released, reducing the global / ratio. The changes in climate would also cause changes in the biosphere, with warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life. The effect of these factors on radiocarbon dating is not known.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effect of these factors on radiocarbon dating is not known

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not known

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of radiocarbon dating: glacial periods, global / ratio or plant and animal life?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: radiocarbon dating

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would have led to the faster absorption of atmospheric

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: faster absorption of atmospheric by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would happen if the glaciers melted?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: how many degrees

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: lower temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not known.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: reducing the global / ratio.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: reducing the global / ratio.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the glacier melted

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: radiocarbon dating

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the biosphere,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The changes in climate would also cause changes in the biosphere,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: faster absorption of atmospheric by the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: reducing the global / ratio.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warmer periods leading to more plant and animal life.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods

text: Abdussamatov presented papers at the fourth and ninth International Conference on Climate Change, events sponsored by the Heartland Institute and, according to the organiser, bringing together "think tank cosponsors and [...] scientists who dispute the claim that the science is settled". Abdussamatov claims that "global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, but from an unusually high level of solar radiation and a lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth in its intensity." This view contradicts the mainstream scientific opinion on climate change. He has asserted that "parallel global warmings—observed simultaneously on Mars and on Earth—can only be a straightline consequence of the effect of the one same factor: a long-time change in solar irradiance."This claim has not been accepted by the broader scientific community. Some of Abdussamatov's opponents have stated that "the idea just isn't supported by the theory or by the observations" and that it "doesn't make physical sense."

text: Abdussamatov presented papers at the fourth and ninth

entity_name: International Conference on Climate Change

text: International Conference on Climate Change

text: , events sponsored by the

text: Heartland Institute

text: and, according to the organiser, bringing together "think tank cosponsors and [...] scientists who dispute the claim that the science is settled". Abdussamatov claims that "global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, but from an unusually high level of solar radiation and a lengthy—almost throughout the last century—

text: growth in its intensity

text: ." This view contradicts the

text: mainstream scientific opinion on climate change

text: . He has asserted that "parallel global warmings—observed simultaneously on Mars and on Earth—can only be a straightline consequence of the effect of the one same factor: a long-time

text: change in solar irradiance

text: ."This claim has not been accepted by the broader scientific community. Some of Abdussamatov's opponents have stated that "the idea just isn't supported by the theory or by the observations" and that it "doesn't make physical sense."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: almost throughout the last century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: do not make physical sense

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Abdussamatov claim is the cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can only be a straightline consequence of the effect of the one same factor

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has not been accepted by the broader scientific community?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What has not been accepted by the broader scientific community?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It does not make physical sense

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: parallel global warmings

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mainstream scientific opinion

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: an unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-time change in solar irradiance."This

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: a long-time change in solar irradiance."This

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: an unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-time change in solar irradiance."This

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: a long-time change in solar irradiance."This

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: an unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth in its intensity."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: lengthy—almost throughout the last century—growth

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unusually high level of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "global warming

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages. There have been at least five such ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is currently in an ice age, in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in

text: ice ages

text: . There have been at least five such ice ages in the

text: Earth

text: 's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is

text: currently in an ice age

text: , in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, or meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, or meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanos

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause ice ages

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: volcanos, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, or meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would cause ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Earth is currently in an ice age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Earth is currently in an ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: five

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth is currently in an ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice-free even in high latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age, in that the planet has permanent ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Earth is currently in an ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice cap climates

text: SEPA recognises that climate change is the single greatest threat to our future. The organisation has produced its own climate change plan which contains details about how it will reduce its carbon emissions. This five year climate change plan introduces SEPA's specific role in climate change mitigation.

text: SEPA recognises that climate change is the single greatest threat to our future. The organisation has produced its own climate change plan which contains details about how it will reduce its carbon emissions. This five year climate change plan introduces SEPA's specific role in climate change mitigation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: SEPA has not produced its own climate change plan.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the single greatest threat to our future?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to our future?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the single greatest threat?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What would happen if there was an El Nio event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the single greatest threat to our future?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen to carbon emissions?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it will reduce its carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: five year

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change is the single greatest threat to our future.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change is the single greatest threat to our future.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change is the single greatest threat to our future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: SEPA recognises that climate change is the single greatest threat to our future.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: In the beginning, recognition came slowly, but later, the theory was proven to be accurate. Project CLIMAP (Climate: Long Range Investigation, Mapping and Production) finally resolved the dispute and proved the theory of Milankovitch cycles.In 1972, scientists compiled a time scale of climatic events in the past 700,000 years from deep-sea cores. They performed the analysis of the cores and four years later, came to the conclusion that in the past 500,000 years, climate has changed depending on the inclination of the Earth's axis  of rotation and its precession. In 1988, a new major project COHMAP (Cooperative Holocene MappingProject) reconstructed the patterns of global climate change over the last 18,000 years, again demonstrating the key role of astronomical factors. In 1989, the project SPECMAP (Spectral Mapping Project), showed that the climate changes are responses to changes in solar radiation of each of the three astronomical cycles.

text: In the beginning, recognition came slowly, but later, the theory was proven to be accurate. Project

entity_name: Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction

text: CLIMAP

text: (Climate: Long Range Investigation, Mapping and Production) finally resolved the dispute and proved the theory of Milankovitch cycles.In 1972, scientists compiled a time scale of climatic events in the past 700,000 years from deep-sea cores. They performed the analysis of the cores and four years later, came to the conclusion that in the past 500,000 years, climate has changed depending on the

text: inclination

text: of the

text: Earth's axis

text: of

text: rotation

text: and its

text: precession

text: . In 1988, a new major project

text: COHMAP

text: (Cooperative Holocene MappingProject) reconstructed the patterns of global climate change over the last 18,000 years, again demonstrating the key role of astronomical factors. In 1989, the project

text: SPECMAP

text: (Spectral Mapping Project), showed that the climate changes are responses to changes in solar radiation of each of the three astronomical cycles.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Earth's axis of rotation and its precession

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 500,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: SPECMAP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an astronomical factor: inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation and its precession?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an astronomical cycle: Milankovitch cycles, COHMAP, or SPECMAP?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: COHMAP, SPECMAP, or Milankovitch cycles?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: astronomical factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Project CLIMAP (Climate: Long Range Investigation, Mapping and Production) finally resolved the dispute and proved the theory of Milankovitch cycles?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the past 500,000 years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an astronomical factor: inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation and its precession?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years after 1972 did scientists compiled a time scale of climatic events in the past 700,000 years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cycle: Milankovitch cycles, COHMAP or SPECMAP?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: in the past 500,000 years

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: changes in solar radiation of each of the three astronomical cycles.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 500,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 700,000 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles.In

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: astronomical factors.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: astronomical factors.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Project CLIMAP

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: precession.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: astronomical factors.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: astronomical factors.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: three

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Project CLIMAP

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: deep-sea cores.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 700,000 years

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: astronomical factors.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles.In

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 500,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 500,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 500,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 500,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: deep-sea cores.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles.In

text: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin changes over the short-term as rainstorms come and go, individual hillslopes fail in mass movements, and riverbanks collapse. Over the long-term, the flux of sediment from a drainage basin oscillates around a mean value, producing a dynamic steady state, unless there are significant changes in boundary conditions such as climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

text: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin changes over the short-term as rainstorms come and go, individual hillslopes fail in mass movements, and riverbanks collapse. Over the long-term, the flux of sediment from a drainage basin oscillates around a mean value, producing a dynamic steady state, unless there are significant changes in boundary conditions such as climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin changes over the short-term

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of the release of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a change in boundary conditions: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and uplift rate are all examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: uplift rate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause significant changes in boundary conditions such as climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: over the long-term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a boundary condition?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the flux of sediment from a drainage basin?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is the flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin oscillating around a mean value?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: over the long-term

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: over the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: over the long-term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: uplift rate

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: mean value

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dynamic steady state,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: significant changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: a dynamic steady state, unless there are significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: individual hillslopes fail in mass movements, and riverbanks collapse.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: significant changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: a dynamic steady state,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unless there are significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unless there are significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: significant changes in boundary conditions

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The flux of sediment from an undisturbed drainage basin

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rainstorms

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a dynamic steady state,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: mass movements,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate, vegetation cover, or uplift rate.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: rainstorms

text: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change. Climate change is caused by three major factors which are the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, and changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface. The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight. Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space. Greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb energy which cause a blanketing effect that warms the earth. Aerosols such as black carbon also catalyze the warming effect as they are unreflective and absorb energy from the sun supplementing greenhouse gases in the warming effect.

text: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change. Climate change is caused by three major factors which are the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, and changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface. The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight. Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space. Greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb energy which cause a blanketing effect that warms the earth. Aerosols such as black carbon also catalyze the warming effect as they are unreflective and absorb energy from the sun supplementing greenhouse gases in the warming effect.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: greenhouse gases, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, or changes in reflectivity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are all types of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blanketing effect that warms the earth.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the world's oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many major factors are responsible for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: greenhouse gases, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, or changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, or changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many factors are responsible for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: what is the first factor mentioned?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not caused by plate tectonics: the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, or the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would volcanic eruptions affect climate change?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The world's oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The world's oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The world's oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in reflectivity

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in reflectivity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The world's oceans are warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

text: Certain regions of Mars display scalloped-shaped depressions. The depressions are believed to be the remains of an ice-rich mantle deposit.  Scallops are created when ice sublimates from frozen soil.  This mantle material probably fell from the air as ice formed on dust when the climate was different due to changes in the tilt of the Mars pole. The scallops are typically tens of meters deep and from a few hundred to a few thousand meters across.  They can be almost circular or elongated.  Some appear to have coalesced, thereby causing a large heavily pitted terrain to form.  A study published in Icarus, found that the landforms of scalloped topography can be made by the subsurface loss of water ice by sublimation under current Martian climate conditions.  Their model predicts similar shapes when the ground has large amounts of pure ice, up to many tens of meters in depth.The process of producing the terrain may begin with sublimation from a crack because there are often polygon cracks where scallops form.

text: Certain regions of Mars display

text: scalloped-shaped depressions

text: . The depressions are believed to be the remains of an ice-rich mantle deposit.  Scallops are created when ice sublimates from frozen soil.  This mantle material probably fell from the air as ice formed on dust when the climate was different due to changes in the tilt of the Mars pole. The scallops are typically tens of meters deep and from a few hundred to a few thousand meters across.  They can be almost circular or elongated.  Some appear to have coalesced, thereby causing a large heavily pitted terrain to form.  A study published in Icarus, found that the landforms of scalloped topography can be made by the subsurface loss of water ice by sublimation under current Martian climate conditions.  Their model predicts similar shapes when the ground has large amounts of pure ice, up to many tens of meters in depth.The process of producing the terrain may begin with sublimation from a crack because there are often polygon cracks where scallops form.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice sublimates from frozen soil

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of landform: scalloped-shaped depressions or polygon cracks?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of depression: scalloped-shaped depressions or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the scalloped topography?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: scalloped topography

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause ice to sublimate from frozen soil

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of landform: scalloped topography?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: tilt of the Mars pole?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a landform: scalloped topography can be made by the subsurface loss of water ice?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would Earths temperature increase?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a type of landform?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sublimation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: current Martian

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: scalloped-shaped depressions.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mars display scalloped-shaped depressions.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice sublimates from frozen soil.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice sublimates from frozen soil.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Certain regions of Mars display scalloped-shaped depressions.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: subsurface loss of water ice by sublimation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice-rich mantle deposit.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Certain regions of Mars display scalloped-shaped depressions.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Scallops are created when ice sublimates from frozen soil.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice-rich mantle deposit. Scallops

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice-rich mantle deposit.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: different due to changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sublimates

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: changes in the tilt of the Mars pole.

text: In 2007, the Green Day slogan was "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World" and the focus was on climate change and global warming.

text: In 2007, the Green Day slogan was "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World" and the focus was on

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is caused by human activities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Green Day slogan last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: how many degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Green World"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Green World"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Keep on Rockin' For a Green World"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: In 2007,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: In 2009 the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) confirmed a change in time period for the Pleistocene, changing the start date from 1.806 to 2.588 million years BP, and accepted the base of the Gelasian as the base of the Pleistocene, namely the base of the Monte San Nicola GSSP. The IUGS has yet to approve a type section, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), for the upper Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (i.e. the upper boundary). The proposed section is the North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core 75° 06' N 42° 18' W. The lower boundary of the Pleistocene Series is formally defined magnetostratigraphically as the base of the Matuyama (C2r) chronozone, isotopic stage 103. Above this point there are notable extinctions of the calcareous nanofossils: Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus.

text: In 2009 the

entity_name: International Union of Geological Sciences

text: International Union of Geological Sciences

text: (IUGS) confirmed a change in time period for the Pleistocene, changing the start date from 1.806 to 2.588 million years BP, and accepted the base of the

text: Gelasian

text: as the base of the Pleistocene, namely the base of the

text: Monte San Nicola

entity_name: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point

text: GSSP

text: . The IUGS has yet to approve a

text: type section

text: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point

text: (GSSP), for the upper Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (i.e. the upper boundary). The proposed section is the North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core 75° 06' N 42° 18' W. The lower boundary of the Pleistocene Series is formally defined

text: magnetostratigraphically

text: as the base of the Matuyama (C2r)

text: chronozone

text: , isotopic stage 103. Above this point there are notable extinctions of the calcareous

text: nanofossil

text: s:

text: Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice core 75° 06' N 42° 18' W

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.588 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.588 million years BP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The IUGS has yet to approve a type section, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), for the upper Pleistocene/Holocene boundary

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the most common cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: North Greenland Ice Core

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Discoaster surculus

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: isotopic stage 103

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: North Greenland Ice Core Project

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many million years ago did the Pleistocene start?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many million years ago did the Pleistocene begin?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many million years ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the proposed section?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1.806 million years BP

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice core

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 42° 18' W

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: North Greenland Ice Core Project

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: North Greenland Ice

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.588 million years BP,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1.806 to 2.588 million years BP,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 103.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 103.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: extinctions of the calcareous nanofossils:

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: North Greenland Ice

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: North Greenland Ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: In 2009

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extinctions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: North Greenland

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: North Greenland Ice Core

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: In 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 103.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinctions of the calcareous nanofossils:

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North Greenland

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 103.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 1.806 to 2.588 million years BP,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Ice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: In 2009

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1.806 to 2.588 million years BP,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Core

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 75° 06' N 42° 18' W.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: North Greenland Ice Core Project

text: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition, which has been brought together by Friends of the Earth and the TCPA, includes over 60 cross-sector organisations and individuals. The Coalition has worked to ensure that the planning system makes a full contribution to meeting the climate change challenge. They have developed planning guidance and model policies on climate change for local authorities in England. The aim of the Coalition is to build a consensus amongst a wide range of stakeholders on the benefits of guidance on planning for climate change, working with local authorities, Local Enterprise Partnerships and communities. The Coalition has no core funding and no political or corporate affiliations.

text: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition, which has been brought together by

text: Friends of the Earth

text: and the TCPA, includes over 60 cross-sector organisations and individuals. The Coalition has worked to ensure that the planning system makes a full contribution to meeting the climate change challenge. They have developed planning guidance and model policies on climate change for local authorities in England. The aim of the Coalition is to build a consensus amongst a wide range of stakeholders on the benefits of guidance on planning for climate change, working with local authorities, Local Enterprise Partnerships and communities. The Coalition has no core funding and no political or corporate affiliations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Coalition has no core funding and no political or corporate affiliations.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or sulphur dioxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many cross-sector organisations and individuals are part of the Coalition?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Planning & Climate Change Coalition has no core funding and no political affiliations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: political affiliations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many cross-sector organisations and individuals are part of the Coalition?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Coalition has worked to ensure that the planning system makes a full contribution

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Coalition has no core funding and no political or corporate affiliations.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: planning system makes a full contribution to meeting the climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: political or corporate affiliations.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: England.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Planning & Climate Change Coalition,

text: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution is an “emotional and strong story” of a journey across the world in search of the solutions so urgently needed for avoiding a world climate life gone a wreck. It is produced in the realisation that we need a new climate agenda in order to achieve a transition to a sustainable society. The Copenhagen Climate Council has stated it is “necessary” to tell the story of climate change using a new positive language that can appeal to new audiences. Particularly, the Copenhagen Climate Council wishes to use “evocative and emotional storytelling” to get behind the real motivations, which has made pioneers, community leaders and others act on climate changes. Through compelling and evocative story-telling, the audiences will themselves feel the urgency of the quest and be inspired to take action.Climate LIFE will be a follow-up to Al Gore's 'An inconvenient truth'. Where Al Gore opened the world's eyes to the massiveness of climate change, Climate LIFE intends to tell the new convenient truth of climate change - that the knowledge and solutions we know today give us the opportunity to create communities that enhance quality of life; that it is possible to build a greener, safer and more sustainable Earth.Climate Life - the 5th revolution aims to show that the precondition for the success is already present. A short feature will be launched at the World Business Summit on Climate Change and subsequently it will be shown at events, on the web, and will also be distributed to TV broadcasters across the world.The film is produced in collaboration with Koncern Film and TV.

text: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution is an “emotional and strong story” of a journey across the world in search of the solutions so urgently needed for

text: avoiding a world climate life gone a wreck

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a world climate life gone a wreck

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: massiveness

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution aim to show?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate LIFE intends to tell the new convenient truth of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: safer and more sustainable Earth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate change, climate change, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate life gone a wreck

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate LIFE intends to tell the new convenient truth

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate life gone a wreck

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate life gone a wreck

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Climate LIFE intend to tell the new convenient truth of?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: more sustainable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing for many decades

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the difference between the average temperature and the temperature in the film?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a world climate life gone a wreck.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 5th

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Copenhagen Climate Council

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: a world climate life gone a wreck.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Al Gore's

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: safer and more sustainable Earth.Climate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: world climate life gone a wreck.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: massiveness of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Copenhagen Climate Council

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a world climate life gone a wreck.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: quality of life;

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate LIFE intends to tell the new convenient truth of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Earth.Climate Life - the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kon

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greener, safer and more sustainable Earth.Climate

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Al Gore's

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Al Gore's

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate LIFE - the 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 5th revolution

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: revolution

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greener, safer and more sustainable Earth.Climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 5th revolution

text: Some scientists now consider that the effects of global dimming have masked the effect of global warming to some extent and that resolving global dimming may therefore lead to increases in predictions of future temperature rise. According to Beate Liepert, "We lived in a global warming plus a global dimming world and now we are taking out global dimming. So we end up with the global warming world, which will be much worse than we thought it will be, much hotter."  The magnitude of this masking effect is one of the central problems in climate change with significant implications for future climate changes and policy responses to global warming.

text: Some scientists now consider that the effects of global dimming have masked the effect of

text: global warming

text: to some extent and that resolving global dimming may therefore lead to increases in predictions of future temperature rise. According to Beate Liepert, "We lived in a global warming plus a global dimming world and now we are taking out global dimming. So we end up with the global warming world, which will be much worse than we thought it will be, much hotter."  The magnitude of this masking effect is one of the central problems in climate change with significant implications for future climate changes and policy responses to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global dimming has masked the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much hotter

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does global dimming refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, global dimming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: much hotter

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is one of the central problems in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is one of the central problems in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will be much hotter

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: much hotter

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: much hotter

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: much hotter

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: much worse than we thought it will be, much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: "We lived in a global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature rise. According to Beate Liepert,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature rise.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "We lived in a global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: much worse than we thought it will be, much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change with significant implications for future climate changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Some scientists now consider that the effects of global dimming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming plus a global dimming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global dimming have masked the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global dimming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: much hotter."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global dimming

text: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature for years to decades at a time but long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings. These forcings are "external" to the climate system but not necessarily external to Earth. Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of greenhouse gases), solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun.

text: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature for years to decades at a time but long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings. These forcings are "external" to the climate system but not necessarily external to Earth. Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es),

text: solar luminosity

text: volcanic

text: eruptions, and

text: variations in Earth's orbit

text: around the Sun.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increase concentrations of what

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is an example of an external forcing?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increases concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in global temperature for years to decades at a time

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can small changes in temperature make big changes in climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Earth's orbit around the Sun

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is it necessary for long-term changes in global temperature to occur?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long-term changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: external forcings

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: external forcings

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: external forcings

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: years to decades

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: spontaneously generate changes in global temperature for years to decades at a time

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years to decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: years to decades at a time

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increased concentrations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases),

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases),

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: external to Earth.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: external forcings

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases),

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases),

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: years to decades at a time

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: long-term changes in global temperature require external forcings.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global temperature

text: The sea level on earth regularly rises and falls due to climatic changes. During cold periods more of the Earth’s water is stored as ice in glaciers while during warm periods it is released and sea levels rise to cover more land. Sea levels are currently quite high, while just 18,000 years ago during the Pleistocene ice age they were quite low. Global warming may result in further rises in the future, which presents a risk to coastal cities as most would be flooded by only small rises. As sea levels rise, fjords and rias form. Fjords are flooded glacial valleys and rias are flooded river valleys. Fjords typically have steep rocky sides, while rias have dendritic drainage patterns typical of drainage zones. As tectonic plates move about the Earth they can rise and fall due to changing pressures and the presence of glaciers. If a beach is moving upwards relative to other plates this is known as isostatic change and raised beaches can be formed.

text: The sea level on earth regularly rises and falls due to climatic changes. During cold periods more of the Earth’s water is stored as ice in glaciers while during warm periods it is released and sea levels rise to cover more land. Sea levels are currently quite high, while just 18,000 years ago during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age they were quite low.

text: Global warming

text: may result in further rises in the future, which presents a risk to coastal cities as most would be flooded by only small rises. As sea levels rise,

text: fjords

text: and

text: ria

text: s form. Fjords are flooded

text: glacial valleys

text: and rias are flooded river valleys. Fjords typically have steep rocky sides, while rias have dendritic drainage patterns typical of drainage zones. As

text: tectonic plates

text: move about the Earth they can rise and fall due to changing pressures and the presence of glaciers. If a beach is moving upwards relative to other plates this is known as isostatic change and

text: raised beaches

text: can be formed.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Tectonic plates move about the Earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 18,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of global warming: sea levels, glaciers, or fjords?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fjord: fjords, rias or sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sea levels rising

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea levels rising

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the sea level to rise by how much?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea levels rise to cover more land

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: when sea levels are high?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a tectonic plate?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fjord?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees cooler was it in the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a glacier?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a tectonic plate?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: drainage

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming may result in further rises

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: raised beaches

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 18,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: fjords and rias

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The sea level

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea levels rise to cover more land.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: During cold periods

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 18,000 years ago during the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming may result in further rises

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global warming may result in further rises

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: small rises.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 18,000 years ago during the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 18,000 years ago during the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rise and fall

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Sea levels are currently quite high,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice age

text: In a speech on 16 September 2005 to the 60th Session of the UN General Assembly, Prime Minister Maatia Toafa emphasized the impact of climate change as a "broader security issue which relates to environmental security. Living in a very fragile island environment, our long-term security and sustainable development is closely linked to issues of climate change, preserving biodiversity, managing our limited forests and waterresources."

text: In a speech on 16 September 2005 to the 60th Session of the UN General Assembly, Prime Minister

text: Maatia Toafa

text: emphasized the impact of climate change as a "broader security issue which relates to environmental security. Living in a very fragile island environment, our long-term security and sustainable development is closely linked to issues of climate change, preserving biodiversity, managing our limited forests and waterresources."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: living in a very fragile island environment

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, preserving biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: preserving biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the hurricane that hit the United States in 2005?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a very fragile island environment

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a "broader security issue which relates to environmental security.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biodiversity, managing our limited forests and waterresources."

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: island

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Living in a very fragile island environment,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 16 September 2005

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change as a "broader security issue which relates to environmental security.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: In a speech on 16 September 2005

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 60th Session of the UN General Assembly,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2005

text: Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change is a 2010 non-fiction book by Australian academic Clive Hamilton which explores climate change denial and its implications. It argues that climate change will bring about large-scale, harmful consequences for habitability for life  on Earth including humans, which it is too late to prevent. Hamilton explores why politicians, corporations and the public deny or refuse to act on this reality. He invokes a variety of explanations, including wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture and active lobbying by the fossil fuel industry. The book builds on the author's fifteen-year prior history of writing about these subjects, with previous books including Growth Fetish and Scorcher: The Dirty Politics of Climate Change.

text: Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change is a 2010

text: non-fiction

text: book by Australian academic

text: Clive Hamilton

text: which explores

text: climate change denial

text: and its implications. It argues that

text: climate change

text: will bring about large-scale, harmful consequences for

text: habitability

text: for life  on Earth including humans, which it is too late to prevent. Hamilton explores why politicians, corporations and the public deny or refuse to act on this reality. He invokes a variety of explanations, including

text: wishful thinking

text: ideology

text: consumer culture

text: and

text: active lobbying

text: by the

text: fossil fuel

text: industry. The book builds on the author's fifteen-year prior history of writing about these subjects, with previous books including

text: Growth Fetish

text: and

entity_name: Scorcher: The Dirty Politics of Climate Change

text: Scorcher: The Dirty Politics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it is too late to prevent

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: large-scale

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture or lobbying by the fossil fuel industry?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an explanation for climate change: wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture or active lobbying by the fossil fuel industry?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture or lobbying by the fossil fuel industry?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Habitability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the book that Hamilton wrote about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large-scale, harmful consequences

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will climate change bring about?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for politicians, corporations and the public not to act on this reality?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: What is the term for the movement of cold water from the bottom to the surface of the ocean

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: How many degrees Fahrenheit is the average temperature?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Scorcher

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: denial

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fossil fuel industry.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Requiem for a Species:

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: active lobbying by the fossil fuel industry.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuel industry.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wishful thinking, ideology, consumer culture

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Requiem for a Species:

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large-scale, harmful consequences for habitability for life on Earth including humans,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Requiem for a Species:

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: large-scale,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: large-scale, harmful consequences for habitability for life on Earth including humans,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: it is too late to prevent.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: humans,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Requiem for a Species:

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Requiem for a Species:

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: large-scale, harmful consequences for habitability for life on Earth including humans,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: fossil fuel industry.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Scorcher:

text: This does not mean, however, that all remaining differences between models and observations have been resolved. The observed changes in some climate variables, such as Arctic sea ice, some aspects of precipitation, and patterns of surface pressure, appear to be proceeding much more rapidly than models have projected. The reasons for these differences are not well understood. Nevertheless, the bottom-line conclusion from climate fingerprinting is that most of the observed changes studied to date are consistent with each other, and are also consistent with our scientific understanding of how the climate system would be expected to respond to the increase in heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

text: This does not mean, however, that all remaining differences between models and observations have been resolved. The observed changes in some climate variables, such as Arctic sea ice, some aspects of precipitation, and patterns of surface pressure, appear to be proceeding much more rapidly than models have projected. The reasons for these differences are not well understood. Nevertheless, the bottom-line conclusion from climate fingerprinting is that most of the observed changes studied to date are consistent with each other, and are also consistent with our scientific understanding of how the climate system would be expected to respond to the increase in heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: most of the observed changes studied to date are consistent with each other

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much more rapidly

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increase in heat-trapping gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increase in heat-trapping gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase in heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: When does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the bottom-line conclusion from climate fingerprinting

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the climate system be expected to respond to?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the reason for these differences?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: all remaining differences between models and observations have been resolved.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much more rapidly

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The observed changes in some climate variables, such as Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: appear to be proceeding much more rapidly than models have projected.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increase in heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: models have projected.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The observed changes in some climate variables, such as Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: much more rapidly than models have projected.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The observed changes in some climate variables, such as Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human activities.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Arctic sea ice,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: much more rapidly than models have projected.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Arctic sea ice,

text: A 2013 paper in Environmental Research Letters reviewed 11,944 abstracts of scientific papers matching "global warming" or "global climate change". They found 4,014 which discussed the cause of recent global warming, and of these "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

text: A 2013 paper in

text: Environmental Research Letters

text: reviewed 11,944 abstracts of scientific papers matching "global warming" or "global climate change". They found 4,014 which discussed the cause of recent global warming, and of these "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans are not causing global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and global climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone that causes tropical storms?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the consensus position say about global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would an enormous volcanic eruption increase Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "global climate change".

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 11,944

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "global warming" or "global climate change".

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: humans are causing global warming".

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP.The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system". IPCC reports cover "the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation."

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and

text: intergovernmental body

text: under the auspices of the

text: United Nations

text: , set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of

text: climate change

text: and its political and economic impacts. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: (WMO) and the

text: United Nations Environment Programme

text: (UNEP), and later endorsed by the

text: United Nations General Assembly

text: through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP.The IPCC produces reports that support the

entity_name: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system". IPCC reports cover "the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change,

text: its potential impacts

text: and options for

text: adaptation

text: and

text: mitigation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "IPCC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: political

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone that causes tropical storms

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the purpose of the IPCC?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate system?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the purpose of the IPCC?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human-induced] interference with the climate system".

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced] interference with the climate system".

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced]

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: political and economic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: World Meteorological

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human-induced climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human-induced climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human-induced climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human-induced climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 43/53.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced] interference with the climate system".

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human-induced climate change,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 43/53.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 43/53.

text: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change and can only estimate the timescales.  When a tipping point- the critical threshold- is reached, a small change in human activity can have long-term consequences on the environment.  Two of the nine tipping points for major climate changes forecast for the next century are directly related to forest diebacks.  Scientists are worried that forest dieback in the Amazon rain forest and the Boreal evergreen forest will trigger a tipping point in the next 50 years.

text: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change and can only estimate the timescales.  When a tipping point- the critical threshold- is reached, a small change in human activity can have long-term consequences on the

text: environment

text: .  Two of the nine tipping points for major climate changes forecast for the next century are directly related to forest diebacks.  Scientists are worried that forest dieback in the Amazon rain forest and the Boreal evergreen forest will trigger a tipping point in the next 50 years.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a small change in human activity can have long-term consequences on the environment

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a tipping point: Amazon rain forest or Boreal evergreen?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a tipping point: forest diebacks, sunspots or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: forest diebacks, climate change or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forest diebacks

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have long-term consequences on the environment

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: forest dieback

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a tipping point?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a tipping point?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the environment?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the critical threshold

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a tipping point?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: exact tipping points of climate change and can only estimate the timescales.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: a small change in human activity can have long-term consequences on the environment.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tipping points

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: forest diebacks.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: a small change in human activity can have long-term consequences on the environment.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: When a tipping point-

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Two of the nine tipping points

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: a small change in human activity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: nine tipping points for major climate changes forecast for the next century

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: forest diebacks.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: When a tipping point-

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Scientists do not know the exact tipping points of climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: forest diebacks.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: When a tipping point-

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: tipping points

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: tipping points of climate change and can only estimate the timescales.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change and can only estimate the timescales.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: forest diebacks.

text: In the past, weathering of silicate rocks sequestered CO, a negative feedback loop which maintained Earth’s climate within a habitable range over millions of years. When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase and thereby enhance chemical weathering. The last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum was during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, 51–53 million years ago (See also Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum). Only over the past 34 million years have CO concentrations been low, temperatures relatively cool, and the poles glaciated. This long- term shift in Earth’s climatic state resulted, in part from differences in volcanic emissions, which were particularly high during parts of the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs (about 40–60 million years ago) but have diminished since then.

text: In the past,

text: weathering of silicate rocks

text: sequestered CO

text: , a negative feedback loop which maintained Earth’s climate within a habitable range over millions of years. When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase and thereby enhance chemical weathering. The last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum was during the

text: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

text: , 51–53 million years ago (See also

text: Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

text: ). Only over the past 34 million years have CO concentrations been low, temperatures relatively cool, and the poles glaciated. This long- term shift in Earth’s climatic state resulted, in part from differences in volcanic emissions, which were particularly high during parts of the

text: Palaeocene

text: and

text: Eocene

text: epochs (about 40–60 million years ago) but have diminished since then.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global temperature reached a long-term maximum

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 34 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 51–53 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago was the last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a result of volcanic emissions?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does this affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: volcanic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long ago was the last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperature reached a long-term maximum

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: when atmospheric CO concentration rise

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago did global temperature reach a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the last time global temperature reached a long-term maximum?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of volcanic emissions: differences in volcanic emissions, volcanic emissions, or weathering of silicate rocks?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Only over the past 34 million years have CO concentrations been low, temperatures relatively cool

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciated

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term maximum

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciated

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the poles glaciated.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 34 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 51–53 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: differences in volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the poles glaciated.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: differences in volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise, temperature and precipitation increase

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 34 million years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the poles glaciated.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: differences in volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic emissions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO concentrations been low,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: When atmospheric CO concentration rise,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: over the past 34 million years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciated.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperatures relatively cool,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the poles glaciated.

text: In 1993, there was an episode on global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet".  On December 9, 2007, Nick News had shown another global warming special entitled "A Global Warning From the Kids of the World". Both specials looked at different regions of the Earth like Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya, showing the changes in the climate and the effects of those changes. During the later part of the December 9, 2007, episode, Nobel Prize winner Al Gore appeared to talk to children about the problems that global warming is causing to ordinary people.

text: In 1993, there was an episode on global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet".  On December 9, 2007, Nick News had shown another global warming special entitled "A Global Warning From the Kids of the World". Both specials looked at different regions of the Earth like Australia,

text: Alaska

text: , the

text: Netherlands

text: , the

text: Philippines

text: California

text: and

text: Kenya

text: , showing the changes in the climate and the effects of those changes. During the later part of the December 9, 2007, episode,

text: Nobel Prize

text: winner

text: Al Gore

text: appeared to talk to children about the problems that global warming is causing to ordinary people.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Al Gore appeared to talk to children about the problems that global warming is causing to ordinary people.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the highest concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the sunspots called?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the episode on global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate and the effects of those changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a continent: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Alaska

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a country: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Plan it for the Planet"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Nobel Prize winner Al Gore

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet". On December 9, 2007,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in the climate and the effects of those changes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Nobel Prize winner Al Gore

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Australia,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in the climate

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming is causing to ordinary people.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "A Global Warning From the Kids of the World".

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Australia, Alaska,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet". On December 9, 2007,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Australia, Alaska, the Netherlands, the Philippines, California and Kenya,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Nobel Prize winner Al Gore

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming entitled "Plan it for the Planet". On December 9, 2007,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in the climate and the effects of those changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "Plan it for the Planet". On December 9, 2007,

text: Without resolute counteraction, climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities within the coming decades. This could result in destabilization and violence, jeopardizing national and international security to a new degree. However, climate change could also unite the international community, provided that it recognizes climate change as a threat to humankind and soon sets the course for the avoidance of dangerous anthropogenic climate change by adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy. If it fails to do so, climate change will draw ever-deeper lines of division and conflict in international relations, triggering numerous conflicts between and within countries over the distribution of resources, especially water and land, over the management of migration, or over compensation payments between the countries mainly responsible for climate change and those countries most affected by its destructive effects. That is the backdrop against which WBGU, in this flagship report, summarizes the state-of-the-art of science on the subject of “Climate Change as a Security Risk”. It is based on the findings of research into environmental conflicts, the causes of war, and of climate impact research. It appraises past experience but also ventures to cast a glance far into the future in order to assess the likely impacts of climate change on societies, nation-states, regions and the international system.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: unite the international community

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies' adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: destabilization

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: destructive effects

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What type of climate change could unite the international community

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is climate change a threat to humankind

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: past experience

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What could result in destabilization and violence?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: unite the international community,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: decades.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: compensation payments

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: destructive effects.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Without resolute counteraction,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Without resolute counteraction,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: migration,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Without resolute counteraction,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: decades.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic climate change by adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic climate change by adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic climate change

text: Climate change is a lasting variation in the global climate in response to natural and/or human factors.  Climate change, and more specifically global warming, can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, pushing saltwater into freshwater systems. Significant changes like the salinization of water push species to new locations, directly impacting global ecosystems. Climatic changes affect weather patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, and extreme weather events. These types of conditions also result in natural disasters. While climate change is not solely destructive, the negative impacts of global warming on health and agriculture are greater than the benefits for the majority of the world and increase as global temperatures rise. A two-degree rise in temperature threatens 25 percent of all plant and animal species on the planet with extinction. These climatic changes cause the most harm for the most vulnerable populations or those who lack the ability to cope with and adapt to climate change because of a lack of access to essential resources. Marginalized groups like women, children, the elderly, and the impoverished have less access to and control over resources and therefore are more negatively impacted by climate change.

text: Climate change is a lasting variation in the global climate in response to natural and/or human factors.  Climate change, and more specifically global warming, can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, pushing saltwater into freshwater systems. Significant changes like the salinization of water push species to new locations, directly impacting global ecosystems. Climatic changes affect weather patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, and extreme weather events. These types of conditions also result in natural disasters. While climate change is not solely destructive, the negative impacts of global warming on health and agriculture are greater than the benefits for the majority of the world and increase as global temperatures rise. A two-degree rise in

text: temperature

text: threatens 25 percent of all plant and animal species on the planet with

text: extinction

text: . These climatic changes cause the most harm for the most vulnerable populations or those who lack the ability to cope with and adapt to climate change because of a lack of access to essential resources. Marginalized groups like women, children, the elderly, and the impoverished have less access to and control over

text: resources

text: and therefore are more negatively impacted by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The negative impacts of global warming on health and agriculture are greater than the benefits

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather event: floods, droughts, or extreme weather events?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers to melt

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, pushing saltwater into freshwater systems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: saltwater into freshwater systems

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is a lasting variation in the global climate?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 25 percent of all plant and animal species

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many percent of all plant and animal species on the planet are threatened with extinction?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, pushing saltwater into freshwater systems?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: A two-degree rise in temperature

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers to melt

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two-degree rise in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: benefits for the majority of the world

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming, can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: benefits

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods, droughts,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: floods, droughts, and extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: species to new locations,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: floods, droughts, and extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: push species to new locations, directly impacting global ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming, can cause glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: pushing saltwater into freshwater systems.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: floods, droughts, and extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: pushing saltwater into freshwater systems.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two-degree

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise,

text: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming by looking at who is harmed by climatic change, and how, and who is responsible for the emissions that caused the warming. In practical terms this means FoEA campaigns for Australia to reduce its carbon emissions to a 'globally equitable' level whilst also agreeing to accept a quota of 'climate refugees'. In 2009 it launched the Coalition for Climate Displacement and also broadened its campaign work into state based activity against the expansion of coal mining and export.

text: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming by looking at who is harmed by climatic change, and how, and who is responsible for the emissions that caused the warming. In practical terms this means FoEA campaigns for Australia to reduce its carbon emissions to a 'globally equitable' level whilst also agreeing to accept a quota of '

text: climate refugees

text: '. In 2009 it launched the Coalition for Climate Displacement and also broadened its campaign work into state based activity against the expansion of coal mining and export.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'climate refugees'

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate refugees, and coal mining are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coal mining and export

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a climate justice perspective?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the climate justice perspective?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the FoEA campaign for?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate refugees

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Displacement

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate refugees

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'climate refugees'.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: coal mining and export.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 'climate refugees'.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming by looking at who is harmed by climatic change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming by looking at who is harmed by climatic change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Displacement

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: who is harmed by climatic change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate justice perspective addresses global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: who is harmed by climatic change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Coalition for Climate Displacement

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Coalition for Climate Displacement

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: A climate justice perspective addresses global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: who is harmed by climatic change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 'climate refugees'.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change said: "I salute the countries who made this agreement. They have all laid aside some cherished objectives of their own to meet a common purpose, a long-term solution to climate change."

text: Christiana Figueres

text: , executive secretary of the

text: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: said: "I salute the countries who made this agreement. They have all laid aside some cherished objectives of their own to meet a common purpose, a long-term solution to climate change."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a long-term solution to climate change is impossible.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: objectives of their own

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a long-term solution

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a long-term solution to climate change."

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cherished objectives of their own

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a long-term solution to climate change."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change

text: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change was published in 2004; it tracks the phenomenon of global warming and its effects on the environment and in communities.

text: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change was published in 2004; it tracks the phenomenon of global warming and its effects on the environment and in communities.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming has no effect on the environment.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2004

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming and its effects on the environment and in communities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the best title of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: c.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The answer: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming and its effects on the environment and in communities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2004;

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: communities.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Feeling the Heat:

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2004;

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming and its effects on the environment and in communities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2004;

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Feeling the Heat: Dispatches from the Frontlines of Climate Change

text: By the 1970s, scientists were becoming increasing aware that estimates of global temperatures showed cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases.  In the scientific papers which considered climate trends of the 21st century, less than 10% inclined towards future cooling, while most papers predicted future warming.  The general public had little awareness of carbon dioxide's effects on climate, but Science News in May 1959 forecast a 25% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000, with a consequent warming trend. The actual increase in this period was 29%. Paul R. Ehrlich mentioned climate change from greenhouse gases in 1968. By the time the idea of global cooling reached the public press in the mid-1970s temperatures had stopped falling, and there was concern in the climatological community about carbon dioxide's warming effects. In response to such reports, the World Meteorological Organization issued a warning in June 1976 that "a very significant warming of global climate" was probable.

text: By the 1970s, scientists were becoming increasing aware that estimates of global temperatures showed cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases.  In the scientific papers which considered climate trends of the 21st century, less than 10% inclined towards future cooling, while most papers predicted future warming.  The general public had little awareness of carbon dioxide's effects on climate, but

text: Science News

text: in May 1959 forecast a 25% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000, with a consequent warming trend. The actual increase in this period was 29%.

text: Paul R. Ehrlich

text: mentioned climate change from

text: greenhouse gases

text: in 1968. By the time the idea of global cooling reached the public press in the mid-1970s temperatures had stopped falling, and there was concern in the climatological community about

text: carbon dioxide

text: 's warming effects. In response to such reports, the

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: issued a warning in June 1976 that "a very significant warming of global climate" was probable.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the general public had little awareness of carbon dioxide's effects on climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 29%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent did the actual increase in this period be?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused global temperatures to stop falling?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What caused the possibility of large scale warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which happened first, the World Meteorological Organization issued a warning in June 1976 or Paul R. Ehrlich mentioned climate change from greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperatures showed cooling since 1945

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Paul R. Ehrlich mentioned climate change from greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the World Meteorological Organization issue a warning?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the World Meteorological Organization issued a warning in June 1976 or Paul R. Ehrlich mentioned climate change from greenhouse gases in 1968?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1945

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling since 1945

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: temperatures had stopped falling,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1945,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 29%.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "a very significant warming of global climate" was probable.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: less than 10% inclined towards future cooling, while most papers predicted future warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large scale warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "a very significant warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 29%.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: cooling since 1945,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: cooling since 1945, as well as the possibility of large scale warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1850 to 2000,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1945,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cooling since 1945,

text: The Paleoceanography group uses information gathered from sea floor sediments to discover how changes in circulation, temperature, sea ice and glacier mass have affected the global climate system throughout Earth’s history. These data from the past are used to assess present and future climate changes. The main focus of this group's research is on the Arctic Ocean and its history during the past several million years.

text: The Paleoceanography group uses information gathered from sea floor sediments to discover how changes in circulation, temperature, sea ice and glacier mass have affected the global climate system throughout Earth’s history. These data from the past are used to assess present and future climate changes. The main focus of this group's research is on the Arctic Ocean and its history during the past several million years.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Arctic Ocean has never experienced climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: several million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1400

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not used to assess present and future climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a result of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the global climate system

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in circulation, temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Arctic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a change in temperature: sea ice or glacier mass?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the main focus of this group's research?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main focus of this group's research?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the past several million years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: several million years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: million years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sea ice and glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea ice and glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in circulation, temperature,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in circulation, temperature, sea ice and glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in circulation, temperature, sea ice and glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: several million

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: temperature, sea ice and glacier mass

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: present and future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Arctic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Paleoceanography

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: throughout Earth’s history.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sea ice and glacier mass

text: Other measures affecting industry include the Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

text: Other measures affecting industry include the

text: Climate Change Levy

text: Climate Change Agreement

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the climate change levy does not affect industry.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change levy, climate change agreements

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change agreements

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: can not be explained by climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change Levy

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: industry

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: industry include the Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change Levy

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change Levy & Climate Change Agreements.

text: Here is a list of international, national, regional, and local political initiatives to take action on climate change (global warming).

text: Here is a list of international, national, regional, and local political initiatives to take action on

text: climate change

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is caused by human activities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when the Sun's surface heats up?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a political initiative?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming projections

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does global warming do to Earths climate?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: one ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are the primary cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: international, national, regional, and local political initiatives

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: international, national, regional, and local political initiatives

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: international, national, regional, and local political initiatives

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: international, national, regional, and local political initiatives

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: (global warming).

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (global warming).

text: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989, conducts research to understand the Earth's global and regional climate system and to assess and evaluate the effects of climate change caused by both human activities and nature.

text: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989, conducts research to understand the Earth's global and regional climate system and to assess and evaluate the effects of

text: climate change

text: caused by both human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human activities are the only cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1989

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change caused by both human activities and nature

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "ASRC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be caused by both human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the Earth's global and regional climate system

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in November 1989

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1989,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1989,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Earth's global and regional climate system

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nature.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Earth's global and regional climate system

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Earth's global and regional climate system

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change caused by both human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1989,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1989,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Climate System Sciences Section of ASRC, started in November 1989,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: assess and evaluate the effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities and nature.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1989,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global and regional climate system

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: In time, thanks to the refinement of geology, it has been demonstrated that there were several periods of glacial advance and retreat and that past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In particular, the Milankovitch cycles of Milutin Milankovitch are based on the premise that variations in incoming solar radiation are a fundamental factor controlling Earth's climate.

text: In time, thanks to the refinement of geology, it has been demonstrated that there were several periods of glacial advance and retreat and that past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In particular, the

text: Milankovitch cycles

text: of

text: Milutin Milankovitch

text: are based on the premise that variations in incoming

text: solar radiation

text: are a fundamental factor controlling Earth's climate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: very different

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a fundamental factor controlling what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for incoming solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial advance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It has been demonstrated that past temperatures on Earth were very different from today

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a fundamental factor controlling Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It has been demonstrated that past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial advance

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: past temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: today.In

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: today.In

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: incoming solar radiation are a fundamental factor controlling Earth's climate.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: several

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: variations in incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: today.In

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: today.In

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial advance and retreat

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: past temperatures on Earth were very different from today.In

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles

text: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities play a role in speeding up this change. But there are consequences. Learn more about how climate change affects our health.

text: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities play a role in speeding up this change. But there are consequences. Learn more about how climate change affects our health.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human activities are not responsible for climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change affects our health

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change affects our health

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How does climate change affect our health?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What is a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period was a long period of time.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change affects our health.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities play a role in speeding up this change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: health.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change affects our health.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Earth's climate is changing ever faster, and human activities

text: Tests have been done on the velocity of these large bifaces, and it has been clearly shown that they are capable of wounding and killing modern elephants. The occurrence of tool marks, and bifaces found at kill sites leaves no doubt that Clovis people did in fact kill and hunt mastodons, mammoths, camel, horses, and bison. But could this hunting have caused the mass extinction that came at the end of the Pleistocene, or was it the climate change that did it? A third theory is also emerging, that the colonists and possibly domesticated dogs brought disease with them that caused this extinction.

text: Tests have been done on the velocity of these large bifaces, and it has been clearly shown that they are capable of wounding and killing modern elephants. The occurrence of tool marks, and bifaces found at kill sites leaves no doubt that

text: Clovis people

text: did in fact kill and hunt

text: mastodon

text: s,

text: mammoth

text: s, camel, horses, and bison. But could this hunting have caused the mass extinction that came at the end of the

text: Pleistocene

text: , or was it the

text: climate change

text: that did it? A third theory is also emerging, that the colonists and possibly domesticated dogs brought disease with them that caused this extinction.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the colonists and possibly domesticated dogs brought disease with them that caused this extinction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be found at kill sites

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the mass extinction that came at the end of the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What caused the mass extinction?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: domesticated dogs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could have caused the mass extinction

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: mass extinction

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What may have caused the mass extinction that came at the end of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the mass extinction that came at the end of the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: domesticated dogs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene,

text: In the context of the US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change (National Assessment on Climate Change) published in 2000, which was part of the US Global Change Research Program (Global Change Research Act), the National Ecology Institute of the National University of Mexico (UNAM) carried out a study on Impacts of Climate Change and Climate Variability in Mexico for the Mexican Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. According to the study Mexico will experience less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter. The report also details predicted impact by regions. For example, in the Lerma-Chapala basin the predicted increase in temperature coupled with a decrease in rainfall could result in severe water supply shortages, exacerbated by growth in population and industries. In northern areas and regions with large populations, especially in Central Mexico erosion and drought severity will increase with higher temperatures and rainfall variations in these arid and semi arid regions. Agricultural practices may also have to change, with a severe drought in Chihuahua in 2012, which some scientists attribute to climate change, leading to 350,000 head of cattle starving to death due to a shortage of pasture caused by a lack of rain.

text: In the context of the US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change (

text: National Assessment on Climate Change

text: ) published in 2000, which was part of the US Global Change Research Program (

text: Global Change Research Act

text: ), the National Ecology Institute of the National University of Mexico (UNAM) carried out a study on Impacts of Climate Change and Climate Variability in Mexico for the Mexican Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. According to the study Mexico will experience less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter. The report also details predicted impact by regions. For example, in the Lerma-Chapala basin the predicted increase in temperature coupled with a decrease in rainfall could result in severe water supply shortages, exacerbated by growth in population and industries. In northern areas and regions with large populations, especially in Central Mexico erosion and drought severity will increase with higher temperatures and rainfall variations in these arid and semi arid regions. Agricultural practices may also have to change, with a severe drought in Chihuahua in 2012, which some scientists attribute to climate change, leading to 350,000 head of cattle starving to death due to a shortage of pasture caused by a lack of rain.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Agricultural practices may also have to change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: predicted increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the main causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Agricultural practices may also have to change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climatological phenomenon that causes droughts in Mexico?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during winter

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a region: Lerma-Chapala basin or Central Mexico?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: According to the study Mexico will experience less or normal summer precipitation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a lack of rain.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: less

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: severe water supply shortages,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: growth in population and industries.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Agricultural practices

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: severe water supply shortages,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Variability

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: severe water supply shortages,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: severe water supply shortages,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: winter.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: less or normal summer precipitation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation during winter.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: less or normal summer precipitation and increased precipitation during winter.

text: Angle does not believe in man-made global warming. "I'm a clean-air proponent," she stated. "I don't, however, buy into the whole man-caused global warming, man-caused climate change mantra of the left. I believe that there's not sound science to back that up."

text: Angle does not believe in man-made

text: global warming

text: . "I'm a clean-air proponent," she stated. "I don't, however, buy into the whole man-caused global warming, man-caused climate change mantra of

text: the left

text: . I believe that there's not sound science to back that up."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: man-caused global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the year 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Angle believe to be the cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: man-caused global warming, man-caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: clean-air

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: clean-air

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Angle does not believe in man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Angle does not believe in man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Angle does not believe in man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: there's not sound science to back that up."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sound science to back that up."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sound science to back that up."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: sound science to back that up."

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: man-caused global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: man-made global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: man-made global warming.

text: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change and has stated that he believes global warming is occurring but he believes that human production of carbon dioxide is not the cause. Ball rejects not only greenhouse gas–induced climate change but the existence of the greenhouse effect itself.

text: Ball has said he opposes the

text: scientific opinion on climate change

text: and has stated that he believes global warming is occurring but he believes that human production of

text: carbon dioxide

text: is not the cause. Ball rejects not only greenhouse gas–induced climate change but the existence of the

text: greenhouse effect

text: itself.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human production of carbon dioxide is not the cause

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Ball rejects

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are not the cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Ball believe is the cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Ball believes is the cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human production of carbon dioxide is not the cause.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: he believes global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change and has stated that he believes global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human production of carbon dioxide is not the cause.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change and has stated that he believes global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Ball has said he opposes the scientific opinion on climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: he believes global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human production of carbon dioxide is not the cause.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse effect

text: Although many of these corporations have now become interested in halting climate change by 2050 through USCAP, both Yvo de Boer, UN Climate Chief and the EU have heavily criticized this long term plan for reductions as offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

text: Although many of these corporations have now become interested in halting climate change by 2050 through USCAP, both

text: Yvo de Boer

text: , UN Climate Chief and the EU have heavily criticized this long term plan for reductions as offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: corporations have become interested in halting climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is Yvo de Boer's job?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Yvo de Boer and the EU have heavily criticized

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Yvo de Boer

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Yvo de Boer

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: halting climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: corporations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: short or mid-term solutions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no short or mid-term solutions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: offering no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change by 2050

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no short or mid-term solutions to the immediate problems of climate change.

text: This is a list of the 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, which was the 996 page contribution of Working Group I to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.  Their report describes the causes and climate consequences of global warming.

text: This is a list of the 620 authors contributing to

text: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis

text: , which was the 996 page contribution of

entity_section: Working Group I (WGI): The Physical Science Basis

text: Working Group I

text: to the

entity_name: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: IPCC

text: Fourth Assessment Report

text: .  Their report describes the causes and climate consequences of

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is caused by human activities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sunspots are a type of solar storm that occurs when the Sun's magnetic field reaches Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Working Group I

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Working Group I

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The physical basis of climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Working Group I

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Working Group I

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pacific Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: causes and climate consequences of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007:

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: causes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Working Group I to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 620

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 620 authors contributing to Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: There is evidence that geomagnetic excursions may be associated with episodes of rapid short-term climatic cooling during periods of continental glaciation (ice ages).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rampino|first=Michael R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume, geomagnetic excursions, and the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit|journal=Geology|year=1979|volume=7|issue=12|pages=584–587|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7

text: There is evidence that geomagnetic excursions may be associated with episodes of rapid short-term climatic cooling during periods of continental glaciation (

text: ice age

text: s).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rampino|first=Michael R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume, geomagnetic excursions, and the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit|journal=Geology|year=1979|volume=7|issue=12|pages=584–587|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages are caused by global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ref name="Sunspot">/ref>

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all contributing to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: geomagnetic excursions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be associated with episodes of rapid short-term climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rapid short-term climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during periods of continental glaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Geomagnetic excursions may be associated with episodes of rapid short-term climatic cooling during periods of continental glaciation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperature is 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cite journal|last=Rampino|first=Michael R.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents may cause plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earth's temperature would increase if there was an enormous volcanic eruption.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon dioxide has been increasing for many decades

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: orbit|journal=Geology|year=1979|volume=7|issue=12|pages=584–587|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: orbit|journal=Geology|year=1979|volume=7|issue=12|pages=584–587|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: geomagnetic excursions

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eccentricity of the Earth's orbit|journal=Geology|year=1979|volume=7|issue=12|pages=584–587|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: geomagnetic excursions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: journal|last=Rampino|first=Michael

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: periods of continental glaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continental glaciation (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: continental glaciation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: geomagnetic excursions

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: geomagnetic excursions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: R.|title=Possible relationships between changes in global ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (ice ages).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: continental glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (ice ages).

text: Another worker, William Ruddiman, has suggested a model that explains the 100,000-year cycle by the modulating effect of eccentricity (weak 100,000-year cycle) on precession (26,000-year cycle) combined with greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles. Yet another theory has been advanced by Peter Huybers who argued that the 41,000-year cycle has always been dominant, but that the Earth has entered a mode of climate behavior where only the second or third cycle triggers an ice age. This would imply that the 100,000-year periodicity is really an illusion created by averaging together cycles lasting 80,000 and 120,000 years. This theory is consistent with a simple empirical multi-state model proposed by Didier Paillard. Paillard suggests that the late Pleistocene glacial cyclescan be seen as jumps between three quasi-stable climate states. The jumps are induced by the orbital forcing, while in the early Pleistocene the 41,000-year glacial cycles resulted from jumps between only two climate states. A dynamicalmodel explaining this behavior was proposed by Peter Ditlevsen. This is in support of the suggestion that the late Pleistocene glacial cycles are not due to the weak 100,000-year eccentricity cycle, but a non-linear response to mainly the 41,000-year obliquity cycle.

text: Another worker,

text: William Ruddiman

text: , has suggested a model that explains the 100,000-year cycle by the

text: modulating

text: effect of eccentricity (weak 100,000-year cycle) on precession (26,000-year cycle) combined with greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles. Yet another theory has been advanced by

text: Peter Huybers

text: who argued that the 41,000-year cycle has always been dominant, but that the Earth has entered a mode of climate behavior where only the second or third cycle triggers an ice age. This would imply that the 100,000-year periodicity is really an illusion created by averaging together cycles lasting 80,000 and 120,000 years. This theory is consistent with a simple empirical multi-state model proposed by

text: Didier Paillard

text: . Paillard suggests that the late Pleistocene glacial cyclescan be seen as jumps between three quasi-stable climate states. The jumps are induced by the

text: orbit

text: al forcing, while in the early Pleistocene the 41,000-year glacial cycles resulted from jumps between only two climate states. A dynamicalmodel explaining this behavior was proposed by Peter Ditlevsen. This is in support of the suggestion that the late

text: Pleistocene

text: glacial cycles are not due to the weak 100,000-year eccentricity cycle, but a non-linear response to mainly the 41,000-year obliquity cycle.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the 41,000-year cycle has always been dominant

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: between three quasi-stable climate states

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 41,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the orbital forcing: orbital forcing, orbital forcing, or orbital forcing?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be seen as jumps between two climate states

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: jumps between three quasi-stable climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the 41,000-year cycle

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of feedback?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The jumps are induced by the orbital forcing

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The jumps are induced by the orbital forcing

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the 100,000-year periodicity

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: three quasi-stable climate states.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: orbital forcing,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: precession

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: only the second or third cycle triggers an ice age.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: the second or third cycle triggers an ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: orbital forcing,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks in the 41,000- and 26,000-year cycles.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse gas feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2eq) is a unit used by the UN climate change panel, IPCC, to measure the effect of a technology or process on global warming.

text: A gigatonne of

text: Carbon dioxide equivalent

text: (GtCO2eq) is a unit used by the UN climate change panel,

text: IPCC

text: , to measure the effect of a technology or process on

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is caused by human activities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are measured in gtCO2eq

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be used to measure the effect of a technology?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GtCO2eq is used to measure the effect of a technology on global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: technology

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be measured in gtCO2eq

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does GtCO2eq mean?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does GtCO2eq mean?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: GtCO2eq

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: GtCO2eq

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what is the first group of organisms mentioned?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: GtCO2eq

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a technology or process on global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Carbon dioxide equivalent

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: A gigatonne

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: technology

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: A gigatonne

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: A gigatonne

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: A gigatonne

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2eq)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: A gigatonne

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2eq)

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: A gigatonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2eq)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: The ACRIM2 instrument on the UARS satellite measured the total solar irradiance (TSI), the total solar radiant energy reaching Earth, continuing the climate change database begun in 1980 by the ACRIM1 experiment on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). The ACRIM1 experiment's results provided the first discoveries of intrinsic variations in the TSI and their relationships to solar magnetic activity phenomena. ACRIM experiments have confirmed TSI variation occurs on virtually every timescale from their 2-minute observation cadence to the decades-long length of the TSI record to date. A precise knowledge of the TSI and its variation over time is essential to understanding climate change. Recent findings indicate that instrinsic TSI variation has had a much larger role (up to 50%) in global warming during the industrial era than previously predicted by global circulation models (GCM’s). The profound sociological and economic implications of understanding the relative climate change contributions of natural and anthropogenic forcings makes it essential that the TSI database, a critical component of climate change research, be carefully sustained into the foreseeable future. The UARS/ACRIM2 experiment was an important part of providing the long term TSI database.

text: The ACRIM2 instrument on the UARS satellite measured the total solar irradiance (TSI), the total solar radiant energy reaching Earth, continuing the climate change database begun in 1980 by the ACRIM1 experiment on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). The ACRIM1 experiment's results provided the first discoveries of intrinsic variations in the TSI and their relationships to solar magnetic activity phenomena. ACRIM experiments have confirmed TSI variation occurs on virtually every timescale from their 2-minute observation cadence to the decades-long length of the TSI record to date. A precise knowledge of the TSI and its variation over time is essential to understanding climate change. Recent findings indicate that instrinsic TSI variation has had a much larger role (up to 50%) in global warming during the industrial era than previously predicted by global circulation models (GCM’s). The profound sociological and economic implications of understanding the relative climate change contributions of natural and anthropogenic forcings makes it essential that the TSI database, a critical component of climate change research, be carefully sustained into the foreseeable future. The UARS/ACRIM2 experiment was an important part of providing the long term TSI database.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global circulation models (GCM’s)

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: up to 50%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an anthropogenic forcing: natural or anthropogenic?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming has had a much larger role (up to 50%) in what during the industrial era?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic forcings

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar magnetic activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the instrument that measured the total solar irradiance (TSI)?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: on virtually every timescale

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does the ACRIM2 instrument measure total solar irradiance?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does this affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: up to 50%

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: A precise knowledge of the TSI and its variation over time is essential to understanding climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Solar Maximum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: up to 50%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ACRIM experiments have confirmed TSI variation occurs on virtually every timescale

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global circulation models

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (up to 50%)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar magnetic activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: instrinsic TSI variation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: instrinsic TSI variation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global circulation models

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The ACRIM2

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The ACRIM2

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The ACRIM2

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global circulation models

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: (up to 50%) in global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: instrinsic TSI variation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: industrial era

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: industrial era

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global circulation models

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: (up to 50%) in global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming

text: Chameides is an outspoken global warming activist, and has testified before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space and Technology on the matter. In his testimony, delivered on April 25, 2013, he said that global warming is occurring, is primarily caused by human activity, and that it will have many negative effects on the United States, including, but not limited to, "more intense and frequent heat waves, risks to coastal communities from sea level rise, greater drying of the arid Southwest, and increased public health risks." He currently runs a blog on the Nicholas School of the Environment website called "The Green Grok," and has also blogged about global warming and other environmental issues on the Huffington Post and for Popular Science. Chameides has also written about the economics of climate change mitigation for both Science and for The Guardian. Additionally, after Joe Bastardi claimed on Fox News Channel that carbon dioxide can't cause global warming because of the first law of thermodynamics and Le Chatelier's principle, Media Matters for America contacted Chameides by email, who referred to Bastardi's claims as "utter nonsense." He has also, along with Alan Leshner, criticized the North Carolina government's proposal of a law in response to a report stating that sea levels were projected to rise about 39 inches over the next century. In an article for the News & Observer, they accused the law's supporters of trying to "disregard projections of sea level rise" and trying to "outlaw climate change." The law, which would prevent the government from using sea-level data based on anything except "historical data" for the next four years, was passed despite Chameides' objections. He has also criticized the cash for clunkers program by pointing out that, while one of its goals is to decrease CO emissions by promoting the purchase of more fuel-efficient cars, manufacturing new cars results in the production of carbon dioxide—he puts the figure at between 3 and 12 tons per car. He has also calculated that trading in a clunker that gets 18 mpg for a new car that gets 22 mpg would necessitate 5 and a half years of typical driving to offset the car's carbon footprint. Chameides has also written about other environmental issues, like chemicals used in certain consumer products. For example, when interviewed by the Taipei Times about the safety of optical brighteners in laundry detergent, he said that scientific studies on the topic have been "inconclusive."

text: Chameides is an outspoken global warming activist, and has testified before the

text: U.S. House of Representatives

text: ' Committee on Science, Space and Technology on the matter. In his testimony, delivered on April 25, 2013, he said that global warming is occurring, is primarily caused by human activity, and that it will have many negative effects on the United States, including, but not limited to, "more intense and frequent heat waves, risks to coastal communities from sea level rise, greater drying of the arid Southwest, and increased public health risks." He currently runs a blog on the Nicholas School of the Environment website called "The Green Grok," and has also blogged about global warming and other environmental issues on the

text: Huffington Post

text: and for

text: Popular Science

text: . Chameides has also written about the

text: economics of climate change mitigation

text: for both

text: Science

text: and for

text: The Guardian

text: . Additionally, after

text: Joe Bastardi

text: claimed on

text: Fox News Channel

text: that carbon dioxide can't cause global warming because of the

text: first law of thermodynamics

text: and

text: Le Chatelier's principle

text: Media Matters for America

text: contacted Chameides by email, who referred to Bastardi's claims as "utter nonsense." He has also, along with

text: Alan Leshner

text: , criticized the North Carolina government's proposal of a law in response to a report stating that sea levels were projected to rise about 39 inches over the next century. In an article for the News & Observer, they accused the law's supporters of trying to "disregard projections of sea level rise" and trying to "outlaw climate change." The law, which would prevent the government from using sea-level data based on anything except "historical data" for the next four years, was passed despite Chameides' objections. He has also criticized the

text: cash for clunkers

text: program by pointing out that, while one of its goals is to decrease CO emissions by promoting the purchase of more fuel-efficient cars, manufacturing new cars results in the production of carbon dioxide—he puts the figure at between 3 and 12 tons per car. He has also calculated that trading in a clunker that gets 18 mpg for a new car that gets 22 mpg would necessitate 5 and a half years of typical driving to offset the car's carbon footprint. Chameides has also written about other environmental issues, like chemicals used in certain consumer products. For example, when interviewed by the

text: Taipei Times

text: about the safety of

text: optical brightener

text: s in laundry detergent, he said that scientific studies on the topic have been "inconclusive."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: carbon dioxide can't cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: manufacturing new cars results in the production of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: more intense and frequent heat waves

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change activist?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more intense and frequent heat waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia occurs

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Chameides is an outspoken global warming activist

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more intense and frequent heat waves

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Green Grok

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Chameides has also written about the economics of climate change mitigation for both Science and for The Guardian.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: about 39 inches over the next century

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: carbon dioxide can't cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 39 inches

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: cash for clunkers

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide—he

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: carbon dioxide—he

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is occurring, is primarily caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "historical data"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: carbon dioxide—he

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cash for clunkers

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: manufacturing new cars results in the production of carbon dioxide—he

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tardi's

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "more intense and frequent heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Bastardi's claims as "utter nonsense."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: public health risks."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Chameides'

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Chameides

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Chameides'

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: manufacturing new cars results in the production of carbon dioxide—he

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Chameides'

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Bastardi's claims as "utter nonsense."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cash for clunkers

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Chameides'

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Chameides'

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "utter nonsense."

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cash for clunkers

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "utter nonsense."

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 39 inches

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Chameides'

text: There is no widely accepted theory for the cause of Olson's Extinction. Recent research has indicated that climate change may be a possible cause. Extreme environments were observed from the Permian of Kansas which resulted from a combination of hot climate and acidic waters particularly coincident with Olson’s Extinction. Whether this climate change was a result of Earth's natural processes or exacerbated by another event is unknown.

text: There is no widely accepted theory for the cause of Olson's Extinction. Recent research has indicated that climate change may be a possible cause. Extreme environments were observed from the Permian of Kansas which resulted from a combination of hot climate and acidic waters particularly coincident with Olson’s Extinction. Whether this climate change was a result of Earth's natural processes or exacerbated by another event is unknown.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Olson's Extinction was caused by global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Olson's Extinction?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Olson's Extinction?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change may be a possible cause of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's natural processes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is not mentioned in the text.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a combination of hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Earth's natural processes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Olson's Extinction?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Olson's Extinction?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the Permian of Kansas

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a combination of hot climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a result of Earth's natural processes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unknown.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change may be a possible cause. Extreme environments

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's natural processes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Olson's Extinction.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Whether this climate change was a result of Earth's natural processes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unknown.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change may be a possible cause.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: exacerbated by another event

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Permian of Kansas

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: hot climate and acidic waters

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Extreme environments

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Permian of Kansas

text: At the end of the last Ice Age, between 8000–7000 BCE Kentucky's climate stabilized, leading to a rise in population and technology advances, resulting in more sedentary lifestyle. This warming trend killed the Pleistocene big game megafauna, such as the mammoth, mastodon, giant beavers, tapirs, short faced bear, giant ground sloths, saber-toothed tiger, horse, bison, musk ox, stag-moose, and peccary, all of which were native to Kentucky during the Ice Age, became extinct or moved north as the glacial ice retreated.

text: At the end of the last

text: Ice Age

text: , between 8000–7000 BCE Kentucky's climate stabilized, leading to a rise in population and technology advances, resulting in more sedentary lifestyle. This warming trend killed the

text: Pleistocene

text: big game

text: megafauna

text: , such as the

text: mammoth

text: mastodon

text: giant beavers

text: tapirs

text: short faced bear

text: giant ground sloths

text: saber-toothed tiger

text: horse

text: bison

text: musk ox

text: stag-moose

text: , and

text: peccary

text: , all of which were native to Kentucky during the Ice Age, became extinct or moved north as the glacial ice retreated.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Pleistocene big game megafauna became extinct

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused the Pleistocene big game megafauna to disappear?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: population and technology advances

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: big game megafauna

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could have caused Kentucky's climate to stabilize

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Kentucky's climate stabilized, leading to a rise in population

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: between 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What happened to Kentucky's climate during the last Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What happened to the Pleistocene big game megafauna?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of movement: glacial ice retreated, glacial ice retreated, or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for Kentucky's climate stabilization?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming trend

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kentucky's climate stabilized,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: technology advances,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: killed the Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: killed the Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial ice retreated.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene big game megafauna,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: At the end of the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 8000–7000 BCE

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age,

text: The potential dangers of global warming are being increasingly studied by a wide global consortium of scientists. These scientists are increasingly concerned about the potential long-term effects of global warming on our natural environment and on the planet. Of particular concern is how climate change and global warming caused by anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide, can act interactively, and have adverse effects upon the planet, its natural environment and humans' existence. It is clear the planet is warming, and warming rapidly.–This warming is also responsible for the extinction of natural habitats,which in turn leads to a reduction in wildlife population.The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the group of the leading climate scientists in the world) concluded that the earth will warm anywhere from 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 to 6 degrees Celsius) between 1990 and 2100.Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming. Some examples of recent collaboration to address climate change and global warming include:

text: The potential dangers of

text: global warming

text: are being increasingly studied by a wide global consortium of scientists. These scientists are increasingly concerned about the potential long-term effects of global warming on our natural environment and on the planet. Of particular concern is how

text: climate change

text: and global warming caused by

text: anthropogenic

text: , or human-made releases of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, most notably

text: carbon dioxide

text: , can act interactively, and have adverse effects upon the planet, its natural environment and humans' existence. It is clear the planet is warming, and warming rapidly.–This warming is also responsible for the extinction of natural habitats,which in turn leads to a reduction in wildlife population.The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the group of the leading climate scientists in the world) concluded that the earth will warm anywhere from 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 to 6 degrees Celsius) between 1990 and 2100.Efforts have been increasingly focused on the

text: mitigation

text: of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on

text: developing adaptative strategies

text: to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and

text: nation

text: s in adjusting to the

text: effects of global warming

text: . Some examples of recent collaboration to address climate change and global warming include:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the earth will not warm between 1990 and 2100

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide is a type of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, and carbon dioxide are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of natural habitats

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is clear the planet is warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees Celsius cooler was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not an example of glaciers covering much of North America?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not the effect of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It is clear the planet is warming, and warming rapidly

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wildlife population.The

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990 and 2100.Efforts

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildlife population.The

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extinction of natural habitats,which

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extinction of natural habitats,which

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1990 and 2100.Efforts

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: humans' existence.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 to 6 degrees Celsius)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: adaptative strategies to global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2.7 to almost 11 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 to 6 degrees Celsius)

text: Voris also criticized the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops for launching the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change in 2006 (which sent out teaching materials to all Catholic schools in the US which encouraged school children to reduce their carbon footprints), and the Catholic Climate Covenant in 2009 which encouraged Catholics to take a "St. Francis Pledge". The person taking the pledge promises to "Pray and reflect on the duty to care for God’s Creation and protect the poor and vulnerable. Learn about and educate others on the causes and moral dimensions of climate change. Assess how we—as individuals and in our families, parishes and other affiliations—contribute to climate change by our own energy use, consumption, waste, etc. Act to change our choices and behaviors to reduce the ways we contribute to climate change. Advocate for Catholic principles and priorities in climate change discussions and decisions, especially as they impact those who are poor and vulnerable." Voris declared, "This is total propaganda. It blindly accepts all of the nonsense put out by the Climate Change crowd...it's disingenuous to pass this off as if it's the truth and accepted Catholic teaching." He took umbrage that the Bishops called for Sunday homilies that coincided with Earth Day to be about climate change "during the sacrifice of the Holy Mass", and suggested petitions be given at Mass to call for divine assistance in using "our technological inventiveness to undo the damage we have done to Your creation". Voris declared such moves by the Bishops' groups as "offensive to religious sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie or at best a mistake. You don't get to do this."

text: Voris also criticized the

entity_name: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

text: for launching the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change in 2006 (which sent out teaching materials to all Catholic schools in the US which encouraged school children to reduce their

text: carbon footprint

text: s), and the Catholic Climate Covenant in 2009 which encouraged Catholics to take a "St. Francis Pledge". The person taking the pledge promises to "Pray and reflect on the duty to care for God’s Creation and protect the poor and vulnerable. Learn about and educate others on the causes and moral dimensions of climate change. Assess how we—as individuals and in our families, parishes and other affiliations—contribute to climate change by our own energy use, consumption, waste, etc. Act to change our choices and behaviors to reduce the ways we contribute to climate change. Advocate for Catholic principles and priorities in climate change discussions and decisions, especially as they impact those who are poor and vulnerable." Voris declared, "This is total propaganda. It blindly accepts all of the nonsense put out by the Climate Change crowd...it's disingenuous to pass this off as if it's the truth and accepted Catholic teaching." He took umbrage that the Bishops called for Sunday homilies that coincided with

text: Earth Day

text: to be about climate change "during the sacrifice of the

text: Holy Mass

text: ", and suggested petitions be given at Mass to call for divine assistance in using "our technological inventiveness to undo the damage we have done to Your creation". Voris declared such moves by the Bishops' groups as "offensive to religious sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie or at best a mistake. You don't get to do this."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Catholics to take a "St. Francis Pledge"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the Catholic Climate Covenant?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the Catholic Climate Covenant encourage Catholics to do?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What does the Catholic Climate Covenant encourage Catholics to do?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon footprints

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the poor and vulnerable

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which event happened first, the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change or the Catholic Climate Covenant

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the Catholic Climate Covenant?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the Catholic Climate Covenant?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the Catholic Climate Covenant?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's disingenuous to pass this off

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Earth Day

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: nonsense

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon footprints),

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: energy use, consumption, waste,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Holy Mass",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: US which encouraged school children to reduce their carbon footprints),

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Voris

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: it's the truth and accepted Catholic teaching."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Voris

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Voris

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Voris

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Catholic Coalition on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Voris

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sensibilities...passing off as a truth something which is a lie

text: In 2008, Farley wrote: "... examine the change in temperature and solar forcing between glaciation (ice age) and interglacial (no ice age) periods. The change in temperature, revealed in ice core samples, is 5 °C, while the change in solar forcing is 7.1 W/m. The computed climate sensitivity is therefore 5/7.1 = 0.7 K(W/m). We can use this empirically derived climate sensitivity to predict the temperature rise from a forcing of 4 W/m, arising from a doubling of the atmospheric  from pre-industrial levels. The result is a predicted temperature increase of 3 °C."

text: In 2008, Farley wrote: "... examine the change in temperature and solar forcing between

text: glaciation

text: (ice age) and

text: interglacial

text: (no ice age) periods. The change in temperature, revealed in

text: ice core

text: samples, is 5 °C, while the change in solar forcing is 7.1 W/m. The computed climate sensitivity is therefore 5/7.1 = 0.7 K(W/m). We can use this empirically derived climate sensitivity to predict the temperature rise from a forcing of 4 W/m, arising from a doubling of the atmospheric  from pre-industrial levels. The result is a predicted temperature increase of 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the sun's heat

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: doubling of the atmospheric

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: change in temperature and solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the result of a forcing of 4 W/m?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate sensitivity affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 7.1 W/m

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 5 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 5 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: (no ice age)

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: a doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age)

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: a doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: doubling

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: interglacial (no ice age)

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 °C,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 7.1 W/m.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 7.1 W/m.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice core samples, is 5 °C,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: doubling of the atmospheric from pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 3 °C."

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 5 °C,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (ice age)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 5 °C,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (ice age) and interglacial (no ice age)

text: In 2009, Business Insider cited Lomborg as one of "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics". While Lomborg campaigned against the Kyoto Protocol and other measures to cut carbon emissions in the short-term, he argued for adaptation to short-term temperature rises, and for spending money on research and development for longer-term environmental solutions. His issue is not with the reality of climate change, but rather with the economic and political approaches being taken (or not taken) to meet the challenges of that climate change. He is a strong advocate for focusing attention and resources on what he perceives as far more pressing world problems, such as AIDS, malaria and malnutrition. In his critique of the 2012 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Lomborg stated: "Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat."  In 2011 and 2012, Lomborg was named a Top 100 Global Thinker by Foreign Policy "for looking more right than ever on the politics of climate change".

text: In 2009,

text: Business Insider

text: cited Lomborg as one of "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics". While Lomborg campaigned against the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: and other measures to cut carbon emissions in the short-term, he argued for adaptation to short-term temperature rises, and for spending money on research and development for longer-term environmental solutions. His issue is not with the reality of climate change, but rather with the economic and political approaches being taken (or not taken) to meet the challenges of that climate change. He is a strong advocate for focusing attention and resources on what he perceives as far more pressing world problems, such as AIDS, malaria and malnutrition. In his critique of the 2012

text: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

text: , Lomborg stated: "Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat."  In 2011 and 2012, Lomborg was named a Top 100 Global Thinker by

text: Foreign Policy

text: "for looking more right than ever on the politics of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: short-term temperature rises

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What was Lomborg campaigned against?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What was Lomborg's issue with the reality of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming is by no means our main environmental threat

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was Lomborg campaigning against?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature rises

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Lomborg's issue?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature rises

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: short-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: AIDS,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adaptation to short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Lomborg

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Lomborg

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat."

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: short-term temperature rises,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: short-term temperature rises,

text: Literature assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the US Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) have considered the possibility of future projected climate change leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane. The IPCC Third Assessment Report, published in 2001, looked at possible rapid increases in methane due either to reductions in the atmospheric chemical sink or from the release of buried methane reservoirs. In both cases, it was judged that such a release would be "exceptionally unlikely"(less than a 1% chance, based on expert judgement).The CCSP assessment, published in 2008, concluded that an abrupt release of methane into the atmosphere appeared "very unlikely"(less than 10% probability, based on expert judgement).The CCSP assessment, however, noted that climate change would "very likely" (greater than 90% probability, based on expert judgement) accelerate the pace of persistent emissions from both hydrate sources and wetlands.

text: Literature

text: assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the US

text: Climate Change Science Program

text: (CCSP) have considered the possibility of future

text: projected climate change

text: leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane. The

text: IPCC Third Assessment Report

text: , published in 2001, looked at possible rapid increases in methane due either to reductions in the atmospheric chemical sink or from the release of buried methane reservoirs. In both cases, it was judged that such a release would be "exceptionally unlikely"(less than a 1% chance, based on expert judgement).The CCSP assessment, published in 2008, concluded that an abrupt release of methane into the atmosphere appeared "very unlikely"(less than 10% probability, based on expert judgement).The CCSP assessment, however, noted that climate change would "very likely" (greater than 90% probability, based on expert judgement) accelerate the pace of persistent emissions from both hydrate sources and wetlands.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago was the IPCC Third Assessment Report published?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "CCSP" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change would "very likely" accelerate the pace of persistent emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wetlands

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wetlands

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could cause a rapid increase in atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: wetlands

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How would a release of methane into the atmosphere appear "very unlikely"?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: hydrate sources

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "exceptionally unlikely"(less

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unlikely"(less than a 1%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: wetlands.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: hydrate sources and wetlands.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions from both hydrate sources and wetlands.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hydrate sources and wetlands.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Literature assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "exceptionally unlikely"(less

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: methane.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: methane.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: hydrate

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: a rapid increase in atmospheric methane.

text: While researchers acknowledge there are possible benefits of global warming, most agree that the negative consequences of climate change will outweigh any potential benefits and instead the shifting climate will result in more benefits to developed countries and more detriments to developing countries; exacerbating the discrepancy between wealthy and impoverished nations.  By thoughtful and proactive efforts, climate change can be mitigated by addressing these issues with a multidisciplinary approach that works on a global, national and community basis that recognizes the uniqueness of each country’s situation. 	According to a study of East Africa’s smallholder farms, impacts of climate change on agriculture are already being seen there resulting in changes to farming practices such as intercropping, crop, soil, land, water and livestock management systems, and introduction of new technologies and seed varieties by some of the farmers. Some other suggestions such as eliminating supply chain and household food waste, encouraging diverse and vegetable-rich diets, and providing global access to foods (food aid programs) have been suggested as ways to adapt. Many researchers agree that agricultural innovation is essential to addressing the potential issues of climate change. This includes better management of soil, water-saving technology, matching crops to environments, introducing different crop varieties, crop rotations, appropriate fertilization use, and supporting community-based adaptation strategies.  On a government and global level, research and investments into agricultural productivity and infrastructure must be done to get a better picture of the issues involved and the best methods to address them. Government policies and programs must provide environmentally sensitive government subsidies, educational campaigns and economic incentives as well as funds, insurance and safety nets for vulnerable populations.  In addition, providing early warning systems, and accurate weather forecasts to poor or remote areas will allow for better preparation; by using and sharing the available technology, the global issue of climate change can be addressed and mitigated by the global community.

text: While researchers acknowledge there are possible

text: benefits of global warming

text: , most agree that the negative consequences of climate change will outweigh any potential benefits and instead the shifting climate will result in more benefits to developed countries and more detriments to developing countries; exacerbating the discrepancy between wealthy and impoverished nations.  By thoughtful and proactive efforts, climate change can be mitigated by addressing these issues with a

text: multidisciplinary approach

text: that works on a

text: global

text: nation

text: al and

text: community

text: basis that recognizes the uniqueness of each country’s situation. 	According to a study of

text: East Africa

text: ’s smallholder farms, impacts of climate change on agriculture are already being seen there resulting in changes to farming practices such as

text: intercropping

text: , crop, soil, land, water and livestock management systems, and introduction of new technologies and seed varieties by some of the farmers. Some other suggestions such as eliminating

text: supply chain

text: and household food waste, encouraging diverse and vegetable-rich diets, and providing global access to foods (

text: food aid

text: programs) have been suggested as ways to adapt. Many researchers agree that agricultural innovation is essential to addressing the potential issues of climate change. This includes better management of soil, water-saving technology, matching crops to environments, introducing different crop varieties, crop rotations, appropriate

text: fertilization

text: use, and supporting community-based adaptation strategies.  On a government and global level, research and investments into

text: agricultural productivity

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: must be done to get a better picture of the issues involved and the best methods to address them.

text: Government policies

text: and programs must provide environmentally sensitive government

text: subsidies

text: , educational campaigns and economic incentives as well as funds,

text: insurance

text: and safety nets for vulnerable populations.  In addition, providing

text: early warning systems

text: , and accurate

text: weather forecasts

text: to poor or remote areas will allow for better preparation; by using and sharing the available technology, the global issue of climate change can be addressed and mitigated by the global community.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the shifting climate will result in more benefits to developed countries

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What can be mitigated by addressing these issues with a multidisciplinary approach

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crop: crop rotations, crop rotations, or crop rotations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a possible benefit of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: food aid programs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, global warming, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes to farming practices

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be done to mitigate climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change be mitigated

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: benefits

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: early warning systems,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: early warning systems,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: of soil, water-saving technology,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: benefits

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: early warning systems,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: early warning systems, and accurate weather forecasts

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: supporting community-based adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: more benefits to developed countries and more detriments to developing countries;

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more benefits to developed countries and more detriments to developing countries;

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: adaptation strategies.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: early warning systems,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: adaptation strategies.

text: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited. Changes in crop phenology provide important evidence of the response to recent regional climate change. Phenology is the study of natural phenomena that recur periodically, and how these phenomena relate to climate and seasonal changes. A significant advance in phenology has been observed for agriculture and forestry in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

text: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited. Changes in crop

text: phenology

text: provide important evidence of the response to recent regional climate change. Phenology is the study of natural phenomena that recur periodically, and how these phenomena relate to climate and seasonal changes. A significant advance in phenology has been observed for agriculture and forestry in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively limited

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the study of natural phenomena that recur periodically?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and climate change are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forestry

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause crop phenology to change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of natural phenomenon?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to crops?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: significant advance in phenology

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would this affect agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: periodic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: seasonal changes

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: recent regional climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Phenology

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: agriculture

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Phenology

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Phenology

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: agriculture and forestry in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: recent regional climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change on agriculture have been relatively limited.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: regional climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: recent regional climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: So far, the effects of regional climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Phenology

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Changes in crop phenology

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: regional climate change.

text: Climate is a measure of the long-term trends in the weather. Various factors are known to influence the climate, including ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse gases, variations in the solar luminosity, and changes to the Earth's orbit. Based on historical records, the Earth is known to have undergone drastic climate changes in the past, including ice ages.

text: Climate is a measure of the long-term trends in the weather. Various factors are known to

text: influence the climate

text: , including ocean currents, surface

text: albedo

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, variations in the solar luminosity, and changes to the Earth's orbit. Based on historical records, the Earth is known to have undergone drastic climate changes in the past, including

text: ice age

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Earth has never experienced drastic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are known to influence the climate, including ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse gases, variations in the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are known to influence the climate, including ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, variations in the solar luminosity, and changes to the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes to the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate: ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate: ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse gases, variations in the solar luminosity, or changes to the Earth's orbit?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that influences the climate?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: drastic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar luminosity,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes to the Earth's orbit.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: drastic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Earth is known to have undergone drastic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the Earth is known to have undergone drastic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Various factors are known to influence the climate, including ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface albedo,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages.

text: Climate change and global warming reflects the notion of the modern climate. The changes of climate over the past century, have been attributed to various factors which have resulted in a global warming. This warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Some effects on both the natural environment and human life are, at least in part, already being attributed to global warming. A 2001 report by the IPCC suggests that glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption such as that of the Larsen Ice Shelf, sea level rise, changes in rainfall patterns, and increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are attributable in part to global warming. Other expected effects include water scarcity in some regions and increased precipitation in others, changes in mountain snowpack, and adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.

text: Climate change

text: and

text: global warming

text: reflects the notion of the modern

text: climate

text: . The changes of climate over the past century, have been

text: attributed to various factors

text: which have resulted in a

text: global warming

text: . This warming is the increase in the

text: average temperature

text: of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Some effects on both the

text: natural environment

text: and

text: human life

text: are, at least in part, already being attributed to global warming. A 2001 report by the IPCC suggests that

text: glacier retreat

text: ice shelf disruption

text: such as that of the

text: Larsen Ice Shelf

text: sea level rise

text: , changes in rainfall patterns, and increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are attributable in part to global warming. Other expected effects include water scarcity in some regions and increased precipitation in others, changes in mountain snowpack, and adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increase in the average temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption, sea level rise, changes in rainfall patterns, or increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: adverse health effects

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that has been attributed to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a climate change factor: glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption, sea level rise, changes in rainfall patterns, or adverse health effects from warmer temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect human life?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming: glacier retreat, ice shelf disruption

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's near-surface air and oceans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in rainfall patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human life

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice shelf disruption such as that of the Larsen Ice Shelf,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea level rise,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: modern climate.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Larsen Ice Shelf,

text: The primary goal of the USCRN is to provide future long-term high-quality observations of surface air temperature and precipitation that can be coupled to past long-term observations for the detection and attribution of present and future climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases affecting the interpretation of decadal to centennial climate variability and change.

text: The primary goal of the USCRN is to provide future long-term high-quality observations of surface air temperature and precipitation that can be coupled to past long-term observations for the detection and attribution of present and future climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases affecting the interpretation of decadal to centennial climate variability and change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The primary goal of the USCRN is to provide future long-term high-quality observations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: centennial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary goal of the USCRN?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary goal of the USCRN?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: USCRN

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: precipitation that can be coupled to past long-term observations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the primary goal of the USCRN?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the primary goal of the USCRN?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It records data with minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Decadal to centennial climate variability and change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: USCRN

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: USCRN

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: decadal to centennial climate variability

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: centennial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: surface air temperature

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface air temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The primary goal of the USCRN

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: surface air temperature and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: surface air temperature and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: surface air temperature and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: surface air temperature and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The primary goal of the USCRN

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The primary goal of the USCRN

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: detection and attribution of present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: attribution of present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: present and future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change. It records data with minimal time dependent biases

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: decadal to centennial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: decadal to centennial climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: present and future climate change.

text: Late ice age climatic changes caused plant communities and animal populations to change. Groups moved from place to place as preferred resources were depleted and new supplies were sought. Small bands utilized hunting and gathering during the spring and summer months, then broke into smaller direct family groups for the fall and winter. Family groups moved every 3–6 days, possibly covering up to  a year.  Diets were often sustaining and rich in protein due to successful hunting. Clothing was made from a variety of animal hides that were also used for shelter construction. During much of the Early and Middle Paleo-Indian periods, inland bands are thought to have subsisted primarily through hunting now-extinct megafauna. Large Pleistocene mammals were the giant beaver, steppe wisent, musk ox, mastodons, woolly mammoths and ancient reindeer (early caribou).

text: Late ice age climatic changes caused plant communities and animal populations to change. Groups moved from place to place as preferred resources were depleted and new supplies were sought. Small bands utilized hunting and gathering during the spring and summer months, then broke into smaller direct family groups for the fall and winter. Family groups moved every 3–6 days, possibly covering up to  a year.  Diets were often sustaining and rich in protein due to successful hunting. Clothing was made from a variety of animal hides that were also used for shelter construction. During much of the Early and Middle Paleo-Indian periods, inland bands are thought to have subsisted primarily through hunting now-extinct

text: megafauna

text: . Large Pleistocene mammals were the

text: giant beaver

text: steppe wisent

text: musk ox

text: mastodons

text: woolly mammoths

text: and

text: ancient reindeer

text: (early caribou).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: inland bands are thought to have subsisted primarily through hunting now-extinct megafauna

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: steppe wisent, musk ox, mastodons, wooly mammoths, or ancient reindeer?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: steppe wisent, mastodons, wooly mammoths or reindeer?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not an example of hunting and gathering during the late ice age?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many months of the year did small groups utilize hunting and gathering?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: plant communities and animal populations to change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the summer months

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate of the future?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did it take for animal populations to change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Medieval warm period last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen if there was an enormous volcanic eruption?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a year

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: now-extinct megafauna.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: plant communities and animal populations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climatic changes caused plant communities and animal populations to change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Late ice age climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Late ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Late ice age

text: Developed by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum,  the report is meant to serve as a new tool to assess global vulnerability to various effects of climate change within different nations.

text: Developed by

text: DARA

text: and the

text: Climate Vulnerable Forum

text: ,  the report is meant to serve as a new tool to assess global vulnerability to various effects of climate change within different nations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the report is meant to serve as a new tool to assess global vulnerability

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a type of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the effects of climate change within different nations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to assess global vulnerability to climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global vulnerability

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global vulnerability to various effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Developed by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global vulnerability to various effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Developed by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Developed by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Vulnerable Forum,

text: The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from 3 million to 12,000 years. This epoch featured the ice ages that resulted from the cooling effect that started in the Mid-Eocene Epoch of the Paleogene Period. As the ice progressively migrated towards the equator, the area outside of the tropic lines featured intense winters yet mild summers. Meanwhile, Africa experienced intense droughts, which resulted in the creation of the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari deserts. To cope, many animals, including mammoths, giant ground sloths, dire wolves, evolved and most famously Homo sapiens. The worst droughts of Africa ended 100,000 years ago, and marked the expansion of primitive man. As the Pleistocene Epoch drew to a close, one of the largest die-outs caused many mega-fauna to die off, including the last hominid species (excluding Homo sapiens). All continents were affected, but Africa less so.

text: The Pleistocene Epoch lasted from 3 million to 12,000 years. This epoch featured the ice ages that resulted from the cooling effect that started in the Mid-Eocene Epoch of the Paleogene Period. As the ice progressively migrated towards the equator, the area outside of the tropic lines featured intense winters yet mild summers. Meanwhile, Africa experienced intense droughts, which resulted in the creation of the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari deserts. To cope, many animals, including

text: mammoths

text: giant ground sloths

text: dire wolves

text: , evolved and most famously

text: Homo sapiens

text: . The worst droughts of Africa ended 100,000 years ago, and marked the expansion of primitive man. As the Pleistocene Epoch drew to a close, one of the largest die-outs caused many mega-fauna to die off, including the last hominid species (excluding Homo sapiens). All continents were affected, but Africa less so.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Africa experienced intense droughts

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Pleistocene Epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari deserts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What caused the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari deserts?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hominid species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the worst droughts of Africa end?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: intense winters yet mild summers

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years ago did the worst droughts of Africa end?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long did the Pleistocene Epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How did the Sahara experience intense droughts?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme winters

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the Pleistocene Epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift: plate tectonics or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: intense winters

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice progressively migrated towards the equator

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: intense winters yet mild summers

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Mid-Eocene

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Africa experienced intense droughts,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Homo sapiens).

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Africa experienced intense droughts,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: As the ice progressively migrated towards the equator,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: animals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Mid-Eocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Mid-Eocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Mid-Eocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice progressively migrated towards the equator,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: intense winters yet mild summers.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Mid-Eocene Epoch

text: In discussions of threats to biodiversity, extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change, which states that inertia will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more greenhouse gasses are emitted. Similarly, the current extinction may continue long after human impacts on species halt.

text: In discussions of

text: threats to biodiversity

text: , extinction debt is analogous to the "

text: climate commitment

text: " in

text: climate change

text: , which states that

text: inertia

text: will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more

text: greenhouse gasses

text: are emitted. Similarly, the

text: current extinction

text: may continue long after

text: human impacts

text: on species halt.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no more greenhouse gasses are emitted

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are emitted

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon that causes the sun to heat up?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing the earth to continue to warm for centuries

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gasses

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more greenhouse gasses are emitted

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the earth to continue to warm

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gasses

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extinction debt

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Earth to continue to warm

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extinction debt

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no more greenhouse gasses are emitted.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: centuries

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: centuries

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gasses are emitted.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: extinction debt

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gasses are emitted.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction may continue long after human impacts on species halt.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warm for centuries

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: inertia will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human impacts on species

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: inertia

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gasses are emitted.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gasses are emitted.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "climate commitment"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "climate commitment"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extinction debt is analogous to the "climate commitment" in climate change,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "climate commitment"

text: The Climatic Research Unit had as an early priority the objective of filling gaps in available information "to establish the past record of climate over as much of the world as possible, as far back in time as was feasible, and in enough detail to recognise and establish the basic processes, interactions, and evolutions in the Earth's fluid envelopes and those involving the Earth's crust and its vegetation cover". Through the 1970s the unit worked on interpreting documentary historical records. From 1978 onward CRU began production of its gridded data set of land air temperature anomalies based on instrumental temperature records held by National Meteorological Organisations around the world. In 1986 sea temperatures were added to form a synthesis of data which was the first global temperature record, demonstrating unequivocally that the globe has warmed by almost 0.8 °C over the last 157 years. From 1989 this work proceeded in conjunction with the Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, and their work demonstrated global warming of almost 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

text: The

text: Climatic Research Unit

text: had as an early priority the objective of filling gaps in available information "to establish the past record of climate over as much of the world as possible, as far back in time as was feasible, and in enough detail to recognise and establish the basic processes, interactions, and evolutions in the Earth's fluid envelopes and those involving the Earth's crust and its vegetation cover". Through the 1970s the unit worked on interpreting documentary historical records. From 1978 onward CRU began production of its gridded

text: data set

text: of land air temperature anomalies based on

text: instrumental temperature record

text: s held by

text: National Meteorological Organisations

text: around the world. In 1986 sea temperatures were added to form a synthesis of data which was the first global temperature record, demonstrating unequivocally that the globe has warmed by almost 0.8 °C over the last 157 years. From 1989 this work proceeded in conjunction with the

text: Met Office

text: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research

text: , and their work demonstrated

text: global warming

text: of almost 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming of almost 0.8 °C over the last 157 years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1986

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming of almost 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Earth's fluid envelopes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: In 1986 sea temperatures were added to form a synthesis of data which was the first global temperature record

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land air temperature anomalies

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea temperatures were added to form a synthesis of data which was the first global temperature record

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many degrees has the globe warmed by over the last 157 years?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Climatic Research Unit had as an early priority the objective of filling gaps

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 157 years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea temperatures

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Climatic Research Unit

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's fluid envelopes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Earth's crust and its vegetation cover".

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: land air temperature anomalies

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land air temperature anomalies

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: land air temperature anomalies

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate over as much of the world as possible,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: vegetation cover".

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Climatic Research Unit

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Climatic Research Unit

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 157 years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea temperatures

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.8 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 0.8 °C over the last 157 years.

text: Foremost among many changes is that forests are today centre-stage in the global debate on how to tackle climate change. Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation, and so curbing forest loss is a way to reduce global warming. Also the promotion of biofuels by governments concerned about global warming is driving forest clearance in some areas.

text: Foremost among many changes is that forests are today centre-stage in the global debate on how to tackle climate change. Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation, and so curbing forest loss is a way to reduce global warming. Also the promotion of biofuels by governments concerned about global warming is driving forest clearance in some areas.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: deforestation, biofuels, or forests?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Deforestation, and biofuels are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How would you describe the climate of the United States?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a way to reduce global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a way to reduce global warming: curbing forest loss, biofuels or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tectonic movement?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a way to reduce global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: curbing forest loss is a way to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: curbing forest loss is a way to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: curbing forest loss is a way to reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Almost 20 per cent of global carbon emissions are caused by deforestation,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change.

text: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  Article 2 of the Convention states its ultimate objective, which is to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (i.e., human) interference with the climate system." The natural, technical, and social sciences can provide information on decisions relating to this objective, e.g., the possible magnitude and rate of future climate changes. However, the IPCC has also concluded that the decision of what constitutes "dangerous" interference requires value judgements, which will vary between different regions of the world. Factors that might affect this decision include the local consequences of climate change impacts, the ability of a particular region to adapt to climate change (adaptive capacity), and the ability of a region to reduce its GHG emissions (mitigative capacity).

text: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  Article 2 of the Convention states its ultimate objective, which is to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (i.e., human) interference with the climate system." The

text: natural

text: , technical, and

text: social sciences

text: can provide information on decisions relating to this objective, e.g., the possible magnitude and rate of future climate changes. However, the IPCC has also concluded that the decision of what constitutes "dangerous" interference requires value judgements, which will vary between different regions of the world. Factors that might affect this decision include the local consequences of climate change impacts, the ability of a particular region to

text: adapt to climate change

text: (adaptive capacity), and the ability of a region to

text: reduce its GHG emissions

text: (mitigative capacity).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic interference with the climate system

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: magnitude and rate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions, and anthropogenic interference with the climate system

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "dangerous" interference

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change impacts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the possible magnitude and rate of future climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate system?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: UNFCCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the purpose of the UNFCCC?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: magnitude and rate of future climate changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dangerous anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: magnitude and rate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: (adaptive capacity),

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: magnitude and rate of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: dangerous anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: (UNFCCC).

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: magnitude and rate of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: Because of the extreme but constant habitats, small disruption or damage could alter the polar systems. Although they are remote from human world, polar seas are not 'pristine' environments. Compared with the Antarctic region, the Arctic has long history of interaction with man. The polar food web structure can be sensitive to man's 'top-down' control especially with the development and growth of industrial fishing.Climate change is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas. There is observational evidence that the Antarctica climate is a bellwether for climate change in the northern hemisphere, leading by about 1000 years. The study of Antarctic ice, its distribution, changes in ice volume, and other indicators of the continental climate in Antarctica are at an early stage of development and even earlier stage of understanding. Techniques for studying the terrain beneath the ice are just being explored. Lake Vostok, buried under miles of ice, has not been penetrated to date. There is evidence that it has been out of contact with the atmosphere for millions of years, making it a possible treasure trove of information.

text: Because of the extreme but constant habitats, small disruption or damage could alter the polar systems. Although they are remote from human world, polar seas are not 'pristine' environments. Compared with the Antarctic region, the Arctic has long history of interaction with man. The polar food web structure can be sensitive to man's 'top-down' control especially with the development and growth of industrial fishing.Climate change is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas. There is observational evidence that the Antarctica climate is a bellwether for climate change in the northern hemisphere, leading by about 1000 years. The study of Antarctic ice, its distribution, changes in ice volume, and other indicators of the continental climate in Antarctica are at an early stage of development and even earlier stage of understanding. Techniques for studying the terrain beneath the ice are just being explored. Lake Vostok, buried under miles of ice, has not been penetrated to date. There is evidence that it has been out of contact with the atmosphere for millions of years, making it a possible treasure trove of information.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Arctic has long history of interaction with man

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Industrial fishing, and the development and growth of industrial fishing are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: industrial fishing

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: industrial fishing

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: influences life in polar areas

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the northern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Lake Vostok

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would this affect the polar food web structure?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is a natural phenomenon that influences life in polar areas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: polar

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: about 1000 years

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'pristine' environments.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: polar seas are not 'pristine' environments.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 'top-down' control especially with the development and growth of industrial fishing.Climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 'pristine' environments.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in ice volume,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic region,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: small disruption or damage could alter the polar systems.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: polar areas.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Antarctic ice,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Lake Vostok,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the Arctic has long history of interaction with man.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: polar seas are not 'pristine' environments.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: fishing.Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 1000 years.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 1000 years.

text: Recent scientific assessments find that most of the warming of the Earth's surface over the past 50 years has been caused by human activities (see also the section on scientific literature and opinion). This conclusion rests on multiple lines of evidence. Like the warming "signal" that has gradually emerged from the "noise" of natural climate variability, the scientific evidence for a human influence on global climate has accumulated over the past several decades, from many hundreds of studies. No single study is a "smoking gun." Nor has any single study or combination of studies undermined the large body of evidence supporting the conclusion that human activity is the primary driver of recent warming.

text: Recent scientific assessments find that most of the warming of the Earth's surface over the past 50 years has been caused by human activities (see also the section on

text: scientific literature and opinion

text: ). This conclusion rests on multiple lines of evidence. Like the warming "signal" that has gradually emerged from the "noise" of natural climate variability, the scientific evidence for a human influence on global climate has accumulated over the past several decades, from many hundreds of studies. No single study is a "

text: smoking gun

text: ." Nor has any single study or combination of studies undermined the large body of evidence supporting the conclusion that human activity is the primary driver of recent warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the primary driver of recent warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary driver of recent warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary driver of recent warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not have a smoking gun

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: most of the warming of the Earth's surface over the past 50 years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: No single study is a "smoking gun."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming of the Earth's surface over the past 50 years

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: natural climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural climate variability,

text: The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.

text: The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the

text: Great Famine of 1315–17

text: . The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the

text: Medieval Warm Period

text: to the

text: Little Ice Age

text: , which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did the Medieval Warm Period last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years did the Great Famine last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How did the Great Famine of 1315-17 affect the economy?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: an economic downturn

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic downturn

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Great Famine last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: excessively rainy

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years did the Great Famine last?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years were excessively rainy throughout Europe?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Great Famine last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the Medieval Warm Period or the Little Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What caused the Great Famine of 1315–17?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How many years did the Great Famine last?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the Great Famine?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: declining average annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: declining average annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: declining average annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: excessively rainy

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: declining average annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: declining average annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 14th century

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: economic downturn.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: declining

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age,

text: Based on computer models, the presence of the Moon appears to stabilize the obliquity of the Earth, which may help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes. This stability is achieved because the Moon increases the precession rate of the Earth's spin axis (that is, the precession motion of the ecliptic), thereby avoiding resonances between the precession of the spin and precession of the planet's orbital plane relative to that of Jupiter. However, as the semimajor axis of the Moon's orbit continues to increase, this stabilizing effect will diminish. At some point, perturbation effects will probably cause chaotic variations in the obliquity of the Earth, and the axial tilt may change by angles as high as 90° from the plane of the orbit. This is expected to occur between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now.

text: Based on computer models, the presence of the Moon appears to stabilize the obliquity of the Earth, which may help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes. This stability is achieved because the Moon increases the

text: precession

text: rate of the Earth's spin axis (that is, the precession motion of the

text: ecliptic

text: ), thereby avoiding resonances between the precession of the spin and precession of the planet's orbital plane relative to that of Jupiter. However, as the semimajor axis of the Moon's orbit continues to increase, this stabilizing effect will diminish. At some point, perturbation effects will probably cause chaotic variations in the obliquity of the Earth, and the

text: axial tilt

text: may change by angles as high as 90° from the plane of the orbit. This is expected to occur between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the presence of the Moon appears to stabilize the obliquity of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1.5 billion years from now

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does this affect the planet?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the presence of the Moon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the presence of the Moon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: dramatic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can the presence of the Moon help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What may help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does the presence of the Moon help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may help the planet to avoid dramatic climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unpredictable climate changes

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 4.5 billion years from now

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ecliptic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 90° from the plane of the orbit

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: dramatic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1.5 and 4.5 billion years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Jupiter.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Based on computer models,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: axial tilt may change by angles as high as 90°

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: chaotic variations in the obliquity of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 4.5 billion years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Based on computer models,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Moon appears to stabilize the obliquity of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: axial tilt may change by angles as high as 90°

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Moon appears to stabilize the obliquity of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: dramatic climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: axial tilt may change by angles as high as 90°

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: dramatic climate changes.

text: Because confidence in expected outcomes is often greater in the short-term (e.g., 20 years) than the long-term future, it may be more reasonable to use short-term projections to guide actions. However, it is also important to consider whether the climate will remain suitable long enough for colonizing species to mature and reproduce, if that is the management goal.

text: Because confidence in expected outcomes is often greater in the short-term (e.g., 20 years) than the long-term future, it may be more reasonable to use short-term projections to guide actions. However, it is also important to consider whether the climate will remain suitable long enough for colonizing species to mature and reproduce, if that is the management goal.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: colonizing species to mature and reproduce

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase over the next 20 years

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term projections to guide actions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: colonizing species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: colonizing species to mature and reproduce

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the short-term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: long-term future

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long enough

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term future

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term future

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: colonizing species to mature and reproduce,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: short-term projections to guide actions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: colonizing species

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate will remain suitable long enough for colonizing species

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate will remain suitable long enough for colonizing species to mature and reproduce,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 20 years) than the long-term future,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the climate will remain suitable long enough for colonizing species to mature and reproduce,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: colonizing species to mature and reproduce,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term future,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: short-term projections

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 20 years)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 20 years)

text: The Burgess Shale has attracted the interest of paleoclimatologists who want to study and predict long-term future changes in Earth's climate. According to Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee in the 2003 book The Life and Death of Planet Earth, climatologists study the fossil records in the Burgess Shale to understand the climate of the Cambrian Explosion, and use it to predict what Earth's climate in the future when a warming and expanding Sun combined with declining CO and oxygen levels eventually heat the Earth toward temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago, before the first plants and animals appeared, and therefore understand how and when the last living things will die out. See also Future of the Earth.

text: The Burgess Shale has attracted the interest of paleoclimatologists who want to study and predict long-term future changes in Earth's climate. According to Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee in the 2003 book The Life and Death of Planet Earth, climatologists study the fossil records in the Burgess Shale to understand the climate of the Cambrian Explosion, and use it to predict what Earth's climate in the future when a warming and expanding Sun combined with declining

text: CO

text: and oxygen levels eventually heat the Earth toward temperatures not seen since the

text: Archean

text: Eon 3 billion years ago, before the first plants and animals appeared, and therefore understand how and when the last living things will die out. See also

text: Future of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the last living things will die out

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO and oxygen levels eventually heat the Earth toward temperatures not seen since the Archean

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a warming and expanding Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: last living things will die out

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the Cambrian Explosion?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term future changes in Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many billion years ago was the Archean Eon?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many billion years ago was the Archean Eon?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the last living things die out?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: how and when the last living things will die out

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the Burgess Shale

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Cambrian Explosion

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the last living things will die out.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: declining CO and oxygen levels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: declining CO and oxygen levels

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: expanding Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: declining CO and oxygen levels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: declining CO and oxygen levels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: a warming and expanding Sun

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: die out.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: a warming and expanding Sun

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: declining CO and oxygen levels

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Archean Eon

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperatures not seen since the Archean Eon 3 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

text: Ice ages during the Pleistocene brought a cooler and wetter pluvial climate to the region starting 2 to 3 million years ago. The added precipitation increased runoff and the erosive ability of streams (especially from spring melt water and flash floods in summer). With a greatly increased flow volume the Colorado cut faster than ever before and started to quickly excavate the Grand Canyon 2 million years before present, almost reaching the modern depth by 1.2 million years ago.

text: Ice age

text: s during the

text: Pleistocene

text: brought a cooler and wetter

text: pluvial

text: climate to the region starting 2 to 3 million years ago. The added

text: precipitation

text: increased runoff and the erosive ability of streams (especially from spring melt water and

text: flash flood

text: s in summer). With a greatly increased flow volume the Colorado cut faster than ever before and started to quickly excavate the Grand Canyon 2 million years before present, almost reaching the modern depth by 1.2 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Colorado cut faster than ever before and started to quickly excavate the Grand Canyon 2 million years before present

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1.2 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the Colorado cut faster than ever before and started to quickly excavate the Grand Canyon?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the Colorado to cut faster than ever before and start to quickly excavate the Grand Canyon?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and climate change are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the Colorado cut faster than ever before?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: added precipitation increased runoff

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in summer

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago did the Pleistocene bring a cooler and wetter pluvial climate?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a cooler climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wetter

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 to 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: erosive ability of streams

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: spring melt water

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: flash floods in summer).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased runoff

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: erosive ability of streams

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: increased runoff and the erosive ability of streams

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2 to 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice ages during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice ages

text: Glacial isostatic adjustment also plays an important role in understanding recent global warming and climate change.

text: Glacial

text: isostatic

text: adjustment also plays an important role in understanding recent global warming and climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment does not play a role in understanding global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change that occurs when the oceans warm up.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Glacialostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in a tropical ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most likely reason for this statement?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The answer is no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is true of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen to Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Glacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the difference between the average temperature and glacial temperature?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Glacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Glacial isostatic adjustment

text: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic as plate tectonics moved North America northwest from a sub-tropical to a  temperate zone by the Pliocene epoch. The onset of a series of glaciations in the Pleistocene epoch saw the introduction of large glaciers in the Teton and surrounding ranges, which flowed all the way to Jackson Hole during at least three ice ages. Cascade, Garnet, Death and Granite Canyons were all carved by successive periods of glaciation.

text: Climatic

text: conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic as plate tectonics moved North America northwest from a

text: sub-tropical

text: to a

text: temperate zone

text: by the Pliocene epoch. The onset of a series of

text: glaciation

text: s in the

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch saw the introduction of large

text: glacier

text: s in the Teton and surrounding ranges, which flowed all the way to Jackson Hole during at least three

text: ice age

text: s.

text: Cascade

text: Garnet

text: Death

text: and

text: Granite Canyon

text: s were all carved by successive periods of glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciers flowed all the way to Jackson Hole during at least three ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by plate tectonics: plate tectonics, plate tectonics, or plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and glaciation are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many ice ages did the Teton and surrounding ranges experience?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a series of glaciations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during at least three ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did plate tectonics move North America northwest?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why did plate tectonics move North America northwest

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most likely reason that glaciers were introduced?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the Pliocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sub-tropical

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: sub-tropical

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: temperate zone

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a series of glaciations

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sub-tropical to a temperate zone

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatic conditions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: three

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: flowed all the way to Jackson Hole

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: temperate zone

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climatic conditions in the area gradually changed through the Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pliocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sub-tropical

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages.

text: He had previously claimed that the Climate Change Act 2008 was "the most expensive piece of legislation ever put through Parliament", and likely to cost hundreds of billions over the next 40 years.In May 2009 Booker spoke at an International Conference on Climate Change organised by The Heartland Institute.In the Autumn of 2009, he published The Real Global Warming Disaster. The book, which became his best-selling work, claims that there is not actually a consensus on climate change, and postulates that the measures taken by governments to combat climate change "will turn out to be one of the most expensive, destructive, and foolish mistakes the human race has ever made". The book was characterised by Philip Ball in The Observer as being as "the definitive climate sceptics' manual", in which "he has rounded up just about every criticism ever made of the majority scientific view that global warming, most probably caused by human activity, is under way, and presented them unchallenged". Ball went on to note that Booker's position required the reader to believe that "1) Most of the world's climate scientists, for reasons unspecified, decided to create a myth about human-induced global warming and have managed to twist endless measurements and computer models to fit their case, without the rest of the scientific community noticing. George W Bush and certain oil companies have, however, seen through the deception. 2) Most of the world's climate scientists are incompetent and have grossly misinterpreted their data and models, yet their faulty conclusions are not, as you might imagine, a random chaos of assertions, but all point in the same direction."

text: He had previously claimed that the

text: Climate Change Act 2008

text: was "the most expensive piece of legislation ever put through Parliament", and likely to cost hundreds of billions over the next 40 years.In May 2009 Booker spoke at an

text: International Conference on Climate Change

text: organised by

text: The Heartland Institute

text: .In the Autumn of 2009, he published

text: The Real Global Warming Disaster

text: . The book, which became his best-selling work, claims that there is not actually a consensus on climate change, and postulates that the measures taken by governments to combat climate change "will turn out to be one of the most expensive, destructive, and foolish mistakes the human race has ever made". The book was characterised by

text: Philip Ball

text: in The Observer as being as "the definitive climate sceptics' manual", in which "he has rounded up just about every criticism ever made of the majority scientific view that global warming, most probably caused by human activity, is under way, and presented them unchallenged". Ball went on to note that Booker's position required the reader to believe that "1) Most of the world's climate scientists, for reasons unspecified, decided to create a myth about human-induced global warming and have managed to twist endless measurements and computer models to fit their case, without the rest of the scientific community noticing. George W Bush and certain oil companies have, however, seen through the deception. 2) Most of the world's climate scientists are incompetent and have grossly misinterpreted their data and models, yet their faulty conclusions are not, as you might imagine, a random chaos of assertions, but all point in the same direction."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Most of the world's climate scientists are incompetent and have grossly misinterpreted their data and models

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the most expensive piece of legislation ever put through Parliament?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What was the name of the book that was characterised by Philip Ball in The Observer?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming, most probably caused by human activity

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the most expensive piece of legislation ever put through Parliament

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the book The Real Global Warming Disaster?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the book The Real Global Warming Disaster claim?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Most of the world's climate scientists are incompetent

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hundreds of billions over the next 40 years.In

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: George W Bush and certain oil companies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009, he published The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: all point in the same direction."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: human-induced global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2009, he published The Real Global Warming Disaster.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: human-induced global warming

text: Relatively small changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis or length of the seasons can be a major influence on the Earth's climate. An example are the ice ages of the past 2.6 million years (the Quaternary period), which are assumed to have been caused by astronomic cycles. Climate change can influence the global sea level (and thus the amount of accommodation space in sedimentary basins) and sediment supply from a certain region. Eventually, small changes in astronomic parameters can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation.

text: Relatively small changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis or length of the seasons can be a major influence on the Earth's climate. An example are the

text: ice ages of the past 2.6 million years

text: (the

text: Quaternary

text: period

text: ), which are assumed to have been caused by astronomic cycles. Climate change can influence the global sea level (and thus the amount of accommodation space in sedimentary basins) and sediment supply from a certain region. Eventually, small changes in astronomic parameters can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Eventually, small changes in astronomic parameters can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Quaternary period

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be a major influence on the Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: astronomic cycles

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages of the past 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the past 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global sea level

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: small changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: astronomic parameters can cause large changes in sedimentary environment and sedimentation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: astronomic cycles.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: astronomic cycles.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: astronomic cycles.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: astronomic cycles.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global sea level

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: astronomic cycles. Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: length of the seasons

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice ages of the past 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice ages of the past 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: small changes in astronomic parameters

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice ages of the past 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: small changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: astronomic cycles.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: astronomic cycles. Climate change can influence the global sea level

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: The tremendous destruction caused by recent Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones, such as Hurricanes Katrina, Wilma, and Sandy caused a substantial upsurge in interest in the subject of global warming by news media and the wider public, and concerns that global climatic change may have played a significant role in those events. Time Magazine, for example, published an article titled, "Is Global Warming Fueling Katrina?"—however, the article itself addressed hurricanes in general, rather than Katrina specifically, and was inconclusive.

text: The tremendous destruction caused by recent

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: tropical cyclone

text: s, such as Hurricanes Katrina,

text: Wilma

text: , and

text: Sandy

text: caused a substantial upsurge in interest in the subject of

text: global warming

text: by news media and the wider public, and concerns that global

text: climatic change

text: may have played a significant role

text: in those events.

text: Time Magazine

text: , for example, published an article titled, "Is Global Warming Fueling Katrina?"—however, the article itself addressed hurricanes in general, rather than Katrina specifically, and was inconclusive.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the article itself addressed hurricanes in general, rather than Katrina specifically

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused the tremendous destruction caused by recent Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are hurricanes caused by sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Is Global Warming Fueling Katrina?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: hurricanes in general

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Katrina

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many hurricanes did Katrina, Wilma and Sandy cause?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Fueling Katrina?"—however,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Katrina

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "Is Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The tremendous destruction caused by recent Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: inconclusive.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Is Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Is Global Warming Fueling Katrina?"—however,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: inconclusive.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global Warming Fueling Katrina?"—however,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: inconclusive.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: tropical cyclones,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: inconclusive.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global climatic change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Is Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones,

text: This section of the report, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, assessed current scientific knowledge of "the natural and human drivers of climate change" as well as observed changes in climate. It looked at the ability of science to attribute changes to different causes, and made projections of future climate change.

text: This section of the report, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, assessed current scientific knowledge of "the natural and human drivers of climate change" as well as observed changes in climate. It looked at the ability of science to attribute changes to different causes, and made projections of future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: It looked at the ability of science to attribute changes to different causes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a natural and human driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is one of the natural causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis assessed the ability of science to attribute changes to different causes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human drivers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be attributed to what?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: observed changes in climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a natural and human driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural and human driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the physical science basis

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The physical science basis

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "the natural and human drivers of climate change"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007:

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "the natural and human drivers of climate change"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "the natural and human drivers of climate change"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human drivers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: observed changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: made projections of future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "the natural and human drivers of climate change"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "the natural and human drivers of climate change"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change 2007:

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: observed changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change 2007:

text: A disjunct northern population of T. oreades grows together with T. mongaensis in the southern Monga Valley in southern New South Wales, with some hybrids reported. Crisp and Weston concluded that the two species for the most part did not hybridise there. However, a genetic study using microsatellites found there was extensive hybridisation, with much of the presumed pure T. oreades showing a close relation to T. mongaensis. The populations of waratahs are thought to have grown and shrunk with the ebb and flow of ice ages in the Pleistocene, finally stranding a population of  T. oreades located alongside T. mongaensis as conditions suitable for waratahs changed in southeastern Australia.

text: A

text: disjunct

text: northern population of T. oreades grows together with T. mongaensis in the southern

text: Monga Valley

text: in southern New South Wales, with some

text: hybrid

text: s reported. Crisp and Weston concluded that the two species for the most part did not

text: hybridise

text: there. However, a genetic study using microsatellites found there was extensive hybridisation, with much of the presumed pure T. oreades showing a close relation to T. mongaensis. The populations of waratahs are thought to have grown and shrunk with the ebb and flow of ice ages in the

text: Pleistocene

text: , finally stranding a population of  T. oreades located alongside T. mongaensis as conditions suitable for waratahs changed in southeastern Australia.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the two species for the most part did not hybridise there

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Are waratahs native to Australia?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do waratahs feed on?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: waratahs

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: waratahs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The populations of waratahs are thought to have grown

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: conditions suitable for waratahs changed in southeastern Australia

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in southern New South Wales

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the populations of waratahs

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing: waratahs or ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: mongaensis

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: T. mongaensis

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: microsatellites found there was extensive hybridisation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Monga Valley in southern New South Wales,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: New South Wales,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: waratahs are thought to have grown and shrunk

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: New South Wales,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages in the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: New South Wales,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: The encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels in causing climate change.   "We know that technology based on the use of highly polluting fossil fuels – especially coal, but also oil and, to a lesser degree, gas – needs to be progressively replaced without delay", Francis says. "Until greater progress is made in developing widely accessible sources of renewable energy, it is legitimate to choose the less harmful alternative or to find short-term solutions."  The encyclical's comments on climate change are consistent with the scientific consensus on climate change.

text: The encyclical highlights the role of

text: fossil fuel

text: s in causing climate change.   "We know that technology based on the use of highly polluting fossil fuels – especially coal, but also oil and, to a lesser degree, gas – needs to be progressively replaced without delay", Francis says. "Until greater progress is made in developing widely accessible sources of renewable energy, it is legitimate to choose the less harmful alternative or to find short-term solutions."  The encyclical's comments on climate change are consistent with the

text: scientific consensus on climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: technology based on the use of highly polluting fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the encyclical refer to?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the encyclical refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What does the encyclical highlight?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of climate change does the encyclical highlight?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is legitimate to choose the less harmful alternative

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is consistent with the scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: widely accessible sources of renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term solutions."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: encyclical highlights the role of fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: widely accessible sources of renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: short-term solutions."

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: short-term solutions."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: fossil fuels in causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: short-term solutions."

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: short-term solutions."

text: Seventy percent of the Earth is covered by water, so information about the marine environment is vital in understanding how the Earth's surface system works. Nick McCave's research looks at perturbations in the deep oceans, using evidence from micro-fossils combined with carbon dating, to obtain information on pre-historical climate change. It is important to understand the normal cycles of climate change, in order to assess the degree to which the global warming we are experiencing now is caused by man, and the likely consequences by analysis of past analogues. One problem is the interaction between atmospheric climate change and the observed changes in the ocean currents. There is a 'chicken and egg' question: are the perturbations seen in atmospheric CO concentrations forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents, or vice versa?

text: Seventy percent of the Earth is covered by water, so information about the marine environment is vital in understanding how the Earth's surface system works. Nick McCave's research looks at perturbations in the deep oceans, using evidence from

text: micro-fossils

text: combined with

text: carbon dating

text: , to obtain information on pre-historical

text: climate change

text: . It is important to understand the normal cycles of climate change, in order to assess the degree to which the global warming we are experiencing now is caused by man, and the likely consequences by analysis of past analogues. One problem is the interaction between atmospheric climate change and the observed changes in the

text: ocean current

text: s. There is a 'chicken and egg' question: are the perturbations seen in atmospheric CO concentrations forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents, or vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming is caused by man

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are caused by man

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are areas of intense heat produced by the sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming, is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can small changes in temperature do?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause weather to be more extreme?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming projections

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large changes in Earths climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: In the Pleistocene ice age, Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: how many percent of the earth is covered by water

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what would increase Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: has been increasing for many decades

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: carbon dating

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-historical

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: vice versa?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: vice versa?

text: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy. In May 2007, Robert Sullivan, the former associate director in charge of exhibitions at the National Museum of Natural History, charged that Samper and Smithsonian Undersecretary for Science David Evans (Samper's supervisor) ordered "last minute" changes in the exhibit "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely" to tone down the role of human beings in the discussion of global warming, and to make global warming seem more uncertain than originally depicted. Samper denied that he knew of any scientific objections to the changes, and said that no political pressure had been applied to the Smithsonian to make the changes. In November 2007, The Washington Post reported that an interagency group of scientists from the Department of the Interior, NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Science Foundation believed that, despite Samper's denial, the museum "acted to avoid criticism from congressional appropriators and global-warming skeptics in the Bush administration". The changes were discussed as early as mid-August 2005, and Dr. Waleed Abdalati, manager of NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program, noted at the time that "There was some discussion of the political sensitivities of the exhibit." Although the exhibit was due to open in October 2005, the Post reported that Samper ordered a six-month delay to allow for even further changes. The newspaper also reported that it had obtained a memo drafted by Samper shortly after October 15, 2005, in which Samper said the museum should not "replicate" work by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. A few weeks later, a NOAA climate researcher advised a superior that the delay was due to "the debate within the administration and the science community over the existence and cause of global warming". During the delay, Samper asked high-level officials in other government agencies and departments to review the script for the exhibit, ordered his museum staff to make additionals changes, and rearranged the sequence of the exhibit panels so that the discussion of climate change was not immediately encountered by museum visitors. Shortly before the exhibit opened in April 2006, officials at NOAA and the United States Department of Commerce expressed to their superiors their opinion that the exhibit had been changed to accommodate political concerns. In an interview with The Washington Post in November 2007, Samper said he felt the exhibit displayed a scientific certainty that did not exist, and expressed his belief that the museum should present evidence on both sides and let the public make up its own mind.

text: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy. In May 2007, Robert Sullivan, the former associate director in charge of exhibitions at the National Museum of Natural History, charged that Samper and Smithsonian Undersecretary for Science David Evans (Samper's supervisor) ordered "last minute" changes in the exhibit "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely" to tone down the role of human beings in the discussion of

text: global warming

text: , and to make global warming seem more uncertain than originally depicted. Samper denied that he knew of any scientific objections to the changes, and said that no political pressure had been applied to the Smithsonian to make the changes. In November 2007,

text: The Washington Post

text: reported that an interagency group of scientists from the

entity_name: United States Department of the Interior

text: Department of the Interior

text: NASA

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: (NOAA), and

text: National Science Foundation

text: believed that, despite Samper's denial, the museum "acted to avoid criticism from congressional appropriators and global-warming skeptics in the Bush administration". The changes were discussed as early as mid-August 2005, and Dr.

text: Waleed Abdalati

text: , manager of NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program, noted at the time that "There was some discussion of the political sensitivities of the exhibit." Although the exhibit was due to open in October 2005, the Post reported that Samper ordered a six-month delay to allow for even further changes. The newspaper also reported that it had obtained a memo drafted by Samper shortly after October 15, 2005, in which Samper said the museum should not "replicate" work by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: . A few weeks later, a NOAA climate researcher advised a superior that the delay was due to "the debate within the administration and the science community over the existence and cause of global warming". During the delay, Samper asked high-level officials in other government agencies and departments to review the script for the exhibit, ordered his museum staff to make additionals changes, and rearranged the sequence of the exhibit panels so that the discussion of climate change was not immediately encountered by museum visitors. Shortly before the exhibit opened in April 2006, officials at NOAA and the

text: United States Department of Commerce

text: expressed to their superiors their opinion that the exhibit had been changed to accommodate political concerns. In an interview with The Washington Post in November 2007, Samper said he felt the exhibit displayed a scientific certainty that did not exist, and expressed his belief that the museum should present evidence on both sides and let the public make up its own mind.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Samper said the museum should not "replicate" work by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Washington Post reported that an interagency group of scientists from the Department of the Interior, NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Science Foundation believed that, despite Samper's denial, the museum "acted to avoid criticism from congressional appropriators and global-warming skeptics in the Bush administration".

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Washington Post reported that an interagency group of scientists from the Department of the Interior,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human beings

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Samper's tenure at the Smithsonian was marked by controversy.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia occurs

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Post reported that Samper ordered a six-month delay to allow for even further changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: From O C.E. to 2010 C.E. average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Plate tectonics may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Smithsonian Undersecretary for Science David Evans

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Samper's tenure at the museum was not without controversy.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing for many decades.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Washington Post reported that an interagency group of scientists from the Department of the Interior, NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Science Foundation believed that, despite Samper's denial, the museum "acted to avoid criticism from congressional appropriators and global-warming skeptics in the Bush administration".

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely"

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: museum visitors.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: NOAA

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: discussion of climate change was not immediately encountered by museum visitors.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Samper ordered a six-month delay

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "the debate within the administration and the science community

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: uncertain than originally depicted.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Samper

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Samper

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "the debate

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: political sensitivities of the exhibit."

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -August 2005,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Samper

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming".

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Arctic:

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: uncertain

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years is a book about climate change, written by Siegfried Fred Singer and Dennis T. Avery, which asserts that natural changes, and not CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming. Published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2006, the book sold well and was reprinted in an updated edition in 2007.

text: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years is a book about climate change, written by

text: Siegfried Fred Singer

text: and

text: Dennis T. Avery

text: , which asserts that natural changes, and not

text: CO emissions

text: , are the cause of

text: Global Warming

text: . Published by

text: Rowman & Littlefield

text: in 2006, the book sold well and was reprinted in an updated edition in 2007.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: CO emissions are the cause of Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO emissions are the cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the causes of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO emissions are the cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CO emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years assert?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years published?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not the cause of Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural changes,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: natural changes,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural changes, and not CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: CO emissions,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1,500 Years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global Warming.

text: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as a Lead Author of the Chapter on detection of change and attribution of causes, and was a Review Editor for the chapter on predictions of global climate change for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.  His research focuses on the attribution of recent climate change and assessing what these changes mean for global climate simulations of the future.

text: He contributed to the

text: Third Assessment Report

text: of the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: as a Lead Author of the Chapter on detection of change and attribution of causes, and was a Review Editor for the chapter on predictions of global climate change for the

text: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

text: .  His research focuses on the

text: attribution of recent climate change

text: and assessing what these changes mean for

text: global climate simulations

text: of the future.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global climate simulations of the future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global climate simulations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global climate simulations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate simulations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does his research focuses on?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: predictions of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: causes,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: predictions of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: attribution of recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate simulations of the future.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: predictions of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global climate simulations of the future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: He contributed to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: recent climate change

text: It is important to understand that states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue, and their strict budget requirements can put long-term climate policies in jeopardy. States also lack certain powers that would be crucial to a comprehensive climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements. Finally, when states take individual approaches on the issue, a "patchwork quilt" of policies can result across the nation. This patchwork of policies may be inefficient for complying business and may result in some states duplicating the work done in other states. While some states are delivering real reductions of GHG emissions only in a few cases do the reduction targets commensurate with what will be needed on a global scale.

text: It is important to understand that states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue, and their strict budget requirements can put long-term climate policies in jeopardy. States also lack certain powers that would be crucial to a comprehensive climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements. Finally, when states take individual approaches on the issue, a "patchwork quilt" of policies can result across the nation. This patchwork of policies may be inefficient for complying business and may result in some states duplicating the work done in other states. While some states are delivering real reductions of GHG emissions only in a few cases do the reduction targets commensurate with what will be needed on a global scale.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: some states are delivering real reductions of GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What do states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a power that would be crucial to a comprehensive climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: authority to enter into international agreements

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a patchwork quilt of policies

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: patchwork quilt

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can put long-term climate policies in jeopardy?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a power that would be crucial to a comprehensive climate change policy?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a patchwork quilt?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may result in some states duplicating the work done in other states?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: some states are delivering real reductions of GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: reductions of GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global scale.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: authority to enter into international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global scale.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global scale.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global scale.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change policy,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a "patchwork quilt" of policies can result across the nation.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: states have limited resources to devote to the climate issue,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: long-term climate policies in jeopardy.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term climate policies in jeopardy.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change policy, such as the authority to enter into international agreements.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: long-term climate policies in jeopardy.

text: Smith et al. (2001:942) predicted that climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts. Most of impacts were predicted to be negative. The literature assessment by Smith et al. (2001) suggested that climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries. Smith et al. (2001) noted that few of the studies they reviewed had adequately accounted for adaptation. In a literature assessment, Confalonieri et al. (2007:415) found that in the studies that had included health impacts, those impacts contributed substantially to the total costs of climate change.

text: Smith et al. (2001:942) predicted that climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts. Most of impacts were predicted to be negative. The literature assessment by Smith et al. (2001) suggested that climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries. Smith et al. (2001) noted that few of the studies they reviewed had adequately accounted for adaptation. In a literature assessment, Confalonieri et al. (2007:415) found that in the studies that had included health impacts, those impacts contributed substantially to the total costs of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: few of the studies they reviewed had adequately accounted for adaptation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: substantial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a non-market impact?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Smith et al. (2001)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: non-market impacts

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: market impacts

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause substantial negative health impacts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: most of impacts were predicted to be negative

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: one

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Smith et al

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Smith et al.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: negative.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: adaptation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Most of impacts were predicted to be negative.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: health impacts

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change would cause substantial negative health impacts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change would likely result in pronounced non-market impacts.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Smith et al. (2001:942)

text: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. Although individual CO molecules have a short residence time in the atmosphere, it takes an extremely long time for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises, due to e.g. volcanic eruptions or human activity and among the many long-lasting greenhouse gases, it is the most important because it makes up the largest fraction of the atmosphere.Since the industrial revolution, the CO concentration in the atmosphere has risen from about 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm. Although the amount of CO introduced makes up only a small portion of the global carbon cycle, carbon dioxide's long residence time makes these emissions relevant for the total carbon balance. The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing changes to the global climate. Of the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that are introduced to the atmosphere each year, approximately 80% are from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. The other ~20% originate from land use change and deforestation. Because gaseous carbon dioxide does not react quickly with other chemicals, the main processes that change the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere involve exchanges with the earth's other carbon reservoirs, as explained in the following sections.

text: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures through the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Although individual CO molecules have a short

text: residence time

text: in the atmosphere, it takes an extremely long time for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises, due to e.g. volcanic eruptions or human activity and among the many long-lasting greenhouse gases, it is the most important because it makes up the largest fraction of the atmosphere.Since the

text: industrial revolution

text: , the CO concentration in the atmosphere has risen from about 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm. Although the amount of CO introduced makes up only a small portion of the global carbon cycle, carbon dioxide's long residence time makes these emissions relevant for the total carbon balance. The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing changes to the global

text: climate

text: . Of the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that are introduced to the atmosphere each year, approximately 80% are from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. The other ~20% originate from land use change and deforestation. Because gaseous carbon dioxide does not react quickly with other chemicals, the main processes that change the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere involve exchanges with the earth's other carbon reservoirs, as explained in the following sections.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: individual CO molecules have a short residence time in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the industrial revolution

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long does it take for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide: volcanic eruptions, deforestation, or human activity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide: cement production or land use change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long does it take for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-lasting greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, land use change, or deforestation?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What is the most important because it makes up the largest fraction of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: It takes an extremely long time for carbon dioxide levels to sink

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, land use change, or deforestation?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures through the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: individual CO molecules have a short residence time

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: industrial revolution,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: approximately 80%

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: combustion of fossil fuels and cement production.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: atmosphere.Since the industrial revolution,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: industrial revolution,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: A number of initiatives are underway to monitor and track flows of international climate finance. Analysts at Climate Policy Initiative have tracked public and private sector climate finance flows from a variety of sources on a yearly basis since 2011. This work has fed into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Biennial Assessment and Overview of Climate Finance Flows  and the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report chapter on climate finance. These works, as well as research for Climate Funds Update, a joint project of the Overseas Development Institute and the Heinrich Böll Foundation, suggest the need for progress on a number of issues to make the monitoring of these flows more effective. In particular, they suggest that funds can do better at synchronizing their reporting of data, being consistent in the way that they report their figures, and providing detailed information on the implementation of projects and programmes over time. The Climate & Development Knowledge Network works to ensure developing nations benefit from climate finance.

text: A number of initiatives are underway to monitor and track flows of international climate finance. Analysts at Climate Policy Initiative have tracked public and private sector climate finance flows from a variety of sources on a yearly basis since 2011. This work has fed into the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: Biennial Assessment and Overview of Climate Finance Flows  and the

text: IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

text: chapter on climate finance. These works, as well as research for Climate Funds Update, a joint project of the

text: Overseas Development Institute

text: and the

text: Heinrich Böll Foundation

text: , suggest the need for progress on a number of issues to make the monitoring of these flows more effective. In particular, they suggest that funds can do better at synchronizing their reporting of data, being consistent in the way that they report their figures, and providing detailed information on the implementation of projects and programmes over time. The

entity_name: Climate and Development Knowledge Network

text: Climate & Development Knowledge Network

text: works to ensure developing nations benefit from climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: developing nations benefit from climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report chapter on climate finance discuss?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report chapter on climate finance discuss?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate finance

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate finance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change convention?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report chapter on climate finance suggest

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the difference from average temperature?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: developing nations benefit from climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: finance.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: A number of initiatives are underway to monitor and track flows of international climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate finance.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change

text: Landscape Development: The diverse landscape present in Zuffenhausen is due to a troubled geological history involving very different stabilities and solubilities in the different soils and stones in the municipal area. The mostly flat area composed largely of Loess, Brown and Black soils, thanks to a Pleistocene era ice age, made for very optimal prerequisites for later use beginning at around the time of the Neolithic Revolution. Though these fertile soils were spread generously across the river valley, some areas were less fertile than others and were thus better suited for pastures than agricultural adaptation. In the succeeding Holocene epoch, the landscape changed from Tundra into Deciduous forest. The Linear Pottery culture began the decades-long process of deforestation that would forever change the climate of Europe in the mid 6th Millennium BC. They were the first to repurpose the soil those forests once stood on and it made for such prosperous agriculture that hunting began to account for only 10% of all consumed food. However, pieces of that primordial forest still exist as the "Hofkammerwald" (named after the man who once owned the land), an area of over  that has been operated by the City of Stuttgart as a community forest since 1968. The eastern part of the forest is the present city park, the northern section near Neuwirtshaus is now Schützenwies Forest, the westernmost part in Weilimdorf is now called the Maierwald.

text: Landscape Development: The diverse landscape present in Zuffenhausen is due to a troubled geological history involving very different stabilities and solubilities in the different soils and stones in the municipal area. The mostly flat area composed largely of

text: Loess

text: Brown

text: and

text: Black soil

text: s, thanks to a

text: Pleistocene

text: era

text: ice age

text: , made for very optimal prerequisites for later use beginning at around the time of the

text: Neolithic Revolution

text: . Though these fertile soils were spread generously across the river valley, some areas were less fertile than others and were thus better suited for

text: pasture

text: s than

text: agricultural

text: adaptation. In the succeeding

text: Holocene

text: epoch

text: , the landscape changed from

text: Tundra

text: into

text: Deciduous forest

text: . The

text: Linear Pottery culture

text: began the decades-long process of deforestation that would forever change the climate of Europe in the mid 6th Millennium BC. They were the first to repurpose the soil those forests once stood on and it made for such prosperous agriculture that hunting began to account for only 10% of all consumed food. However, pieces of that primordial forest still exist as the "Hofkammerwald" (named after the man who once owned the land), an area of over  that has been operated by the City of Stuttgart as a

text: community forest

text: since 1968. The eastern part of the forest is the present city park, the northern section near Neuwirtshaus is now Schützenwies Forest, the westernmost part in

text: Weilimdorf

text: is now called the Maierwald.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: hunting began to account for only 10% of all consumed food

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: In the mid 6th Millennium BC, the landscape changed from Tundra into Deciduous forest

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after the Linear Pottery culture began the decades-long process of deforestation that would forever change the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Linear Pottery culture began the decades-long process of deforestation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hunting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the climate of Europe in the mid 6th Millennium BC?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the mid 6th Millennium BC

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years after the Linear Pottery culture began the decades-long process of deforestation would forever change the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How did the deforestation change the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the deforestation change the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: In the succeeding Holocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the diverse landscape present in Zuffenhausen?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: How would deforestation forever change the climate of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Linear Pottery culture began the decades-long process of deforestation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the climate of Europe in the mid 6th Millennium BC

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: hunting began to account for only 10% of all consumed food.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation that would forever change the climate of Europe

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hunting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 6th Millennium BC.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene era ice age,

text: Other theories of the causes of climate change fared no better. The principal advances were in observational paleoclimatology, as scientists in various fields of geology worked out methods to reveal ancient climates.  Wilmot H. Bradley found that annual varves of clay laid down in lake beds showed climate cycles. An Arizona astronomer, Andrew Ellicott Douglass, saw strong indications of climate change in tree rings. Noting that the rings were thinner in dry years, he reported climate effects from solar variations, particularly in connection with the 17th-century dearth of sunspots (the Maunder Minimum) noticed previously by William Herschel and others. Other scientists, however, found good reason to doubt that tree rings could reveal anything beyond random regional variations. The value of tree rings for climate study was not solidly established until the 1960s.

text: Other theories of the causes of climate change fared no better. The principal advances were in observational

text: paleoclimatology

text: , as scientists in various fields of

text: geology

text: worked out methods to reveal ancient climates.

text: Wilmot H. Bradley

text: found that annual

text: varve

text: s of clay laid down in lake beds showed climate cycles. An Arizona astronomer,

text: Andrew Ellicott Douglass

text: , saw strong indications of climate change in

text: tree rings

text: . Noting that the rings were thinner in dry years, he reported climate effects from solar variations, particularly in connection with the 17th-century dearth of

text: sunspots

text: (the

text: Maunder Minimum

text: ) noticed previously by

text: William Herschel

text: and others. Other scientists, however, found good reason to doubt that tree rings could reveal anything beyond random regional variations. The value of tree rings for climate study was not solidly established until the 1960s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tree rings could reveal anything beyond random regional variations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 17th-century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: solar variations, tree rings, or solar variations?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What was the Maunder Minimum?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tree rings

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the dearth of sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sunspots

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in lake beds

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Maunder Minimum

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Maunder Minimum

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the Maunder Minimum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: varves

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: random regional variations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Maunder Minimum

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tree rings could reveal anything beyond random regional variations.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 17th-century dearth of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 17th-century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 17th-century dearth of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 17th-century dearth of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 17th-century dearth of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sunspots

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: observational paleoclimatology,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sunspots

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 17th-century dearth of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The value of tree rings

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the 1960s.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (the Maunder Minimum)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (the Maunder Minimum)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (the Maunder Minimum)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate cycles.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: solar variations,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (the Maunder Minimum)

text: The appearance of mountains in the western United States during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, a period of some 25 million years, created a continental climate favorable to the evolution of grasslands. Existing forest biomes declined, and grasslands became much more widespread. Following the Pleistocene ice ages, grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates, and began to become the dominant land feature worldwide.

text: The appearance of mountains in the

text: western United States

text: during the

text: Miocene

text: and

text: Pliocene

text: epochs, a period of some 25 million years, created a continental climate favorable to the evolution of grasslands. Existing forest biomes declined, and grasslands became much more widespread. Following the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

text: s, grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates, and began to become the dominant land feature worldwide.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hotter

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused grasslands to become dominant land feature worldwide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: grasslands

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forest biomes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a drier climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: hotter, drier climates

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the Pleistocene ice ages affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: hotter, drier climates

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: forest biomes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hotter, drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The appearance of mountains in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The appearance of mountains in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: forest biomes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Existing forest biomes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continental climate favorable to the evolution of grasslands.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: grasslands.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Miocene and Pliocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The appearance of mountains in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The appearance of mountains in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: grasslands expanded in range in the hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The appearance of mountains in the western United States

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: hotter, drier climates,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

text: The links between the gradual environmental degradation of climate change and displacement are complex: as the decision to migrate is taken at the household level, it is difficult to measure the respective influence of climate change in these decisions with regard to other influencing factors, such as poverty, population growth or employment options. This situates the debate on environmental migration in a highly contested field: the use of the term 'environmental refugee', although commonly used in some contexts, is disrecommended by agencies such as the UNHCR who argue that the term 'refugee' has a strict legal definition which does not apply to environmental migrants. Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement on climate change, includes any provisions concerning specific assistance or protection for those who will be directly affected by climate change.

text: The links between the gradual environmental degradation of climate change and displacement are complex: as the decision to migrate is taken at the household level, it is difficult to measure the respective influence of climate change in these decisions with regard to other influencing factors, such as

text: poverty

text: population growth

text: or

text: employment

text: options. This situates the debate on

text: environmental migration

text: in a highly contested field: the use of the term 'environmental refugee', although commonly used in some contexts, is disrecommended by agencies such as the

entity_name: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

text: UNHCR

text: who argue that the term 'refugee' has a strict legal definition which does not apply to environmental migrants. Neither the

text: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: nor the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: , an international agreement on climate change, includes any provisions concerning specific assistance or protection for those who will be directly affected by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the term'refuge' has a strict legal definition which does not apply to environmental migrants

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: gradual environmental degradation

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are not included in the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the term 'environmental refugee' refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and displacement

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: employment options

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the term 'environmental refugee'

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: gradual environmental degradation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in a tropical ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the relationship between climate change and displacement?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is difficult to measure the respective influence of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: specific assistance or protection for those who will be directly affected by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: gradual environmental degradation

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The links between the gradual environmental degradation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: employment options.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: environmental degradation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

text: Scientists warn that climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons as climate change projections show that the difference in temperature between the ocean – the heat source for cyclones – and the storm tops – the cold parts of cyclones – are likely to increase. Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of high-intensity storms in selected ocean basins. While the effect changing climate is having on tropical storms remains largely unresolved scientists and president of Vanuatu Baldwin Lonsdale say the devastation caused by Pam, was aggravated by climate change.

text: Scientists warn that

text: climate change

text: could increase the intensity of typhoons as climate change projections show that the difference in temperature between the ocean – the heat source for cyclones – and the storm tops – the cold parts of cyclones – are likely to increase. Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of high-intensity storms in selected ocean basins. While the effect changing climate is having on tropical storms remains largely unresolved scientists and president of

text: Vanuatu

text: Baldwin Lonsdale

text: say the devastation caused by

text: Pam

text: , was aggravated by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effect changing climate is having on tropical storms remains largely unresolved

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat for typhoons?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat for typhoons: oceans, storm tops, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and typhoons are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause typhoons

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: difference in temperature between the ocean – the heat source for cyclones – and the storm tops

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of storm?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: storm tops

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the difference in temperature between the ocean

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Pam,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the difference in temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: the difference in temperature

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: frequency of high-intensity storms in selected ocean basins.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increase.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pam,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change could increase the intensity of typhoons

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: storm tops

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the difference in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: typhoons

text: It has been suggested that runaway global warming (runaway climate change) might cause Earth to become searingly hot like Venus. In less extreme scenarios, it could cause the end of civilization as we know it.

text: It has been suggested that runaway global warming (

text: runaway climate change

text: ) might cause Earth to become searingly hot like Venus. In less extreme scenarios, it could cause the end of civilization as we know it.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Earth will not become searingly hot like Venus

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: could cause the end of civilization?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: end of civilization

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could cause the end of civilization as we know it?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: searing heat

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: No

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Earth to become searingly hot

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: searingly hot

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: less extreme scenarios, it could cause the end of civilization

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: searingly hot like Venus.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been suggested that runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: It has been suggested that runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: It has been suggested that runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: searingly hot

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: runaway global warming

text: In the 1990s and 2000s, another theory regarding the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture emerged based on climatic change that took place at the end of their culture's existence that is known as the Blytt–Sernander Sub-Boreal phase. Beginning around 3200 BC, the earth's climate became colder and drier than it had ever been since the end of the last Ice age, resulting in the worst drought in the history of Europe since the beginning of agriculture. The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture relied primarily on farming, which would have collapsed under these climatic conditions in a scenario similar to the Dust Bowl of the American Midwest in the 1930s. According to The American Geographical Union, However, the Blytt–Sernander approach as a way to identify stages of technology in Europe with specific climate periods is an oversimplification not generally accepted. A conflict with that theoretical possibility is that during the warm Atlantic period, Denmark was occupied by Mesolithic cultures, rather than Neolithic, notwithstanding the climatic evidence. Moreover, the technology stages varied widely globally. To this must be added that the first period of the climate transformation ended 500 years before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and the second approximately 1400 years after.

text: In the 1990s and 2000s, another theory regarding the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture emerged based on climatic change that took place at the end of their culture's existence that is known as the

text: Blytt–Sernander Sub-Boreal

text: phase. Beginning around 3200 BC, the earth's climate became colder and drier than it had ever been since the end of the last

text: Ice age

text: , resulting in the worst drought in the history of Europe since the beginning of agriculture. The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture relied primarily on farming, which would have collapsed under these climatic conditions in a scenario similar to the

text: Dust Bowl

text: of the American Midwest in the 1930s. According to The American Geographical Union, However, the Blytt–Sernander approach as a way to identify stages of technology in Europe with specific climate periods is an oversimplification not generally accepted. A conflict with that theoretical possibility is that during the warm

text: Atlantic period

text: Denmark

text: was occupied by

text: Mesolithic

text: cultures, rather than

text: Neolithic

text: , notwithstanding the climatic evidence. Moreover, the technology stages varied widely globally. To this must be added that the first period of the climate transformation ended 500 years before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and the second approximately 1400 years after.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture relied primarily on farming, which would have collapsed under these climatic conditions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 3200 BC

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and the second approximately 1400 years after?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the worst drought in the history of Europe since the beginning of agriculture

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What would have collapsed under these climatic conditions in a scenario similar to the Dust Bowl of the American Midwest in the 1930s?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Cucuteni-Trypillian culture

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the worst drought in the history of Europe since the beginning of agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: worst drought in the history of Europe since the beginning of agriculture

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: around 3200 BC

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and the second approximately 1400 years after?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and the second approximately 1400 years after?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why did the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture collapse?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture collapse?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Atlantic period

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 3200 BC

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: drier than it had ever been since the end of the last Ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: warm Atlantic period,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Blytt–Sernander Sub-Boreal phase.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Dust Bowl of the American Midwest

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Neolithic,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Dust Bowl of the American Midwest

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: worst drought

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the earth's climate became colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2000s,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Dust Bowl of the American Midwest

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warm Atlantic period,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Blytt–Sernander Sub-Boreal phase.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Blytt–Sernander Sub-Boreal phase.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Dust Bowl of the American Midwest in the 1930s.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warm Atlantic period,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 3200 BC,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder and drier

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 3200 BC,

text: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change: A Scientific Symposium on Stabilisation of Greenhouse Gases was a 2005 international conference that examined the link between atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration, and the 2 °C (3.6 °F) ceiling on global warming thought necessary to avoid the most serious effects of global warming. Previously this had generally been accepted as being 550 ppm.

text: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change: A Scientific Symposium on Stabilisation of Greenhouse Gases was a 2005 international conference that examined the link between atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: concentration, and the 2 °C (3.6 °F) ceiling on

text: global warming

text: thought necessary to avoid the most serious

text: effects of global warming

text: . Previously this had generally been accepted as being 550

text: ppm

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Previously this had generally been accepted as being 550 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3.6 °F

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 550 ppm

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 550 ppm

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 3.6 °F

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does global warming affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 3.6 °F

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 3.6 degrees

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of greenhouse gases: block sunlight and cool the planet?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 550 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 550 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2 °C (3.6 °F)

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change:

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 2 °C (3.6 °F)

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Stabilisation of Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2 °C (3.6 °F)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2 °C (3.6 °F)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change:

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 550 ppm.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: (3.6 °F)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2 °C

text: Like other parts of the world, climate in Idaho has changed dramatically over the geologic history of the Earth.  Paleo-climatic records give some indication of these changes.  The longest instrumented records of climate in Idaho extend back to the late 1800s.  Concern over human induced climate change through the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and methane from agriculture and industry, are driving research efforts across the state at university, state, and federals levels to understand what the implications of climate change could be in Idaho.

text: Like other parts of the world,

text: climate

text: in

text: Idaho

text: has changed dramatically over the geologic history of the Earth.  Paleo-climatic records give some indication of these changes.  The longest instrumented records of climate in Idaho extend back to the late 1800s.  Concern over human induced climate change through the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and methane from agriculture and industry, are driving research efforts across the state at university, state, and federals levels to understand what the implications of climate change could be in Idaho.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate in Idaho has changed dramatically over the geologic history of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatically

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: late 1800s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide from fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, methane from agriculture, or solar spots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and methane from agriculture and industry are driving research efforts

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent climate change in Idaho?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: methane from agriculture

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the troposphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and methane from agriculture and industry?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the longest instrumented records of climate in Idaho extend back to the late 1800s?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of change: Paleo-climatic records or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate in Idaho?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human induced

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Paleo-climatic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Idaho has changed dramatically

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatically

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: late 1800s.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human induced climate change through the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: methane from agriculture and industry,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate in Idaho has changed dramatically over the geologic history of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: emission of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Concern over human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Concern over human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: late 1800s.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Paleo-climatic records

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Idaho

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: human induced climate change

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see IPCC) states that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and that increased quantities within the atmosphere will "very likely" lead to higher average temperatures on a global scale (global warming); concerns regarding the potential for such warming to change the global climate prompted IPCC recommendations calling for large cuts to CO emissions worldwide.

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see

text: IPCC

text: ) states that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and that increased quantities within the atmosphere will "very likely" lead to higher average temperatures on a global scale (

text: global warming

text: ); concerns regarding the potential for such warming to change the global climate prompted IPCC recommendations calling for large cuts to CO emissions worldwide.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher average temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the IPCC refer to as a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cuts to CO emissions worldwide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can lead to higher average temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: higher average temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CO emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: higher average temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: higher average temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher average temperatures on a global scale (global warming);

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (global warming);

text: AMOS has issued a Statement on Climate Change, wherein they conclude, “Global climate change and global warming are real and observable…It is highly likely that those human activities that have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been largely responsible for the observed warming since 1950. The warming associated with increases in greenhouse gases originating from human activity is called the enhanced greenhouse effect. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by more than 30% since the start of the industrial age and is higher now than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years. This increase is a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.”

text: AMOS has issued a Statement on Climate Change, wherein they conclude, “Global

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

text: are real and observable…It is highly likely that those human activities that have increased the concentration of

text: greenhouse gases

text: in the

text: atmosphere

text: have been largely responsible for the observed warming since 1950. The warming associated with increases in greenhouse gases originating from human activity is called the enhanced

text: greenhouse effect

text: . The atmospheric concentration of

text: carbon dioxide

text: has increased by more than 30% since the start of the

text: industrial age

text: and is higher now than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years. This increase is a direct result of burning

text: fossil fuels

text: , broad-scale

text: deforestation

text: and other human activity.”

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming are real and observable

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1950

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does AMOS refer to as the enhanced greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation and other human activity

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is highly likely that those human activities

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is highly likely

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 650,000 years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the past 650,000 years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: “Global climate change and global warming are real and observable...It

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1950.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.”

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: broad-scale deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: “Global climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1950.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: “Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1950.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activities that have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities that have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1950.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 650,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: enhanced greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: enhanced greenhouse effect.

text: Abram’s research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems. She uses Porites corals, Speleothem samples from caves and Ice core samples to reconstruct climate changes in the past to provide a crucial long-term perspective on recent and projected future climate changes. Abram's publication record includes first-author papers across the scientific journals of Science, Nature, Nature Geoscience, and Nature Climate Change.

text: Abram’s research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems. She uses

text: Porites

text: corals,

text: Speleothem

text: samples from caves and

text: Ice core

text: samples to reconstruct climate changes in the past to provide a crucial long-term perspective on recent and projected future climate changes. Abram's publication record includes first-author papers across the scientific journals of

text: Science

text: Nature

text: Nature Geoscience

text: , and

text: Nature Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Abram's research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Antarctica existed

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: Antarctic or tropical?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Abram's research expertise spans what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Abram's research expertise spans

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Abram's research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term perspective on climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: Antarctic or tropical?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a living thing: corals, Speleothem samples from caves, or Ice core samples?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Abram

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Abram's research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Abram

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice core

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Nature Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Porites corals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Ice core samples to reconstruct climate changes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice core samples

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Ice core samples to reconstruct climate changes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Abram’s research expertise spans Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Nature Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice core samples to reconstruct climate changes

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice core

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: recent and projected future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Antarctic and tropical climate systems.

text: Climate change has been actively discussed and progressed on the agenda since 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve. Active steps have been taken by Noosa Biosphere Limited to address climate change, including continually educating and engaging the community about climate change and its potential effect on the area, gathering community feedback on the issue, promoting government initiatives such as the Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour, engaging climate change experts for advice and guidance, supporting carbon pollution legislation, and a draft ‘Noosa Climate Action Plan’ created in 2011. In addition to the above, Noosa Biosphere Limited has also compiled and updated lists of both fauna and flora present in the area, noting issues such as state significance, commonwealth significance, scientific names, conservation status, and regionally specific comments. A key project for the reserve, starting from the 2012/2013 financial year, is the production of the ‘State of the Biosphere Report’ to measure its progress. Research is supported by the Noosa Biosphere Reserve, with a research centre proposed for the area. Lastly, Noosa Biosphere Limited is an active advocate of upgrading conservation statuses of protected zones. This will provide further stability for all species in the area, along with all of the other measures currently endorsed by the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Noosa Biosphere Limited is an active advocate of upgrading conservation statuses of protected zones

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not present in the Noosa Biosphere Reserve: commonwealth significance, scientific names, conservation status, or state significance?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon pollution legislation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon pollution

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: commonwealth significance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of climate change has been discussed and progressed?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What will provide further stability for all species in the area?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the potential effect on the area?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change experts

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2012/2013

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon pollution legislation,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon pollution legislation,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon pollution

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: commonwealth significance,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: stability for all species

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change has been actively discussed and progressed on the agenda since 2009

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2012/2013

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change has been actively discussed and progressed on the agenda since 2009

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change has been actively discussed and progressed on the agenda since 2009

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Queensland Premier’s ClimateSmart Sustainability Awards and Earth Hour,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2009 for the Noosa Biosphere Reserve.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Earth Hour,

text: In Europe, the leopard is known at least since the Pleistocene. Fossil bones and teeth dating from the Pliocene were found in Perrier in France, northeast of London, and in Valdarno (Italy). Similar fossils dating back to the Pleistocene were excavated mostly in loess and caves at 40 sites in the continent - from near Lisbon, near Gibraltar, and Santander Province in northern Spain to several sites in France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, in the north up to Derby in England, in the east to Přerov in the Czech Republic, and the Baranya in southern Hungary. The Pleistocene leopards of Europe can be divided into four subsequent subspecies. The first European leopard subspecies P. p. begoueni is known from the beginning of the early Pleistocene and was replaced about 0.6 million years ago by P. p. sickenbergi, which in turn was replaced by P. p. antiqua around 0.3 million years ago. The most recent form, the Late Pleistocene Ice Age leopard (P. p. spelaea), appeared at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene and survived until about 24,000 years ago in several parts of Europe.

text: In Europe, the leopard is known at least since the Pleistocene. Fossil bones and teeth dating from the

text: Pliocene

text: were found in

text: Perrier

text: in

text: France

text: , northeast of

text: London

text: , and in

text: Valdarno

text: Italy

text: ). Similar fossils dating back to the

text: Pleistocene

text: were excavated mostly in

text: loess

text: and caves at 40 sites in the continent - from near

text: Lisbon

text: , near

text: Gibraltar

text: , and

text: Santander Province

text: in northern

text: Spain

text: to several sites in France,

text: Switzerland

text: , Italy,

text: Austria

text: Germany

text: , in the north up to

text: Derby

text: in

text: England

text: , in the east to

text: Přerov

text: in the

text: Czech Republic

text: , and the

text: Baranya

text: in southern

text: Hungary

text: . The Pleistocene leopards of Europe can be divided into four subsequent subspecies. The first European leopard subspecies P. p. begoueni is known from the beginning of the early Pleistocene and was replaced about 0.6 million years ago by P. p. sickenbergi, which in turn was replaced by P. p. antiqua around 0.3 million years ago. The most recent form, the

text: Late Pleistocene Ice Age leopard

text: (P. p. spelaea), appeared at the beginning of the

text: Late Pleistocene

text: and survived until about 24,000 years ago in several parts of Europe.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Pleistocene leopards of Europe can be divided into four subsequent subspecies

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 24,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the most recent form, the Pleistocene Ice Age leopard?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the most recent form of the Pleistocene leopard?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene leopards of Europe survive?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Leopards of Europe

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene leopards of Europe survive in several parts of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in southern Hungary

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene Ice Age leopard?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Pleistocene leopards?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the most recent form, the Pleistocene Ice Age leopard?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 24,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 24,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: leopard is known at least since the Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: leopard is known at least since the Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: leopard is known at least since the Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Hungary.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Late Pleistocene Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late Pleistocene Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Late Pleistocene Ice Age leopard

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene.

text: The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect.

text: The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.In this sense, especially in the context of

text: environmental policy

text: , the term climate change has become synonymous with

text: anthropogenic

text: global warming

text: . Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing

text: greenhouse gas

text: levels affect.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming refers to surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does climate change include?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term used to refer specifically to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a climate change caused by human activity

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as part of Earth's natural processes?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: natural processes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural processes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Earth's natural processes.In

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural processes.In

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: natural processes.In

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural processes.In

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

text: The conference was officially referred to as the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties  to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties  to the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC – the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) – were likely to hold their 35th sessions. The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies – the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) – so they were expected to meet as well.

text: The conference was officially referred to as the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties  to the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC) and the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties  to the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: . In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC – the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) – were likely to hold their 35th sessions. The

entity_name: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies – the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) – so they were expected to meet as well.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of the world's greenhouse gases are emitted by humans?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Subsidiary Body for Implementation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the climate change conference?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What kind of changes can climate change cause?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: UNFCCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change

text: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive. This poses a problem for southern rockhopper penguins. Depending on how Crustaceans and other prey adapt to survive, penguins will have to adapt or disperse as well. E. chrysocome's foraging behavior is largely dependent and shaped by the environment, including factors like weather and food availability. As temperatures around the world increase then something will have to change once more in order for the species to survive. Penguins are able to live and thrive in a variety of climates due to the penguins' phenotypic plasticity. However, they are predicted to respond by dispersal, not adaptation this time. This is explained due to their long life spans and slow microevolution. Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters, it would be very hard to survive and keep up with the fast changing climate because these behaviors took years to shape.

text: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive. This poses a problem for southern rockhopper penguins. Depending on how Crustaceans and other prey adapt to survive, penguins will have to adapt or disperse as well. E. chrysocome's foraging behavior is largely dependent and shaped by the environment, including factors like weather and food availability. As temperatures around the world increase then something will have to change once more in order for the species to survive. Penguins are able to live and thrive in a variety of climates due to the penguins'

text: phenotypic plasticity

text: . However, they are predicted to respond by

text: dispersal

text: , not adaptation this time. This is explained due to their long life spans and slow

text: microevolution

text: . Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters, it would be very hard to survive and keep up with the fast changing climate because these behaviors took years to shape.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a species adapting to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of penguin: southern rockhopper penguins, crustaceans, or food availability?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a problem for penguins?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Crustaceans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: penguins

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How do penguins respond to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: penguins will have to adapt or disperse

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which place?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in penguins' foraging behavior?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: subtropical waters, penguins or penguins in the subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to penguins?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true of penguins?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How would penguins in the subantarctic respond?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a reason penguins are able to live and thrive in a variety of climates?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is true of penguins?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would the penguins respond to this?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is true of penguins?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: As temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: E. chrysocome's

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: As the climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: long life spans and slow microevolution.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: something will have to change once more in order for the species to survive.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: something will have to change once more in order for the species to survive.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: something will have to change once more in order for the species to survive.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperatures around the world increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: subantarctic

text: The Brothers' War, referenced in the set Antiquities and the Urza block, has thrown Dominaria into a drastic climate change. The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age has begun. Most of society has been lost; all that remains are the soldier nation of Kjeldor, the barbarians of Balduvia, and the elvish society of Fyndhorn. These people must battle against the necromancer Lim-Dûl who has begun to conduct twisted experiments. Meanwhile, the wizard Zur the Enchanter trains new wizards to survive in the harsh environment.

text: The Brothers' War, referenced in the set

text: Antiquities

text: and the Urza block, has thrown Dominaria into a drastic climate change. The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age has begun. Most of society has been lost; all that remains are the soldier nation of Kjeldor, the barbarians of Balduvia, and the elvish society of Fyndhorn. These people must battle against the

text: necromancer

text: Lim-Dûl who has begun to conduct twisted experiments. Meanwhile, the wizard Zur the Enchanter trains new wizards to survive in the harsh environment.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Most of society has been lost

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Dominaria

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What has caused Dominaria's climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What has caused the temperature to drop sharply?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Lim-Dûl has begun to conduct twisted experiments

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The Brothers' War

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: The Brothers' War

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What has caused Dominaria to experience a drastic climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the climate change?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does the Brothers' War affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How does the Brothers' War affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the reason for the Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Brothers' War,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The Brothers' War,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the wizard Zur the Enchanter trains new wizards

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Most of society has been lost;

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Brothers' War,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply and a new Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Brothers' War,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The temperature has dropped sharply

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

text: Environmental efforts include research on the global carbon cycle and possible mitigation of the impacts of climate change. When it started in 1978, BER's Climate Change Research Program was the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of greenhouse gases on climate and environment. The Office of Science climate change research program is now the third largest in the U.S.

text: Environmental efforts include research on the

text: global carbon cycle

text: and possible mitigation of the impacts of

text: climate change

text: . When it started in 1978, BER's Climate Change Research Program was the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es on climate and environment. The Office of Science climate change research program is now the third largest in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Office of Science climate change research program is now the third largest in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1978

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of greenhouse gases on climate and environment

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the first U.S. research program to investigate the effects of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, and the global carbon cycle are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the Office of Science climate change research program been in operation?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mitigation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Environmental efforts include research on the global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: third largest in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: third largest in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: third largest in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Environmental efforts include research on the global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1978,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change.

text: Climate change in Finland  discuss the climate change issues in Finland.

text: Climate change in Finland  discuss the

text: climate change

text: issues in

text: Finland

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is not a problem in Finland.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do sunspots look like?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: An El Nio event is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia is a type of tropical depression.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change in finland

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the reason for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming will cause weather to be more extreme.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change in finland

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does climate change mean for living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The last ice age covered much of North America.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Discuss plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change in Finland.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing for many decades.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the average temperature in Finland?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change issues in Finland.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Finland

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Finland

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Finland

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Finland

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate change in Finland

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change issues in Finland.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate change in Finland

text: It is accepted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy that the Holocene started approximately 11,700 years ago. The epoch follows the Pleistocene and the last glacial period (local names for the last glacial period include the Wisconsinan in North America, the Weichselian in Europe, the Devensian in Britain, the Llanquihue in Chile and the Otiran in New Zealand). The Holocene can be subdivided into five time intervals, or chronozones, based on climatic fluctuations:

text: It is accepted by the

entity_name: International Commission on Stratigraphy

text: International Commission on Stratigraphy

text: that the Holocene started approximately 11,700 years ago. The epoch follows the

text: Pleistocene

text: and the

text: last glacial period

text: (local names for the last glacial period include the

text: Wisconsinan

text: in North America, the

text: Weichselian

text: in Europe, the Devensian in Britain, the

text: Llanquihue

text: in Chile and the Otiran in New Zealand). The Holocene can be subdivided into five time intervals, or

text: chronozone

text: s, based on climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Holocene started approximately 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: approximately 11,700 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be subdivided into five

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be subdivided into five time intervals

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a climatic fluctuation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Chile

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Holocene can be subdivided into five time intervals

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Holocene?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Wisconsinan

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatic fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Weichselian

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Weichselian

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 11,700 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,700

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 11,700 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 11,700

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene and the last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Wisconsinan

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: chronozones,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Llanquihue

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic fluctuations:

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Llanquihue

text: Tong has been at the forefront of raising global awareness about catastrophic risks caused by climate change.  With his atoll nation of Kiribati rising an average height of two meters above sea level, rising sea levels due to climate change pose an existential threat to Kiribati and other small island states in the Pacific. Tong directed Kiribati’s purchase of approximately 20 square kilometers of land in Fiji in 2014  as an contingency refuge for his people.  This follows advice from the IPCC following its fifth assessment that many Pacific Island states such as Kiribati could be submerged by rising sea levels within a few decades.  Tong has said the purchase of land in Fiji was partly an investment in property, partly for food security purposes since it is prime farming land, but also a last resort it could be a home for the I-Kiribati people fleeing from the effects of climate change.  Anote Tong, dubbed as a ‘climate warrior’, pioneered the notion of ‘migration with dignity’ to avoid the people of Kiribati from becoming ‘climate refugees’.

text: Tong has been at the forefront of raising global awareness about catastrophic risks caused by climate change.  With his atoll nation of Kiribati rising an average height of two meters above sea level,

text: rising sea levels

text: due to

text: climate change

text: pose an existential threat to Kiribati and other small island states in the Pacific. Tong directed Kiribati’s purchase of approximately 20 square kilometers of land in

text: Fiji

text: in 2014  as an contingency refuge for his people.  This follows advice from the

text: IPCC

text: following its

text: fifth assessment

text: that many Pacific Island states such as Kiribati could be submerged by rising sea levels within a few decades.  Tong has said the purchase of land in Fiji was partly an investment in property, partly for food security purposes since it is prime farming land, but also a last resort it could be a home for the I-Kiribati people fleeing from the effects of climate change.  Anote Tong, dubbed as a ‘climate warrior’, pioneered the notion of ‘migration with dignity’ to avoid the people of Kiribati from becoming ‘climate refugees’.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kiribati rising an average height of two meters above sea level

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many square kilometers of land did Kiribati purchase in Fiji?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by climate change: rising sea levels, rising sea levels due to climate change, or rising sea levels due to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Kiribati's purchase of 20 square kilometers of land in Fiji

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many square kilometers of land did Kiribati purchase in Fiji?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Kiribati rising an average height of two meters above sea level

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How does climate change affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to Kiribati?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would climate change affect Kiribati?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Kiribati

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Kiribati and other small island states in the Pacific

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 meters above sea level

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ‘climate refugees’.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two meters above sea level,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 20 square kilometers of land in Fiji

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: food security purposes since it is prime farming land,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Fiji

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Fiji

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: catastrophic risks caused by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: two meters above sea level,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: fifth

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Anote Tong,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Fiji

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 20 square kilometers of land in Fiji

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Anote Tong,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two meters above sea level,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Fiji

text: Changes in the Walker circulation with time occur in conjunction with changes in surface temperature.  Some of these changes are forced externally, such as the seasonal shift of the sun into the Northern Hemisphere in summer.  Other changes appear to be the result of coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback in which, for example,  easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east, enhancing the zonal heat contrast and hence intensifying easterly winds across the basin. These anomalous easterlies induce more equatorial upwelling and raise the thermocline in the east, amplifying the initial cooling by the southerlies. This coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback was originally proposed by Bjerknes. From an oceanographic point of view, the equatorial cold tongue is caused by easterly winds. Were the Earth climate symmetric about the equator, cross-equatorial wind would vanish, and the cold tongue would be much weaker and have a very different zonal structure than is observed today.

text: Changes in the Walker circulation with time occur in conjunction with changes in surface temperature.  Some of these changes are forced externally, such as the seasonal shift of the sun into the Northern Hemisphere in summer.  Other changes appear to be the result of coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback in which, for example,  easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east, enhancing the zonal heat contrast and hence intensifying easterly winds across the basin. These anomalous easterlies induce more equatorial

text: upwelling

text: and raise the thermocline in the east, amplifying the initial cooling by the southerlies. This coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback was originally proposed by Bjerknes. From an oceanographic point of view, the equatorial cold tongue is caused by easterly winds. Were the Earth climate symmetric about the equator, cross-equatorial wind would vanish, and the cold tongue would be much weaker and have a very different zonal structure than is observed today.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Walker circulation with time occur in conjunction with changes in surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the result of coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes the Walker circulation with time?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: easterly winds

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Walker circulation with time

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause easterly winds across the basin

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in conjunction with changes in surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the Walker circulation with time?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Walker circulation?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does the Walker circulation with time occur?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anomalous easterlies

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a very different zonal structure than is observed today.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: equatorial cold tongue

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: upwelling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: equatorial cold tongue

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: symmetric about the equator,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: today.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Walker circulation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: seasonal shift of the sun into the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: seasonal shift of the sun into the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: intensifying easterly winds across the basin.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: seasonal shift of the sun

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: southerlies.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anomalous easterlies

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: equatorial cold tongue

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: upwelling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: easterly winds cause the sea surface temperature to fall in the east,

text: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene epoch, glaciation took place in the area. Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets, at times reaching over  in thickness. Periodic climate changes resulted in corresponding advances and retreats of ice.

text: Between two million years ago the

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch,

text: glaciation

text: took place in the area. Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets, at times reaching over  in thickness. Periodic climate changes resulted in corresponding advances and retreats of ice.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciation has never occurred in North America.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a result of glaciation: glacial ice sheets, glacial ice sheets, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: glacial ice sheets, and glacial ice sheets are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause ice sheets to retreat

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: advances and retreats of ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: between two million years ago

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago was glaciation in the area?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: advances and retreats of ice.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: two million years ago the Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: advances and retreats of ice.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Periodic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Periodic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: two million years ago the Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate changes resulted in corresponding advances and retreats of ice.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: advances and retreats of ice.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Periodic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Large parts of northern North America were repeatedly covered with glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Between two million years ago the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Periodic climate changes

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: advances and retreats of ice.

text: Climate change became a major issue for governments, populations and scientists. Debates on global warming and its causes made significant progress, as climate change denials were refuted by most scientific studies. Decisive reports such as the Stern Review and the 2007 IPCC Report almost established a climate change consensus. NGOs' actions and the commitment of political personalities (such as former U.S. Vice President Al Gore) also urged to international reactions against climate change. Documentary films An Inconvenient Truth and Home may have had a decisive impact.

text: Climate change became a major issue for governments, populations and scientists.

text: Debates on global warming

text: and its causes made significant progress, as

text: climate change denial

text: s were refuted by

text: most scientific studies

text: . Decisive reports such as the

text: Stern Review

text: and the

text: 2007 IPCC Report

text: almost established a climate change consensus. NGOs' actions and the commitment of political personalities (such as former U.S. Vice President

text: Al Gore

text: ) also urged to international reactions against climate change. Documentary films

text: An Inconvenient Truth

text: and

text: Home

text: may have had a decisive impact.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denials

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What did the Stern Review and the 2007 IPCC Report almost establish a climate change consensus?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What did the Stern Review and the 2007 IPCC Report almost establish?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: An Inconvenient Truth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the film that had a decisive impact?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the climate change consensus?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did the Stern Review and the 2007 IPCC Report almost establish?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what would increase Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denials

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: scientists.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change denials were refuted by most scientific studies.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change denials were refuted by most scientific studies.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2007 IPCC Report

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change denials were refuted by most scientific studies.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century, affected the climate substantially, subsequently global temperatures decreased by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) for up to three years. Thus, the cooling over large parts of the Earth reduced surface temperatures in 1991-93, the equivalent to a reduction in net radiation of 4 watts per square meter. The Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 caused the Year Without a Summer. Much larger eruptions, known as large igneous provinces, occur only a few times every fifty - hundred million years - through flood basalt, and caused in Earth past global warming and mass extinctions.

text: The eruption of

text: Mount Pinatubo

text: in 1991, the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century, affected the climate substantially, subsequently global temperatures decreased by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) for up to three years. Thus, the cooling over large parts of the Earth reduced surface temperatures in 1991-93, the equivalent to a reduction in net radiation of 4 watts per square meter. The

text: Mount Tambora

text: eruption in 1815 caused the

text: Year Without a Summer

text: . Much larger eruptions, known as

text: large igneous province

text: s, occur only a few times every fifty - hundred million years - through

text: flood basalt

text: , and caused in Earth past global warming and

text: mass extinction

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global temperatures decreased by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) for up to three years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.9 °F

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the eruption of Mount Tambora did global temperatures decrease by about 0.5 °C?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the Year Without a Summer?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and mass extinctions are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the Year Without a Summer?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperatures decreased by about 0.5 °C

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Earth past global warming and mass extinctions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the eruption of Mount Pinatubo affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did global temperatures decrease by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) for up to three years?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo or the eruption of Mount Tambora?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen if global temperatures increase?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many years did the Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 cause the Year Without a Summer?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which happened first, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 or the Year Without a Summer?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: what is the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Year Without a Summer

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1991-93

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.9 °F

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Year Without a Summer

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.5 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1815

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 4 watts per square meter.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Year Without a Summer.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Year Without a Summer.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling over large parts of the Earth reduced surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: a few times every fifty - hundred million years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 0.5 °C (0.9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 0.5 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The eruption of Mount Pinatubo

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Much larger eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming and mass extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: fifty - hundred million years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.5 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The eruption of Mount Pinatubo

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The eruption of Mount Pinatubo

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 4 watts per square meter.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Year Without a Summer.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Mount Tambora eruption in 1815

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1991-93,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling over large parts of the Earth reduced surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.5 °C (0.9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Year Without a Summer.

text: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions, and its Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency has established the Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP), which aims to understand the causes, nature, timing, and consequences of climate change so as to inform the Australian response. The ACCSP will dedicate $14.4 million per year towards climate change research and has already made substantial progress with a recent publication, Australian Climate Change Research: Perspectives on Successes, Challenges, and Future Directions.

text: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions, and its

entity_name: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

text: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

text: has established the Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP), which aims to understand the causes, nature, timing, and consequences of climate change so as to inform the Australian response. The ACCSP will dedicate $14.4 million per year towards climate change research and has already made substantial progress with a recent publication, Australian Climate Change Research: Perspectives on Successes, Challenges, and Future Directions.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major cause of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: changing climatic conditions, sunspots, or energy efficiency?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ACCSP

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Australian Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the climate of Australia?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changing climatic conditions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: $14.4 million

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Energy Efficiency

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Energy Efficiency

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: causes,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP),

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Government of Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Australia acknowledges the impacts of changing climatic conditions,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: In early 2010, Plimer and Christopher Monckton toured Australia giving lectures on climate change, and Plimer's views came to be associated with Monckton's claim that the international left created the threat of catastrophic global warming. On this association, left-wing columnist Phillip Adams commented: "Praise the lord for Lord Monckton! For Ian Plimer! For [conservative columnist] Andrew Bolt! Not only does this evil axis of scientists tell lies [about the Greenhouse Effect] but they've also doctored the weather to frighten people with huge droughts, cyclones and tsunamis to prove what they now call 'global warming'." Plimer’s book Not for Greens expanded this view, in  their review for this book by publishers Connorcourt Publishing  state “Much of the green movement has now morphed into an unelected extremist political pressure group accountable to no one. Greens create problems, many of which are concocted, and provide no solutions because of a lack of basic knowledge. This book examines green policies in the light of established knowledge and shows that they are unrealistic.” Climate scientist  Ian McHugh "Fact Checks" some of the claims in the book  and finds a numbers of issues. He does not address the political questions raised in the book.

text: In early 2010, Plimer and

entity_name: Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley

text: Christopher Monckton

text: toured Australia giving lectures on climate change, and Plimer's views came to be associated with Monckton's claim that the international left created the threat of catastrophic global warming. On this association, left-wing columnist

text: Phillip Adams

text: commented: "Praise the lord for Lord Monckton! For Ian Plimer! For [conservative columnist] Andrew Bolt! Not only does this evil axis of scientists tell lies [about the Greenhouse Effect] but they've also doctored the weather to frighten people with huge droughts, cyclones and tsunamis to prove what they now call 'global warming'." Plimer’s book Not for Greens expanded this view, in  their review for this book by publishers Connorcourt Publishing  state “Much of the green movement has now morphed into an unelected extremist political pressure group accountable to no one. Greens create problems, many of which are concocted, and provide no solutions because of a lack of basic knowledge. This book examines green policies in the light of established knowledge and shows that they are unrealistic.” Climate scientist  Ian McHugh "Fact Checks" some of the claims in the book  and finds a numbers of issues. He does not address the political questions raised in the book.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the international left created the threat of catastrophic global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the Greenhouse Effect refer to?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: droughts, cyclones, or tsunamis?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather event: droughts, cyclones, or tsunamis?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: huge droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Droughts

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Droughts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the international left created the threat of catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: cyclones and tsunamis

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: international left

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: huge droughts, cyclones and tsunamis

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Plimer and Christopher Monckton

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Plimer and Christopher Monckton

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Plimer and Christopher Monckton

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Plimer and Christopher Monckton

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 'global warming'." Plimer’s book Not for Greens

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Plimer and Christopher Monckton

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Greenhouse Effect]

text: Since the 1990s, a significant part of the US conservative movement has worked to challenge climate science and climate policy. Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming. While the scientific consensus for human activity created climate-warming is around 97%, according to a Pew Research survey, 44% of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change, and 23% of Republicans. Republican views on global warming and scientific consensus on climate change show a similar trend, and few Republican lawmakers support climate policy that builds on international consensus.

text: Since the 1990s, a significant part of the US conservative movement has worked to challenge climate science and climate policy. Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming. While the scientific consensus for human activity created climate-warming is around 97%, according to a

text: Pew Research

text: survey, 44% of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change, and 23% of Republicans. Republican views on global warming and scientific consensus on climate change show a similar trend, and few Republican lawmakers support climate policy that builds on international consensus.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the causes of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many percent of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 23% of Republicans.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 97%,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Republican lawmakers support climate policy that builds on international consensus.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate-warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the scientific consensus for human activity created climate-warming is around 97%,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 97%,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Republicans are divided over acknowledging the human causes of climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 97%,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate-warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate-warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate-warming

text: The present pattern of ice ages began about  and then intensified during the Pleistocene about . High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating about every 40,000–. The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

text: The present pattern of

text: ice age

text: s began about  and then intensified during the

text: Pleistocene

text: about . High-

text: latitude

text: regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating about every 40,000–. The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the last continental glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years ago did the last continental glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is a form of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the last continental glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: glaciation and thaw

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago did the last continental glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the last continental glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may be the reason for the ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: about

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: about

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: High-latitude regions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: glaciation and thaw,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about every 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: High-latitude regions

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The present pattern of ice ages

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 40,000–.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation and thaw,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: High-latitude regions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: The common kestrels of Europe living during cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation differed slightly in size from the current population; they are sometimes referred to as paleosubspecies F. t. atavus (see also Bergmann's Rule). The remains of these birds, which presumably were the direct ancestors of the living F. t. tinnunculus (and perhaps other subspecies), are found throughout the then-unglaciated parts of Europe, from the Late Pliocene (ELMA Villanyian/ICS Piacenzian, MN16) about 3 million years ago to the Middle Pleistocene Saalian glaciation which ended about 130,000 years ago, when they finally gave way to birds indistinguishable from those living today. Some of the voles the Ice Age common kestrels ate—such as European pine voles (Microtus subterraneus)—were indistinguishable from those alive today. Other prey species of that time evolved more rapidly (like M. malei, the presumed ancestor of today's tundra vole M. oeconomus), while yet again others seem to have gone entirely extinct without leaving any living descendants—for example Pliomys lenki, which apparently fell victim to the Weichselian glaciation about 100,000 years ago.

text: The common kestrels of Europe living during cold periods of the

text: Quaternary glaciation

text: differed slightly in size from the current population; they are sometimes referred to as

text: paleosubspecies

text: F. t. atavus (see also

text: Bergmann's Rule

text: ). The remains of these birds, which presumably were the direct ancestors of the living F. t. tinnunculus (and perhaps other subspecies), are found throughout the then-unglaciated parts of Europe, from the

text: Late Pliocene

text: ELMA

text: Villanyian

text: ICS

text: Piacenzian

text: ) about 3

text: million years ago

text: to the

text: Middle Pleistocene

text: Saalian

text: glaciation which ended about 130,000 years ago, when they finally gave way to birds indistinguishable from those living today. Some of the

text: vole

text: s the Ice Age common kestrels ate—such as

text: European pine vole

text: s (Microtus subterraneus)—were indistinguishable from those alive today. Other prey species of that time

text: evolve

text: d more rapidly (like

text: M. malei

text: , the presumed ancestor of today's

text: tundra vole

text: M. oeconomus), while yet again others seem to have gone entirely

text: extinct

text: without leaving any living descendants—for example

text: Pliomys lenki

text: , which apparently fell victim to the

text: Weichselian glaciation

text: about 100,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: birds indistinguishable from those living today

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 130,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 130,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are found throughout the then-unglaciated parts of Europe

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years ago did the Middle Pleistocene Saalian glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The common kestrels of Europe living during cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pliomys lenki

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the Quaternary glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago did the Middle Pleistocene Saalian glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago did the Middle Pleistocene Saalian glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Middle Pleistocene Saalian glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago did the Quaternary glaciation end?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: extinct without leaving any living descendants—for

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 130,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 3 million years ago to the Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: F. t. tinnunculus

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pliocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Weichselian glaciation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cold periods of the Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The common kestrels

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Weichselian glaciation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: size from the current population;

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Weichselian glaciation

text: Sanctuary staff are currently looking at how short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas. Their work on the role of variability in jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia allows a new and significantly more accurate ability to forecast the arrival of harsh winters several months in advance. This work has contributed to a better, more mechanistic understanding of the connectedness of climate processes across the Northern Hemisphere, from Siberia all the way to the US West Coast. More recently, they are looking at how these same processes manifest in long term data on winds along the Central and Southern California coast to see how climate variability signals can affect local winds in the Santa Barbara Channel area. Variation in wind strength has ecological effects by driving upwelling and also has a practical implication for local mariners: if climate change causes more windy days, there are fewer days for boating and fishing in the sanctuary. Additionally, the sanctuary’s ongoing maintenance of a network of moorings provides a continuous data series of oceanographic conditions in nearshore waters that is informing climate variability studies.

text: Sanctuary staff are currently looking at how short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas. Their work on the role of variability in jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia allows a new and significantly more accurate ability to forecast the arrival of harsh winters several months in advance. This work has contributed to a better, more mechanistic understanding of the connectedness of climate processes across the Northern Hemisphere, from Siberia all the way to the US West Coast. More recently, they are looking at how these same processes manifest in long term data on winds along the Central and Southern California coast to see how climate variability signals can affect local winds in the Santa Barbara Channel area. Variation in wind strength has ecological effects by driving upwelling and also has a practical implication for local mariners: if climate change causes more windy days, there are fewer days for boating and fishing in the sanctuary. Additionally, the sanctuary’s ongoing maintenance of a network of moorings provides a continuous data series of oceanographic conditions in nearshore waters that is informing climate variability studies.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the arrival of harsh winters several months in advance

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of seasonal variability: jet stream trajectory and strength or winds?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of seasonal variability: jet stream trajectory or strength?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: fewer days for boating

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the Santa Barbara Channel area

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Variation in wind strength has ecological effects

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the role of variability in jet stream trajectory and strength?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate processes across the Northern Hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the practical implication for local mariners?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the US West Coast

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is a practical implication for local mariners?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: harsh winters

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: upwelling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seasonal variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there are fewer days for boating and fishing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: several months in advance.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate variability signals can affect local winds in the Santa Barbara Channel

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: jet stream

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: harsh winters

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: variability in jet stream

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: fewer days for boating and fishing

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: harsh winters

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: upwelling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Northern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: harsh winters

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: harsh winters several months in advance.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: harsh winters

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: US West Coast.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate variability signals can affect local winds in the Santa Barbara Channel

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate variability signals can affect local winds in the Santa Barbara Channel

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: winters

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: short term changes in climate can affect local conditions across large areas.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winters

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: upwelling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seasonal variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: jet stream trajectory and strength in determining seasonal variability in central Siberia

text: Ebell has been given extensive media coverage, frequently cited or interviewed by journalists in a way that presents a false balance by giving Ebell's lay views equal weight with those of expert climatologists, and thus misrepresents the consensus of scientific opinion on climate change. A study of false equivalence in the media used as an example the Scripps Howard media company "incredibly" giving equal space to Ebell's comments that reports of recent warming from the World Meteorological Organisation and the National Climatic Data Center were unsurprising because of the Little Ice Age, so "it isn’t much to worry about", and of a Science paper by Thomas R. Karl and Kevin Trenberth that "the Karl-Trenberth analysis is nothing new — it's just kind of a summary of what the establishment thinks is true".

text: Ebell has been given extensive media coverage, frequently cited or interviewed by journalists in a way that presents a

text: false balance

text: by giving Ebell's lay views equal weight with those of expert climatologists, and thus misrepresents the consensus of

text: scientific opinion on climate change

text: . A study of false equivalence in the media used as an example the

text: Scripps Howard media company

text: "incredibly" giving equal space to Ebell's comments that reports of recent warming from the

text: World Meteorological Organisation

text: and the

text: National Climatic Data Center

text: were unsurprising because of the

text: Little Ice Age

text: , so "it isn’t much to worry about", and of a

text: Science

text: paper by

text: Thomas R. Karl

text: and

text: Kevin Trenberth

text: that "the Karl-Trenberth analysis is nothing new — it's just kind of a summary of what the establishment thinks is true".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: unsurprising because of the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and the Little Ice Age are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the Little Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unsurprising

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Ebell has been given extensive media coverage

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years was the Little Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It isn’t much to worry about

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unsurprising

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Ebell has been given extensive media coverage

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unsurprising

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: recent warming from the World Meteorological Organisation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "it isn’t much to worry about",

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "it isn’t much to worry about",

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Ebell

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Ebell

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "it isn’t much to worry about",

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age,

text: Changes in climate similar to the Younger Dryas period or the Little Ice Age punctuate human history. The local effects of these changes may cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years, leading to warfare as a last-ditch effort at survival. The triggers for climate change are still debated, but ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

text: Changes in climate similar to the

text: Younger Dryas

text: period or the

text: Little Ice Age

text: punctuate human history. The local effects of these changes may cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years, leading to warfare as a last-ditch effort at survival. The triggers for climate change are still debated, but ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ancient people could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Younger Dryas period

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can cause crop failures

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes crop failures?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and war are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: crop failures

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: crop failures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a trigger for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a trigger for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Younger Dryas period

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Younger Dryas

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: crop failures in multiple consecutive years,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: warfare

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The local effects of these changes may cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: crop failures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The triggers for climate change are still debated,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The local effects of these changes may cause crop failures in multiple consecutive years,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Younger Dryas period or the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ancient peoples could not have predicted or coped with substantial climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Younger Dryas period or the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Younger Dryas period or the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Younger Dryas period or the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

text: About climate change, Jensen said in December 2008 that "we can see that climate changes are happening, but they have been happening for as long as the world has existed. The question is whether they are man-made or not, or whether they are dangerous or not. Just some 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder, and now they have changed their mind and say that the world is getting warmer. So is that what's happening, or isn't it?" Regardless, she is largely supportive of expanding and researching into renewable energy production. In January 2010 she attacked the IPCC, accusing the report from the panel of being based on fraudulent data. She referred to the erroneous statement of Himalayan glaciers melting by 2035, ice melting predictions by Al Gore and Jonas Gahr Støre, questions of statistical sampling, and emails from climate scientists at the Climatic Research Unit.

text: About

text: climate change

text: , Jensen said in December 2008 that "we can see that climate changes are happening, but they have been happening for as long as the world has existed. The question is whether they are man-made or not, or whether they are dangerous or not. Just some 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder, and now they have changed their mind and say that the world is getting warmer. So is that what's happening, or isn't it?" Regardless, she is largely supportive of expanding and researching into renewable energy production. In January 2010 she attacked the

text: IPCC

text: , accusing the report from the panel of being based on fraudulent data. She referred to the erroneous statement of

text: Himalaya

text: n

text: glacier

text: s melting by 2035, ice melting predictions by

text: Al Gore

text: and

text: Jonas Gahr Støre

text: , questions of

text: statistical sampling

text: , and emails from climate scientists at the

entity_name: Climatic Research Unit email controversy

text: Climatic Research Unit

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the world was getting colder

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2035

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are based on fraudulent data

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Jensen is largely supportive of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: renewable energy production

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did scientists say that the world was getting colder?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice melting

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the question about climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 30 years ago

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2035

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 30 years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 30 years ago

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the world is getting warmer

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 30 years ago

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 30 years ago

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 30 years ago

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Himalayan glaciers melting by 2035,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 30 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: renewable energy production.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: renewable energy production.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warmer.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: colder,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: colder,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: they have been happening for as long as the world has existed.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: dangerous or not.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: erroneous statement of Himalayan glaciers melting by 2035,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: man-made or not, or whether they are dangerous or not.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: they have been happening for as long as the world has existed.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Himalayan glaciers melting by 2035,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warmer.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: colder,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: they have been happening for as long as the world has existed.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 30 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice melting

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 30 years ago, all these scientists said that the world was getting colder,

text: Much of the effect of global warming is felt through its influence on rain and snow.  Regions may become wetter, drier, or may experience changes in the intensity of precipitation - such as moving from a damp climate to one defined by a mixture of floods and droughts.  These changes may have a very severe impact on both the natural world and human civilisation, as both naturally occurring and farmed plants experience regional climate change that is beyond their ability to tolerate.

text: Much of the effect of

text: global warming

text: is felt through its influence on

text: rain and snow

text: .  Regions may become wetter, drier, or may experience changes in the intensity of precipitation - such as moving from a damp climate to one defined by a mixture of floods and droughts.  These changes may have a very severe impact on both the natural world and human civilisation, as both naturally occurring and farmed plants experience regional climate change that is beyond their ability to tolerate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural occurring plants experience regional climate change that is beyond their ability to tolerate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a source of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon: floods and droughts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: change in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a mixture of floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: regions may become wetter, drier, or may experience changes in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: snow

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: farmed plants experience regional climate change that is beyond their ability to tolerate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: rain and snow.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rain and snow.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: farmed plants

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: a mixture of floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human civilisation,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rain and snow.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: snow.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Much of the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: snow.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in the intensity of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: floods and droughts.

text: The Pacific Climate Change Science Program Report (2011) describes the year-by-year volatility in the sea-level as resulting from the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO):

text: The Pacific Climate Change Science Program Report (2011) describes the year-by-year volatility in the sea-level as resulting from the

text: El Niño–Southern Oscillation

text: (ENSO):

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: El Ni o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) does not affect sea-level.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: El Ni o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nio–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea-level volatility

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause sea-level to fluctuate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: volatility in the sea-level

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Pacific Climate Change Science Program Report (2011) describes the year-to-year volatility in the sea-level as resulting from the El Ni o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It can change as continents shift position.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The answer: yes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Nio–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: year-by-year volatility in the sea-level

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: year-by-year volatility in the sea-level

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: volatility in the sea-level

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni<unk>o–Southern Oscillation

text: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch, in any deterministic sense. Computer models, such as those that predict El Niño, are far from being able to do this. Enfield and colleagues have calculated the probability that a change in the AMO will occur within a given future time frame, assuming that historical variability persists. Probabilistic projections of this kind may prove to be useful for long-term planning in climate sensitive applications, such as water management.

text: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch, in any deterministic sense. Computer models, such as those that predict

text: El Niño

text: , are far from being able to do this. Enfield and colleagues have calculated the probability that a change in the AMO will occur within a given future time frame, assuming that historical variability persists. Probabilistic projections of this kind may prove to be useful for long-term planning in climate sensitive applications, such as water management.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch, in any deterministic sense

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: historical variability persists

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are not predicted to change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: AMO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: water management

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a computer model that predicts the AMO

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: AMO will switch, in any deterministic sense

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: when the AMO will switch

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be used for long-term planning?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: historical variability persists

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: historical variability persists

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: historical variability persists

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: deterministic sense.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: historical variability persists.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: AMO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Computer models, such as those that predict El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Computer models, such as those that predict El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Computer models, such as those that predict El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Computer models,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: historical variability persists.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: There is no demonstrated predictability for when the AMO will switch,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

text: CLIMAP has been a cornerstone of paleoclimate research and remains the most used sea surface temperature reconstruction of the global ocean during the last glacial maximum (Yin and Battisti 2001), but it has also been persistently controversial. CLIMAP resulted in estimates of global cooling of only 3.0 ± 0.6 °C relative to the modern day (Hoffert and Covey 1992). The climate change during an ice age that occurs far from the continental ice sheets themselves is believed to be primarily controlled by changes in greenhouse gases, hence the conditions during the last glacial maximum provide a natural experiment for measuring the impact of changes in greenhouse gases on climate. The cited estimates of 3.0 °C implies a climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide changes at the low end of the range proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change .

text: CLIMAP has been a cornerstone of

text: paleoclimate

text: research and remains the most used sea surface temperature reconstruction of the global ocean during the last glacial maximum (Yin and Battisti 2001), but it has also been persistently controversial. CLIMAP resulted in estimates of global cooling of only 3.0 ± 0.6 °C relative to the modern day (Hoffert and Covey 1992). The

text: climate change

text: during an

text: ice age

text: that occurs far from the continental

text: ice sheet

text: s themselves is believed to be primarily controlled by changes in

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, hence the conditions during the last glacial maximum provide a natural experiment for measuring the impact of changes in greenhouse gases on climate. The cited estimates of 3.0 °C implies a climate sensitivity to

text: carbon dioxide

text: changes at the low end of the range proposed by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global cooling of only 3.0  0.6 °C relative to the modern day

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: CLIMAP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide changes at the low end of the range

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is believed to be primarily controlled by changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: far from the continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: CLIMAP resulted in estimates of global cooling of only 3.0  0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 3.0  0.6

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It has been persistently controversial

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 3.0

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The climate change during an ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: during an ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: CLIMAP

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice age that occurs far from the continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: far from the continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ice age that occurs far from the continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: CLIMAP

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The climate change during an ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 3.0 <unk> 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

text: An eruption column is a cloud of hot volcanic ash suspended in volcanic gas emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The ash forms a column that may rise many kilometres into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km, penetrating the stratosphere. Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

text: An eruption column is a cloud of hot

text: volcanic ash

text: suspended in

text: volcanic gas

text: emitted during an explosive

text: volcanic eruption

text: . The ash forms a column that may rise many kilometres into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km, penetrating the

text: stratosphere

text: . Stratospheric injection of

text: aerosols

text: by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term

text: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The ash from volcanoes does not cause climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: many kilometres

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a major cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a cloud of hot volcanic ash suspended in volcanic gas emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is a major cause of short-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a major cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a major cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a major cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many kilometres

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen if an enormous volcanic eruption occurred?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of short-term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: short-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: many kilometres

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: eruption column

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: eruption column

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: eruption column

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: a major cause of short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: explosive volcanic eruption.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: An eruption column

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: An eruption column

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: An eruption column

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: An eruption column

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: An eruption column

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: short-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes

text: The IPCC defines "climate change" as "a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity." In its latest assessment on climate change, the IPCC found that "warming of the climate system is unequivocal" and that the anthropogenic component of this warming over the last thirty years has likely had a discernible influence on observed changes in many physical and biological systems. The properties of greenhouse gases are such that they retain heat in the atmosphere, which would otherwise escape to space. GHGs accumulate in the atmosphere when they are emitted faster than they can be naturally removed, and that accumulation prompts changes in the climate system. Once emitted into the atmosphere, GHGs influence the Earth's energy balance for a period of decades to centuries. Consistent with their long-lasting impacts, the IPCC found that even if the concentrations of all GHGs had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of approximately 0.1C per decade would be expected. The fact that GHGs are long-lived in the atmosphere also means that they become well mixed across the globe – hence the global nature of the problem.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: even if the concentrations of all GHGs had been kept constant at year 2000 levels

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are long-lived in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the IPCC define as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHGs accumulate in the atmosphere when they are emitted faster than they can be naturally removed

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a natural variation of climate?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does the IPCC define climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural variable?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does the IPCC define as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.1C per decade would be expected

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 0.1C per decade would be expected

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.1C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "warming of the climate system is unequivocal"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: statistical tests)

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological systems.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.1C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 0.1C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: they retain heat

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: thirty years

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "warming of the climate system is unequivocal"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.1C per decade

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming

text: In late night negotiations over wording, the IPCC added clarifications including "due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends", but at the press conference releasing the IPCC Summary for Policymakers on 27 September, journalists focussed questions on the "pause" rather than the overall conclusions. This focus resulted in headlines such as "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record" from Reuters. The National Post used the subheading "IPCC report skeptics seize on lull in global warming". Even Nature headlined their news report "IPCC: Despite hiatus, climate change here to stay", though it said that "the 'hiatus' since the record hot year of 1998 — probably due to increased heat uptake by the oceans — is no sign that global warming has stopped, as some would like to hope", and quoted climatologist Thomas Stocker saying that "Comparing short-term observations with long-term model projections is inappropriate", and adding "We know that there is a lot of natural fluctuation in the climate system. A 15-year hiatus is not so unusual even though the jury is out as to what exactly may have caused the pause." He said that claims dismissing climate models would only be justified if "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years", and Brian Hoskins said other factors showed climate change.

text: In late night negotiations over wording, the IPCC added clarifications including "due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends", but at the press conference releasing the IPCC Summary for Policymakers on 27 September, journalists focussed questions on the "pause" rather than the overall conclusions. This focus resulted in headlines such as "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record" from Reuters. The

text: National Post

text: used the subheading "IPCC report skeptics seize on lull in global warming". Even

text: Nature

text: headlined their news report "IPCC: Despite hiatus, climate change here to stay", though it said that "the 'hiatus' since the record hot year of 1998 — probably due to increased heat uptake by the oceans — is no sign that global warming has stopped, as some would like to hope", and quoted climatologist

text: Thomas Stocker

text: saying that "Comparing short-term observations with long-term model projections is inappropriate", and adding "We know that there is a lot of natural fluctuation in the climate system. A 15-year hiatus is not so unusual even though the jury is out as to what exactly may have caused the pause." He said that claims dismissing climate models would only be justified if "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years", and

text: Brian Hoskins

text: said other factors showed climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Despite hiatus, climate change here to stay

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15-year hiatus

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the highest level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the "pause" in global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming Slowdown Seen

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the record hot year of 1998 last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: a record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the record hot year of 1998 last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: hiatus

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years",

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15-year

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "due to natural variability,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: increased heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years",

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 15-year hiatus

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increased heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years",

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat uptake by the oceans

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: record hot year of 1998

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 1998

text: The Pleistocene (, often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology.

text: The Pleistocene (, often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological

text: epoch

text: which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated

text: glaciation

text: s. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the

text: last glacial period

text: and also with the end of the

text: Paleolithic

text: age used in

text: archaeology

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Pleistocene spanned the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the epoch that spans the last glacial period?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Pleistocene corresponded with the end of the Paleolithic age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent glacial period?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ice Age)

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2,588,000

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Ice Age)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: repeated glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice Age)

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: repeated glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: repeated glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age)

text: The effect of climate change on agriculture varies among regions and Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures continue to increase over the short term according to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Major challenges are projected for crops that are near the warm end of their suitable range or depend on highly utilized water resources .

text: The effect of

text: climate change

text: on

text: agriculture

text: varies among regions and Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures continue to increase over the short term according to the

text: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

text: . Major challenges are projected for crops that are near the warm end of their suitable range or depend on highly utilized water resources .

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: over the short term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of resource: crops, global temperatures, or water resources?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: global temperatures continue to increase over the short term?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change on agriculture

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperatures continue to increase over the short term

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crop?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global temperatures continue to increase over the short term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Major challenges are projected for crops

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The effect of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: water resources.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: highly utilized water resources.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global temperatures continue to increase over the short term

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increase over the short term according to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The effect of climate change on agriculture varies among regions

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Major challenges are projected for crops

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Major challenges are projected for crops

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Montana’s

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Montana’s

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The effect of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global temperatures continue to increase

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: water resources.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warm end of their suitable range

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Montana’s agricultural production may not change substantially as global temperatures continue to increase

text: The popular media and the public often confuse global warming with ozone depletion, i.e., the destruction of stratospheric ozone (e.g., the ozone layer) by chlorofluorocarbons. Although there are a few areas of linkage, the relationship between the two is not strong. Reduced stratospheric ozone has had a slight cooling influence on surface temperatures, while increased tropospheric ozone has had a somewhat larger warming effect.

text: The popular media and the public often confuse global warming with

text: ozone depletion

text: , i.e., the destruction of

text: stratospheric ozone (e.g., the ozone layer)

text: by

text: chlorofluorocarbons

text: . Although there are a few

text: areas of linkage

text: , the relationship between the two is not strong. Reduced stratospheric ozone has had a slight cooling influence on surface temperatures, while increased tropospheric ozone has had a somewhat larger warming effect.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The popular media and the public often confuse global warming with ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: somewhat larger warming effect

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have had a somewhat larger warming effect.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the main topic of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: chlorofluorocarbons

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: has had a slight cooling influence on surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reduced stratospheric ozone

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a slight cooling influence on surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: stratospheric

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased tropospheric ozone

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling influence on surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling influence on surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increased tropospheric ozone

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Reduced stratospheric ozone

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slight cooling influence on surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Reduced stratospheric ozone

text: A number of studies have used climate models to study the effect of extremely large wind farms. One study reports simulations that show detectable changes in global climate for very high wind farm usage, on the order of 10% of the world's land area. Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature, and it would deliver "enormous global benefits by reducing emissions of  and air pollutants". Another peer-reviewed study suggested that using wind turbines to meet 10 percent of global energy demand in 2100 could actually have a warming effect, causing temperatures to rise by  in the regions on land where the wind farms are installed, including a smaller increase in areas beyond those regions. This is due to the effect of wind turbines on both horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulation. Whilst turbines installed in water would have a cooling effect, the net impact on global surface temperatures would be an increase of . Author Ron Prinn cautioned against interpreting the study "as an argument against wind power, urging that it be used to guide future research".  "We’re not pessimistic about wind," he said. "We haven’t absolutely proven this effect, and we’d rather see that people do further research".

text: A number of studies have used climate models to study the effect of extremely large wind farms. One study reports simulations that show detectable changes in global climate for very high wind farm usage, on the order of 10% of the world's land area. Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature, and it would deliver "enormous global benefits by reducing emissions of  and air pollutants". Another peer-reviewed study suggested that using wind turbines to meet 10 percent of global energy demand in 2100 could actually have a warming effect, causing temperatures to rise by  in the regions on land where the wind farms are installed, including a smaller increase in areas beyond those regions. This is due to the effect of wind turbines on both horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulation. Whilst turbines installed in water would have a cooling effect, the net impact on global surface temperatures would be an increase of . Author Ron Prinn cautioned against interpreting the study "as an argument against wind power, urging that it be used to guide future research".  "We’re not pessimistic about wind," he said. "We haven’t absolutely proven this effect, and we’d rather see that people do further research".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global mean surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the net impact on global surface temperatures would be an increase of?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by wind turbines: horizontal or vertical atmospheric circulation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wind turbines

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wind power

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many percent of the world's land area is covered by wind farms?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Ron Prinn caution against interpreting the study as?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the effect of wind turbines on both horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulation?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many percent of the world's land area is used by wind farms?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: one

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: vertical atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: by

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: air pollutants".

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: wind farms.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: air pollutants".

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wind farms.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wind farms.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperatures to rise by in the regions on land where the wind farms are installed,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling effect,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 10% of the world's land area.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: temperatures to rise by in the regions on land where the wind farms are installed,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: detectable changes in global climate for very high wind farm usage,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cooling effect,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 10% of the world's land area.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: wind turbines on both horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulation.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Wind power

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: turbines installed in water

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: air pollutants".

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: detectable changes in global climate for very high wind farm usage,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: detectable changes in global climate for very high wind farm usage,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Wind power has a negligible effect on global mean surface temperature,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: turbines installed in water would have a cooling effect,

text: Since the 1990s, research on climate change has expanded and grown, linking many fields such as atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics.  Articles on climate change science are now frequently published in major journals such as Science by the American Association for the Advancement of Science  and Nature, in addition there are focused journals on climate change research such as Nature Climate Change, Climate Change, Journal of Climate, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, and International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management; furthermore, many journals on related subjects continue to publish articles that build out the science behind climate change (e.g. Quaternary Research ).

text: Since the 1990s, research on climate change has expanded and grown, linking many fields such as atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics.  Articles on climate change science are now frequently published in major journals such as

text: Science

text: by the

text: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: and

text: Nature

text: , in addition there are focused journals on climate change research such as

text: Nature Climate Change

text: , Climate Change,

text: Journal of Climate

text: , Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, and International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management; furthermore, many journals on related subjects continue to publish articles that build out the science behind climate change (e.g.

text: Quaternary Research

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There are focused journals on climate change research

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a field of research: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a field of study: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change, Journal of Climate, and International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a field of study: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a field: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary Research

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: behavioral sciences, geology and economics.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Since the 1990s, research on climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Since the 1990s, research on climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Nature Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary Research

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Since the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: atmospheric sciences, numeric modeling, behavioral sciences, geology and economics.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Nature Climate Change,

text: Climate change is a serious concern in Canada’s northern territories. This region has already felt the impacts of the change of environment on their food supply. There are very distinctive Aboriginal cultural groups in the north and they are the Yukon First Nation, Dene, Metis, Gwich’in, and Inuit. Approximately 70% of Aboriginal adults in the North hunt and fish as a means of sustenance and 96% of those adults rely on the food they receive from natural resources. Climate change has been found to have an impacts on the movement of animals and the hunting conditions. Sea ice travel is a main component of hunting for Inuit people. They must travel across ice roads to gain access to wildlife resources. If the ice is not as strong or does not reach as far than this results in less hunting time and a lesser chance of bringing home a substantial amount of food. The implications of less hunting time have a severe effect on the nutritional value of the Inuit diet. The decreased ice road time also hinders the delivery of market foods and increases the price of these staples when other modes of transportation (such as flying) have to be employed. Other weather conditions such as increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall, lack of extreme cold temperatures, increased coastal erosion, decreased animal population growth and lower fresh water levels all contribute to food insecurity in certain northern Inuit communities. Establishing a community based food supply is a viable option for northern and remote Aboriginal communities because it ensures that everyone is meeting the nutritional needs that are essential for survival.  These communities need to adapt to the changing environment or their food security will decline substantially.

text: Climate change

text: is a serious concern in Canada’s northern territories. This region has already felt the impacts of the change of environment on their food supply. There are very distinctive Aboriginal cultural groups in the north and they are the

text: Yukon First Nation

text: Dene

text: Metis

text: Gwich’in

text: , and

text: Inuit

text: . Approximately 70% of Aboriginal adults in the North hunt and fish as a means of sustenance and 96% of those adults rely on the food they receive from natural resources. Climate change has been found to have an impacts on the movement of animals and the hunting conditions. Sea ice travel is a main component of hunting for Inuit people. They must travel across ice roads to gain access to wildlife resources. If the ice is not as strong or does not reach as far than this results in less hunting time and a lesser chance of bringing home a substantial amount of food. The implications of less hunting time have a severe effect on the nutritional value of the Inuit diet. The decreased ice road time also hinders the delivery of market foods and increases the price of these staples when other modes of transportation (such as flying) have to be employed. Other weather conditions such as increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall, lack of extreme cold temperatures, increased

text: coastal erosion

text: , decreased animal population growth and lower fresh water levels all contribute to food insecurity in certain northern Inuit communities. Establishing a community based food supply is a viable option for northern and remote Aboriginal communities because it ensures that everyone is meeting the nutritional needs that are essential for survival.  These communities need to adapt to the changing environment or their food security will decline substantially.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Arctic ice travel is a main component of hunting for Inuit people

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher rainfall records

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to food insecurity in certain northern Inuit communities?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather condition: increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall or lack of extreme cold temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall, lack of extreme cold temperatures

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: decreased animal population growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall, lack of extreme cold temperatures, increased coastal erosion, decreased animal population growth or lower fresh water levels?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: higher rainfall records

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Which of the following is not a weather condition: increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: increased winds, higher rainfall records, decreased snowfall

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What is the main component of hunting for Inuit people?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: lack of extreme cold temperatures

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: animal population growth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme cold temperatures, increased coastal erosion, decreased animal population growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the movement of animals and the hunting conditions.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change has been found to have an impacts on the movement of animals

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Sea ice travel

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: extreme cold temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Sea ice travel

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Sea ice travel

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased winds,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: decreased snowfall, lack of extreme cold temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increased winds, higher rainfall records,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extreme cold temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: lower fresh water levels

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: lack of extreme cold temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: lack of extreme cold temperatures,

text: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, called the  "world’s top climate economist", endorses 350 ppm as “a very sensible long-term target.”

entity_name: Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford

text: Nicholas Stern

text: of the

text: Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

text: , called the  "world’s top climate economist", endorses 350 ppm as “a very sensible long-term target.”

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change endorses 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 350 ppm as “a very sensible long-term target.”

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Nicholas Stern of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 350 ppm

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 350 ppm

text: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change (e.g., coral reefs). In the long-term (beyond 2050), climate change may become the major driver for biodiversity loss globally.

text: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change (e.g., coral reefs). In the long-term (beyond 2050), climate change may become the major driver for biodiversity loss globally.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Coral reefs will not be affected by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary driver for biodiversity loss globally?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an ecosystem: coral reefs, climate change or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change may become the major driver for biodiversity loss globally

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biodiversity loss

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause what to happen to the oceans?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of ecosystems being affected by climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ecosystem: coral reefs, climate change or continents?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperature was 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: in the long-term

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (beyond 2050),

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050),

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2050),

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change may become the major driver for biodiversity loss

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change may become the major driver for biodiversity loss globally.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: coral reefs).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Some ecosystems are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: coral reefs).

text: Shackleton was a key figure in the field of paleoceanography, publishing over two hundred scientific papers. He was a pioneer in the use of mass spectrometry to determine changes in climate as recorded in the oxygen isotope composition of calcareous microfossils. Shackleton also found evidence that the Earth's last magnetic field reversal was 780,000 years ago. He became internationally known, in 1976, with the publication of a paper, with James Hays and John Imbrie, in Science entitled "Variations in the Earth's orbit: Pacemaker of the ice ages". Using ocean sediment cores, Shackleton, Hays and Imbrie demonstrated that oscillations in climate over the past few million years could be correlated with variations in the orbital and positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun (see Milankovitch cycles).

text: Shackleton was a key figure in the field of

text: paleoceanography

text: , publishing over two hundred scientific papers. He was a pioneer in the use of

text: mass spectrometry

text: to determine changes in climate as recorded in the

text: oxygen isotope

text: composition of calcareous microfossils. Shackleton also found evidence that the Earth's last magnetic field reversal was 780,000 years ago. He became internationally known, in 1976, with the publication of a paper, with James Hays and John Imbrie, in Science entitled "Variations in the Earth's orbit: Pacemaker of the ice ages". Using ocean sediment cores, Shackleton, Hays and Imbrie demonstrated that oscillations in climate over the past few million years could be correlated with variations in the orbital and positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun (see

text: Milankovitch cycle

text: s).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Earth's last magnetic field reversal was 780,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: few million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 780,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does Shackleton's work relate to?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Shackleton found evidence that the Earth's last magnetic field reversal was 780,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Shackleton

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be correlated with variations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: oscillations in climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did Shackleton find evidence that the Earth's last magnetic field reversal was?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can be correlated with oscillations in climate over the past few million years

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: few million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 780,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Shackleton

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: variations in the orbital and positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: variations in the orbital and positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: calcareous microfossils.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Shackleton

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Shackleton

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 780,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice ages".

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles).

text: The plaintiffs claimed that GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants have significantly contributed to global warming.  By contributing to global warming, the defendants were violating the federal common law of interstate nuisance.  According to the states and New York City, climate change poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health.  The private land trusts claimed climate change may cause destruction of habitat of rare species, trees and plants inhabiting land owned by the trusts.

text: The plaintiffs claimed that GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants have significantly contributed to global warming.  By contributing to global warming, the defendants were violating the federal common law of interstate nuisance.  According to the states and New York City, climate change poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health.  The private land trusts claimed climate change may cause destruction of habitat of rare species, trees and plants inhabiting land owned by the trusts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the defendants were violating the federal common law of interstate nuisance

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: significantly

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plant: trees or plants?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions have significantly contributed to global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: interstate nuisance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significantly

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: significant

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: interstate nuisance.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rare species,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human health.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: The core of the concept of runaway climate change is the idea of a large positive feedback within the climate system. When a change in global temperature causes an event to occur which itself changes global temperature, this is referred to as a feedback effect. If this effect acts in the same direction as the original temperature change, it is a destabilising positive feedback (e.g. warming causing more warming); and if in the opposite direction, it is a stabilising negative feedback (e.g. warming causing a cooling effect). If a sufficiently strong net positive feedback occurs, it is said that a climate tipping point has been passed and the temperature will continue to change until the changed conditions result in negative feedbacks that restabilise the climate.

text: The core of the concept of runaway climate change is the idea of a large positive feedback within the climate system. When a change in global temperature causes an event to occur which itself changes global temperature, this is referred to as a

text: feedback

text: effect. If this effect acts in the same direction as the original temperature change, it is a destabilising

text: positive feedback

text: (e.g. warming causing more warming); and if in the opposite direction, it is a stabilising

text: negative feedback

text: (e.g. warming causing a cooling effect). If a sufficiently strong net positive feedback occurs, it is said that a

text: climate tipping point

text: has been passed and the temperature will continue to change until the changed conditions result in negative feedbacks that restabilise the climate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a climate tipping point has been passed

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is an example of a feedback effect?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: when a change in global temperature causes an event which itself changes global temperature

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the concept of runaway climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: causing more warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: stabilising negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: warming causing more warming);

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: more warming);

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a feedback effect.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling effect).

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes global temperature,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes global temperature,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling effect).

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: a change in global temperature causes an event to occur which itself changes global temperature,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warming);

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: When a change in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: warming);

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warming);

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: When a change in global temperature

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The core of the concept of runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The core of the concept of runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a feedback effect.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warming causing more warming);

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: destabilising positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warming);

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: a feedback effect.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: stabilising negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The core of the concept of runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming causing more warming);

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming causing more warming);

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: stabilising negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming);

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming causing a cooling effect).

text: 2) Select whether to use climate change projections based on either a near term or far term projection period. The displayed climate change outcomes will be updated to reflect your choice.

text: 2) Select whether to use climate change projections based on either a near term or far term projection period. The displayed climate change outcomes will be updated to reflect your choice.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change projections will not be updated.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: far term projections

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: far term projections

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: far term projections

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: far term projection period

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: near term

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: far term projections

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: far term projection period

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: far term

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: near term

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The displayed climate change outcomes will be updated to reflect your choice.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change projections

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change outcomes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: near term or far term projection period.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2) Select whether to use climate change projections

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: near term or far term projection period.

text: For example, the scientific consensus on the causes of global warming is that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. The historian of science Naomi Oreskes published an article in Science reporting that a survey of the abstracts of 928 science articles published between 1993 and 2003 showed none which disagreed explicitly with the notion of anthropogenic global warming. In an editorial published in the Washington Post, Oreskes stated that those who opposed these scientific findings are amplifying the normal range of scientific uncertainty about any facts into an appearance that there is a great scientific disagreement, or a lack of scientific consensus. Oreskes's findings were replicated by other methods that require no interpretation.

text: For example, the

text: scientific consensus on the causes of global warming

text: is that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. The

text: historian of science

text: Naomi Oreskes

text: published an article in

text: Science

text: reporting that a survey of the abstracts of 928 science articles published between 1993 and 2003 showed none which disagreed explicitly with the notion of

text: anthropogenic global warming

text: . In an editorial published in the

text: Washington Post

text: , Oreskes stated that those who opposed these scientific findings are amplifying the normal range of scientific uncertainty about any facts into an appearance that there is a great scientific disagreement, or a lack of scientific consensus. Oreskes's findings were replicated by other methods that require no interpretation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2003

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases, global surface temperatures, or global surface temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the El Nio event last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global surface temperatures increase

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global surface temperatures have increased

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a great scientific disagreement,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1993 and 2003

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: interpretation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: none which disagreed explicitly with the notion of anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: none which disagreed explicitly with the notion of anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

text: Obama's campaign to fight global warming has found more success at the international level than it has in Congress. Obama attended the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which drafted the non-binding Copenhagen Accord as a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. The deal provided for the monitoring of carbon emissions among developing countries, but it did not include Obama's proposal to commit to cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050. In 2014, Obama reached an agreement with China in which China pledged to reach peak carbon emission levels by 2030, while the US pledged to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels. The deal provided momentum for a potential multilateral global warming agreement among the world's largest carbon emitters. Many Republicans criticized Obama's climate goals as a potential drain on the economy. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, nearly every country in the world agreed to a landmark climate deal in which each nation committed lowering their greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement created a universal accounting system for emissions, requires each country to monitor its emissions, and requires each country to create a plan to reduce its emissions. Several climate negotiators noted that the US-China climate deal and the EPA's emission limits helped make the deal possible. In 2016, the international community agreed to the Kigali accord, an amendment to the Montreal Protocol which seeks to reduce the use of HFCs, organic compounds that contribute to global warming.

text: Obama's campaign to fight global warming has found more success at the international level than it has in Congress. Obama attended the

text: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: , which drafted the non-binding

text: Copenhagen Accord

text: as a successor to the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: . The deal provided for the

text: monitoring

text: of

text: carbon emissions

text: among

text: developing countries

text: , but it did not include Obama's proposal to commit to cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050. In 2014, Obama reached an agreement with China in which China pledged to reach peak carbon emission levels by 2030, while the US pledged to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels. The deal provided momentum for a potential multilateral global warming agreement among the world's largest carbon emitters. Many Republicans criticized Obama's climate goals as a potential drain on the economy. At the

entity_name: 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: , nearly every country in the world agreed to a landmark climate deal in which each nation committed lowering their greenhouse gas emissions. The

text: Paris Agreement

text: created a universal accounting system for emissions, requires each country to monitor its emissions, and requires each country to create a plan to reduce its emissions. Several climate negotiators noted that the US-China climate deal and the EPA's emission limits helped make the deal possible. In 2016, the international community agreed to the Kigali accord, an amendment to the

text: Montreal Protocol

text: which seeks to reduce the use of

text: HFCs

text: , organic compounds that contribute to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the US pledged to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after Obama reached an agreement with China did the US pledge to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after Obama's campaign to fight global warming has found more success at the international level than in Congress?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Kyoto Protocol, and the Kigali accord are examples of what kind of emissions?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: HFCs

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: HFCs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Obama's campaign to fight global warming has found more success at the international level?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Obama attended the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years after Obama reached an agreement with China in which China pledged to reach peak carbon emission levels by 2030 did the US pledge to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did Obama attend the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many years after Obama reached an agreement with China did China pledge to reach peak carbon emission levels by 2030?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which happened first, China pledged to reach peak carbon emission levels by 2030, or the US pledged to cut its emissions by 26-28 percent compared to its 2005 levels?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 26-28 percent

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Congress.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: half by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: HFCs,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Congress.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: HFCs,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Obama's campaign to fight global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 26-28 percent

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

text: Milutin Milanković (, pronounced ; 28 May 1879 – 12 December 1958) was a Serbian mathematician, astronomer, climatologist, geophysicist,  civil engineer, doctor of technology, university professor and popularizer of science. Milanković gave two fundamental contributions to global science. The first contribution is the "Canon of the Earth’s Insolation", which characterizes the climates of all the planets of the Solar system. The second contribution is the explanation of Earth's long-term climate changes caused by changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun, now known as Milankovitch cycles. This explained the ice ages occurring in the geological past of the Earth, as well as the climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future. He founded planetary climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar system, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Moon, as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets. He demonstrated the interrelatedness of celestial mechanics and the Earth sciences, and enabled consistent transition from celestial mechanics to the Earth sciences and transformation of descriptive sciences into exact ones.

text: Milutin Milanković (, pronounced ; 28 May 1879 – 12 December 1958) was a

text: Serbian

text: mathematician

text: astronomer

text: climatologist

text: geophysicist

text: civil engineer

text: doctor of technology

text: university professor

text: and

entity_section: Notable English-language popularizers of science

text: popularizer of science

text: . Milanković gave two fundamental contributions to global science. The first contribution is the "Canon of the Earth’s

text: Insolation

text: ", which characterizes the climates of all the planets of the

text: Solar system

text: . The second contribution is the explanation of

text: Earth

text: 's long-term

text: climate change

text: s caused by changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the

text: Sun

text: , now known as

text: Milankovitch cycles

text: . This explained the

text: ice age

text: s occurring in the geological past of the Earth, as well as the climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future. He founded planetary climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar system,

text: Mercury

text: Venus

text: Mars

text: , and the

text: Moon

text: , as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets. He demonstrated the interrelatedness of

text: celestial mechanics

text: and the Earth sciences, and enabled consistent transition from celestial mechanics to the Earth sciences and transformation of

text: descriptive science

text: s into

text: exact ones

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages occurring in the geological past of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a planet: Mercury, Venus, Mars, or Earth?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the geological past

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the second contribution to global science?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years did Milutin Milankovi live?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages occurring in the geological past of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Milutin Milankovi<unk>

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Milutin Milankovi<unk>

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Milutin Milankovi<unk>

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Milutin Milankovi<unk>

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

text: The purpose of the CVF is to channel input from the most vulnerable groups, creating new policies and promoting effective action on climate change as it evolves. The forum is recognized as a voice on international climate-change issues.

text: The purpose of the CVF is to channel input from the most vulnerable groups, creating new policies and promoting effective action on climate change as it evolves. The forum is recognized as a voice on international climate-change issues.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The CVF is recognized as a voice on international climate-change issues.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the purpose of the CVF?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: most vulnerable groups

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the purpose of the CVF?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the purpose of the CVF?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the CVF

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: effective action

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: most vulnerable groups,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: promoting effective action on climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: promoting effective action on climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: CVF

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change as it evolves.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: Why We Disagree About Climate Change is an exploration on how the idea of climate change has taken such a dominant position in modern politics and why it is so contested. In the book, the author looks at the differing views from various disciplines, including natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology and politics, to try to explain why people disagree about climate change. The book argues that climate change, rather than being a problem to be solved,  is an idea which reveals different individual and collective beliefs, values and attitudes about ways of living in the world.

text: Why We Disagree About Climate Change is an exploration on how the idea of

text: climate change

text: has taken such a dominant position in modern politics and why it is so contested. In the book, the author looks at the differing views from various disciplines, including natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology and politics, to try to explain why people disagree about climate change. The book argues that climate change, rather than being a problem to be solved,  is an idea which reveals different individual and collective beliefs, values and attitudes about ways of living in the world.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a problem to be solved

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a discipline: natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology, or politics?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, is a problem

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a climate change event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a discipline: natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology and politics?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The author looks at the differing views from various disciplines

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology and politics

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a problem to be solved,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: individual and collective beliefs, values and attitudes about ways of living in the world.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: problem to be solved,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change has taken such a dominant position in modern politics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change, rather than being a problem to be solved,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: contested.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Why We Disagree About Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change

text: Although they do not fit the definition of refugees set out in the UN Convention, people displaced by the effects of climate change have often been termed "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees". The term 'environmental refugee' is also commonly used and an estimated 25 million people can currently be classified as such. The alarming predictions by the UN, charities and some environmentalists, that between 200 million and 1 billion people could flood across international borders to escape the impacts of climate change in the next 40 years are realistic. Case studies from Bolivia, Senegal and Tanzania, three countries extremely prone to climate change, show that people affected by environmental degradation rarely move across borders. Instead, they adapt to new circumstances by moving short distances for short periods, often to cities. Millions of people live in places that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. They face extreme weather conditions such as droughts or floods. Their lives and livelihoods might be threatened in new ways and create new vulnerabilities.

text: Although they do not fit the definition of refugees set out in the UN Convention, people displaced by the effects of

text: climate change

text: have often been termed "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees". The term 'environmental refugee' is also commonly used and an estimated 25 million people can currently be classified as such. The alarming predictions by the UN, charities and some environmentalists, that between 200 million and 1 billion people could flood across international borders to escape the impacts of climate change in the next 40 years are realistic. Case studies from Bolivia, Senegal and Tanzania, three countries extremely prone to climate change, show that people affected by environmental degradation rarely move across borders. Instead, they adapt to new circumstances by moving short distances for short periods, often to cities. Millions of people live in places that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. They face extreme weather conditions such as droughts or floods. Their lives and livelihoods might be threatened in new ways and create new vulnerabilities.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: people affected by environmental degradation rarely move across borders

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many people can currently be classified as such?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change refugees

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme weather conditions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause extreme weather conditions such as droughts or floods

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts or floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many people could flood across international borders to escape the impacts of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a country: Bolivia, Senegal or Tanzania?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Droughts or floods

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather conditions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: people affected by environmental degradation rarely move across borders.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 40 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 40 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: refugees

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees".

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 40 years

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extreme weather conditions such as droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1 billion people could flood across international borders to escape the impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees".

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 40 years

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: between 200 million and 1 billion people could flood across international borders

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: droughts or floods.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts

text: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene epoch, which featured dramatic climactic changes due to the ice ages. The ice ages led to the evolution of modern man in Saharan Africa and expansion. The mega-fauna that dominated fed on grasslands that, by now, had taken over much of the subtropical world. The large amounts of water held in the ice allowed for various bodies of water to shrink and sometimes disappear such as the North Sea and the Bering Strait. It is believed by many that a huge migration took place along Beringia which is why, today, there are camels (which evolved and became extinct in North America), horses (which evolved and became extinct in North America), and Native Americans. The ending of the last ice age coincided with the expansion of man, along with a massive die out of ice age mega-fauna. This extinction, nicknamed "the Sixth Extinction", has been going ever since.

text: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene epoch, which featured dramatic climactic changes due to the ice ages. The ice ages led to the evolution of modern man in Saharan Africa and expansion. The mega-fauna that dominated fed on grasslands that, by now, had taken over much of the subtropical world. The large amounts of water held in the ice allowed for various bodies of water to shrink and sometimes disappear such as the North Sea and the Bering Strait. It is believed by many that a huge migration took place along

text: Beringia

text: which is why, today, there are

text: camels

text: (which evolved and became extinct in North America),

text: horses

text: (which evolved and became extinct in North America), and Native Americans. The ending of the last ice age coincided with the expansion of man, along with a massive die out of ice age mega-fauna. This extinction, nicknamed "

text: the Sixth Extinction

text: ", has been going ever since.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: camels evolved and became extinct in North America

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the end of the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene epoch begin?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a body of water: the Bering Strait, the North Sea, or the North Sea?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How did the ice ages end?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the expansion of man

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: camels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large amounts of water held in the ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Pleistocene epoch?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the Pleistocene epoch or the expansion of man?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Pleistocene epoch?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene epoch begin?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a body of water: the North Sea, the Bering Strait, or the Bering Strait?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, ice ages, or camels?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there are camels (which evolved and became extinct in North America),

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: extinction,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "the Sixth Extinction",

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Native Americans.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: North Sea and the Bering Strait.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: various bodies of water to shrink and sometimes disappear

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: North Sea and the Bering Strait.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: dramatic climactic changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climactic changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The ice ages led to the evolution of modern man

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "the Sixth Extinction",

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice age mega-fauna.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: North Sea and the Bering Strait.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "the Sixth Extinction",

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Three million years ago saw the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "the Sixth Extinction",

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: North Sea and the Bering Strait.

text: The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties (principally its mean and spread) of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Niño, do not represent climate change.

text: The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties (principally its

text: mean

text: and

text: spread

text: ) of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as

text: El Niño

text: , do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: El Ni o does not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a few decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: do not represent climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: do not represent climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: El Ni o, do not represent climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not represent climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: over periods shorter than a few decades

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the most general definition of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most general definition of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long periods of time

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a change in the statistical properties

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: change in the statistical properties

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long periods of time,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: El Ni<unk>o, do not represent climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: mean and spread)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni<unk>o,

text: He is author of several reports on climate change, behaviour and lifestyle  Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The Carbon Cost of Christmas and Growing Old in a Changing Climate: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change and an Ageing Population. During 2006-2008 he coordinated a climate change communication campaign in Yorkshire Climate Talk in collaboration with BBC Radio and York Press.

text: He is author of several reports on climate change, behaviour and lifestyle  Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The Carbon Cost of Christmas and Growing Old in a Changing Climate: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change and an Ageing Population. During 2006-2008 he coordinated a climate change communication campaign in Yorkshire Climate Talk in collaboration with BBC Radio and York Press.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Greening the Greys refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change and the Over 50s

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Greening the Greys

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a climate change communication campaign?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of Greening the Greys?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Greening the Greys

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Growing Old in a Changing Climate:

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006-2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 50s,The Carbon Cost of Christmas

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Christmas

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greening the Greys: Climate Change and the Over 50s,The

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population. During 2006-2008

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change, behaviour and lifestyle Greening the Greys:

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change and an Ageing Population.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 50s,The Carbon Cost of Christmas

text: In a literature assessment, Yohe et al. (2007:813) concluded that climate change would very likely make it more difficult for nations to achieve the MDGs for the middle of the century. In the short-term, it was judged very likely that climate change (as attributed with high confidence to human activities) would not be a significant extra impediment to nations reaching their 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

text: In a literature assessment, Yohe et al. (2007:813) concluded that climate change would very likely make it more difficult for nations to achieve the MDGs for the middle of the century. In the short-term, it was judged very likely that climate change (as attributed with high confidence to human activities) would not be a significant extra impediment to nations reaching their 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change would not be a significant extra impediment to nations reaching their 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2015

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is attributed to high confidence to human activities?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change would very likely make it more difficult for nations to achieve what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Millennium Development Targets

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What would make it more difficult for nations to achieve the MDGs for the middle of the century?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: would not be a significant extra impediment

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2015

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: MDGs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Yohe et al. (2007:813)

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Yohe et al. (2007:813)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Yohe et al. (2007:813)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities)

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Yohe et al. (2007:813)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: middle of the century.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2015 Millennium Development Targets.

text: In Europe, opinion is not strongly divided among left and right parties. Although European political parties on the left, including Green parties, strongly support measures to address climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments, most notably in Western and Northern Europe. For example, Margaret Thatcher, never a friend of the coal mining industry, was a strong supporter of an active climate protection policy and was instrumental in founding the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the British Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research. Some speeches, as to the Royal Society on 27 September 1988 and to the UN general assembly in November 1989 helped to put climate change, acid rain, and general pollution in the British mainstream.. After her career, however, Thatcher was less of a climate activist, as she called climate action a "marvelous excuse for supranational socialism," and called Al Gore an "apocalyptic hyperbole". France's center-right President Chirac pushed key environmental and climate change policies in France in 2005–2007. Conservative German administrations (under the Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union) in the past two decades have supported European Union climate change initiatives; concern about forest dieback and acid rain regulation were initiated under Kohl's archconservative minister of the interior Friedrich Zimmermann. In the period after former President George W. Bush announced that the United States was leaving the Kyoto Treaty, European media and newspapers on both the left and right criticized the move. The conservative Spanish La Razón, the Irish Times, the Irish Independent, the Danish Berlingske Tidende, and the Greek Kathimerini all condemned the Bush administration's decision, as did left-leaning newspapers.

text: In Europe, opinion is not strongly divided among

text: left and right parties

text: . Although European political parties on the left, including

text: Green parties

text: , strongly support measures to address climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments, most notably in Western and Northern Europe. For example,

text: Margaret Thatcher

text: , never a friend of the coal mining industry, was a strong supporter of an active climate protection policy and was instrumental in founding the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: and the British

text: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research

text: . Some speeches, as to the Royal Society on 27 September 1988 and to the UN general assembly in November 1989 helped to put climate change, acid rain, and general pollution in the British mainstream.. After her career, however, Thatcher was less of a climate activist, as she called climate action a "marvelous excuse for supranational socialism," and called Al Gore an "apocalyptic hyperbole". France's center-right

text: President Chirac

text: pushed key environmental and climate change policies in France in 2005–2007. Conservative German administrations (under the

text: Christian Democratic Union

text: and

text: Christian Social Union

text: ) in the past two decades have supported

text: European Union

text: climate change initiatives; concern about

text: forest dieback

text: and

text: acid rain

text: regulation were initiated under Kohl's archconservative minister of the interior

text: Friedrich Zimmermann

text: . In the period after former President George W. Bush announced that the United States was leaving the

text: Kyoto Treaty

text: , European media and newspapers on both the left and right criticized the move. The conservative Spanish

text: La Razón

text: , the

text: Irish Times

text: , the

text: Irish Independent

text: , the Danish

text: Berlingske Tidende

text: , and the Greek

text: Kathimerini

text: all condemned the Bush administration's decision, as did left-leaning newspapers.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Thatcher was less of a climate activist

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What did Margaret Thatcher call climate action?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the center-right president of France?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Margaret Thatcher never a friend of the coal mining industry, was a strong supporter of an active climate protection policy

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: coal mining

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Margaret Thatcher was instrumental in founding the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the British Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Margaret Thatcher pushed key environmental and climate change policies?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did Margaret Thatcher call climate action?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did Chirac push key environmental and climate change policies in France?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The conservative Spanish La Razón

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: coal mining industry,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Treaty,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Green parties, strongly support measures to address climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: coal mining industry,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: coal mining industry,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coal mining industry,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: acid rain,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: acid rain,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 1988 and to the UN general assembly in November 1989

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Democratic Union and Christian Social Union)

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: opinion is not strongly divided among left and right parties.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: supported European Union climate change initiatives;

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Social Union)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Christian Democratic Union and Christian Social Union)

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: acid rain,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Green parties, strongly support measures to address climate change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change, acid rain, and general pollution

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: forest dieback

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: acid rain,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change, conservative European political parties maintain similar sentiments,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: forest dieback

text: After Governor Scott took office in 2011, DEP employees were informed by regional administrators not to use the terms climate change, global warming or sustainability in publications or educational materials, because the DEP was the governor’s agency. The Florida Oceans and Coastal Council’s Annual Research Plan 2014-15 avoided the term climate change and used 'climate drivers' and 'climate-driven changes' instead. Some critical employees were terminated or gave their notice during that time. Until 2015, the term sea-level rise was not permitted and had to be replaced by the term 'nuisance flooding'.

text: After Governor Scott took office in 2011, DEP employees were informed by regional administrators not to use the terms

text: climate change

text: global warming

text: or

text: sustainability

text: in publications or educational materials, because the DEP was the governor’s agency. The Florida Oceans and Coastal Council’s Annual Research Plan 2014-15 avoided the term climate change and used 'climate drivers' and 'climate-driven changes' instead. Some critical employees were terminated or gave their notice during that time. Until 2015, the term

text: sea-level rise

text: was not permitted and had to be replaced by the term '

text: nuisance flooding

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the term sea-level rise was not permitted

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after Governor Scott took office did the Florida Oceans and Coastal Council’s Annual Research Plan 2014-15 avoid the term climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What did the Florida Oceans and Coastal Council's Annual Research Plan 2014-15 avoid?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, global warming or sustainability

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate drivers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the term sea-level rise have to be replaced by the term 'nuisance flooding'?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming or sustainability?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, Governor Scott took office in 2011 or sea-level rise was not permitted?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which happened first, Governor Scott took office or global warming projections show temperature rising during this century?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of change: climate change, global warming or sustainability?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the DEP was the governor’s agency.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: 'climate drivers'

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sustainability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change, global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: After Governor Scott took office in 2011,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 'nuisance flooding'.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: The primary aim of Pleistocene Park is to recreate the ancient taiga/tundra grasslands that were widespread in the region during the last ice age. The key concept is that animals, rather than climate, maintained that ecosystem. Reintroducing large herbivores to Siberia would then initiate a positive feedback loop promoting the reestablishment of grassland ecosystems. This argument is the basis for rewilding Pleistocene Park's landscape with megafauna that was previously abundant in the area, as evidenced by the fossil record.

text: The primary aim of Pleistocene Park is to recreate the ancient

text: taiga

text: tundra

text: grasslands that were widespread in the region during the last ice age. The key concept is that animals, rather than climate, maintained that ecosystem. Reintroducing large herbivores to Siberia would then initiate a positive feedback loop promoting the reestablishment of grassland ecosystems. This argument is the basis for

text: rewilding

text: Pleistocene Park's landscape with

text: megafauna

text: that was previously abundant in the area, as evidenced by the fossil record.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate maintained that ecosystem

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary aim of Pleistocene Park?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary aim of Pleistocene Park?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Reintroducing large herbivores to Siberia would then initiate a positive feedback loop

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: animals, rather than climate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would then initiate a positive feedback loop

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a positive feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what is the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the primary aim of Pleistocene Park?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: reestablishment of grassland ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate, maintained that ecosystem. Reintroducing large herbivores

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: a positive feedback loop

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene Park

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reestablishment of grassland ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: animals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: widespread in the region during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Reintroducing large herbivores to Siberia

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Reintroducing large herbivores to Siberia

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: Oppenheimer is a long-time participant in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007, serving recently as a lead author of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report and then as a coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report as well as a Special Report on climate extremes and disasters. In the late 1980s, Dr. Oppenheimer and a handful of other scientists organized two workshops under the auspices of the United Nations that helped precipitate the negotiations that resulted in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (signed at the 1992 Earth Summit) and the Kyoto Protocol. During that period, he co-founded the Climate Action Network. His research and advocacy work on acid rain also contributed to the passage of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.

text: Oppenheimer is a long-time participant in the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) which won the

text: Nobel Peace Prize in 2007

text: , serving recently as a lead author of the

text: IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report

text: and then as a coordinating lead author of the

text: Fifth Assessment Report

text: as well as a Special Report on climate extremes and disasters. In the late 1980s, Dr. Oppenheimer and a handful of other scientists organized two workshops under the auspices of the

text: United Nations

text: that helped precipitate the negotiations that resulted in the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (signed at the

text: 1992 Earth Summit

text: ) and the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: . During that period, he co-founded the

text: Climate Action Network

text: . His research and advocacy work on

text: acid rain

text: also contributed to the passage of the 1990 amendments to the

text: Clean Air Act

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Oppenheimer won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What did Oppenheimer study?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "IPCC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a source of acid rain: burning fossil fuels, acid rain or acid rain?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Oppenheimer won the Nobel Peace Prize did he co-found the Climate Action Network?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did Oppenheimer's research and advocacy work on acid rain contribute to?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will Oppenheimer's Special Report on climate extremes and disasters?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is Oppenheimer's occupation?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: Greenhouse gases, acid rain, or Earth Summit?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: In the late 1980s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a Special Report on climate extremes and disasters

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Nobel Peace Prize

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate extremes and disasters.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Nobel Peace Prize

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate extremes and disasters. In the late 1980s,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate extremes and disasters.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate extremes and disasters.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Oppenheimer

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Oppenheimer

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Oppenheimer

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate extremes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: acid rain

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate extremes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate extremes

text: The authors found that 99.4% agreed that the global climate is changing but that "the debate of the causes of climate change is particularly virulent among them." Analyzing their responses, the authors labelled 36% of respondents 'comply with Kyoto', as "they express the strong belief that climate change is happening, that it is not a normal cycle of nature, and humans are the main or central cause." 'Regulation activists' (10%) "diagnose climate change as being both human- and naturally caused, posing a moderate public risk, with only slight impact on their personal life." Skeptical of anthropogenic warming (sum 51%) they labelled 'nature is overwhelming' (24%), 'economic responsibility' (10%), and 'fatalists' (17%). Respondents giving these responses disagreed in various ways with mainstream scientific opinion on climate change, expressing views such as that climate change is 'natural', that its causes are unknown, that it is harmless, or that regulation such as that represented by Kyoto Protocol is in itself harmful.

text: The authors found that 99.4% agreed that the global climate is changing but that "the debate of the causes of climate change is particularly virulent among them." Analyzing their responses, the authors labelled 36% of respondents 'comply with Kyoto', as "they express the strong belief that climate change is happening, that it is not a normal cycle of nature, and humans are the main or central cause." 'Regulation activists' (10%) "diagnose climate change as being both human- and naturally caused, posing a moderate public risk, with only slight impact on their personal life." Skeptical of anthropogenic warming (sum 51%) they labelled 'nature is overwhelming' (24%), 'economic responsibility' (10%), and 'fatalists' (17%). Respondents giving these responses disagreed in various ways with

text: mainstream scientific opinion on climate change

text: , expressing views such as that climate change is 'natural', that its causes are unknown, that it is harmless, or that regulation such as that represented by

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: is in itself harmful.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: that its causes are unknown

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 36% of respondents 'comply with Kyoto

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 'Regulation activists'

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic responsibility

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate is changing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Skeptical of anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: nature is overwhelming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: moderate public risk

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 'Regulation activists'

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 'Regulation activists'

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Skeptical

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it is harmless,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 'fatalists'

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: slight impact on their personal life."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 99.4%

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 36% of respondents 'comply with Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 36% of respondents 'comply with Kyoto',

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: anthropogenic warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic warming (sum 51%)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic warming

text: Therefore, solar radiation management, or albedo modification, is considered to be a potential option for addressing climate change. As the National Academy of Sciences states in its 2015 report: "The two main options for responding to the risks of climate change involve mitigation—reducing and eventually eliminating human-caused emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases (GHGs)—and adaptation—reducing the vulnerability of human and natural systems to changes in climate. A third potentially viable option, currently under development but not yet widely deployed, is carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere accompanied by reliable sequestration. A fourth, more speculative family of approaches called albedo modification seeks to offset climate warming by greenhouse gases by increasing the amount of sunlight reflected back to space." In this context, solar radiation management is widely viewed as a complement, not a substitute, to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. As The Royal Society concluded in its 2009 report: "Geoengineering methods are not a substitute for climate change mitigation, and should only be considered as part of a wider package of options for addressing climate change." Or put another way: "The safest and most predictable method of moderating climate change is to take early and effective action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. No geoengineering method can provide an easy or readily acceptable alternative solution to the problem of climate change. Geoengineering methods could, however, potentially be useful in future to augment continuing efforts to mitigate climate change by reducing emissions, and so should be subject to more detailed research and analysis."

text: Therefore, solar radiation management, or albedo modification, is considered to be a potential option for addressing

text: climate change

text: . As the

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: states in its 2015 report: "The two main options for responding to the risks of climate change involve mitigation—reducing and eventually eliminating human-caused emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases (GHGs)—and adaptation—reducing the vulnerability of human and natural systems to changes in climate. A third potentially viable option, currently under development but not yet widely deployed, is

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: (CDR) from the atmosphere accompanied by reliable sequestration. A fourth, more speculative family of approaches called albedo modification seeks to offset climate warming by greenhouse gases by increasing the amount of sunlight reflected back to space." In this context, solar radiation management is widely viewed as a complement, not a substitute, to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. As The Royal Society concluded in its 2009 report: "Geoengineering methods are not a substitute for climate change mitigation, and should only be considered as part of a wider package of options for addressing climate change." Or put another way: "The safest and most predictable method of moderating climate change is to take early and effective action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. No geoengineering method can provide an easy or readily acceptable alternative solution to the problem of climate change. Geoengineering methods could, however, potentially be useful in future to augment continuing efforts to mitigate climate change by reducing emissions, and so should be subject to more detailed research and analysis."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: geoengineering methods can provide an easy or readily acceptable alternative solution to the problem of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the acronym for greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the two main options for responding to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO and other greenhouse gases (GHGs)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: albedo modification

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a potential option for addressing climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Where does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the National Academy of Sciences state in its 2015 report?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does the National Academy of Sciences state?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: No geoengineering method can provide an easy or readily acceptable alternative solution

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human-caused emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sunlight reflected back to space."

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-caused emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: solar radiation management, or albedo modification,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: albedo modification seeks to offset climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: albedo modification seeks to offset climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: No geoengineering method

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human and natural systems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: solar radiation management, or albedo modification,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Geoengineering methods

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a complement, not a substitute, to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: solar radiation management, or albedo modification,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-caused emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate warming by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate warming

text: but too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia on a thousand-year timescale for any long-term changes to accumulate. The most common hypothesis looks to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, which might expand through a few shorter cycles until large enough to undergo a sudden collapse. The 100,000 year problem has been scrutinized by  José A. Rial, Jeseung Oh and Elizabeth Reischmann who find that master-slave synchronization between the climate systems natural frequencies and the eccentricity forcing started the 100ky ice ages of the late Pleistocene and explain their large amplitude.

text: but too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia on a thousand-year timescale for any long-term changes to accumulate. The most common hypothesis looks to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, which might expand through a few shorter cycles until large enough to undergo a sudden collapse. The 100,000 year problem has been scrutinized by  José A. Rial, Jeseung Oh and Elizabeth Reischmann who find that master-slave synchronization between the climate systems natural frequencies and the eccentricity forcing started the 100ky ice ages of the late Pleistocene and explain their large amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia on a thousand-year timescale

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100ky

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this passage?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the most common hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a sudden collapse

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice sheets, which might expand through a few shorter cycles

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the most common hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 100ky ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: amplitude

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a sudden collapse.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100ky

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 100ky ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: expand through a few shorter cycles

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The most common hypothesis looks to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 100ky ice ages of the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: too few Earth systems have a thermal inertia

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages of the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice sheets,

text: Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (such as more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world. The latter effect is currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts.

text: Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (such as more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world. The latter effect is currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: more or fewer extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, or volcanic eruptions?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced alterations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biotic processes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause more or fewer extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: less extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: oceanic processes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: plate tectonics or volcanic eruptions?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause more extreme weather events?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceanic circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human-specific impacts.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: decades to millions of years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: decades to millions of years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more or fewer extreme weather events).

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: more or fewer extreme weather events).

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: decades to millions of years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced alterations of the natural world.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: decades to millions of years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceanic circulation),

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more or fewer extreme weather events).

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic eruptions,

text: Factors that can shape climate are called climate forcings or "forcing mechanisms". These include processes such as variations in solar radiation, variations in the Earth's orbit, variations in the albedo or reflectivity of the continents and oceans, mountain-building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcings, while others respond more quickly.  There are also key threshold factors which when exceeded can produce rapid change.

text: Factors that can shape climate are called

text: climate forcing

text: s or "forcing mechanisms". These include processes such as variations in

text: solar radiation

text: , variations in the Earth's orbit, variations in the

text: albedo

text: or reflectivity of the continents and oceans,

text: mountain-building

text: and

text: continental drift

text: and changes in

text: greenhouse gas

text: concentrations. There are a variety of

text: climate change feedbacks

text: that can either amplify or diminish the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcings, while others respond more quickly.  There are also key

text: threshold factors

text: which when exceeded can produce rapid change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mountain-building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a climate forcing?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a process that can shape climate?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate forcings or "forcing mechanisms"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: mountain-building and continental drift

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the process that can shape climate?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: mountain-building and continental drift

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of a climate forcing mechanism?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the key threshold factors which when exceeded can produce rapid change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a climate forcing: mountain-building and continental drift or changes in greenhouse gas concentrations?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What are the key threshold factors that can produce rapid change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variations in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: rapid change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slowly in reaction to climate forcings, while others respond more quickly.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: mountain-building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the oceans and ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: mountain-building

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: mountain-building and continental drift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: mountain-building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variations in solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice caps,

text: In the past, the main drivers of global change have been solar variation, plate tectonics, volcanism, proliferation and abatement of life, meteorite impact, resource depletion, changes in Earth’s orbit around the sun and changes in the tilt of Earth on its axis. There is overwhelming evidence that now the main driver of planetary-scale change, or global change, is  the growing human population’s demand for energy, food, goods, services and information, and its disposal of its waste products. In the last 250 years, global change has caused climate change, widespread species extinctions, fish-stock collapse, desertification, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, pollution, and other large-scale shifts.

text: In the past, the main drivers of global change have been

text: solar variation

text: plate tectonics

text: volcanism

text: , proliferation and abatement of

text: life

text: meteorite

text: impact, resource depletion, changes in

text: Earth

text: ’s orbit around the sun and changes in the tilt of Earth on its axis. There is overwhelming evidence that now the main driver of planetary-scale change, or global change, is  the growing human population’s

text: demand for energy

text: , food, goods, services and information, and its

text: disposal

text: of its

text: waste

text: products. In the last 250 years, global change has caused

text: climate change

text: widespread species extinction

text: s, fish-stock collapse,

text: desertification

text: ocean acidification

text: ozone depletion

text: pollution

text: , and other large-scale shifts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: solar variation, plate tectonics, volcanism

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 250 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 250 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are ozone depleting

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global change: solar variation, plate tectonics, volcanism, proliferation and abatement of life, meteorite impact, resource depletion, changes in Earth’s orbit around the sun and changes in the tilt of Earth on its axis?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, widespread species extinctions, fish-stock collapse

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human population’s

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the tilt of Earth on its axis

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has caused climate change, widespread species extinctions, fish-stock collapse, desertification, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, pollution, and other large-scale shifts?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Earth’s tilt on its axis

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a major driver of global change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global change has caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: abatement of life

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: abatement of life

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global change has caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: proliferation and abatement of life,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 250 years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 250 years,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ozone depletion, pollution,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the growing human population’s

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global change has caused climate change, widespread species extinctions,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 250 years,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the tilt of Earth on its axis.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: desertification, ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: growing human population’s demand

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: proliferation and abatement of life,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 250

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: past, the main drivers of global change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: solar variation, plate tectonics, volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 250 years,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ozone depletion, pollution,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: widespread species extinctions,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: solar variation, plate tectonics, volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 250 years,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ocean acidification,

text: Much of his research focuses on past climate change, including work on a variety of issues ranging from temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals, to theories for Pleistocene ice-age cycles, to further developing the preexisting Snowball Earth hypothesis with his colleague Paul F. Hoffman. Currently he is working with economists and engineers on technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

text: Much of his research focuses on past

text: climate change

text: , including work on a variety of issues ranging from temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals, to theories for

text: Pleistocene

text: ice-age cycles, to further developing the preexisting

text: Snowball Earth

text: hypothesis with his colleague

text: Paul F. Hoffman

text: . Currently he is working with economists and engineers on technological approaches to

text: mitigating future climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: He is working with economists and engineers on technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term for greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a climate change issue: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals, theories for Pleistocene ice-age cycles, or further developing the preexisting preexisting Snowball Earth hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature reconstructions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice-age cycles

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of issue: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments or corals?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the Snowball Earth hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Paul F. Hoffman

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice-age cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature reconstructions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice-age cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis with his colleague Paul F. Hoffman.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: corals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice-age cycles,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis with his colleague Paul F. Hoffman.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis with his colleague Paul F. Hoffman.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice-age cycles,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice-age cycles,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice-age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice-age cycles,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice-age cycles,

text: Sheldon Ungar, a Canadian sociologist, compares the different public reactions towards ozone depletion and global warming. The public opinion failed to tie climate change to concrete events which could be used as a threashold or beacon to signify immediate danger. Scientific predictions of a temperature rise of two to three degrees Celsius over several decades do not respond with people, e.g. in North America, that experience similar swings during a single day. As scientists define global warming a problem of the future, a liability in "attention economy", pessimistic outlooks in general and assigning extreme weather to climate change have often been discredited or ridiculed (compare Gore effect) in the public arena. While the greenhouse effect per se is essential for life on earth, the case was quite different with the ozone shield and other metaphors about the ozone depletion. The scientific assessment of the ozone problem also had large uncertainties. But the metaphors used in the discussion (ozone shield, ozone hole) reflected better with lay people and their concerns.

text: Sheldon Ungar, a Canadian sociologist, compares the different public reactions towards

text: ozone depletion and global warming

text: . The public opinion failed to tie climate change to concrete events which could be used as a threashold or beacon to signify immediate danger. Scientific predictions of a temperature rise of two to three degrees Celsius over several decades do not respond with people, e.g. in North America, that experience similar swings during a single day. As scientists define global warming a problem of the future, a liability in "

text: attention economy

text: ", pessimistic outlooks in general and assigning extreme weather to climate change have often been discredited or ridiculed (compare

text: Gore effect

text: ) in the public arena. While the

text: greenhouse effect

text: per se

text: is essential for life on earth, the case was quite different with the

text: ozone shield

text: and other metaphors about the ozone depletion. The scientific assessment of the ozone problem also had large uncertainties. But the metaphors used in the discussion (ozone shield, ozone hole) reflected better with lay people and their concerns.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the greenhouse effect per se is essential for life on earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is essential for life on earth?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a metaphor: ozone shield, ozone hole, or pessimistic outlooks?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and ozone depletion are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could be used as a beacon to signify immediate danger

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many degrees Celsius over several decades do not respond with people

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a metaphor: ozone shield, ozone hole?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees Celsius has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is essential for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is essential for life on earth?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Gore effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ozone shield

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Gore effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Gore effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: assigning extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: two to three degrees Celsius over several decades

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: essential for life on earth,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone shield

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: immediate danger.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: North America, that experience similar swings during a single day.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: similar swings during a single day.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The public opinion failed to tie climate change to concrete events

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: pessimistic outlooks

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: greenhouse effect per se is essential for life

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America, that experience similar swings during a single day.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: essential for life on earth,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: similar swings during a single day.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ozone depletion and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ozone depletion and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two to three degrees Celsius

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: similar swings during a single day.

text: The challenges of climate change necessitate a transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathway. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is expected to promote such a transition by providing support to developing countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. Meaningful progress will be made through a combination of long-term commitments and immediate action based on international cooperation.

text: The challenges of climate change necessitate a transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathway. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is expected to promote such a transition by providing support to developing countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. Meaningful progress will be made through a combination of long-term commitments and immediate action based on international cooperation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathway

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the GCF expected to promote?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the G in GCF stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate-resilient development pathway

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of event is the Green Climate Fund expected to promote?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: adverse impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an adverse impact of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will climate change cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate-resilient development pathway

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathway.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate-resilient development pathway. The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adverse impacts of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change.

text: The most direct effect of climate change on humans might be the impacts of hotter temperatures themselves. Extreme high temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day for many reasons: people with heart problems are vulnerable because one's cardiovascular system must work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather, heat exhaustion, and some respiratory problems increase. Global warming could mean more cardiovascular diseases, doctors warn. Higher air temperature also increase the concentration of ozone at ground level. In the lower atmosphere, ozone is a harmful pollutant. It damages lung tissues and causes problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases.

text: The most direct effect of climate change on humans might be the impacts of hotter temperatures themselves. Extreme high temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day for many reasons: people with heart problems are vulnerable because one's cardiovascular system must work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather, heat exhaustion, and some respiratory problems increase. Global warming could mean more

text: cardiovascular disease

text: s, doctors warn. Higher air temperature also increase the concentration of ozone at ground level. In the lower atmosphere, ozone is a harmful pollutant. It damages lung tissues and causes problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Extreme high temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a harmful pollutant?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the most direct effect of climate change on humans?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming could mean more what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause people with heart problems to have to work harder to keep the body cool

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extreme high temperatures increase the number of people who die

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a direct effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the most direct effect of climate change on humans?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a negative effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most direct effect of climate change on humans?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What is the most direct effect of climate change on humans?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What is the most likely cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a harmful pollutant?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a harmful pollutant?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extreme high temperatures

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme high temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: people who die on a given day

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Extreme high temperatures

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: high temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Extreme high temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: hotter temperatures

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Higher air temperature also increase the concentration of ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: hotter temperatures

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming could mean more cardiovascular diseases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The most direct effect of climate change on humans

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The most direct effect of climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The most direct effect of climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming could mean more cardiovascular diseases,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ozone at ground level.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The most direct effect of climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Extreme high temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: The Earth has entered another period of rapid climate change, known as global warming. Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about , with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. It is important to consider this statistic as being a global average. The effects of climate change may be highly heterogeneous over the landscape effecting different areas in different ways and magnitudes. The current climate change regime could have effects on the movement, persistence, and competition within and between plant communities. Also, the fact that forests are major constituents of habitat raises concerns on the effects of forest movement on climate change and greenhouse gas risk factors. Also some concern on the effects of forest migrations should be evaluated for wildlife because of the possibilities of forest fragmentations and extirpations.

text: The Earth has entered another period of rapid

text: climate change

text: , known as

text: global warming

text: . Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about , with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. It is important to consider this statistic as being a global average. The effects of climate change may be highly heterogeneous over the landscape effecting different areas in different ways and magnitudes. The current climate change regime could have effects on the movement, persistence, and competition within and between plant communities. Also, the fact that forests are major constituents of

text: habitat

text: raises concerns on the effects of forest movement on climate change and

text: greenhouse gas

text: risk factors. Also some concern on the effects of forest migrations should be evaluated for wildlife because of the possibilities of forest fragmentations and extirpations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global air and sea surface temperature has increased about

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two-thirds

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of the increase in global air and sea surface temperature occurred since 1980?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, forest migration, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: movement

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a large increase in global sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea surface temperature has increased about

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a concern on the effects of forest migration on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the effects of climate change be?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true of the climate change regime?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global air and sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: about

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: since the early 20th century

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the early 20th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migrations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two-thirds

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two-thirds

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas risk factors.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the movement, persistence, and competition within and between plant communities.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global air and sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global air and sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: the global air and sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The effects of climate change may be highly heterogeneous

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1980.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The effects of climate change may be highly heterogeneous

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The effects of climate change may be highly heterogeneous

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: plant communities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming. Since the early 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Earth has entered another period of rapid climate change, known as global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the global air and sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Since the early 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming. Since the early 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming. Since the early 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: Furthermore, media coverage of climate change (particularly in tabloid journalism but also more generally), is concentrated around extreme weather events and projections of catastrophe, creating “a language of imminent terror” which some commentators argue has instilled policy-paralysis and inhibited response. Moser et al. suggest using solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change. The predominance of catastrophe frames over solution frames may help explain the apparent value-action gap with climate change; the current discursive setting has generated concern over climate change but not inspired action.

text: Furthermore, media coverage of climate change (particularly in tabloid journalism but also more generally), is concentrated around extreme weather events and projections of catastrophe, creating “a language of imminent terror” which some commentators argue has instilled policy-paralysis and inhibited response. Moser et al. suggest using solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change. The predominance of catastrophe frames over solution frames may help explain the apparent

text: value-action gap

text: with climate change; the current discursive setting has generated concern over climate change but not inspired action.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Using solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does Moser et al. suggest using solution-orientated frames

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Moser et al. suggest using solution-orientated frames?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What causes climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: catastrophe frames

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is an example of an extreme weather event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: When does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Moser et al. suggest using solution-orientated frames?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does Moser et al. suggest

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Moser et al. suggest?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a language of imminent terror

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is concentrated around extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: media coverage of climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: projections of catastrophe, creating “a language of imminent terror”

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: media coverage of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: solution-orientated frames will help inspire action to solve climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extreme weather events

text: Global warming also affects weather patterns as they pertain to cyclones. Scientists have found that although there have been fewer cyclones than in the past, the intensity of each cyclone has increased. A simplified definition of what global warming means for the planet is that colder regions would get warmer and warmer regions would get much warmer. However, there is also speculation that the complete opposite could be true. A warmer earth could serve to moderate temperatures worldwide. There is still much that is not understood about the earth’s climate, because it is very difficult to make climate models. As such, predicting the effects that global warming might have on our planet is still an inexact science. Global warming is also causing the amout of hazards on the ocean to increase. It has cause the amount of fog on sea level harder for ships to navigate without crashing into other boats or other objects in the ocean. The warmness and dampness of the ground is causing the fog to come closer to the sea level of the ocean. As the rain falls it makes the ground wet, then the warm air rises leaving a layer of cold air that turns into fog causing an unsafe ocean for travels and for working conditions in the ocean. It is also causing the ocean to create more floods due to the fact that it is warming up and the ice bergs from the ice age are now melting away completely causing the sea levels to rise which the causes the ocean to take over part of the land and beaches. The ice bergs are melting at an alarming rate which is causing the ocean to rise faster than predictied. inside of these ice bergs there are traces of bubbles that are filled with CO that are then released into the atomosphere when they melt causing the greenhouse effect to grow at an even faster rate.

text: Global warming also affects weather patterns as they pertain to

text: cyclone

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: A warmer earth could serve to moderate temperatures worldwide

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: ice bergs from the ice age?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: global warming, cyclones, or fog?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How does global warming affect cyclones?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: global warming, global warming, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is it difficult to make climate models?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for global warming?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: global warming, global warming, or plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: cyclone

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: icebergs

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: A warmer earth could serve to moderate temperatures worldwide.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: faster than predictied.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: causing the ocean to create more floods

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: causing the ocean to create more floods

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: causing the ocean to create more floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: causing the ocean to create more floods

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: colder regions would get warmer and warmer regions would get much warmer.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice bergs

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: cold air that turns into fog

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice bergs

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice bergs

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice bergs

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice bergs

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: fog

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: faster than predictied.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: layer of cold air that turns into fog

text: Existing ecological guidelines for designing networks independently focus on achieving either fisheries, biodiversity or climate change objectives or combinations of fisheries and biodiversity or biodiversity and climate change. These three goals have different implications for network design. The most important are reserve size and protection duration (permanent, long term, short term, or periodic closures).

text: Existing ecological guidelines for designing networks independently focus on achieving either fisheries, biodiversity or climate change objectives or combinations of fisheries and biodiversity or biodiversity and climate change. These three goals have different implications for network design. The most important are reserve size and protection duration (permanent, long term, short term, or periodic closures).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the most important are reserve size and protection duration

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change objectives

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The most important are reserve size and protection duration

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: fisheries

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a negative impact on fisheries

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in tropical oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The most important are reserve size and protection duration

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long term

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: periodic closures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: fisheries,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: fisheries,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: fisheries, biodiversity or climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: periodic closures).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: periodic closures).

text: The sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil became a source of concern for many members after evidence surfaced that ExxonMobil had known about climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science. On February 22, 2016, a letter signed by 100 scientists was delivered to the AGU, requesting that they cut all ties with ExxonMobil and other companies that foster climate misinformation. The AGU Board of Directors met on 22 April 2016 and voted to continue accepting sponsorship from ExxonMobil, arguing that there was not unequivocal evidence that ExxonMobil continues to participate in climate misinformation. Instead of making a short-term political statement, the Board wished to engage with the energy industry over the long term. In response, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse and Representative Ted Lieu sent a critical letter saying that ExxonMobil continues to fund climate denial and is misleading the AGU. The Union of Concerned Scientists also sent a letter urging them to reconsider. However, in a meeting on 23 September 2016, the Board upheld its previous decision.

text: The sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil became a source of concern for many members after evidence surfaced that ExxonMobil had known about climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science. On February 22, 2016, a letter signed by 100 scientists was delivered to the AGU, requesting that they cut all ties with ExxonMobil and other companies that foster climate misinformation. The AGU Board of Directors met on 22 April 2016 and voted to continue accepting sponsorship from ExxonMobil, arguing that there was not unequivocal evidence that ExxonMobil continues to participate in climate misinformation. Instead of making a short-term political statement, the Board wished to engage with the energy industry over the long term. In response, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse and Representative Ted Lieu sent a critical letter saying that ExxonMobil continues to fund climate denial and is misleading the AGU. The

text: Union of Concerned Scientists

text: also sent a letter urging them to reconsider. However, in a meeting on 23 September 2016, the Board upheld its previous decision.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ExxonMobil had known about climate change for decades

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did the sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the letter to be delivered to the AGU?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ExxonMobil and other companies that foster climate misinformation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Exxon Mobil

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: exxonmobil

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many scientists were delivered to the AGU?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many scientists were delivered to the AGU?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil became a source of concern for many members or the Union of Concerned Scientists also sent a letter urging them to reconsider?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did the AGU Board of Directors decide to do?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years did the sponsorship of AGU by ExxonMobil last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many scientists were delivered to the AGU?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: exxonmobil

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a meeting on 23 September 2016

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the Board upheld its previous decision.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate denial

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change for decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: decades

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2016,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2016,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2016,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ExxonMobil,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: decades

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2016,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change for decades but had actively worked to undermine climate science.

text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) website provides information on climate change: EPA Climate Change. Climate change is a problem that is affecting people and the environment. Human-induced climate change has, e.g., the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of extreme weathers such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.  A report released in March 2012 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed that a strong body of evidence links global warming to an increase in heat waves, a rise in episodes of heavy rainfall and other precipitation, and more frequent coastal flooding.  The U.S. had its warmest March–May on record in 2012. (See March 2012 North American heat wave)

text: The

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: 's (EPA) website provides information on climate change: EPA Climate Change. Climate change is a problem that is affecting people and the environment. Human-induced climate change has, e.g., the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of

text: extreme weather

text: s such as heat waves,

text: cold wave

text: s,

text: storm

text: s,

text: flood

text: s and

text: drought

text: s.  A report released in March 2012 by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) confirmed that a strong body of evidence links global warming to an increase in heat waves, a rise in episodes of heavy rainfall and other precipitation, and more frequent

text: coastal flooding

text: .  The U.S. had its warmest March–May on record in 2012. (See

text: March 2012 North American heat wave

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The U.S. had its warmest March–May on record in 2012

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a problem that is affecting people and the environment?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of extreme weather: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change is a problem that is affecting people and the environment

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that is affecting people and the environment?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase in heat waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of extreme weather: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: human-induced climate change, global warming, or continent shift?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect people?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What was the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: What is the difference between the Medieval warm period and the present decade?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What is a problem that is affecting people and the environment?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cold waves,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heavy rainfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change is a problem that is affecting people

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cold waves,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increase in heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cold waves,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: March 2012 North American heat wave)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold waves,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cold waves,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warmest March–May on record in 2012.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cold waves,

text: Global warming refers to the warming caused by human technology since the 19th century or earlier. Global warming reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth. Projections of future climate change suggest further global warming, sea level rise, and an increase in the frequency and severity of some extreme weather events and weather-related disasters. Effects of global warming include loss of biodiversity, stresses to existing food-producing systems, increased spread of known infectious diseases such as malaria, and rapid mutation of microorganisms.

text: Global warming

text: refers to the warming caused by human technology since the 19th century or earlier. Global warming reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth. Projections of future climate change suggest further global warming, sea level rise, and an increase in the frequency and severity of some extreme weather events and weather-related disasters. Effects of global warming include loss of biodiversity, stresses to existing food-producing systems, increased spread of known infectious diseases such as malaria, and rapid mutation of

text: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: sea level rise is not caused by global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the 19th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: sea level rise, global warming or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and sea level rise are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human technology

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rapid mutation of microorganisms

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human technology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 19th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: abnormal variations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: loss of biodiversity, stresses to existing food-producing systems,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human technology

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: malaria, and rapid mutation of microorganisms.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea level rise,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: frequency and severity of some extreme weather events and weather-related disasters.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: further global warming, sea level rise,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: rapid mutation of microorganisms.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Projections of future climate change suggest further global warming, sea level rise,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human technology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea level rise,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: For example, in the mid 19th century, James Croll published calculations of how the gravitational pulls of the Sun, Moon, and planets subtly affect the Earth's motion and orientation. The inclination of the Earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit around the Sun oscillate gently in cycles lasting tens of thousands of years. During some periods the Northern Hemisphere would get slightly less sunlight during the winter than it would get during other centuries. Snow would accumulate, reflecting sunlight and leading to a self-sustaining ice age. Most scientists, however, found Croll’s ideas—and every other theory of climate change—unconvincing.

text: For example, in the mid 19th century,

text: James Croll

text: published calculations of how the gravitational pulls of the Sun, Moon, and planets subtly affect the Earth's motion and orientation. The inclination of the Earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit around the Sun oscillate gently in cycles lasting tens of thousands of years. During some periods the Northern Hemisphere would get slightly less sunlight during the winter than it would get during other centuries. Snow would accumulate, reflecting sunlight and leading to a self-sustaining ice age. Most scientists, however, found Croll’s ideas—and every other theory of climate change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a self-sustaining ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unconvincing

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Croll’s ideas

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes the Northern Hemisphere to get slightly less sunlight during the winter?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Croll's ideas, and every other theory of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Croll’s ideas

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would cause the Northern Hemisphere to get slightly less sunlight than it would get during other centuries

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Snow would accumulate, reflecting sunlight

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a theory of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a theory of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Northern Hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unconvincing

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: snow would accumulate

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unconvincing

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slightly less sunlight during the winter

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19th century,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Croll’s ideas—and every other theory of climate change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Snow would accumulate, reflecting sunlight

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: gravitational pulls of the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Snow

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Snow would accumulate,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: slightly less sunlight

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Snow

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Croll’s

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Snow

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: change—unconvincing.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slightly less sunlight

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: Prior to the last Ice Age, the River Thames followed a more northerly route to the North Sea, from Reading via Marlow, Chorleywood, St Albans, Hertford and along the present Suffolk-Essex border. During this period, the Mole is thought to have merged with the River Wey near Byfleet and then flowed in a north-easterly direction via Richmond to meet the proto-Thames near Ware in Hertfordshire, (today the Mole and Wey are less than  apart at their closest point near Painshill Park). During the Middle Pleistocene period, a large ice sheet built up across much of the East of England, reaching as far south as St Albans and Chelmsford, blocking the path of the proto-Thames. Glacial meltwater from the Anglian ice sheet, caused the Thames to divert southwards and flood the valley of the Mole-Wey river, thus adopting its present route through London.

text: Prior to the last

text: Ice Age

text: , the River Thames followed a more northerly route to the

text: North Sea

text: , from

text: Reading

text: via

text: Marlow

text: Chorleywood

text: St Albans

text: Hertford

text: and along the present

text: Suffolk

text: Essex

text: border. During this period, the Mole is thought to have merged with the

text: River Wey

text: near

text: Byfleet

text: and then flowed in a north-easterly direction via

text: Richmond

text: to meet the proto-Thames near

text: Ware

text: in

text: Hertfordshire

text: , (today the Mole and Wey are less than  apart at their closest point near Painshill Park). During the

text: Middle Pleistocene

text: period, a large ice sheet built up across much of the East of England, reaching as far south as

text: St Albans

text: and

text: Chelmsford

text: , blocking the path of the proto-Thames.

text: Glacial meltwater

text: from the Anglian ice sheet, caused the Thames to divert southwards and flood the valley of the Mole-Wey river, thus adopting its present route through

text: London

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Mole and Wey are less than apart at their closest point near Painshill Park

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of river: Mole, Wey, or Thames?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does this affect the environment?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Middle Pleistocene period last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did Glacial meltwater from the Anglian ice sheet affect the Thames?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most likely reason the Mole and Wey are less than apart at their closest point?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Prior to the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Glacial meltwater

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Middle Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Middle Pleistocene

text: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable developed 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy. These principles are:

text: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable developed 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy. These principles are:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable developed 5 key principles to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, is a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following statements about climate change is true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The climate can change as continents shift position.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable developed 5 key principles to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The answer: yes

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age was a geological time period.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The answer: yes.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The answer: solar storms.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: can not be inferred

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The G8

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 5 key principles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 5 key principles for businesses to consider when crafting a climate change mitigation strategy.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The G8 Climate Change Roundtable

text: The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.

text: The effects of

text: global warming

text: are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es. There is

text: a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring

text: , and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including

text: glacier retreat

text: , changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacier retreat is not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary driver of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary driver of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in the timing of seasonal events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: earlier flowering of plants

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: human emissions of greenhouse gases or glacier retreat?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to glacier retreat?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacier retreat

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: earlier flowering of plants),

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in the timing of seasonal events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus that climate change is occurring,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: earlier flowering of plants),

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacier retreat,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacier retreat,

text: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions. This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels.

text: There is a

text: scientific consensus

text: linking human activities to

text: global warming

text: due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions. This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a

text: global rise in average sea levels

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global rise in average sea levels

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are predicted to increase due to human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sun?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: industrial carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a global rise in average sea levels

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: significant changes in weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: more extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global rise in average sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: more extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide emissions.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: industrial carbon dioxide emissions.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: more extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melting of glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more extreme temperature ranges,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of glaciers and ice sheets,

text: Mitigation of climate change involves actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change (Fisher et al., 2007:225). Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs, e.g., forests.

text: Mitigation of climate change involves actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change (Fisher et al., 2007:225). Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of GHG emissions or through the enhancement of

text: sinks

text: that absorb GHGs, e.g., forests.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Mitigation involves actions that are designed to limit the amount of short-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be mitigated through the following:

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a source of GHG emissions?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forests

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sinks that absorb GHGs

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Fisher et al., 2007:225

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sink?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the effects of global warming be?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is mitigation of climate change important?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: forests.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: forests.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: forests.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Mitigation of climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: GHG emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sinks

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: long-term climate change

text: "Climate change merely increases the urgency of reforming trade policies to ensure that global food security needs are met" said C. Bellmann, ICTSD Programmes Director.  A 2009 ICTSD-IPC study by Jodie Keane suggests that climate change could cause farm output in sub-Saharan Africa to decrease by 12 percent by 2080 - although in some African countries this figure could be as much as 60 percent, with agricultural exports declining by up to one fifth in others. Adapting to climate change could cost the agriculture sector $14bn globally a year, the study finds.

text: Climate change

text: merely increases the urgency of reforming trade policies to ensure that global

text: food security

text: needs are met" said C. Bellmann,

entity_name: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

text: ICTSD

text: Programmes Director.  A 2009 ICTSD-IPC study by Jodie Keane suggests that

text: climate change

text: could cause farm output in

text: sub-Saharan Africa

text: to decrease by 12 percent by 2080 - although in some African countries this figure could be as much as 60 percent, with

text: agricultural exports

text: declining by up to one fifth in others. Adapting to

text: climate change

text: could cost the agriculture sector $14bn globally a year, the study finds.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Adapting to climate change could cost the agriculture sector $14bn globally a year

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What could cause farm output in sub-Saharan Africa to decrease?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change could cause farm output to decrease by how many percent?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: agricultural exports

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could cause farm output to decrease by how many percent by 2080?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate change, climate shift, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global food security needs are met"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change could cause farm output in sub-Saharan Africa

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change could cause farm output

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: trade policies

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: trade policies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: farm output in sub-Saharan Africa to decrease by 12 percent

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sub-Saharan Africa to decrease by 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2080

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2080

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 12 percent by 2080

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 12 percent by 2080

text: Co-published by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum, The Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009 by the Government of the Maldives, the “Climate Vulnerability Monitor” provides an overview of countries´ susceptibility to short-term climate change (in 2010 and 2030), by using a barometer to assess the estimated effects on each country’s health, weather disasters, human habitat loss and economic stresses. The 2010 report was presented at the UN Cancun Summit in December, 2010.

text: Co-published by DARA and the

text: Climate Vulnerable Forum

text: , The Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009 by the Government of the

text: Maldives

text: , the “Climate Vulnerability Monitor” provides an overview of countries´ susceptibility to short-term climate change (in 2010 and 2030), by using a barometer to assess the estimated effects on each country’s health, weather disasters, human habitat loss and economic stresses. The 2010 report was presented at the UN

text: Cancun Summit

text: in December, 2010.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Government of the Maldives

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What type of weather disasters does the Climate Vulnerability Monitor assess?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009 by the Government of the Maldives

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: weather disasters

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that the Climate Vulnerability Monitor provides?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: weather disasters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in December, 2010

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the Climate Vulnerability Monitor look at?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2010 and 2030

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2030),

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2030),

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: weather disasters, human habitat loss and economic stresses.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: weather disasters, human habitat loss and economic stresses.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: countries <unk> susceptibility to short-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2030),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human habitat loss

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2030),

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: weather disasters,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor was initiated in 2009

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2030),

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2009 by the Government of the Maldives,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: barometer

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2030), by using a barometer

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2030),

text: In addition, numerous species such as mammoths on Wrangel Island and St. Paul Island survived in human-free refugia despite changes in climate. This would not be expected if climate change were responsible (unless their maritime climates offered some protection against climate change not afforded to coastal populations on the mainland). Under normal ecological assumptions island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction due to climate change because of small populations and an inability to migrate to more favorable climes.

text: In addition, numerous species such as mammoths on

text: Wrangel Island

text: and

text: St. Paul Island

text: survived in human-free

text: refugia

text: despite changes in climate. This would not be expected if climate change were responsible (unless their maritime climates offered some protection against climate change not afforded to coastal populations on the mainland). Under normal ecological assumptions island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction due to climate change because of small populations and an inability to migrate to more favorable climes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction due to small populations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are responsible for climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sunspots in the solar system?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change would not be expected if what were responsible

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-free

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would not be expected if climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would not be expected if climate change were responsible

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to island populations?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It would not be expected

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: mammoths

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: This would not be expected if climate change were responsible

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: changes in climate. This would not be expected if climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: small populations and an inability to migrate to more favorable climes.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: mammoths

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: This would not be expected if climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: island populations

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: island populations should be more vulnerable to extinction

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: changes in climate. This would not be expected if climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: This would not be expected if climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: island populations

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: island populations

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: more favorable climes.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: In March 2007, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts issued a formal declaration in which they stated, “Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming. Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Documented long-term climate changes include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. The above development potentially has dramatic consequences for mankind’s future, and welcomed Live Earth and Save Our Selves initiatives, for beginning the process of mobilizing the people to take action on this matter.

text: In March 2007, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts issued a formal declaration in which they stated, “Human activity is most likely responsible for

text: climate warming

text: . Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of

text: greenhouse gases

text: in the

text: atmosphere

text: . Documented long-term climate changes include changes in

text: Arctic

text: temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and

text: extreme weather

text: including

text: droughts

text: , heavy precipitation,

text: heat waves

text: and the intensity of tropical

text: cyclones

text: . The above development potentially has dramatic consequences for mankind’s future, and welcomed

text: Live Earth

text: and

text: Save Our Selves

text: initiatives, for beginning the process of mobilizing the people to take action on this matter.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term climate change: changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic temperatures and ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a tropical cyclone?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the European Academy of Sciences and Arts state?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term climate change: Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic temperatures and ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Arctic temperatures and ice

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: “Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increased concentrations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: “Human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in Arctic temperatures and ice,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in Arctic temperatures and ice,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: “Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: wind patterns

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: “Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increased concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity,

text: During the late Pleistocene period, the climate began a dramatic change. It is unknown how and why exactly the climate changed, but scientists speculate that the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed, leading to an evident increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet. As the Pleistocene period gave way to the Paleo-Indian period, so did the harsh winter climates give way to a suitable warm climate. Strong evidence for the warm climate is the many warm-weather plants that have been found during excavations at Barton Gulch.

text: During the late

text: Pleistocene period

text: , the climate began a dramatic change. It is unknown how and why exactly the climate changed, but scientists speculate that the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed, leading to an evident increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet. As the Pleistocene period gave way to the Paleo-Indian period, so did the harsh winter climates give way to a suitable warm climate. Strong evidence for the warm climate is the many warm-weather plants that have been found during excavations at Barton Gulch.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: During the late Pleistocene period, the climate began a dramatic change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a suitable warm climate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Paleo-Indian

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do scientists believe caused the increase in sunlight exposed to the planet?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and the Paleo-Indian period

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth’s orbit around the sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Barton Gulch

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the summer

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is unknown how and why exactly the climate changed.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene period last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why did the climate begin a dramatic change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is unknown how and why exactly the climate changed

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What is the reason for the increase in carbon dioxide in the air?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene period

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: winter climates

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warm climate.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Paleo-Indian period,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: During the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: warm-weather plants

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warm-weather plants

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: late Pleistocene period,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth’s orbit around the sun changed,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the harsh winter climates

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warm-weather plants

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the Earth’s orbit around the sun changed,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Barton Gulch.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase in the amount of sunlight exposed to the planet.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: late Pleistocene

text: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods, are forecast to increase as climate change and global warming takes hold. Ranging from overnight floods to gradually worsening droughts, these will have a range of effects on the agricultural sector. By 2040, almost the entire Nile region, which once included large areas of irrigated agricultural land, is expected to become hot desert where cultivation is impossible due to water limitation. According to the Climate & Development Knowledge Network report Managing Climate Extremes and Disasters in the Agriculture Sectors: Lessons from the IPCC SREX Report, the effects will include changing productivity and livelihood patterns, economic losses, and effects on infrastructure, markets and food security. Food security in future will be linked to our ability to adapt agricultural systems to extreme events. For example, the Garifuna women in Honduras are helping to ensure food security locally by reviving and improving production of traditional root crops, building up traditional methods of soil conservation, carrying out training in organic composting and pesticide use and creating the first Garifuna farmers' market. Sixteen towns have worked together to establish tool and seed banks. Efforts to plant wild fruit trees along the coast are helping to prevent soil erosion. The aim is to reduce the communities' vulnerability to the hazards of shifting weather patterns.

text: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods, are forecast to increase as climate change and

text: global warming

text: takes hold. Ranging from overnight floods to gradually worsening droughts, these will have a range of effects on the agricultural sector. By 2040, almost the entire Nile region, which once included large areas of irrigated agricultural land, is expected to become hot desert where cultivation is impossible due to water limitation. According to the

text: Climate & Development Knowledge Network

text: report Managing Climate Extremes and Disasters in the Agriculture Sectors: Lessons from the IPCC SREX Report, the effects will include changing productivity and livelihood patterns, economic losses, and effects on infrastructure, markets and food security. Food security in future will be linked to our ability to adapt agricultural systems to extreme events. For example, the Garifuna women in

text: Honduras

text: are helping to ensure food security locally by reviving and improving production of traditional root crops, building up traditional methods of soil conservation, carrying out training in organic composting and pesticide use and creating the first Garifuna farmers' market. Sixteen towns have worked together to establish tool and seed banks. Efforts to plant wild fruit trees along the coast are helping to prevent

text: soil erosion

text: . The aim is to reduce the communities' vulnerability to the hazards of shifting weather patterns.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the entire Nile region, which once included large areas of irrigated agricultural land, is expected to become hot desert

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2040

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not predicted to increase as climate change and global warming takes hold?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not predicted to increase as climate change and global warming takes hold?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change and global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changing productivity and livelihood patterns

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many towns have worked together to establish tool and seed banks?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: overnight floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many towns have worked together to establish tool and seed banks?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How are extreme events predicted to increase as climate change takes hold?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as climate change and global warming takes hold?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the agricultural sector?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: By 2040, almost the entire Nile region

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: by 2040, almost the entire Nile region

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of extreme events?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: soil erosion

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme events, such as droughts

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: overnight floods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: irrigated agricultural land,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2040,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changing productivity and livelihood patterns,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: overnight floods

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: overnight floods to gradually worsening droughts,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: weather patterns.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: shifting weather patterns.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: shifting weather patterns.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2040,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changing productivity and livelihood patterns,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2040,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: shifting weather patterns.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: overnight floods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Extreme events, such as droughts and floods,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Extreme events,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: erosion.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Extreme events,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: overnight floods

text: In an article in the Daily Telegraph (2006), Ruth Lea, Director of the Centre for Policy Studies, questions the scientific consensus on climate change on which the Stern Review is based. She says that "authorities on climate science say that the climate system is far too complex for modest reductions in one of the thousands of factors involved in climate change (i.e., carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction." Lea questions the long-term economic projections made in the Review, commenting that economic forecasts for just two or three years ahead are usually wrong. Lea goes on to describe the problem of drawing conclusions from combining scientific and economic models as "monumentally complex", and doubts whether the international co-operation on climate change, as argued for in the Review, is really possible. In conclusion, Lea says that the real motive behind the Review is to justify increased tax on fuels.

text: In an article in the

text: Daily Telegraph

text: (2006), Ruth Lea, Director of the

text: Centre for Policy Studies

text: , questions the

text: scientific consensus on climate change

text: on which the Stern Review is based. She says that "authorities on climate science say that the climate system is far too complex for modest reductions in one of the thousands of factors involved in climate change (i.e., carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction." Lea questions the long-term economic projections made in the Review, commenting that economic forecasts for just two or three years ahead are usually wrong. Lea goes on to describe the problem of drawing conclusions from combining scientific and economic models as "monumentally complex", and doubts whether the international co-operation on climate change, as argued for in the Review, is really possible. In conclusion, Lea says that the real motive behind the Review is to justify increased tax on fuels.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: modest reductions

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many factors are involved in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: carbon emissions, economic projections, or Stern Review?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tax on fuels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased tax on fuels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term economic projections

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: magnitude,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: (2006),

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased tax on fuels.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: predictable effect

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: (2006),

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: modest reductions

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increased tax on fuels.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: economic forecasts for just two or three years ahead are usually wrong.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: modest reductions

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: increased tax on fuels.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: increased tax on fuels.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: direction."

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: modest reductions in one of the thousands of factors involved in climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (2006),

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: carbon emissions)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: reductions in one of the thousands of factors involved in climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: magnitude, or even direction."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: carbon emissions)

text: Regional effects of global warming vary in nature.  Some are the result of a generalised global change, such as rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice.  In other cases, a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or weather system.  In such cases, the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend.

text: Regional

text: effects of global warming

text: vary in nature.  Some are the result of a generalised global change, such as rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice.  In other cases, a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or

text: weather system

text: .  In such cases, the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting ice is the result of global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the result of a generalised global change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are the result of a generalised global change, such as rising temperature

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: generalised global change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can result in melting ice

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean current or weather system

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a result of a generalised global change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is a change in a particular ocean current or weather system?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Will global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: change in a particular ocean current

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: generalised global change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: local effects, such as melting ice

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean current

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: rising temperature,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: weather system.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a generalised global change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ocean current or weather system.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean current or weather system.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: a change in a particular ocean current or weather system.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: generalised global change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Some are the result of a generalised global change,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: a generalised global change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melting ice.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising temperature,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting ice.

text: In a 2009 paper "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy", Trenberth discussed the distribution of heat and how it was affected by climate forcings including greenhouse gas changes. This could be tracked from 1993 to 2003, but for the period from 2004 to 2008 it was not then possible to explain the relatively cool temperatures of 2008. In the Climatic Research Unit email controversy an unlawfully disclosed email from Trenberth about this paper was widely misrepresented: he wrote "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't." Trenberth has stated: "It is amazing to see this particular quote lambasted so often. It stems from a paper I published this year bemoaning our inability to effectively monitor the energy flows associated with short-term climate variability. It is quite clear from the paper that I was not questioning the link between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and warming, or even suggesting that recent temperatures are unusual in the context of short-term natural variability."

text: In a 2009 paper "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy", Trenberth discussed the distribution of heat and how it was affected by

text: climate forcing

text: s including greenhouse gas changes. This could be tracked from 1993 to 2003, but for the period from 2004 to 2008 it was not then possible to explain the relatively cool temperatures of 2008. In the

text: Climatic Research Unit email controversy

text: an unlawfully disclosed email from Trenberth about this paper was widely misrepresented: he wrote "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't." Trenberth has stated: "It is amazing to see this particular quote lambasted so often. It stems from a paper I published this year bemoaning our inability to effectively monitor the energy flows associated with short-term climate variability. It is quite clear from the paper that I was not questioning the link between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and warming, or even suggesting that recent temperatures are unusual in the context of short-term natural variability."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: recent temperatures are unusual in the context of short-term natural variability

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2003

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did Trenberth discuss the distribution of heat and how it was affected by climate forcings?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions and warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cool temperatures of 2008

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did Trenberth discuss the distribution of heat and how it was affected by climate forcings

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: relatively cool temperatures of 2008

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the context of short-term natural variability

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be tracked from 1993 to 2003?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to explain the relatively cool temperatures of 2008

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to explain the relatively cool temperatures of 2008

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate forcings including greenhouse gas changes

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent temperatures are unusual in the context of short-term natural variability

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: period from 2004 to 2008

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: energy flows

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cool temperatures of 2008

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: we can't account for the lack of warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: lack of warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cool temperatures of 2008.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate forcings including greenhouse gas changes.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: recent temperatures are unusual in the context of short-term natural variability."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: greenhouse gas changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2004 to 2008

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: greenhouse gas changes. This could be tracked from 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Trenberth discussed the distribution of heat

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent temperatures

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1993 to 2003,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2004 to 2008

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: relatively cool temperatures of 2008.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: recent temperatures

text: The climate change initiative of Chicago Wilderness focuses primarily on addressing the effects of climate change on the Chicago wilderness region and ways to respond to these changes. Studies have shown the impact of climate change has on the world, but little is known about how it affects specific regions. Recently, both Chicago Wilderness and the Nature Conservancy published reports to address the issues the area faces as the climate changes, both from the perspective of the city and the region's wildlife.<ref>April, Kelly. "Conservationists around Great Lakes Plan for Climate Change - Chicago Tribune." Featured Articles From The Chicago Tribune. 28 Aug. 2011. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

text: The

text: climate change

text: initiative of Chicago Wilderness focuses primarily on addressing the effects of climate change on the Chicago wilderness region and ways to respond to these changes. Studies have shown the impact of climate change has on the world, but little is known about how it affects specific regions. Recently, both Chicago Wilderness and the Nature Conservancy published reports to address the issues the area faces as the climate changes, both from the perspective of the city and the region's wildlife.<ref>April, Kelly. "Conservationists around Great Lakes Plan for Climate Change - Chicago Tribune." Featured Articles From The Chicago Tribune. 28 Aug. 2011. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: little is known about how it affects specific regions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2003.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Chicago Wilderness and the Nature Conservancy published reports to address the issues the area faces as the climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sunspots are a type of crater on the surface of the sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Chicago Wilderness, and the Nature Conservancy published reports to address the issues the area faces as the climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia is a type of tropical depression.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: According to April, Kelly. "Conservators around Great Lakes Plan for Climate Change." Featured Articles From The Chicago Tribune. 28 Aug. 2011. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Medieval warm period.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are the primary cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been increasing for many decades.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change initiative of Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: little is known about how it affects specific regions.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2011. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: little is known about how it affects specific regions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildlife.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: wildlife.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Great Lakes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The climate change initiative of Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: little is known about how it affects specific regions.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: little is known about how it affects specific regions.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: wildlife.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The climate change initiative of Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Conservationists around Great Lakes Plan for Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Studies have shown the impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 10 Feb. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The climate change initiative of Chicago Wilderness

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 10 Feb. 2012.

text: Browning worked in various scientific fields, including artificial intelligence and bio-engineering, and eventually became interested in long-term weather forecasting and climate changes. He believed that climate fluctuations are caused by changes in the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere.  The major source of these changes is volcanic activity.  He believed that volcanic activity can be triggered by land tidal forces caused by the Moon, Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun, and the alignment of these three bodies.  His climate predictions assumed that the dust thrown into the atmosphere by those eruptions reflects sunlight, which results in climatic cooling.  Browning believed that climatic changes, especially cooling, are associated with increased troubles in human society, including famine, revolutions, and war.

text: Browning worked in various scientific fields, including artificial intelligence and bio-engineering, and eventually became interested in long-term weather forecasting and climate changes. He believed that climate fluctuations are caused by changes in the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere.  The major source of these changes is volcanic activity.  He believed that volcanic activity can be triggered by land tidal forces caused by the Moon, Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun, and the alignment of these three bodies.  His climate predictions assumed that the dust thrown into the atmosphere by those eruptions reflects sunlight, which results in climatic cooling.  Browning believed that climatic changes, especially cooling, are associated with increased troubles in human society, including famine, revolutions, and war.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate fluctuations are caused by changes in the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Browning was born

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: the Moon, Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun, or the alignment of three bodies?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sun that causes volcanic activity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate changes, and revolutions are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: famine

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be triggered by land tidal

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the ocean?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: volcanic activity, land tidal forces, or volcanic activity?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: the Moon, Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun, or the alignment of these three bodies?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: volcanic activity, land tidal forces, or the alignment of these three bodies?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: the Moon, Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun, or the alignment of these three bodies?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of volcanic activity: volcanic activity, land tidal forces, or volcanic activity?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Earth's elliptical orbit of the Sun,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in the amount of particulate matter

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: famine, revolutions, and war.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Browning

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Browning

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: increased troubles in human society,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: land tidal forces

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the dust thrown into the atmosphere by those eruptions reflects sunlight,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic cooling.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic activity.

text: In the Oligocene, from twenty-five to thirty-two million years ago, there was another significant restructuring of the global carbon cycle as grasses evolved a new mechanism of photosynthesis, C photosynthesis, and expanded their ranges. This new pathway evolved in response to the drop in atmospheric CO concentrations below 550 ppm. The relative abundance and distribution of biodiversity alters the dynamics between organisms and their environment such that ecosystems can be both cause and effect in relation to climate change. Human-driven modifications to the planet's ecosystems (e.g., disturbance, biodiversity loss, agriculture) contributes to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels. Transformation of the global carbon cycle in the next century is projected to raise planetary temperatures, lead to more extreme fluctuations in weather, alter species distributions, and increase extinction rates. The effect of global warming is already being registered in melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels. Consequently, species distributions are changing along waterfronts and in continental areas where migration patterns and breeding grounds are tracking the prevailing shifts in climate. Large sections of permafrost are also melting to create a new mosaic of flooded areas having increased rates of soil decomposition activity that raises methane (CH) emissions. There is concern over increases in atmospheric methane in the context of the global carbon cycle, because methane is a greenhouse gas that is 23 times more effective at absorbing long-wave radiation than CO on a 100-year time scale. Hence, there is a relationship between global warming, decomposition and respiration in soils and wetlands producing significant climate feedbacks and globally altered biogeochemical cycles.

text: In the

text: Oligocene

text: , from twenty-five to thirty-two million years ago, there was another significant restructuring of the global

text: carbon cycle

text: as grasses evolved a new mechanism of photosynthesis,

text: C photosynthesis

text: , and expanded their ranges. This new pathway evolved in response to the drop in atmospheric CO concentrations below 550 ppm. The relative abundance and distribution of biodiversity alters the dynamics between organisms and their environment such that ecosystems can be both cause and effect in relation to climate change. Human-driven modifications to the planet's ecosystems (e.g., disturbance, biodiversity loss, agriculture) contributes to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels. Transformation of the global carbon cycle in the next century is projected to raise planetary temperatures, lead to more extreme fluctuations in weather, alter species distributions, and increase extinction rates. The effect of global warming is already being registered in melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels. Consequently, species distributions are changing along waterfronts and in continental areas where migration patterns and breeding grounds are tracking the prevailing shifts in climate. Large sections of

text: permafrost

text: are also melting to create a new mosaic of flooded areas having increased rates of soil decomposition activity that raises methane (CH) emissions. There is concern over increases in atmospheric methane in the context of the global carbon cycle, because methane is a

text: greenhouse gas

text: that is 23 times more effective at absorbing long-wave radiation than CO on a 100-year time scale. Hence, there is a relationship between global warming, decomposition and respiration in soils and wetlands producing significant climate feedbacks and globally altered biogeochemical cycles.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human-driven modifications to the planet's ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many times more effective is methane at absorbing long-wave radiation than CO?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, or rising sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Human-driven modifications to the planet's ecosystems contribute to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-driven

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long ago was the Oligocene?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years ago did grasses evolve a new pathway of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the relationship between global warming, decomposition and respiration in soils?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago did grasses evolve a new mechanism of photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a change in climate: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, or rising sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause and effect relationship between ecosystems and climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Oligocene?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: CO, methane, or glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting glaciers

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Oligocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: raise planetary temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: extinction rates.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: twenty-five to thirty-two million years ago,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Oligocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: rising

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Oligocene,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-driven modifications to the planet's ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Large sections of permafrost are also melting

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: migration patterns and breeding grounds

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: raise planetary temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Transformation of the global carbon cycle in the next century

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: alter species distributions, and increase extinction rates.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Oligocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Large sections of permafrost

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Transformation of the global carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: melting glaciers, melting mountain ice caps, and rising sea levels.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 23 times more effective at absorbing long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Oligocene,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Oligocene,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme fluctuations in weather,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: permafrost are also melting

text: One of the dominant manifestations of climate change is sea level rise. NOAA estimates that "since 1992, new methods of satellite altimetry (the measurement of elevation or altitude) indicate a rate of rise of 0.12 inches per year". In addition, NASA  calculates that average sea level rise is 3.41 mm per year and that sea level rise is directly caused by the expansion of water as it warms and the melting of polar ice caps. Both of these changes are dependent on global warming and thus climate change. Sea level rise is especially threatening to low-lying island nations because seas are encroaching upon limited habitable land and threatening existing cultures. As Stefan Rahmstorf, a professor of Ocean Physics at Potsdam University in Germany notes "even limiting warming to 2 degrees, in my view, will still commit some island nations and coastal cities to drowning."  However it is also important to consider recent research which contradicts the claim that rising sea levels will necessarily submerge island nations. Studies done by Paul Kench, a geomorphologist at the University of Auckland, have shown that "reef islands change shape and move around in response to shifting sediments, and that many of them are growing in size, not shrinking, as sea level inches upward". However at the same time Kench states that "for the areas that have been transformed by human development, such as the capitals of Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Maldives, the future is considerably gloomier" because these islands can not adapt to rising sea levels and are therefore greatly threatened.

text: One of the dominant manifestations of climate change is

text: sea level rise

text: NOAA

text: estimates that "since 1992, new methods of satellite altimetry (the measurement of elevation or altitude) indicate a rate of rise of 0.12 inches per year". In addition, NASA  calculates that average sea level rise is 3.41 mm per year and that sea level rise is directly caused by the expansion of water as it warms and the melting of polar ice caps. Both of these changes are dependent on global warming and thus climate change. Sea level rise is especially threatening to low-lying island nations because seas are encroaching upon limited habitable land and threatening existing cultures. As

text: Stefan Rahmstorf

text: , a professor of Ocean Physics at Potsdam University in Germany notes "even limiting warming to 2 degrees, in my view, will still commit some island nations and coastal cities to drowning."  However it is also important to consider recent research which contradicts the claim that rising sea levels will necessarily submerge island nations. Studies done by Paul Kench, a geomorphologist at the University of Auckland, have shown that "reef islands change shape and move around in response to shifting sediments, and that many of them are growing in size, not shrinking, as sea level inches upward". However at the same time Kench states that "for the areas that have been transformed by human development, such as the capitals of Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Maldives, the future is considerably gloomier" because these islands can not adapt to rising sea levels and are therefore greatly threatened.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: rising sea levels will necessarily submerge island nations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 degrees

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a form of climate change: global warming or sea level rise?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: the expansion of water as it warms or the melting of polar ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and sea level rise are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: the expansion of water as it warms or the melting of polar ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many inches per year is the rate of rise of sea level rise?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: sea level rise or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is climate change threatening existing cultures?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not caused by plate tectonics: expansion of water as it warms or the melting of polar ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2 degrees

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: rising sea levels will necessarily submerge island nations.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting of polar ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of polar ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1992,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: cultures.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: polar ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: polar ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: shifting sediments,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1992,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: polar ice caps.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: polar ice caps.

text: The name SevenMeters derived from the realization that the water level will rise 7 meters if the global warming will melt all the ice in Greenland. In order to show what impact the possible climate change can have to the world, the SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights at 7 meters height during UN's climate summit in December 2009 in Copenhagen. The blinking LEDs were placed above the Bella Center where the climate debates were held, and they created a strong symbol of the urgency to act before the climate gets out of hand.

text: The name SevenMeters derived from the realization that the water level will rise 7 meters if the

text: global warming

text: will melt all the ice in

text: Greenland

text: . In order to show what impact the possible

text: climate change

text: can have to the world, the SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights at 7 meters height during UN's climate summit in December 2009 in Copenhagen. The blinking LEDs were placed above the

text: Bella Center

text: where the climate debates were held, and they created a strong symbol of the urgency to act before the climate gets out of hand.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: all the ice in Greenland will melt

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many meters will the water level rise if global warming will melt all the ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the name SevenMeters derive from?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming will melt all the ice in Greenland

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting ice in Greenland

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many meters will the water level rise if the global warming will melt all the ice in Greenland?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the water level will rise 7 meters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The blinking LEDs were placed above the Bella Center

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the water level rise 7 meters?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the water level will rise 7 meters

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 7 meters height during UN's climate summit in December 2009

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: UN's climate summit in December 2009

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The name SevenMeters

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: water level will rise 7 meters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change can have to the world,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: SevenMeters group established 24 kilometers of red blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: red blinking LED-lights

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melt all the ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice in Greenland.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 7 meters if the global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice in Greenland.

text: Lenton et al. investigated tipping elements in the climate system.  These were regional effects of global warming, some of which had abrupt onset and may therefore be regarded as abrupt climate change.  They found that "Our synthesis of present knowledge suggests that a variety of tipping elements could reach their critical point within this century under anthropogenic climate change."

text: Lenton et al. investigated

text: tipping elements in the climate system

text: .  These were

text: regional effects of global warming

text: , some of which had abrupt onset and may therefore be regarded as abrupt climate change.  They found that "Our synthesis of present knowledge suggests that a variety of tipping elements could reach their critical point within this century under anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is not a cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: this century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: could reach their critical point within this century

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a tipping element?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could reach their critical point within this century

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a tipping element?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: tipping elements in the climate system. These were regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tipping elements

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: tipping elements in the climate system. These were regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: a variety of tipping elements could reach their critical point within this century

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a variety of tipping elements could reach their critical point within this century

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: tipping elements

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic climate change."

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: abrupt climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: tipping elements in the climate system. These were regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: regional effects of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abrupt climate change.

text: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor reportedly takes a new approach to assessing the climate vulnerability of the world and its regions, countries and communities. The Monitor looks at pre-existing characteristics of society that are affected by climate change and maps the level of vulnerability and expected impact as implied by the effect that real or projected changes in the climate. The analysis is built around 4 "impact areas", and 5 "levels of vulnerability", focusing on the years 2010 and 2030.

text: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor reportedly takes a new approach to assessing the climate vulnerability of the world and its regions, countries and communities. The Monitor looks at pre-existing characteristics of society that are affected by climate change and maps the level of vulnerability and expected impact as implied by the effect that real or projected changes in the climate. The analysis is built around 4 "impact areas", and 5 "levels of vulnerability", focusing on the years 2010 and 2030.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: focusing on the years 2010 and 2030

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the Monitor look at?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the Monitor look at?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Vulnerability Monitor looks at pre-existing characteristics of society that are affected by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: levels of vulnerability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is implied by the effect that real or projected changes in the climate

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the Monitor looking at?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does the Monitor look at pre-existing characteristics of society affected by climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: projected changes in the climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: pre-existing characteristics of society that are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010 and 2030.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 5 "levels of vulnerability",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: real or projected changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010 and 2030.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2010 and 2030.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Climate Vulnerability Monitor

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2030.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2030.

text: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Cancún, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010. The conference is officially referred to as the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties  to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 6th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties  to the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC — the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) — held their 33rd sessions. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), and they met as well.

text: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in

text: Cancún

text: Mexico

text: , from 29 November to 10 December 2010. The conference is officially referred to as the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties  to the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC) and the 6th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties  to the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: . In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC — the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) — held their 33rd sessions. The

text: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), and they met as well.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Canc n, Mexico

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Canc n, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many days did the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ad Hoc Working Group

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Canc n, Mexico is located in what country?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Canc n

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years did the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Canc n

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Mexico,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Mexico,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Canc<unk>n, Mexico,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Canc<unk>n, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol

text: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature, when they clashed with Constance Lever-Tracy about the role of sociology in climate affairs. Grundmann stated a politicization of climate science which makes science, technology and society (STS) scholars feel uncomfortable with the topic of climate change. Grundmann identifies a problematic approach of climate scientists who believe to have a prerogative to make political suggestions in the field "which society at large should take up because scientists always know best" combined with a basic lack of actual feasible solution proposals. He sees climate change as a long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate, not less and asks social scientists to study the interaction between climate and society, Lever-Tracy was more about letting the climatologists having the lead.

text: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature, when they clashed with Constance Lever-Tracy about the role of sociology in climate affairs. Grundmann stated a politicization of climate science which makes

text: science, technology and society

text: (STS) scholars feel uncomfortable with the topic of climate change. Grundmann identifies a problematic approach of climate scientists who believe to have a prerogative to make political suggestions in the field "which society at large should take up because scientists always know best" combined with a basic lack of actual feasible solution proposals. He sees climate change as a long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate, not less and asks social scientists to study the interaction between climate and society, Lever-Tracy was more about letting the climatologists having the lead.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: scientists always know best

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term for greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate change, social science, or STS?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sociology

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change controversy?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the interaction between climate and society

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a long term issue requiring more public involvement?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: letting the climatologists having the lead.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate and society,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sociology

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: letting the climatologists

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change as a long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: requiring more public involvement and debate,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long term

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a basic lack of actual feasible solution proposals.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Grundmann and Stehr had themselves a controversy in the peer reviewed literature,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change as a long term issue requiring more public involvement and debate,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long term issue

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Constance Lever-Tracy

text: The Pleistocene epoch lasted from 2.6 million years ago until 12,000 years ago. During this period there were a number of glacial and inter-glacial periods. During the glacial periods there were large drops in sea level, so the coast-line was greatly modified.  The final major cold spell occurred from 25,000 to 18,000 years ago and is known as the Last Glacial Maximum when the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet covered much of northern Europe while the Alpine ice sheet occupied significant parts of central-southern Europe. However, there were several less cold periods after this. The epoch ends with the Younger Dryas when there were small ice sheets in Scotland and Scandinavia.

text: The

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch lasted from 2.6 million years ago until 12,000 years ago. During this period there were a number of glacial and inter-glacial periods. During the glacial periods there were large drops in sea level, so the coast-line was greatly modified.  The final major cold spell occurred from 25,000 to 18,000 years ago and is known as the Last Glacial Maximum when the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet covered much of northern Europe while the Alpine ice sheet occupied significant parts of central-southern Europe. However, there were several less cold periods after this. The epoch ends with the

text: Younger Dryas

text: when there were small ice sheets in Scotland and Scandinavia.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There were large drops in sea level, so the coast-line was greatly modified.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Pleistocene epoch last

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene epoch end?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How long ago was the last glacial maximum?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long ago did the last glacial maximum occur?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: drops in sea level

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: when there are large drops in sea level

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago did the Younger Dryas occur?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Last Glacial Maximum last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long did the Pleistocene epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Younger Dryas

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Younger Dryas

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: large drops in sea level

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: inter-glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: small ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 12,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sea level,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the coast-line was greatly modified.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial and inter-glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: large drops in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

text: Her research is in the natural variability of climate and changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing (such as greenhouse warming, climate effects of volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation). Hegerl has also led well-known research on the attribution of modern climate change to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

text: Her research is in the natural variability of climate and changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing (such as greenhouse warming, climate effects of volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation). Hegerl has also led well-known research on the attribution of modern climate change to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of radiative forcing: greenhouse warming, climate effects of volcanic eruptions or changes in solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the effects of volcanic eruptions?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse warming, climate effects of volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emission

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause greenhouse warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the natural variability of climate

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: greenhouse warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural variability of climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Hegerl

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Hegerl

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Hegerl

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hegerl

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse warming,

text: On the other hand, burning these high-carbon fuels will cause the start of high climate change, non-reversible for a thousand years. He reminds us that the average earth temperature difference between the latest ice-age (c.10, 000 BC) and 1950 is around +5 °C. According to the IPCC, the temperature will rise by +3 °C or +4 °C between 1950 and 2100 if the biggest polluting countries do not respect their commitments to the COP 21. The consequences, such as water stress, starvation, mass migrations, and wars, would be catastrophic.

text: On the other hand, burning these high-carbon fuels will cause the start of high climate change, non-reversible for a thousand years. He reminds us that the average earth temperature difference between the latest ice-age (c.10, 000 BC) and 1950 is around +5 °C. According to the IPCC, the temperature will rise by +3 °C or +4 °C between 1950 and 2100 if the biggest polluting countries do not respect their commitments to the COP 21. The consequences, such as water stress, starvation, mass migrations, and wars, would be catastrophic.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: c.10, 000 BC and 1950 is around +5 °C

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: +5 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1950

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the average earth temperature difference between the latest ice-age and 1950?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the main topic of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: will cause the start of high climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: high-carbon fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wars

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the average temperature difference between the latest ice-age and 1950?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: mass migrations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of mass migrations?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause wars

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long would it take for the consequences to be catastrophic?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: c.10, 000 BC

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: mass migrations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: +5 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: non-reversible for a thousand years.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1950

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: high-carbon fuels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: +5 °C. According to the IPCC,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: will cause the start of high climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: burning these high-carbon fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wars,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: water stress, starvation, mass migrations,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: mass migrations,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: water stress, starvation, mass migrations, and wars,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1950 and 2100

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: water stress, starvation,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: (c.10, 000 BC)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: water stress,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: catastrophic.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: +5 °C. According to the IPCC,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: burning these high-carbon fuels will cause the start of high climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice-age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: mass migrations,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: +5 °C.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice-age

text: In 1971 Lamb decided to base his pioneering research at a university, and he became the first Director of the Climatic Research Unit established in 1972 in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia. In 1973 and 1975 he arranged for two international conferences which were hosted in Norwich. He was known as “the ice man” because of his view that global cooling would lead to a future glacial period within 10,000 years with some abrupt cooling phases occurring "within one to two thousand years". However he also acknowledged that global warming could have serious effects within a century. His warnings of damage to agriculture, ice caps melting, and cities being flooded caught widespread attention and helped to shape public opinion. He gained the unit sponsorship from seven major insurance companies, who wanted to make use of the research of the unit when making their own studies of the implications of climate change for insurance against storm and flood damage. He retired from the unit in 1978, and his contributions to the unit were recognised in 1981 when he was granted an honorary Doctorate of Science.

text: In 1971 Lamb decided to base his pioneering research at a university, and he became the first Director of the

text: Climatic Research Unit

text: established in 1972 in the School of Environmental Sciences at the

text: University of East Anglia

text: . In 1973 and 1975 he arranged for two international conferences which were hosted in

text: Norwich

text: . He was known as “the ice man” because of his view that

text: global cooling

text: would lead to a future

text: glacial period

text: within 10,000 years with some abrupt cooling phases occurring "within one to two thousand years". However he also acknowledged that

text: global warming

text: could have serious effects within a century. His warnings of damage to agriculture, ice caps melting, and cities being flooded caught widespread attention and helped to shape public opinion. He gained the unit sponsorship from seven major insurance companies, who wanted to make use of the research of the unit when making their own studies of the implications of climate change for insurance against storm and flood damage. He retired from the unit in 1978, and his contributions to the unit were recognised in 1981 when he was granted an honorary Doctorate of Science.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global cooling would lead to a future glacial period within 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: one to two thousand years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1979

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: global cooling, ice caps melting, or cities being flooded?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Science was he granted his contributions to the unit?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming could have serious effects within a century

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice caps melting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after he became the first Director of the Climatic Research Unit was he granted an honorary Doctorate of Science?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice caps melting

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long did it take for global warming to have serious effects?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, global cooling would lead to a future glacial period within 10,000 years or global warming could have serious effects within a century?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause cities to be flooded?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming could have serious effects within a century

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global cooling would lead to a future glacial period within 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: a century.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1972

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ice caps melting, and cities being flooded

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: insurance against storm and flood damage.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice caps melting,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice caps melting,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "within one to two thousand years".

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming could have serious effects within a century.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: damage to agriculture, ice caps melting, and cities being flooded

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming could have serious effects within a century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: “the ice man”

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming could have serious effects within a century.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: storm and flood damage.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooling phases

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abrupt cooling phases occurring "within one to two thousand years".

text: A paleosubspecies (or palaeosubspecies) identifies an extinct subspecies which evolved into the currently existing form. This connection with relatively recent variations, usually from the Late Pleistocene, often relies on the additional information available in subfossil material. Most of the current species have changed in size adapting to the climatic changes during the last ice age (see Bergmann's Rule).

text: A paleosubspecies (or palaeosubspecies) identifies an extinct

text: subspecies

text: which evolved into the currently existing form. This connection with relatively recent variations, usually from the

text: Late Pleistocene

text: , often relies on the additional information available in

text: subfossil

text: material. Most of the current species have changed in size

text: adapting

text: to the climatic changes during the

text: last ice age

text: (see

text: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: most of the current species have changed in size

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively recent variations

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Bergmann's Rule refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: most of the current species have changed in size adapting to the climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is Bergmann's Rule?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is Bergmann's Rule?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Bergmann's Rule

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively recent variations, usually from the Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Bergmann's Rule).

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: A paleosubspecies

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: A paleosubspecies

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: A paleosubspecies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatic changes during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Bergmann's Rule).

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climatic changes during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Most of the current species have changed in size

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Most of the current species have changed in size

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Most of the current species have changed in size

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: A paleosubspecies

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: A paleosubspecies

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Late Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

text: According to the IPCC's 2014 assessment report, "Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of the 'tragedy of the commons. Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries."

text: According to the

text: IPCC's

text: assessment report

text: , "Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of the '

text: tragedy of the commons

text: . Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See

text: International Cooperation

text: and

text: Emissions Trading

text: ) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: at least in the short term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a case of the 'tragedy of the commons?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a case of the tragedy of the commons?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a case

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Emissions Trading

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Emissions Trading

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a case of the

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: benefits of actions may accrue more directly

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the case of the 'tragedy of the commons

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 'tragedy of the commons

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: adaptation actions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Some adaptation actions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Some adaptation actions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "Mitigation is a public good;

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC's

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Emissions Trading)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: private good

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Some adaptation actions,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: According to the IPCC's

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC's

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Mitigation is a public good;

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Mitigation is a public good;

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Mitigation is a public good;

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: adaptation actions,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 'tragedy of the commons.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Some adaptation actions,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Some adaptation actions,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: adaptation actions,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Some adaptation actions,

text: In 2002, Lean et al. stated that while "There is ... growing empirical evidence for the Sun's role in climate change on multiple time scales including the 11-year cycle", "changes in terrestrial proxies of solar activity (such as the 14C and 10Be cosmogenic isotopes and the aa geomagnetic index) can occur in the absence of long-term (i.e., secular) solar irradiance changes ... because the stochastic response increases with the cycle amplitude, not because there is an actual secular irradiance change." They conclude that because of this, "long-term climate change may appear to track the amplitude of the solar activity cycles," but that "Solar radiative forcing of climate is reduced by a factor of 5 when the background component is omitted from historical reconstructions of total solar irradiance ...This suggests that general circulation model (GCM) simulations of twentieth century warming may overestimate the role of solar irradiance variability." A 2006 review suggested that solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate, with little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time. Lockwood and Fröhlich, 2007, found "considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century", but that "over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures." In a study that considered geomagnetic activity as a measure of known solar-terrestrial interaction, Love et al. found a statistically significant correlation between sunspots and geomagnetic activity, but not between global surface temperature and either sunspot number or geomagnetic activity.

text: In 2002, Lean et al. stated that while "There is ... growing empirical evidence for the Sun's role in

text: climate change

text: on multiple time scales including the 11-year cycle", "changes in terrestrial proxies of solar activity (such as the 14C and 10Be cosmogenic isotopes and the aa geomagnetic index) can occur in the absence of long-term (i.e., secular) solar irradiance changes ... because the stochastic response increases with the cycle amplitude, not because there is an actual secular irradiance change." They conclude that because of this, "long-term climate change may appear to track the amplitude of the solar activity cycles," but that "Solar radiative forcing of climate is reduced by a factor of 5 when the background component is omitted from historical reconstructions of total solar irradiance ...This suggests that

text: general circulation model (GCM)

text: simulations of twentieth century warming may overestimate the role of solar irradiance variability." A 2006 review suggested that solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate, with little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time. Lockwood and Fröhlich, 2007, found "considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century", but that "over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures." In a study that considered geomagnetic activity as a measure of known solar-terrestrial interaction, Love et al. found a statistically significant correlation between sunspots and geomagnetic activity, but not between global surface temperature and either sunspot number or geomagnetic activity.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: over the past 20 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are reduced by a factor of 5

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do Love et al. find a correlation between?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Solar radiative forcing of climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar brightness

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can occur in the absence of long-term

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in terrestrial proxies of solar activity

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the absence of long-term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the difference between solar brightness and solar activity?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-industrial climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global mean temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: actual secular irradiance change."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: ance variability."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20 years,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: rise in global mean temperatures."

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: statistically significant correlation between sunspots and geomagnetic activity,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: rise in global mean temperatures."

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar output

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rise in global mean temperatures."

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: aa geomagnetic index)

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: rise in global mean temperatures."

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: solar output

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: solar output

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sunspots

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: not between global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Lockwood and Fröhlich,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "over the past 20 years,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: solar brightness had relatively little effect on global climate,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: little likelihood of significant shifts in solar output over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-industrial climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: geo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rise

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: solar brightness

text: Superimposed on the long-term evolution between hot and cold climates have been many short-term fluctuations in climate similar to, and sometimes more severe than, the varying glacial and interglacial states of the present ice age. Some of the most severe fluctuations, such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, may be related to rapid climate changes due to sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs in the oceans.

text: Superimposed on the long-term evolution between hot and cold climates have been many short-term fluctuations in climate similar to, and sometimes more severe than, the varying glacial and interglacial states of the present

text: ice age

text: . Some of the most severe fluctuations, such as the

text: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

text: , may be related to rapid climate changes due to sudden collapses of natural

text: methane clathrate

text: reservoirs in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the varying glacial and interglacial states of the present ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Paleocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are natural methane clathrate reservoirs?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: can cause climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: methane clathrate reservoirs in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial and interglacial states

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: may be related to rapid climate changes due to sudden collapses

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of short-term fluctuations?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the present ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: hot

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane clathrate reservoirs in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: hot and cold climates

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: present ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: varying glacial and interglacial states of the present ice age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: present ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sudden collapses of natural methane clathrate reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: hot and cold climates

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial and interglacial states of the present ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: hot and cold climates

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum,

text: This book is an expansion on Lawson’s 2006 lecture to the Centre for Policy Studies, called "The Economics and Politics of Climate Change. An Appeal to Reason"  As explained in the introduction, the aim of the book is to examine each of the dimensions of the global warming issue, including the science, the economics, both from the perspective of long-term forecasting and cost-effectiveness analysis, the politics, and the ethical aspect.The book begins by arguing that "the science of global warming is far from settled." Although Lawson accepts that warming is real, he questions the validity of global climate models. Specifically, he highlights the lack of falsifiability of their predictions and the fact that all models failed to predict that there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007. He also questions if indeed the sole cause of the warming is man-made CO and how great that contribution is. Lawson raises several issues regarding the IPCC process and its findings, including the Hockey stick controversy, and criticizes the Stern Report. After the introduction, the remainder of the book proceeds under the assumption that the IPCC majority view is correct.

text: This book is an expansion on Lawson’s 2006 lecture to the

text: Centre for Policy Studies

text: , called "The Economics and Politics of Climate Change. An Appeal to Reason"  As explained in the introduction, the aim of the book is to examine each of the dimensions of the global warming issue, including the science, the economics, both from the perspective of long-term forecasting and cost-effectiveness analysis, the politics, and the ethical aspect.The book begins by arguing that "the science of global warming is far from settled." Although Lawson accepts that warming is real, he questions the validity of

text: global climate model

text: s. Specifically, he highlights the lack of

text: falsifiability

text: of their predictions and the fact that all models failed to predict that there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007. He also questions if indeed the sole cause of the warming is man-made CO and how great that contribution is. Lawson raises several issues regarding the IPCC process and its findings, including the

text: Hockey stick controversy

text: , and criticizes the

text: Stern Report

text: . After the introduction, the remainder of the book proceeds under the assumption that the IPCC majority view is correct.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: no further warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Lawson raises several issues regarding the IPCC process and its findings

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: man-made CO, global warming, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the sole cause of the warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the Hockey stick controversy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Lawson raises several issues regarding the IPCC process and its findings

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: between 2001 and 2007

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Lawson question about global climate models?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did all models fail to predict?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Lawson accepts that warming is real

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Lawson question about global climate models?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Lawson accepts that warming is real

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Lawson accepts that warming is real

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: man-made CO and how great that contribution is

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming is real, he questions the validity of global climate models

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: between 2001 and 2007

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: between 2001 and 2007

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Hockey stick controversy,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: models failed to predict that there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "The Economics and Politics of Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hockey stick controversy, and criticizes the Stern Report.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: man-made CO

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: there has been no further warming between 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Hockey stick controversy,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming between 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2001 and 2007.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Hockey stick

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: there has been no further warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Hockey stick

text: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change in a move widely criticised by Greenpeace which expressed concern the new government failed to see the threat from climate change, Friends of the Earth which said climate change is happening now while the new government lowers its priority, also by other more impartial people and groups. Climate change is included in the scope of a new Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.

text: May abolished the

text: Department for Energy and Climate Change

text: in a move widely criticised by

text: Greenpeace

text: which expressed concern the new government failed to see the threat from climate change,

text: Friends of the Earth

text: which said climate change is happening now while the new government lowers its priority, also by other more impartial people and groups. Climate change is included in the scope of a new

entity_name: Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

text: Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the new government failed to see the threat from climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are not included in the scope of a new Department for Business

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenpeace

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Industrial Strategy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent climate change event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the Department for Energy and Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is happening now while the new government lowers its priority,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change is happening now

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: May abolished the Department for Energy and Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change,

text: The last glacial period, commonly referred to as the 'Ice Age', spanned 125,000 YBP to 14,500 YBP and was the most recent glacial period within the current ice age which occurred during the last years of the Pleistocene era. The Ice Age reached its peak during the Last Glacial Maximum, when ice sheets commenced advancing from 33,000 YBP and reached their maximum positions 26,500 YBP. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 YBP and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years YBP, which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 YBP. A vast, cold and dry Mammoth steppe stretched from Spain across Eurasia and over the Bering land bridge into Alaska and the Yukon where it was stopped by the Wisconsin glaciation. This land bridge existed because more of the planet's water was locked up in glaciation than now and therefore the sea-levels were lower. When the sea levels began to rise this bridge was inundated around 11,000 YBP. The fossil evidence from many continents points to the extinction mainly of large animals, termed Pleistocene megafauna, near the end of the last glaciation. Beringia was a refuge for animals and plants because it received more moisture than the rest of the Mammoth steppe.

text: The

text: last glacial period

text: , commonly referred to as the 'Ice Age', spanned 125,000 YBP to 14,500 YBP and was the most recent

text: glacial period

text: within the

text: current ice age

text: which occurred during the last years of the

text: Pleistocene

text: era. The Ice Age reached its peak during the

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: , when

text: ice sheet

text: s commenced advancing from 33,000 YBP and reached their maximum positions 26,500 YBP. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000 YBP and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 years YBP, which is consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 YBP. A vast, cold and dry

text: Mammoth steppe

text: stretched from Spain across Eurasia and over the

text: Bering land bridge

text: into Alaska and the Yukon where it was stopped by the

text: Wisconsin glaciation

text: . This land bridge existed because more of the planet's water was locked up in glaciation than now and therefore the sea-levels were lower. When the sea levels began to rise this bridge was inundated around 11,000 YBP. The fossil evidence from many continents points to the

text: extinction

text: mainly of large animals, termed

text: Pleistocene megafauna

text: , near the end of the last glaciation. Beringia was a refuge for animals and plants because it received more moisture than the rest of the Mammoth steppe.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last glacial period spanned 125,000 YBP to 14,500 YBP

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 11,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did the last glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years did the last glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Deglaciation commenced

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the last glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the last glacial period?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the glacial period?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the last glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Where did the Mammoth steppe stretch from?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How many years did the Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What was the primary source for an abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 YBP

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years did the last glacial period last?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 33,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'Ice Age',

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 14,500 YBP.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 14,500 years YBP,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: extinction mainly of large animals,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 'Ice Age',

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: abrupt rise in the sea level

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 19,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 19,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinction mainly of large animals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: current ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 125,000 YBP to 14,500 YBP

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Alaska and the Yukon

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 'Ice Age',

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 19,000 YBP

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: abrupt rise in the sea level 14,500 YBP.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 'Ice Age',

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Deglaciation

text: The perceived slow process of efforts for countries to agree to a comprehensive global level binding agreements has led some countries to seek independent/voluntary steps and focus on alternative high-value voluntary activities like the creation of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants by the United States, Canada, Mexico, Bangladesh, and Sweden which seeks to regulate short-lived pollutants such as methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which together are believed to account for up to 1/3 of current global warming but whose regulation is not as fraught with wide economic impacts and opposition.  The Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) was launched on February 16, 2012 to regulate short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) that together contribute up to 1/3 of global warming. The coalition's creation is seen as a necessary and pragmatic step given the slow pace of global climate change agreements under the UNFCCC.[1]

text: The perceived slow process of efforts for countries to agree to a comprehensive global level binding agreements has led some countries to seek independent/voluntary steps and focus on alternative high-value voluntary activities like the creation of the

entity_name: Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

text: Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

text: by the

text: United States

text: Canada

text: Mexico

text: Bangladesh

text: , and

text: Sweden

text: which seeks to regulate short-lived pollutants such as methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which together are believed to account for up to 1/3 of current global warming but whose regulation is not as fraught with wide economic impacts and opposition.  The

text: Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

text: (CCAC) was launched on February 16, 2012 to regulate short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) that together contribute up to 1/3 of global warming. The coalition's creation is seen as a necessary and pragmatic step given the slow pace of global climate change agreements under the UNFCCC.[1]

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: HFCs which together are believed to account for up to 1/3 of current global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1/3

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: contribute up to 1/3 of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "CCAC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: short-lived climate pollutants

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: short-lived pollutants

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: HFCs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change coalition?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-lived pollutants such as methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: up to 1/3

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: short-lived climate pollutants

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: HFCs

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: whose regulation is not as fraught with wide economic impacts and opposition.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1/3

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: February 16, 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a comprehensive global level binding agreements

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: short-lived pollutants

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic impacts

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: February 16, 2012

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: February 16, 2012

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-lived pollutants

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global level binding agreements

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: short-lived climate pollutants

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short-lived pollutants

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: a comprehensive global level binding agreements

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: February 16, 2012

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Canada, Mexico, Bangladesh, and Sweden

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 1/3 of current global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: short-lived pollutants

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: short-lived climate pollutants

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: a comprehensive global level binding agreements

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 1/3 of current global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: short-lived pollutants

text: The gravitational force between the Sun and moon induces the precession in Earth's orbit, which is the major cause of the climate oscillation of Earth that has a period of 19,000 to 23,000 years. It follows that changes in Earth's orbital parameters (e.g., orbital inclination, the angle between Earth's rotation axis and its plane of orbit) is important to the study of Earth's climate, in particular to the study of past ice ages. (See also nodal precession. For precession of the lunar orbit see lunar precession).

text: The gravitational force between the Sun and moon induces the precession in Earth's orbit, which is the major cause of the climate oscillation of Earth that has a period of 19,000 to 23,000 years. It follows that changes in Earth's orbital parameters (e.g., orbital inclination, the angle between Earth's rotation axis and its plane of orbit) is important to the study of Earth's climate, in particular to the study of past ice ages. (See also

text: nodal precession

text: . For precession of the lunar orbit see

text: lunar precession

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters are not important to the study of Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 23,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 23,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are important to the study of Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the gravitational force between the sun and moon

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causes the precession in Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: past ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How long does La Nia last?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is important to the study of Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why is global warming important to the study of Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is it important to the study of Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: past ice ages

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate oscillation?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: nodal precession

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate oscillation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate oscillation of Earth

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: precession in Earth's orbit,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate oscillation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate oscillation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 19,000 to 23,000

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: changes in Earth's orbital parameters

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The gravitational force

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 19,000 to 23,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages.

text: The Economist supports government action on global warming, declaring its view in a December editorial before the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference that the risk of catastrophic climate change and its effect on the economy outweighs the economic consequences of insuring against global warming now. It also stated its preference of setting a carbon price through tax, rather than through a cap-and-trade system as a means of cutting emissions, and was generally scathing of government subsidies.

text: The Economist supports government action on

text: global warming

text: , declaring its view in a December editorial before the

text: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: that the risk of catastrophic climate change and its effect on the economy outweighs the economic consequences of insuring against global warming now. It also stated its preference of setting a carbon price

text: through tax

text: , rather than through a

text: cap-and-trade

text: system as a means of cutting emissions, and was generally scathing of government subsidies.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a cap-and-trade system

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does The Economist support government action on?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the Economist support?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: government subsidies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the risk of catastrophic climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the risk of catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: insuring against global warming now.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: emissions,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: government subsidies.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the risk of catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Economist supports government action on global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the risk of catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: In the 1970s, a series of scientific conferences concluded that the world's climate is cooling. Books such as The Cooling, The Weather Conspiracy, The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice, Climates Of Hunger, Ice Ages and Climate: Present, Past & Future, warned of a coming ice age within decades. In 1975, Newsweek ran an article entitled "The Cooling World" that foretold the decimation of agricultural productivity based on a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature. and the New York Times published the article "Scientists ask why world is changing; Major cooling may be ahead". In parallel, books such as A Blueprint for Survival, The Limits To Growth, and The Population Bomb, warned of multiple social, economic, ecological and population crises. At the same time, Hamaker continued to generate articles and bulletins as well as campaign, on what was by now his main pre-occupation, the remineralization of the world’s soils.

text: In the 1970s, a series of scientific conferences concluded that the world's climate is

text: cooling

text: . Books such as The Cooling, The Weather Conspiracy, The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice, Climates Of Hunger, Ice Ages and Climate: Present, Past & Future, warned of a coming ice age within decades. In 1975, Newsweek ran an article entitled "The Cooling World" that foretold the

text: decimation

text: of agricultural productivity based on a dramatic decrease in the Earth's

text: temperature

text: . and the New York Times published the article "Scientists ask why world is changing; Major cooling may be ahead". In parallel, books such as

text: A Blueprint for Survival

text: The Limits To Growth

text: , and

text: The Population Bomb

text: , warned of multiple

text: social

text: economic

text: ecological

text: and

text: population

text: crises

text: . At the same time, Hamaker continued to generate articles and bulletins as well as campaign, on what was by now his main pre-occupation, the remineralization of the world’s

text: soils

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a coming ice age within decades

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1975

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after Newsweek ran an article entitled "The Cooling World" that foretold the decimation of agricultural productivity based on a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What was the name of the book that warned of a coming ice age?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What was Hamaker's main preoccupation?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: decimation of agricultural productivity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the book that foretold the decimation of agricultural productivity based on a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: decimation of agricultural productivity

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a book: The Limits To Growth, A Blueprint for Survival, or The Population Bomb?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does the climate affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a dramatic decrease

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: In the 1970s,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: remineralization of the world’s soils.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: remineralization of the world’s soils.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the world's climate is cooling.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: agricultural productivity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Weather Conspiracy,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: In the 1970s,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: a dramatic decrease

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Weather Machine & The Threat Of Ice,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a dramatic decrease in the Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice,

text: Tyson moves on to explain the asteroid impact that initiated the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, leaving small mammals as the dominate species on earth. Tyson proceeds to describe more recent geologic events such as the formation of the Mediterranean Sea due to the breaking of the natural dam at the Strait of Gibraltar, and how the geologic formation of the Isthmus of Panama broke the free flow of the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific, causing large-scale climate change such as turning the bulk of Africa from lush grasslands into arid plains and further influencing tree-climbing mammals' evolution towards walking long distances on two legs and using tools. Tyson further explains how the influence of other planets in the Solar System have small effects on the Earth's spin and tilt, creating the various ice ages, and how these changes influenced early human's nomadic behavior. Tyson explains that the climate then stabilized to become the current interglacial period, and finally that this stable period risks to be prematurely ended by the human activity of burning fossil fuels, which will threaten our environment and our ability to feed ourselves. Tyson concludes the episode by noting how Earth's landmasses are expected to change in the future, and postulates what may be the next great extinction event, and that there is a chance that our story will end with it.

text: Tyson moves on to explain the asteroid impact that initiated the

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

text: , leaving small mammals as the dominate species on earth. Tyson proceeds to describe more recent geologic events such as the formation of the

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: due to the breaking of the natural dam at the

text: Strait of Gibraltar

text: , and how the geologic formation of the

text: Isthmus of Panama

text: broke the free flow of the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific, causing large-scale climate change such as turning the bulk of Africa from lush grasslands into arid plains and further influencing tree-climbing mammals' evolution towards walking long distances on two legs and using tools. Tyson further explains how the influence of other planets in the Solar System have small effects on the Earth's spin and tilt, creating the various

text: ice age

text: s, and how these changes influenced early human's nomadic behavior. Tyson explains that the climate then stabilized to become the current interglacial period, and finally that this stable period risks to be prematurely ended by the human activity of burning fossil fuels, which will threaten our environment and our ability to feed ourselves. Tyson concludes the episode by noting how Earth's landmasses are expected to change in the future, and postulates what may be the next great extinction event, and that there is a chance that our story will end with it.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Isthmus of Panama broke the free flow of the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: interglacial period

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What will threaten our ability to feed ourselves?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sunspots that Tyson describes?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What will threaten our environment and our ability to feed ourselves

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: arid plains

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the formation of the Mediterranean Sea due to the breaking of the natural dam?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: turning the bulk of Africa from lush grasslands into arid plains

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: When does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does Tyson explain the influence of other planets in the Solar System have small effects on the Earth's spin and tilt?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What did the Isthmus of Panama cause?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to Earth's landmasses?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What is the name of the asteroid impact?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the Isthmus of Panama cause large-scale climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What did the influence of other planets in the Solar System create?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: What is the difference between the Medieval warm period and the present interglacial period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would increase Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: How do greenhouse gases affect Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Tyson proceeds to describe more recent geologic events

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: What is the difference from average temperature?

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: interglacial period,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: asteroid

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: threaten our environment and our ability to feed ourselves.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the geologic formation of the Isthmus of Panama

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: walking long distances on two legs and using tools.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: various ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: interglacial period,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: interglacial period,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: postulates what may be the next great extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: burning fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: current interglacial period,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific, causing large-scale climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: arid plains

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages,

text: The majority of people in the public express a greater concern for problems which appear to possess an immediate effect on everyday life such as hazardous waste or pesticide-use than for long-term problems that may affect future generations such as climate change or population growth. People greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems because they usually do not directly experience the effects of phenomena such as climate change. The exposure most people have to climate change has been impersonal; most people only have virtual experience though documentaries and news media in what may seem like a “remote” area of the world.<ref>Swim, Janet, Susan Clayton, Thomas Doherty, Robert Gifford, George Howard, Joseph Reser, Paul Stern, and Elke Weber. Psychology & Global Climate Change. Publication. American Psychological Association, 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2010.

text: The majority of people in the public express a greater concern for problems which appear to possess an immediate effect on everyday life such as hazardous waste or pesticide-use than for long-term problems that may affect future generations such as climate change or population growth. People greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems because they usually do not directly experience the effects of phenomena such as climate change. The exposure most people have to climate change has been impersonal; most people only have virtual experience though documentaries and news media in what may seem like a “remote” area of the world.<ref>Swim, Janet, Susan Clayton, Thomas Doherty, Robert Gifford, George Howard, Joseph Reser, Paul Stern, and Elke Weber. Psychology & Global Climate Change. Publication. American Psychological Association, 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2010.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: people greatly rely on the scientific community to assess the threat of environmental problems

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the primary cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Long-term problems that may affect future generations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: population growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term problem that may affect future generations?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term problems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: immediate effect on everyday life

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: pesticide-use

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: population growth.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change or population growth.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term problems that may affect future generations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: hazardous waste or pesticide-use

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Psychology & Global Climate Change.

text: The traditional model of command and control typically involved areas of environmental concern being dealt with by national governments. In recent decades, transboundary environmental problems have risen in prominence. This shift has exposed many of the limitations of a command and control approach when it is applied to a larger and more complex arena. Climate change is often used to exemplify the perceived failings of this regulatory approach. Climate change is good example of a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand.  This may go someway in explaining the apparent incompatibility of climate change and a CAC approach. Mitigating climate change requires action of a much more proactive nature than traditional CAC models are able to deliver.One reason for the lack of compatibility with many international environmental agreements is the manner in which the international community is organised. International law cannot be implemented in the same way as law at national level. Given that the a CAC approach relies heavily on prohibiting certain activities and then enforcing it through sanctions makes the scaling-up to international level problematic. Without a strong international enforcement body it is unlikely that CAC will be an effective tool for dealing with most transboundary environmental issues, climate change included.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: traditional CAC models are able to deliver

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a good example of a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CAC

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a good example of a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a good example of a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the lack of compatibility with many international environmental agreements?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a concern that is complex, full of uncertainties and difficult for many people to understand?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the lack of compatibility with many international environmental agreements?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the lack of compatibility with many international environmental agreements?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What is the most likely reason for the lack of compatibility?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Mitigating climate change requires action of a much more proactive nature

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What is a good example of a concern that is complex?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a CAC approach

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: iceberg

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: national governments.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CAC approach relies heavily on prohibiting certain activities

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Without a strong international enforcement body

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: strong international enforcement body

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: strong international enforcement body

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Without a strong international enforcement body

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate change

text: In environmental studies, the PD is evident in crises such as global climate-change. It is argued all countries will benefit from a stable climate, but any single country is often hesitant to curb  emissions. The immediate benefit to an individual country to maintain current behavior is perceived to be greater than the purported eventual benefit to all countries if behavior was changed, therefore explaining the impasse concerning climate-change in 2007.

text: In

text: environmental studies

text: , the PD is evident in crises such as global

text: climate-change

text: . It is argued all countries will benefit from a stable climate, but any single country is often hesitant to curb

text: emissions. The immediate benefit to an individual country to maintain current behavior is perceived to be greater than the purported eventual benefit to all countries if behavior was changed, therefore explaining the impasse concerning climate-change in 2007.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: all countries will benefit from a stable climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are higher than the purported eventual benefit to all countries

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the PD stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: stable climate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in 2007

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is argued all countries will benefit from a stable climate, but any single country is often hesitant to curb emissions

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the immediate benefit to an individual country to maintain current behavior perceived to be greater than the purported eventual benefit to all countries if behavior was changed?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is argued all countries will benefit from a stable climate

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the immediate benefit to an individual country?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the PD is evident in crises such as global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the immediate benefit to an individual country to maintain current behavior?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a stable climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate-change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: all countries will benefit from a stable climate,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: all countries will benefit from a stable climate,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: stable climate,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: all countries will benefit from a stable climate,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate-change in 2007.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate-change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global climate-change.

text: Global warming is a natural phenomenon that causes the Earth to naturally warm to regulate temperatures and ensure plant and human life can be sustained. However it has been found that humans have exemplified this process of heating by the depletion of the ozone layer and the release of Greenhouse Gases through industry, cars and many other methods, causing the earth to heat up to unnatural temperatures. This is causing externalities on the environment, such as melting icecaps, shifting biomes and extinction of many aquatic species, through ocean acidification and changing temperatures.

text: Global warming is a natural phenomenon that causes the Earth to naturally warm to regulate temperatures and ensure plant and human life can be sustained. However it has been found that humans have exemplified this process of heating by the depletion of the ozone layer and the release of

text: Greenhouse Gases

text: through industry, cars and many other methods, causing the earth to heat up to unnatural temperatures. This is causing externalities on the environment, such as melting icecaps, shifting

text: biome

text: s and extinction of many

text: aquatic

text: species, through

text: ocean acidification

text: and changing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting icecaps

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of Greenhouse Gases: industry, cars, or ocean acidification?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes the Earth to naturally heat up to unnatural temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of many aquatic species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause extinction of many aquatic species

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting icecaps

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of externalities on the environment, such as melting icecaps?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon that causes the Earth to naturally warm to regulate temperatures and ensure plant and human life can be sustained?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause the Earth to naturally warm

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: icecaps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unnatural temperatures

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a natural phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unnatural temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of many aquatic species,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: extinction of many aquatic species, through ocean acidification and changing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ozone layer and the release of Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: shifting biomes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: causing the earth to heat up to unnatural temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: causing the earth to heat up to unnatural temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinction of many aquatic species,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unnatural temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: icecaps,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unnatural temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting icecaps,

text: Investigating the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change in the deep sea is a theme that runs through all HERMIONE research.  To the biological communities on open slopes and in deep basins, seafloor warming through climate change is a major threat.  Up to 85% of methane reservoirs along the continental margin could be destabilised, which would not only release climate-warming methane gas into the atmosphere, but would also have unknown and potentially devastating consequences on benthic communities.  The role of climatic variation on deep-sea benthos is not well understood, although large-scale changes in the structure of seafloor communities have been observed over the last two decades.  The use of long-term, deep-sea observatories, e.g., the Hausgarten deep-sea observatory in the Arctic and the time-series analysis of the Catalan margin and Southern Adriatic Sea, will help HERMIONE scientists to examine recent changes in benthic communities, and to study decadal variability in physical processes, such as the dense shelf water cascading events in submarine canyons.

text: Investigating the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change in the deep sea is a theme that runs through all HERMIONE research.  To the biological communities on open slopes and in deep basins, seafloor warming through climate change is a major threat.  Up to 85% of methane reservoirs along the continental margin could be destabilised, which would not only release climate-warming methane gas into the atmosphere, but would also have unknown and potentially devastating consequences on benthic communities.  The role of climatic variation on deep-sea benthos is not well understood, although large-scale changes in the structure of seafloor communities have been observed over the last two decades.  The use of long-term, deep-sea observatories, e.g., the Hausgarten deep-sea observatory in the Arctic and the time-series analysis of the Catalan margin and Southern Adriatic Sea, will help HERMIONE scientists to examine recent changes in benthic communities, and to study decadal variability in physical processes, such as the dense shelf water cascading events in submarine canyons.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 85% of methane reservoirs along the continental margin could be destabilised

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: decadal variability

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a major threat to the biological communities on open slopes and in deep basins?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a physical process: dense shelf water cascading events in submarine canyons, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: releasing climate-warming methane gas into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: benthic communities

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of climate change is a major threat to benthic communities?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in submarine canyons

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the role of climatic variation on deep-sea benthos?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the role of climatic variation on deep-sea benthos

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What is the role of climatic variation on deep-sea benthos

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is a major threat to the biological communities on open slopes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hausgarten deep-sea observatory in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate-warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: methane gas, greenhouse gases, or methane?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate-warming methane gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: decadal variability

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: decadal

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: dense shelf water cascading events

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seafloor warming through climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 85% of methane reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 85%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: anthropogenic activities

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane gas

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: dense shelf water cascading events in submarine canyons.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 85% of methane reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: seafloor warming through climate change is a major threat.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: dense shelf water cascading events

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate-warming methane gas

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Up to 85% of methane reservoirs along the continental margin

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 85% of methane reservoirs

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large-scale changes in the structure of seafloor communities

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hausgarten deep-sea observatory in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: two decades.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate-warming methane gas

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: seafloor warming through climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate-warming methane gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: dense shelf water cascading

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seafloor warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: seafloor warming

text: For most of the 20th century only a few regions had been studied and the names were relatively few. Today the geologists of different nations are taking more of an interest in Pleistocene glaciology. As a consequence, the number of names is expanding rapidly and will continue to expand. Many of the advances and stadials remain unnamed. Also, the terrestrial evidence for some of them has been erased or obscured by larger ones, but evidence remains from the study of cyclical climate changes.

text: For most of the 20th century only a few regions had been studied and the names were relatively few. Today the geologists of different nations are taking more of an interest in Pleistocene glaciology. As a consequence, the number of names is expanding rapidly and will continue to expand. Many of the advances and stadials remain unnamed. Also, the terrestrial evidence for some of them has been erased or obscured by larger ones, but evidence remains from the study of cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The number of names is expanding rapidly and will continue to expand

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unnamed

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of glaciology?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of glaciology: Pleistocene glaciology or cyclical climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the most common cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciology

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: has been erased or obscured

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cyclical climate changes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cyclical climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cyclical climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: cyclical climate changes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: stadials

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: stadials

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciology

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: stadials

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciology.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cyclical climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cyclical climate changes.

text: The Oeschger Centre (OCCR) conducts research on the one hand into the long-term development and dynamics of the climate system and the climate of the present and the future. On the other hand, it investigates the impact of climate change on important land ecosystems as well as on the economy and society. In particular it works on strategies to adapt to the changing climate and to slow down climate change. At the centre of the OCCR's research is the climate system and its interaction with society and the economy.

text: The Oeschger Centre (OCCR) conducts research on the one hand into the long-term development and dynamics of the climate system and the climate of the present and the future. On the other hand, it investigates the impact of climate change on important land ecosystems as well as on the economy and society. In particular it works on strategies to adapt to the changing climate and to slow down climate change. At the centre of the OCCR's research is the climate system and its interaction with society and the economy.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The OCCR works on strategies to adapt to the changing climate and to slow down climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a land ecosystem: ecosystems, economy, or society?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the OCCR study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What does the OCCR study?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economy and society

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of event does the Oeschger Centre investigate?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land ecosystems as well as on the economy and society

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a land ecosystem: ecosystems, economy or society?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the economy and society?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a land ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change on important land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the climate system and its interaction with society and the economy.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: important land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: strategies to adapt to the changing climate and to slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change on important land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: land ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Oeschger Centre

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate of the present and the future.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate of the present and the future.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: slow down climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term development and dynamics of the climate system

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate of the present and the future.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: slow down climate change.

text: In the past two decades a paradox has arisen between rising awareness about the causes and consequences of climate change and an increasing concern that the issues that surround it represent an intractable problem.Initially, climate change was approached as a global issue, and climate governance sought to address it on the international stage. This took the form of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), beginning with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in 1992. With the exception of the Kyoto Protocol, international agreements between nations have been largely ineffective in achieving legally binding emissions cuts and with the end of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period in 2012, starting from 2013 there is no legally binding Global climate regime. This inertia on the international political stage contributed to alternative political narratives that called for more flexible, cost effective and participatory approaches to addressing the multifarious problems of climate change. These narratives relate to the increasing diversity of methods that are being developed and deployed across the field of climate governance.

text: In the past two decades a paradox has arisen between rising awareness about the causes and consequences of

text: climate change

text: and an increasing concern that the issues that surround it represent an intractable problem.Initially, climate change was approached as a global issue, and climate governance sought to address it on the international stage. This took the form of

text: Multilateral Environmental Agreement

text: s (MEAs), beginning with the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCC) in 1992. With the exception of the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: international agreements

text: between nations have been largely ineffective in achieving legally binding emissions cuts and with the end of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period in 2012, starting from 2013 there is no legally binding

text: Global climate regime

text: . This inertia on the international political stage contributed to alternative political narratives that called for more flexible, cost effective and participatory approaches to addressing the multifarious problems of climate change. These narratives relate to the increasing diversity of methods that are being developed and deployed across the field of climate governance.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: legally binding Global climate regime

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: With the exception of the Kyoto Protocol, international agreements between nations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) was established did the El Nio event occur?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: In what year did the UNFCC convene?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no legally binding Global climate regime

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: With the exception of the Kyoto Protocol, international agreements between nations have been largely ineffective

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global issue,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Multilateral Environmental Agreements

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change was approached as a global issue,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Multilateral Environmental Agreements

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Multilateral Environmental Agreements

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Multilateral Environmental Agreements

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

text: The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation or the current ice age, is a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present.  During this period, ice sheets expanded, notably from out of Antarctica and Greenland, and fluctuating ice sheets occurred elsewhere (for example, the Laurentide ice sheet). The major effects of the ice age are erosion and deposition of material over large parts of the continents, modification of river systems, creation of millions of lakes, changes in sea level, development of pluvial lakes far from the ice margins, isostatic adjustment of the crust, and abnormal winds. It affected oceans, flooding, and biological communities. The ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo, affect a major feedback on climate cooling.

text: The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation or the current ice age, is a series of glacial events separated by

text: interglacial

text: events during the

text: Quaternary

text: period from 2.58

text: Ma

text: (million years ago) to present.  During this period,

text: ice sheet

text: s expanded, notably from out of

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: Greenland

text: , and fluctuating ice sheets occurred elsewhere (for example, the

text: Laurentide ice sheet

text: ). The major effects of the ice age are

text: erosion

text: and

text: deposition

text: of material over large parts of the continents, modification of

text: river systems

text: , creation of millions of

text: lake

text: s, changes in

text: sea level

text: , development of

text: pluvial lake

text: s far from the ice margins,

text: isostatic adjustment

text: of the

text: crust

text: , and abnormal winds. It affected oceans,

text: flood

text: ing, and biological communities. The ice sheets themselves, by raising the

text: albedo

text: , affect a major feedback on

text: climate

text: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo, affect a major feedback on climate cooling.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.58 Ma

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago was the Quaternary glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of the ice age: erosion and deposition of material over large parts of the continents, modification of river systems, creation of millions of lakes, changes in sea level, development of pluvial lakes far from the ice margins, or abnormal winds?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate cooling, is a major feedback on climate cooling

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect oceans, flooding, and biological communities

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: abnormal winds

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years ago was the Quaternary glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Quaternary glaciation last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a continent: Antarctica, Greenland or Antarctica?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the Quaternary glaciation affect biological communities?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate cooling.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: present.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.58 Ma

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: abnormal winds.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate cooling.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate cooling.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: winds.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: flooding,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: abnormal winds.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate cooling.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: abnormal winds.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene glaciation or the current ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological communities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Antarctica and Greenland,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in sea level,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: abnormal winds.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Quaternary glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: albedo,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Quaternary glaciation,

text: Climate change is a natural event that has occurred throughout history. However, with the recent increased emission of CO in the Earth's atmosphere, abrupt climate change has occurred. It has been hypothesized that anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing has significantly influenced global climate since about 8000 before present (Van Hoof 2006).

text: Climate change

text: is a natural event that has occurred throughout history. However, with the recent increased emission of

text: CO

text: in the Earth's atmosphere,

text: abrupt climate change

text: has occurred. It has been hypothesized that

text: anthropogenic

text: greenhouse gas

text: forcing has significantly influenced global climate since about 8000

text: before present

text: (Van Hoof 2006).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing has significantly influenced global climate since about 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years before present did Van Hoof hypothesize that greenhouse gas forcing has significantly influenced global climate?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a natural event that has occurred throughout history?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a natural event that has occurred throughout history

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It has been hypothesized that anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural event?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: about 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a natural event that has occurred throughout history?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 8000 before present

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a natural event that has occurred throughout history.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased emission of CO in the Earth's atmosphere, abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change is a natural event

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: recent increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: recent increased emission of CO

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 8000

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abrupt climate change

text: In a 2008 NASA article on usage, Erik M. Conway defined Global warming as "the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases", while Climate change was "a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth."  As effects such as changing patterns of rainfall and rising sea levels would probably have more impact than temperatures alone, he considered global climate change a more scientifically accurate term, and like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the NASA website would emphasize this wider context.

text: In a 2008 NASA article on usage,

text: Erik M. Conway

text: defined Global warming as "the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases", while Climate change was "a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth."  As effects such as changing patterns of rainfall and rising sea levels would probably have more impact than temperatures alone, he considered global climate change a more scientifically accurate term, and like the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: , the NASA website would emphasize this wider context.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What causes global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rising levels of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changing patterns of rainfall

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a change in the Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changing patterns of rainfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term change in the Earth’s climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term change in the Earth’s climate?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will Global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth’s average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: rising levels of greenhouse gases",

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rising levels of greenhouse gases",

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: temperatures

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rainfall and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changing patterns of rainfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changing patterns of rainfall and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changing patterns of rainfall and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: rising levels of greenhouse gases",

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: a 2008 NASA article on usage, Erik M. Conway defined Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a 2008 NASA article on usage, Erik M. Conway defined Global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rising levels of greenhouse gases",

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: rainfall

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: A 2007–2008 Gallup Poll surveyed individuals in 128 countries. This poll queried whether the respondent knew of global warming and, for those who were aware of the issue, whether or not they thought it was human-induced. Over a third of the world's population were unaware of global warming, with developing countries less aware than developed, and Africa the least aware. Of those aware, residents of Latin America and developed countries in Asia led the belief that climate change is a result of human activities while Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the former Soviet Union led in the opposite. Opinion within the United Kingdom was divided.  Opinions in the United States vary intensely enough to be considered a culture war. A Gallup poll in 2014 concluded that 51 percent of Americans were a little or not at all worried about climate change, 24 percent a great deal and 25 percent a fair amount.

text: A 2007–2008

text: Gallup Poll

text: surveyed individuals in 128 countries. This poll queried whether the respondent knew of global warming and, for those who were aware of the issue, whether or not they thought it was

text: human-induced

text: . Over a third of the world's population were unaware of global warming, with developing countries less aware than

text: developed

text: , and Africa the least aware. Of those aware, residents of

text: Latin America

text: and developed countries in Asia led the belief that climate change is a result of human activities while Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the

text: former Soviet Union

text: led in the opposite. Opinion within the United Kingdom was divided.  Opinions in the United States vary intensely enough to be considered a

text: culture war

text: . A Gallup poll in 2014 concluded that 51 percent of Americans were a little or not at all worried about climate change, 24 percent a great deal and 25 percent a fair amount.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: African, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the former Soviet Union led in the opposite

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of Americans were a little or not at all worried about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: human activities, global warming, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and climate change are all examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Opinion within the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Gallup poll last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many percent of Americans were a little or not at all worried about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of human activities?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a result of human activities?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: over the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: over a third of the world's population

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: over a third

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007–2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Latin America

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007–2008

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-induced.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Over a third of the world's population were unaware of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Over a third of the world's population were unaware of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Latin America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a little or not at all worried about climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change is a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Over a third of the world's population were unaware of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human-induced.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2007–2008

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: After the publicity the MBH99 study had been given by the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), the hockey stick controversy developed in which the graph was targeted by those opposing ratification of the Kyoto Protocol on global warming, including Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas. Both were astrophysicists at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics:  Soon had for a long time said that climate change was primarily due to solar variation, while Baliunas had previously been noted for disputing that man-made chemicals (halocarbon refrigerants such as CFCs) were causing ozone depletion. They prepared a literature review which used data from previous papers to argue that the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century, and that recent warming was not unusual. They sent their paper to one of the editors of Climate Research,  Chris de Freitas, an opponent of action to curb carbon dioxide emissions who has been characterized by Fred Pearce as a "climate contrarian".<ref> describes de Freitas as "a man with known sceptical views" and a "climate contrarian" who "was a driving force behind the creation of an early sceptic organisation in Canada, Friends of Science",

text: After the publicity the MBH99 study had been given by the

text: IPCC Third Assessment Report

text: (TAR), the

text: hockey stick controversy

text: developed in which the graph was targeted by those opposing ratification of the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: on global warming, including

text: Willie Soon

text: and

text: Sallie Baliunas

text: . Both were astrophysicists at the

entity_name: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

text: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

text: :  Soon had for a long time said that climate change was primarily due to

text: solar variation

text: , while Baliunas had previously been noted for disputing that man-made chemicals (

text: halocarbon

text: refrigerants such as

text: CFC

text: s) were causing

text: ozone depletion

text: . They prepared a

text: literature review

text: which used data from previous papers to argue that the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century, and that recent warming was not unusual. They sent their paper to one of the editors of

text: Climate Research

text: Chris de Freitas

text: , an opponent of action to curb carbon dioxide emissions who has been characterized by

text: Fred Pearce

text: as a "climate contrarian".<ref> describes de Freitas as "a man with known sceptical views" and a "climate contrarian" who "was a driving force behind the creation of an early sceptic organisation in Canada,

text: Friends of Science

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CFCs

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the hockey stick controversy?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CFCs were causing ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made chemicals

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CFCs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: willie soon and sallie balunas

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The hockey stick controversy developed

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar variation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CFCs

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent warming was not unusual

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: primarily due to solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ozone depletion.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change was primarily due to solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: recent warming was not unusual.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval Warm Period had been warmer than the 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change was primarily due to solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming, including Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar variation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent warming was not unusual.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ozone depletion.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: recent warming was not unusual.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: recent warming

text: Based on field surveys, a 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles terrapins, which include various Pelusios species.  Seychelles is considered a hotspot for biodiversity, as it is one of the most threatened reservoirs of plant life and animal life, as well as one of the richest environments.  The species are endangered due to threat of drainage, predation, and invasion by alien flora, combined with a shrunken living area.  Most habitat destruction is from human population expansion, specifically in the granitic islands due to increased development pressures. Hope for reversal of this trend is evidenced by the rapid population recovery of Pelusios subniger parietalis on Frégate Island after habitat improvement.Global climate change has recently been recognized as one of the largest threats to biodiversity.  This climate change has the ability to change species survival by causing changes in ecosystem structures, yet the effect is heightened in endemic species.  Several reviews undertaken for the study of potential effects of global warming on biodiversity have provided evidence for Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents.  Climate change is likely to be devastating for many species confined to small islands such as Seychelles.  Endemic species such as Pelusios could suffer the worst impact of climate change because of their restricted range and narrow ecological requirements.

text: Based on field surveys, a 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles terrapins, which include various Pelusios species.  Seychelles is considered a hotspot for

text: biodiversity

text: , as it is one of the most threatened reservoirs of plant life and animal life, as well as one of the richest environments.  The species are endangered due to threat of

text: drainage

text: predation

text: , and

text: invasion

text: by alien flora, combined with a shrunken living area.  Most

text: habitat destruction

text: is from human population expansion, specifically in the

text: granitic islands

text: due to increased development pressures. Hope for reversal of this trend is evidenced by the rapid population recovery of Pelusios subniger parietalis on

text: Frégate Island

text: after habitat improvement.Global

text: climate change

text: has recently been recognized as one of the largest threats to biodiversity.  This climate change has the ability to change species survival by causing changes in ecosystem structures, yet the effect is heightened in

text: endemic

text: species.  Several reviews undertaken for the study of potential effects of global warming on biodiversity have provided evidence for Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents.  Climate change is likely to be devastating for many species confined to small islands such as Seychelles.  Endemic species such as Pelusios could suffer the worst impact of climate change because of their restricted range and narrow ecological requirements.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity: drainage, predation, or invasion?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity: drainage, predation, or invasion by alien flora?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human population expansion

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pelusios

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity: global warming, global warming, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why is Africa the most vulnerable of all continents?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many degrees

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: granitic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Seychelles

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human population expansion,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles terrapins,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles terrapins,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in ecosystem structures,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Africa being the most vulnerable of all continents.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: endemic species.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Seychelles

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: improvement.Global climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 50% decrease has been observed in the Seychelles

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: drainage,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: improvement.Global climate change

text: During the last Ice Age, the most recent peak is known as the Last Glacial Maximum when a vast mammoth steppe stretched from Spain eastwards across Eurasia and over the Bering land bridge into Alaska and the Yukon. The continent of Europe was much colder and drier than it is today, with polar desert in the north and the remainder steppe or tundra. Forest and woodland were almost non-existent except for isolated pockets in the mountain ranges of southern Europe. The Late Pleistocene was characterized by a series of severe and rapid climate oscillations with regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C, which has been correlated with Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. There is no evidence of megafaunal extinctions at the height of the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating that increasing cold and glaciation were not factors. Multiple events appear to have caused the rapid replacement of one species by one within the same genus, or one population by another within the same species, across a broad area. As some species became extinct, so too did the predators that depended on them. The ancestors of modern humans first reached Europe with their remains dated 43,000-45,000 years BP in Italy and in Britain.

text: During the last

text: Ice Age

text: , the most recent peak is known as the

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: when a vast

text: mammoth steppe

text: stretched from

text: Spain

text: eastwards across

text: Eurasia

text: and over the

text: Bering land bridge

text: into

text: Alaska

text: and the

text: Yukon

text: . The continent of Europe was much colder and drier than it is today, with polar desert in the north and the remainder

text: steppe

text: or

text: tundra

text: . Forest and woodland were almost non-existent except for isolated pockets in the mountain ranges of southern Europe. The

text: Late Pleistocene

text: was characterized by a series of severe and rapid climate oscillations with regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C, which has been correlated with

text: Pleistocene megafauna

text: l

text: extinction

text: s. There is no evidence of megafaunal extinctions at the height of the

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: , indicating that increasing cold and glaciation were not factors. Multiple events appear to have caused the rapid replacement of one species by one within the same

text: genus

text: , or one population by another within the same species, across a broad area. As some species became extinct, so too did the predators that depended on them. The ancestors of modern humans first reached Europe with their remains dated 43,000-45,000 years BP in

text: Italy

text: and in

text: Britain

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no evidence of megafaunal extinctions at the height of the Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 16 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 45,000 years BP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the most recent peak of the Last Glacial Maximum?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the rapid replacement of one species by one within the same genus

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Megafaunal extinctions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the Last Glacial Maximum?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: regional temperature changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many °C did the Late Pleistocene have?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the most recent peak in Europe?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most recent peak of Europe?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 16 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 16 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increasing cold and glaciation were not factors.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: modern humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increasing cold and glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: regional temperature changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Alaska and the Yukon.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: regional temperature changes of up to 16 °C,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Late Pleistocene

text: The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change the climate. Many other theories of climate change were advanced, involving forces from volcanism to solar variation. In the 1960s, the warming effect of carbon dioxide gas became increasingly convincing. Some scientists also pointed out that human activities that generated atmospheric aerosols (e.g., "pollution") could have cooling effects as well. During the 1970s, scientific opinion increasingly favored the warming viewpoint. By the 1990s, as a result of improving fidelity of computer models and observational work confirming the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, a consensus position formed: greenhouse gases were deeply involved in most climate changes and human caused emissions were bringing discernible global warming. Since the 1990s, scientific research on climate change has included multiple disciplines and has expanded. Research has expanded our understanding of causal relations, links with historic data and ability to model climate change numerically.  Research during this period has been summarized in the Assessment Reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

text: The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when

text: ice ages

text: and other natural changes in

text: paleoclimate

text: were first suspected and the natural

text: greenhouse effect

text: first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of

text: greenhouse gases

text: could change the

text: climate

text: . Many other theories of climate change were advanced, involving forces from

text: volcanism

text: to

text: solar variation

text: . In the 1960s, the warming effect of

text: carbon dioxide

text: gas became increasingly convincing. Some scientists also pointed out that human activities that generated atmospheric

text: aerosols

text: (e.g., "pollution") could have cooling effects as well. During the 1970s, scientific opinion increasingly favored the warming viewpoint. By the 1990s, as a result of improving fidelity of

text: computer models

text: and observational work confirming the

text: Milankovitch theory

text: of the ice ages, a consensus position formed: greenhouse gases were deeply involved in most climate changes and human caused emissions were bringing discernible

text: global warming

text: . Since the 1990s, scientific research on climate change has included multiple disciplines and has expanded. Research has expanded our understanding of causal relations, links with historic data and ability to model climate change numerically.  Research during this period has been summarized in the Assessment Reports by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: volcanism to solar variation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a theory of climate change: volcanism, greenhouse gases, or solar variation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: In the early 19th century when ice ages

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the natural greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect first identified

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consensus position?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: many other theories of climate change were advanced

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: In the 1960s

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cooling effects

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: discernible global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human caused emissions were bringing discernible global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar variation.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: warming effect of carbon dioxide gas

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling effects

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming effect of carbon dioxide gas became increasingly convincing.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: volcanism to solar variation.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human emissions of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: By the 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: volcanism to solar variation.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar variation.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activities that generated atmospheric aerosols

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: In the 1960s, the warming effect of carbon dioxide gas became increasingly convincing.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change and Director of the Priestley International Centre for Climate at the University of Leeds. A physicist by training, his research focuses on quantifying the different human causes of climate change and the way the Earth responds. He is best known for his work on radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, contrails and geoengineering. He has contributed heavily to the writing of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, including acting as a Lead Author for both the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report   and IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.

text: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change and Director of the Priestley International Centre for Climate at the

text: University of Leeds

text: . A physicist by training, his research focuses on quantifying the different human causes of climate change and the way the Earth responds. He is best known for his work on

text: radiative forcing

text: climate sensitivity

text: contrails

text: and

text: geoengineering

text: . He has contributed heavily to the writing of

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: reports, including acting as a Lead Author for both the

text: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

text: and

text: IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Earth responds to climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Piers Forster study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change and geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: contrails

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is one of Piers Forster's research topics?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the Earth responds

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Piers Forster study?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does Piers Forster study?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Piers Forster study?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: contrails

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate sensitivity

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: contrails

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Contrails

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate sensitivity

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: contrails

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: geoengineering.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: quantifying the different human causes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, contrails

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: contrails and geoengineering.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the Earth responds.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: radiative forcing,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human causes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Piers Forster

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Piers Forster

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Piers Forster

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, contrails and geoengineering.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, contrails and geoengineering.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Piers Forster is Professor of Physical Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: radiative forcing,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, contrails and geoengineering.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: contrails

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: radiative forcing, climate sensitivity,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: radiative forcing,

text: Broecker's areas of research include Pleistocene geochronology, radiocarbon dating and chemical oceanography, including oceanic mixing based on stable and radioisotope distribution. This includes research on the biogeochemical cycles of the element carbon and on the record of climate change contained in polar ice and ocean sediments.

text: Broecker's areas of research include

text: Pleistocene

text: geochronology

text: radiocarbon dating

text: and

text: chemical oceanography

text: , including oceanic mixing based on

text: stable

text: and

text: radioisotope

text: distribution. This includes research on the

text: biogeochemical cycle

text: s of the element

text: carbon

text: and on the record of

text: climate change

text: contained in

text: polar ice

text: and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments contain no evidence of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the name of the element that Broecker's research focuses on

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sun that Broecker studied?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dating, and chemical oceanography are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: oceanic mixing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Broecker's area of research?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: radiocarbon dating

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceanic mixing

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: isotope distribution

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Polar ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change contained in polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: oceanic mixing based on stable and radioisotope distribution.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change contained in polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Broecker's areas of research include Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene geochronology,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: oceanic mixing based on stable and radioisotope distribution.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: chemical oceanography,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: oceanic mixing based on stable and radioisotope distribution.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change contained in polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceanic mixing

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: polar ice and ocean sediments.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: polar ice

text: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages and the landscape is much affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective, the country has three main sub-divisions.

text: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice ages

text: and the landscape is much affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective, the country has three main sub-divisions.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciation is not a result of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sub-division: Pleistocene ice ages or glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and glaciation are all examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How would you describe the landscape of Scotland?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift: plate tectonics or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: in a negative way

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: three

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The whole of Scotland

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The whole of Scotland

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Scotland

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Scotland was covered by ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

text: Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.

text: Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2

text: °C

text: or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased

text: energy demand

text: and extensive use of

text: fossil fuel

text: s might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Stringent mitigation policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What would increase the risk of negative impacts?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, increased energy demand, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What would increase the risk of negative impacts?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: negative impacts

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming of around how much?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would increase the risk of negative impacts?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has global temperature gone straight up from O to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will increase the risk of negative impacts?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a type of global warming projection?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would a change in climate affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Near-term climate change policies

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming of around 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Near-term climate change policies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Near-term climate change policies

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Higher magnitudes of global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Higher magnitudes of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 4 °C.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-industrial levels.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2 °C

text: Scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming express varied opinions concerning the cause of global warming. Some say only that it has not yet been ascertained whether humans are the primary cause of global warming; others attribute global warming to natural variation; ocean currents; increased solar activity or cosmic rays. The consensus position is that solar radiation may have increased by 0.12 W/m since 1750, compared to 1.6 W/m for the net anthropogenic forcing. The TAR said, "The combined change in radiative forcing of the two major natural factors (solar variation and volcanic aerosols) is estimated to be negative for the past two, and possibly the past four, decades." The AR4 makes no direct assertions on the recent role of solar forcing, but the previous statement is consistent with the AR4's figure 4.

entity_name: List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

text: Scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

text: express varied opinions concerning the cause of global warming. Some say only that it has not yet been ascertained whether humans are the primary cause of global warming; others attribute global warming to natural variation;

text: ocean current

text: s; increased

text: solar activity

text: or

text: cosmic ray

text: s. The consensus position is that solar radiation may have increased by 0.12 W/m since 1750, compared to 1.6 W/m for the net anthropogenic forcing. The TAR said, "The combined change in radiative forcing of the two major natural factors (solar variation and volcanic aerosols) is estimated to be negative for the past two, and possibly the past four, decades." The AR4 makes no direct assertions on the recent role of solar forcing, but the previous statement is consistent with the AR4's figure 4.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans are the primary cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.12 W/m

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1750

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have increased by 0.12 W/m since 1750

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the two major natural factors?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Humans are the primary cause

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased solar activity

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the consensus position?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the consensus position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the AR4

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: natural variation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no direct assertions on the recent role of solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: natural variation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: solar radiation may have increased by 0.12 W/m

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1750

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.12 W/m

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural variation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans are the primary cause of global warming;

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1750,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 1.6 W/m for the net anthropogenic forcing.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: humans are the primary cause of global warming;

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ocean currents; increased solar activity

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased solar activity

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ocean currents;

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: natural variation;

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1750,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ocean currents;

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: solar radiation may have increased by 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: natural variation; ocean currents; increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: four,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: natural variation; ocean currents; increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanic aerosols)

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 1.6 W/m for the net anthropogenic forcing.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: negative for the past two, and possibly the past four, decades."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1750,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ocean currents; increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1750,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1750,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents;

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.12 W/m since 1750,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ocean currents; increased solar activity or cosmic rays.

text: Dallas was also affected subtly by much younger geologic formations deposited by an older, more vigorous Trinity River.  The northern hemisphere Ice age occurred in Pleistocene time, when a continental ice sheet reached as far south as Kansas during the Wisconsin glaciation.  The ice age climate had two effects on the Trinity River: It caused downcutting (few people know that there is a  deep buried canyon beneath the Trinity in Dallas) , and a wetter climate caused much more water to flow in the river. The greater river flow generated great sedimentary river terraces.  From time to time these terrace deposits reveal bones of extinct giant mammals, such as Mastodons and Mammoths . The Pleistocene terraces affected the development of Dallas, providing a rich alluvial soil and a perched aquifer, very useful indeed during the early years.  Downtown Dallas is built on a series of these terraces, rising subtly eastward from the Trinity river.

text: Dallas was also affected subtly by much younger geologic formations deposited by an older, more vigorous Trinity River.  The northern hemisphere

text: Ice age

text: occurred in

text: Pleistocene

text: time, when a

text: continental ice sheet

text: reached as far south as

text: Kansas

text: during the

text: Wisconsin glaciation

text: .  The ice age climate had two effects on the Trinity River: It caused downcutting (few people know that there is a  deep buried canyon beneath the Trinity in Dallas) , and a wetter climate caused much more water to flow in the river. The greater river flow generated great sedimentary

text: river terrace

text: s.  From time to time these terrace deposits reveal bones of extinct giant mammals, such as

text: Mastodons

text: and

text: Mammoths

text: . The Pleistocene terraces affected the development of Dallas, providing a rich alluvial soil and a perched

text: aquifer

text: , very useful indeed during the early years.

text: Downtown Dallas

text: is built on a series of these terraces, rising subtly eastward from the Trinity river.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age occurred in Pleistocene time

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Mastodons or Mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Mastodons or Mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mammoths

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the northern hemisphere Ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Wisconsin glaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What happened in the Pleistocene time?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How far south did the Wisconsin glaciation reach?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ocean current: ocean currents or plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Wisconsin glaciation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Wisconsin glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: younger

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Wisconsin glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Dallas

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Mastodons and Mammoths.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Dallas

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Trinity River.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: younger geologic formations deposited by an older, more vigorous Trinity River.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: much more water to flow in the river.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinct giant mammals,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Wisconsin glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Dallas

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: older, more vigorous Trinity River.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Dallas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Wisconsin glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The northern hemisphere Ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Wisconsin glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a wetter climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Wisconsin glaciation.

text: One of the areas of research for the IFPRI is the effects of climate change on developing countries. Climate change describes a global change in the climate, but this does not mean that all areas of the globe will be affected equally or that they will all experience the same type of climate change. Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder. The IFPRI has conducted studies to model the effects of climate change on developing populations.

text: One of the areas of research for the IFPRI is the effects of

text: climate change

text: on developing countries. Climate change describes a global change in the climate, but this does not mean that all areas of the globe will be affected equally or that they will all experience the same type of climate change. Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder. The IFPRI has conducted studies to model the effects of climate change on developing populations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: all areas of the globe will be affected equally

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Some areas may become warmer

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: some areas may become warmer while others may become colder

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: None

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Some areas may become warmer

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: they will all experience the same type of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change on developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: colder.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change on developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: colder.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: colder.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Some areas may become warmer while others may become colder.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warmer while others may become colder.

text: David John Karoly (born 1956) is an Australian atmospheric scientist. He is an expert in climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and climate variations due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

text: David John Karoly (born 1956) is an Australian atmospheric scientist. He is an expert in

text: climate change

text: , stratospheric

text: ozone depletion

text: , and

text: climate variation

text: s due to the

text: El Niño-Southern Oscillation

text: (ENSO).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: David John Karoly is an expert in stratospheric ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the E in "ENSO" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause climate variations due to what?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate variations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is David Karoly's occupation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significantly

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is David Karoly?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: stratospheric ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1956)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate variations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate variations due to the El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: David John Karoly

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Ni<unk>

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni<unk>

text: The time from roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BC was a time of transition, and swift and extensive environmental change, as the planet was moving from an Ice age, towards an interstadial (warm period). Sea levels rose dramatically (and are continuing to do so), land that was depressed by glaciers began lifting up again, forests and deserts expanded, and the climate gradually became more modern. In the process of warming up, the planet saw several "cold snaps" and "warm snaps", such as the Older Dryas and the Holocene climatic optimum, as well as heavier precipitation. In addition, the Pleistocene megafauna became extinct due to environmental and evolutionary pressures from the changing climate. This marked the end of the Quaternary extinction event, which was continued into the modern era by humans. The time around 11,700 years ago (9700 BC) is widely considered to be the end of the old age (Pleistocene, Paleolithic, Stone age, Wisconsin Ice Age), and the beginning of the modern world as we know it.

text: The time from roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BC was a time of transition, and swift and extensive environmental change, as the planet was moving from an

text: Ice age

text: , towards an

text: interstadial

text: (warm period).

text: Sea level

text: s rose dramatically (and are

text: continuing to do so

text: ), land that was depressed by glaciers began

text: lifting up again

text: , forests and deserts expanded, and the climate gradually became more modern. In the process of warming up, the planet saw several "cold snaps" and "warm snaps", such as the

text: Older Dryas

text: and the

text: Holocene climatic optimum

text: , as well as heavier precipitation. In addition, the

text: Pleistocene megafauna

text: became extinct due to environmental and

text: evolutionary pressure

text: s from the changing climate. This marked the end of the

text: Quaternary extinction event

text: , which was continued into the modern era

text: by humans

text: . The time around 11,700 years ago (9700 BC) is widely considered to be the end of the old age (

text: Pleistocene

text: Paleolithic

text: Stone age

text: Wisconsin Ice Age

text: ), and the beginning of the modern world as we know it.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Pleistocene megafauna became extinct

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: are continuing to do so

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 11700 BC

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Are sea levels continuing to rise dramatically or are they continuing to do so?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What caused the Quaternary extinction event?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers began lifting up again

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Quaternary extinction event last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heavier precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the process of warming up

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the glaciers begin lifting up again?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the ice age or the transition?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did Pleistocene megafauna become extinct?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "warm snaps

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the Older Dryas

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "cold snaps

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cold snaps

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatically

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 15,000 to 5,000 BC

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically (and are continuing to do so),

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "cold snaps" and "warm snaps",

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene megafauna became extinct

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: heavier precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heavier precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "cold snaps"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "cold snaps" and "warm snaps",

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 15,000 to 5,000 BC

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the planet was moving from an Ice age, towards an interstadial

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: heavier precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically (and are continuing to do so),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: evolutionary pressures

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Wisconsin Ice Age),

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene megafauna became extinct

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: land that was depressed by glaciers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Holocene climatic optimum,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: heavier precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "cold snaps"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Sea levels rose dramatically

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "warm snaps",

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: heavier precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "cold snaps"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "cold snaps"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "cold snaps"

text: Although scientific opinion on climate change is that human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change, the politics of global warming have been affected by climate change denial, hindering efforts to prevent climate change and adapt to the warming climate. Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none.

text: Although

text: scientific opinion on climate change

text: is that human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change, the

text: politics of global warming

text: have been affected by climate change denial, hindering efforts to

text: prevent climate change

text: and

text: adapt to the warming climate

text: . Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denial

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change denial, hindering efforts to prevent climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: denial

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the primary driver of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is extremely likely to be

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: politics of global warming have been affected by climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warming climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: none.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change, the politics of global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of  from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

text: Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of  from fossil fuel use are a major cause of

text: global warming

text: , and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Humans are the only cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are a type of

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causes global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-emitted emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: fossil fuel use

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuel use

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Cumulative anthropogenic

text: Also in the middle latitudes, the seasonal climate variations produced by changes in the length of daytime are the most marked, with very distinct periods of cold and heat, and other secondary seasonal changes such as snow and ice in winter that disappear in summer and so on. At high latitudes, it is cold most of the time, with constant snow and ice, so the seasons are less obvious; and in the tropics, it is hot most of the time, with no snow or ice at all, so again the seasons are less obvious.

text: Also in the

text: middle latitudes

text: , the seasonal climate variations produced by changes in the length of daytime are the most marked, with very distinct periods of cold and heat, and other secondary seasonal changes such as snow and ice in winter that disappear in summer and so on. At

text: high latitudes

text: , it is cold most of the time, with constant snow and ice, so the seasons are less obvious; and in the tropics, it is hot most of the time, with no snow or ice at all, so again the seasons are less obvious.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: At high latitudes, it is cold most of the time

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are secondary seasonal changes?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a major cause of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: seasonal climate variations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: seasonal climate variations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: very distinct periods of cold and heat

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the tropics

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: at high latitudes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: seasonal climate variations

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: very distinct periods of cold

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seasonal climate variations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no snow or ice at all,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the seasonal climate variations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: no snow or ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: very distinct periods of cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Also in the middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: changes in the length of daytime are the most marked,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: constant snow and ice,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: At high latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: very distinct periods of cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: snow and ice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: middle latitudes,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes in the length of daytime are the most marked,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: changes in the length of daytime

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: changes in the length of daytime are the most marked,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: periods of cold

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cold and heat,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: snow and ice

text: In 2011, Hill's research, which had used helioseismography to monitor streams below the surface of the sun, attracted considerable media attention. Although such streams tend to be the "spawning ground" for sunspots, and they had been expected to begin forming in 2008, the study found that these new streams had yet to form. The study in question therefore suggested that the sunspot cycle was going to take longer than expected to reach its next peak, or, according to Hill, might not happen at all. Although Hill and his colleagues refused to discuss the possible effects this weaker solar cycle would have on climate, this was reported on by some media, including the Global Warming Policy Foundation, as evidence that a "mini ice age" was imminent. Hill responded to these reports by telling Reuters that "We have not predicted a Little Ice Age," but rather that "We have predicted something going on with the Sun." In an NSO press release, Hill added that "In my opinion, it is a huge leap from that to an abrupt global cooling, since the connections between solar activity and climate are still very poorly understood. My understanding is that current calculations suggest only a 0.3 degree C decrease from a Maunder-like minimum, too small for an ice age."

text: In 2011, Hill's research, which had used

text: helioseismography

text: to monitor streams below the surface of the sun, attracted considerable media attention. Although such streams tend to be the "spawning ground" for sunspots, and they had been expected to begin forming in 2008, the study found that these new streams had yet to form. The study in question therefore suggested that the

text: sunspot cycle

text: was going to take longer than expected to reach its next peak, or, according to Hill, might not happen at all. Although Hill and his colleagues refused to discuss the possible effects this weaker solar cycle would have on climate, this was reported on by some media, including the

text: Global Warming Policy Foundation

text: , as evidence that a "mini ice age" was imminent. Hill responded to these reports by telling

text: Reuters

text: that "We have not predicted a Little Ice Age," but rather that "We have predicted something going on with the Sun." In an NSO press release, Hill added that "In my opinion, it is a huge leap from that to an abrupt global cooling, since the connections between solar activity and climate are still very poorly understood. My understanding is that current calculations suggest only a 0.3 degree C decrease from a Maunder-like minimum, too small for an

text: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a "mini ice age" was imminent

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.3 degree C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are still very poorly understood

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the spawning grounds for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent El Nio event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: spawning ground" for sunspots

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in 2011

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What was reported on by some media?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would this affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.3 degree C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: a Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.3 degree C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: streams tend to be the "spawning ground"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sunspots,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sunspots,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sunspots,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: streams below the surface of the sun,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 0.3 degree C

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2008,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "We have not predicted a Little Ice Age,"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: too small for an ice age."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: too small for an ice age."

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age,"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sunspots,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sunspots,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Maunder-like

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "mini ice age"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.3 degree C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "mini ice age"

text: Climate change has severe impact on global warming particularly due to its close association with poverty. Since significant portion of the population is concentrated in low-income class, the living environments of developing countries are more vulnerable to climate changes. Especially, damages caused by climate change are the most critical among developing countries where people heavily depend on agriculture and lack sufficient infrastructure.

text: Climate change

text: has severe impact on

text: global warming

text: particularly due to its close association with poverty. Since significant portion of the population is concentrated in low-income class, the living environments of

text: developing countries

text: are more vulnerable to

text: climate change

text: s. Especially, damages caused by

text: climate change

text: are the most critical among

text: developing countries

text: where people heavily depend on agriculture and lack sufficient infrastructure.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the living environments of developing countries are more vulnerable to climate changes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: climate change, poverty, or infrastructure?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poverty

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a negative impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in developing countries

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: poverty.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poverty.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the living environments of developing countries are more vulnerable to climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate change has severe impact on global warming

text: Reporter Tyler Hamilton calls the book "a stinging critique of how poorly the mainstream media has covered global warming" and says that the book, like Romm's blog, "cuts through the crap in a way no mainstream media outlet has or will."  A review in TreeHugger termed the book "an essential guide to climate, energy, and politics for the blog era."  It continued, "nobody knows the game like Romm – both in terms of ability to interpret and explain the latest science, and in boasting expertise on the politics and policy process that, whether you like it our not, is going to be instrumental in mitigating climate change on a large scale."  Even for readers of Romm's blog, the book "provides an important narrative flow, and condenses everything you need to know about the current state of climate science and politics into a nice, quick read.  While extremely thorough, it may make some beginners' head spin, and it can get combative and wonky in places.  But such is the nature of this beast – climate change should make a beginner's head spin, and as Romm makes clear, addressing it is going to be messy, politically charged, and a daunting battle."  The Environmental Defense Fund review opined, "Straight Up is well-researched, provides insightful political analysis, and showcases compelling data on the economic benefits of climate change solutions."

text: Reporter

text: Tyler Hamilton

text: calls the book "a stinging critique of how poorly the mainstream media has covered global warming" and says that the book, like Romm's blog, "cuts through the crap in a way no mainstream media outlet has or will."  A review in

text: TreeHugger

text: termed the book "an essential guide to climate, energy, and politics for the blog era."  It continued, "nobody knows the game like Romm – both in terms of ability to interpret and explain the latest science, and in boasting expertise on the politics and policy process that, whether you like it our not, is going to be instrumental in mitigating climate change on a large scale."  Even for readers of Romm's blog, the book "provides an important narrative flow, and condenses everything you need to know about the current state of climate science and politics into a nice, quick read.  While extremely thorough, it may make some beginners' head spin, and it can get combative and wonky in places.  But such is the nature of this beast – climate change should make a beginner's head spin, and as Romm makes clear, addressing it is going to be messy, politically charged, and a daunting battle."  The

text: Environmental Defense Fund

text: review opined, "Straight Up is well-researched, provides insightful political analysis, and showcases compelling data on the economic benefits of climate change solutions."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change should make a beginner's head spin

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the main topic of Straight Up?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, climate change, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and climate change solutions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic benefits

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent climate change event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the book?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "nobody knows the game like Romm

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does Romm think climate change will affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change should make a beginner's head spin

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: economic benefits of climate change solutions."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: mainstream media

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic benefits

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: stinging critique of how poorly the mainstream media has covered global warming"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "a stinging critique of how poorly the mainstream media has covered global warming"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change on a large scale."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change on a large scale."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: messy, politically charged, and a daunting battle."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change on a large scale."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "Straight Up

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming"

text: With Ellsworth Huntington, Visher’s attention focused more and more on climatological changes and the effect on life on earth. In Climatic Changes, their Nature and Causes (1922) the authors claimed that changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate. They also speculated that this was a chief (or at least important) driver of evolution (J. Fleming, 1998, 105). For instance, they speculated that dynamic solar activity ‘may be regarded as the great terrestrial contribution to the climatic environment which guides the development of life’ (Huntington and Visher 1922, 240).

text: With Ellsworth Huntington, Visher’s attention focused more and more on climatological changes and the effect on life on earth. In Climatic Changes, their Nature and Causes (1922) the authors claimed that changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate. They also speculated that this was a chief (or at least important) driver of evolution (J. Fleming, 1998, 105). For instance, they speculated that dynamic solar activity ‘may be regarded as the great terrestrial contribution to the climatic environment which guides the development of life’ (Huntington and Visher 1922, 240).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the authors claimed that changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: significant

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1922

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have had significant effects on earth’s climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the most common type of solar activity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: significant effects on earth’s climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did the authors claim that changes in solar activity has had

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 105

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 105

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significant effects on earth’s climate

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climatic Changes

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climatic Changes

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatological changes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 105).

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climatological changes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1998, 105).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climatic Changes,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climatic Changes,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climatic Changes,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatic Changes, their Nature and Causes (1922)

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: changes in solar activity has had significant effects on earth’s climate.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatological changes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatological changes

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in solar activity

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climatic Changes,

text: Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that global warming is mostly being caused by human (anthropogenic) activities, mainly increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide (CO).  Human activities have led to carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. Methane and other, often much more potent, greenhouse gases are also rising along with CO. Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by vegetation and the oceans. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further  for their lowest emissions scenario and  for the highest emissions scenario. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

text: Scientific understanding of global warming

text: is increasing. The

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC)

text: reported in 2014

text: that scientists were more than 95% certain that global warming is mostly being caused by

text: human (anthropogenic) activities

text: , mainly increasing concentrations of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es such as

text: methane

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO).  Human activities have led to

text: carbon dioxide

text: concentrations

text: above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. Methane and other, often much more potent, greenhouse gases are also rising along with CO. Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.

text: Climate model

text: projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further  for their lowest

text: emissions scenario

text: and  for the highest emissions scenario. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human activities have led to carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hundreds of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 21st century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How much of the CO released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "SUN" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most common tropical storm in the world?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or CO?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: CO, methane, or CO?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: hundreds of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global surface temperature is likely to rise a further for their lowest emissions scenario and for the highest emissions scenario

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human (anthropogenic) activities,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 21st century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane and carbon dioxide (CO).

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Scientific understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: about half of the carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human (anthropogenic) activities,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: vegetation and the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Scientific understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human (anthropogenic) activities, mainly increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: vegetation and the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Scientific understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Methane and other, often much more potent, greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human (anthropogenic) activities,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: hundreds of thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

text: According to Plimer, he wrote Heaven and Earth after being "incensed by increasing public acceptance of the idea that humans have caused global warming" and set out to "knock out every single argument we hear about climate change." Although he does not dispute that climate change is happening, he argues that "It's got nothing to do with the atmosphere, it's about what happens in the galaxy" and that climate is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics rather than the levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Plimer says his book is for the "average punter in the street" who can "smell something is wrong in the climate debate but can't put a finger on what."

text: According to Plimer, he wrote Heaven and Earth after being "incensed by increasing public acceptance of the idea that humans have caused global warming" and set out to "knock out every single argument we hear about climate change." Although he does not dispute that climate change is happening, he argues that "It's got nothing to do with the atmosphere, it's about what happens in the galaxy" and that climate is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics rather than the levels of atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es such as

text: carbon dioxide

text: . Plimer says his book is for the "average punter in the street" who can "smell something is wrong in the climate debate but can't put a finger on what."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: It's got nothing to do with the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Plimer believe is driving climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not have anything to do with the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is driven by the sun?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's about what happens in the galaxy

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Heaven and Earth

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "knock out every single argument we hear about climate change."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Plimer,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: humans have caused global warming"

text: Adults in Asia, with the exception of those in developed countries, are the least likely to perceive global warming as a threat. In the western world, individuals are the most likely to be aware and perceive it as a very or somewhat serious threat to themselves and their families; although Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States. However, the public in Africa, where individuals are the most vulnerable to global warming while producing the least carbon dioxide, is the least aware – which translates into a low perception that it is a threat.

text: Adults in Asia, with the exception of those in developed countries, are the least likely to perceive global warming as a threat. In the western world, individuals are the most likely to be aware and perceive it as a very or somewhat serious threat to themselves and their families; although Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States. However, the public in Africa, where individuals are the most vulnerable to global warming while producing the least carbon dioxide, is the least aware – which translates into a low perception that it is a threat.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the most vulnerable to global warming while producing the least carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: global warming, global warming, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the public in Africa

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the oceans to warm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the western world

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which continent is the least likely to perceive global warming as a threat?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather to be more

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: adults in developed countries

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Europeans

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: in the western world

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Europeans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Europeans

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Asia,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Adults in Asia,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: those in developed countries,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Adults in Asia, with the exception of those in developed countries,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Adults in Asia,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Adults in Asia,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: perceive it as a very or somewhat serious threat to themselves and their families;

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Adults in Asia, with the exception of those in developed countries,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: a very or somewhat serious threat to themselves and their families;

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Adults in Asia, with the exception of those in developed countries,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Adults in Asia,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Adults in Asia,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Europeans are more concerned about climate change than those in the United States.

text: At the time of the 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference, over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change by scientists representing the UN, who have published papers providing evidence of climate change, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 Summary for Policymakers. Arguments exist over how sensitive our climate is to increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide. According to the International Policy Network (IPN), debates exist over Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPNN) claims' on climate change and how realistic these situations are.

text: At the time of the 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference, over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change by scientists representing the UN, who have published papers providing evidence of climate change, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 Summary for Policymakers. Arguments exist over how sensitive our climate is to increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide. According to the International Policy Network (IPN), debates exist over Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPNN) claims' on climate change and how realistic these situations are.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: how sensitive our climate is to increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global climate change or intergovernmental panel on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference did the El Nio event occur?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: how realistic these situations are

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: how sensitive our climate is to increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 Summary for Policymakers.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2008 United Nations Climate Change conference,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increasing levels of Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Arguments exist over how sensitive our climate is to increasing levels

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Carbon Dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: over 650 international scientists expressed doubt regarding the claims made about global climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the Quaternary Ice Age during the present time.  Within ice ages, there exist periods of  more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively.  The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene epoch. Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.

text: There have been five known

text: ice age

text: s in the Earth's history, with the Earth experiencing the

text: Quaternary Ice Age

text: during the present time.  Within ice ages, there exist periods of  more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as

text: glacial period

text: s and

text: interglacial period

text: s, respectively.  The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary Ice Age, with the

text: last glacial period

text: of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the

text: Holocene

text: epoch. Based on

text: climate proxies

text: paleoclimatologists

text: study the different

text: climate state

text: s originating from glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Earth is experiencing the Quaternary Ice Age during the present time

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do paleoclimatologists study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the present time

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: How many known ice ages in the Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: paleoclimatologists

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: periods of more severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: periods of more severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: five

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more severe glacial conditions

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods and interglacial periods,

text: Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to global warming. The world average temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide.  When the global temperature changes, the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth. In particular, land areas change more quickly than oceans, and northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics, and the margins of biome regions change faster than do their cores.

text: Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to

text: global warming

text: . The world average temperature is rising due to the

text: greenhouse effect

text: caused by increasing levels of

text: greenhouse gases

text: , especially

text: carbon dioxide

text: .  When the global temperature changes, the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the

text: Earth

text: . In particular, land areas change more quickly than oceans, and northern high

text: latitudes

text: change more quickly than the

text: tropics

text: , and the margins of

text: biome

text: regions change faster than do their cores.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the changes in climate are expected to be uniform across the Earth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, and carbon dioxide are all types of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a change in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not expected to be uniform across the Earth?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a land area changing more quickly than oceans?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not expected to be uniform across the Earth?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not expected to be uniform across the Earth?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees is Earth's temperature today?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would volcanic eruptions affect global warming?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: uniform across the Earth.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: The world average temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oceans,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The world average temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The world average temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The world average temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: rising due to the greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increasing levels of greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The world average temperature is rising

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Regional effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: land areas change more quickly than oceans,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics,

text: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened, causing streams to downcut faster and sometimes change course. Wetter times during the ice ages of the Pleistocene increased the rate of erosion.

text: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened, causing streams to

text: downcut

text: faster and sometimes change course. Wetter times during the

text: ice age

text: s of the

text: Pleistocene

text: increased the rate of erosion.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Warmer times during the Pleistocene increased the rate of erosion.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can increase the rate of erosion.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing erosion, is an example of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers melting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a change in the course of a stream

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased the rate of erosion

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is true of the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of movement: plate tectonics or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Wetter times during the ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: erosion.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increased the rate of erosion.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: streams to downcut faster and sometimes change course.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Wetter times during the ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Wetter times

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Wetter times during the ice ages

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: change course.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The drainage system in the area was rearranged and steepened,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Wetter times during the ice ages

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene

text: The climate across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg or formerly the K–T boundary) is very important to geologic time as it marks a catastrophic global extinction event. Numerous theories have been proposed as to why this extinction event happened including an asteroid known as the Chicxulub asteroid, volcanism, or sea level changes. While the mass extinction is well documented, there is much debate about the immediate and long-term climatic and environmental changes caused by the event. The terrestrial climates at this time are poorly known, which limits the understanding of environmentally driven changes in biodiversity that occurred before the Chicxulub crater impact. Oxygen isotopes across the K–T boundary suggest that oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous and through the boundary itself. Carbon isotope measurements of benthic foramifinera at the K–T boundary suggest rapid, repeated fluctuations in oceanic productivity in the 3 million years before the final extinction, and that productivity and ocean circulation ended abruptly for at least tens of thousands of years just after the boundary, indicating devastation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Some researchers suggest that climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction. The impact perturbed the climate system with long-term effects that were much worse than the immediate, direct consequences of the impact.<ref>Cowen, Richard. "THE K-T EXTINCTION." The KT Extinction. University of Berkeley, California, June–July 1999. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.

text: The climate across the

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

text: (K–Pg or formerly the K–T boundary) is very important to

text: geologic time

text: as it marks a catastrophic global

text: extinction event

text: . Numerous theories have been proposed as to why this extinction event happened including an

text: asteroid

text: known as the Chicxulub asteroid,

text: volcanism

text: , or sea level changes. While the mass extinction is well documented, there is much debate about the immediate and long-term climatic and environmental changes caused by the event. The terrestrial climates at this time are poorly known, which limits the understanding of environmentally driven changes in

text: biodiversity

text: that occurred before the

text: Chicxulub crater

text: impact.

text: Oxygen isotope

text: s across the K–T boundary suggest that oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the

text: Late Cretaceous

text: and through the boundary itself. Carbon isotope measurements of benthic foramifinera at the K–T boundary suggest rapid, repeated fluctuations in oceanic productivity in the 3 million years before the final extinction, and that productivity and ocean circulation ended abruptly for at least tens of thousands of years just after the boundary, indicating devastation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Some researchers suggest that climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction. The impact perturbed the climate system with long-term effects that were much worse than the immediate, direct consequences of the impact.<ref>Cowen, Richard. "THE K-T EXTINCTION." The KT Extinction. University of Berkeley, California, June–July 1999. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide isotope measurements of benthic foramifinera at the K–T boundary

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sunspots are a type of crater on the surface of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon isotope measurements of benthic foramifinera at the K–T boundary suggest rapid, repeated fluctuations in oceanic productivity in the 3 million years before the final extinction

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Volcanism

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The El Nio event, also known as the El Nio cyclone, is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main connection between the impact and the extinction?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The impact perturbed the climate system

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the impact of the impact on the climate system?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: No ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Context: During the last ice age, glaciers covered much of North America.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The impact perturbed the climate system

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Context: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: a catastrophic global extinction event

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Chicxulub crater

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a catastrophic global extinction event

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ocean circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The impact perturbed the climate system

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Chicxulub

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea level changes.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sea level changes.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: oceanic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term effects

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sea level changes.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change is the main connection between the impact and the extinction.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 10 Nov. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The impact perturbed the climate system with long-term effects

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: KT Extinction.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea level changes.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The impact perturbed the climate system

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: rapid, repeated fluctuations in oceanic productivity

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 10 Nov. 2012.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: volcanism,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term effects that were much worse

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: oceanic temperatures fluctuated in the Late Cretaceous

text: Climate change in Europe describes the climate change related issues in Europe. This includes the climate politics, contribution in the global warming and the influence of the global warming in Europe.

text: Climate change in Europe describes the

text: climate change

text: related issues in

text: Europe

text: . This includes the climate politics, contribution in the

text: global warming

text: and the influence of the global warming in Europe.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Climate change in Europe describes the climate change related issues in America.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate politics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a climate change related issue in Europe.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will climate change in Europe cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: contribution in the global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate politics,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate politics,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate change in Europe

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate change in Europe

text: In his article published in The Sunday Telegraph in 2015, Berry argued that climate change "has more to do with the violent outbursts of energy that our solar system meets on its eternal passage through the Milky Way" than on the "fashionable theory of climate change caused by carbon dioxide" which "is contradicted by all the geological evidence." Berry served on the advisory committee of the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF)—a think tank that promotes climate-change denial and warns against the "extremely damaging and harmful policies" proposed by governments to mitigate anthropogenic global warming.

text: In his article published in

text: The Sunday Telegraph

text: in 2015, Berry argued that

text: climate change

text: "has more to do with the violent outbursts of energy that our solar system meets on its eternal passage through the Milky Way" than on the "fashionable theory of climate change caused by carbon dioxide" which "is contradicted by all the geological evidence." Berry served on the advisory committee of the

text: Global Warming Policy Foundation

text: (GWPF)—a

text: think tank

text: that promotes

text: climate-change denial

text: and warns against the "extremely damaging and harmful policies" proposed by governments to

text: mitigate

text: anthropogenic

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: fashionable theory of climate change caused by carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2015

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for violent outbursts of energy that our solar system meets?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extremely damaging and harmful policies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change theory?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Berry's theory about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does Berry think climate change affects living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: GWPF

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: GWPF

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "fashionable theory of climate change caused by carbon dioxide"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Milky Way"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: violent outbursts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: violent outbursts

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Milky Way"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: carbon dioxide" which "is contradicted by all the geological evidence."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global Warming Policy Foundation

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Milky Way"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: violent outbursts of energy

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: eternal passage through the Milky Way"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

text: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.Models and observations (see figure above, middle) show that greenhouse gas results in warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the troposphere) but cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the stratosphere). Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants has also resulted in a cooling effect in the stratosphere. If the sun was responsible for observed warming, warming of the troposphere at the surface and warming at the top of the stratosphere would be expected as increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen. The stratosphere has a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere so as the temperature of the troposphere cools with altitude, the stratosphere rises with altitude. Hadley cells are the mechanism by which equatorial generated ozone in the tropics (highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere) is moved poleward. Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall.

text: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.Models and observations (see figure above, middle) show that greenhouse gas results in warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the

text: troposphere

text: ) but cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the

text: stratosphere

text: Depletion

text: of the

text: ozone layer

text: by chemical

text: refrigerant

text: s has also resulted in a cooling effect in the stratosphere. If the sun was responsible for observed warming, warming of the troposphere at the surface and warming at the top of the stratosphere would be expected as increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen. The stratosphere has a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere so as the temperature of the troposphere cools with altitude, the stratosphere rises with altitude.

text: Hadley cells

text: are the mechanism by which equatorial generated ozone in the tropics (highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere) is moved poleward. Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the sun having caused recent climate change: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of solar activity: Hadley cells, global climate models, or solar activity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas results in warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling of the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a result of greenhouse gases: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface or cooling of the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the troposphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, ozone, or Hadley cells?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of greenhouse gases: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface or cooling of the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warmer, dryer conditions

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warmer, dryer conditions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: warmer, dryer conditions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: If the sun was responsible for observed warming,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: push the jetstream northward

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: stratosphere).

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the stratosphere).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The stratosphere has a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse gas results in warming

text: In the late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that  and  do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, "dark radiation"), while water (both as true vapor and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds) and  and other poly-atomic gaseous molecules do absorb infrared radiation. In the early 20th century researchers realized that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere made Earth's overall temperature higher than it would be without them. During the late 20th century, a scientific consensus evolved that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a substantial rise in global temperatures and changes to other parts of the climate system, with consequences for the environment and for human health.

text: In the late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that  and  do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, "dark radiation"), while water (both as true vapor and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds) and  and other poly-atomic gaseous molecules do absorb infrared radiation. In the early 20th century researchers realized that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere made Earth's overall temperature higher than it would be without them. During the late 20th century, a

text: scientific consensus

text: evolved that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a substantial rise in global temperatures and changes to other parts of the climate system, with

text: consequences

text: for the

text: environment

text: and for

entity_name: Effects of global warming on human health

text: human health

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: do not absorb infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: substantial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused a substantial rise in global temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of infrared radiation: water, infrared radiation, or dark radiation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a substantial rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human health

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after scientists discovered that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere made Earth's overall temperature higher than it would be without them?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: substantial rise in global temperatures and changes to other parts of the climate system

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: condensed

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: and do not absorb infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: substantial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increasing concentrations

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human health.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: microscopic droplets suspended in clouds)

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: microscopic droplets suspended in clouds)

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes to other parts of the climate system,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human health.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the late 20th century,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: microscopic droplets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "dark radiation"),

text: Pleistocene climate was marked by repeated glacial cycles in which continental glaciers pushed to the 40th parallel in some places. It is estimated that, at maximum glacial extent, 30% of the Earth's surface was covered by ice. In addition, a zone of permafrost stretched southward from the edge of the glacial sheet, a few hundred kilometres in North America, and several hundred in Eurasia. The mean annual temperature at the edge of the ice was ; at the edge of the permafrost, .

text: Pleistocene climate was marked by repeated glacial cycles in which

text: continental glacier

text: s pushed to the 40th

text: parallel

text: in some places. It is estimated that, at maximum glacial extent, 30% of the Earth's surface was covered by ice. In addition, a zone of

text: permafrost

text: stretched southward from the edge of the glacial sheet, a few hundred kilometres in

text: North America

text: , and several hundred in

text: Eurasia

text: . The mean annual temperature at the edge of the ice was ; at the edge of the permafrost, .

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciers pushed to the 40th parallel in some places

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all contributing to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would cause the temperature in the Pacific Ocean to rise

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature at the edge of the ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the summer

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause glaciers to melt

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases are a greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The mean annual temperature at the edge of the ice was

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 30% of the Earth's surface was covered by ice.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The mean annual temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene climate was marked by repeated glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continental glaciers pushed to the 40th parallel in some places.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 30% of the Earth's surface was covered by ice.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene climate was marked by repeated glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The mean annual temperature at the edge of the ice was ;

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a zone of permafrost

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene climate was marked by repeated glacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ; at the edge of the permafrost,.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice. In addition, a zone of permafrost

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The mean annual temperature at the edge of the ice

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: permafrost

text: According to NCAR senior climatologist Kevin E. Trenberth, "The answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be." Although NOAA meteorologist Martin Hoerling attributes Sandy to "little more than the coincidental alignment of a tropical storm with an extratropical storm", Trenberth does agree that the storm was caused by "natural variability" but adds that it was "enhanced by global warming". One factor contributing to the storm's strength was abnormally warm sea surface temperatures offshore the East Coast of the United States—more than  above normal, to which global warming had contributed . As the temperature of the atmosphere increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts.

text: According to

text: NCAR

text: senior climatologist

text: Kevin E. Trenberth

text: , "The answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by

text: climate change

text: is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be." Although

text: NOAA

text: meteorologist Martin Hoerling attributes Sandy to "little more than the coincidental alignment of a tropical storm with an extratropical storm", Trenberth does agree that the storm was caused by "natural variability" but adds that it was "enhanced by global warming". One factor contributing to the storm's strength was abnormally warm

text: sea surface temperatures

text: offshore the

text: East Coast of the United States

text: —more than  above normal, to which global warming had contributed . As the temperature of the atmosphere increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Sandy was caused by "natural variability"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does Trenberth believe is causing global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Trenberth believe is the cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming has contributed to the following:

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Sandy

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more than above normal

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural variability

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is the wrong question.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: States—more than above normal,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: stronger storms

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "natural variability"

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: All weather events

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extratropical storm",

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: As the temperature of the atmosphere increases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warmer and moister than it used to be."

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the capacity to hold water increases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warmer and moister than it used to be."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: All weather events are affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: stronger storms

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the capacity to hold water

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: stronger storms

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: As the temperature of the atmosphere increases,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: warmer and moister than it used to be."

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change is that it is the wrong question.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: wrong question.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: the capacity to hold water

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: States—more than above normal,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: abnormally warm sea surface temperatures offshore the East Coast of the United States—more

text: Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Public disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), how global climate change will play out at local and regional scales, and what the consequences of global warming will be.

text: Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the

text: instrumental temperature record

text: , whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether

text: human activities have contributed significantly to it

text: . Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Public disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (

text: climate sensitivity

text: ), how global climate change will play out at local and regional scales, and what the

text: consequences of global warming

text: will be.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it is without precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities have contributed significantly to it

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate sensitivity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not have precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the consequences of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is without precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How large changes in Earths climate will affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human activities have contributed significantly to it

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2000 years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: exceeds normal climatic variations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (climate sensitivity),

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: (climate sensitivity),

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase seen in the instrumental temperature record,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: what the consequences of global warming will be.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: (climate sensitivity),

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: it is without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: without precedent in at least 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2000 years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations,

text: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.

text: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of

text: global warming

text: because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each

text: climate forcing

text: , and so play an important part in determining the

text: climate sensitivity

text: and future

text: climate state

text: Feedback

text: in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first.

text: Positive feedback

text: amplifies the change in the first quantity while

text: negative feedback

text: reduces it.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are important in the understanding of global warming because

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a feedback process?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change feedback

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: feedback

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can amplify the effect of global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: negative feedback reduces it

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in a tropical ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a feedback process?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of feedback?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: How will global warming affect the weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: negative feedback reduces it

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: negative feedback reduces it

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: positive feedback reduces it

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: positive feedback

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: diminish the effect of each climate forcing,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change feedback

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: feedback

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change feedback

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change feedback

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: negative feedback reduces it.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: negative feedback reduces it.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: negative feedback reduces it.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change feedback

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: negative feedback reduces it.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: negative feedback

text: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change, but does not dispute that climate change itself is occurring. Rather, it says that human activities are not driving climate change, the amount of climate change is not catastrophic, and might be beneficial, and that the economic costs of trying to mitigate climate change exceed the benefits. According to the New York Times, Heartland is "the primary American organization pushing climate change skepticism." Heartland uses a characterization from The Economist, "the world’s most prominent think tank promoting skepticism about man-made climate change” as a banner on the main page of the environmental section of their website.

text: The Heartland Institute opposes the

text: scientific consensus on climate change

text: , but does not dispute that climate change itself is occurring. Rather, it says that human activities are not driving climate change, the amount of climate change is not catastrophic, and

text: might be beneficial

text: , and that the economic costs of trying to mitigate climate change exceed the benefits. According to the

text: New York Times

text: , Heartland is "the primary American organization pushing climate change skepticism." Heartland uses a characterization from The Economist, "the world’s most prominent think tank promoting skepticism about man-made climate change” as a banner on the main page of the environmental section of their website.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the amount of climate change is not catastrophic

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not catastrophic

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the Heartland Institute oppose?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the Heartland Institute oppose?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic costs of trying to mitigate climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not dispute that climate change itself is occurring

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the Heartland Institute oppose?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does the Heartland Institute oppose?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a benefit

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: beneficial,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the amount of climate change is not catastrophic, and might be beneficial,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Heartland Institute opposes the scientific consensus on climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activities are not driving climate change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: catastrophic, and might be beneficial,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the amount of climate change is not catastrophic,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: beneficial,

text: The Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) was the program responsible for coordinating and integrating research on global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.  Toward the end of that period, CCSP issued 21 separate climate assessment reports that addressed climate observations, changes in the atmosphere, expected climate change, impacts and adaptation, and risk management issues.  Shortly after President Obama took office, the program's name was changed to U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) which was also the program's name before 2002.  Nevertheless, the Obama Administration generally embraced the CCSP products as sound science providing a basis for climate policy. Because those reports were mostly issued after the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and in some cases focused specifically on the United States, they were generally viewed within the United States as having an importance and scientific credibility comparable to the IPCC assessments for the first few years of the Obama Administration.

text: The Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) was the program responsible for coordinating and integrating research on

text: global warming

text: by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.  Toward the end of that period, CCSP issued 21 separate climate assessment reports that addressed

entity_section: Observations and causes of climate change

text: climate observations

text: , changes in the atmosphere, expected climate change,

text: impacts and adaptation

text: , and risk management issues.  Shortly after President Obama took office, the program's name was changed to U.S.

text: Global Change Research Program

text: (USGCRP) which was also the program's name before 2002.  Nevertheless, the

text: Obama Administration

text: generally embraced the CCSP products as sound science providing a basis for climate policy. Because those reports were mostly issued after the

text: Fourth Assessment Report

text: of the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC), and in some cases focused specifically on the United States, they were generally viewed within the United States as having an importance and scientific credibility comparable to the IPCC assessments for the first few years of the Obama Administration.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Obama Administration generally embraced the CCSP products as sound science providing a basis for climate policy

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2002

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many separate climate assessment reports did CCSP issue?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the program responsible for coordinating and integrating research on global warming by U.S. government agencies?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: risk management issues

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the program responsible for coordinating and integrating research on global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many separate climate assessment reports did CCSP issue?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Climate Change Science Program last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the Obama Administration generally embrace the CCSP products as sound science?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: CCSP

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Fourth Assessment Report

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Obama Administration.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: risk management issues.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: expected climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming by U.S. government agencies from February 2002 to June 2009.

text: Climate Change by NOOR is a long-term group project that focuses on two issues. The first, ‘Consequences by NOOR’ is an eyewitness record of the devastating effects of climate change around the globe. Produced in the autumn of 2009, these visual reportages show not ‘what might happen’ in the future but what is happening right now, emphasizing the urgency of addressing the issues at stake.

text: Climate Change

text: by NOOR is a long-term group project that focuses on two issues. The first, ‘Consequences by NOOR’ is an eyewitness record of the devastating effects of climate change around the globe. Produced in the autumn of 2009, these visual reportages show not ‘what might happen’ in the future but what is happening right now, emphasizing the urgency of addressing the issues at stake.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ‘What might happen’ in the future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: around the globe

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: what might happen

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change by NOOR is a long-term group project

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What might happen in the future?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What is happening right now?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change around the globe

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change around the globe

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ‘what might happen’ in the future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ‘Consequences by NOOR’

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ‘what might happen’ in the future

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: devastating effects of climate change around the globe.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change around the globe.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Change by NOOR

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: devastating effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ‘Consequences by NOOR’

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2009,

text: The inhomogeneities are not always errors. This is seen most clear for stations affected by warming due to the urban heat island effect. From the perspective of global warming, such local effects are undesirable, but to study the influence of climate on health such measurements are fine. Other inhomogeneities are due to compromises that have to be made been ventilation and protection against the sun and wetting in the design of a weather shelter. Trying to reduce one type of error (for a certain weather condition) in the design will often lead to the more errors from the other factors. Meteorological measurements are not made in the laboratory. Small errors are inevitable and may not be relevant for meteorological purposes, but if such an error changes, it may well be an inhomogeneity for climatology.

text: The inhomogeneities are not always errors. This is seen most clear for stations affected by warming due to the urban heat island effect. From the perspective of global warming, such local effects are undesirable, but to study the influence of climate on health such measurements are fine. Other inhomogeneities are due to compromises that have to be made been ventilation and protection against the sun and wetting in the design of a weather shelter. Trying to reduce one type of error (for a certain weather condition) in the design will often lead to the more errors from the other factors. Meteorological measurements are not made in the laboratory. Small errors are inevitable and may not be relevant for meteorological purposes, but if such an error changes, it may well be an inhomogeneity for climatology.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are influenced by what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of error: ventilation and protection against the sun and wetting in the design of a weather shelter

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, such local effects are undesirable

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the urban heat island effect?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: inhomogeneities

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Would an enormous volcanic eruption increase Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: urban heat island effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: to study the influence of climate on health such measurements are fine.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ventilation and protection against the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: errors.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming due to the urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Small errors

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warming due to the urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The inhomogeneities

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: such local effects are undesirable,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The inhomogeneities are not always errors.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warming due to the urban heat island effect. From the perspective of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The inhomogeneities

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The inhomogeneities

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The inhomogeneities

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: inhomogeneity for climatology.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: warming due to the urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: urban heat island effect.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming due to the urban heat island effect.

text: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene, a clear correlation existed between marine regressions and episodes of glaciation; as the balance shifts between the global cryosphere and hydrosphere, more of the planet's water in ice sheets means less in the oceans. At the height of the last ice age, at around 18,000 years before the present, the global sea level was 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower than today. A cold spell around 6 million years ago was linked to an advance in glaciation, a marine regression, and the start of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean basin. Some major regressions of the past, however, seem unrelated to glaciation episodes — the regression that accompanied the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period being one example.

text: During the

text: ice age

text: s of the

text: Pleistocene

text: , a clear correlation existed between marine regressions and episodes of

text: glaciation

text: ; as the balance shifts between the global

text: cryosphere

text: and

text: hydrosphere

text: , more of the planet's water in ice sheets means less in the oceans. At the height of the last ice age, at around 18,000 years before the present, the global sea level was 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower than today. A cold spell around 6 million years ago was linked to an advance in glaciation, a marine regression, and the start of the

text: Messinian salinity crisis

text: in the

text: Mediterranean

text: basin. Some major regressions of the past, however, seem unrelated to glaciation episodes — the regression that accompanied the mass extinction at the end of the

text: Cretaceous Period

text: being one example.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global sea level was 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower than today

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: around 18,000 years before the present

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years before the present was the global sea level 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower than today?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the global sea level 120 to 130 m 390-425 ft lower than today?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: less in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: at the end of the Creistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean basin?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the last ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the last ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unrelated

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: a marine regression

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unrelated to glaciation episodes

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cold spell

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mass extinction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: marine regressions and episodes of glaciation;

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation;

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cold spell

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more of the planet's water in ice sheets means less

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cold spell

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cold spell

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: as the balance shifts between the global cryosphere and hydrosphere,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more of the planet's water in ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: as the balance shifts between the global cryosphere and hydrosphere,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: At the height of the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: more of the planet's water in ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheets means less in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: During the ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cold spell

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 120 to 130 m (390-425 ft) lower

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cold spell

text: Environmental changes such as deforestation could increase local temperatures in the highlands thus could enhance the vectorial capacity of the anopheles. Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of a number of diseases in the world, such as, malaria, lymphatic filariasis and viruses that can cause such ailments, like the O'nyong'nyong virus.Environmental changes, climate variability, and climate change are such factors that could affect biology and ecology of Anophelse vectors and their disease transmission potential. Climate change is expected to lead to latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases. Global warming projections indicate that the best estimate of surface air warming for a “high scenario” is 4 C, with a likely range of 2.4-6.4 C by 2100.A temperature increase of this size would alter the biology and the ecology of many mosquito vectors and the dynamics of the diseases they transmit such as malaria. Arthropods critically depend on ambient temperature for survival and development, and their distribution range is limited by the temperature. Climate warming or any factor that alters the microclimate conditions of Anopheles mosquitoes (e.g., deforestation) in the highlands may facilitate the persistence of the mosquito population. Climate warming can mediate mosquito physiology and metabolic rate because metabolic rate increases exponentially rather than linearly with temperature ectotherms. Anopheles mosquitoes in highland areas are to experience a larger shift in their metabolic rate due to the climate change. This climate change is due to the deforestation in the highland areas where these mosquitoes dwell. When temperature rises, the larvae take a shorter time to mature  and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring. Microclimatic changes in human homes caused by the effects of deforestation can also significantly shorten the duration of the mosquitoes' gonotrophic cycle by 1.7 days (4.6 vs 2.9 days) The gonotrophic cycle is the period between the taking of a blood meal by a mosquito, including the digestion of the blood meal, until oviposition or egg laying. The decrease of the gonotrophic cycles implies an increase of the biting frequency from an average of once every five days to once every three days. In turn this could potentially lead to an increase in malaria transmission when infected humans are available.

text: Environmental changes such as deforestation could increase local temperatures in the highlands thus could enhance the vectorial capacity of the

text: anopheles

text: Anopheles

text: mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of a number of diseases in the world, such as,

text: malaria

text: lymphatic filariasis

text: and viruses that can cause such ailments, like the

text: O'nyong'nyong virus

text: .Environmental changes,

text: climate variability

text: , and climate change are such factors that could affect biology and ecology of Anophelse

text: vectors

text: and their

text: disease transmission

text: potential. Climate change is expected to lead to latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases. Global warming projections indicate that the best estimate of surface air warming for a “high scenario” is 4 C, with a likely range of 2.4-6.4 C by 2100.A temperature increase of this size would alter the biology and the ecology of many mosquito vectors and the dynamics of the diseases they transmit such as malaria. Arthropods critically depend on ambient temperature for survival and development, and their distribution range is limited by the temperature. Climate warming or any factor that alters the

text: microclimate

text: conditions of Anopheles mosquitoes (e.g., deforestation) in the highlands may facilitate the persistence of the mosquito population. Climate warming can mediate mosquito

text: physiology

text: and

text: metabolic rate

text: because metabolic rate increases exponentially rather than linearly with temperature

text: ectotherms

text: . Anopheles mosquitoes in highland areas are to experience a larger shift in their metabolic rate due to the climate change. This climate change is due to the deforestation in the highland areas where these mosquitoes dwell. When temperature rises, the

text: larvae

text: take a shorter time to mature  and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring. Microclimatic changes in human homes caused by the effects of deforestation can also significantly shorten the duration of the mosquitoes' gonotrophic cycle by 1.7 days (4.6 vs 2.9 days) The gonotrophic cycle is the period between the taking of a blood meal by a mosquito, including the digestion of the blood meal, until

text: oviposition

text: or egg laying. The decrease of the gonotrophic cycles implies an increase of the biting frequency from an average of once every five days to once every three days. In turn this could potentially lead to an increase in malaria transmission when infected humans are available.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the larvae take a shorter time to mature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.4-6.4 C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and deforestation are all contributing to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: O'nyong'nyong virus

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could increase local temperatures in the highlands

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the best estimate of surface air warming for a “high scenario”?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2.4-6.4 C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.4-6.4 C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1.7 days

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human homes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a larger shift in their metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 1.7 days

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: the larvae take a shorter time to mature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2100.A

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Arthropods

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2100.A

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Anopheles mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 1.7 days

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the larvae take a shorter time to mature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2.4-6.4 C by 2100.A

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2100.A

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: gonotrophic cycle

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: gonotrophic cycle

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: metabolic rate increases exponentially rather than linearly

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: decrease

text: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced by poor and low-income communities around the world, who have much higher levels of vulnerability to environmental determinants of health, wealth and other factors, and much lower levels of capacity available for coping with environmental change. A report on the global human impact of climate change published by the Global Humanitarian Forum in 2009, estimated more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, and indicating that most climate change induced mortality is due to worsening floods and droughts in developing countries. This also raises questions of climate justice, since the 50 least developed countries of the world account for not more than 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

text: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced by poor and low-income communities around the world, who have much higher levels of vulnerability to environmental determinants of health,

text: wealth

text: and other factors, and much lower levels of capacity available for coping with environmental change. A report on the global human impact of climate change published by the

text: Global Humanitarian Forum

text: in 2009, estimated more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, and indicating that most climate change induced mortality is due to worsening floods and droughts in

text: developing countries

text: . This also raises questions of

text: climate justice

text: , since the 50 least developed countries of the world account for not more than 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the 50 least developed countries of the world account for not more than 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: about $125 billion

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases did the 50 least developed countries of the world account for?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change induced mortality

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poor and low-income communities

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many billion dollars in economic losses does climate change induced mortality result in each year?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an adverse effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: about $125 billion

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an adverse effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: worsening floods and droughts in developing countries.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 50 least developed countries

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change are experienced by poor and low-income communities around the world,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: worsening floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: $125 billion in economic losses each year,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: worsening floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: worsening floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The majority of the adverse effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 1% of worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: worsening floods and droughts

text: Mark Urban has contributed to our understanding of climate change effects on species and communities. He described the biotic multipliers of climate change, which are species both sensitive to climate change and with disproportionate effects on communities and ecosystems. These species are often top predators, and should be the ones to study first because they might have the greatest effects on other species. He also helped develop the boxcar effect, whereby species in cooler regions prevent species in warmer regions from tracking their preferred thermal environment through competition. Urban also showed that only evolution might be able to protect all diversity from climate change effects. He recently found that the extinction risk from global warming not only increases with warmer temperatures, but actually accelerates. His work suggests that if we follow a business-as-usual emissions climate change scenario, then 1 in 6 species could become threatened with extinction from climate change. He has suggested that we still know too little about how climate change is affecting nature and need renewed efforts to predict and mediate its effects.

text: Mark Urban has contributed to our understanding of climate change effects on species and communities. He described the biotic multipliers of climate change, which are species both sensitive to climate change and with disproportionate effects on communities and ecosystems. These species are often top predators, and should be the ones to study first because they might have the greatest effects on other species. He also helped develop the boxcar effect, whereby species in cooler regions prevent species in warmer regions from tracking their preferred thermal environment through competition. Urban also showed that only evolution might be able to protect all diversity from climate change effects. He recently found that the

text: extinction risk from global warming

text: not only increases with warmer temperatures, but actually accelerates. His work suggests that if we follow a business-as-usual emissions

text: climate change scenario

text: , then 1 in 6 species could become threatened with extinction from climate change. He has suggested that we still know too little about how climate change is affecting nature and need renewed efforts to predict and mediate its effects.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 1 in 6 species could become threatened with extinction from climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a biotic multiplier of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a species: top predators, boxcar effect, or evolution?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and the boxcar effect are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the boxcar effect

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a species: top predators, boxcar effect, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of the boxcar effect?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of the boxcar effect?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a biotic multiplier?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true of Mark Urban?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many species could become threatened with extinction from climate change?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not an example of the boxcar effect?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the biotic multipliers of climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a biotic multiplier?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the boxcar effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the boxcar effect

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: boxcar effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming not only increases with warmer temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the boxcar effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: evolution might be able to protect all diversity

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1 in 6

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: evolution might be able to protect all diversity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cooler regions prevent species in warmer regions from tracking their preferred thermal environment

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: species in cooler regions prevent species in warmer regions from tracking their preferred thermal environment

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooler regions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: extinction risk from global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extinction risk from global warming not only increases with warmer temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1 in 6

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biotic multipliers of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1 in 6

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: extinction risk from global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Mark Urban

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: boxcar effect,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warmer temperatures, but actually accelerates.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: boxcar effect,

text: Fatima Denton writes about topics including renewable energy, sustainable development, climate change, gender and climate change, climate change adaptation,  vulnerability,  food security and water and energy poverty.   She is a lead author for Working Group II's Fifth Assessment of the  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and for the IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN). She has served on a number of scientific committees including the Independent Science Panel (ISP) of the CGIAR Climate Change and Food Security Programme (CCAFS).

text: Fatima Denton writes about topics including

text: renewable energy

text: sustainable development

text: climate change

text: gender

text: and climate change,

text: climate change adaptation

text: vulnerability

text: food security

text: and water and

text: energy poverty

text: .   She is a lead author for Working Group II's Fifth Assessment of the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC), and for the IPCC Special Report on

entity_name: Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

text: Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

text: (SRREN). She has served on a number of scientific committees including the Independent Science Panel (ISP) of the

text: CGIAR

text: Climate Change and Food Security Programme (CCAFS).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: gender and climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Fatima Denton writes about topics including renewable energy, sustainable development, climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "SRREN" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: gender and climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What type of climate change is Fatima Denton writing about?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Fatima Denton writes about topics including renewable energy

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar storms

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: gender and climate change,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: renewable energy, sustainable development, climate change, gender and climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: gender and climate change, climate change adaptation, vulnerability, food security and water

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: water

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Fatima Denton

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: renewable energy, sustainable development, climate change, gender and climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: renewable energy, sustainable development, climate change, gender and climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change Mitigation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published several major assessments on the effects of global warming. Its most recent comprehensive impact assessment was published in 2014. Publications describing the effects of climate change have also been produced by the following organizations:

text: The

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) has published several major assessments on the effects of global warming. Its most recent comprehensive impact assessment was published in 2014. Publications describing the effects of climate change have also been produced by the following organizations:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published several major assessments on the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are areas of intense heat produced by the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2014.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2014.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2014.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: Marine cloud brightening is a proposed solar radiation management climate engineering technique that would make clouds brighter, reflecting a small fraction of incoming sunlight back into space in order to offset anthropogenic global warming. Along with stratospheric aerosol injection, it is one of the two solar radiation management methods that may most feasibly have a substantial climate impact.The intention is that increasing the Earth's albedo, in combination with greenhouse gas emissions reduction, carbon dioxide removal, and adaptation, would reduce climate change and its risks to people and the environment. If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly and to be reversible on fairly short time scales. However, technical barriers remain to large-scale marine cloud brightening. There are also risks with such modification of complex climate systems.

text: Marine cloud brightening is a proposed

text: solar radiation management

text: climate engineering

text: technique that would make

text: cloud

text: s brighter, reflecting a small fraction of

text: incoming sunlight

text: back into space in order to offset

text: anthropogenic global warming

text: . Along with

entity_name: Stratospheric sulfate aerosols (geoengineering)

text: stratospheric aerosol injection

text: , it is one of the two solar radiation management methods that may most feasibly have a substantial climate impact.The intention is that increasing the Earth's

text: albedo

text: , in combination with

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions reduction

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: , and

text: adaptation

text: , would reduce climate change and its

text: risks to people and the environment

text: . If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly and to be reversible on fairly short time scales. However, technical barriers remain to large-scale marine cloud brightening. There are also risks with such modification of complex climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly and to be reversible on fairly short time scales

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively short time scales

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the purpose of marine cloud brightening?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a solar radiation management method: marine cloud brightening, stratospheric aerosol injection, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions reduction, carbon dioxide removal, and adaptation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: marine cloud brightening

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would make clouds brighter

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is expected to be felt rapidly

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: If implemented, the cooling effect is expected to be felt rapidly

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas emissions reduction,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: incoming sunlight back into space in order to offset anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Marine cloud brightening

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: incoming sunlight back into space in order to offset anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: people

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Marine cloud brightening

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Marine cloud brightening

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: risks with such modification of complex climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon dioxide removal, and adaptation, would reduce climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: reversible on fairly short time scales.

text: The levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have increased dramatically since the late 19th century. Until the late 1970s, scientists were unable to determine to what degree human behavior contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases. However, since then, scientists have recognized that the Earth is unable to dispose of the increasing levels of carbon dioxide naturally through the carbon cycle.  As a result, excessive levels of carbon dioxide trap heat in the earth's atmosphere and cause global warming.  The global warming of the earth's surface creates climate change that affects humans in a variety of ways, including: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels, droughts, storms, and floods.

text: The levels of

text: carbon dioxide

text: and other

text: greenhouse gases

text: have increased dramatically since the late 19th century. Until the late 1970s, scientists were unable to determine to what degree human behavior contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases. However, since then, scientists have recognized that the Earth is unable to dispose of the increasing levels of

text: carbon dioxide

text: naturally through the

text: carbon cycle

text: .  As a result, excessive levels of

text: carbon dioxide

text: trap heat in the earth's atmosphere and cause

text: global warming

text: .  The global warming of the earth's surface creates climate change that affects humans in a variety of ways, including: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels, droughts, storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human behavior contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatically

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have increased dramatically since the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels, droughts, or storms?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How can humans contribute to the increase in greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human behavior

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar ice caps

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause polar ice caps to melt

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the melting of polar ice caps

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: global warming of the earth's surface?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: the melting of polar ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels, droughts, storms, and floods

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Droughts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of polar ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatically since the late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: excessive levels of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts, storms,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts, storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the melting of polar ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts, storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the melting of polar ice caps, increasing sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: polar ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increasing sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: storms,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: droughts, storms, and floods.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: polar ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of polar ice caps,

text: Adaptation is a response to global warming and climate change, that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social and biological systems to relatively sudden change and thus offset the effects of global warming. Even if emissions are stabilized relatively soon, global warming and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary to the resulting changes in climate. Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are predicted to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming. That is, the capacity and potential for humans to adapt (called adaptive capacity) is unevenly distributed across different regions and populations, and developing countries generally have less capacity to adapt (Schneider et al., 2007). Furthermore, the degree of adaptation correlates to the situational focus on environmental issues. Therefore, adaptation requires the situational assessment of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental impacts. Adaptive capacity is closely linked to social and economic development (IPCC, 2007). The economic costs of adaptation to climate change are likely to cost billions of dollars annually for the next several decades, though the amount of money needed is unknown. Donor countries promised an annual $100 billion by 2020 through the Green Climate Fund for developing countries to adapt to climate change. However, while the fund was set up during COP16 in Cancún, concrete pledges by developed countries have not been forthcoming. The adaptation challenge grows with the magnitude and the rate of climate change.

text: Adaptation is a response to

text: global warming

text: and

text: climate change

text: , that seeks to reduce the

text: vulnerability

text: of social and biological systems to relatively sudden change and thus offset the

text: effects of global warming

text: . Even if emissions are stabilized relatively soon, global warming and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary to the resulting changes in climate. Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are predicted to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming. That is, the capacity and potential for humans to adapt (called

text: adaptive capacity

text: ) is unevenly distributed across different regions and populations, and developing countries generally have less capacity to adapt (

text: Schneider

text: et al., 2007). Furthermore, the degree of adaptation correlates to the situational focus on environmental issues. Therefore, adaptation requires the situational assessment of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental impacts. Adaptive capacity is closely linked to

text: social

text: and

text: economic development

text: (IPCC, 2007). The economic costs of adaptation to climate change are likely to cost billions of dollars annually for the next several decades, though the amount of money needed is unknown. Donor countries promised an annual $100 billion by 2020 through the

text: Green Climate Fund

text: for developing countries to adapt to climate change. However, while the fund was set up during

text: COP16 in Cancún

text: , concrete pledges by developed countries have not been forthcoming. The adaptation challenge grows with the magnitude and the rate of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Adaptation is especially important in developing countries

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a response to global warming and climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a response to global warming and climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming and its effects will last many years, and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary to the resulting changes in climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a response to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Canc n

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a response to global warming and climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Adaptation is especially important in developing countries

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long will the effects of global warming last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: emissions are stabilized relatively soon,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: COP16

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: developing countries

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: COP16 in Canc<unk>n,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sudden change and thus offset the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Canc<unk>n,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The adaptation challenge grows with the magnitude and the rate of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adaptation will be necessary to the resulting changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming and its effects will last many years,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological systems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: $100 billion by 2020 through the Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: $100 billion by 2020 through the Green Climate Fund

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming and climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Adaptation is a response to global warming

text: According to a survey conducted IPCC WGI Co-Chairs and Technical Support Unit (TSU) on April 25, 2014, many of the polled authors stated that they saw the need for a better gender balance. This is reflected in the gender balance of contributors to the fifth IPCC assessment report. Only 27% of contributors to Working Group II, concerned with impacts, adaptation and vulnerability and 18,5% of contributors of Working Group I, concerned with the physical science basis, are female. This also applies to other organisation, as for example only 7% of leadership positions in the offices of National Weather Services are women. On a similar note, a study conducted by the University of Oxford in cooperation with the Nielsen Company found that 18 of the 22 ‘most influential spokespeople on climate change’ are male. Female spokespeople were neither politicians nor scientists and their direct connection to climate change is therefore doubtful. A list of prominent women scientists is available at Women in climate change.Some feminist scholars hold that the debate on climate change is not only dominated by men but also primarily shaped in ‘masculine’ principles, which limits discussions about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions. This perception of climate change hides subjectivity and power relations that actually condition climate change policy and science, leading to a phenomenon that Tuana terms ‘epistemic injustice’.Similarly, MacGregor criticizes the scientific discourse from a less quantitative perspective but focusses on discursive aspects. She attests that by framing climate change as an issue of ‘hard’ natural scientific conduct and natural security, it is kept within the traditional domains of hegemonic masculinity. Seager maintains that the 2 °C aim, which is a reoccurring topic in the climate change debate, is not, as often assumed, a safe goal for all people on the planet. Rather it will ensure the stability of a patriarchal capitalism and subsequently the continuity of power for those who are powerful today.

text: According to a survey conducted IPCC WGI Co-Chairs and Technical Support Unit (TSU) on April 25, 2014, many of the polled authors stated that they saw the need for a better gender balance. This is reflected in the gender balance of contributors to the fifth IPCC assessment report. Only 27% of contributors to Working Group II, concerned with impacts, adaptation and vulnerability and 18,5% of contributors of Working Group I, concerned with the physical science basis, are female. This also applies to other organisation, as for example only 7% of leadership positions in the offices of National Weather Services are women. On a similar note, a study conducted by the University of Oxford in cooperation with the Nielsen Company found that 18 of the 22 ‘most influential spokespeople on climate change’ are male. Female spokespeople were neither politicians nor scientists and their direct connection to climate change is therefore doubtful. A list of prominent women scientists is available at

text: Women in climate change

text: .Some feminist scholars hold that the debate on climate change is not only dominated by men but also primarily shaped in ‘masculine’ principles, which limits discussions about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions. This perception of climate change hides subjectivity and power relations that actually condition climate change policy and science, leading to a phenomenon that Tuana terms ‘epistemic injustice’.Similarly, MacGregor criticizes the scientific discourse from a less quantitative perspective but focusses on discursive aspects. She attests that by framing climate change as an issue of ‘hard’ natural scientific conduct and natural security, it is kept within the traditional domains of hegemonic masculinity. Seager maintains that the 2 °C aim, which is a reoccurring topic in the climate change debate, is not, as often assumed, a safe goal for all people on the planet. Rather it will ensure the stability of a patriarchal capitalism and subsequently the continuity of power for those who are powerful today.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Female spokespeople were neither politicians nor scientists

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Tuana term epistemic injustice?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2 °C aim

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many of the 22 ‘most influential spokespeople on climate change’ are male

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does MacGregor criticize?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does MacGregor criticize?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Tuana term epistemic injustice?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a safe goal for all people on the planet.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change hides subjectivity and power relations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 2 °

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ‘masculine’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: discussions about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ‘masculine’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: hegemonic masculinity.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ‘masculine’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: line’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: technical solutions.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ’ principles,

text: Small changes caused by global warming, such as a longer growing season, a more temperate climate and increased  concentrations, may benefit Australian crop agriculture and forestry in the short term. However, such benefits are unlikely to be sustained with increasingly severe effects of global warming. Changes in precipitation and consequent water management problems will further exacerbate Australia's current water availability and quality challenges, both for commercial and residential use.

text: Small changes caused by

text: global warming

text: , such as a longer growing season, a more temperate climate and increased  concentrations, may benefit Australian crop agriculture and forestry in the short term. However, such benefits are unlikely to be sustained with increasingly severe effects of global warming. Changes in precipitation and consequent water management problems will further exacerbate Australia's current water availability and quality challenges, both for commercial and residential use.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a longer growing season may benefit Australian crop agriculture and forestry in the short term

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the effects of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is caused by global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, may benefit Australian crop

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a longer growing season

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: commercial and residential use

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a longer growing season and a more temperate climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the short term benefit of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a longer growing season

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more temperate climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a longer growing season,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increased concentrations,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased concentrations,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased concentrations,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Changes in precipitation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Changes in precipitation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increasingly severe effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increasingly severe effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increasingly severe effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: a longer growing season, a more temperate climate and increased concentrations,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Small changes caused by global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: longer growing season,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: a longer growing season, a more temperate climate and increased concentrations,

text: Climate justice is a term used for framing global warming as an ethical and political issue, rather than one that is purely environmental or physical in nature. This is done by relating  the effects of climate change to concepts of justice, particularly environmental justice and social justice and by examining issues such as equality, human rights, collective rights, and the historical responsibilities for climate change. A fundamental proposition of climate justice is that those who are least responsible for climate change suffer its gravest consequences.Occasionally, the term is also used to mean actual legal action on climate change issues.

text: Climate justice is a term used for framing

text: global warming

text: as an

text: ethical

text: and

text: political

text: issue, rather than one that is purely environmental or physical in nature. This is done by relating  the effects of

text: climate change

text: to concepts of

text: justice

text: , particularly

text: environmental justice

text: and

text: social justice

text: and by examining issues such as

text: equality

text: human rights

text: collective rights

text: , and the historical responsibilities for

text: climate change

text: . A fundamental proposition of climate justice is that those who are least responsible for climate change suffer its gravest consequences.Occasionally, the term is also used to mean actual legal action on climate change issues.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: one that is purely environmental or physical in nature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a term used for framing global warming as an ethical and political issue

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term used for framing global warming as an ethical and political issue?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is an ethical and political issue

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate justice

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: environmental justice and social justice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does climate justice mean?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does climate justice mean?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate justice

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate justice

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate justice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate justice

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: purely environmental or physical in nature.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: equality, human rights, collective rights,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: those who are least responsible for climate change suffer its gravest consequences.Occasionally,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: those who are least responsible for climate change suffer its gravest consequences.Occasionally,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate justice is a term used for framing global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate justice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate justice is a term used for framing global warming

text: In 1988, the same year as the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand started developing policy for climate change. This was coordinated between agencies by the Ministry for the Environment. The Government asked the Royal Society of New Zealand to report on the scientific basis of climate change. A short report, 'Climate Change in New Zealand', was published in 1988 and the full report 'New Zealand Climate Report 1990' was published in 1989.

text: In 1988, the same year as the United Nations established the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: , the

text: Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

text: started developing policy for climate change. This was coordinated between agencies by the

entity_name: Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand)

text: Ministry for the Environment

text: . The Government asked the

text: Royal Society of New Zealand

text: to report on the scientific basis of climate change. A short report, 'Climate Change in New Zealand', was published in 1988 and the full report 'New Zealand Climate Report 1990' was published in 1989.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1988

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change did New Zealand start developing policy for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ministry for the Environment

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change did New Zealand start developing policy for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: New Zealand Climate Report 1990

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which happened first, the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the Ministry for the Environment started developing policy for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years after 1988 was the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or New Zealand Climate Report 1990 was published?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did the United Nations establish in 1988?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which happened first, the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the Ministry for the Environment started developing policy for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: New Zealand Climate Report 1990

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand started developing policy for climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1990'

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1988,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: New Zealand

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change, the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1988,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1990'

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 1988,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: New Zealand

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1990'

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1988,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1990'

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 1990'

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 1990'

text: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that "Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change."

text: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: 's (IPCC)

text: Fourth Assessment Report

text: states that "Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are directly contributed to further global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are positive feedbacks?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: contribute directly to further global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: irreversible

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: positive feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the rate and magnitude of the climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: irreversible

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: rate and magnitude

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: contribute directly to further global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "Anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: contribute directly to further global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: contribute directly to further global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rate and magnitude of the climate change."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: abrupt or irreversible,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: abrupt or irreversible,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Some observed and potential effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: positive feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: positive feedbacks,

text: McGregor's research focuses on paleoclimate, using fossilised coral to provide information on the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. Her research on ENSO and its impacts on climate have contributed to understanding how climate change will impact Australia and the world.

text: McGregor's research focuses on paleoclimate, using fossilised coral to provide information on the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. Her research on ENSO and its impacts on climate have contributed to understanding how climate change will impact Australia and the world.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: McGregor's research focuses on paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1840

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does ENSO stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and fossilised coral

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What does ENSO stand for?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: impacts on climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the El Nino Southern Oscillation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the El Nino Southern Oscillation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: McGregor

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: McGregor

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the El Nino Southern Oscillation?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: McGregor's research focuses on paleoclimate,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change will impact Australia and the world.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change will impact Australia and the world.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coral

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change will impact Australia and the world.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: paleoclimate,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: McGregor's research focuses on paleoclimate,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change will impact Australia and the world.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: paleoclimate,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Nino Southern Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

text: While Grove does support increasing evidence of human activity is causing global warming, he sees definite and conclusive evidence in the field of climate change as almost an impossibility. Nevertheless, his consideration of the problem in his 2010 paper leads him to the conclusion that despite this inherent uncertainty, the evidence that human activity is causing global warming is substantial, and that it is therefore 'safer to act, to mitigate and adapt with the aim of slowing down change'. In his work about Mediterranean Europe he doubts the common wisdom of a 'Lost Eden,' a formerly fertile region, that had been progressively degraded and desertified by human mismanagement.  The simplistic, environmental determinist notion of an Mediterranean Paradise on Earth in antiquity, which was destroyed by destructive later civilizations dates however back to at least the eighteenth century and was fashionable in archaeological and historical circles for centuries. However the authors argue that this believe stems from the failure of the recent landscape to measure up to the imaginary past as idealized by artists, poets and scientists of the early modern Enlightenment. Grove and Rackham tried to track the evolution of climate, vegetation and landscape in southern Europe from prehistoric times till present and point out that climate has usually been unstable and plant cover accommodated to various extremes and became resilient with regard to various patterns of human activity. The authors assume that people had already transformed most parts of Mediterranean Europe 4,000 years ago and the “humanization of the landscape” overlapped with the appearance of the present Mediterranean climate. In so far humanization was not the cause of climate change. To the contrary, the wide ecological diversity typical of Mediterranean Europe was man made. The greatest human induced changes came since World War II as rural populations throughout the region abandoned traditional subsistence economies and left the traditional agricultural patterns towards setting sceneries for travelers, which resulted in more monotonous, large-scale formations. As real threats to Mediterranean landscapes they see the overdevelopment of coastal areas, abandonment of mountains and the already mentioned loss of traditional acricultural occupations.

text: While Grove does support increasing evidence of human activity is causing global warming, he sees definite and conclusive evidence in the field of climate change as almost an impossibility. Nevertheless, his consideration of the problem in his 2010 paper leads him to the conclusion that despite this inherent uncertainty, the evidence that human activity is causing global warming is substantial, and that it is therefore 'safer to act, to mitigate and adapt with the aim of slowing down change'. In his work about Mediterranean Europe he doubts the common wisdom of a 'Lost Eden,' a formerly fertile region, that had been progressively degraded and desertified by human mismanagement.  The simplistic,

text: environmental determinist

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: definite and conclusive evidence

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by human activity: global warming, desertification, or human mismanagement?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: loss of traditional acricultural occupations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the greatest human induced changes came since World War II

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: overdevelopment of coastal areas

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the evidence that human activity is causing global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate has usually been unstable

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: prehistoric times

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: definite and conclusive evidence

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activity is causing global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 4,000 years

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: early modern Enlightenment.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The greatest human induced changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: overdevelopment of coastal areas,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 4,000

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human activity is causing global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: plant cover accommodated to various extremes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: early modern Enlightenment.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Grove and Rackham

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Grove and Rackham

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 'Lost Eden,'

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 'Lost Eden,'

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: humanization was not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: early modern Enlightenment.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: early modern Enlightenment.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: early modern Enlightenment.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extremes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: World War II

text: There are also forces external to Earth itself that affect Earth’s climate. Two examples of these external forces are meteors/asteroids becoming meteorites and striking the surface of the earth, and geomagnetic storms from the sun affecting the earth. Asteroids only about two kilometers in diameter, according to Young’s paper referencing original author Michael Paine, can cause craters in Earth’s surface about 40 kilometers in diameter. Such an impact could throw enormous quantities of dust into the sky, blocking out the sun and causing significant climate changes, somewhat similar in effect to a gigantic volcanic eruption. Among other things, meteorites striking Earth also “affect sea level, rainfall, temperature, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation”. Asteroids and meteors are not, however, the only external forces to affect Earth climate change. Variations in solar output can also bring about climate change on the Earth. More specifically, varying amounts of sun activity, including sunspots, solar flares, solar wind, and massive solar radiation, can all be grouped together as geomagnetic storms, which together, act to affect Earth’s climate. Our sun has a solar activity cycle of about 11 years. During which time, the sun gets sunspots, shoots off solar flares, and blasts earth with solar wind and geomagnetic activity. Despite the appearance that these events seem random, they do overall follow a fairly steady cycle of approximately 11 years. The difference in average solar irradiation received by the earth due to these ‘random’ events, though, is only about 0.1 percent. Overall, the total irradiation generated by the sun, and received by the earth is a major factor affecting Earth climate. The total solar irradiation received by Earth’s surface can be calculated mathematically. This can be done through the following equation:

text: There are also forces external to Earth itself that affect Earth’s climate. Two examples of these external forces are meteors/asteroids becoming

text: meteorites

text: and striking the surface of the earth, and geomagnetic storms from the sun affecting the earth. Asteroids only about two kilometers in diameter, according to Young’s paper referencing original author Michael Paine, can cause craters in Earth’s surface about 40 kilometers in diameter. Such an impact could throw enormous quantities of dust into the sky, blocking out the sun and causing significant climate changes, somewhat similar in effect to a gigantic volcanic eruption. Among other things, meteorites striking Earth also “affect sea level, rainfall, temperature, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation”. Asteroids and meteors are not, however, the only external forces to affect Earth climate change. Variations in solar output can also bring about climate change on the Earth. More specifically, varying amounts of

text: sun activity

text: , including

text: sunspots

text: solar flares

text: solar wind

text: , and massive

text: solar radiation

text: , can all be grouped together as geomagnetic storms, which together, act to affect Earth’s climate. Our sun has a solar activity cycle of about 11 years. During which time, the sun gets sunspots, shoots off solar flares, and blasts earth with solar wind and

text: geomagnetic activity

text: . Despite the appearance that these events seem random, they do overall follow a fairly steady cycle of approximately 11 years. The difference in average solar irradiation received by the earth due to these ‘random’ events, though, is only about 0.1 percent. Overall, the total irradiation generated by the sun, and received by the earth is a major factor affecting Earth climate. The total solar irradiation received by Earth’s surface can be calculated mathematically. This can be done through the following equation:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The difference in average solar irradiation received by the earth due to these ‘random’ events is only about 0.1 percent

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: about 0.1 percent

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 11 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major factor affecting Earth’s climate.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a major cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change that occurs when the oceans warm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the sun gets sunspots

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the difference in average solar irradiation received by the earth due to these ‘random’ events, though?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Earth’s temperature will increase.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not an example of an external force affecting Earth’s climate?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Why is the amount of carbon dioxide in the air increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Earth’s climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.1 percent

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ‘random’

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.1 percent.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the total irradiation generated by the sun,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: the total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: varying amounts of sun activity,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: a major factor affecting Earth climate.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the total irradiation generated by the sun,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruption.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: a major factor affecting Earth climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: blasts earth with solar wind and geomagnetic activity.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Earth climate.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: total irradiation generated by the sun,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Variations in solar output

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: causing significant climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.1 percent.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the total irradiation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.1 percent.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: total irradiation

text: Climate change is global environmental issue at the top of the international agenda. Despite opposition, its effects have been researched and substantiated by many scientists worldwide, including but not limited to the UNFCCC and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Current trends indicate that the Earth's climate will increase by an average of 4 °C by the year 2050. In Kuwait, researchers have concluded that current trends of activity in the region, mainly stemming from Kuwait's oil production, can cause a 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035 if no mitigation occurs.

text: Climate change is global environmental issue at the top of the international agenda. Despite opposition, its effects have been researched and substantiated by many scientists worldwide, including but not limited to the UNFCCC and the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC). Current trends indicate that the Earth's climate will increase by an average of 4 °C by the year 2050. In Kuwait, researchers have concluded that current trends of activity in the region, mainly stemming from Kuwait's oil production, can cause a 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035 if no mitigation occurs.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Earth's climate will increase by an average of 4 °C by the year 2050

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: an average of 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2035

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many degrees Celsius will the Earth's climate increase by the year 2050?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "IPCC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Kuwait's oil production, can cause a 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oil production

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a 1.6°C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many °C increase in climate regionally by 2035?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global environmental issue at the top of the international agenda?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no mitigation occurs

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2035

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Kuwait's oil production,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kuwait's oil production,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kuwait's oil production,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the Earth's climate will increase by an average of 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 4 °C by the year 2050.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the Earth's climate will increase by an average of 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 4 °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 1.6 °C increase in climate regionally by 2035

text: In 2014, Bart Verheggen of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency surveyed 1,868 climate scientists. They found that 90% of those surveyed with more than 10 peer-reviewed papers related to climate agreed that human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

text: In 2014, Bart Verheggen of the

entity_name: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

text: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

text: surveyed 1,868 climate scientists. They found that 90% of those surveyed with more than 10 peer-reviewed papers related to climate agreed that human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human production of greenhouse gases is not the main cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases is the main cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human production of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 90% of those surveyed with more than 10 peer-reviewed papers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency surveyed 1,868 climate scientists.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency surveyed 1,868 climate scientists.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 90%

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human production of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human production of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human production of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: In 2014, Bart Verheggen of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: In 2014, Bart Verheggen of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: In 2014, Bart Verheggen of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human production of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: In 2014,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: human production of greenhouse gases was the main cause of global warming.

text: The gradual accumulation of ice on the Laurentide ice sheet led to a gradual increase in its mass, as the "binge phase". Once the sheet reached a critical mass, the soft, unconsolidated sub-glacial sediment formed a "slippery lubricant" over which the ice sheet slid, in the "purge phase", lasting around 750 years. The original model (MacAyeal, 1993) proposed that geothermal heat caused the sub-glacial sediment to thaw once the ice volume was large enough to prevent the escape of heat into the atmosphere. The mathematics of the system are consistent with a 7,000-year periodicity, similar to that observed if H3 and H6 are indeed Heinrich events (Sarnthein et al. 2001). However, if H3 and H6 are not Heinrich events, the Binge-Purge model loses credibility, as the predicted periodicity is key to its assumptions.It may also appear suspect because similar events are not observed in other ice ages (Hemming 2004), although this may be due to the lack of high-resolution sediments.In addition, the model predicts that the reduced size of ice sheets during the Pleistocene should reduce the size, impact and frequency of Heinrich events, which is not reflected by the evidence.

text: The gradual accumulation of ice on the Laurentide ice sheet led to a gradual increase in its mass, as the "binge phase". Once the sheet reached a critical mass, the soft, unconsolidated sub-glacial sediment formed a "slippery lubricant" over which the ice sheet slid, in the "purge phase", lasting around 750 years. The original model (MacAyeal, 1993) proposed that

text: geothermal

text: heat caused the sub-glacial sediment to thaw once the ice volume was large enough to prevent the escape of heat into the atmosphere. The mathematics of the system are consistent with a 7,000-year periodicity, similar to that observed if H3 and H6 are indeed Heinrich events (Sarnthein et al. 2001). However, if H3 and H6 are not Heinrich events, the Binge-Purge model loses credibility, as the predicted periodicity is key to its assumptions.It may also appear suspect because similar events are not observed in other ice ages (Hemming 2004), although this may be due to the lack of high-resolution sediments.In addition, the model predicts that the reduced size of ice sheets during the

text: Pleistocene

text: should reduce the size, impact and frequency of Heinrich events, which is not reflected by the evidence.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: reduced size of ice sheets during the Pleistocene should reduce the size, impact and frequency of Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: H3

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are not reflected in other ice ages

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the gradual accumulation of ice?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the "binge phase"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the "purge phase" last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: gradual accumulation of ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the "purge phase" last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the "purge phase" last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: H6

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: reduce the size, impact and frequency of Heinrich events,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 7,000-year

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Heinrich events,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: heat into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: H3 and H6

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The gradual accumulation of ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Laurentide ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: heat into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 7,000-year periodicity,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The gradual accumulation of ice

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: heat into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 7,000-year periodicity,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The gradual accumulation of ice

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Laurentide

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 7,000-year periodicity,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The gradual accumulation of ice

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 7,000-year periodicity,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: H3 and H6 are indeed Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 7,000-year periodicity,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: H3 and H6

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Heinrich events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 750 years.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thaw

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "binge phase".

text: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change as an afterword. In the "Author's message", Crichton states that the cause, extent, and threat of climate change is largely unknown and unknowable. He finishes by endorsing the management of wilderness and the continuation of research into all aspects of the Earth's environment.

text: Crichton included a statement of his views on global

text: climate change

text: as an afterword. In the "Author's message", Crichton states that the cause, extent, and threat of climate change is largely unknown and unknowable. He finishes by endorsing the management of wilderness and the continuation of research into all aspects of the

text: Earth

text: 's environment.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the cause, extent, and threat of climate change is largely unknown

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are unknowable

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an aspect of the Earth's environment: wilderness and the continuation of research?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What does Crichton believe is the cause of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the cause of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unknowable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wilderness

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: largely unknown and unknowable.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Crichton

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Crichton included a statement of his views on global climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Crichton

text: In 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that bees, butterflies and other pollinators faced increased risk of extinction because of global warming due to alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species. Climate change was causing bees to emerge at different times in the year when flowering plants were not available.

text: In 2014 the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: reported that bees, butterflies and other pollinators faced increased risk of extinction because of

text: global warming

text: due to alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species. Climate change was causing bees to emerge at different times in the year when flowering plants were not available.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that bees, butterflies and other pollinators faced increased risk of extinction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are causing global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bee: bees, butterflies or flowers?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: bees

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: (iii).

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: flowering plants were not available.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extinction because of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: bees,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: flowering plants were not available.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: In 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: extinction because of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: alterations in the seasonal behaviour of species.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates. Since direct observations of climate are not available before the 19th century, paleoclimates are inferred from proxy variables that include non-biotic evidence such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores, and biotic evidence such as tree rings and coral. Climate models are mathematical models of past, present and future climates. Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is discussed in global warming. Global warming results in redistributions. For example, "a 3

text: Paleoclimatology

text: is the study of ancient climates. Since direct observations of climate are not available before the 19th century, paleoclimates are inferred from

text: proxy variables

text: that include non-biotic evidence such as sediments found in

text: lake beds

text: and

text: ice core

text: s, and biotic evidence such as

text: tree rings

text: and coral.

text: Climate model

text: s are mathematical models of past, present and future climates.

text: Climate change

text: may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is discussed in

text: global warming

text: . Global warming results in redistributions. For example, "a 3

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: direct observations of climate are not available before the 19th century

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the 19th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are discussed in global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are a type of

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming results in redistributions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: non-biotic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: coral

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a climate change that occurs over long and short timescales

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: redistributions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: over long timescales

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long timescale

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Redistributions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long timescale

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Paleoclimatology

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Redistribution

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is the difference

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "a 3

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19th century,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: redistributions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice cores,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change may occur over long and short timescales

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change may occur over long and short timescales

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change may occur over long and short timescales

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: redistributions.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Global warming results in redistributions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: paleoclimates

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: recent warming is discussed in global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming results in redistributions.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: recent warming is discussed in global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: recent warming is discussed in global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: recent warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Paleoclimatology

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice cores,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: recent warming

text: The effects of global warming on marine mammals are of growing concern. The effects can be both direct; like loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather, and indirect; like changes in host pathogen associations, changes in body condition because of predator–prey interaction, changed in exposure to toxins, and increased human interactions. All of these are effects that are predicted that the marine mammals are living with because of the rapid climate change. The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is thought to be the main cause of climate change or global warming. Exactly how this will affect the ocean, which is home to marine mammals, is hard to predict since there are many factors, such as weather events and salinity that affect ocean ecosystems. How all these will interact is highly unpredictable. Using global climate models (GCM)s, scientists can get a general idea of how climate change will impact the ocean environment in the future.

text: The

text: effects of global warming

text: on

text: marine mammals

text: are of growing concern. The effects can be both direct; like loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather, and indirect; like changes in host pathogen associations, changes in body condition because of predator–prey interaction, changed in exposure to toxins, and increased human interactions. All of these are effects that are predicted that the marine mammals are living with because of the rapid climate change. The increase of

text: carbon dioxide

text: and other

text: greenhouse gases

text: into the atmosphere is thought to be the main cause of

text: climate change

text: or

text: global warming

text: . Exactly how this will affect the ocean, which is home to marine mammals, is hard to predict since there are many factors, such as weather events and salinity that affect ocean ecosystems. How all these will interact is highly unpredictable. Using

text: global climate model

text: s (GCM)s, scientists can get a general idea of how climate change will impact the ocean environment in the future.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: marine mammals are of growing concern

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are thought to be the main cause of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming: loss of habitat, temperature stress, or exposure to severe weather?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: loss of habitat

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect ocean ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: loss of habitat

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How are the effects of global warming on marine mammals of growing concern?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Exposure to severe weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: loss of habitat

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: salinity

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: marine mammals

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The increase of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: weather,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased human interactions.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: weather,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate models

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: exposure to severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global climate models

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: rapid climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global climate models

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global climate models

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: salinity

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature stress,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: The 100,000-year problem is that the eccentricity variations have a significantly smaller impact on solar forcing than precession or obliquity – according to theory – and hence might be expected to produce the weakest effects.However, the greatest observed response in regard to the ice ages is at the 100,000-year timescale, even though the theoretical forcing is smaller at this scale.During the last 1 million years, the strongest climate signal is the 100,000-year cycle. In addition, despite the relatively great 100,000-year cycle, some have argued that the length of the climate record is insufficient to establish a statistically significant relationship between climate and eccentricity variations. Various explanations for this discrepancy have been proposed, including frequency modulation or various feedbacks (from carbon dioxide, cosmic rays, or from ice sheet dynamics).Some models can reproduce the 100,000-year cycles as a result of non-linear interactions between small changes in the Earth's orbit and internal oscillations of the climate system.

text: The 100,000-year problem is that the eccentricity variations have a significantly smaller impact on solar forcing than precession or obliquity – according to theory – and hence might be expected to produce the weakest effects.However, the greatest observed response in regard to the

text: ice age

text: s is at the 100,000-year timescale, even though the theoretical forcing is smaller at this scale.During the last 1 million years, the strongest climate signal is the 100,000-year cycle. In addition, despite the relatively great 100,000-year cycle, some have argued that the length of the climate record is insufficient to establish a statistically significant relationship between climate and eccentricity variations. Various explanations for this discrepancy have been proposed, including frequency modulation or various feedbacks (from

text: carbon dioxide

text: cosmic ray

text: s, or from

text: ice sheet dynamics

text: ).Some models can reproduce the 100,000-year cycles as a result of non-linear interactions between small changes in the Earth's orbit and internal oscillations of the climate system.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the strongest climate signal is the 100,000-year cycle

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide, cosmic rays, or from ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is the strongest climate signal during the last 1 million years

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last 1 million years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the strongest climate signal?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 100000-year

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: obliquity

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: various feedbacks

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: smaller impact on solar forcing than precession or obliquity

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: small changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: small changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 100,000-year timescale,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice sheet dynamics).Some

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: precession or obliquity

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The 100,000-year

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar forcing than precession or obliquity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: eccentricity variations have a significantly smaller impact on solar forcing

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: The effects of global warming include effects on human health. The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.  This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.

text: The

text: effects of global warming

text: include effects on human health. The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.  This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human health will not be affected by global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: effects on human health

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up between O C.E. and 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect human health?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: During the last ice age, glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period was a time when temperatures were higher than they have been over the past decade.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase because of

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Solar storms are the main cause of recent global warming.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary Period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human health.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate related impacts

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: effects on human health.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The effects of global warming include effects on human health.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming is hypothesized to follow a tipping point in the climate system, after accumulated climate change initiates a reinforcing positive feedback.   This is thought to cause the climate to rapidly change until it reaches a new stable condition.  These phrases may be used with reference to concerns about rapid global warming. Some astronomers use the expression runaway greenhouse effect to describe a situation where the climate deviates catastrophically and permanently from the original state—as happened on Venus.

text: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming is hypothesized to follow a

text: tipping point

text: in the

text: climate system

text: , after accumulated

text: climate change

text: initiates a reinforcing

text: positive feedback

text: .   This is thought to cause the climate to rapidly change until it reaches a new stable condition.  These phrases may be used with reference to concerns about rapid

text: global warming

text: . Some astronomers use the expression runaway

text: greenhouse effect

text: to describe a situation where the climate deviates catastrophically and permanently from the original state—as happened on

text: Venus

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a situation where the climate deviates catastrophically and permanently from the original state

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: negative feedback

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is runaway climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is runaway climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is runaway climate change or runaway global warming?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: deviates catastrophically

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: accumulated climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate to rapidly change until it reaches a new stable condition.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: accumulated climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Runaway climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runaway global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the climate deviates catastrophically and permanently from the original state—as

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Runaway climate change or runaway global warming

text: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups" (WG) covering a section of the climate change (global warming) topic:

text: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups" (WG) covering a section of the

text: climate change

text: global warming

text: ) topic:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is caused by human activities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global temperature has risen by 1.8°C

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The IPCC's Working Group on Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO2 emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a Working Group?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What causes climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 Working Groups:

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming projections

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What causes ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The IPCC's Working Group on Climate Change (WGCC) is responsible for evaluating the effects of climate change on the Earth.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Working Group on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pacific Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pacific Ocean cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The IPCC

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: (global warming)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The IPCC is divided into 3 "Working Groups"

text: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities. Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, according to the Stern Review and others, due partially to the importance of its agricultural sector and the prominence of its coast.

text: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that

text: global warming

text: will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities. Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to

text: climate change

text: , according to the

text: Stern Review

text: and others, due partially to the importance of its

text: agricultural

text: sector and the prominence of its coast.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: global warming, agriculture, or the prominence of its coast?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a negative impact on Australia's climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for Australia to be vulnerable to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: agricultural sector

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: agricultural sector

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Predictions measuring the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.

text: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on

text: climate change policies

text: and

text: social development

text: . The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (

text: climate change mitigation

text: ) and

text: adapting to the impacts

text: of climate change.

text: Geoengineering

text: is another policy option.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Geoengineering is not a policy option.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a policy option: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions or adapting to the impacts of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a policy option: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) or adapting to the impacts of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change mitigation, and geoengineering are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a negative impact on the oceans

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a policy option: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions or adapting to the impacts of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a policy option: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) or geoengineering?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change mitigation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of policy option?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change mitigation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change mitigation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: reducing human greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Geoengineering

text: The climate gap refers to a body of data indicating disparities in how climate change impacts various racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups in the United States. The data show that low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities will experience more negative health and economic impacts from the results of climate change than other populations in the United States. This term, climate gap, was first used in the May 2009 report, “The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap”, as well as in a concurrent paper published in the journal, Environmental Justice, by Seth B. Shonkoff, Rachel Morello-Frosch and colleagues entitled, "Minding the Climate Gap: Implications of Environmental Health Inequities for Mitigation Policies in California".

text: The climate gap refers to a body of data indicating disparities in how climate change impacts various racial, ethnic and

text: socioeconomic

text: groups in the United States. The data show that low

text: socioeconomic status

text: groups and racial and ethnic minorities will experience more negative health and economic impacts from the results of climate change than other populations in the United States. This term, climate gap, was first used in the May 2009 report, “The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap”, as well as in a concurrent paper published in the journal, Environmental Justice, by Seth B. Shonkoff, Rachel Morello-Frosch and colleagues entitled, "Minding the Climate Gap: Implications of Environmental Health Inequities for Mitigation Policies in California".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities will experience more positive health and economic impacts from the results of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What do low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities experience?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a group: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What causes climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: low socioeconomic status

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change impacts various racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the climate gap refer to?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does the climate gap refer to?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: How to Close the Gap

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: low socioeconomic status groups

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: racial and ethnic minorities will experience more negative health and economic impacts

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: California".

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: negative health and economic impacts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: States.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: low socioeconomic status groups

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change impacts various racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: low socioeconomic status groups

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: States.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: low socioeconomic status groups

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The climate gap

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change impacts various racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: low socioeconomic status groups and racial and ethnic minorities

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The climate gap

text: Laudato siList of climate scientists - List of geoengineering topics -List of ministers of climate change -List of proposed geoengineering projects -List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming -Little Ice Age -Long-term effects of global warming - Low-carbon emission

text: Laudato si

text: List of climate scientists

text: List of geoengineering topics

text: List of ministers of climate change

text: List of proposed geoengineering projects

text: List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

text: Little Ice Age

text: Long-term effects of global warming

text: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: List of sunspots

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia occurs

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: List of proposed geoengineering projects

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Low-carbon emission

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: List of ministers of climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Laudato siList of climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: geoengineering topics -List of ministers of climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: -Long-term effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: List of geoengineering topics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming -Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -Little Ice Age

text: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has organized many of the risks of climate change into five "reasons for concern." The reasons for concern show that these risks increase with increases in the Earth's global mean temperature (i.e., global warming). The IPCC's five reasons for concern are: threats to endangered species and unique systems, damages from extreme climate events, effects that fall most heavily on developing countries and the poor within countries, global aggregate impacts (i.e., various measurements of total social, economic and ecological impacts), and large-scale high-impact events. The five reasons for concern are described in more detail below. The following descriptions are based on information from the IPCC's Third (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4), published in 2001 and 2007, respectively.

text: The

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) has organized many of the risks of

text: climate change

text: into five "reasons for concern." The reasons for concern show that these risks increase with increases in the Earth's global mean temperature (i.e.,

text: global warming

text: ). The IPCC's five reasons for concern are: threats to endangered species and unique systems, damages from extreme climate events, effects that fall most heavily on developing countries and the poor within countries, global aggregate impacts (i.e., various measurements of total social, economic and ecological impacts), and large-scale high-impact events. The five reasons for concern are described in more detail below. The following descriptions are based on information from the IPCC's

text: Third (TAR)

text: and

text: Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4)

text: , published in 2001 and 2007, respectively.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the IPCC's five reasons for concern

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for concern: threats to endangered species and unique systems

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for concern: damages from extreme climate events, effects that fall most heavily on developing countries and the poor within countries, or global aggregate impacts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Aggregate Impacts, and Large-Scale High-Impact Events

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the reasons for concern?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How many reasons for concern are there?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: large-scale high-impact events

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: large-scale high-impact events

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The IPCC's

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: damages from extreme climate events

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001 and 2007,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: developing countries and the poor within countries,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: damages from extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: damages from extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large-scale high-impact events.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Third (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4),

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Third (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4),

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Third (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4),

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: large-scale high-impact events.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extreme climate events,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: increases in the Earth's global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global mean temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extreme climate events,

text: Climate change is one of the most heavily discussed topics around the world today, both politically and scientifically. The climate that Earth is currently experiencing has been steadily changing over time due to both natural causes and human exploitation. Climate change has the potential to be detrimental to wildlife across the world, whether that be through rising sea levels, changes in temperatures through the years, or deforestation. These are just a few of the examples of the contributing factors to climate change.

text: Climate change

text: is one of the most heavily discussed topics around the world today, both politically and scientifically. The climate that Earth is currently experiencing has been steadily changing over time due to both natural causes and human exploitation. Climate change has the potential to be detrimental to wildlife across the world, whether that be through rising sea levels, changes in temperatures through the years, or

text: deforestation

text: . These are just a few of the examples of the contributing factors to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human exploitation is the only cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: steadily

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Earth was formed

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a contributing factor to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to climate change: natural causes, human exploitation, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation, and climate change are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human exploitation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a negative impact on the oceans

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to climate change: natural causes or human exploitation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change be detrimental to wildlife?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a natural cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: how would climate change be detrimental to wildlife?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a contributing factor to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wildlife across the world,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: steadily changing over time

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural causes and human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildlife

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: changes in temperatures through the years,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: steadily changing over time due to both natural causes and human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change has the potential to be detrimental to wildlife across the world,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change has the potential to be detrimental to wildlife

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural causes and human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: steadily changing over time due to both natural causes and human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: steadily changing over time due to both natural causes and human exploitation.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The climate that Earth is currently experiencing has been steadily changing over time

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: rising sea levels,

text: In an 8400-word official judgement issued on 21 July 2008 the British media regulator Ofcom declared that the final part of the film dealing with the politics of climate change had broken rules on "due impartiality on matters of major political and industrial controversy and major matters relating to current public policy". Ofcom also backed complaints by Sir David King, stating that his views were misrepresented, and Carl Wunsch, on the points that he had been misled as to its intent, and that the impression had been given that he agreed with the programme's position on climate change. Ofcom further ruled that the IPCC had not been given an adequate chance to respond to adverse claims that its work was politicised and that it had made misleading claims about malaria. However, the regulator said that because "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007", in parts 1–4 the audience was not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence". According to Ofcom the program caused no harm because "the discussion about the causes of global warming was to a very great extent settled by the date of broadcast", meaning that climate change was no longer a matter of political controversy.

text: In an 8400-word official judgement issued on 21 July 2008 the British media regulator

text: Ofcom

text: declared that the final part of the film dealing with the politics of climate change had broken rules on "due impartiality on matters of major political and industrial controversy and major matters relating to current public policy". Ofcom also backed complaints by Sir

text: David King

text: , stating that his views were misrepresented, and

text: Carl Wunsch

text: , on the points that he had been misled as to its intent, and that the impression had been given that he agreed with the programme's position on climate change. Ofcom further ruled that the IPCC had not been given an adequate chance to respond to adverse claims that its work was politicised and that it had made misleading claims about

text: malaria

text: . However, the regulator said that because "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007", in parts 1–4 the audience was not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence". According to Ofcom the program caused no harm because "the discussion about the causes of global warming was to a very great extent settled by the date of broadcast", meaning that climate change was no longer a matter of political controversy.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: to a very great extent

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: March 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: were settled before March 2007

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: human activity, global warming, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change film?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in parts 1–4

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the link between human activity and global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main idea of the film?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming was to a very great extent settled by the date

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change was no longer a matter of political controversy.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: malaria.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: malaria.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: malaria.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 8400-word official judgement issued on 21 July 2008

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007",

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change was no longer a matter of political controversy.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming...

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 8400-word official judgement issued on 21 July 2008

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change was no longer a matter of political controversy.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 8400-word official judgement issued on 21 July 2008

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2007",

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007",

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming...

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007",

text: Flannery is an advisor on climate change to outgoing South Australian Premier Mike Rann, and is a member of the Queensland Climate Change Council established by the Queensland Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara. In February 2011 it was announced that Flannery had been appointed to head the Climate Change Commission established by Prime Minister Julia Gillard to explain climate change and the need for a carbon price to the public.

text: Flannery is an advisor on climate change to outgoing South Australian Premier

text: Mike Rann

text: , and is a member of the Queensland Climate Change Council established by the Queensland Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation

text: Andrew McNamara

text: . In February 2011 it was announced that Flannery had been appointed to head the Climate Change Commission established by Prime Minister

text: Julia Gillard

text: to explain climate change and the need for a

text: carbon price

text: to the public.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Flannery is an advisor on climate change to outgoing South Australian Premier Mike Rann

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does Flannery believe is the cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is Flannery's profession?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon price

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years has Flannery been an advisor on climate change to South Australian Premier Mike Rann?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does Flannery feel about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: outgoing South Australian Premier Mike Rann,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: carbon price

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon price

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon price

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon price

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change and the need for a carbon price

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Flannery

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

text: The main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial cycles in Earth history, studied from climate proxies. The climate system is responding to the current climate forcing and adjusts following climate sensitivity to reach a climate equilibrium, Earth's energy balance. Model simulations suggest that the current interglacial climate state will continue for at least another 100,000 years, due to  emissions - including complete deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.

text: The main climate state change is between periodical

text: glacial

text: and

text: interglacial

text: cycles in Earth history, studied from

text: climate proxies

text: . The climate system is responding to the current

text: climate forcing

text: and adjusts following

text: climate sensitivity

text: to reach a

entity_section: Equilibrium and transient climate sensitivity

text: climate equilibrium

text: Earth's energy balance

text: . Model simulations suggest that the current interglacial climate state will continue for at least another 100,000 years, due to  emissions - including complete

text: deglaciation

text: of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: complete deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main climate state change between periodical glacial and interglacial cycles?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main climate state change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: complete deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 100,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Earth's energy balance.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate proxies.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The climate system is responding to the current climate forcing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate proxies.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: glacial and interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The climate system is responding to the current climate forcing

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 100,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The climate system is responding to the current climate forcing

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 100,000 years,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earth's energy balance.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Earth's energy balance.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacial and interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial and interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: deglaciation

text: The tundra is one of the first places on Earth we have noted the effects of climate change. As an indicator biome, the tundra is a crucial part of the whole global climate system and can help predict the changes the rest of the world will face. The Earth depends on regulating mechanisms and air circulation patterns the tundra provides to keep climates steady worldwide. Human-induced climate change is devastating the tundra because intense complications are present in remote areas, free from human interference. Changes in climate, permafrost, ice pack, and glacier formations pose a serious threat to the stability of global climate because these conditions are influenced and reinforced by positive feedback loops. Temperatures in the tundra are rising to the highest temperatures recorded in four centuries and are rising more rapidly than anywhere worldwide The land surfaces in the tundra are no longer reflecting radiation from the sun out of the atmosphere. Soils and open water are absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming. Changes in the tundra influence climate change in lower latitudes because air pressure changes are shifting global air and ocean circulation patterns. Sea ice extent in the tundra has reached lowest recorded levels in centuries and this will dramatically affect people and wildlife worldwide. Changes in climate will be noticed first and seen most intensely in the northern regions of the planet. The tundra will show effects from climate change the soonest and will hopefully serve as a catalyst for action for people all over the world.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human-induced climate change is devastating the tundra because intense complications are present in remote areas, free of human interference

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 4000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of human-induced climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an indicator biome: permafrost, ice pack, or glacier formations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not an example of human-induced climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Sea ice extent

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not an indicator biome: permafrost, ice pack, or glacier formation?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a positive feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many centuries has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is true of the tundra?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many centuries have passed since the Pleistocene Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a type of biome: tundra, ice pack, or glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is true of the tundra?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of changes in the tundra?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat absorbing heat from the sun?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a negative feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is true of the tundra?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: highest temperatures recorded in four centuries

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: free from human interference.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tundra

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: air pressure changes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Changes in the tundra influence climate change in lower latitudes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: air pressure changes are shifting global air and ocean circulation patterns.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Soils and open water are absorbing heat from the sun

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: people and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Sea ice extent in the tundra has reached lowest recorded levels in centuries

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The tundra

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Sea ice extent in the tundra has reached lowest recorded levels in centuries

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: air pressure changes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: absorbing heat from the sun

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reflecting radiation from the sun out of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: absorbing heat from the sun and leading to more warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: four centuries

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice pack,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising more rapidly than anywhere worldwide

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Sea ice extent in the tundra has reached lowest recorded levels in centuries

text: The issue of climate change and global warming, their possible effects, and related human-environment interaction have entered popular culture since the late 20th century.

text: The issue of

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

text: , their possible effects, and related

text: human-environment interaction

text: have entered

text: popular culture

text: since the late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Humans are not causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the late 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have increased in the past century

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when the Sun's magnetic field reaches Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and related human-environment interaction are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-environment interaction

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a possible effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a possible effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change and global warming have entered popular culture since the late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: can't be answered

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-environment

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-environment

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The issue of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The issue of climate change and global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late 20th century.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering, also known as climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

text: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering, also known as climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s

text: climatic system

text: with the aim of limiting adverse

text: climate change

text: . Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures:

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: and

text: solar radiation management

text: . Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of

text: climate change

text: by removing one of the

text: greenhouse gases

text: carbon dioxide

text: ) from the

text: atmosphere

text: . Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the

text: Earth

text: to absorb less

text: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not removed by climate engineering: carbon dioxide or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the Earth to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Earth to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the purpose of climate intervention?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would climate engineering help?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: adverse climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: adverse climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate intervention

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: limiting adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: limiting adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: limiting adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: removing one of the greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: limiting adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: limiting adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: adverse climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: adverse climate change.

text: In 2009, Aldrin commented on climate change by saying: "I think the climate has been changing for billions of years. If it's warming now, it may cool off later. I'm not in favor of just taking short-term isolated situations and depleting our resources to keep our climate just the way it is today. I'm not necessarily of the school that we are causing it all, I think the world is causing it."

text: In 2009, Aldrin commented on

text: climate change

text: by saying: "I think the climate has been changing for billions of years. If it's warming now, it may cool off later. I'm not in favor of just taking short-term isolated situations and depleting our resources to keep our climate just the way it is today. I'm not necessarily of the school that we are causing it all, I think the world is causing it."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: it may cool off later

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: billions of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of carbon dioxide in the air

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: depleting our resources to keep our climate just the way it is

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: depleting our resources

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: depleting our resources

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cool off later

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: may cool off later

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cool off

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: we are causing it all,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: billions of years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: billions of years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: depleting our resources

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: depleting our resources

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: we

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: we are causing it all,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: billions of years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: short-term isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: we are causing it all, I think the world is causing it."

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: If it's warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: billions of years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: isolated situations

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming now, it may cool off later.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: billions of years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cool off

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: isolated situations

text: In a continuation of these themes, Inhofe had a 20-page brochure published under the Seal of the United States Senate reiterating his "hoax" statement, comparing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to a "Soviet style trial", and in a section headed "The IPCC Plays Hockey" he attacked what he called "Mann's flawed, limited research." The brochure restated themes from Inhofe's Senate speech, and in December 2003 he distributed copies of it in Milan at a meeting discussing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, where he met "green activists" with posters quoting him as saying that global warming "is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people". He signed a poster for them, and thanked them for quoting him correctly. In an October 2004 Senate speech he said "Global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people. It was true when I said it before, and it remains true today. Perhaps what has made this hoax so effective is that we hear over and over that the science is settled and there is a consensus that, unless we fundamentally change our way of life by limiting greenhouse gas emissions, we will cause catastrophic global warming. This is simply a false statement." In January 2005 Inhofe told Bloomberg News that global warming was "the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people, after the separation of church and state", and that carbon dioxide would not be restricted by the Clear Skies Act of 2003. In a Senate Floor "update", he extended his argument against Mann's work by extensively citing Michael Crichton's fictional thriller, State of Fear, mistakenly describing Crichton as a "scientist".<ref name="Mooney Jan05">. Reprinted from The American Prospect,  January 10, 2005.

text: In a continuation of these themes, Inhofe had a 20-page brochure published under the

text: Seal of the United States Senate

text: reiterating his "hoax" statement, comparing the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) to a "Soviet style trial", and in a section headed "The IPCC Plays Hockey" he attacked what he called "Mann's flawed, limited research." The brochure restated themes from Inhofe's Senate speech, and in December 2003 he distributed copies of it in

text: Milan

text: at a meeting discussing the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: , where he met "green activists" with posters quoting him as saying that global warming "is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people". He signed a poster for them, and thanked them for quoting him correctly. In an October 2004 Senate speech he said "Global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people. It was true when I said it before, and it remains true today. Perhaps what has made this hoax so effective is that we hear over and over that the science is settled and there is a consensus that, unless we fundamentally change our way of life by limiting greenhouse gas emissions, we will cause catastrophic global warming. This is simply a false statement." In January 2005 Inhofe told

text: Bloomberg News

text: that global warming was "the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people, after the

entity_name: Separation of church and state in the United States

text: separation of church and state

text: ", and that

text: carbon dioxide

text: would not be restricted by the

text: Clear Skies Act of 2003

text: . In a Senate Floor "update", he extended his argument against Mann's work by extensively citing

text: Michael Crichton

text: 's fictional thriller,

text: State of Fear

text: , mistakenly describing Crichton as a "scientist".<ref name="Mooney Jan05">. Reprinted from

text: The American Prospect

text: ,  January 10, 2005.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the science is settled

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2003

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What did Inhofe say was the second-largest hoax?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What did the brochure restate themes from Inhofe's Senate speech?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: separation of church and state

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the climate change hoax that Inhofe attacked?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: In what year did Inhofe distribute copies of the brochure in Milan?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does Inhofe say is a false statement?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What is the name of the group that Inhofe attacked?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Medieval warm period last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the separation of church and state

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the science is settled

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2003.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: limiting greenhouse gas emissions, we will cause catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Mann's

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: separation of church and state",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "Mann's flawed, limited research."

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Mann's

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: limiting greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming. This is simply a false statement."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: limiting greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: This is simply a false statement."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: limiting greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: limiting greenhouse gas emissions, we will cause catastrophic global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global warming was "the second-largest hoax

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Mann's flawed, limited research."

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Soviet style trial",

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: This climatic event was probably a result of predictable changes in the Earth's orbit (Milankovitch cycles) and a continuation of changes that caused the end of the last glacial period.

text: This climatic event was probably a result of predictable changes in the Earth's orbit (

text: Milankovitch cycles

text: ) and a continuation of changes that caused the end of the last

text: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last glacial period was a result of changes in the Earth's orbit.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the year 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be caused by

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is an example of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the end of the last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of change in the Earth's orbit?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a result of predictable changes in the Earth's orbit?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of predictable changes?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen to the Earth's orbit?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: end of the last glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: (Milankovitch cycles)

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: end of the last glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: (Milankovitch cycles)

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: end of the last glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the end of the last glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: predictable changes in the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the end of the last glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (Milankovitch cycles)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (Milankovitch cycles)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial period.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (Milankovitch cycles)

text: Boer was the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010 the body responsible for a multi-lateral response to the climate change challenge. He had been appointed by then Secretary-General Kofi Annan on 10 August 2006. De Boer announced on February 18, 2010 that he would resign from the position effective July 1, 2010  to join accountancy firm KPMG as its Special Global Advisor, Climate Change and Sustainability and global ambassador. Boer dismissed speculation that the events of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference were a factor in the resignation. De Boer was succeeded as Executive Director of the UNFCC by Christiana Figueres on July 1, 2010.

text: Boer was the Executive Secretary of the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010 the body responsible for a multi-lateral response to the climate change challenge. He had been appointed by then

text: Secretary-General

text: Kofi Annan

text: on 10 August 2006. De Boer announced on February 18, 2010 that he would resign from the position effective July 1, 2010  to join accountancy firm

text: KPMG

text: as its Special Global Advisor,

text: Climate Change

text: and Sustainability and global ambassador. Boer dismissed speculation that the events of the

text: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: were a factor in the resignation. De Boer was succeeded as Executive Director of the UNFCC by

text: Christiana Figueres

text: on July 1, 2010.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the events of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference were a factor

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference were a factor in the resignation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after Boer was appointed Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was he succeeded as Executive Director of the UNFCC?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Kofi Annan

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kofi Annan

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which event happened first, the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Boer dismissed speculation that the events of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Boer was appointed by then Secretary-General Kofi Annan

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did Boer say was a factor in his resignation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did Boer serve as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, Boer was the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or Boer dismissed speculation that the events of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference were a factor in the resignation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years did Boer serve as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature have been higher during the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 4 September 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change challenge.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change challenge.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change challenge.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Boer was the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change challenge.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change from 4 September 2006 to 1 July 2010

text: Sri Lanka hosts the most diverse endemic species and is considered to be a biodiversity hot spot (Meegaskumbura, 2002). Sri Lanka is place for several endemic terrestrial species such as amphibians and birds, but also a declining marine ecosystem: with ongoing threats to the coastal coral reef environments. As climate change occurs, Sri Lanka will undergo widespread effects of climate change including climate variability and sea-level rise, directly affecting the overall abundance and security of endemic species within Sri Lanka (Mendelsohn, 2005). Being an island of 65,610 sq.km., climate change will drastically alter the climate conditions of Sri Lanka, equator (Wanasundera, N. P. (2002). Sri Lanka’s location in close proximity to the Equator is extremely imperative in understanding the severity of climate change. Countries located near the equator, receive additional direct sunlight with less area to heat up, causing temperatures in this region to be much warmer than say the North or South poles, and example can be seen in figure 2 (Climate change (n.d.). In 2011, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) prediction models show an increasing trend of temperature. The actual degree amount is very tough to pinpoint, however there are several variables that are included in each of the models; including the extent of global population growth, the development in all countries both economically and socially and the overall use of energy.  Figure 3 shows the three models that the IPCC have made depicting their projections for the future. The yellow line has the most drastic change in temperature which is based on the continual use of fossil fuels. on and economic state of the country, however includes possible alternative fuel sources and technologies. The green line is the lowest, focusing on transferring our economy from a producer-consumer to a service and information economy. Also using clean and efficiency fuel technologies (Climate Change Models Predict the Future. (n.d.). The importance for awareness through climate change education and local and global policy changes in the utmost important in controlling and offsetting CO2 emissions so tropical islands located near the equator will not be as drastically affected. There are several species that will be affected from climate change including many birds’ species.

text: Sri Lanka

text: hosts the most diverse

text: endemic

text: species and is considered to be a biodiversity hot spot (Meegaskumbura, 2002). Sri Lanka is place for several endemic

text: terrestrial

text: species such as

text: amphibians

text: and birds, but also a declining marine

text: ecosystem

text: : with ongoing threats to the coastal

text: coral reef

text: environments. As climate change occurs, Sri Lanka will undergo widespread effects of climate change including climate variability and sea-level rise, directly affecting the overall abundance and security of endemic species within Sri Lanka (Mendelsohn, 2005). Being an island of 65,610 sq.km., climate change will drastically alter the climate conditions of Sri Lanka, equator (Wanasundera, N. P. (2002). Sri Lanka’s location in close proximity to the

text: Equator

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tropical islands located near the equator will not be as drastically affected

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the most drastic change in temperature based on the continual use of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate variability and sea-level rise?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the most drastic change in temperature based on?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: CO2 emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate variability and sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate variability and sea-level rise?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: receive additional direct sunlight with less area to heat up

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: climate variability and sea-level rise?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: global population growth, the development in all countries both economically and socially and the overall use of energy?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate of Sri Lanka?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect the abundance and security of endemic species?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a geographic feature of North America?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The actual degree amount is very tough to pinpoint,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tropical islands located near the equator will not be as drastically affected.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: degree amount is very tough to pinpoint,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: equator, receive additional direct sunlight with less area to heat up,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The yellow line has the most drastic change in temperature

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: continual use of fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical islands

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: tropical islands located near the equator will not be as drastically affected.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate variability and sea-level rise,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The actual degree amount is very tough to pinpoint,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: birds’

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: birds’ species

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: several species

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: tropical islands located near the equator will not be as drastically affected.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: birds

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The yellow line

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global population growth, the development in all countries both economically and socially

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: increasing trend of temperature.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: tropical islands located near the equator

text: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age, including the last glacial maximum about 18,000 years ago, the Sahul Shelf was exposed as dry land. Evidence of the shoreline of this time has been identified in locations which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level.  A useful interactive timeline  of sea level changes has been developed by Monash University.  The Arafura Shelf formed a land bridge between Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands, and these lands share many marsupial mammals, land birds, and freshwater fish as a result. Lydekker's Line, a biogeographical line, runs along the edge of Sahul Shelf where it drops off into the deep waters of the Wallacea biogeographical area. Wallacea sits in a gap between the Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Shelf, part of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia.

text: When

text: sea level

text: s fell during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

text: , including the

text: last glacial maximum

text: about 18,000 years ago, the Sahul Shelf was exposed as dry land. Evidence of the shoreline of this time has been identified in locations which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level.  A useful interactive timeline  of sea level changes has been developed by Monash University.  The Arafura Shelf formed a

text: land bridge

text: between Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands, and these lands share many

text: marsupial mammals

text: , land birds, and freshwater fish as a result.

text: Lydekker's Line

text: , a

text: biogeographical

text: line, runs along the edge of Sahul Shelf where it drops off into the deep waters of the

text: Wallacea

text: biogeographical area. Wallacea sits in a gap between the Sahul Shelf and the

text: Sunda Shelf

text: , part of the continental shelf of

text: Southeast Asia

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Sahul Shelf was exposed as dry land

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 18,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago was the last glacial maximum?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not part of the Wallacea biogeographical area: Sahul Shelf, Wallacea, or Aru Islands?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: freshwater fish

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the last glacial maximum?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a biogeographical area: Wallacea, Sahul Shelf, or Wallacea?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a continent: Australia, New Guinea, or Wallacea?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the Sahul Shelf?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Sahul Shelf was exposed as dry land.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100 to 140 metres below sea level.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 18,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Asia.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: marsupial mammals, land birds, and freshwater fish

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial maximum

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 100 to 140 metres below sea level.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice age,

text: In popular press, and in statements by some parties in the climate negotiations, the terms loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation. This explains why the topic raises heated debates, and tends to widen the divide between developed countries, which are historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions, and developing countries that are more vulnerable to impacts of climate change. For vulnerable countries, loss and damage is most of all about recognizing that past and current efforts to avoid dangerous climate change, and that there are limits and constraints to adaptation.

text: In popular press, and in statements by some parties in the climate negotiations, the terms loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation. This explains why the topic raises heated debates, and tends to widen the divide between developed countries, which are historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions, and developing countries that are more vulnerable to impacts of climate change. For vulnerable countries, loss and damage is most of all about recognizing that past and current efforts to avoid dangerous climate change, and that there are limits and constraints to adaptation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: developed countries are historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are often associated with liability and compensation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: liability and compensation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the topic raising heated debates about?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of change that can affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: developed countries

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: loss and damage

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: liability and compensation.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: liability and compensation. This explains why the topic raises heated debates,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: developed countries,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: In popular press,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: developing countries that are more vulnerable to impacts of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: developing countries that are more vulnerable to impacts of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: past and current efforts to avoid dangerous climate change,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: dangerous climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: In popular press,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: liability and compensation. This explains why the topic raises heated debates,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: liability and compensation. This explains why the topic raises heated debates,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: developed countries, which are historically responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: loss and damage

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: dangerous climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: past and current efforts to avoid dangerous climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: loss and damage is often associated with liability and compensation.

text: The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get." Over historical time spans there are a number of nearly constant variables that determine climate, including latitude, altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains. These change only over periods of millions of years due to processes such as plate tectonics. Other climate determinants are more dynamic: the thermohaline circulation of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean compared to other ocean basins. Other ocean currents redistribute heat between land and water on a more regional scale. The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level. Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling. The variables which determine climate are numerous and the interactions complex, but there is general agreement that the broad outlines are understood, at least insofar as the determinants of historical climate change are concerned.

text: The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get." Over

text: historical

text: time spans there are a number of nearly constant variables that determine climate, including

text: latitude

text: , altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains. These change only over periods of millions of years due to processes such as

text: plate tectonics

text: . Other climate determinants are more dynamic: the

text: thermohaline circulation

text: of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: compared to other ocean basins. Other

text: ocean current

text: s redistribute heat between land and water on a more regional scale. The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level. Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to

text: global warming

text: or

text: global cooling

text: . The variables which determine climate are numerous and the interactions complex, but there is general agreement that the broad outlines are understood, at least insofar as the determinants of historical climate change are concerned.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 9 °F

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the difference between climate and weather?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate to change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 9 °F

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: over periods of millions of years

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: over the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 9 °F

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 5 °C (9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: millions of years due to processes such as plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar heat absorption,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global cooling.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 5 °C (9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 5 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: These change only over periods of millions of years

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: millions of years due to processes such as plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 °C (9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: proximity to oceans and mountains.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: redistribute heat between land and water

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming or global cooling.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 5 °C (9 °F)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global cooling.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 5 °C (9 °F)

text: The Frontier Centre for Public Policy, a Canadian think tank, states that Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming since the mid 1990s, instead asserting that global warming is due to natural variations. He has spoken twice at The Heartland Institute's International Conference on Climate Change, where he was presented as a former climatology professor at the University of Winnipeg. However, critics have observed that in fact Ball was a professor of geography there, has been retired since 1996, and that the University of Winnipeg does not have, nor has it ever had, a climatology department. However, Dr. Ball has disputed these claims, maintaining that the climate program at The University of Winnipeg was part of the geography department in the early 1980s. Also, he asserts that many false claims about his credentials and professional qualifications have been stated as factual by websites such as DeSmogBlog.

text: The

text: Frontier Centre for Public Policy

text: , a Canadian think tank, states that Ball has disputed

text: anthropogenic global warming

text: since the mid 1990s, instead asserting that global warming is due to natural variations. He has spoken twice at

text: The Heartland Institute

text: 's

text: International Conference on Climate Change

text: , where he was presented as a former climatology professor at the University of Winnipeg. However, critics have observed that in fact Ball was a professor of geography there, has been retired since 1996, and that the University of Winnipeg does not have, nor has it ever had, a climatology department. However, Dr. Ball has disputed these claims, maintaining that the climate program at The University of Winnipeg was part of the geography department in the early 1980s. Also, he asserts that many false claims about his credentials and professional qualifications have been stated as factual by websites such as

text: DeSmogBlog

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural variations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years has Ball been a professor of geography there?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the early 1980s

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Frontier Centre for Public Policy

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: natural variations

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the early 1980s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: natural variations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: natural variations

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: his credentials and professional qualifications

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: mid 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural variations.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climatology department.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming since the mid 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural variations.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ball has disputed anthropogenic global warming since the mid 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural variations.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: anthropogenic global warming since the mid 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic global warming

text: Union Environment and Forests Minister Javadekar said the exact causes of the flooding – whether the result of climate change or stemming from other causes – remained in "a grey area" as experts had differing opinions. Regarding the current floods, he said the United Nations would not deem the evidence conclusive enough to be able to reach a judgment. "One thing is sure, climate change brings such disasters more frequently. So [the] frequency, [the] ferocity of untimely rains increases, [along with] erratic monsoons, droughts and floods; all these are caused [by climate change]." he said. He subsequently clarified his position on the Tamil Nadu floods in a written statement addressed to the Rajya Sabha. According to Javadekar, the recent extreme rainfall across the region was "highly localised" and could not be definitively attributed to the effects of climate-change. "[The] extreme rainfall that occurred over [the] coastal districts of Tamil Nadu is part of the natural variability of the Indian monsoon system. Although some studies have reported an increase in frequency and intensity of extremes in rainfall during the past 40–50 years, their attribution to global warming is not established." Javadekar said the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and local assessments have indicated that extreme rainfall events will likely increase in frequency by the end of the 21st century.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: extreme rainfall across the region was "highly localised"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 40–50 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the IPCC stand for?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and other causes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme rainfall

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: untimely rains increases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Indian monsoon system

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: According to Javadekar, the recent extreme rainfall

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Javadekar

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: monsoon

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming is not established

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: attribution to global warming is not established."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 40–50 years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 40–50 years, their attribution to global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: erratic monsoons, droughts and floods;

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change]."

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: erratic monsoons, droughts and floods;

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: natural variability of the Indian monsoon system.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: erratic monsoons, droughts and floods;

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: natural variability of the Indian monsoon system.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 40–50 years,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural variability of the Indian monsoon system.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extreme rainfall events will likely increase in frequency

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: end of the 21st century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: natural variability of the Indian monsoon system.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 40–50 years, their attribution to global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 40–50 years, their attribution to global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Indian monsoon system.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts

text: Nearly all intermountain depressions in southern Siberia and northern Mongolia hosted glacier-dammed lakes during the Pleistocene ice ages.  Climatic changes and hydrostatic alterations of the ice dams were followed by repeated fillings and releases of the basin lakes. The lake outbursts had a cataclysmic character.  In accordance with climatic conditions, the glaciers would protrude again into the main drainage valleys immediately after dam deformations and lake outbursts and would again dam the basins.

text: Nearly all intermountain depressions in southern

text: Siberia

text: and northern

text: Mongolia

text: hosted

text: glacier

text: -dammed lakes during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice ages

text: .  Climatic changes and hydrostatic alterations of the ice dams were followed by repeated fillings and releases of the basin lakes. The

text: lake outbursts

text: had a cataclysmic character.  In accordance with climatic conditions, the glaciers would protrude again into the main drainage valleys immediately after dam deformations and lake outbursts and would again dam the basins.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glaciers would protrude again into the main drainage valleys immediately after dam deformations and lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an example of glacier-dammed lakes during the Pleistocene ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a feature of the Pleistocene ice ages: glacier-dammed lakes, lake outbursts or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change and hydrostatic alterations of the ice dams are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacier-dammed lakes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would protrude again into the main drainage valleys

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in accordance with climatic conditions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did glacier-dammed lakes during the Pleistocene ice ages change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason glaciers would protrude again into the main drainage valleys?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to glacier-dammed lakes?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why would glaciers protrude again into the main drainage valleys?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused glacier-dammed lakes during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the glaciers

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a cataclysmic character.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: cataclysmic character.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacier-dammed lakes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Nearly all intermountain depressions in southern Siberia

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climatic changes and hydrostatic alterations of the ice dams

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: lake outbursts had a cataclysmic

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The lake outbursts

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice ages.

text: Ban early on identified global warming as one of the key issues of his administration. In a White House meeting with U.S. President George W. Bush in January, Ban urged Bush to take steps to curb greenhouse gas emissions. On 1 March 2007 in a speech before the UN General Assembly, Ban emphasized his concerns about global warming. Ban stated, "For my generation, coming of age at the height of the Cold War, fear of nuclear winter seemed the leading existential threat on the horizon. But the danger posed by war to all humanity—and to our planet—is at least matched by climate change" (referring to Global Warming, see P:GW portal). On 3 September 2009 he further emphasized his concerns at the World Climate Conference in Geneva, when he stated, "Our foot is stuck on the accelerator and we are heading towards an abyss". In September, 2014, Ban joined demonstrators in the People's Climate March in New York City, and also called together world leaders for the UN Climate Summit, in preparation for the United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

text: Ban early on identified

text: global warming

text: as one of the key issues of his administration. In a

text: White House

text: meeting with U.S. President George W. Bush in January, Ban urged Bush to take steps to curb

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions. On 1 March 2007 in a speech before the UN General Assembly, Ban emphasized his concerns about global warming. Ban stated, "For my generation, coming of age at the height of the Cold War, fear of

text: nuclear winter

text: seemed the leading

text: existential threat

text: on the horizon. But the danger posed by war to all humanity—and to our planet—is at least matched by

text: climate change

text: " (referring to

text: Global Warming

text: , see

text: P:GW

text: portal). On 3 September 2009 he further emphasized his concerns at the World Climate Conference in Geneva, when he stated, "Our foot is stuck on the accelerator and we are heading towards an abyss". In September, 2014, Ban joined demonstrators in the

text: People's Climate March

text: in New York City, and also called together world leaders for the UN Climate Summit, in preparation for the

entity_name: United Nations Climate Change conference

text: United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: nuclear winter seemed the leading existential threat on the horizon

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global Warming, see P:GW portal

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for the sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of the event that Ban emphasized his concerns about global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Ban urging Bush to take steps to curb greenhouse gas emissions?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is Ban referring to?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: war

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: abyss".

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: war

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris in late 2015.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: nuclear winter

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: nuclear winter

text: District has a warm climate, temperate, climate influenced by the Eastern Carpathians and Ukrainian Plain. The average annual temperature in this area is between 8-9 c degrees, in winter -4-4.5 c, sometimes reaching -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer. In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century. The fact is explained, as is known, the evolution of warm climate in Western and Eastern Europe, the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

text: District has a warm climate, temperate, climate influenced by the

text: Eastern Carpathians

text: and Ukrainian Plain. The average annual temperature in this area is between 8-9 c degrees, in winter -4-4.5 c, sometimes reaching -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer. In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century. The fact is explained, as is known, the evolution of warm climate in Western and Eastern Europe, the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The average annual temperature in this area is between 8-9 c degrees

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: has become warmer than bank last century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many degrees is the average annual temperature in this area?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a natural factor: the evolution of warm climate in Western and Eastern Europe, the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change caused by different human factors

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many degrees is the average annual temperature in this area?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sometimes reaching -20-25 degrees

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in winter

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Why is the average annual temperature in this area between 8-9 degrees?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees is the average annual temperature in this area?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a natural factor: the Eastern Carpathians and Ukrainian Plain

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a natural factor: plate tectonics may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How many degrees would an enormous volcanic eruption increase?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The average annual temperature in this area has become warmer than bank last century

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: bank last century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 8-9 c degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: warmer than bank last century.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human factors.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: -20-25 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Eastern Carpathians

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 8-9 c degrees,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 8-9 c degrees,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 8-9 c degrees,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Western and Eastern Europe,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warmer than bank last century.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: -20-25 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -20-25 degrees,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: in winter -4-4.5 c,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -20-25 degrees,

text: Paar is a global warming skeptic and is an advocate of a new ice age hypothesis. He argues that the rise of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change, and that the true cause lies in the change of Earth's orbit due to gravitational pull of Jupiter and other planets of the Solar System. Paar believes that the evidence against anthropogenic global warming is being deliberately suppressed.

text: Paar is a global warming skeptic and is an advocate of a new ice age hypothesis. He argues that the rise of

text: carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere

text: is the effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change, and that the true cause lies in the change of Earth's orbit due to gravitational pull of

text: Jupiter

text: and other planets of the

text: Solar System

text: . Paar believes that the evidence against anthropogenic global warming is being deliberately suppressed.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the rise of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the effect

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the cause of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the planet that Paar believes is being deliberately suppressed?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: change of Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a new ice age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rise of carbon dioxide level

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the cause

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Jupiter and other planets of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate change,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: change of Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cause

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rise of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: new ice age hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: change of Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic global warming is being deliberately suppressed.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: new ice age hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a new ice age hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: change of Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a new ice age hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: change of Earth's orbit due to gravitational pull of Jupiter

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: the effect - rather than the cause - of global climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: new ice age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: new ice age

text: Ice age -Ice core -Ice sheet dynamics -Individual and political action on climate change -Insolation -Instrumental temperature record -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -International Conference on Climate Change -IPCC list of greenhouse gases

text: Ice age

text: Ice core

text: Ice sheet dynamics

entity_name: Individual and political action on climate change

text: Individual and political action on climate change

text: Insolation

text: Instrumental temperature record

text: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: International Conference on Climate Change

text: IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Individual and political action on climate change does not affect ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Insolation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: -IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: -Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: -IPCC list of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -Ice sheet dynamics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: -Instrumental temperature record

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

text: Ernst (1983) surveyed the extensive geographical range of the twist-necked turtle and determined the presence of a dark subspecies in its western range. The author uses the "Quaternary forest refuge theory" to explain the existence of this subspecies. The theory is based on significant climatic changes occurring in and around the equator during the Quaternary period. During these climatic changes of glaciation, the northern rainforests of South America received less rainfall and deteriorated, then subsequently expanded during interglaciation. This change caused allopatric speciation to occur among many species and gave rise to a new subspecies - P. p. melanonota.

text: Ernst (1983) surveyed the extensive geographical range of the twist-necked turtle and determined the presence of a dark subspecies in its western range. The author uses the "Quaternary forest refuge theory" to explain the existence of this subspecies. The theory is based on significant climatic changes occurring in and around the equator during the

text: Quaternary period

text: . During these climatic changes of

text: glaciation

text: , the northern rainforests of South America received less rainfall and deteriorated, then subsequently expanded during interglaciation. This change caused

text: allopatric speciation

text: to occur among many species and gave rise to a new subspecies - P. p. melanonota.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the northern rainforests of South America received less rainfall and deteriorated, then subsequently expanded during interglaciation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a climatic change: glaciation, interglaciation, or glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Environmentalists argue, is a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: allopatric speciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause significant climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: significant climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Quaternary period

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the theory based on?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the theory based on?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significantly

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How would you describe Ernst?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: significant

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the northern rainforests of South America received less rainfall and deteriorated,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: interglaciation.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "Quaternary forest refuge theory"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: twist-necked turtle

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: twist-necked turtle

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: twist-necked turtle

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rainfall

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: less rainfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: significant climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Ernst (1983)

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climatic changes occurring in and around the equator

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: allopatric speciation to occur among many species

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significant climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Quaternary forest refuge theory"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglaciation.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: less rainfall

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciation,

text: The increase in the global climate over the past few decades has had a significant impact on the spread of this species. The northward range expansion coincides with the worldwide increase in temperature due to the greenhouse effect. Universally, species respond to fluctuations in climate by increasing or contracting their breeding ranges. If the opportunity arises for a species to expand its realised niche due to favourable conditions that have become available, it is advantageous for them to do so. In the 1950s the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere, causing longer winters in southern Europe. This kept the long-winged coneheads in the southern part of the UK, where they were first sited, for a period of time. In 1975 the effects of the greenhouse gases began to neutralise the cooling effects from the previous decades, and as the climate in the United Kingdom slowly rose, the long-winged coneheads started to increase the limits of their range farther northward. However, the major expansion did not occur until 1980 when global warming caused a significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere. Since 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by  ±  per decade and the greatest impact fell between 40°N and 70°N latitude. This latitudinal region includes the United Kingdom and southern Europe, which explains why the long-wing conehead, and other European fauna, has responded most readily to the warming climate and expanded its range.

text: The increase in the global climate over the past few decades has had a significant impact on the spread of this species. The northward range expansion coincides with the worldwide increase in temperature due to the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Universally, species respond to fluctuations in climate by increasing or contracting their breeding ranges. If the opportunity arises for a species to expand its realised

text: niche

text: due to favourable conditions that have become available, it is advantageous for them to do so. In the 1950s the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere, causing longer winters in southern Europe. This kept the long-winged coneheads in the southern part of the UK, where they were first sited, for a period of time. In 1975 the effects of the greenhouse gases began to neutralise the cooling effects from the previous decades, and as the climate in the United Kingdom slowly rose, the long-winged coneheads started to increase the limits of their range farther northward. However, the major expansion did not occur until 1980 when global warming caused a significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere. Since 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by  ±  per decade and the greatest impact fell between

text: and

text: latitude

text: . This latitudinal region includes the United Kingdom and southern Europe, which explains why the long-wing conehead, and other European fauna, has responded most readily to the warming climate and expanded its range.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-winged coneheads started to increase the limits of their range farther northward

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: since 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by  per decade

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which happened first, the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere, or global warming caused a significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the long-winged coneheads to increase their range farther northward?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does global warming affect the long-winged conehead?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-winged coneheads

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the climate to cool in the northern hemisphere, causing longer winters in southern Europe?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: longer winters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: In what year did La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the climate in the United Kingdom slowly rise?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the effects of the greenhouse gases begin to neutralise the cooling effects from the previous decades?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere or global warming caused a significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the long-winged conehead?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did the long-winged conehead stay in the southern part of the UK?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years after 1980 did global warming cause a significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift: plate tectonics or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Why did the long-winged coneheads stay in the south?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the greatest impact fell between 40°N and 70°N latitude

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: <unk> per decade

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 1975

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: long-winged coneheads

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: longer winters in southern Europe.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: longer winters

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: significant increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by <unk> per decade

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increase in temperature in the northern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by <unk> per decade

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: species respond to fluctuations in climate by increasing or contracting their breeding ranges.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: long-wing conehead,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long-wing conehead,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1980 the temperature has risen linearly by <unk> per decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: longer winters in southern Europe.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases began to neutralise the cooling effects

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1950s the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1950s the climate began to cool in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: longer winters

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: <unk> per decade

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: longer winters in southern Europe.

text: Besides their role as a resource for fuel and building material, trees protect the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and by creating oxygen.  The destruction of rain forests is one of the critical causes of climate change. Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun. The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect.

text: Besides their role as a resource for fuel and building material, trees protect the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and by creating oxygen.  The destruction of rain forests is one of the critical causes of

text: climate change

text: . Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun. The radiation converts to heat which causes

text: global warming

text: , which is better known as the

text: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Deforestation does not cause global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: deforestation, global warming or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: deforestation, global warming, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Deforestation is one of the critical causes of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: How will global warming affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How would you describe the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a resource for fuel and building material?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would the Earths temperature be like if there was no volcano?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: trees protect the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and by creating oxygen.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: radiation from the sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rain forests

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rain forests

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The destruction of rain forests is one of the critical causes of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: oxygen. The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The destruction of rain forests

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: The effects of glaciation were global. Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene as well as the preceding Pliocene. The Andes were covered in the south by the Patagonian ice cap. There were glaciers in New Zealand and Tasmania. The current decaying glaciers of Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Ruwenzori Range in east and central Africa were larger. Glaciers existed in the mountains of Ethiopia and to the west in the Atlas mountains.

text: The effects of glaciation were global.

text: Antarctica

text: was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene as well as the preceding Pliocene. The

text: Andes

text: were covered in the south by the

text: Patagonia

text: n ice cap. There were glaciers in

text: New Zealand

text: and

text: Tasmania

text: . The current decaying glaciers of

text: Mount Kenya

text: Mount Kilimanjaro

text: , and the

text: Ruwenzori Range

text: in east and central Africa were larger. Glaciers existed in the mountains of

text: Ethiopia

text: and to the west in the

text: Atlas mountains

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pliocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a glacier: Antarctica, Mount Kilimanjaro, or Antarctica?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a continent: Antarctica, New Zealand, or Tasmania?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Antarctica was covered in the south by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many continents were covered by the Patagonian ice cap?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a continent: Antarctica, New Zealand, or Tasmania?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a glacier?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tectonic movement: plate tectonics, glaciation, or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a volcano?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How would you describe Antarctica?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pliocene.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The effects of glaciation were global.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The current decaying glaciers

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Patagonian ice cap.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Patagonian ice cap.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The effects of glaciation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pliocene.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Patagonian ice cap.

text: Much of the land of Sylvania Waters was 'reclaimed' from Gwawley Bay, effectively destroying the highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay. Sylvania Waters Estate was developed by L.J.Hooker in the 1960s; land offered had water frontages with boating facilities. Streets were named after Australian rivers to emphasise the association with water, such as Shoalhaven, Tweed, Murrumbidgee, Hawkesbury and Barwon.  The suburb has been identified as an area that is particularly vulnerable to inundation, should predictions of climate change, global warming and rising sea levels prove correct.

text: Much of the land of Sylvania Waters was 'reclaimed' from Gwawley Bay, effectively destroying the highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay. Sylvania Waters Estate was developed by L.J.Hooker in the 1960s; land offered had water frontages with boating facilities. Streets were named after Australian rivers to emphasise the association with water, such as

text: Shoalhaven

text: Tweed

text: Murrumbidgee

text: Hawkesbury

text: and

text: Barwon

text: .  The suburb has been identified as an area that is particularly vulnerable to inundation, should predictions of

text: climate change

text: global warming

text: and rising sea levels prove correct.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1960

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a river: Murrumbidgee, Tweed, Hawkesbury or Barwon?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a river: Murrumbidgee, Tweed, Hawkesbury or Barwon?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: destroying the highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many rivers were named after Australian rivers to emphasise the association with water?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: inundation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming and rising sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does the suburb of Sylvania Waters affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Sylvania

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: highly integrated mangrove flora of the bay.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1960s;

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Much of the land of Sylvania Waters

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: destroying the highly integrated mangrove flora

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: mangrove flora

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: inundation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: inundation,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Gwawley Bay,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming and rising sea levels prove correct.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change, global warming and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: L.J.Hooker in the 1960s;

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Much of the land of Sylvania Waters

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Gwawley Bay,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming and rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1960s;

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming and rising sea levels

text: During the last Pleistocene ice age, Anangula and nearby Umnak Island formed the tip of a peninsula on the southern edge of the Bering land bridge and was covered by the Cordilleran ice sheet that dominated the  northwestern portion of North America. This made the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation until the ice sheet began to recede about 10-12,000 years bp. The first human settlement on Anangula (and the oldest known evidence of human activity in the Aleutians), a small village and core and blade site on the southeastern end of the island, was established about 8,400 years bp. Although estimates of how long the settlement was occupied range from under 100 years to more than 1,500 years, it is generally agreed that it was abandoned after a major eruption at the Okmok volcano  northeast on Umnak buried the area under nearly two metres of ash.

text: During the

text: last

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

text: , Anangula and nearby

text: Umnak Island

text: formed the tip of a peninsula on the southern edge of the

text: Bering land bridge

text: and was covered by the

text: Cordilleran ice sheet

text: that dominated the  northwestern portion of

text: North America

text: . This made the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation until the ice sheet began to recede about 10-12,000 years

text: bp

text: . The first human settlement on Anangula (and the oldest known evidence of human activity in the Aleutians), a small village and

text: core

text: and

text: blade

text: site on the southeastern end of the island, was established about 8,400 years bp. Although estimates of how long the settlement was occupied range from under 100 years to more than 1,500 years, it is generally agreed that it was abandoned after a major eruption at the

text: Okmok volcano

text: northeast on Umnak buried the area under nearly two metres of ash.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Anangula and nearby Umnak Island formed the tip of a peninsula on the southern edge of the Bering land bridge

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unsuitable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 10-12,000 years bp

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long was the first human settlement on Anangula?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the first human settlement on Anangula?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human habitation made the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: animal and human habitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: caused the ice sheet to recede

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unsuitable for both animal and human habitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about 10-12,000 years bp

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long was the first human settlement on Anangula?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the last Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How did the ice sheet recede?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why was the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the last Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: bp

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 10-12,000 years bp.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 10-12,000 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eruption

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 10-12,000 years bp.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human habitation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Okmok volcano

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: eruption

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 10-12,000 years bp.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last Pleistocene ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 10-12,000 years bp.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Cordilleran ice sheet

text: The last glacial period is the best-known part of the current ice age, and has been intensively studied in North America, northern Eurasia, the Himalaya and other formerly glaciated regions around the world. The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent in the Southern Hemisphere. They have different names, historically developed and depending on their geographic distributions: Fraser (in the Pacific Cordillera of North America), Pinedale (in the Central Rocky Mountains), Wisconsinan or Wisconsin (in central North America), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), Mérida (in Venezuela), Weichselian or Vistulian (in Northern Europe and northern Central Europe), Valdai in Eastern Europe and Zyryanka in Siberia, Llanquihue in Chile, and Otira in New Zealand. The geochronological Late Pleistocene comprises the late glacial (Weichselian) and the immediately preceding penultimate interglacial (Eemian) preiond.

text: The last glacial period is the best-known part of the current ice age, and has been intensively studied in

text: North America

text: northern Eurasia

text: , the

text: Himalaya

text: and other formerly glaciated regions around the world. The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas, mainly in the

text: Northern Hemisphere

text: and to a lesser extent in the

text: Southern Hemisphere

text: . They have different names, historically developed and depending on their geographic distributions: Fraser (in the

text: Pacific Cordillera

text: of North America), Pinedale (in the

text: Central Rocky Mountains

text: ), Wisconsinan or

text: Wisconsin

text: (in central North America), Devensian (in the

text: British Isles

text: ), Midlandian (in

text: Ireland

text: Würm

text: (in the

text: Alps

text: ), Mérida (in

text: Venezuela

text: Weichselian

text: or

entity_section: Weichselian glaciation, Scandinavia and northern Europe

text: Vistulian

text: (in

text: Northern Europe

text: and northern

text: Central Europe

text: ), Valdai in

text: Eastern Europe

text: and Zyryanka in

text: Siberia

text: Llanquihue

text: in

text: Chile

text: , and Otira in

text: New Zealand

text: . The geochronological

text: Late Pleistocene

text: comprises the late glacial (Weichselian) and the immediately preceding

text: penultimate interglacial

text: (Eemian) preiond.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacial period is the best-known part of the current ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do glaciations that occurred during this glacial period cover many areas?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the glacial period that has been intensively studied in North America?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Venezuela

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has been intensively studied in North America, northern Eurasia, the Himalaya and other formerly glaciated regions around the world?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The geochronological Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: glaciations that occurred during this glacial period

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the last glacial period?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the best-known part of the current ice age?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: penultimate interglacial

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: penultimate interglacial

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Weichselian

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Llanquihue in Chile,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The glaciations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: current ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: mainly in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The last glacial period

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: current ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Late Pleistocene

text: Ferrara has also written about climate change, asserting that human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

text: Ferrara has also written about climate change, asserting that human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human activity is the main cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Ferrara was born.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the primary cause of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ii.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no answe

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human activity is not the main cause

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: human activity is not the main cause of global warming.

text: England is not a believer in global warming or climate change that is attributed to man but rather a believer in cyclic change due to many factors. A KWTV promo was featured in a Daily Show piece regarding global warming on June 14, 2007. The piece starts with comments by global warming skeptic and Oklahoma Senator James Inhofe regarding The Weather Channel's chief meteorologist's statement that the American Meteorological Society (AMS) should not certify anyone who does not accept global warming. Inhofe argued that The Weather Channel needs global warming in order to scare viewers and boost ratings. The Daily Show followed up Inhofe's comments by playing the KWTV's "Calm During The Storm" promo where a family is running from a massive tornado, cowering in the basement, the family hears England's voice on the television and the mother says to her son (clutched in her hands) "It's OK baby, listen to Gary England, he's going to tell us what's going on" in which then host Jon Stewart mocks the scene with "Listen to Gary England— OR YOUR CHILDREN WILL DIE!"  The Daily Show connects England and Inhofe as both being from Oklahoma.

text: England is not a believer in global warming or climate change that is attributed to man but rather a believer in cyclic change due to many factors. A KWTV promo was featured in a

text: Daily Show

text: piece regarding global warming on June 14, 2007. The piece starts with comments by global warming skeptic and Oklahoma Senator

text: James Inhofe

text: regarding

text: The Weather Channel

text: 's chief meteorologist's statement that the

text: American Meteorological Society

text: (AMS) should not certify anyone who does not accept global warming. Inhofe argued that The Weather Channel needs global warming in order to scare viewers and boost ratings. The Daily Show followed up Inhofe's comments by playing the KWTV's "Calm During The Storm" promo where a family is running from a massive tornado, cowering in the basement, the family hears England's voice on the television and the mother says to her son (clutched in her hands) "It's OK baby, listen to Gary England, he's going to tell us what's going on" in which then host

text: Jon Stewart

text: mocks the scene with "Listen to Gary England— OR YOUR CHILDREN WILL DIE!"  The Daily Show connects England and Inhofe as both being from Oklahoma.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming that is attributed to man

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming and climate change are caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: massive tornado

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the cyclic change due to many factors?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is cyclic change due to many factors?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does the Daily Show mock?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: how many ice ages occurred over the past billion years

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: what was the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change that is attributed to man

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: man

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: tornado,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CHILDREN WILL DIE!"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: tornado,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tornado,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Daily Show piece regarding global warming on June 14, 2007.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: England is not a believer in global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming on June 14, 2007.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: tornado,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cyclic change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: cyclic change

text: Willis’s research focuses on reconstructing long term responses of ecosystems to environmental change, including climate change, human impact and sea level rise. She argues that understanding long-term records of ecosystem change is essential for a proper understanding of future ecosystem responses. Many scientific studies are limited to short-term datasets that rarely span more than 40 to 50 years, although many larger organisms, including trees and large mammals, have an average generation time which exceeds this timescale. Short-term records therefore are unable to reconstruct natural variability over time, or the rates of migration as a result of environmental change. She also argues that a short-term approach gives a static view of ecosystems, and an unrealistic "norm" which must be maintained or restored and protected. Her research group in the Oxford Long-term Ecology laboratory therefore focuses on the reconstruction of ecosystem responses to environmental change on timescales ranging from tens to millions of years, and the applications of long-term records in biodiversity conservation. She has argued that the impacts of contemporary climate change on plant biota is uncertain and potentially not as severe as researchers envision, and challenged assumptions made in the interpretation of spatially constrained temperature records. Kew's State of the World's Plants report (2016) pinpoints land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

text: Willis’s research focuses on reconstructing long term responses of

text: ecosystem

text: s to environmental change, including

text: climate change

text: human impact

text: and

text: sea level rise

text: . She argues that understanding long-term records of ecosystem change is essential for a proper understanding of future ecosystem responses. Many scientific studies are limited to short-term datasets that rarely span more than 40 to 50 years, although many larger organisms, including trees and large mammals, have an average generation time which exceeds this timescale. Short-term records therefore are unable to reconstruct natural variability over time, or the rates of migration as a result of environmental change. She also argues that a short-term approach gives a static view of ecosystems, and an unrealistic "norm" which must be maintained or restored and protected. Her research group in the Oxford Long-term Ecology laboratory therefore focuses on the reconstruction of ecosystem responses to environmental change on timescales ranging from tens to millions of years, and the applications of long-term records in

text: biodiversity

text: conservation. She has argued that the impacts of contemporary climate change on plant biota is uncertain and potentially not as severe as researchers envision, and challenged assumptions made in the interpretation of spatially constrained temperature records. Kew's State of the World's Plants report (2016) pinpoints land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the major threat to global biodiversity?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organism: trees, mammals, or sea level rise?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: land cover change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: land cover change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Willis's research group in the Oxford Long-term Ecology laboratory

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rates of migration

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Does Willis's research focus on reconstructing long term responses of ecosystems to environmental change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term records

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature records

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: land cover change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: tens to millions of years

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens to millions of years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 40 to 50 years,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: land cover change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: tens to millions of years,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Willis’s

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: tens to millions of years,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 40 to 50 years,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: land cover change as the major threat to global biodiversity, not climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 40 to 50 years,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change, human impact and sea level rise.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: tens to millions of years,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: average generation time

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sea level rise.

text: The Quaternary ice age (2.6 million BCE) began during the Pleistocene Epoch. Sitting snugly in the then much higher mountains was Glacial Teays Lake, extending from south Virginia through the New Kanawha River to its northerly drainage river, the ancient Teays River. It flowed through Ohio to central Indiana, then across Illinois to the Mississippi Valley. The Pittsburgh drainage basin is to the north of the river. The Mississippi River at the time was an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico reaching to Illinois. Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence was about two million years ago when it outburst and the wash build up created the final large prehistoric lake in the western part of the state. Lake Tight lasted 6500 years before it escaped its confines to form the Ohio Valley. The Ohio-Allegheny system (Ohio Valley) in western half of the state had its present form by the Middle Pleistocene, between 781 and 126 thousand years ago. The glacial Monongahela Lake was in the northern part of the state. It was blocked by ice terraces in the northwestern Pennsylvania. Upon the ice's retreat, it outburst through the basin to the north.

text: The

text: Quaternary

text: ice age (2.6 million BCE) began during the Pleistocene Epoch. Sitting snugly in the then much higher mountains was Glacial Teays Lake, extending from south Virginia through the New Kanawha River to its northerly drainage river, the ancient

text: Teays River

text: . It flowed through

text: Ohio

text: to central

text: Indiana

text: , then across

text: Illinois

text: to the

text: Mississippi Valley

text: . The Pittsburgh drainage basin is to the north of the river. The Mississippi River at the time was an embayment of the

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: reaching to Illinois. Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence was about two million years ago when it outburst and the wash build up created the final large prehistoric lake in the western part of the state. Lake Tight lasted 6500 years before it escaped its confines to form the Ohio Valley. The Ohio-Allegheny system (Ohio Valley) in western half of the state had its present form by the

text: Middle Pleistocene

text: , between 781 and 126 thousand years ago. The glacial Monongahela Lake was in the northern part of the state. It was blocked by ice terraces in the northwestern Pennsylvania. Upon the ice's retreat, it outburst through the basin to the north.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Lake Tight lasted 6500 years before it escaped its confines to form the Ohio Valley

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: about two million years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Quaternary ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How long did the Quaternary ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How did the Quaternary ice age end?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Glacial Teays Lake

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many million years ago did Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after the Quaternary ice age began

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long did the Quaternary ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Epoch last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Quaternary ice age?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to glacial Monongahela Lake?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How many million years ago was the Quaternary ice age?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did Glacial Teays Lake last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many thousand years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many years ago did the Quaternary ice age begin?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many million years ago did Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: How long ago did Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How many million years ago did Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years ago did Glacial Teays Lake last occurrence?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: (2.6 million BCE)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice terraces

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Gulf of Mexico

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Gulf of Mexico

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Glacial Teays Lake,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Mississippi Valley.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Middle Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Quaternary ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Quaternary ice age

text: In a 2010 interview, Johnson called scientists who attribute global warming to man-made causes "crazy", saying the theory is "lunacy" and attributing climate change to causes other than human activity. In February 2016, Johnson said "I've never denied climate change. The climate has always changed, and it always will". While on a radio talk show August 1, 2015, on Racine, Wisconsin's WRJN-AM, Johnson said that "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years. That is proven scientifically." Johnson is a cosponsor of the Energy Tax Prevention Act, which would block the EPA from imposing new rules on carbon emissions.

text: In a 2010 interview, Johnson called scientists who attribute

text: global warming

text: to man-made causes "crazy", saying the theory is "lunacy" and

text: attributing climate change

text: to causes other than human activity. In February 2016, Johnson said "I've never denied climate change. The climate has always changed, and it always will". While on a radio talk show August 1, 2015, on Racine, Wisconsin's WRJN-AM, Johnson said that "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years. That is proven scientifically." Johnson is a cosponsor of the

text: Energy Tax Prevention Act

text: , which would block the EPA from imposing new rules on carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: quite a few years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the EPA regulate?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years has the El Nio event been occurring?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It has always changed, and it always will

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It always will

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years has the climate not warmed?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: WRJN-AM,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made causes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Energy Tax Prevention Act,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: WRJN-AM,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: WRJN-AM,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The climate has always changed, and it always will".

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010 interview, Johnson called scientists who attribute global warming to man-made causes

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The climate has always changed, and it always will".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The climate has always changed, and it always will".

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The climate has always changed, and it always will".

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The climate has always changed, and it always will".

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Johnson called scientists who attribute global warming to man-made causes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: man-made causes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Energy Tax Prevention Act,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed in quite a few years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "the climate hasn't warmed

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Heiligendamm Process -Hell and High Water (book) -History of climate change science -Hockey stick graph -Hockey stick controversy -Holocene -Holocene Climatic Optimum -Homogenization -How Global Warming Works -Human impact of climate change -Hydraulic fracturing -Hydrological geoengineering -Hypermobile travellers

text: Heiligendamm Process

text: Hell and High Water (book)

text: History of climate change science

text: Hockey stick graph

text: Hockey stick controversy

text: Holocene

text: Holocene Climatic Optimum

text: Homogenization

text: How Global Warming Works

text: Human impact of climate change

text: Hydraulic fracturing

text: Hydrological geoengineering

text: Hypermobile travellers

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Hydrological geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Hydrological geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How global warming works

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Hockey stick controversy

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Hydrological geoengineering

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Hockey stick controversy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: -Hypermobile travellers

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: -How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: -How Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: -Human impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: -Hypermobile travellers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -How Global Warming Works -Human impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: -How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: -Human impact of climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -How Global Warming Works

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: -History of climate change science -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: -How Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -Holocene Climatic Optimum

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: -Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -Hydraulic fracturing

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: -Hockey stick graph

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -Hockey stick graph

text: The Abbassia Pluvial was an extended wet and rainy period in the climate history of North Africa. It began c. 120,000 years before the present (ybp), lasted approximately 30,000 years, and ended c. 90,000 ybp. The Abbassia Pluvial spanned the end of the Lower Paleolithic and the start of the Middle Paleolithic eras — an interval that is also sometimes identified as the Achulean (250–90 kybp). As with the subsequent Mousterian Pluvial, the Abbassia was brought about by global climate changes associated with the ice ages and interglacials of the Pleistocene Epoch.

text: The Abbassia Pluvial was an extended wet and rainy period in the

text: climate

text: history of

text: North Africa

text: . It began c. 120,000 years before the present (

text: ybp

text: ), lasted approximately 30,000 years, and ended c. 90,000 ybp. The Abbassia

text: Pluvial

text: spanned the end of the

text: Lower Paleolithic

text: and the start of the

text: Middle Paleolithic

text: eras — an interval that is also sometimes identified as the Achulean (250–90 kybp). As with the subsequent

text: Mousterian Pluvial

text: , the Abbassia was brought about by global climate changes associated with the

text: ice age

text: s and

text: interglacial

text: s of the

text: Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global climate changes associated with the ice ages and interglacials of the Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 120,000 years before the present

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many ybp did the Abbassia Pluvial span?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the Abbassia Pluvial?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How long did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the Abbassia Pluvial?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: wet and rainy

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pleistocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many ybp did the Abbassia Pluvial last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the Abbassia Pluvial?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ybp

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the Abbassia Pluvial associated with?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages and interglacials

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ybp

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rainy

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate changes associated with the ice ages and interglacials

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages and interglacials

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global climate changes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages and interglacials

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene Epoch.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The Abbassia Pluvial

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages and interglacials

text: During the last ice age, continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska. The exact timing that these glaciations occurred remain uncertain. Likely, they occurred between two million to 600,000 years ago. During the last two million years, the climate alternated between cold and warm phases, respectively called "glacial" and "interglacial" periods instead of a continuous ice age. Clayey tills and large boulders, called "glacial erratics", were left on the hillsides during the period when ice sheets covered eastern Nebraska two or three times. During various periods of the remainder of the Pleistocene and into the Holocene, the glacial drift was buried by silty, wind-blown sediment called "loess".

text: During the last

text: ice age

text: , continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska. The exact timing that these glaciations occurred remain uncertain. Likely, they occurred between two million to 600,000 years ago. During the last two million years, the climate alternated between

text: cold and warm phases

text: , respectively called "

text: glacial

text: " and "

text: interglacial

text: " periods instead of a continuous ice age.

text: Clay

text: ey tills and large

text: boulder

text: s, called "

text: glacial erratic

text: s", were left on the hillsides during the period when ice sheets covered eastern Nebraska two or three times. During various periods of the remainder of the Pleistocene and into the Holocene, the glacial drift was buried by silty, wind-blown sediment called "

text: loess

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: During the last ice age, continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the last ice age occur?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sediment: clayey tills, large boulders, or loess?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial erratics

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the last ice age occur?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago was the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long did it take for the glacial drift to be buried?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the glacial drift to be buried by silt-blown sediment?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial drift

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a continuous ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: two million years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "glacial erratics",

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wind-blown sediment called "loess".

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: During the last ice age, continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cold and warm phases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the climate alternated between cold and warm phases,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the climate alternated between cold and warm phases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "glacial erratics",

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: During the last ice age, continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: continental ice sheets repeatedly covered eastern Nebraska.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "glacial" and "interglacial" periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: two million to 600,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: wind-blown sediment called "loess".

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cold and warm

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "glacial" and "interglacial" periods

text: Although the Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions, the country has committed to reduce its emissions voluntarily. In May 2007, President Calderón announced the National Climate Change Strategy which focuses on climate change as a central part of Mexico's national development policy. The ENACC sets the long-term climate change agenda for the country, together with medium to long-term goals for adaptation and mitigation. In December 2008, Mexico announced that it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050.

text: Although the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: does not require Mexico to reduce its

text: GHG

text: emissions, the country has committed to reduce its emissions voluntarily. In May 2007, President

text: Calderón

text: announced the National Climate Change Strategy which focuses on climate change as a central part of Mexico's national development policy. The ENACC sets the long-term climate change agenda for the country, together with medium to long-term goals for adaptation and mitigation. In December 2008, Mexico announced that it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Mexico has committed to reduce its emissions voluntarily

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2002

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after Mexico announced that it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after Mexico announced that it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050 did President Calderón announce the National Climate Change Strategy?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Mexico has committed to reduce its GHG emissions by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: adaptation and mitigation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Mexico announced it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Mexico announced it would reduce its GHG emissions?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years after Mexico announced it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years after Mexico announced it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, Mexico announced it would reduce its GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050 or President Calderón announced the National Climate Change Strategy?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the purpose of the National Climate Change Strategy?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: by 50%

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 50% below 2002 levels

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2002

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2002 levels by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mexico

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Mexico

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 50% below 2002 levels by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007, President Calderón announced the National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 50% below 2002 levels by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 50% below 2002 levels by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: National Climate Change Strategy

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: mitigation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the Kyoto Protocol does not require Mexico to reduce its GHG emissions,

text: Today's California condor is the sole surviving member of Gymnogyps and has no accepted subspecies. However, there is a Late Pleistocene form that is sometimes regarded as a palaeosubspecies, Gymnogyps californianus amplus. Current opinions are mixed regarding the classification of the form as a chronospecies or a separate species Gymnogyps amplus. Gymnogyps amplus occurred over much of the bird's historical range – even extending into Florida – but was larger, having about the same weight as the Andean condor. This bird also had a wider bill. As the climate changed during the last ice age, the entire population became smaller until it had evolved into the Gymnogyps californianus of today, although more recent studies by Syverson query that theory.

text: Today's California condor is the sole surviving member of Gymnogyps and has no accepted subspecies. However, there is a Late Pleistocene form that is sometimes regarded as a

text: palaeosubspecies

text: , Gymnogyps californianus amplus. Current opinions are mixed regarding the classification of the form as a chronospecies or a separate species Gymnogyps amplus. Gymnogyps amplus occurred over much of the bird's historical range – even extending into Florida – but was larger, having about the same weight as the

text: Andean condor

text: . This bird also had a wider bill. As the climate changed during the last

text: ice age

text: , the entire population became smaller until it had evolved into the Gymnogyps californianus of today, although more recent studies by Syverson query that theory.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: today's California condor is the sole surviving member of Gymnogyps

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Gymnogyps amplus

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the bird that has a wider bill?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Gymnogyps californianus amplus

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: California condor

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the climate change during the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the climate change during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How did the climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Syverson

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the entire population became smaller

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate changed during the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: subspecies.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: California condor

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more recent studies by Syverson query that theory.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Gymnogyps californianus

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: more recent studies by Syverson query that theory.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: more recent studies by Syverson query that theory.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: more recent studies by Syverson

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age,

text: Ice core samples were taken from Upper Fremont Glacier in 1990-1991. These ice cores were analyzed for climatic changes as well as alterations of atmospheric chemicals. In 1998 an unbroken ice core sample of  was taken from the glacier and subsequent analysis of the ice showed an abrupt change in the oxygen isotope ratio oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in conjunction with what is widely regarded as the end of the Little Ice Age, a period of cooler global temperatures between the years 1550 and 1850. A linkage was established with a similar ice core study which had been undertaken on the Quelccaya Ice Cap in Peru, which also demonstrated the same changes in the oxygen isotope ratio during the same period. The climatic implications from the ice cores taken from both sites support evidence of a sudden global climate change during the mid 19th century.

text: Ice core

text: samples were taken from Upper Fremont Glacier in 1990-1991. These ice cores were analyzed for climatic changes as well as alterations of atmospheric chemicals. In 1998 an unbroken ice core sample of  was taken from the glacier and subsequent analysis of the ice showed an abrupt change in the

text: oxygen isotope ratio

text: to oxygen-16 in conjunction with what is widely regarded as the end of the

text: Little Ice Age

text: , a period of cooler global temperatures between the years 1550 and 1850. A linkage was established with a similar ice core study which had been undertaken on the

text: Quelccaya Ice Cap

text: in

text: Peru

text: , which also demonstrated the same changes in the oxygen isotope ratio during the same period. The climatic implications from the ice cores taken from both sites support evidence of a sudden global climate change during the mid 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a sudden global climate change during the mid 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: were taken from Upper Fremont Glacier

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Ice cores, and alterations of atmospheric chemicals

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: alterations of atmospheric chemicals

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: did not occur during the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooler global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the mid 19th century

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the Little Ice Age end?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Little Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did the ice cores support evidence of a sudden global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, ice cores, or glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 1550 to 1850

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sudden global climate change during the mid 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: mid 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: alterations of atmospheric chemicals.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: alterations of atmospheric chemicals.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: alterations of atmospheric chemicals.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: end of the Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooler global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic changes as well as alterations of atmospheric chemicals.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sudden global climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Ice core samples were taken from Upper Fremont Glacier in 1990-1991.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sudden global climate change during the mid 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age,

text: Cypresses, such as the bald cypress, and their relatives once covered much of the northern temperate zone. It is thought that these trees disappeared from the BCCS area during the most recent Pleistocene glaciation ("Ice Age"), but then reappeared around 5,000 to 10,000 years ago as the climate warmed.

text: Cypress

text: es, such as the bald cypress, and their relatives once covered much of the northern

text: temperate zone

text: . It is thought that these trees disappeared from the BCCS area during the most recent

text: Pleistocene

text: glaciation

text: ("Ice Age"), but then reappeared around 5,000 to 10,000 years ago as the climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Cypresses once covered much of the northern temperate zone.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 5,000 to 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the climate warmed?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in "Ice Age" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Cypresses

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Cypresses

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could have caused the bald cypress

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Cypresses

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: Pleistocene glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift: plate tectonics or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ("Ice Age"),

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 5,000 to 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene glaciation ("Ice Age"),

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene glaciation ("Ice Age"),

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene glaciation ("Ice Age"),

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Cypresses,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene glaciation

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 5,000 to 10,000 years ago as the climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ("Ice Age"),

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 5,000 to 10,000 years ago as the climate warmed.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ("Ice Age"),

text: Part I, comprising the first four chapters of the book, reviews the science of climate change, setting forth the evidence that humans are causing an unprecedented increase in carbon emissions that is, in turn causing global warming. The book describes the consequences of unchecked climate change, such as destruction of coastal cities due to rising sea levels and mega-hurricanes; increasing droughts and deadly water shortages; infestation of insects into new ranges; and increased famines, heat waves, forest fires and desertification. The book sets forth the research on "feedback loops" that would contribute to accelerating climate change, including:

text: Part I, comprising the first four chapters of the book, reviews the science of

text: climate change

text: , setting forth the evidence that humans are causing an unprecedented increase in carbon emissions that is, in turn causing global warming. The book describes the consequences of unchecked climate change, such as destruction of coastal cities due to rising sea levels and mega-hurricanes; increasing droughts and deadly water shortages; infestation of insects into new ranges; and increased famines, heat waves, forest fires and

text: desertification

text: . The book sets forth the research on "feedback loops" that would contribute to accelerating climate change, including:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans are causing an unprecedented increase in carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of unchecked climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: famines

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasing droughts and deadly water shortages

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the troposphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The book describes the consequences of unchecked climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: mega-hurricanes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unchecked

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: destruction of coastal cities

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: humans are causing an unprecedented increase in carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans are causing an unprecedented increase in carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: famines,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: mega-hurricanes;

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasing droughts and deadly water shortages;

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unprecedented increase in carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: famines, heat waves, forest fires and desertification.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unprecedented increase in carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: infestation of insects into new ranges;

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: mega-hurricanes;

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "feedback loops"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: heat waves,

text: δ records show isotopic depletions that are consistent with a sea-level highstand, but temperature effect cannot be confidently disentangled from glacioeustasy. Moreover, the collapse of at least one major ice sheet has to be inferred in order to produce similar high sea-levels, nevertheless, the stability of these ice sheets is one of the main questions in climate-change research: in fact, controversial geologic evidences suggest that present-day polar ice sheets might have been disrupted (or drastically shrunk) during previous Pleistocene interglacials.

text: δ

text: records show isotopic depletions that are consistent with a sea-level highstand, but temperature effect cannot be confidently disentangled from glacioeustasy. Moreover, the collapse of at least one major ice sheet has to be inferred in order to produce similar high sea-levels, nevertheless, the stability of these ice sheets is one of the main questions in climate-change research: in fact, controversial geologic evidences suggest that present-day polar ice sheets might have been disrupted (or drastically shrunk) during previous Pleistocene interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: polar ice sheets might have been disrupted during previous Pleistocene interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sea-level highstand

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: sea-level highstand

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: high sea-levels

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause high sea-levels

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: high sea-levels

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during Pleistocene interglacials

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea-level highstand

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea-level highstand

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacioeustacy

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level highstand

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacioeustasy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: isotopic depletions

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the collapse of at least one major ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: high sea-levels,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: high sea-levels,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: polar ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacioeustasy.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level highstand,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sea-level highstand,

text: In contrast to meteorology, which studies short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions. Climatologists, those who practice climatology, study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

text: In contrast to

text: meteorology

text: , which studies short term

text: weather

text: systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions.

text: Climatologists

text: , those who practice climatology, study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help

text: predict

text: future

text: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human-induced factors that cause climates to change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1400

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change can be caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human-induced factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How long does a El Nio event typically last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term average weather patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climatologists

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: millennia

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years to millennia,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: years to millennia,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in long-term average weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatologists,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climatologists,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climatologists,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climatologists,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: changes in long-term average weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: millennia,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: meteorology,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes in long-term average weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: meteorology,

text: Recently the Canadian government has been accused of "hiding the truth" of global warming and cutting much needed funds to research and development programs. Graham Saul of Climate Action Network of Canada said, "This government says they take climate change seriously but they do nothing and try to hide the truth about climate change." The Guardian claims that 300,000 people die each year and 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change caused by global warming. However, internal government documents show that media coverage regarding global warming have been cut by 80 percent, and strict rules and regulations have blocked scientists from talking to reporters. Several science research bases across Canada have run out of government funding and were forced to shut down. Funding for the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmosphere Sciences, which researches the melting of polar ice and frequency of Arctic storms, is also drying up. Many climatology researchers across the globe believe that Canada is falling behind in climate science and because of this the world is not getting any information about what is happening in the Canadian Arctic. The Canadian government has admitted to eliminating government-funded climate research so there won't be any "bad news" about what is happening.

text: Recently the Canadian government has been accused of "hiding the truth" of global warming and cutting much needed funds to research and development programs. Graham Saul of Climate Action Network of Canada said, "This government says they take climate change seriously but they do nothing and try to hide the truth about climate change." The Guardian claims that 300,000 people die each year and 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change caused by global warming. However, internal government documents show that media coverage regarding global warming have been cut by 80 percent, and strict rules and regulations have blocked scientists from talking to reporters. Several science research bases across Canada have run out of government funding and were forced to shut down. Funding for the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmosphere Sciences, which researches the melting of polar ice and frequency of Arctic storms, is also drying up. Many climatology researchers across the globe believe that Canada is falling behind in climate science and because of this the world is not getting any information about what is happening in the Canadian Arctic. The Canadian government has admitted to eliminating government-funded climate research so there won't be any "bad news" about what is happening.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 300,000 people die each year

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by global warming: media coverage, strict rules and regulations, or strict rules and regulations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Canadian Arctic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change caused by global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of polar ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, global warming, or Arctic storms?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is true of the Canadian government?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What is happening in the Canadian Arctic?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 125 billion dollars

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is true of the Canadian government?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 300,000 people die each year

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Arctic storms,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: gradual climate change caused by global warming.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: government-funded climate research

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Arctic storms,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of polar ice and frequency of Arctic storms,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Arctic storms,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: media coverage regarding global warming have been cut by 80 percent,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: gradual climate change caused by global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Canadian government has admitted to eliminating government-funded climate research

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 80 percent,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 125 billion dollars are lost a year to gradual climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Arctic storms,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting of polar ice

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melting of polar ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 300,000 people die each year

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of polar ice

text: In the 1950s, research suggested increasing temperatures, and a 1952 newspaper reported "climate change". This phrase next appeared in a November 1957 report in The Hammond Times which described Roger Revelle's research into the effects of increasing human-caused  emissions on the greenhouse effect, "a large scale global warming, with radical climate changes may result". Both phrases were only used occasionally until 1975, when Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic; "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?" The phrase began to come into common use, and in 1976 Mikhail Budyko's statement that "a global warming up has started" was widely reported. Other studies, such as a 1971 MIT report, referred to the human impact as "inadvertent climate modification", but an influential 1979 National Academy of Sciences study headed by Jule Charney followed Broecker in using global warming for rising surface temperatures, while describing the wider effects of increased  as climate change.

text: In the 1950s, research suggested increasing temperatures, and a 1952 newspaper reported "climate change". This phrase next appeared in a November 1957 report in

text: The Hammond Times

text: which described

text: Roger Revelle

text: 's research into the effects of increasing human-caused  emissions on the

text: greenhouse effect

text: , "a large scale global warming, with radical climate changes may result". Both phrases were only used occasionally until 1975, when

text: Wallace Smith Broecker

text: published a scientific paper on the topic; "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?" The phrase began to come into common use, and in 1976

text: Mikhail Budyko

text: 's statement that "a global warming up has started" was widely reported. Other studies, such as a 1971

text: MIT

text: report, referred to the human impact as "inadvertent climate modification", but an influential 1979

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: study headed by

text: Jule Charney

text: followed Broecker in using global warming for rising surface temperatures, while describing the wider effects of increased  as climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: inadvertent climate modification

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1975

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic did Mikhail Budyko's statement that "a global warming up has started"?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What did Wallace Smith Broecker study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What caused global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-caused

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many phrases were only used occasionally until 1975?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did Wallace Smith Broecker say?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did the phrase begin to come into common use?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of greenhouse gases: blocking sunlight and cooling the planet?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming up has started

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "inadvertent climate modification",

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: large scale global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1975,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human-caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "inadvertent climate modification",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rising surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rising surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rising surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "inadvertent climate modification",

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1975,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: radical climate changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1975,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large scale global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 1950s, research suggested increasing temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global Warming?"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global Warming?"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "a large scale global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-caused emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "climate change".

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1950s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising surface temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse effect,

text: In the same general period that scientists first suspected climate change and ice ages, Joseph Fourier, in 1824, found that Earth's atmosphere kept the planet warmer than would be the case in a vacuum.  Fourier recognized that the atmosphere transmitted visible light waves efficiently to the earth's surface. The earth then absorbed visible light and emitted infrared radiation in response, but the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently, which therefore increased surface temperatures.  He also suspected that human activities could influence climate, although he focused primarily on land use changes.  In an 1827 paper Fourier stated, "The establishment and progress of human societies, the action of natural forces, can notably change, and in vast regions, the state of the surface, the distribution of water and the great movements of the air. Such effects are able to make to vary, in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat; because the analytic expressions contain coefficients relating to the state of the surface and which greatly influence the temperature."

text: In the same general period that scientists first suspected climate change and ice ages,

text: Joseph Fourier

text: , in 1824, found that Earth's atmosphere kept the planet warmer than would be the case in a vacuum.  Fourier recognized that the atmosphere transmitted

text: visible light

text: waves efficiently to the earth's surface. The earth then absorbed visible light and emitted

text: infrared radiation

text: in response, but the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently, which therefore increased surface temperatures.  He also suspected that human activities could influence climate, although he focused primarily on land use changes.  In an 1827 paper Fourier stated, "The establishment and progress of human societies, the action of natural forces, can notably change, and in vast regions, the state of the surface, the distribution of water and the great movements of the air. Such effects are able to make to vary, in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat; because the analytic expressions contain coefficients relating to the state of the surface and which greatly influence the temperature."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the atmosphere did not transmit infrared radiation efficiently

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: average degree of heat

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1827

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are able to make to vary, in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation: visible light, infrared radiation, or ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities could influence climate, although he focused primarily on land use

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can make to vary, in the course of many centuries

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the course of many centuries

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which is not true according to the passage?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the average degree of heat?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the average degree of heat

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a vacuum.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: average degree of heat;

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1824,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: land use changes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat;

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1824,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "The establishment and progress of human societies, the action of natural forces,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1827

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human societies,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice ages, Joseph Fourier, in 1824,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice ages, Joseph Fourier,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Joseph Fourier,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice ages, Joseph Fourier,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the atmosphere did not transmit infrared efficiently,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increased surface temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1824,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages, Joseph Fourier, in 1824,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages, Joseph Fourier, in 1824,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: vary, in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat;

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages,

text: Through deforestation and agriculture, some scientists have proposed a human component in some historical climatic changes. Human-started fires have been implicated in the transformation of much of Australia from grassland to desert. If true, this would show that non-industrialized societies could have a role in influencing regional climate. Deforestation, desertification and the salinization of soils may have contributed to or caused other climatic changes throughout human history.

text: Through deforestation and agriculture, some scientists have proposed a human component in some historical climatic changes. Human-started fires have been implicated in the transformation of much of Australia from grassland to desert. If true, this would show that non-industrialized societies could have a role in influencing regional climate.

text: Deforestation

text: desertification

text: and the

text: salinization

text: of soils may have contributed to or caused other climatic changes throughout human history.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: non-industrialized societies could have a role in influencing regional climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: deforestation, desertification or agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: deforestation, desertification, or agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Deforestation, desertification and the salinization of soils may have contributed to or caused other climatic changes throughout human history

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a change in the climate of what country?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: salinization of soils

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate changes: deforestation and agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human-started fires

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: salinization

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: non-industrialized societies could have a role in influencing regional climate.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Human-started fires

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Human-started fires

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation and agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Through deforestation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: non-industrialized societies could have a role in influencing regional climate.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: some scientists have proposed a human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: some scientists have proposed a human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: non-industrialized societies

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Through deforestation and agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human component in some historical climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: salinization

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climatic changes.

text: Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.  Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

text: Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's

text: climate system

text: and its related effects.  Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and

text: atmosphere

text: . Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens to thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming and climate change are terms for what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the oceans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the term for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What has melted ice and warmed the continents?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Many of the observed changes since the 1950s

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 1950s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: popular press,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: melted ice and warmed the continents

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 1970 has gone into the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: tens to thousands of years.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melted ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melted ice

text: Many species of Pleistocene megafauna, like the woolly rhinoceros, became extinct around the same time period. Human hunting is often cited as one cause. Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climate change associated with the receding Ice age and the hyperdisease hypothesis (q.v. Quaternary extinction event). One of the more widely accepted theories states that, although the woolly rhinoceros was specialized for cold weather, it was capable of surviving in warmer climates (Shapiro). This suggests that climate change was not the only factor contributing to the rhinoceros's extinction (Naish). Other cold-adapted species, such as reindeer, muskox and wisent, survived this period of climatic change and many others like it, supporting the 'overkill' hypothesis for the woolly rhino.

text: Many species of Pleistocene

text: megafauna

text: , like the woolly rhinoceros, became extinct around the same time period. Human

text: hunting

text: is often cited as one cause. Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climate change associated with the receding

text: Ice age

text: and the hyperdisease hypothesis (q.v.

text: Quaternary extinction event

text: ). One of the more widely accepted theories states that, although the woolly rhinoceros was specialized for cold weather, it was capable of surviving in warmer climates (Shapiro). This suggests that climate change was not the only factor contributing to the rhinoceros's extinction (Naish). Other cold-adapted species, such as

text: reindeer

text: muskox

text: and

text: wisent

text: , survived this period of climatic change and many others like it, supporting the 'overkill' hypothesis for the woolly rhino.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the woolly rhinoceros was specialized for cold weather

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Quaternary extinction event

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of extinction: climate change associated with the receding Ice age or the hyperdisease hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age and the hyperdisease hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human hunting

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: woolly rhinoceros

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could have contributed to the woolly rhino's extinction

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How is climate change associated with the receding Ice age?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a theory: climate change associated with the receding Ice age or hyperdisease hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the woolly rhino

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Quaternary extinction event

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: hyperdisease hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Human hunting

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human hunting

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Human hunting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer climates

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warmer climates

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change associated with the receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Quaternary extinction event).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: receding Ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cold weather, it was capable of surviving in warmer climates

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: receding Ice age

text: A 1990 meeting held in Grenoble, France, served as a site of discussion regarding national ice coring efforts and the possibility of international collaboration between the world’s top scientists.  As a result, nineteen nations worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, the U.K. and the United States, teamed up to study the surface and subsurface record of Antarctica’s ice cores.  These countries agreed that an understanding of Antarctica’s climate and atmospheric composition (gathered through ice core examination) would provide greater insight into the understanding of climate change on a global level.

text: A 1990 meeting held in

text: Grenoble

text: France

text: , served as a site of discussion regarding national ice coring efforts and the possibility of international collaboration between the world’s top scientists.  As a result, nineteen nations worldwide, including

text: Australia

text: Brazil

text: Canada

text: China

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Japan

text: Norway

text: Russia

text: Sweden

text: Switzerland

text: , the

text: U.K.

text: and the

text: United States

text: , teamed up to study the surface and subsurface record of Antarctica’s ice cores.  These countries agreed that an understanding of Antarctica’s climate and atmospheric composition (gathered through ice core examination) would provide greater insight into the understanding of climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Antarctica’s ice core examination would provide greater insight into the understanding of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What would provide greater insight into the understanding of climate change on a global level?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change would provide greater insight into what on a global level?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice core examination

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would provide greater insight into the understanding of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Antarctica’s ice cores

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Antarctica

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a country: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a country: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, the U.K. and the United States

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctica’s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice core

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Antarctica’s climate and atmospheric composition

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Japan, Norway, Russia,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice coring efforts

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice coring efforts

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Antarctica’s

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctica’s

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Japan, Norway, Russia,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: nineteen nations worldwide,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: nineteen

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: nineteen

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Canada,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Japan, Norway, Russia,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice cores.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Japan,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change on a global level.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctica’s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice cores.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Antarctica’s

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Japan,

text: A question that frequently arises in popular discussion of climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.  Several scientific organizations have explicitly used the term "consensus" in their statements:

text: A question that frequently arises in popular discussion of climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.  Several scientific organizations have explicitly used the term "consensus" in their statements:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase over the next 50 years.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all causes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Context: Small changes in temperature can make big changes in climate

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: There is a scientific consensus that global warming will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large changes in Earths climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Context: Plate tectonics may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: An enormous volcanic eruption would increase Earths temperature.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: There is no consensus on this claim.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: There is no scientific consensus on climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "consensus"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The term "consensus" is used to describe a scientific consensus on a particular topic.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "consensus"

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "consensus"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: a scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "consensus"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change is whether there is a scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: a scientific consensus on climate change.

text: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake that formed about 12,000 years ago, at the end of the Pleistocene ice age.

text: Burnaby Lake is a

text: glacial lake

text: that formed about 12,000 years ago, at the end of the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake that formed about 12,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial lakes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a glacial lake to form

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: glacial lake forms

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a change in climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Pleistocene ice age was a geological time period.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tectonic movement: plate tectonics or ocean currents?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a few degrees

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a few degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12,000

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Burnaby Lake

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Burnaby Lake

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice age.

text: The potential effects of climate change and the security of infrastructure will have the most direct effect on the poverty cycle. Areas of infrastructure effects will include water systems, housing and settlements, transport networks, utilities, and industry. Infrastructure designers can contribute in three areas for improving living environment for the poor, in building design, in settlement planning and design as well as in urban planning. The National Research Council has identified five climate changes of particular importance to infrastructure and factors that should be taken into consideration when designing future structures. These factors include: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures, rising sea levels, increases in intense precipitation events, and increases in hurricane intensity. The UK Climate Impacts Program established the Building Knowledge for a Changing Climate program, which works to strategize urban design in order to adapt to and diminish the effects of climate change (36). Under this program, architects, such as the American architect Michael Graves, consider that buildings, depending on their locations, are more vulnerable or more susceptible to flooding impacts. Green infrastructure, which absorbs rainwater, could alleviate some of these flood concerns, particularly in cities with little green space (36). Accordingly, transportation decision makers continually make short- and long-term investment decisions that affect how infrastructure will respond to climate change.

text: The potential effects of climate change and the security of

text: infrastructure

text: will have the most direct effect on the poverty cycle. Areas of infrastructure effects will include water systems, housing and settlements, transport networks, utilities, and industry. Infrastructure designers can contribute in three areas for improving living environment for the poor, in

text: building design

text: , in settlement planning and design as well as in

text: urban planning

text: . The

entity_name: National Research Council (United States)

text: National Research Council

text: has identified five climate changes of particular importance to infrastructure and factors that should be taken into consideration when designing future structures. These factors include: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in

text: Arctic

text: temperatures, rising sea levels, increases in intense

text: precipitation

text: events, and increases in hurricane intensity. The UK Climate Impacts Program established the Building Knowledge for a Changing Climate program, which works to strategize urban design in order to adapt to and diminish the effects of climate change (36). Under this program, architects, such as the American architect Michael Graves, consider that buildings, depending on their locations, are more vulnerable or more susceptible to flooding impacts.

text: Green infrastructure

text: , which absorbs rainwater, could alleviate some of these flood concerns, particularly in cities with little

text: green space

text: (36). Accordingly, transportation decision makers continually make short- and long-term investment decisions that affect how

text: infrastructure

text: will respond to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increasing in Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a factor of climate change: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures, rising sea levels, increases in intense precipitation events, and increases in hurricane intensity?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a factor of climate change: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures, rising sea levels, increases in intense precipitation events, or increases in hurricane intensity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a factor of climate change: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures, rising sea levels, intensified precipitation events, and increases in hurricane intensity?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change and the security of infrastructure

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: very hot days and heat waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many climate changes are of particular importance to infrastructure?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many climate changes of particular importance to infrastructure and factors that should be taken into consideration when designing future structures?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: Arctic temperatures, rising sea levels, intense precipitation events, or hurricane intensity?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Increases in very hot days

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How many factors of particular importance to infrastructure and factors that should be taken into consideration when designing future structures?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most direct effect on the poverty cycle?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Green infrastructure absorbs rainwater, which alleviates some of these flood concerns

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that should be taken into consideration when designing future structures?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increases in very hot days

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: poverty cycle.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Green infrastructure,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hurricane intensity.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: five

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Green infrastructure,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: hurricane intensity.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Green infrastructure,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Green infrastructure,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increases in very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Arctic temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: very hot days and heat waves,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: increases in Arctic temperatures,

text: The popular media in the U.S. gives greater attention to climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole, and the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated. In some cases, news outlets have allowed climate change skeptics to explain the science of climate change instead of experts in climatology. US and UK media coverage differ from that presented in other countries, where reporting is more consistent with the scientific literature. Some journalists attribute the difference to climate change denial being propagated, mainly in the US, by business-centered organizations employing tactics worked out previously by the US tobacco lobby. In France, the US and the UK, the opinions of climate change skeptics appear much more frequently in conservative news outlets than other news, and in many cases those opinions are left uncontested.

text: The popular media in the U.S. gives greater attention to climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole, and the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated. In some cases, news outlets have allowed climate change skeptics to explain the science of climate change instead of experts in climatology. US and

text: UK

text: media coverage differ from that presented in other countries, where reporting is more consistent with the scientific literature. Some journalists attribute the difference to climate change denial being propagated, mainly in the US, by business-centered organizations employing tactics worked out previously by the

text: US tobacco lobby

text: . In

text: France

text: , the US and the UK, the opinions of climate change skeptics appear much more frequently in conservative news outlets than other news, and in many cases those opinions are left uncontested.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: uncontested

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have not been accurately communicated

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change denial

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: business-centered organizations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tobacco lobby

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change skeptics?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the US

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: uncontested

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: uncontested

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: US and UK media coverage differ

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: uncontested

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denial

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: tobacco lobby.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: tobacco lobby.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: US tobacco lobby.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatology.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: France,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change instead of experts in climatology.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change instead of experts in climatology.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change instead of experts in climatology.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change instead of experts in climatology.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change instead of experts in climatology.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change skeptics

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: US and UK media coverage differ from that presented in other countries,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change skeptics

text: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene, numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets in North America and Europe, have occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. These long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter interglacials.

text: During the 2.5 million year span of the

text: Pleistocene

text: , numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets in North America and Europe, have occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. These long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacial periods were separated by longer interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: do not occur in the solar system

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets in North America

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacials

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacials

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause ice sheets to advance

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in North America and Europe

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacials

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: more temperate and shorter interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 40,000 to 100,000 years.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacials,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets in North America and Europe,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the 2.5 million year span of the Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacials.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacials,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacials.

text: Christopher DeMuth, former AEI president, accepted that the earth has warmed in recent decades, but he stated that "it's not clear why this happened" and charged as well that the IPCC "has tended to ignore many distinguished physicists and meteorologists whose work casts doubt on the influence of greenhouse gases on global temperature trends". Fellow James Glassman also disputes the prevailing scientific opinion on climate change, having written numerous articles criticizing the Kyoto accords and climate science more generally for Tech Central Station.He has supported the views of U.S. Senator Jim Inhofe, who claims that “global warming is ‘the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people,’” and, like Green, cites Crichton's novel State of Fear, which "casts serious doubt on global warming and extremists who espouse it".Joel Schwartz, an AEI visiting fellow, stated: "The Earth has indeed warmed during the last few decades and may warm further in the future. But the pattern of climate change is not consistent with the greenhouse effect being the main cause."

text: Christopher DeMuth

text: , former AEI president, accepted that the earth has warmed in recent decades, but he stated that "it's not clear why this happened" and charged as well that the IPCC "has tended to ignore many distinguished physicists and meteorologists whose work casts doubt on the influence of greenhouse gases on global temperature trends". Fellow James Glassman also disputes the prevailing

text: scientific opinion on climate change

text: , having written numerous articles criticizing the Kyoto accords and climate science more generally for

text: Tech Central Station

text: .He has supported the views of U.S. Senator

text: Jim Inhofe

text: , who claims that “global warming is ‘the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people,’” and, like Green, cites Crichton's novel

text: State of Fear

text: , which "casts serious doubt on global warming and extremists who espouse it".Joel Schwartz, an AEI visiting fellow, stated: "The Earth has indeed warmed during the last few decades and may warm further in the future. But the pattern of climate change is not consistent with the greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the greenhouse effect being the main cause

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: may warm further in the future

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: State of Fear

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperature trends

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's not clear

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature trends

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto accords

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: the earth has warmed in recent decades,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto accords

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global temperature trends".

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Christopher DeMuth,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto accords

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: meteorologists

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: meteorologists

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Christopher DeMuth,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the pattern of climate change is not consistent with the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: the earth has warmed in recent decades,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Christopher DeMuth,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Christopher DeMuth,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse effect being the main cause."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the earth has warmed

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the earth has warmed in recent decades,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the earth has warmed in recent decades,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperature trends".

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: greenhouse effect

text: Global warming is the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production. Such massive alteration of the global carbon cycle has only been possible because of the availability and deployment of advanced technologies, ranging in application from fossil fuel exploration, extraction, distribution, refining, and combustion in power plants and automobile engines and advanced farming practices. Livestock contributes to climate change both thru the production of greenhouse gases and thru destruction of carbon sinks such as rain-forests. According to the 2006 United Nations/FAO report, 18% of all greenhouse gas emissions found in the atmosphere are due to livestock. The raising of livestock and the land needed to feed them has resulted in the destruction millions of acres of Rainforest and as global demand for meat rises, so too will the demand for land. Ninety-one percent of all rainforest land deforested since 1970 is now used for livestock.  Potential negative environmental impacts caused by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are rising global air temperatures, altered hydrogeological cycles resulting in more frequent and severe droughts, storms, and floods, as well as sea level rise and ecosystem disruption.

text: Global warming

text: is the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production. Such massive alteration of the global carbon cycle has only been possible because of the availability and deployment of advanced technologies, ranging in application from fossil fuel exploration, extraction, distribution, refining, and combustion in power plants and automobile engines and advanced farming practices. Livestock contributes to climate change both thru the production of greenhouse gases and thru destruction of

text: carbon sinks

text: such as rain-forests. According to the 2006 United Nations/FAO report, 18% of all greenhouse gas emissions found in the atmosphere are due to livestock. The raising of livestock and the land needed to feed them has resulted in the destruction millions of acres of Rainforest and as global demand for meat rises, so too will the demand for land. Ninety-one percent of all rainforest land deforested since 1970 is now used for livestock.  Potential negative environmental impacts caused by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are rising global air temperatures, altered hydrogeological cycles resulting in more frequent and severe droughts, storms, and floods, as well as sea level rise and ecosystem disruption.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: livestock contributes to climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of all greenhouse gas emissions found in the atmosphere are due to livestock?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity, or cement production?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: petroleum, coal, or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil energy sources

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: destruction of forests

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many percent of all greenhouse gas emissions found in the atmosphere are due to livestock?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more frequent and severe droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many percent of all rainforest land deforested since 1970?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: global demand for meat rises, storms, or floods?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many degrees

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a negative environmental impact caused by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: altered hydrogeological cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global air temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 18% of all greenhouse gas emissions found in the atmosphere are due to livestock.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: combustion of fossil energy sources

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cement production.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rising global air temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Livestock

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: rising global air temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ecosystem disruption.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: livestock.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: more frequent and severe droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: livestock.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: droughts, storms, and floods,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising global air temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts,

text: One of the major cycles that humans can contribute to that cause a major impact on climate change is the nitrogen cycle. This comes from nitrogen fertilizers that us humans are using. Gruber and Galloway have researched, "The massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle caused by the production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers worldwide has led to a range of environmental problems. Most important is how the availability of nitrogen will affect the capacity of Earth's biosphere to continue absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and to thereby continue helping to mitigate climate change."

text: One of the major cycles that humans can contribute to that cause a major impact on

text: climate change

text: is the

text: nitrogen cycle

text: . This comes from nitrogen fertilizers that us humans are using. Gruber and Galloway have researched, "The massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle caused by the production and industrial use of artificial

text: nitrogen

text: fertilizers worldwide has led to a range of environmental problems. Most important is how the availability of nitrogen will affect the capacity of Earth's biosphere to continue absorbing

text: carbon

text: from the

text: atmosphere

text: and to thereby continue helping to mitigate climate change."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Humans are not causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cycle that humans can contribute to that cause a major impact on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Nitrogen fertilizers, and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: absorbing carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can humans contribute to that cause a major impact on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a negative effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cycle that humans can contribute to that cause a major impact on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mitigate climate change."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon from the atmosphere and to thereby continue helping to mitigate climate change."

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: absorbing carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: nitrogen cycle. This comes from nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: nitrogen cycle caused by the production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: nitrogen cycle. This comes from nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: nitrogen cycle. This comes from nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: production and industrial use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: nitrogen cycle.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: nitrogen cycle.

text: The origins of the abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

text: The origins of the abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last ice age was caused by human activity.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: can cause climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers melting

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: is not possible to answer

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is an example of a climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: are unknown

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: are unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: are discussed in this article.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what would happen to the Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: How do greenhouse gases affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The origins of the abrupt climate changes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: origins of the abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: last ice age.

text: Early anthropocene -Earth Hour -Earth's atmosphere -Earth's energy budget -EarthLab -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet -Eco-efficiency -Ecological Forecasting -Ecotax -Effect of climate change on plant biodiversity -Effects of climate change on marine mammals -Effects of global warming on oceans -Effects of global warming - Effects of global warming on Australia - Effects of global warming on India -Efficient energy use -El Niño (ENSO) -Emission inventory -Emission Reduction Unit -Emission standards -Emissions trading -Energie-Cités -Energy Autonomy -Energy conservation -Energy forestry -Energy poverty -Enteric fermentation -Environmental crime -Environmental impact of aviation -Environmental skepticism -European Climate Forum -Evidence of global warming - Externality

text: Early anthropocene

text: Earth Hour

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: Earth's energy budget

text: EarthLab

text: Earthshine

text: East Antarctic Ice Sheet

text: Eco-efficiency

text: Ecological Forecasting

text: Ecotax

entity_name: Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity

text: Effect of climate change on plant biodiversity

entity_name: Effects of global warming on marine mammals

text: Effects of climate change on marine mammals

text: Effects of global warming on oceans

text: Effects of global warming

text: Effects of global warming on Australia

text: Effects of global warming on India

text: Efficient energy use

text: El Niño

text: (ENSO) -

text: Emission inventory

text: Emission Reduction Unit

text: Emission standards

text: Emissions trading

text: Energie-Cités

entity_name: Energy Autonomy: The Economic, Social & Technological Case for Renewable Energy

text: Energy Autonomy

text: Energy conservation

text: Energy forestry

text: Energy poverty

text: Enteric fermentation

text: Environmental crime

text: Environmental impact of aviation

text: Environmental skepticism

text: European Climate Forum

text: Evidence of global warming

text: Externality

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Effects of global warming on Australia

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Emission Reduction Unit

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Emissions trading

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Ni o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Effects of global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Emissions trading

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Effects of global warming on Australia

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Effects of climate change on marine mammals

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth Hour

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Efficient energy use

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Effects of global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Evidence of global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Nio

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: -Emission inventory -Emission Reduction Unit

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Externality

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Effect of climate change on plant biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -European Climate Forum

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -Effects of global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: -European Climate Forum

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: marine mammals

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: -Effects of global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: -Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: -Evidence of global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Early anthropocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

text: ExxonMobil was a significant influence in preventing ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the United States. ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol and seeking to undermine public opinion about the scientific consensus that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Exxon was a founding member of the board of directors of the Global Climate Coalition, composed of businesses opposed to greenhouse gas emission regulation. According to Mother Jones magazine, between 2000 and 2003 ExxonMobil channelled at least $8,678,450 to forty organizations that employed disinformation campaigns including "skeptic propaganda masquerading as journalism" to influence the opinion of the public and political leaders about global warming. ExxonMobil has funded, among other groups, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Heartland Institute, the American Legislative Exchange Council and the International Policy Network. Since the Kyoto Protocol, Exxon has given more than $20 million to organizations supporting climate change denial.

text: ExxonMobil was a significant influence in preventing ratification of the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: by the United States. ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol and seeking to undermine public opinion about the scientific consensus that

text: global warming

text: is caused by the burning of

text: fossil fuel

text: s. Exxon was a founding member of the board of directors of the

text: Global Climate Coalition

text: , composed of businesses opposed to greenhouse gas emission regulation. According to

text: Mother Jones

text: magazine, between 2000 and 2003 ExxonMobil channelled at least $8,678,450 to forty organizations that employed disinformation campaigns including "skeptic propaganda masquerading as journalism" to influence the opinion of the public and political leaders about global warming. ExxonMobil has funded, among other groups, the

text: Competitive Enterprise Institute

text: George C. Marshall Institute

text: Heartland Institute

text: , the

text: American Legislative Exchange Council

text: and the

text: International Policy Network

text: . Since the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: , Exxon has given more than $20 million to organizations supporting climate change denial.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What was ExxonMobil a founding member of?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many organizations did ExxonMobil channel at least $8,678,450 to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did ExxonMobil channel at least $8,678,450 to forty organizations that employed disinformation campaigns?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many organizations did ExxonMobil give more than $20 million to?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How much did ExxonMobil give to organizations supporting climate change denial?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a group: the Competitive Enterprise Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Heartland Institute, the American Legislative Exchange Council and the International Policy Network?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: exxon

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: between 2000 and 2003

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: exxon

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change denial.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: burning of fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Kyoto Protocol by the United States.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2000 and 2003

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: burning of fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Kyoto Protocol by the United States.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: burning of fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol

text: Schmitt's view on climate change diverges from the frequently reported scientific consensus, as he emphasizes natural over human factors as driving climate.  Schmitt has expressed the view that the risks posed by climate change are overrated, and suggests instead that climate change is a tool for people who are trying to increase the size of government. He resigned his membership in the Planetary Society because of its stance on the subject, writing in his resignation letter that the "global warming scare is being used as a political tool to increase government control over American lives, incomes and decision-making." He spoke at the March 2009 International Conference on Climate Change sponsored by the Heartland Institute. He appeared in December that year on the Fox Business Network, saying "[t]he CO scare is a red herring".

text: Schmitt's view on climate change diverges from the frequently reported scientific consensus, as he emphasizes natural over human factors as driving climate.  Schmitt has expressed the view that the risks posed by climate change are overrated, and suggests instead that climate change is a tool for people who are trying to increase the size of government. He resigned his membership in the

text: Planetary Society

text: because of its stance on the subject, writing in his resignation letter that the "global warming scare is being used as a political tool to increase government control over American lives, incomes and decision-making." He spoke at the March 2009

text: International Conference on Climate Change

text: sponsored by the

text: Heartland Institute

text: . He appeared in December that year on the

text: Fox Business Network

text: , saying "[t]he

text: CO

text: scare is a red herring".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the CO scare is a red herring

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO scare is a red herring

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Schmitt believe to be the cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO scare is a red herring

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: CO scare

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of Schmitt's resignation letter?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: natural over human factors as driving climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming scare

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO scare is a red herring

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming scare

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a tool for people who are trying to increase the size of government.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural over human factors

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the risks posed by climate change are overrated,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Schmitt's

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural over human factors

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: CO scare is a red herring".

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: CO scare is a red herring".

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: he emphasizes natural over human factors

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "global warming

text: The GRIP and GISP cores, each about 3000 m long, were drilled by European and US teams respectively on the summit of Greenland. Their usable record stretches back more than 100,000 years into the last interglacial. They agree (in the climatic history recovered) to a few metres above bedrock. However, the lowest portion of these cores cannot be interpreted, probably due to disturbed flow close to the bedrock. There is evidence the GISP2 cores contain an increasing structural disturbance which casts suspicion on features lasting centuries or more in the bottom 10% of the ice sheet. The more recent NorthGRIP ice core provides an undisturbed record to approx. 123,000 years before present. The results indicate that Holocene climate has been remarkably stable and have confirmed the occurrence of rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

text: The GRIP and GISP cores, each about 3000 m long, were drilled by European and US teams respectively on the summit of Greenland. Their usable record stretches back more than 100,000 years into the last interglacial. They agree (in the climatic history recovered) to a few metres above bedrock. However, the lowest portion of these cores cannot be interpreted, probably due to disturbed flow close to the bedrock. There is evidence the GISP2 cores contain an increasing structural disturbance which casts suspicion on features lasting centuries or more in the bottom 10% of the ice sheet. The more recent NorthGRIP ice core provides an undisturbed record to approx. 123,000 years before present. The results indicate that Holocene climate has been remarkably stable and have confirmed the occurrence of rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the lowest portion of these cores cannot be interpreted

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 123,000 years before present

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenland's ice core provides an undisturbed record

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: structural disturbance

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a few metres above bedrock

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be found on the summit of Greenland

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the lowest portion of these cores cannot be interpreted?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years before present did the NorthGRIP ice core provide an undisturbed record?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for a change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: what is the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climatic variation during the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Holocene climate has been remarkably stable

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: remarkably stable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: structural disturbance

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: disturbed flow close to the bedrock.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 100,000 years into the last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: GISP2 cores contain an increasing structural disturbance

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: remarkably stable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: last interglacial.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: disturbed flow

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rapid climatic variation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: rapid climatic variation during the last ice age.

text: G8+5 -Geoengineering -GFDL CM2.X -Glacial period -Global Change Master Directory -Global climate model -Global cooling -Global climate model (General Circulation Model) -Global dimming -Global warming -Global warming controversy -Global warming hiatus -Global warming period -Global warming potential -Greenhouse and icehouse Earth -Greenhouse debt -Greenhouse effect -Greenhouse gas -Greenhouse gas accounting -Greenhouse gas inventory -Gulf Stream

text: Geoengineering

entity_name: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model

text: GFDL CM2.X

text: Glacial period

text: Global Change Master Directory

text: Global climate model

text: Global cooling

text: Global climate model

text: (General Circulation Model) -

text: Global dimming

text: Global warming

text: Global warming controversy

text: Global warming hiatus

text: Global warming period

text: Global warming potential

text: Greenhouse and icehouse Earth

text: Greenhouse debt

text: Greenhouse effect

text: Greenhouse gas

text: Greenhouse gas accounting

text: Greenhouse gas inventory

text: Gulf Stream

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global cooling is not caused by global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Greenhouse gas accounting

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Gulf Stream

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Gulf Stream

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: G8+5

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: -Global warming -Global warming controversy -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: -Global warming -Global warming controversy -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: -Greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -Greenhouse and icehouse Earth

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: -Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: -Gulf Stream

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: -Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -Gulf Stream

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Global cooling -Global climate model (General Circulation Model)

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -Global dimming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: -Global climate model

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: -Greenhouse and icehouse Earth

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: -Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: -Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: -Global cooling -Global climate model (General Circulation Model)

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -Greenhouse and icehouse Earth

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: -Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: -Global warming -Global warming controversy -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: -Global warming -Global warming controversy -Global warming hiatus

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: -Glacial period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: -Global cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -Global cooling

text: As the looming threat of climate change and environmental disturbances becomes more and more immediate, so does the need for policy to combat the issue. As a relatively new phenomenon, climate change has yet to receive the political attention it deserves. However, the climate justice and climate change movements are gaining momentum on an international scale as both grass roots campaigns and supranational organizations begin to gain influence.  However, the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments around the world, as they have the political and monetary power to more effectively enforce their proposals.

text: As the looming threat of

text: climate change

text: and environmental disturbances becomes more and more immediate, so does the need for policy to combat the issue. As a relatively new phenomenon, climate change has yet to receive the political attention it deserves. However, the climate justice and

text: climate change

text: movements are gaining momentum on an international scale as both grass roots campaigns and supranational organizations begin to gain influence.  However, the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments around the world, as they have the political and monetary power to more effectively enforce their proposals.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relatively new phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: environmental disturbances, grass roots campaigns, or supranational organizations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change has yet to receive the political attention it deserves

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change movement?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the most significant and impacting changes come from

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most significant and impacting changes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: non-existent

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change has yet to receive the political attention it deserves.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: new phenomenon,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change and environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: As the looming threat of climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: national and state governments around the world,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change and environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the most significant and impacting changes come from national and state governments

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change and environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change and environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change and environmental disturbances

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: The correlation between the increasing intensity of storms and the progression of climate change was discussed by climate scientists. "Typhoons, hurricanes and all tropical storms draw their vast energy from the warmth of the sea. We know sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet, so that's a pretty direct influence of climate change on the nature of the storm," said Will Steffen, director of the Australian National University climate change institute. Myles Allen, head of the climate dynamics group at the University of Oxford, said that "The current consensus is that climate change is not making the risk of hurricanes any greater, but there are physical arguments and evidence that there is a risk of more intense hurricanes." The Huffington Post made the point that the 70% deforestation of the Philippines since 1900, as reported by the national Forest Management Bureau, made far more lethal flooding from cyclones like Haiyan more likely. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report had stated in September of the same year that "Time series of cyclone indices such as power dissipation, an aggregate compound of tropical cyclone frequency, duration, and intensity that measures total wind energy by tropical cyclones, show upward trends in the North Atlantic and weaker upward trends in the western North Pacific since the late 1970s."

text: The correlation between the increasing intensity of storms and the progression of climate change was discussed by climate scientists. "Typhoons, hurricanes and all tropical storms draw their vast energy from the warmth of the sea. We know sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet, so that's a pretty direct influence of climate change on the nature of the storm," said

text: Will Steffen

text: , director of the

text: Australian National University

text: climate change institute.

text: Myles Allen

text: , head of the climate dynamics group at the

text: University of Oxford

text: , said that "The current consensus is that climate change is not making the risk of hurricanes any greater, but there are physical arguments and evidence that there is a risk of more intense hurricanes." The Huffington Post made the point that the 70%

text: deforestation of the Philippines

text: since 1900, as reported by the national

entity_name: Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)

text: Forest Management Bureau

text: , made far more lethal flooding from cyclones like Haiyan more likely. The

text: IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

text: had stated in September of the same year that "Time series of cyclone indices such as power dissipation, an aggregate compound of tropical cyclone frequency, duration, and intensity that measures total wind energy by tropical cyclones, show upward trends in the North Atlantic and weaker upward trends in the western North Pacific since the late 1970s."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is not making the risk of hurricanes any greater

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: weaker upward trends

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is a direct influence of climate change on the nature of the storm?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of storm: Typhoons, hurricanes and all tropical storms?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation, and climate change are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change institute?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does Will Steffen say about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the late 1970s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is not making the risk of hurricanes any greater,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1900,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "Typhoons, hurricanes and all tropical storms

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 70% deforestation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 70% deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Haiyan

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1900,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change was discussed by climate scientists.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 70% deforestation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming pretty much around the planet,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea-surface temperatures are warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: tropical storms draw their vast energy from the warmth of the sea.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 70% deforestation

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 70% deforestation of the Philippines since 1900,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: weaker upward trends in the western North Pacific since the late 1970s."

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1900,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1900,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: weaker upward trends in the western North Pacific since the late 1970s."

text: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change commits industrialized countries to "[take] the lead" in reducing emissions. The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC has provided only limited financial support to developing countries to assist them in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Additionally, private sector investment in mitigation and adaptation could be discouraged in the short and medium term because of the 2008 global financial crisis.

text: Article 4.2 of the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: commits industrialized countries to "[take] the lead" in reducing emissions. The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC has provided only limited

text: financial

text: support to developing countries to assist them in climate change mitigation and

text: adaptation

text: . Additionally, private sector investment in mitigation and adaptation could be discouraged in the short and medium term because of the

text: 2008 global financial crisis

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC has provided only limited financial support to developing countries

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the U in "KYO" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: 2008 global financial crisis

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2008 global financial crisis

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could be discouraged because of the 2008 global financial crisis?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: reducing emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: reducing emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reducing emissions.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change mitigation and adaptation.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: adaptation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Article 4.2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2008 global financial crisis.

text: The socio-economic impacts of climate change are likely to be greatest in communities that face other stresses. For example, poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events, and are likely to be especially affected by climate change. In general, however, other changes (e.g., demographic and technological) are likely to have a greater effect on human society than climate change. On the other hand, major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes in natural and social systems. Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

text: The socio-economic impacts of climate change are likely to be greatest in communities that face other stresses. For example, poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events, and are likely to be especially affected by climate change. In general, however, other changes (e.g., demographic and technological) are likely to have a greater effect on human society than climate change. On the other hand, major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes in natural and social systems. Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events, and are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: non-marginal

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are likely to be greatest in communities that face other stresses

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather event: extreme weather events, or non-marginal impacts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change are likely to be greatest in communities that face other stresses

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: other changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: demographic and technological

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could occur with abrupt changes in natural and social systems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What are the non-marginal impacts of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: non-marginal

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: are likely to be especially affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: demographic and technological)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: abrupt changes in natural and social systems. Scientific understanding of abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: major ("non-marginal") impacts could occur with abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: abrupt changes in natural and social systems.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The socio-economic impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The socio-economic impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The socio-economic impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Scientific understanding of abrupt changes is limited.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: poor communities are vulnerable to extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The socio-economic impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: extreme weather events, and are likely to be especially affected by climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt changes

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The socio-economic impacts of climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather events,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extreme weather events,

text: The end of the Ice Age brought changes to the flora and fauna, which led to the extinction of the large game hunted by Paleo-Indians, such as giant sloth, mammoth, and other Pleistocene megafauna. Humans adapted to the new conditions by relying more heavily on farming. The adoption of agriculture as the primary mode of subsistence was gradual, taking up most of the Archaic period. It was accompanied by cultural changes in burial practices, art, and tools.

text: The end of the Ice Age brought changes to the flora and fauna, which led to the extinction of the large game hunted by Paleo-Indians, such as

text: giant sloth

text: mammoth

text: , and other

text: Pleistocene megafauna

text: . Humans adapted to the new conditions by relying more heavily on farming. The adoption of agriculture as the primary mode of subsistence was gradual, taking up most of the Archaic period. It was accompanied by cultural changes in burial practices, art, and tools.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the end of the Ice Age brought changes to the flora and fauna

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Archaic period

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Archaic period last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the end of the Ice Age?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing the extinction of large game hunted by Paleo-Indians

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: agriculture

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: burial practices

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the end of the Ice Age brought changes to the flora and fauna

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes to the flora and fauna

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long did it take for humans to adapt to the new conditions?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the end of the Ice Age or the extinction of the large game hunted by Paleo-Indians?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Paleo-Indians,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: gradual,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: farming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: farming.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene megafauna.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The end of the Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

text: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change was produced by a team led by Stern at HM Treasury, and was released in October 2006. In the Review, climate change is described as an economic externality. Stern has subsequently referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure:

text: The

text: Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

text: was produced by a team led by Stern at HM Treasury, and was released in October 2006. In the Review,

text: climate change

text: is described as an economic

text: externality

text: . Stern has subsequently referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Stern has referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure:

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of a type of crater in the Earth's crust?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Stern has described as the largest ever market failure:

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change externality

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the largest ever market failure:

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2006.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: economic externality.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic externality.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change is described as an economic externality.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2006.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change

text: Global dimming, a gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface, was observed from 1961 until at least 1990. Solid and liquid particles known as aerosols, produced by volcanoes and human-made pollutants, are thought to be the main cause of this dimming. They exert a cooling effect by increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight. The effects of the products of fossil fuel combustion – CO and aerosols – have partially offset one another in recent decades, so that net warming has been due to the increase in non-CO greenhouse gases such as methane. Radiative forcing due to aerosols is temporally limited due to the processes that remove aerosols from the atmosphere. Removal by clouds and precipitation gives tropospheric aerosols an atmospheric lifetime of only about a week, while stratospheric aerosols can remain for a few years. Carbon dioxide has a lifetime of a century or more, and as such, changes in aerosols will only delay climate changes due to carbon dioxide. Black carbon is second only to carbon dioxide for its contribution to global warming.

text: Global dimming

text: , a gradual reduction in the amount of global direct

text: irradiance

text: at the Earth's surface, was observed from 1961 until at least 1990.

text: Solid and liquid particles

text: known as aerosols, produced by volcanoes and human-made

text: pollutant

text: s, are thought to be the main cause of this dimming. They exert a cooling effect by increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight. The effects of the products of fossil fuel combustion – CO and aerosols – have partially offset one another in recent decades, so that net warming has been due to the increase in non-CO greenhouse gases such as methane. Radiative forcing due to aerosols is temporally limited due to the processes that remove aerosols from the atmosphere.

text: Removal by clouds and precipitation

text: gives tropospheric aerosols an

text: atmospheric lifetime

text: of only about a week, while

text: stratospheric

text: aerosols can remain for a few years. Carbon dioxide has a lifetime of a century or more, and as such, changes in aerosols will only delay climate changes due to carbon dioxide.

text: Black carbon

text: is second only to carbon dioxide for its contribution to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Carbon dioxide has a lifetime of a century or more

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: net warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long does methane last in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aerosol: aerosols, clouds, or methane?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO and aerosols have partially offset one another due to the increase in non-CO greenhouse gases such as what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years has global dimming been observed?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Global dimming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or methane?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did global dimming last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global dimming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate changes to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: methane, greenhouse gases, or aerosols?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: net warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global dimming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: net warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global dimming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: net warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1961

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: aerosols,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: CO and aerosols

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increase in non-CO greenhouse gases such as methane.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: methane.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Black carbon

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Black carbon

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Black carbon

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: aerosols,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Black carbon

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: aerosols,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Carbon dioxide has a lifetime of a century or more,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global dimming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global dimming,

text: ICSD collaborated with the Southern Africa Faith Communities Environment Institute and The Interfaith Declaration on Climate Change to organize two events in conjunction with the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference. The events featured a number of religious leaders and scientists who called for immediate action to address climate change. The speakers included Bishop Geoff Davis representing Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu, Christiana Figueres, head of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and Ela Gandhi, granddaughter of Mohandas Gandhi and a Member of Parliament in South Africa from 1994-2004.

text: ICSD collaborated with the Southern Africa Faith Communities Environment Institute and The Interfaith Declaration on Climate Change to organize two events in conjunction with the

entity_name: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference

text: . The events featured a number of religious leaders and scientists who called for immediate action to address

text: climate change

text: . The speakers included Bishop Geoff Davis representing Archbishop Emeritus

text: Desmond Tutu

text: Christiana Figueres

text: , head of the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: , and

text: Ela Gandhi

text: , granddaughter of

text: Mohandas Gandhi

text: and a Member of

text: Parliament in South Africa

text: from 1994-2004.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: religious leaders and scientists who called for immediate action to address climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What type of event did the ICSD collaborate on?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change Conference

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: religious

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which event happened first, the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference or the Interfaith Declaration on Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a difference of

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: immediate action

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1994-2004.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1994-2004.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mohandas Gandhi and a Member of Parliament in South Africa

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: immediate action to address climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

text: Krosnick, who has run polls on public attitudes towards global warming since 2006, conducted a 2010 survey among 1000 Americans with the same questions as previous years in addition to new inquiries about recent and relevant controversies. One of which was a controversy in which the email archive of the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia was hacked in 2009. The emails retrieved from the hacking supposedly revealed extensive data manipulation in studies on climate research. Krosnick's surveys revealed that 9% of the 32% of subjects who were aware of this controversy believed that it indicated that climate scientists should not be trusted. There was a subsequent controversy with the fourth report on Climate Change from the IPCC. 54% of the 13% of subjects who knew about this controversy believed it indicated that climate scientists were untrustworthy.

text: Krosnick, who has run polls on public attitudes towards global warming since 2006, conducted a 2010 survey among 1000 Americans with the same questions as previous years in addition to new inquiries about recent and relevant controversies. One of which was a

text: controversy

text: in which the email archive of the

text: Climate Research Unit

text: of the

text: University of East Anglia

text: was hacked in 2009. The emails retrieved from the hacking supposedly revealed extensive data manipulation in studies on climate research. Krosnick's surveys revealed that 9% of the 32% of subjects who were aware of this controversy believed that it indicated that climate scientists should not be trusted. There was a

entity_name: Criticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

text: subsequent controversy

text: with the fourth report on Climate Change from the

text: IPCC

text: . 54% of the 13% of subjects who knew about this controversy believed it indicated that climate scientists were untrustworthy.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: data manipulation in studies on climate research

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of controversy: hacking, IPCC, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a source of global warming: burning fossil fuels, nuclear power, or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: hacking

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a controversy: the email archive of the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia was hacked in 2009 or the fourth report on Climate Change from the IPCC?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: In what year did Krosnick conduct a 2010 survey?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of controversy: hacking, climate change, or hacking?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2010 survey

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: untrue

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: difference from average temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: untrue

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate scientists were untrustworthy.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: data manipulation in studies on climate research.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: data manipulation in studies on climate research.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate scientists should not be trusted.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: hacked in 2009.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2010 survey among 1000 Americans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2006,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change from the IPCC.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 54%

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 9% of the 32%

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 54%

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 9% of the 32%

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 9% of the 32%

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 54% of the 13%

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2006,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming since 2006,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: In his final term as President, President Jagdeo became a global advocate for international action to avert the worst extremes of climate change, and was described by the Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Rajendra K. Pachauri, as "one of perhaps half a dozen Heads of Government who truly understands the issue". In line with the President's global advocacy, Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy sets out a national scale, replicable model to protect Guyana's 18 million hectare forest, to address the 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions that result from deforestation and forest degradation, and re-orient the Guyanese economy onto a long-term "low deforestation, low carbon, climate resilient trajectory".

text: In his final term as President, President Jagdeo became a global advocate for international action to avert the worst extremes of climate change, and was described by the Chairman of the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: Rajendra K. Pachauri

text: , as "one of perhaps half a dozen Heads of Government who truly understands the issue". In line with the President's global advocacy, Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy sets out a national scale, replicable model to protect Guyana's 18 million hectare forest, to address the 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions that result from deforestation and forest degradation, and re-orient the Guyanese economy onto a long-term "low deforestation, low carbon, climate resilient trajectory".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: President Jagdeo became a global advocate for international action

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions that result from deforestation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation, and forest degradation are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many Heads of Government did President Jagdeo truly understand the issue?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does the President of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change feel about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extremes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extremes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: half a dozen Heads of Government who truly understands the issue".

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 17%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 17%

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deforestation and forest degradation,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: deforestation and forest degradation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: half a dozen

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: worst extremes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extremes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: worst extremes of climate change,

text: The Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) is a global partnership of countries that are disproportionately affected by the consequences of global warming. The forum addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities. These countries actively seek a firm and urgent resolution to the current intensification of climate change, domestically and internationally.

text: The Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) is a global partnership of countries that are disproportionately affected by the consequences of

text: global warming

text: . The forum addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities. These countries actively seek a firm and urgent resolution to the current intensification of

text: climate change

text: , domestically and internationally.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum is a global partnership of countries that are disproportionately affected by the consequences of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the negative effects of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the F in "CFV" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: socioeconomic vulnerabilities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: socioeconomic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the consequences of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: disproportionately affected by the consequences of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Climate Vulnerable Forum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: The film argues that the consensus among climate scientists about global warming does not exist.

text: The film argues that the

text: consensus among climate scientists

text: about global warming does not exist.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is a consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are areas of intense heat produced by the sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming all contribute to global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of weather event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the film say about global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What does the film imply about climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more droughts.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may be the reason for the film?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming does not exist.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The film argues that the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The film argues that the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the consensus among climate scientists

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the consensus among climate scientists about global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: NASA has released public data and tools to predict how temperature and rainfall patterns worldwide may change through to the year 2100 caused by increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. The dataset shows projected changes worldwide on a regional level simulated by 21 climate models. The data can be viewed on a daily timescale for individual cities and towns and may be used to conduct climate risk assessments to predict the local and global effects of weather dangers, for example droughts, floods, heat waves and declines in agriculture productivity, and help plan responses to global warming effects.

text: NASA has released public data and tools to predict how temperature and rainfall patterns worldwide may change through to the year 2100 caused by increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. The dataset shows projected changes worldwide on a regional level simulated by 21 climate models. The data can be viewed on a daily timescale for individual cities and towns and may be used to conduct climate risk assessments to predict the local and global effects of weather dangers, for example droughts, floods, heat waves and declines in agriculture productivity, and help plan responses to global warming effects.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming is not a threat

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not caused by increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere: droughts, floods, heat waves or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather danger: droughts, floods, heat waves or declines in agriculture productivity?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is caused by what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: declines in agriculture productivity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to predict the local effects of what?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be viewed on a daily timescale for individual cities?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can the data be viewed on a daily timescale?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate models

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves and declines in agriculture productivity,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves and declines in agriculture productivity,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rainfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: temperature and rainfall patterns worldwide may change through to the year 2100

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: declines in agriculture productivity,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 21 climate models.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 21 climate models.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increasing carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: increasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts, floods, heat waves

text: Hot Cities is an environmental documentary series broadcast in Autumn 2009 by BBC World News. It highlighted the effects of global warming and climate change on the world's most populous cities.

text: Hot Cities is an environmental

text: documentary

text: series broadcast in Autumn 2009 by

text: BBC World News

text: . It highlighted the effects of

text: global warming

text: and

text: climate change

text: on the world's most populous cities.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effects of global warming on the world's most populous cities

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the effects of global warming on the world's most populous cities?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The effects of global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the main topic of Hot Cities?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: BBC World News

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the world's most populous cities.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Hot Cities

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change on the world's most populous cities.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Hot Cities is an environmental documentary series broadcast in Autumn 2009

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Hot Cities is an environmental documentary series broadcast in Autumn 2009

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Hot Cities is an environmental documentary series broadcast in Autumn 2009

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Hot Cities is an environmental documentary series broadcast in Autumn 2009

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Hot Cities

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Autumn 2009

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: This article mostly focuses on the views of natural scientists. However, social scientists, medical experts, engineers and philosophers have also commented on climate change science and policies. Climate change policy is discussed in several articles: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming, climate ethics, and economics of global warming.

text: This article mostly focuses on the views of natural scientists. However, social scientists,

text: medic

text: al experts, engineers and philosophers have also commented on climate change science and policies. Climate change policy is discussed in several articles:

text: climate change mitigation

text: climate change adaptation

text: climate engineering

text: politics of global warming

text: climate ethics

text: , and

text: economics of global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming is caused by human activities

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming is caused by the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sunspots are a type of solar storm.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, and climate engineering are all types of climate change policy.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change mitigation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Nio is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change mitigation is the process of reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How long has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), global temperatures are expected to increase by 1.8°C by 2100.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change be mitigated?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The ice age of the Carboniferous Period, which lasted from the end of the Cretaceous Period to the end of the Pliocene Period.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: In the Pleistocene ice age, Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: During the last ice age, glaciers covered much of North America.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval Warm Period was a period of warm weather that lasted from the late Middle Ages to the Early Middle Ages.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Earth's plate tectonics is the movement of plates in the Earth's crust.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase by about 0.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Solar storms are the main cause of recent global warming.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change is a major cause of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change has caused a

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change adaptation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural scientists.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural scientists.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: natural scientists.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: natural scientists.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: social scientists, medical experts, engineers and philosophers

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: politics of global warming, climate ethics, and economics of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: This article mostly focuses on the views of natural scientists.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: social scientists, medical experts, engineers and philosophers

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: social scientists, medical experts, engineers and philosophers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: social scientists, medical experts, engineers and philosophers

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, climate engineering, politics of global warming,

text: Habibullo Abdussamatov (2004), head of space research at St. Petersburg's Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory in Russia, has argued that the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change. Journalists for news sources canada.com (Solomon, 2007b), National Geographic News (Ravillious, 2007), and LiveScience (Than, 2007) reported on the story of warming on Mars. In these articles, Abdussamatov was quoted. He stated that warming on Mars was evidence that global warming on Earth was being caused by changes in the sun.

text: Habibullo Abdussamatov

text: (2004), head of space research at St. Petersburg's

text: Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory

text: in

text: Russia

text: , has argued that the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change.

text: Journalist

text: s for

text: news

text: sources

text: canada.com

text: (Solomon, 2007b),

text: National Geographic News

text: (Ravillious, 2007), and

text: LiveScience

text: (Than, 2007) reported on the story of warming on

text: Mars

text: . In these articles, Abdussamatov was quoted. He stated that warming on Mars was evidence that global warming on Earth was being caused by changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming on Earth

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are responsible for recently observed climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming on Earth was being caused by changes in the sun

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in the sun

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that has been observed?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2007b

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming on Earth

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: (2004),

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming on Earth was being caused by changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming on Earth

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Russia,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Habibullo Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Habibullo Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: canada.com (Solomon, 2007b), National Geographic News

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: changes in the sun.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the sun is responsible for recently observed climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming on Mars.

text: For decades many features on Mars, including ones in Nilosyrtis Mensae, were believed to contain large amounts of ice.  This idea was confirmed by radar studies with the SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.  It showed that lobate debris aprons (LDA) and lineated valley fill (LVF) contain pure water ice covered with a thin layer of rocks that insulated the ice. Ice was found in many locations in the northern hemisphere, including Nilosyrtis Mensae.The most popular model for the origin of the ice is climate change from large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.  At times the tilt has even been greater than 80 degrees   Large changes in the tilt explains many ice-rich features on Mars.

text: For decades many features on Mars, including ones in Nilosyrtis Mensae, were believed to contain large amounts of ice.  This idea was confirmed by radar studies with the SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) on the

text: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

text: .  It showed that lobate debris aprons (LDA) and lineated valley fill (LVF) contain pure water ice covered with a thin layer of rocks that insulated the ice. Ice was found in many locations in the northern hemisphere, including Nilosyrtis Mensae.The most popular model for the origin of the ice is climate change from large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.  At times the tilt has even been greater than 80 degrees   Large changes in the tilt explains many ice-rich features on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the most popular model for the origin of the ice on Mars?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What type of sunspots are found on Mars?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: large changes in the tilt

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: changes in the tilt

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many degrees is the tilt of the planet's rotational axis?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the tilt has even been greater than 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the northern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the tilt of the rotational axis?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees was the temperature in the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: lobate debris aprons

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Ice was found in many locations in the northern hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: large changes in the tilt of the planet's rotational axis.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 80 degrees

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 80 degrees

text: Insolation, which is simply a measure of the amount of solar radiation received on a given surface area in a given time period, is the fundamental factor behind the Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis. Due to variations in heat capacity, continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans during summer months when insolation is at its strongest and cool off faster than the surrounding oceans during winter months when insolation is at its weakest. The wind pattern that results from the continent/ocean insolation temperature gradient is known as a monsoon. Values of summer insolation are more important for a regions climate than winter values. This is because the winter phase of a monsoon is always dry. Thus the flora and fauna of a monsoonal climate are determined by the amount of rain that falls during the summer phase of the monsoon. Over periods of tens to hundreds of thousands of years the amount of insolation changes in a highly complex cycle that is based on orbital parameters. The result of this cycle of insolation is a waxing and waning in the strength of the monsoonal climates across the globe. A wide range of geologic evidence has shown that the North African Monsoon is particularly susceptible to insolation cycles, and long term trends in monsoonal strength can be linked to slow variations in insolation. However, the abrupt shifts back and forth from the "green Sahara" to the "desert Sahara" are not entirely explained by long term changes in the insolation cycle.

text: Insolation, which is simply a measure of the amount of solar radiation received on a given surface area in a given time period, is the fundamental factor behind the Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis. Due to variations in

text: heat capacity

text: , continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans during summer months when insolation is at its strongest and cool off faster than the surrounding oceans during winter months when insolation is at its weakest. The wind pattern that results from the continent/ocean insolation temperature gradient is known as a

text: monsoon

text: . Values of summer insolation are more important for a regions climate than winter values. This is because the winter phase of a monsoon is always dry. Thus the flora and fauna of a monsoonal climate are determined by the amount of rain that falls during the summer phase of the monsoon. Over periods of tens to hundreds of thousands of years the amount of insolation changes in a highly complex cycle that is based on orbital parameters. The result of this cycle of insolation is a waxing and waning in the strength of the monsoonal climates across the globe. A wide range of geologic evidence has shown that the North African Monsoon is particularly susceptible to insolation cycles, and long term trends in monsoonal strength can be linked to slow variations in insolation. However, the abrupt shifts back and forth from the "green Sahara" to the "desert Sahara" are not entirely explained by long term changes in the insolation cycle.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the North African Monsoon is particularly susceptible to insolation cycles

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: hundreds of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of variations in heat capacity?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a measure of the amount of solar radiation received on a given surface area in a given time period

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Insolation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: North African Monsoon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause what to happen to the oceans?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the summer

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is true of the North African Monsoon?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the result of this cycle of insolation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the result of this cycle of insolation?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is it important for a region's climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long term trends

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Orbital Monsoon

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "green Sahara"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: tens to hundreds of thousands of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a monsoon.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Orbital Monsoon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: monsoon.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: slow variations in insolation.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: flora and fauna

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: winter months when insolation is at its weakest.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: monsoon.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: winter months when insolation is at its weakest.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Insolation,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: monsoon.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: continents heat up faster than surrounding oceans

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: winter months when insolation is at its weakest.

text: A hearing of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, chaired by Senator John McCain, was held on 18 July 2000 to discuss the U.S. National Assessment on Climate Change (NACC) report on the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change which had been released in June for a 60-day public comment period. Witnesses included Fred Singer, whose statement cited the Oregon Petition against the Kyoto Protocol to claim that his skeptic views on human causes of climate change were not fringe. He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979. In fact, if one ignores the unusual El Nino year of 1998, one sees a cooling trend." From this, he concluded that "The post-1980 global warming trend from surface thermometers is not credible. The absence of such warming would do away with the widely touted 'hockey stick' graph (with its 'unusual' temperature rise in the past 100 years)". The NACC report as published stated that "New studies indicate that temperatures in recent decades are higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years" and featured graphs showing "1000 Years of Global  and Temperature Change". Its list of sources said that the temperature data was from MBH99, but the graph did not show error bars or show which part was reconstruction and which was the instrumental record.

text: A hearing of the

entity_name: United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

text: United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation

text: , chaired by Senator

text: John McCain

text: , was held on 18 July 2000 to discuss the U.S.

text: National Assessment on Climate Change

text: (NACC) report on the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change which had been released in June for a 60-day public comment period. Witnesses included Fred Singer, whose statement cited the

text: Oregon Petition

text: against the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: to claim that his skeptic views on human causes of climate change were not fringe. He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979. In fact, if one ignores the unusual El Nino year of 1998, one sees a cooling trend." From this, he concluded that "The post-1980 global warming trend from surface thermometers is not credible. The absence of such warming would do away with the widely touted 'hockey stick' graph (with its 'unusual' temperature rise in the past 100 years)". The NACC report as published stated that "New studies indicate that temperatures in recent decades are higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years" and featured graphs showing "1000 Years of Global  and Temperature Change". Its list of sources said that the temperature data was from MBH99, but the graph did not show error bars or show which part was reconstruction and which was the instrumental record.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1979

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the unusual El Nino year of 1998?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is one of the causes of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human causes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the unusual El Nino year of 1998?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling trend

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the absence of such warming would do away with?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does the absence of such warming do away with?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: New studies indicate that temperatures in recent decades are higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nino year of 1998, one sees a cooling trend

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperatures in recent decades are higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'hockey stick' graph

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human causes of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 1998,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling trend."

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1,000

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no global warming since the 1940s,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher than at any time in at least the past 1,000 years"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

text: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage, greatly affecting our livestock supply. Although the change in our climate is causing us to lose food, these sources are also contributing to climate change, essentially, creating a feedback loop. Greenhouse gases, specifically from livestock, are one of the leading sources furthering global warming; these emissions, which drastically effect climatic change, are also beginning to harm our livestock in ways we could never imagine.

text: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage, greatly affecting our

text: livestock

text: supply. Although the change in our climate is causing us to lose food, these sources are also contributing to climate change, essentially, creating a

text: feedback loop

text: Greenhouse gases

text: , specifically from livestock, are one of the leading sources furthering global warming; these emissions, which drastically effect climatic change, are also beginning to harm our livestock in ways we could never imagine.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Greenhouse gases are not contributing to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: livestock, climate change, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: Greenhouse gases, Greenhouse gases, or Sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse gases, specifically from livestock are one of the leading sources furthering global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: food shortage

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a food shortage

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: Greenhouse gases, specifically from livestock, or climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect animals

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would this affect livestock?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a feedback loop

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming;

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: livestock,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: livestock,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse gases, specifically from livestock,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: livestock

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: livestock,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: livestock,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: feedback loop.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate change is beginning to lead the global population into a food shortage,

text: Callendar effect -Cap and Share -Carbon bubble -Carbon capture and storage -Carbon cycle -Carbon negative -Carbon neutral -Carbon price -Carbon project -Carbon sequestration -Carbon offset -Carbon sink -Carbon tax -Catastrophic climate change -Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change -Clathrate gun hypothesis -Clean coal technology -Clean Energy Trends -Climate -Climate change -Climate change acronyms -Climate Change Act 2008 -Climate change and agriculture -Climate change denial -Climate change feedback -Climate change in Japan -Climate change in popular culture -Climate change mitigation -Climate change mitigation -Climate change mitigation scenarios -Climate commitment -Climate crunch -Climate cycle -Climate engineering -Climate ethics -Climate governance-Climate Investment Funds -Climate model -Climate refugee -Climate risk management -Climate scientists (list) -Climate sensitivity -Climate stabilization wedge -Climate surprise -Climate variability -Climate Vulnerable Forum-Climatic Research Unit email controversy -Cloud feedback -Cloud reflectivity enhancement -Coal phase out -Contraction and Convergence -Contrail -Cool roof -Cool tropics paradox -Coral bleaching

text: Callendar effect

text: Cap and Share

text: Carbon bubble

text: Carbon capture and storage

text: Carbon cycle

text: Carbon negative

text: Carbon neutral

text: Carbon price

text: Carbon project

text: Carbon sequestration

text: Carbon offset

text: Carbon sink

text: Carbon tax

text: Catastrophic climate change

entity_name: Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change

text: Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change

text: Clathrate gun hypothesis

text: Clean coal technology

text: Clean Energy Trends

text: Climate

text: Climate change

text: Climate change acronyms

text: Climate Change Act 2008

text: Climate change and agriculture

text: Climate change denial

text: Climate change feedback

text: Climate change in Japan

text: Climate change in popular culture

text: Climate change mitigation

text: Climate change mitigation

text: Climate change mitigation scenarios

text: Climate commitment

text: Climate crunch

text: Climate cycle

text: Climate engineering

text: Climate ethics

text: Climate governance

text: Climate Investment Funds

text: Climate model

text: Climate refugee

text: Climate risk management

text: Climate scientists (list)

text: Climate sensitivity

text: Climate stabilization wedge

text: Climate surprise

text: Climate variability

text: Climate Vulnerable Forum

text: Climatic Research Unit email controversy

text: Cloud feedback

text: Cloud reflectivity enhancement

text: Coal phase out

text: Contraction and Convergence

text: Contrail

text: Cool roof

text: Cool tropics paradox

text: Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Clean coal technology

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate Change Act 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Carbon sink

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the term for a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Tropical depression

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate variability can make big changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Catastrophic climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Carbon sink

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Contraction and Convergence

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Carbon sink

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Cloud reflectivity enhancement

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon sink

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Carbon sink

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Carbon sink hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: -Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: -Climate variability

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: -Climate

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: -Coal phase out

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: -Coal

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: -Cool roof -Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: -Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: -Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: -Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: -Climate variability

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: -Climate stabilization wedge

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: -Contraction and Convergence

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: -Climate variability

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: -Climate sensitivity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: -Climate stabilization wedge

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: governance-Climate Investment Funds

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: -Climate stabilization wedge

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: -Climate stabilization wedge

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: -Cool roof -Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: -Climate scientists (list)

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: -Climate surprise

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: -Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: -Climate stabilization wedge

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: -Cool tropics paradox

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: -Coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: -Climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: -Coral bleaching

text: The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming or shifts in precipitation patterns, or both, have been detected worldwide. Production of wheat and maize globally has been impacted by climate change. While crop production has increased in some mid-latitude regions such as the UK and Northeast China, economic losses due to extreme weather events have increased globally. There has been a shift from cold- to heat-related mortality in some regions as a result of warming. Livelihoods of indigenous peoples of the Arctic have been altered by climate change, and there is emerging evidence of climate change impacts on livelihoods of indigenous peoples in other regions. Regional impacts of climate change are now observable at more locations than before, on all continents and across ocean regions.

text: The

text: effects of climate change on human systems

text: , mostly due to warming or shifts in

text: precipitation

text: patterns, or both, have been detected worldwide. Production of wheat and maize globally has been impacted by climate change. While crop production has increased in some mid-latitude regions such as the UK and Northeast China, economic losses due to extreme weather events have increased globally. There has been a shift from cold- to heat-related mortality in some regions as a result of warming. Livelihoods of

text: indigenous peoples of the Arctic

text: have been altered by climate change, and there is emerging evidence of climate change impacts on livelihoods of

text: indigenous peoples

text: in other regions. Regional impacts of climate change are now observable at more locations than before, on all continents and across ocean regions.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: crop production has increased in some mid-latitude regions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by climate change: warming, shifts in precipitation patterns, or both?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change impacts on indigenous peoples of the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a shift from cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not caused by climate change: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: precipitation patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has been a shift from cold- to heat-related mortality?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect human systems?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: crop production has increased in some mid-latitude regions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: on all continents

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: economic losses due to extreme weather events have increased globally.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Livelihoods of indigenous peoples of the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean regions.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: warming or shifts in precipitation patterns,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cold- to heat-related mortality

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming.

text: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.  Most discussion and research, including that by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, concentrates on the effects of global warming up to 2100, with only an outline of the effects beyond this.

text: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.  Most discussion and research, including that by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) reports, concentrates on the effects of

text: global warming

text: up to 2100, with only an outline of the effects beyond this.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase by how many percent by 2100?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the C in IPCC stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of a tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term effect?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is expected that

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: There are expected to be various long-term effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2100,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2100,

text: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change. The role is perhaps not as large of an impact as Earth’s Obliquity, but still large nonetheless. Eccentricity is defined as the difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle. It is also known by a simpler definition as simply being a measurement of how elliptical something is. In the case of climate, eccentricity is applied to the shape of Earth’s orbit. In a similar fashion to Earth’s obliquity, the more uniform Earth’s orbit is (more like a perfect circle), the less difference there is in climate change throughout the year. Unlike obliquity, eccentricity affects the entire planet approximately the same, instead of primarily changing polar climate. The base idea with eccentricity is this: “How far away is the earth as a whole from the sun?” If there is no eccentricity to Earth’s orbit, then Earth will remain at the same distance from the sun throughout the year, therefore producing no climate change, seeing as how the Earth’s orbit would be perfectly circular around the sun. On the other hand, if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity, Earth would be very close to the sun (compared to a perfectly circular orbit) during two opposite seasons, and very far away from the sun during the other two opposite seasons. This effect can be seen by analyzing any ellipse, and observing how flat or how skinny the ellipse becomes as its eccentricity increases. Mathematically, the eccentricity of an ellipse is given by the following equation:

text: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change. The role is perhaps not as large of an impact as Earth’s Obliquity, but still large nonetheless. Eccentricity is defined as the difference in shape between an

text: ellipse

text: and a perfect circle. It is also known by a simpler definition as simply being a measurement of how elliptical something is. In the case of climate, eccentricity is applied to the shape of Earth’s orbit. In a similar fashion to Earth’s obliquity, the more uniform Earth’s orbit is (more like a perfect circle), the less difference there is in climate change throughout the year. Unlike obliquity, eccentricity affects the entire planet approximately the same, instead of primarily changing polar climate. The base idea with eccentricity is this: “How far away is the earth as a whole from the sun?” If there is no eccentricity to Earth’s orbit, then Earth will remain at the same distance from the sun throughout the year, therefore producing no climate change, seeing as how the Earth’s orbit would be perfectly circular around the sun. On the other hand, if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity, Earth would be very close to the sun (compared to a perfectly circular orbit) during two opposite seasons, and very far away from the sun during the other two opposite seasons. This effect can be seen by analyzing any ellipse, and observing how flat or how skinny the ellipse becomes as its eccentricity increases. Mathematically, the eccentricity of an ellipse is given by the following equation:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Earth’s obliquity can also play a large role in Earth climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Earth’s obliquity.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a direct result of Earth’s eccentricity.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth’s eccentricity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar climate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change that affects the oceans.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is an example of a small change in temperature?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does Earth's eccentricity affect Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages have occurred?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler in the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Earth's obliquity can also play a large role in Earth climate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Earth’s eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature would increase if there was an enormous volcanic eruption.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Earth's obliquity can also play a large role

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What is the most likely reason for this increase?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Obliquity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Obliquity

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Earth’s obliquity

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Obliquity

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: polar climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: no climate change,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Eccentricity

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eccentricity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar climate.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no climate change,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: polar climate.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: if Earth’s orbit has a very high eccentricity,

text: Mathematical models based on the same physical principles can be used to generate either short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions; the latter are widely applied for understanding  and projecting climate change. The improvements made to regional models have allowed for significant improvements in tropical cyclone track and air quality forecasts; however, atmospheric models perform poorly at handling processes that occur in a relatively constricted area, such as wildfires.

text: Mathematical models based on the same physical principles can be used to generate either short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions; the latter are widely applied for understanding  and projecting

text: climate change

text: . The improvements made to regional models have allowed for significant improvements in

text: tropical cyclone track

text: and

text: air quality

text: forecasts; however, atmospheric models perform poorly at handling processes that occur in a relatively constricted area, such as

text: wildfire

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term weather forecasts are widely applied for understanding and projecting climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are used to generate either short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a process that occurs in a relatively constricted area, such as wildfires?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Wildfires

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wildfires

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildfires

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to generate short-term weather forecasts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be used to generate either short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term climate predictions

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term climate predictions

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long-term climate

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Mathematical models

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions;

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Mathematical models

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: atmospheric models

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: air quality forecasts;

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: tropical cyclone track

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: tropical cyclone track

text: Climatic factors may be very important, but on a much longer time-scale than any other. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns will promote changes in communities. As the climate warmed at the end of each ice age, great successional changes took place. The tundra vegetation and bare glacial till deposits underwent succession to mixed deciduous forest. The greenhouse effect resulting in increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century. Geological and climatic catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, avalanches, meteors, floods, fires, and high wind also bring allogenic changes.

text: Climatic factors may be very important, but on a much longer time-scale than any other. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns will promote changes in communities. As the climate warmed at the end of each ice age, great successional changes took place. The tundra vegetation and bare glacial till deposits underwent succession to mixed deciduous forest. The greenhouse effect resulting in increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century. Geological and climatic catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, avalanches, meteors, floods, fires, and high wind also bring allogenic changes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tundra vegetation and bare glacial till deposits underwent succession to mixed deciduous forest

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic factor: changes in temperature and rainfall patterns or climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of catastrophe: volcanic eruptions, meteors, floods, fires, or high wind?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and climate change are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a climatic catastrophe that can bring allogenic changes?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in temperature and rainfall patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic factor?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of catastrophe: volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, meteors, floods, fires, and high wind?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic catastrophe?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate changes to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic factor?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The greenhouse effect resulting in increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial till

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: meteors,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: high wind

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: As the climate warmed at the end of each ice age,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Geological and climatic catastrophes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: increase in temperature is likely to bring profound Allogenic changes in the next century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns will promote changes in communities.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: As the climate warmed at the end of each ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: bare glacial till deposits

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: century.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Geological and climatic catastrophes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic eruptions,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Changes in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age,

text: Originally, the glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary Ice Age were named after characteristic geological features, and these names varied from region to region. It is now more common for researchers to refer to the periods by their marine isotopic stage number. The marine record preserves all the past glaciations; the land-based evidence is less complete because successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors. Ice cores from continental ice accumulations also provide a complete record, but do not go as far back in time as marine data.  Pollen data from lakes and bogs as well as loess profiles provided important land-based correlation data. The names system has not been completely filled out since the technical discussion moved to using marine isotopic stage numbers.  For example, there are five Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles recorded in marine sediments during the last half million years, but only three classic interglacials were originally recognized on land during that period (Mindel, Riss and Würm).

text: Originally, the glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary Ice Age were named after characteristic geological features, and these names varied from region to region. It is now more common for researchers to refer to the periods by their

text: marine isotopic stage

text: number. The marine record preserves all the past glaciations; the land-based evidence is less complete because successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

text: Ice cores

text: from continental ice accumulations also provide a complete record, but do not go as far back in time as marine data.

text: Pollen

text: data from lakes and bogs as well as

text: loess

text: profiles provided important land-based correlation data. The names system has not been completely filled out since the technical discussion moved to using marine isotopic stage numbers.  For example, there are five Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles recorded in marine sediments during the last half million years, but only three classic interglacials were originally recognized on land during that period (

text: Mindel

text: Riss

text: and

text: Würm

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: half million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the primary source of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the most common type of astronomical feature?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The marine record preserves all the past glaciations

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: marine sediments

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: land-based

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can wipe out evidence of their predecessors

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the last half million years

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many glacial/interglacial cycles were recorded in marine sediments during the last half million years?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How do glaciations affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The marine record preserves all the past glaciations

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial and interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: only three classic interglacials were originally recognized on land

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: half million years,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: marine isotopic stage number.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: marine isotopic stage number.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: successive glaciations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciations;

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: marine isotopic stage number.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: five Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations;

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Quaternary Ice Age

text: On September 14, 2007, Palin signed an administrative order creating a Climate Change Sub-Cabinet charged with preparing a climate change strategy for Alaska.  Palin ignored requests to establish an Alaska Office on Climate Change, an Alaska Climate Response Fund, and emissions reduction targets. Within her executive order, Palin described warming as a "global challenge" and sought "opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Alaska sources, including the expanded use of alternative fuels, energy conservation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, land use management, and transportation planning." In April 2009 Palin acknowledged that "Simply waiting for low-carbon-emitting renewable capacity to be large enough will mean that it will be too late to meet the mitigation goals for reducing [carbon dioxide] that will be required under most credible climate-change models." But in December 2009 she wrote, "any potential benefits of proposed emissions reduction policies are far outweighed by their economic costs."

text: On September 14, 2007, Palin signed an administrative order creating a Climate Change Sub-Cabinet charged with preparing a climate change strategy for Alaska.  Palin ignored requests to establish an Alaska Office on Climate Change, an Alaska Climate Response Fund, and emissions reduction targets. Within her executive order, Palin described warming as a "global challenge" and sought "opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Alaska sources, including the expanded use of

text: alternative fuel

text: s, energy conservation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, land use management, and transportation planning." In April 2009 Palin acknowledged that "Simply waiting for low-carbon-emitting renewable capacity to be large enough will mean that it will be too late to meet the mitigation goals for reducing [carbon dioxide] that will be required under most credible climate-change models." But in December 2009 she wrote, "any potential benefits of proposed emissions reduction policies are far outweighed by their economic costs."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Palin ignored requests to establish an Alaska Office on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are far outweighed by their economic costs?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: alternative fuels, energy conservation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, land use management, or transportation planning?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: economic costs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Palin signed an administrative order creating a Climate Change Sub-Cabinet charged with preparing a climate change strategy for Alaska did she write, "any potential benefits of proposed emissions reduction policies are far outweighed by their economic costs?"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after Palin signed an administrative order

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: emissions reduction targets.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "global challenge"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: [carbon dioxide]

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Alaska Climate Response Fund,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Alaska.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Alaska.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "global challenge"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "global challenge"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: credible climate-change models."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate Change Sub-Cabinet

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: On September 14, 2007,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Alaska.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Alaska.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: On September 14, 2007,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change Sub-Cabinet

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: reducing

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: warming as a "global challenge"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "global challenge"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Alaska.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: warming

text: Assessing the impact of long-term irradiance changes on climate requires greater instrument stability combined with reliable global surface temperature observations to quantify climate response processes to radiative forcing on decadal time scales. The observed 0.1% irradiance increase imparts 0.22 W m−2 climate forcing, which suggests a transient climate response of 0.6 °C per W m−2. This response is larger by a factor of 2 or more than in the IPCC-assessed 2008 models, possibly appearing in the models' heat uptake by the ocean.

text: Assessing the impact of long-term irradiance changes on climate requires greater instrument stability combined with reliable global surface temperature observations to quantify climate response processes to radiative forcing on decadal time scales. The observed 0.1% irradiance increase imparts 0.22 W m−2 climate forcing, which suggests a transient climate response of 0.6 °C per W m−2. This response is larger by a factor of 2 or more than in the IPCC-assessed 2008 models, possibly appearing in the models' heat uptake by the ocean.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The observed 0.1% irradiance increase imparts 0.22 W m 2 climate forcing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.6 °C per W m 2

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the primary source of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate response processes to radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can a small increase in irradiance affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.6 °C per W m 2

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 0.6 °C per W m 2

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: decadal

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat uptake by the ocean

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 0.6 °C per W m 2

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 0.6 °C per W m 2

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 0.22 W m<unk>2

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: irradiance changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: models' heat uptake by the ocean.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heat uptake by the ocean.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 0.1%

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate response processes to radiative forcing on decadal time scales.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term irradiance

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: heat uptake by the ocean.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: decadal time scales.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 0.1%

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 0.6 °C

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat uptake by the ocean.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a factor of 2

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 0.6 °C per W m<unk>2.

text: Research in the Salawusu River Area in 1978 delineated the strata of the Salawusu River in the area of the Mu Us Sandy Land. This suggests that the prehistoric climate was mild and wet with numerous rivers and lakes, yet limited plant life and wildlife in the early stage of the Late Pleistocene age. The climate became dry and cold while eolian sand began to accumulate in the later stage of the Late Pleistocene age. The climate changed again to mild and wet early in the Holocene Epoch as lakes with marsh sediments formed. Later, the climate changed back to dry and cold, allowing a semi-arid steppe landscape to form. These climatic fluctuations were caused by the glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere. The Mu Us Sandy Land underwent a series of changes, including the formation shifting sands as well as the fixation and reduction of dunes.

text: Research in the Salawusu River Area in 1978 delineated the

text: strata

text: of the Salawusu River in the area of the Mu Us Sandy Land. This suggests that the prehistoric climate was mild and wet with numerous rivers and lakes, yet limited plant life and wildlife in the early stage of the

text: Late Pleistocene

text: age. The climate became dry and cold while

text: eolian

text: sand began to accumulate in the later stage of the Late Pleistocene age. The climate changed again to mild and wet early in the

text: Holocene Epoch

text: as lakes with marsh sediments formed. Later, the climate changed back to dry and cold, allowing a semi-arid steppe landscape to form. These climatic fluctuations were caused by the

text: glacial

text: and

text: interglacial

text: periods of the

text: Northern Hemisphere

text: . The Mu Us Sandy Land underwent a series of changes, including the formation shifting sands as well as the fixation and reduction of dunes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the prehistoric climate was mild and wet with numerous rivers and lakes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dry and cold

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused the glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the most common type of sunspot in the solar system?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: glacial or interglacial?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial and interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the climate to become dry and cold?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: eolian sand began to accumulate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would the climate become dry and cold?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why was the prehistoric climate mild and wet with numerous rivers and lakes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, eolian sand, or marsh sediments?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The climate became dry and cold

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mild and wet

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dry and cold

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: plant life and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Mu Us Sandy Land.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: limited plant life and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildlife

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: limited plant life and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: eolian sand began to accumulate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: dry and cold

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Research in the Salawusu River Area in 1978

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: plant life and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The climate became dry and cold

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: mild and wet

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: mild and wet

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: limited plant life and wildlife

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Research in the Salawusu River Area

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacial and interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene Epoch

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial and interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial and interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial and interglacial periods

text: Glaciation in the Pleistocene was a series of glacials and interglacials, stadials and interstadials, mirroring periodic changes in climate. The main factor at work in climate cycling is now believed to be Milankovitch cycles. These are periodic variations in regional and planetary solar radiation reaching the Earth caused by several repeating changes in the Earth's motion.

text: Glaciation in the Pleistocene was a series of glacials and interglacials, stadials and interstadials, mirroring periodic changes in climate. The main factor at work in climate cycling is now believed to be

text: Milankovitch cycles

text: . These are periodic variations in regional and planetary solar radiation reaching the Earth caused by several repeating changes in the Earth's motion.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The main factor at work in climate cycling is now believed to be Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are periodic variations in regional and planetary solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a result of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the main factor at work in climate cycling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variations in regional and planetary solar radiation reaching the Earth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main factor at work in climate cycling?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the main factor at work in climate cycling?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the main factor at work in climate cycling?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the main factor at work in climate cycling?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: planetary solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Glaciation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: periodic changes in climate.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: periodic variations in regional and planetary solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: periodic variations in regional and planetary solar radiation reaching the Earth

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: planetary solar radiation reaching the Earth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Glaciation

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Glaciation in the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variations in regional and planetary solar radiation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Glaciation

text: In 1980, a group of scientists led by Swedish meteorologist Bert Bolin set up an international program called the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), to determine whether the climate was changing, whether climate could be predicted and whether humans were in some way responsible for the change. The programme was sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science (ICSU). As time went on, there was a growing realisation that climate change was one part of a larger phenomenon, global change. In 1987, a team of researchers, led again by Bert Bolin, James McCarthy, Paul Crutzen, H. Oeschger and others,  successfully argued for an international research programme to investigate global change. This programme, sponsored by ICSU, is the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The programme has eight projects investigating different parts of the Earth system and links between them.

text: In 1980, a group of scientists led by Swedish meteorologist

text: Bert Bolin

text: set up an international program called the

text: World Climate Research Programme

text: (WCRP), to determine whether the climate was changing, whether climate could be predicted and whether humans were in some way responsible for the change. The programme was sponsored by the

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: and the

text: International Council for Science

text: (ICSU). As time went on, there was a growing realisation that climate change was one part of a larger phenomenon, global change. In 1987, a team of researchers, led again by Bert Bolin, James McCarthy,

text: Paul Crutzen

text: , H. Oeschger and others,  successfully argued for an international research programme to investigate global change. This programme, sponsored by ICSU, is the

text: International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme

text: (IGBP). The programme has eight projects investigating different parts of the Earth system and links between them.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans were not responsible for the change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP): Atmospheric greenhouse gas levels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change was one part of a larger phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after Bert Bolin set up an international program to determine whether climate could be predicted and whether humans were in some way responsible for the change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the larger phenomenon, global change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Which happened first, Bert Bolin set up an international program or Bert Bolin set up an international program?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the larger phenomenon, global change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which happened first, Bert Bolin set up an international program or Bert Bolin set up an international program?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a part of a larger phenomenon, global change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the World Climate Research Programme?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: What is the term for ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: humans were in some way responsible for the change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: predicted

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate was changing,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change was one part of a larger phenomenon, global change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: World Climate Research Programme (WCRP),

text: There are many ways to date a core. Once dated, it gives valuable information about changes of climate and terrain. For example, cores in the ocean floor, soil and ice have altered the view of the geologic history of the Pleistocene entirely.

text: There are many ways to date a core. Once dated, it gives valuable information about changes of climate and

text: terrain

text: . For example, cores in the ocean floor, soil and ice have altered the view of the geologic history of the

text: Pleistocene

text: entirely.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a core in the ocean floor has altered the view of the geologic history

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be used to estimate the temperature of the Earth

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be used to date a core

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to date a core

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a way to date a core?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a way to date a core?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would this affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can be dated

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: core.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: date a core.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes of climate and terrain.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes of climate and terrain.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: There are many ways to date a core.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene

text: A 2013 study published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Research Letters analyzed 11,944 abstracts from papers published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between 1991 and 2011, identified by searching the ISI Web of Science citation index engine for the text strings "global climate change" or "global warming". The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming. The authors found that of the 11,944 abstracts, 3896 endorsed that consensus, 7930 took no position on it, 78 rejected the consensus, and 40 expressed uncertainty about it.

text: A 2013 study published in the peer-reviewed journal

text: Environmental Research Letters

text: analyzed 11,944 abstracts from papers published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between 1991 and 2011, identified by searching the

text: ISI Web of Science

text: citation index

text: engine for the text strings "global climate change" or "global warming". The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming. The authors found that of the 11,944 abstracts, 3896 endorsed that consensus, 7930 took no position on it, 78 rejected the consensus, and 40 expressed uncertainty about it.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 7930 took no position on it

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are causing global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other types of sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: uncertainty about it

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does uncertainty about it mean?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea levels

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: uncertainty about it

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 40 expressed uncertainty about it

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 7930 took no position

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1991 and 2011,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 78 rejected the consensus, and 40 expressed uncertainty

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: humans are causing global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 97.1%

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 97.1%

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 97.1%

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 97.1%

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 40 expressed uncertainty about it.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 97.1%

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 40 expressed uncertainty about it.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: anthropogenic global warming,

text: Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function and distribution of plants, in combination with other factors. Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be collectively coined climate change are known to have had enormous impacts on plant diversity patterns in the future and are seen as having significant current impacts. It is predicted that climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future.

text: Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function and

text: distribution

text: of

text: plants

text: , in combination with other factors. Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be collectively coined

text: climate change

text: are known to have had enormous impacts on plant diversity patterns in the future and are seen as having significant current impacts. It is predicted that climate change will remain one of the major drivers of

text: biodiversity

text: patterns in the future.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: It is predicted that climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: significant current impacts

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be collectively coined as what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the most common type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a major driver of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biodiversity patterns

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a significant impact on plant diversity patterns

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Changes in long term environmental conditions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is predicted that climate change will remain one of the major drivers

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: significant current impacts

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: plant diversity patterns in the future

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: distribution of plants,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Environmental conditions

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Changes in long term environmental conditions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Changes in long term environmental conditions

text: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming causing GHG emissions per KWh of electricity produced as natural gas. Hazelwood is commonly regarded as the most greenhouse gas polluting power station in Australia. If as is expected after the release of the report of the Garnaut Climate Change Review a cap and trade emissions trading scheme is adopted to reduce the effects of global warming on Australia, electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An open cut mine for Hazelwood power plant caught fire, shrouding residents in Morwell with coal dust for about a monthCoal mines in Victoria currently operating:

text: Brown coal has 3 times the

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

text: causing GHG emissions per KWh of electricity produced as natural gas. Hazelwood is commonly regarded as the most greenhouse gas polluting power station in Australia. If as is expected after the release of the report of the

text: Garnaut Climate Change Review

text: a

text: cap and trade

text: emissions trading scheme

text: is adopted to reduce the

text: effects of global warming on Australia

text: , electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An open cut mine for Hazelwood power plant caught fire, shrouding residents in Morwell with coal dust for about a monthCoal mines in Victoria currently operating:

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural gas has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase significantly in price if

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of climate change and global warming: brown coal or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Brown coal

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: iceberg

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural gas.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Brown

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Brown coal

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural gas.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: a monthCoal

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: coal dust for about a monthCoal

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Brown coal has 3

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: electricity produced by burning brown coal will be expected to increase significantly in price.An

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: natural gas.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Brown coal has 3 times the climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Garnaut Climate Change Review

text: Correlated with the most recent speciation was a climatic change period. It has been proposed that this climate change likely would have desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar. The change in climate and habitat is likely the cause of the recent speciation. Evidence for this is that the habitat for Goodman’s Lemur does not overlap with any other mouse lemurs. The habitat would have changed in such a way that the lemurs that would become Goodman's mouse lemur would be the only ones that could survive in that habitat.

text: Correlated with the most recent speciation was a climatic change period. It has been proposed that this climate change likely would have desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar. The change in climate and habitat is likely the cause of the recent speciation. Evidence for this is that the habitat for Goodman’s Lemur does not overlap with any other mouse lemurs. The habitat would have changed in such a way that the lemurs that would become Goodman's mouse lemur would be the only ones that could survive in that habitat.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the habitat for Goodman's Lemur does not overlap with any other mouse lemurs

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Goodman's Lemur or Mouse Lemur?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change and habitat change are likely the cause of the recent speciation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Goodman's Lemur

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would have desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: desiccated

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of habitat?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of recent speciation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the habitat of Goodman's Lemur?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It has been proposed that this climate change likely would have desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Medieval warm period last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What is the most likely cause of recent speciation?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic change period

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The change in climate and habitat

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: speciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: desiccated

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The change in climate and habitat

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The change in climate and habitat

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: desiccated the central highlands of Eastern Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climatic change period.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climatic change period.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic change period.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic change period.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Madagascar.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Madagascar.

text: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014  The May 2014 report, "National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change" re-examines the impact of climate change on U.S. national security.

text: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014  The May 2014 report, "National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change" re-examines the impact of climate change on U.S. national security.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Accelerating

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the MAB stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: national security

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: likely

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: U.S. national security.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Accelerating Risks of Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: U.S. national security.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The MAB also released reports in 2010, 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2011, and 2014

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change"

text: Some evidence weighs against climate change as a valid hypothesis as applied to Australia. It has been shown that the prevailing climate at the time of extinction (40,000–50,000 BP) was similar to that of today, and that the extinct animals were strongly adapted to an arid climate. The evidence indicates that all of the extinctions took place in the same short time period, which was the time when humans entered the landscape. The main mechanism for extinction was probably fire (started by humans) in a then much less fire-adapted landscape. Isotopic evidence shows sudden changes in the diet of surviving species, which could correspond to the stress they experienced before extinction.

text: Some evidence weighs against climate change as a valid hypothesis as applied to Australia. It has been shown that the prevailing climate at the time of extinction (40,000–50,000 BP) was similar to that of today, and that the extinct animals were strongly adapted to an arid climate. The evidence indicates that all of the extinctions took place in the same short time period, which was the time when humans entered the landscape. The main mechanism for extinction was probably fire (started by humans) in a then much less fire-adapted landscape. Isotopic evidence shows sudden changes in the diet of surviving species, which could correspond to the stress they experienced before extinction.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: extinct animals were strongly adapted to an arid climate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: similar to that of today

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 50,000 BP

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the main mechanism for extinction?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the main mechanism for extinction?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The main mechanism for extinction

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 40,000–50,000 BP

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main mechanism for extinction?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 50,000 BP

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 40,000–50,000 BP

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 40,000–50,000 BP

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: valid hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: today,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: (40,000–50,000 BP)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The main mechanism for extinction

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sudden changes in the diet of surviving species,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Some evidence weighs against climate change as a valid hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change as a valid hypothesis as applied to Australia.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change as a valid hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Some evidence weighs against climate change as a valid hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (40,000–50,000 BP)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: (40,000–50,000 BP)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: similar to that of today,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extinction

text: The conference endorsed the work of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), which is a group of skeptics led by Fred Singer that disputes the positions of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).Singer prepared a critique of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report called "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate". This NIPCC report was published in March 2008 by the Heartland Institute. ABC News said the same month that unnamed climate scientists from NASA, Stanford, and Princeton who spoke to ABC about the report dismissed it as "fabricated nonsense." In a letter of complaint to ABC News, Singer said their piece used "prejudicial language, distorted facts, libelous insinuations, and anonymous smears". Singer also said that the anonymous scientists, "are easily identified as the well-known global warming zealots Jim Hansen, Michael Oppenheimer and Steve Schneider."

text: The conference endorsed the work of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), which is a group of skeptics led by

text: Fred Singer

text: that disputes the positions of the

text: United Nations

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC).Singer prepared a critique of the

text: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

text: called "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate". This NIPCC report was published in March 2008 by the Heartland Institute.

text: ABC News

text: said the same month that unnamed climate scientists from NASA, Stanford, and Princeton who spoke to ABC about the report dismissed it as "fabricated nonsense." In a letter of complaint to ABC News, Singer said their piece used "prejudicial language, distorted facts, libelous insinuations, and anonymous smears". Singer also said that the anonymous scientists, "are easily identified as the well-known global warming zealots

text: Jim Hansen

text: Michael Oppenheimer

text: and

text: Steve Schneider

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the N in "NIPCC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the N in "NIPCC" stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming zealots

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the group of skeptics that disputes the positions of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the NIPCC?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unnamed climate scientists from NASA, Stanford, and Princeton

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming zealots

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human Activity,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Human Activity,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate".

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Human Activity,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Human Activity,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Nature, Not Human Activity,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2008

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 2008

text: Bennett et al. (1992) was among the first attempts to unify the themes of the Earth Summit (1992) - both biodiversity and climate change - into an adaptation response for land-use change at the regional and sub-continental level. The abbreviated "biolinks” has become a generic term in common use and in literature (Wilson 2009) reflecting a broad resonance of the original intent of the new land-use type within various communities (land-use planners, ecologists, community groups). In concept, biolink zones are equivalent to the "bold connectivity zones" later proposed by Opdam and Wascher (2004) for adaptation to climate change and are consistent with restoration of habitat connectivity to alleviate past and current fragmentation in Australia (Soule et al. 2004). Hilty et al. (2006) in a global review of wildlife corridors, suggests continental scale re-connectivity (biolinks) as the only realistic alternative for resolution of the global conservation issues of fragmentation and climate change. In fragmented, agricultural landscapes of Australia, biolink zones have been proposed between large areas of remaining native vegetation and potential climatic refugia with future landscapes supporting 30% > 50% of quality native vegetation and habitats, representing new bio-cultural landscapes more resilient under future climates (Mansergh et al. 2008 a, b). In more ecological intact landscapes, biolink zones become a purposeful aim of management (agencies) for explicit adaptation to climate change. Biolink zones can be viewed at scales from regional to continental. Establishment is compatible with carbon sequestration (soils and vegetation), improved landscape resilience and as part of a more holistic adaptation response of land-use to climate change (Mansergh 2009). In terms of policy development, defined biolink zones are a key policy direction for land-use change to increase the resilience of biodiversity in adapting future climates in Victoria (Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria 2009). In the US, the Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009 (S. 1933) has been introduced to the Senate which would require federal agencies to produce a national strategy “to maximize the resilience of landscapes and to minimize adverse climate change impacts.”

text: Bennett et al. (1992) was among the first attempts to unify the themes of the

text: Earth Summit

text: (1992) - both biodiversity and climate change - into an adaptation response for land-use change at the regional and sub-continental level. The abbreviated "biolinks” has become a generic term in common use and in literature (Wilson 2009) reflecting a broad resonance of the original intent of the new land-use type within various communities (

text: land-use planners

text: ecologist

text: s, community groups). In concept, biolink zones are equivalent to the "bold connectivity zones" later proposed by Opdam and Wascher (2004) for adaptation to climate change and are consistent with restoration of habitat connectivity to alleviate past and current fragmentation in Australia (Soule et al. 2004). Hilty et al. (2006) in a global review of

text: wildlife corridor

text: s, suggests continental scale re-connectivity (biolinks) as the only realistic alternative for resolution of the global conservation issues of

text: fragmentation

text: and climate change. In fragmented, agricultural landscapes of Australia, biolink zones have been proposed between large areas of remaining native

text: vegetation

text: and potential climatic refugia with future landscapes supporting 30% > 50% of quality native vegetation and habitats, representing new bio-cultural landscapes more resilient under future climates (Mansergh et al. 2008 a, b). In more ecological intact landscapes, biolink zones become a purposeful aim of management (agencies) for explicit adaptation to climate change. Biolink zones can be viewed at scales from regional to continental. Establishment is compatible with

text: carbon sequestration

text: (soils and vegetation), improved landscape resilience and as part of a more holistic adaptation response of land-use to climate change (Mansergh 2009). In terms of policy development, defined biolink zones are a key policy direction for land-use change to increase the resilience of biodiversity in adapting future climates in

text: Victoria

text: (Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria 2009). In the US, the Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009 (S. 1933) has been introduced to the Senate which would require federal agencies to produce a national strategy “to maximize the resilience of landscapes and to minimize adverse climate change impacts.”

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: biolink zones can be viewed at scales from regional to continental

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the abbreviated "biolinks"?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: land-use change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biolinks

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be viewed at scales from regional to continental

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Australia

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the abbreviated "biolinks"?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: natural resources climate  adaptation act of 2009

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climateic refugia

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climateic refugia

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change impacts

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 30% > 50% of quality native vegetation and habitats,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 30% > 50%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: future landscapes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 30% > 50%

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: land-use

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: large areas of remaining native vegetation and potential climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 30% > 50% of quality native vegetation and habitats,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Biolink zones

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: biolink zones

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: new bio-cultural landscapes more resilient under future climates

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Natural Resources Climate Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: biodiversity

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: biolink zones

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: biolink zones

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Natural Resources Climate Adaptation Act of 2009

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: biolink zones

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: carbon sequestration

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climatic refugia

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 30% > 50%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: biolink zones

text: The body of research providing evidence of global trends in climate change has led investors – pension funds, holders of insurance reserves – to begin to screen investments in terms of their impact on the perceived factors of climate change. Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive. In the UK, investment policies were particularly affected by the conclusions of the Stern Review in 2006, a report commissioned by the British government to provide an economic analysis of the issues associated with climate change. Its conclusions pointed towards the necessity of including considerations of climate change and environmental issues in all financial calculations and that the benefits of early action on climate change would outweigh its costs.

text: The body of research providing evidence of global trends in climate change has led investors – pension funds, holders of insurance reserves – to begin to screen investments in terms of their impact on the perceived factors of climate change. Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive. In the UK, investment policies were particularly affected by the conclusions of the

text: Stern Review

text: in 2006, a report commissioned by the British government to provide an economic analysis of the issues associated with climate change. Its conclusions pointed towards the necessity of including considerations of climate change and environmental issues in all financial calculations and that the benefits of early action on climate change would outweigh its costs.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global trends

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of industry: Fossil fuel reliant industries or Fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a perceived factor of climate change: Fossil fuel reliant industries or Fossil fuel reliant industries?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the Stern Review commissioned to provide?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global trends in climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of industry: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of industry: Fossil fuel reliant industries or Fossil fuel industries?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the benefit of early action on climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How would climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2006,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the benefits of early action on climate change would outweigh its costs.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The body of research providing evidence of global trends in climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global trends in climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the benefits of early action on climate change would outweigh its costs.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Stern Review

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the benefits of early action on climate change would outweigh its costs.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Fossil fuel reliant industries are less attractive.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global trends in climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: Much of Weitzman's research is focused on climate change. Traditional cost-benefit analysis of climate change looks at the costs of reducing global warming (the cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions) versus the benefits (potentially stopping or slowing climate change). However, in most analyses, the damages that would stem from dramatic climate change are not taken into consideration. Weitzman has added dramatic climate change to the cost-benefit analysis to show that immediate measures must be taken in regards to climate change regulation.

text: Much of Weitzman's research is focused on climate change. Traditional cost-benefit analysis of climate change looks at the costs of reducing

text: global warming

text: (the cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions) versus the benefits (potentially stopping or slowing climate change). However, in most analyses, the damages that would stem from dramatic climate change are not taken into consideration. Weitzman has added dramatic

text: climate change

text: to the

text: cost-benefit analysis

text: to show that immediate measures must be taken in regards to climate change regulation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: dramatic climate change is not taken into consideration in most analyses

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and dramatic climate change are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is Weitzman's research focused on?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the damages that would stem from dramatic climate change are not taken into consideration.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming (the cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change. Traditional cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Weitzman has added dramatic climate change to the cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the damages that would stem from dramatic climate change are not taken into consideration.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Traditional cost-benefit analysis of climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Weitzman has added dramatic climate change to the cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: damages that would stem from dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the damages that would stem from dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: dramatic climate change to the cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions)

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: dramatic climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: dramatic climate change

text: Migration related to climate change is likely to be predominantly from rural areas in developing countries to towns and cities. In the short term climate stress is likely to add incrementally to existing migration patterns rather than generating entirely new flows of people.

text: Migration related to climate change is likely to be predominantly from

text: rural area

text: s in

text: developing countries

text: to towns and

text: cities

text: . In the short term climate stress is likely to add incrementally to existing migration patterns rather than generating entirely new flows of people.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: generating entirely new flows of people

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase in the near future

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon that causes migration related to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the climate of a country

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: generating entirely new flows of people

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: in the short term

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: generating entirely new flows of people.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: incrementally

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: generating entirely new flows of people.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Migration related to climate change is likely to be predominantly from rural areas

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: add incrementally to existing migration patterns

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change is likely to be predominantly from rural areas in developing countries

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate stress is likely to add incrementally to existing migration patterns

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: generating entirely new flows of people.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: generating entirely new flows of people.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate stress is likely to add incrementally to existing migration patterns

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Migration

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Migration related to climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate stress is likely to add incrementally to existing migration patterns

text: Analogy is a usual geologist method, using the present day observations and project/adapt it to the ancient earth systems. The main problem of this technique is the time-scale considered and the observation methods used. Most of the time, observations of active ice-sheet processes are instantaneous at geological time-scale and hard to apply in the ancient. Furthermore, in the ancient, field and geophysical studies are carried out at lower resolution but on a wider scale (time and space). Finally, even if Subglacial lakes are observed below ice sheets, melt-water drainage system processes ongoing, especially like the tunnel valleys remain unobserved directly. The record of these huge subglacial "rivers" is mainly analysed via the recent ice ages imprints (Weichselian, Saalian and Pre-Illinoian or Elsterian stages) and in the ancient one (Late Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous)	The idea of GRASP is to use methods commonly applied in the ancient onto recent glaciation record (Pleistocene). In the ancient, wide datasets are acquired by oil companies during exploration of sedimentary basins. By using the same type of data for the Pleistocene glacial record, the project tries to generate data comparable in between ancient and recent glaciations. The studied area is the North Sea that was glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum as well as the Northwestern Europe. On the sea floor, around the North Sea and into the kilometre of sediments below, many traces and evidences of the glacial events are recorded. As this place is a petroleum province, many data, especially geophysics ones are currently released or could be borrowed for academic purposes.		So, by joining the skills of three different universities, with the help of many data providers and the funding of six oil companies, new income is made into the knowledge of paleo-glacial systems. Basin analysis containing geophysical, reservoir and sedimentological models are produced in a new way and in a new type of environment. In an economic point of view, oil companies are interested in these models to have comparable data with their oil fields. In an academic one, understanding the recent ice sheet dynamic and is associated subglacial meltwater flow is crucial in the context of climate changes or fundamentally solving the intricate glacial record equation of recent and past ice ages.

text: Analogy

text: is a usual geologist method, using the present day observations and project/adapt it to the ancient earth systems. The main problem of this technique is the time-scale considered and the observation methods used. Most of the time, observations of active ice-sheet processes are instantaneous at geological time-scale and hard to apply in the ancient. Furthermore, in the ancient, field and geophysical studies are carried out at lower resolution but on a wider scale (time and space). Finally, even if

text: Subglacial lake

text: s are observed below ice sheets, melt-water drainage system processes ongoing, especially like the

text: tunnel valley

text: s remain unobserved directly. The record of these huge subglacial "rivers" is mainly analysed via the recent ice ages imprints (

text: Weichselian

text: Saalian

text: and

text: Pre-Illinoian

text: or

text: Elsterian

text: stages) and in the ancient one (

text: Late Ordovician

text: and

text: Permo-Carboniferous

text: )	The idea of GRASP is to use methods commonly applied in the ancient onto recent glaciation record (

text: Pleistocene

text: ). In the ancient, wide datasets are acquired by oil companies during exploration of

text: sedimentary basin

text: s. By using the same type of data for the

text: Pleistocene

text: glacial record, the project tries to generate data comparable in between ancient and recent glaciations. The studied area is the

text: North Sea

text: that was glaciated during the

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: as well as the Northwestern Europe. On the sea floor, around the North Sea and into the kilometre of sediments below, many traces and evidences of the glacial events are recorded. As this place is a petroleum province, many data, especially geophysics ones are currently released or could be borrowed for academic purposes.		So, by joining the skills of three different universities, with the help of many data providers and the funding of six oil companies, new income is made into the knowledge of paleo-glacial systems. Basin analysis containing geophysical, reservoir and sedimentological models are produced in a new way and in a new type of environment. In an economic point of view, oil companies are interested in these models to have comparable data with their oil fields. In an academic one, understanding the recent ice sheet dynamic and is associated subglacial meltwater flow is crucial in the context of

text: climate change

text: s or fundamentally solving the intricate glacial record equation of recent and past ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Subglacial lakes are observed below ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: During the Pleistocene, ice sheets and subglacial lakes were a major source of atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The record of these huge subglacial "rivers" is mainly analysed via the recent ice age imprints

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: fossil fuels are a major contributor to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: subglacial lakes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: subglacial "rivers"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main problem with analogy?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large changes in Earths climate

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature were higher during the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been increasing for many decades.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Ordovician

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Subglacial "rivers"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: °C

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ocene).

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: recent glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ocene).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: oil companies during exploration of sedimentary basins.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice-sheet processes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ocene).

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melt-water drainage system processes ongoing,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice-sheet processes

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: paleo-glacial systems.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North Sea

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: paleo-glacial systems.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ancient and recent glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: oil companies during exploration of sedimentary basins.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ancient and recent glaciations.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: istocene).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melt-water drainage

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: oil companies

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene).

text: Climate change is a long-term hazard which can increase or decrease the risk of other weather hazards, and also directly endangers property due to sea level rise and biological organisms due to habitat destruction.

text: Climate change

text: is a long-term hazard which can increase or decrease the risk of other weather hazards, and also directly endangers property due to

text: sea level rise

text: and biological organisms due to

text: habitat

text: destruction.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is a short-term hazard.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can increase or decrease the risk of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a long-term hazard?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is a long-term hazard

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can increase or decrease the risk of other weather hazards

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term hazard?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will increase the risk of hurricanes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: can increase or decrease

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: decrease the risk of other weather hazards,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: decrease the risk of other weather hazards,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: weather hazards,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change is a long-term hazard

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological organisms due to habitat destruction.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: sea level rise

text: The events at the K–Pg boundary were the influences of several theories on how the climate change and extinction event could have taken place. These hypotheses have centered on either impact events or increased volcanism or both. The consensus among paleontologists is that the main cause was an asteroid impact that severely disrupted the Earth's biosphere causing catastrophic changes to the Earth's climate and ushering in a new era of climate and life.

text: The events at the K–Pg boundary were the influences of several theories on how the climate change and extinction event could have taken place. These hypotheses have centered on either impact events or increased volcanism or both. The consensus among paleontologists is that the main cause was an asteroid impact that severely disrupted the Earth's

text: biosphere

text: causing catastrophic changes to the Earth's climate and ushering in a new era of climate and life.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: an asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the year 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing catastrophic changes to the Earth's biosphere

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause catastrophic changes to the Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change and extinction event

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the consensus of paleontologists?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consensus?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: impact events

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: catastrophic changes to the Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: catastrophic changes

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: K–Pg boundary

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: an asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: catastrophic changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: catastrophic changes

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increased volcanism

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: K–Pg boundary

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: impact events or increased volcanism

text: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. But recent calculations suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (excluding peatland emissions) contribute about 12% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with a range from 6 to 17%. Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun. The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect. Plants remove carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis, but release some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere during normal respiration. Only when actively growing can a tree or forest remove carbon, by storing it in plant tissues. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. In order for forests to take up carbon, there must be a net accumulation of wood. One way is for the wood to be harvested and turned into long-lived products, with new young trees replacing them. Deforestation may also cause carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests alternate between being net sinks and net sources of carbon dioxide (see carbon dioxide sink and carbon cycle).

text: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming

text: , and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total

text: anthropogenic

text: carbon dioxide

text: emissions. But recent calculations suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (excluding

text: peatland

text: emissions) contribute about 12% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with a range from 6 to 17%. Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun. The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect. Plants remove

text: carbon

text: in the form of

text: carbon dioxide

text: from the

text: atmosphere

text: during the process of

text: photosynthesis

text: , but release some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere during normal respiration. Only when actively growing can a tree or forest remove carbon, by storing it in plant tissues. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. In order for forests to take up carbon, there must be a net accumulation of wood. One way is for the wood to be harvested and turned into long-lived products, with new young trees replacing them. Deforestation may also cause carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests alternate between being net sinks and net sources of carbon dioxide (see

text: carbon dioxide sink

text: and

text: carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of world greenhouse gas emissions does tropical deforestation account for?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: deforestation or forest degradation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a contributor to global warming, deforestation, or forest degradation?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: peatland emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most common tropical deforestation?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical deforestation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many percent of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions does deforestation contribute?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many percent of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does deforestation affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: tropical deforestation or forest degradation?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been increasing for how many years?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 12%

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: radiation from the sun.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: peatland emissions)

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: traps radiation from the sun.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: tropical areas,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 6 to 17%.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: carbon, by storing it in plant tissues.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: heat which causes global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat which causes global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,

text: Schneider's research included modeling of the atmosphere, climate change, and the effect of global climate change on biological systems. Schneider was the founder and editor of the journal Climatic Change and authored or co-authored over 450 scientific papers and other publications. He was a Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group II IPCC TAR and was engaged as a co-anchor of the Key Vulnerabilities Cross-Cutting Theme for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) at the time of his death. During the 1980s, Schneider emerged as a leading public advocate of sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming. In 2006 Professor Schneider was an Adelaide Thinker in Residence advising the South Australian Government of Premier Mike Rann on climate change and renewable energy policies. In ten years South Australia went from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

text: Schneider's research included modeling of the

text: atmosphere

text: climate change

text: , and the effect of global climate change on biological systems. Schneider was the founder and editor of the journal

text: Climatic Change

text: and authored or co-authored over 450

text: scientific paper

text: s and other publications. He was a Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group II IPCC

text: TAR

text: and was engaged as a co-anchor of the Key Vulnerabilities Cross-Cutting Theme for the

text: Fourth Assessment Report

text: (AR4) at the time of his death. During the 1980s, Schneider emerged as a leading public advocate of sharp reductions of

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions to combat

text: global warming

text: . In 2006 Professor Schneider was an

text: Adelaide Thinker in Residence

text: advising the

text: South Australian Government

text: of Premier

text: Mike Rann

text: on climate change and

text: renewable energy

text: policies. In ten years

text: South Australia

text: went from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: South Australia went from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did South Australia go from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: Climatic Change or Key Vulnerabilities Cross-Cutting Theme?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: renewable energy policies

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did South Australia go from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years did South Australia go from zero to 31%?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: In ten years South Australia went from zero to 31%

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did Schneider's research affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: In ten years South Australia went from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 1980s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 31%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climatic Change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biological systems.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climatic Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate change on biological systems.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological systems.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 450

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1980s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: Much adaptation takes place in relation to short-term climate variability, however this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends. For example, the expansion of irrigation in Egypt into the Western Sinai desert due to a period of higher river flows is a maladaptation when viewed in relation to the longer term projections of drying in the region). Adaptations at one scale can also create externalities at another by reducing the adaptive capacity of other actors. This is often the case when broad assessments of the costs and benefits of adaptation are examined at smaller scales and it is possible to see that whilst the adaptation may benefit some actors, it has a negative effect on others.

text: Much adaptation takes place in relation to short-term climate variability, however this may cause

text: maladaptation

text: to longer-term climatic trends. For example, the expansion of irrigation in Egypt into the Western Sinai desert due to a period of higher river flows is a maladaptation when viewed in relation to the longer term projections of drying in the region). Adaptations at one scale can also create externalities at another by reducing the adaptive capacity of other actors. This is often the case when broad assessments of the costs and benefits of adaptation are examined at smaller scales and it is possible to see that whilst the adaptation may benefit some actors, it has a negative effect on others.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the expansion of irrigation in Egypt into the Western Sinai desert due to a period of higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an example of short-term climate variability?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: reducing the adaptive capacity of other actors

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: maladaptation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a period of higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in relation to short-term climate variability

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can cause short-term climate variability?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: over the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: short-term climate variability

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: river flows

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: short-term climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: adaptation takes place in relation to short-term climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: adaptation takes place in relation to short-term climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reducing the adaptive capacity of other actors.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: short-term climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: higher river flows

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: longer-term climatic trends.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: river flows

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate variability,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

text: Along with global warming, generalized climate change is an ongoing global commons concern.  Although global warming is now a generally accepted scientific observation, the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialised countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and prevent potentially harmful anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference in the climate system. There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states and the European Union, but not all have ratified and implemented the protocol.

text: Along with global warming, generalized

text: climate change

text: is an ongoing global commons concern.  Although global warming is now a generally accepted scientific observation, the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate. The

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: to the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialised countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and prevent potentially harmful anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference in the climate system. There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states and the

text: European Union

text: , but not all have ratified and implemented the protocol.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What do industrialised countries need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the causes of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases and prevent potentially harmful anthropogenic interference in the climate system

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced interference

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming is now a generally accepted scientific

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does global warming affect the climate system?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming is now a generally accepted scientific observation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: causes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 192

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: the precise causes of global warming are still a matter of research and debate.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: One difficulty in detecting climate cycles is that the Earth's climate has been changing in non-cyclic ways over most paleoclimatological timescales. For instance, we are now in a period of global warming that appears anthropogenic. In a larger timeframe, the Earth is emerging from the latest ice age, cooling from the Holocene climatic optimum and warming from the so-called "Little Ice Age", which means that climate has been constantly changing over the last 15,000 years or so. During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude. The Pleistocene period, dominated by repeated glaciations, developed out of more stable conditions in the Miocene and Pliocene climate. Holocene climate has been relatively stable. All of these changes complicate the task of looking for cyclical behavior in the climate.

text: One difficulty in detecting climate cycles is that the Earth's climate has been changing in non-cyclic ways over most paleoclimatological timescales. For instance, we are now in a period of global warming that appears anthropogenic. In a larger timeframe, the Earth is

text: emerging

text: from the latest ice age, cooling from the

text: Holocene climatic optimum

text: and warming from the so-called "

text: Little Ice Age

text: ", which means that climate has been constantly changing over the last 15,000 years or so. During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude. The

text: Pleistocene

text: period, dominated by repeated

text: glaciation

text: s, developed out of more stable conditions in the

text: Miocene

text: and

text: Pliocene

text: climate

text: . Holocene climate has been relatively stable. All of these changes complicate the task of looking for cyclical behavior in the climate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15,000 years or so

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during warm periods, temperature fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the Pleistocene period dominated by?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene period

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Holocene climatic optimum

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the latest ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Holocene climate has been relatively stable.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15,000 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: One difficulty in detecting climate cycles

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature fluctuations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the Earth's climate has been changing in non-cyclic ways

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: non-cyclic ways over most paleoclimatological timescales.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene period, dominated by repeated glaciations,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Pleistocene period,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: non-cyclic ways over most paleoclimatological timescales.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cooling from the Holocene climatic optimum

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming that appears anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: we are now in a period of global warming that appears anthropogenic.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "Little Ice Age",

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciations,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: During warm periods, temperature fluctuations are often of a lesser amplitude.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "Little Ice Age",

text: The report claims that climate change fuelled by human activities is already interfering with the climate, leading to effects that are dangerous for people and the planet. According to the report, the rate of change and effects of heat, wind, rain, deserts, sea level, and other impacts result in 350,000 deaths per year. The report states that the effects of climate change could contribute to the deaths of 5 million people by 2020 and cause as many as 1 million deaths per year by 2030 if global warming isn't slowed. Heat, wind, and water shortages put pressure on the habitat of approximately 2.5 million people. Storms, floods, and wildfires are estimated to leave an additional $5 billion in damage each year, while rising seas cost 1% of GDP to the lowest-income countries – 4% in the Pacific – with 65 billion dollars annually lost from the world economy.

text: The report claims that climate change fuelled by human activities is already interfering with the climate, leading to effects that are dangerous for people and the planet. According to the report, the rate of change and effects of heat, wind, rain, deserts,

text: sea level

text: , and other impacts result in 350,000 deaths per year. The report states that the effects of climate change could contribute to the deaths of 5 million people by 2020 and cause as many as 1 million deaths per year by 2030 if

text: global warming

text: isn't slowed. Heat, wind, and

text: water shortage

text: s put pressure on the habitat of approximately 2.5 million people. Storms, floods, and wildfires are estimated to leave an additional $5 billion in damage each year, while rising seas cost 1% of GDP to the lowest-income countries – 4% in the

text: Pacific

text: – with 65 billion dollars annually lost from the

text: world economy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 1 million deaths per year by 2030

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many billion dollars annually are lost from the world economy?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change: heat, wind, rain, deserts, sea level, and other impacts?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change fuelled by human activities is already interfering with what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deserts

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many deaths per year are predicted by the report?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 350,000 deaths per year

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the habitat of 2.5 million people?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many deaths per year does climate change cause?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 1 million deaths

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Rising seas

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: sea level

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change fuelled by human activities

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2020

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2.5 million people. Storms, floods, and wildfires

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change fuelled by human activities

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: deserts, sea level,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Storms, floods, and wildfires

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: heat, wind, rain,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming isn't slowed.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: rising seas

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Storms, floods, and wildfires

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2030 if global warming isn't slowed.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2.5

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2020

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising seas

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 1 million deaths per year by 2030

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change fuelled by human activities

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: rising seas

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2.5

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: heat, wind, rain, deserts, sea level,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 350,000 deaths per year.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 4%

text: The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) was an important episode of cooling in the climate history of the Earth during the deglaciation at the close of the last ice age. It illustrates the complexity of the climate changes at the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene Epochs.

text: The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) was an important episode of cooling in the

text: climate

text: history of the Earth during the

text: deglaciation

text: at the close of the last

text: ice age

text: . It illustrates the complexity of the climate changes at the transition from the

text: Pleistocene

text: to the

text: Holocene

text: Epochs.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) was an important episode of cooling

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the name of the epoch in which the ACR occurred?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal was an important episode of cooling

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the epoch in which the ACR took place?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Antarctic Cold Reversal last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can be concluded about the Antarctic Cold Reversal?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is a possible reason for the Antarctic Cold Reversal?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is a benefit of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Holocene Epochs.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene Epochs.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cooling in the climate history of the Earth during the deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene to the Holocene Epochs.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: deglaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Antarctic Cold Reversal

text: El Nino affects the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others.

text: El Nino affects the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: El Nino does not affect global climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be lowered by

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a result of El Nino?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is an example of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: intense storms

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can El Nino affect the global climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a result of El Nino?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a result of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can cause intense storms

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: intense storms

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: disrupts normal weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

text: Humlum is a member of the Norwegian organization Climate Realists which opposes the scientific assessment of climate change that is expressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He is active in Norwegian and Danish debate about the issue, arguing that current climate change is mainly a natural phenomenon. Together with Jan-Erik Solheim and Kjel Stordahl, he published the article "Identifying natural contributions to late Holocene climate change" in Global and Planetary Change in 2011. The article argued that changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth explains most of both historical and current climate changes. The theory in the article was opposed by several scientists. He projected in 2013 that the climate most likely will become colder in the next 10–15 years.

text: Humlum is a member of the Norwegian organization

text: Climate Realists

text: which opposes the scientific assessment of climate change that is expressed by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: . He is active in Norwegian and Danish debate about the issue, arguing that current climate change is mainly a natural phenomenon. Together with Jan-Erik Solheim and Kjel Stordahl, he published the article "Identifying natural contributions to late Holocene climate change" in Global and Planetary Change in 2011. The article argued that changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth explains most of both historical and current climate changes. The theory in the article was opposed by several scientists. He projected in 2013 that the climate most likely will become colder in the next 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change is mainly a natural phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 10–15 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago did Humlum publish his article?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the article argued that changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth explain most of both historical and current climate changes

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Realists opposes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: colder in the next 10–15 years

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not fit the description of a natural phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Global and Planetary Change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 10–15 years

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: late Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: likely will become colder in the next 10–15 years

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the climate most likely will become colder in the next 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: natural phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: colder in the next 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Identifying natural contributions to late Holocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in the sun's and moon's

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Humlum

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Humlum

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Humlum

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: colder in the next 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in the sun's and moon's impact on earth

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: current climate change is mainly a natural phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 10–15 years.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: late Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 10–15 years.

text: Marine mammals have evolved to live in the ocean, but the effects of climate change are rapidly altering their habitat. The climate change for arctic marine mammals by studying the difference in their habitat, distribution, abundance, movement and migration, body conditions, behavior, and their sensitivity. The climate change is drastically changing, so it is hard for some arctic marine mammals to adapt to the new conditions as quickly as needed, so the arctic marine mammals are being studied to see what happens to them due to the high stress they are put in due to the rapidly changing climate change. These climate changes put the arctic marine mammals in immense pressure and stress, due to this many species who cannot adapt begin to slowly die off due to the extra stress. As levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase they trap heat which causes an overall warming of the planet. During the last century, the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically. Warming has reached down to about 700 meters and more (per a study which finds that 30% of the ocean warming, over the past decade, has occurred in the deeper oceans below 700 meters). Many marine mammal species require specific temperature ranges in which they must live. The warming of the ocean will cause changes in the species migration or area that they inhibit. The species that cannot relocate due to some type of barrier will be forced to adapt to the increasingly warming sea waters or they will face extinction. Many of the species ranges are being pushed further and further north as water temperatures increase and they will soon have nowhere else to go.

text: Marine mammals have evolved to live in the ocean, but the effects of climate change are rapidly altering their habitat. The climate change for arctic marine mammals by studying the difference in their habitat, distribution, abundance, movement and migration, body conditions, behavior, and their sensitivity. The climate change is drastically changing, so it is hard for some arctic marine mammals to adapt to the new conditions as quickly as needed, so the arctic marine mammals are being studied to see what happens to them due to the high stress they are put in due to the rapidly changing climate change. These climate changes put the arctic marine mammals in immense pressure and stress, due to this many species who cannot adapt begin to slowly die off due to the extra stress. As levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase they trap heat which causes an overall warming of the planet. During the last century, the global average land and

text: sea surface temperature

text: has increased dramatically. Warming has reached down to about 700 meters and more (per a study which finds that 30% of the ocean warming, over the past decade, has occurred in the deeper oceans below 700 meters). Many

text: marine mammal

text: species require specific temperature ranges in which they must live. The warming of the ocean will cause changes in the species migration or area that they inhibit. The species that cannot relocate due to some type of barrier will be forced to adapt to the increasingly warming sea waters or they will face extinction. Many of the species ranges are being pushed further and further north as water temperatures increase and they will soon have nowhere else to go.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: about 700 meters and more

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or ocean warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: marine mammals

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause what to happen to marine mammals?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global average land and sea surface temperature?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of barrier?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of barrier?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of barrier?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees is Earths temperature today?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a type of barrier?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of barrier?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: During the last century,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: arctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Arctic marine mammals

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: they will soon have nowhere else to go.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 700 meters

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: last century,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: they trap heat which causes an overall warming of the planet.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: warming of the planet.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: body conditions, behavior, and their sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: warming sea waters

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: many species who cannot adapt begin to slowly die off

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: heat which causes an overall warming of the planet.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: pushed further and further north

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The warming of the ocean will cause changes in the species migration

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warming of the planet.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last century,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 700 meters

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: warming sea waters

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming of the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 30% of the ocean warming, over the past decade,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 700 meters

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last century,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: migration,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased dramatically.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 30% of the ocean warming, over the past decade,

text: Germany is one of the world's strongest supporters for ecological awareness in response to climate change and global warming.

text: Germany is one of the world's strongest supporters for ecological awareness in response to

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Germany doesn't care about climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be found in the solar system

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the reason for Germany's support for ecological awareness?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases are harmful to the environment.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Germany is one of the world's strongest supporters for ecological awareness

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming.

text: Richard Siegmund Lindzen (born February 8, 1940) is an American atmospheric physicist known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides, and ozone photochemistry. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and books. From 1983 until his retirement in 2013, he was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a lead author of Chapter 7, "Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks," of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report on climate change. He has criticized the scientific consensus about climate change and what he has called "climate alarmism."

text: Richard Siegmund Lindzen (born February 8, 1940) is an American

text: atmospheric physicist

text: known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere,

text: atmospheric tides

text: , and

text: ozone

text: photochemistry

text: . He has published more than 200 scientific papers and books. From 1983 until his retirement in 2013, he was

text: Alfred P. Sloan

text: Professor of

text: Meteorology

text: at the

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: . He was a lead author of Chapter 7, "Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks," of the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: 's

text: Third Assessment Report

text: on

text: climate change

text: . He has criticized the

text: scientific consensus about climate change

text: and what he has called "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the scientific consensus about climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1983

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does Richard Siegmund Lindzen study?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Richard Siegmund Lindzen study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate alarmism

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What was the name of Richard Siegmund Lindzen's father?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the middle atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has he called "climate alarmism?"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What has he called "climate alarmism"?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How many years did Richard Siegmund Lindzen work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is Richard Siegmund Lindzen known for?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many years after Richard Siegmund Lindzen was born did he retire?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: what is the main cause of recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is Richard Siegmund Lindzen's occupation?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: February 8, 1940)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ozone photochemistry.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ozone photochemistry.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1983 until his retirement in 2013,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "climate alarmism."

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Richard Siegmund Lindzen

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: atmospheric tides,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks,"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "climate alarmism."

text: Unusual climatic extremes began to occur during the Pliocene epoch, four million years ago. In the Pleistocene epoch that followed, these fluctuations culminated in a number of extensive ice ages, which ended, in central Europe, around 12,000 years ago. (For details, see the last glacial period and climate history.)

text: Unusual climatic extremes began to occur during the

text: Pliocene

text: epoch, four million years ago. In the

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch that followed, these fluctuations culminated in a number of extensive

text: ice age

text: s, which ended, in central Europe, around 12,000 years ago. (For details, see the

text: last glacial period

text: and

text: climate history

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The last glacial period ended, in central Europe, around 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: around 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene epoch end?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What do sunspots produce?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing ice ages, is an example of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about 12,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago did the last glacial period and climate history end?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: four million years ago

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: four million years ago.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages, which ended, in central Europe,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pliocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: a number of extensive ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: central Europe,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pliocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pliocene epoch,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Unusual climatic extremes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages,

text: His reputation as a climate change denier became national when he and four government colleagues disagreed with others of their party in a dissenting committee report regarding climate change.

text: His reputation as a

text: climate change denier

text: became national when he and four government colleagues disagreed with others of their party in a dissenting

entity_name: Australian House of Representatives committees

text: committee

text: report regarding climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: He is a climate change denier.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase in the future

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: can be caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change denial, is an example of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a lot

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The answer is no.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: denier

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: party

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: His reputation as a climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: His reputation as a climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: His reputation as a climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: His reputation as a climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change denier

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change.

text: Another potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems is the melting of permafrost.  This can have significant effects on the plant communities that are adapted to the frozen soil, and may also have implications for further climate change.  As permafrost melts, any trees growing above it may die, and the land shifts from forest to peatland.  In the far north, shrubs may later take over what was formerly tundra.  The precise effect depends on whether the water that was locked up is able to drain off.  In either case, the habitat will undergo a shift.  Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future.  Within the permafrost, vast quantities of carbon are locked up.  If this soil melts, the carbon may be released into the air as either carbon dioxide or methane.  Both of these are greenhouse gases (Stokstad 2004).

text: Another potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems is the melting of

text: permafrost

text: .  This can have significant effects on the plant communities that are adapted to the frozen soil, and may also have implications for further climate change.  As permafrost melts, any trees growing above it may die, and the land shifts from forest to peatland.  In the far north, shrubs may later take over what was formerly tundra.  The precise effect depends on whether the water that was locked up is able to drain off.  In either case, the habitat will undergo a shift.  Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future.  Within the permafrost, vast quantities of

text: carbon

text: are locked up.  If this soil melts, the carbon may be released into the air as either

text: carbon dioxide

text: or

text: methane

text: .  Both of these are

text: greenhouse gas

text: es (Stokstad 2004).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of permafrost may accelerate climate change in the future

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2004

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or methane?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: any trees growing above it may die

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: any trees growing above it may die

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the far north

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a potential effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is a potential effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect plants?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting of permafrost

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming to norther ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: adapted to the frozen soil,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide or methane.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide or methane.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: melting of permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: permafrost.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: the water that was locked up is able to drain off.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of permafrost.

text: Two changes to the global atmosphere due to anthropogenic activity threaten marine mammals. The first is increases in ultraviolet radiation due to ozone depletion, and this mainly affects the Antarctic and other areas of the southern hemisphere. An increase in ultraviolet radiation has the capacity to decrease phytoplankton abundance, which forms the basis of the food chain in the ocean. The second effect of global climate change is global warming due to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.  Raised sea levels, sea temperature and changed currents are expected to affect marine mammals by altering the distribution of important prey species, and changing the suitability of breeding sites and migratory routes. The Arctic food chain would be disrupted by the near extinction or migration of polar bears. Arctic sea ice is the polar bear's habitat. It has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade because the temperature is rising at twice the rate of the rest of the world. By the year 2050, up to two-thirds of the world's polar bears may vanish if the sea ice continues to melt at its current rate.

text: Two changes to the global

text: atmosphere

text: due to

text: anthropogenic activity

text: threaten marine mammals. The first is increases in

text: ultraviolet radiation

text: due to

text: ozone depletion

text: , and this mainly affects the

text: Antarctic

text: and other areas of the

text: southern hemisphere

text: . An increase in ultraviolet radiation has the capacity to decrease phytoplankton abundance, which forms the basis of the food chain in the ocean. The second effect of

text: global climate change

text: is

text: global warming

text: due to increased

text: carbon dioxide

text: levels in the atmosphere.  Raised sea levels, sea temperature and changed currents are expected to affect marine mammals by altering the distribution of important prey species, and changing the suitability of breeding sites and migratory routes. The Arctic food chain would be disrupted by the near extinction or migration of polar bears. Arctic sea ice is the polar bear's habitat. It has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade because the temperature is rising at twice the rate of the rest of the world. By the year 2050, up to two-thirds of the world's polar bears may vanish if the sea ice continues to melt at its current rate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Arctic sea ice is the polar bear's habitat

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the second effect of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global climate change: global warming due to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ozone depletion, and global warming are all types of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would be disrupted by the near extinction of what species?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: decrease phytoplankton abundance

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: what is the second effect of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global climate change: global warming due to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many percent of the world's polar bears may vanish if the sea ice continues to melt?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming due to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: twice the rate of the rest of the world

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: polar bears.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: twice

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increases in ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar bears.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Antarctic and other areas of the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increases in ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic and other areas of the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 13%

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Raised sea levels, sea temperature and changed currents

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Raised sea levels, sea temperature and changed currents

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Raised sea levels, sea temperature and changed currents

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 13%

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Raised sea levels, sea temperature

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increased carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Raised sea levels, sea temperature

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ozone depletion,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: twice the rate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: The software contains a library of information the player may use to familiarize themselves with the issues surrounding the game. The appearance of the library is a bookshelf with books titled "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect," "Climate Change Dubiety," "The Phenomena Behind Climate Change," and "Visions of the Future." By clicking on "Climate Change Dubiety," for example, the game will display a list of papers published which do not agree with the hypothesis of climate change that is used for the game. By clicking on "Some History," a list of noteworthy discoveries regarding climate change is displayed and sorted by year.

text: The software contains a library of information the player may use to familiarize themselves with the issues surrounding the game. The appearance of the library is a bookshelf with books titled "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect," "Climate Change Dubiety," "The Phenomena Behind Climate Change," and "Visions of the Future." By clicking on "Climate Change Dubiety," for example, the game will display a list of papers published which do not agree with the hypothesis of climate change that is used for the game. By clicking on "Some History," a list of noteworthy discoveries regarding climate change is displayed and sorted by year.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the game will display a list of papers published which do not agree with the hypothesis

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a book title: "Greenhouse Effect," "Climate Change Dubiety," or "Visions of the Future?"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse Effect, "Climate Change Dubiety," "The Phenomena Behind Climate Change," and "Visions of the Future."

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Visions of the Future

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not agree with the hypothesis of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Visions of the Future

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Some History

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Some History

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Some History

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Some History

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Phenomena Behind Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "Greenhouse Effect"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Some History

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: hypothesis of climate change that is used for the game.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: year.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: year.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "Climate Change Dubiety,"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "Climate Change Dubiety,"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History,"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "Climate change policy," "Some History," "Greenhouse Effect,"

text: Modern process of climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change. The northwest margin of the Asian summer monsoon is influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds, where the paleoclimate change reflects a certain degree of complexity. Through the study of the modern process of regional climate on modern time scales, the interaction between monsoon and westerly winds is obvious, and this modern process can be used to imply the long-term interaction between the two climate systems.

text: Modern process of climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change. The northwest margin of the Asian summer monsoon is influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds, where the paleoclimate change reflects a certain degree of complexity. Through the study of the modern process of regional climate on modern time scales, the interaction between monsoon and westerly winds is obvious, and this modern process can be used to imply the long-term interaction between the two climate systems.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the interaction between monsoon and westerly winds is obvious

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: modern time scales

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1880

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be used to imply the long-term interaction between the two climate systems

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the process that causes the formation of sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change is the basis for the study

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: westerly winds

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: monsoon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to imply the long-term interaction between the two climate systems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: monsoon and westerly winds

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: on modern time scales

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: paleoclimate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The northwest margin of the Asian summer monsoon

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: paleoclimate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: monsoon

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: modern time scales,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Modern process of climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: westerly winds,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Asian summer monsoon

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Asian summer monsoon

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Modern process of climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Modern process of climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Modern process of climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: influenced by both the monsoon and the westerly winds,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Modern process of climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change is the basis for the study of paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: paleoclimate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: winds,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a certain degree of complexity.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: paleoclimate change.

text: When deciding how to discount future climate change impacts, value judgements are necessary (Arrow et al.., 1996b:130). IPCC (2001a:9) found that there was no consensus on the use of long-term discount rates in this area. The prescriptive approach to discounting leads to long-term discount rates of 2-3% in real terms, while the descriptive approach leads to rates of at least 4% after tax - sometimes much higher (Halsnæs et al.., 2007:136).

text: When deciding how to discount future climate change impacts, value judgements are necessary (Arrow et al.., 1996b:130). IPCC (2001a:9) found that there was no consensus on the use of long-term discount rates in this area. The prescriptive approach to discounting leads to long-term discount rates of 2-3% in real terms, while the descriptive approach leads to rates of at least 4% after tax - sometimes much higher (Halsnæs et al.., 2007:136).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there was no consensus on the use of long-term discount rates in this area

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: at least 4%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term discount rates of 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tax

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: has a long-term discount rate of 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: deciding how to discount future climate change impacts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the prescriptive approach to discounting?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term discount rates of 2-3% in real terms

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 4%

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: prescriptive

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: prescriptive

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: (Halsn s et al., 2007:136)

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: value judgements

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term discount rates

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2001a:9

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2-3% in real terms

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: value judgements

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 4%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change impacts,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: value judgements

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 4% after tax

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change impacts,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 4%

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change impacts, value judgements

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change impacts, value judgements

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change impacts, value judgements

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2-3% in real terms,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2-3% in real terms,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 4%

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: IPCC

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1996b:130).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: 4%

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2-3%

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 4%

text: It was believed that the extinction was due to the climate changes, but human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven. There is a growing consensus that the extinction of the megafauna was caused by progressive drying starting about 700,000 years ago (700 ka). It is revealed recently that there was a major change in glacial-interglacial cycles after ~450 ka. As for human involvement's contribution to the extinction, one argument is that the arrival of humans was coincident with the disappearance of all the extinct megafauna. It is supported by the claims that during MIS3, climatic conditions are relatively stable and no major climate change would cause the mass extinction of megafauna including Thylacoleo. Due to the lack of data, the human role in the extinction cannot be proven.

text: It was believed that the extinction was due to the climate changes, but human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven. There is a growing consensus that the extinction of the megafauna was caused by progressive drying starting about 700,000 years ago (700 ka). It is revealed recently that there was a major change in glacial-interglacial cycles after ~450 ka. As for human involvement's contribution to the extinction, one argument is that the arrival of humans was coincident with the disappearance of all the extinct megafauna. It is supported by the claims that during

text: , climatic conditions are relatively stable and no major climate change would cause the mass extinction of megafauna including Thylacoleo. Due to the lack of data, the human role in the extinction cannot be proven.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no major climate change would cause the mass extinction of megafauna including Thylacoleo

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 450 ka

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: MIS3

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an extinction driver: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the most common type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities as an extinction driver

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Thylacoleo

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would cause the mass extinction of megafauna

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic conditions are relatively stable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: about 700,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What was revealed recently that there was a major change in glacial-interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It was believed that the extinction was due to the climate changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It was believed that the extinction was due to the climate changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 450 ka

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activities as an extinction driver

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no major climate change would cause the mass extinction

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: MIS3

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: MIS3

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 450 ka

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: MIS3

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: no major climate change would cause the mass extinction

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: <unk>450 ka.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human activities as an extinction driver

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Thylacoleo.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic conditions are relatively stable and no major climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: major climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no major climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no major climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human activities as an extinction driver is still possible yet unproven.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 450 ka.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial-interglacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial-interglacial cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: MIS3,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: MIS3,

text: The Paleolithic is often held to finish at the end of the ice age (the end of the Pleistocene epoch), and Earth's climate became warmer. This may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna, although it is also possible that the late Pleistocene extinctions were (at least in part) caused by other factors such as disease and overhunting by humans. New research suggests that the extinction of the woolly mammoth may have been caused by the combined effect of climatic change and human hunting. Scientists suggest that climate change during the end of the Pleistocene caused the mammoths' habitat to shrink in size, resulting in a drop in population. The small populations were then hunted out by Paleolithic humans. The global warming that occurred during the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene may have made it easier for humans to reach mammoth habitats that were previously frozen and inaccessible. Small populations of wooly mammoths survived on isolated Arctic islands, Saint Paul Island and Wrangel Island, till circa 3700 and 1700 BCE respectively. The Wrangel Island population became extinct around the same time the island was settled by prehistoric humans. There's no evidence of prehistoric human presence on Saint Paul island (though early human settlements dating as far back as 6500 BCE were found on the nearby Aleutian Islands).

text: The Paleolithic is often held to finish at the end of the ice age (the end of the Pleistocene epoch), and Earth's climate became warmer. This may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the

text: Pleistocene megafauna

text: , although it is also possible that the late

text: Pleistocene extinctions

text: were (at least in part) caused by other factors such as disease and overhunting by humans. New research suggests that the extinction of the

text: woolly mammoth

text: may have been caused by the combined effect of climatic change and human hunting. Scientists suggest that climate change during the end of the Pleistocene caused the mammoths' habitat to shrink in size, resulting in a drop in population. The small populations were then hunted out by Paleolithic humans. The global warming that occurred during the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the

text: Holocene

text: may have made it easier for humans to reach mammoth habitats that were previously frozen and inaccessible. Small populations of wooly mammoths survived on isolated Arctic islands,

text: Saint Paul Island

text: and

text: Wrangel Island

text: , till circa 3700 and 1700 BCE respectively. The Wrangel Island population became extinct around the same time the island was settled by prehistoric humans. There's no evidence of prehistoric human presence on Saint Paul island (though early human settlements dating as far back as 6500 BCE were found on the nearby

text: Aleutian Islands

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Wrangel Island population became extinct around the same time the island was settled by prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the beginning of the Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What may have contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoth?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the extinction of the woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What may have contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoth?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: disease and overhunting by humans

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What may have contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What may have caused or contributed to the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the population of woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did climate change affect woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may have caused the extinction of the woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What may have contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoth?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What may have contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoths?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1700 BCE

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming that occurred during the end of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: prehistoric humans.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: disease and overhunting by humans.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: prehistoric human presence

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warmer.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Paleolithic

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 1700 BCE

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Earth's climate became warmer.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

text: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.  Seen from below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to space, and so exert a cooling effect.<ref name=hartmann-1997>{{cite journal |author1=Hartmann, D.L. |author2=M.E. Ockert-Bell |author3=M.L. Michelsen  |last-author-amp=yes |year=1992 |title=The Effect of Cloud Type on Earth's Energy Balance: Global Analysis |journal=J. Climate |volume=5 |pages=1281–1304 |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005

text: Global warming

text: is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.  Seen from below, clouds emit

text: infrared radiation

text: back to the surface, and so exert a warming effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to space, and so exert a cooling effect.<ref name=hartmann-1997>{{cite journal |author1=Hartmann, D.L. |author2=M.E. Ockert-Bell |author3=M.L. Michelsen  |last-author-amp=yes |year=1992 |title=The Effect of Cloud Type on Earth's Energy Balance: Global Analysis |journal=J. Climate |volume=5 |pages=1281–1304 |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1997

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to change the distribution of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ref name=hartmann-1997> cite journal |author1=Hartmann, D.L. |author2=M.E. Ockert-Bell |author3=M.L. Michelsen |last-author-amp=yes |year=1992 |volume=5 |pages=1281–1304 |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005;

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can affect the distribution and type of clouds on Earth.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the oceans

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Do small changes in temperature make big changes in climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will change the distribution and type of clouds

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The last ice age covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Earths temperature is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds. Seen from below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to space, and so exert a cooling effect.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds. Seen from below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to space, and so exert a cooling effect.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cooling effect.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: |pages=1281–1304

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: clouds emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warming effect;

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: |title=The Effect of Cloud Type on Earth's Energy Balance: Global Analysis

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: |author3=M.L. Michelsen

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: |author3=M.L. Michelsen

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warming effect;

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Global warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: |year=1992

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling effect.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: In common with the rest of Scotland the Firth of Clyde was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages and the landscape is much affected by glaciation. Arran's highest peaks may have been nunataks at this time. After the last retreat of the ice sea level changes and the isostatic rise of land makes charting post glacial coastlines a complex task but the resultant clifflines behind raised beaches are a prominent feature of the entire coastline.

text: In common with the rest of Scotland the Firth of Clyde was covered by ice sheets during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice ages

text: and the landscape is much affected by

text: glaciation

text: . Arran's highest peaks may have been

text: nunatak

text: s at this time. After the last retreat of the ice sea level changes and the

text: isostatic

text: rise of land makes charting

text: post glacial

text: coastlines a complex task but the resultant clifflines behind

text: raised beach

text: es are a prominent feature of the entire coastline.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Firth of Clyde was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and glaciation are examples of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause sea levels to rise

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: raised beaches

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: the isostatic rise

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: nunataks

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: In common with the rest of Scotland the Firth of Clyde

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: rise of land

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: In common with the rest of Scotland the Firth of Clyde

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea level changes and the isostatic rise of land

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the isostatic rise of land

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: sea level changes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene ice ages

text: The 1982/83 "mega-El Niño" devastated seabird populations on Kiritimati. In some species, mortality rose to 90% and breeding success dropped to zero during that time. In general, El Niño conditions will cause seabird populations to drop, taking several years to recover at the present density of predators. Global warming impact on Kiritimati is thus unpredictable. El Niño events seem to become shorter but more frequent in a warmer climate. Much of the island's infrastructure and habitation, with the notable exception of the airport area, is located to the leeward and thus somewhat protected from storms. A rising sea level does not appear to be particularly problematic; the increasing flooding of the subsidiary lagoons would provide easily observed forewarning, and might even benefit seabird populations by making the motus less accessible to predators. In fact, geological data suggests that Kiritimati has withstood prehistoric sea level changes well. The biggest hazard caused by a changing climate would seem to be more prolonged and/or severe droughts, which could even enforce the island's abandonment as they did in 1905. However, it is not clear how weather patterns would change, and it may be that precipitation increases.

text: The 1982/83 "mega-

text: El Niño

text: " devastated seabird populations on Kiritimati. In some species,

text: mortality

text: rose to 90% and breeding success dropped to zero during that time. In general, El Niño conditions will cause seabird populations to drop, taking several years to recover at the present density of predators.

text: Global warming

text: impact on Kiritimati is thus unpredictable. El Niño events seem to become shorter but more frequent in a warmer climate. Much of the island's infrastructure and habitation, with the notable exception of the airport area, is located to the

text: leeward

text: and thus somewhat protected from storms. A rising sea level does not appear to be particularly problematic; the increasing flooding of the subsidiary lagoons would provide easily observed forewarning, and might even benefit seabird populations by making the motus less accessible to predators. In fact, geological data suggests that Kiritimati has withstood prehistoric sea level changes well. The biggest hazard caused by a changing climate would seem to be more prolonged and/or severe droughts, which could even enforce the island's abandonment as they did in 1905. However, it is not clear how weather patterns would change, and it may be that precipitation increases.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the airport area is located to the leeward and thus somewhat protected from storms

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1982

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the mega-El Ni o devastated seabird populations on Kiritimati did precipitation increase?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years did the mega-El Ni o last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming impact on Kiritimati is thus unpredictable

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the airport area

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the mega-El Ni o last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: seabird populations to drop

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in a warmer climate

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the biggest hazard caused by a changing climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the "mega-El Ni o" last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not clear

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does this affect seabirds?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What might benefit seabird populations by making the motus less accessible to predators?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years did the mega-El Ni o last?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: mega-El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: prehistoric

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming impact on Kiritimati

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: mega-El Ni o

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: island's abandonment as they did in 1905.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1982/83

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Ni<unk>o events

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: airport area,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: devastated seabird populations on Kiritimati.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cause seabird populations to drop,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: more prolonged and/or severe droughts,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The 1982/83

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: more prolonged and/or severe droughts,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more prolonged and/or severe droughts,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unpredictable.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: more prolonged and/or severe droughts,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The 1982/83 "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Kiritimati.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The 1982/83

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: more prolonged and/or severe droughts,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Ni<unk>o events

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The 1982/83 "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni<unk>o events

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: prehistoric sea level changes

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: prehistoric

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "mega-El Ni<unk>o"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: El Ni<unk>o events seem to become shorter but more frequent

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni<unk>o events

text: President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, in his opening speech at FD4, told the plenary “… it’s time for all of us to push, and push hard for the full incorporation of REDD+ into a long-term international climate change agreement.” In a passionate plea, the Mexican president also stressed, “Either we change our way of life now, or climate change will change it for us.”

text: President

text: Felipe Calderón Hinojosa

text: , in his opening speech at FD4, told the plenary “… it’s time for all of us to push, and push hard for the full incorporation of

entity_name: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

text: REDD+

text: into a long-term international climate change agreement.” In a passionate plea, the Mexican president also stressed, “Either we change our way of life now, or climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change will change it for us

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What will change for us?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is REDD+?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change will change what for us?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change agreement?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's time for all of us

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: REDD

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: REDD

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change agreement.”

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: REDD+ into a long-term international climate change agreement.”

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: REDD+ into a long-term international climate change agreement.”

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: our way of life

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change agreement.”

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change will change it for us.”

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: FD4,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: REDD+

text: An approach based on sequential decision making recognises that, over time, decisions related to climate change can be revised in the light of improved information. This is particularly important with respect to climate change, due to the long-term nature of the problem. A near-term hedging strategy concerned with reducing future climate impacts might favour stringent, near-term emissions reductions. As stated earlier, carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of , emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level (refer to diagram opposite). Stringent near-term emissions reductions allow for greater future flexibility with regard to a low stabilization target, e.g., 450 parts-per-million (ppm) . To put it differently, stringent near-term emissions abatement can be seen as having an option value in allowing for lower, long-term stabilization targets. This option may be lost if near-term emissions abatement is less stringent.

text: An approach based on sequential decision making recognises that, over time, decisions related to climate change can be revised in the light of improved

text: information

text: . This is particularly important with respect to climate change, due to the long-term nature of the problem. A near-term

text: hedging

text: strategy concerned with reducing future climate impacts might favour stringent, near-term emissions reductions. As stated earlier, carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of , emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level (refer to diagram opposite). Stringent near-term emissions reductions allow for greater future flexibility with regard to a low stabilization target, e.g., 450

text: parts-per-million

text: (ppm) . To put it differently, stringent near-term emissions abatement can be seen as having an

text: option value

text: in allowing for lower, long-term stabilization targets. This option may be lost if near-term emissions abatement is less stringent.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 450 parts-per-million (ppm)

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: To stabilize the atmospheric concentration of, emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would need to be drastically reduced from their present level

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the long-term nature of the problem?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the long-term nature of the problem

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term nature of the problem

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: one ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: recent decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 450 parts-per-million (ppm)

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: stringent, near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term stabilization targets

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 450 parts-per-million (ppm)

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Stringent near-term emissions reductions

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 450

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change can be revised in the light of improved information.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: emissions would need to be drastically reduced from their present level

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: near-term emissions reductions.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change can be revised in the light of improved information.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, and to stabilize the atmospheric concentration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 450 parts-per-million

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: near-term emissions reductions.

text: Blumenthal estimated that the snow line had been as low as  in elevation during the Late Pleistocene. Such a snow line would have created an ice cap of  in extent. However, he observed a lack of any clear evidence of prehistoric moraines other than those which were close to the 1958 glacier tongues. Blumenthal explained the absence of such moraines by the lack of confining ridges to control glaciers, insufficient debris load in the ice to form moraines, and their burial by later eruptions. Years later, Birman observed on the south-facing slopes a possible moraine that extends at least  in altitude below the base of the 1958 ice cap at an elevation of . He also found two morainal deposits that were created by a Mount Ararat valley glacier of Pleistocene, possibly Wisconsinan (Last Glacial Maximum) age downvalley from Lake Balik Golu. The higher moraine lies at an altitude of about  and the lower moraine lies at an altitude of about . The lower moraine occurs about  downstream from Lake Balik Golu. Both moraines are about  high. It is suspected that Lake Balik Golu occupies a glacial basin.

text: Blumenthal estimated that the

text: snow line

text: had been as low as  in elevation during the Late

text: Pleistocene

text: . Such a snow line would have created an ice cap of  in extent. However, he observed a lack of any clear evidence of prehistoric

text: moraine

text: s other than those which were close to the 1958 glacier tongues. Blumenthal explained the absence of such moraines by the lack of confining ridges to control glaciers, insufficient debris load in the ice to form moraines, and their burial by later eruptions. Years later, Birman observed on the south-facing slopes a possible moraine that extends at least  in altitude below the base of the 1958 ice cap at an elevation of . He also found two morainal deposits that were created by a Mount Ararat valley glacier of Pleistocene, possibly

text: Wisconsinan

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: ) age downvalley from Lake Balik Golu. The higher moraine lies at an altitude of about  and the lower moraine lies at an altitude of about . The lower moraine occurs about  downstream from Lake Balik Golu. Both moraines are about  high. It is suspected that Lake Balik Golu occupies a glacial basin.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The lower moraines are about high.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: about

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1958

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the celestial body that lies at an elevation of about?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eruptions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: moraines

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years was the ice cap at an elevation of?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: snow line had been as low as in elevation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would have created an ice cap of in extent?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the reason for the lack of evidence of prehistoric moraines

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: in elevation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacier tongues

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: moraines

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: in elevation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Last Glacial Maximum

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice cap of in extent.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: of.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: eruptions.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: eruptions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: prehistoric moraines

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice cap

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Wisconsinan

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice cap of in extent.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice cap

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: eruptions.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice cap

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice cap

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: elevation during the Late Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Late Pleistocene.

text: During the last ice age most of the vegetation in the Riding Mountain region was eliminated, and it remained this way after the retreat of the glaciers 12,500 years ago. The Riding Mountain upland and surrounding plains and Manitoba Escarpment were mostly carved in the Tertiary era, but the ice sheets of the Pleistocene period modified the drainage and appearance of the land. Only the movement of the last ice sheet in this period left a visible effect on the features of the region. About 11,500 years ago a spruce dominated forest began to emerge in its place, with some of the vegetation being ash, juniper, sedges, buffaloberry, and trembling aspen. After this time the climate was dry, and  the percentage of spruce decreased. During the Holecene climatic optimum up until 6500 years ago the amount of herbs, shrubs and grasses in the park increased. At the end of this time beaked hazelnut appeared and the amount of bur oak increased, with the climate becoming cooler and moister. Up to 2,500 years ago the amount of grassland species in general decreased and boreal forests migrated into the Riding Mountain region. It was at this moment that ecosystems began to resemble those of today, with species such as tamarack, fir, alder, pine and spruce becoming more common. Several streams that run through the park have headwaters in Riding Mountain's lakes. Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs rather than from streams.

text: During the last ice age most of the vegetation in the Riding Mountain region was eliminated, and it remained this way after the retreat of the glaciers 12,500 years ago. The Riding Mountain upland and surrounding plains and Manitoba Escarpment were mostly carved in the

text: Tertiary

text: era, but the ice sheets of the

text: Pleistocene

text: period modified the drainage and appearance of the land. Only the movement of the last ice sheet in this period left a visible effect on the features of the region. About 11,500 years ago a spruce dominated forest began to emerge in its place, with some of the vegetation being ash,

text: juniper

text: sedges

text: buffaloberry

text: , and

text: trembling aspen

text: . After this time the climate was dry, and  the percentage of spruce decreased. During the

text: Holecene climatic optimum

text: up until 6500 years ago the amount of herbs, shrubs and grasses in the park increased. At the end of this time

text: beaked hazelnut

text: appeared and the amount of

text: bur oak

text: increased, with the climate becoming cooler and moister. Up to 2,500 years ago the amount of grassland species in general decreased and boreal forests migrated into the Riding Mountain region. It was at this moment that ecosystems began to resemble those of today, with species such as

text: tamarack

text: fir

text: alder

text: pine

text: and

text: spruce

text: becoming more common. Several streams that run through the park have headwaters in Riding Mountain's lakes. Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs rather than from streams.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Up to 2,500 years ago the amount of grassland species in general decreased

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 12,500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 6500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which happened first, the Holecene climatic optimum or the Holecene climatic optimum?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years did the Holecene climatic optimum last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does this affect the environment?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a spruce dominated forest

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the amount of grassland species in general decreased?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate becoming cooler and moister

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the climate becoming cooler and moister?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the climate becoming cooler and moister?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the ecosystems of the future?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago did ecosystems begin to resemble those of today?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which happened first, the retreat of the glaciers or the ice sheets of the Pleistocene period?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: up until 6500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: the climate becoming cooler and moister

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate becoming cooler and moister

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs rather than from streams.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: dry,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 6500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Holecene climatic optimum

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: boreal forests

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs rather than from streams.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the climate becoming cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Only the movement of the last ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 12,500 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Holecene climatic optimum

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Holecene climatic optimum

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Holecene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Clear Lake's water comes from underground springs

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler and moister.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Holecene

text: The core was dated using two methods. The top was dated by counting annual layers to an age of 31,200 years ago. The bottom was dated using stratigraphic methods to an age of 67,748, years at the bottom of the core. The dating was more accurate than other Antarctic ice cores and enables a better understanding of the causes of previous climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

text: The core was dated using two methods. The top was dated by counting annual layers to an age of 31,200 years ago. The bottom was dated using stratigraphic methods to an age of 67,748, years at the bottom of the core. The dating was more accurate than other Antarctic ice cores and enables a better understanding of the causes of previous climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The bottom was dated using stratigraphic methods

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 67,748, years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 31,200 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be used to predict future climate changes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ice core: stratigraphic or annual layers?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: stratigraphic methods

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to date ice cores

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which place?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate changes?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many degrees

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 677488 years

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: stratigraphic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The bottom was dated using stratigraphic methods

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: previous climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Antarctic ice cores

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 31,200 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Antarctic

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: enables a better understanding of the causes of previous climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 67,748,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: previous climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate changes. This information helps improve predictions of future climate changes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate changes.

text: According to scientists, global warming is predicted to have significant effects on the climate of Argentina. Though temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average, nonetheless these impacts have occurred in many areas. If these trends continue, it is predicted that climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters such as increasing the intensity and frequency of floods or create new ones.

text: According to scientists,

text: global warming

text: is predicted to have significant effects on the

text: climate of Argentina

text: . Though temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average, nonetheless these impacts have occurred in many areas. If these trends continue, it is predicted that climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters such as increasing the intensity and frequency of floods or create new ones.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Increasing the intensity and frequency of floods or create new ones.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: at a slower rate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are predicted to increase at a faster rate than what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a natural disaster: floods, global warming or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increasing the intensity and frequency of floods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a natural disaster that can increase the intensity and frequency of floods?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasing the intensity and frequency of floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of natural disaster?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will increase the intensity and frequency of floods

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a slower rate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slower rate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming is predicted to have significant effects on the climate of Argentina.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Argentina.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming is predicted to have significant effects on the climate of Argentina.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increasing the intensity and frequency of floods or create new ones.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming is predicted to have significant effects on the climate of Argentina.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Argentina.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change will exacerbate existing natural disasters

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: temperatures have increased at a slower rate than the global average,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slower rate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Beginning in the latest Middle Pennsylvanian (late Moscovian) a cycle of aridification began. At the time of the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, the climate became cooler and drier. This is reflected in the rock record as the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age. Sea levels dropped by 100 m, and glacial ice covered most of the southern continent of Gondwana. The cooler, drier climate conditions were not favourable to the growth of rainforests, and much of the biodiversity within them. Rainforests shrank into isolated patches, the islands of rainforest were mostly confined to wet valleys further and further apart. Little of the original lycopsid rainforest biome survived this initial climate crisis. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere crashed to one of its all time global lows in the Pennsylvanian and early Permian.

text: Beginning in the latest Middle Pennsylvanian (late Moscovian) a cycle of aridification began. At the time of the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, the climate became cooler and drier. This is reflected in the rock record as the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age. Sea levels dropped by 100 m, and glacial ice covered most of the southern continent of

text: Gondwana

text: . The cooler, drier climate conditions were not favourable to the growth of rainforests, and much of the biodiversity within them. Rainforests shrank into isolated patches, the islands of rainforest were mostly confined to wet valleys further and further apart. Little of the original lycopsid rainforest biome survived this initial climate crisis. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere crashed to one of its all time global lows in the Pennsylvanian and early Permian.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Sea levels dropped by 100 m

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the latest Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long did the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which happened first, the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse or the ice age?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How did this affect the climate?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rainforests shrank into isolated patches

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Rainforests shrank into isolated patches

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the last Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which happened first, the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse or the ice age?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Which happened first, the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse or the ice age?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse or the ice age?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the rainforests?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did rainforests shrank?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years after the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which happened first, the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse or Sea levels dropped by 100 m?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Why did the climate become cooler and drier?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: a cycle of aridification

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 100 m

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 100 m,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere crashed to one of its all time global lows

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: rainforests,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Rainforests shrank into isolated patches,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: cooler and drier.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biodiversity within them.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial ice covered most of the southern continent of Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: the Earth entered into a short, intense ice age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: crashed to one of its all time global lows

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Middle Pennsylvanian

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler and drier.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age.

text: Lamb's 1977 book Climatic History and the Future described studies of fossil pollen showing an abrupt change from a glacial era of pinewoods to oak trees, pointing to "great rapidity of climate change". He discussed research on the complex effects of human caused pollution, and suggested that "On balance, the effects of increased carbon dioxide on climate is almost certainly in the direction of warming but is probably much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted."

text: Lamb's 1977 book Climatic History and the Future described studies of fossil pollen showing an abrupt change from a glacial era of pinewoods to oak trees, pointing to "great rapidity of climate change". He discussed research on the complex effects of human caused pollution, and suggested that "On balance, the effects of increased carbon dioxide on climate is almost certainly in the direction of warming but is probably much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: is probably much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: much smaller than the estimates

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1977

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and the effects of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human caused pollution

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human caused pollution

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone that causes tropical storms?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: great rapidity of climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: pinewoods

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial era

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "great rapidity

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: "great rapidity

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1977

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Lamb's 1977 book Climatic History and the Future

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human caused pollution,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human caused pollution,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: pinewoods to oak trees,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "On balance, the effects of increased carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: almost certainly in the direction of warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glacial era

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: a glacial era of pinewoods to oak trees,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a glacial era of pinewoods to oak trees,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: almost certainly in the direction of warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human caused pollution,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: warming but is probably much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted."

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: "great rapidity of climate change".

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: fossil pollen showing an abrupt change from a glacial era

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial era

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: much smaller

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial era

text: Another policy response to climate change, known as climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007) is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and/or enhance the removal of these gases from the atmosphere (through carbon sinks). Even the most effective reductions in emissions, however, would not prevent further climate change impacts, making the need for adaptation unavoidable (Klein et al., 2007). In a literature assessment, Klein et al. (2007) assessed options for adaptation. They concluded, with very high confidence, that in the absence of mitigation efforts, the effects of climate change would reach such a magnitude as to make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems. Others are concerned that climate adaptation programs might interfere with the existing development programs and thus lead to unintended consequences for vulnerable groups  For human systems, the economic and social costs of unmitigated climate change would be very high.

text: Another policy response to climate change, known as

text: climate change mitigation

text: (Verbruggen, 2007) is to reduce

text: greenhouse gas

text: (GHG) emissions and/or enhance the removal of these gases from

text: the atmosphere

text: (through

text: carbon sink

text: s). Even the most effective reductions in emissions, however, would not prevent further climate change impacts, making the need for adaptation unavoidable (Klein et al., 2007). In a literature assessment, Klein et al. (2007) assessed options for adaptation. They concluded, with very high confidence, that in the absence of mitigation efforts, the effects of climate change would reach such a magnitude as to make adaptation impossible for some natural

text: ecosystem

text: s. Others are concerned that climate adaptation programs might interfere with the existing development programs and thus lead to unintended consequences for vulnerable groups  For human systems, the economic and

text: social cost

text: s of unmitigated climate change would be very high.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: even the most effective reductions in emissions, however, would not prevent further climate change impacts

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term for greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, carbon sinks, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: GHG emissions and/or enhance the removal of these gases from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: GHG emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: unintended consequences

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change mitigation policy?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unintended consequences

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the effects of climate change be?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change mitigation

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What would make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: GHG

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: carbon sinks

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007)

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (GHG) emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: carbon sinks).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate adaptation programs might interfere with the existing development programs

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Another policy response to climate change,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: adaptation unavoidable

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adaptation unavoidable

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human systems,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Another policy response to climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: (GHG)

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen, 2007)

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: carbon sinks).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change mitigation (Verbruggen,

text: Hal Harris reviews in Chem Ed Change: "Since most chemistry teachers are not experts on climate change, they usually do not have convincing, understandable, and science-based responses...However, many will also [find] this May/June issue of Skeptical Inquirer useful, because it includes a short article on pages 5-6, "Battle of the Op-Eds: Scientists Defend Reality of Climate Change" containing [content] written by Dave Thomas..." but in 'The Irrelevance of Climate Skeptics' the content becomes a 'one-liner'. In The Albuquerque Journal in 2103 Thomas and 17 members and officers of New Mexicans for Science and Reason co-signed a column: 'Writer Wrong On Climate Change'. In Skeptical Inquirer in 2014 Thomas tries to dispel the confusion between the words 'skeptic' and 'denier'.

text: Hal Harris reviews in Chem Ed Change: "Since most chemistry teachers are not experts on climate change, they usually do not have convincing, understandable, and science-based responses...However, many will also [find] this May/June issue of

text: Skeptical Inquirer

text: useful, because it includes a short article on pages 5-6, "Battle of the Op-Eds: Scientists Defend Reality of Climate Change" containing [content] written by Dave Thomas..." but in 'The Irrelevance of Climate Skeptics' the content becomes a 'one-liner'. In

text: The Albuquerque Journal

text: in 2103 Thomas and 17 members and officers of

text: New Mexicans for Science and Reason

text: co-signed a column: 'Writer Wrong On Climate Change'. In Skeptical Inquirer in 2014 Thomas tries to dispel the confusion between the words 'skeptic' and 'denier'.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: most chemistry teachers are not experts on climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2100

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a major contributor to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The Albuquerque Journal

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 'The Albuquerque Journal'

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the content becomes a 'one-liner'

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The Albuquerque Journal

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: The Albuquerque Journal

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Albuquerque Journal

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: [content] written by Dave Thomas

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Albuquerque Journal

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a one-liner

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'Writer Wrong On Climate Change'.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Chem Ed Change:

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: chemistry teachers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Chem Ed Change:

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2103

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate Change"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climate Change"

text: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming. Collaborative research from the Institute of Development Studies draws links between adaptation and poverty to help develop an agenda for pro-poor adaptation that can inform climate-resilient poverty reduction. Adaptation to climate change will be "ineffective and inequitable if it fails to learn and build upon an understanding of the multidimensional and differentiated nature of poverty and vulnerability". Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change, yet have reduced assets and capacities with which to adapt. This has led to more activities to integrate adaptation within development and poverty reduction programs. The rise of adaptation as a development issue has been influenced by concerns around minimizing threats to progress on poverty reduction, notably the Millennium Development Goals, and by the injustice of impacts that are felt hardest by those who have done least to contribute to the problem, framing adaptation as an equity and human rights issue.

text: Adaptation to global warming

text: involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming. Collaborative research from the

text: Institute of Development Studies

text: draws links between adaptation and poverty to help develop an agenda for pro-poor adaptation that can inform climate-resilient poverty reduction. Adaptation to climate change will be "ineffective and inequitable if it fails to learn and build upon an understanding of the multidimensional and differentiated nature of poverty and vulnerability". Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change, yet have reduced assets and capacities with which to adapt. This has led to more activities to integrate adaptation within development and poverty reduction programs. The rise of adaptation as a development issue has been influenced by concerns around minimizing threats to progress on poverty reduction, notably the

text: Millennium Development Goals

text: , and by the injustice of impacts that are felt hardest by those who have done least to contribute to the problem, framing adaptation as an equity and

text: human rights

text: issue.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change, yet have reduced assets and capacities with which to adapt

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, poverty reduction, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poverty reduction

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What has led to more activities to integrate adaptation within development and poverty reduction programs?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: more seriously affected by climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: None

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Millennium Development Goals,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Adaptation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Millennium Development Goals,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Poorer countries tend to be more seriously affected by climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Adaptation to global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Adaptation to global warming involves actions to tolerate the effects of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Adaptation to global warming

text: Gender is a topic of increasing concern within climate change policy and science. Generally, gender approaches to climate change address gender- differentiated consequences of climate change, as well as unequal adaptation capacities and gendered contribution to climate change. Furthermore, the intersection of climate change and gender raises questions regarding the complex and intersecting power relations arising from it. These differences, however, are mostly not due to biological or physical differences, but are formed by the social, institutional and legal context. Subsequently, vulnerability is less an intrinsic feature of women and girls but rather a product of their marginalization.Roehr notes that, while the United Nations officially committed to gender mainstreaming, in practice gender equality is not reached in the context of climate change policies.  This is reflected in the fact that discourses of and negotiations over climate change are mostly dominated by men.Some feminist scholars hold that the debate on climate change is not only dominated by men but also primarily shaped in ‘masculine’ principles, which limits discussions about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions. This perception of climate change hides subjectivity and power relations that actually condition climate-change policy and science, leading to a phenomenon that Tuana terms ‘epistemic injustice’.Similarly, MacGregor attests that by framing climate change as an issue of ‘hard’ natural scientific conduct and natural security, it is kept within the traditional domains of hegemonic masculinity.

text: Gender is a topic of increasing concern within

text: climate change

text: policy and science. Generally, gender approaches to climate change address gender- differentiated consequences of climate change, as well as unequal

text: adaptation

text: capacities and gendered contribution to climate change. Furthermore, the intersection of climate change and gender raises questions regarding the complex and

text: intersecting

text: power relations arising from it. These differences, however, are mostly not due to biological or physical differences, but are formed by the social, institutional and legal context. Subsequently,

text: vulnerability

text: is less an intrinsic feature of women and girls but rather a product of their marginalization.Roehr notes that, while the

text: United Nations

text: officially committed to

text: gender mainstreaming

text: , in practice gender equality is not reached in the context of climate change policies.  This is reflected in the fact that discourses of and negotiations over climate change are mostly dominated by men.Some feminist scholars hold that the debate on climate change is not only dominated by men but also primarily shaped in ‘masculine’ principles, which limits discussions about climate change to a perspective that focuses on technical solutions. This perception of climate change hides subjectivity and power relations that actually condition climate-change policy and science, leading to a phenomenon that Tuana terms ‘epistemic injustice’.Similarly, MacGregor attests that by framing climate change as an issue of ‘hard’ natural scientific conduct and natural security, it is kept within the traditional domains of hegemonic masculinity.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: biological or physical differences

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a topic of increasing concern within climate change policy

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a topic of increasing concern within climate change policy and science?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Gender approaches to climate change address gender- differentiated consequences of climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: gender

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a topic of increasing concern within climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the consequences of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: gender-different consequences of climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Gender is a topic of increasing concern within climate change policy

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Tuana

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change is not reached in the context of climate change policies

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change, as well as unequal adaptation capacities

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: mostly not due to biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: hegemonic masculinity.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ‘masculine’ principles,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Gender is a topic of increasing concern within climate change policy and science.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Gender

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: mostly not due to biological or physical differences,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: gender- differentiated consequences of climate change,

text: This climatical reasons for change are the presence of the warm Niño Current during the summer months (December to April), the eventualEl Niño Phenomenon and the passing of Amazon Jungles clouds due to mountain openings and lower altitudes of the Andes Chain. Theseare the causes for a climate change in a short two- or three-hour trajectory that is visible between the Lambayeque Region and the Sechura Province, where not only geography changes but a temperature rise of  or more depending on the month. It is directly off the shores of the Sechura Region where the cold Humboldt current and warm el Niño current meet, at about 5° to 6° south of the equator. From this point warm temperatures are most common, and there are no true winters. Average temperatures range between . Clear skies, beautiful warm valleys, eroded terrains with reddish colored sands, rice fields, palm trees, savannas, bushy forests, dense rivers, beautiful warm turquoise beaches, orangey or yellowish terrains, clearer sands and a sun that hits like the African plateau,where shade is almost impossible.

text: This climatical reasons for change are the presence of the warm Niño Current during the summer months (December to April), the eventual

text: El Niño

text: Phenomenon and the passing of Amazon Jungles clouds due to mountain openings and lower altitudes of the Andes Chain. Theseare the causes for a climate change in a short two- or three-hour trajectory that is visible between the

text: Lambayeque Region

text: and the

text: Sechura Province

text: , where not only geography changes but a temperature rise of  or more depending on the month. It is directly off the shores of the

text: Sechura Region

text: where the cold Humboldt current and warm el Niño current meet, at about 5° to 6° south of the equator. From this point warm temperatures are most common, and there are no true winters. Average temperatures range between . Clear skies, beautiful warm valleys, eroded terrains with reddish colored sands, rice fields, palm trees, savannas, bushy forests, dense rivers, beautiful warm turquoise beaches, orangey or yellowish terrains, clearer sands and a sun that hits like the African plateau,where shade is almost impossible.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there are no true winters

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: average temperatures range between

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause for climate change: the presence of the warm Ni o Current during the summer months?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the causes for a climate change in a short two- or three-hour trajectory that is visible between the Lambayeque Region and the Sechura Province?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nio Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: African plateau,where shade is almost impossible

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many degrees south of the equator is the Lambayeque Region

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature rise of or more depending on the month

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the summer months

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the reason for the climate change in a short two- or three-hour trajectory?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many degrees has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause for a climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Ni o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Nio Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winters

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Humboldt current

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Average temperatures range between

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Ni o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there are no true winters.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: or more

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: shade is almost impossible.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: shade is almost impossible.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: warm Ni<unk>o Current

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: true winters.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a temperature rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: two- or three-hour trajectory

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: 5° to 6° south of the equator.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a temperature rise of or more depending on the month.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: a temperature rise of or more depending on the month.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no true winters.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5° to 6° south of the equator.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: shade is almost impossible.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: eventualEl Ni<unk>o Phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winters.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Humboldt current

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: a temperature rise of or more

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Humboldt current

text: ECCC lists impacts of climate change consistent with global changes. Temperature-related changes include longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells, thawing permafrost, earlier river ice break-up, earlier spring runoff, and earlier budding of trees. Meteorological changes include an increase in precipitation and more snowfall in northwest Arctic. Highlighting that "Warming is not uniform ...(the) Arctic is warming even faster", ECCC notes 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

text: ECCC lists impacts of climate change consistent with global changes. Temperature-related changes include longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells, thawing permafrost, earlier river ice break-up, earlier spring runoff, and earlier budding of trees. Meteorological changes include an increase in precipitation and more snowfall in northwest Arctic. Highlighting that "Warming is not uniform ...(the) Arctic is warming even faster", ECCC notes 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Arctic is warming even faster

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Arctic is warming even faster

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells, thawing permafrost

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells, thawing permafrost, earlier river ice break-up, earlier spring runoff, and earlier budding of trees

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: thawing permafrost, earlier river ice break-up

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: earlier budding of trees

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that is causing climate change consistent with global changes?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase in precipitation and more snowfall

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: When does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the ECCC's definition of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will increase in precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene ice age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years have passed since the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, permafrost, or precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: What has been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold spells

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: fewer cold spells

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: lowest extent of Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: faster",

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: ECCC

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: heat waves

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: lowest extent of Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increase in precipitation and more snowfall in northwest Arctic.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increase in precipitation and more snowfall in northwest Arctic.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: increase in precipitation and more snowfall in northwest Arctic.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global changes.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: earlier budding of trees.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: ECCC lists impacts of climate change consistent with global changes.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 2012 had the lowest extent of Arctic sea ice on record up to 2014.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: longer growing season, more heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: heat waves and fewer cold spells,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: fewer cold spells,

text: The book includes 36 short essays predicting the consequences of global warming.  The book reviews evidence of historical climate change and attempts to compare this with the current era. The book argues that if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase at current rates, the resulting climate change will cause mass species extinctions.  The book also asserts that global temperatures have already risen enough to cause the annual monsoon rains in the Sahel region of Africa to diminish, causing droughts and desertification.  This in turn, according to Flannery, has caused the conflict in the Darfur region through competition for disappearing resources. Further consequences, argued in the book, include increasing hurricane intensity, and decline in the health of coral reefs.

text: The book includes 36 short essays predicting the

text: consequences

text: of

text: global warming

text: .  The book reviews evidence of historical

text: climate change

text: and attempts to compare this with the current era. The book argues that if atmospheric

text: carbon dioxide

text: levels continue to increase at current rates, the resulting climate change will cause mass

text: species

text: extinctions

text: .  The book also asserts that global temperatures have already risen enough to cause the annual

text: monsoon

text: rains in the

text: Sahel

text: region of Africa to diminish, causing

text: droughts

text: and

text: desertification

text: .  This in turn, according to Flannery, has caused the

text: conflict

text: in the

text: Darfur

text: region through competition for disappearing

text: resource

text: s. Further consequences, argued in the book, include increasing hurricane intensity, and decline in the health of coral reefs.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change will cause mass species extinctions

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the book arguing that if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming: droughts, hurricanes, or coral reefs?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide levels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: conflict in the Darfur region

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What has caused the conflict in the Darfur region?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts and desertification

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Sahel region of Africa

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change: global temperatures have already risen enough to cause droughts and desertification?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to hurricane intensity?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees is Earth's temperature today?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming: mass species extinctions, climate change, or glaciers?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global temperatures have already risen

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: hurricane intensity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the present era

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: monsoon

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures have already risen enough

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global temperatures have already risen enough

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: current era.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: hurricane intensity,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increasing hurricane intensity, and decline in the health of coral reefs.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: hurricane

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts and desertification.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: monsoon rains

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: risen enough to cause the annual monsoon rains

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: hurricane intensity,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 36 short essays predicting the consequences of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: historical climate change and attempts to compare this with the current era.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: historical climate change and attempts to compare this with the current era.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increasing hurricane intensity, and decline in the health of coral reefs.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: hurricane

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: mass species extinctions.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: hurricane intensity, and decline in the health of coral reefs.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: historical climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: historical climate change and attempts to compare this with the current era.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: monsoon rains

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: historical climate change and attempts to compare this with the current era.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: monsoon rains

text: Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below  relative to pre-industrial levels, with efforts made to limit warming to .

text: Possible societal responses to global warming include

text: mitigation

text: by emissions reduction,

text: adaptation

text: to its effects, building systems

text: resilient

text: to its effects, and possible future

text: climate engineering

text: . Most countries are parties to the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to

text: prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change

text: . Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below  relative to pre-industrial levels, with efforts made to limit warming to .

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: deep cuts in emissions are required

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: relative to pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a response to global warming: mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, or future climate engineering?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: deep cuts in emissions are required

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: future climate engineering

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a possible societal response to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Adaptation to its effects

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: pre-industrial levels

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: future climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: future climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming should be limited to well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming should be limited to well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: anthropogenic climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming should be limited to well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Possible societal responses to global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming should be limited to well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global warming should be limited to well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: well below relative to pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: pre-industrial levels,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: In 1957 Cesare Emiliani was working on Foraminifera (microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record) and was particularly interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age. He was sure these tiny shells deposited in the ubiquitous ooze that coats the sea bottom held important clues. For that reason he was looking at the time for a place to work where there were ships and trained personnel to help him to obtain core samples of the deep-sea sediments for his studies. An interview with Dr. Walton Smith convinced Cesare that the University of Miami’s Institute of Marine Science, later to become the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, was the right place to conduct his research and thus he moved there that same year. In 1967 he was named Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geophysics at the Institute. At that time he organized the department of Geological Sciences on the main campus of the University of Miami and remained its Chairman until his retirement in 1993.

text: In 1957 Cesare Emiliani was working on

text: Foraminifera

text: (microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record) and was particularly interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age. He was sure these tiny shells deposited in the ubiquitous ooze that coats the sea bottom held important clues. For that reason he was looking at the time for a place to work where there were ships and trained personnel to help him to obtain core samples of the deep-sea sediments for his studies. An interview with Dr.

text: Walton Smith

text: convinced Cesare that the

text: University of Miami

text: ’s Institute of Marine Science, later to become the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, was the right place to conduct his research and thus he moved there that same year. In 1967 he was named Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geophysics at the Institute. At that time he organized the department of Geological Sciences on the main campus of the

text: University of Miami

text: and remained its Chairman until his retirement in 1993.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: During the Pleistocene Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene Age

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of protist: microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of protist: microscopic protists whose remains are greatly abundant in the fossil record

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel: coal, oil, or gas?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Foraminifera

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which event happened first, Cesare Emiliani was working on Foraminifera or an El Nio event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of protist?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did Cesare Emiliani work on Foraminifera?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: What is the name of Cesare Emiliani's school?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why was Cesare Emiliani interested in great climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would increase Earths temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: what is the main cause of recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not true of Cesare Emiliani?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: what is the term used for

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: was particularly interested in great climate changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1993.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Foraminifera

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate changes known to have occurred during the Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene Age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Pleistocene Age.

text: The role of Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate was first advanced by James Croll in the late 19th century. Later, Milutin Milanković, a Serbian geophysicist, elaborated on the theory and calculated these irregularities in Earth's orbit could cause the climatic cycles known as Milankovitch cycles. They are the result of  the additive behavior of several types of cyclical changes in Earth's orbital properties.

text: The role of Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate was first advanced by

text: James Croll

text: in the late 19th century. Later,

text: Milutin Milanković

text: , a Serbian

text: geophysicist

text: , elaborated on the theory and calculated these irregularities in Earth's orbit could cause the climatic cycles known as

text: Milankovitch cycles

text: . They are the result of  the additive behavior of several types of cyclical changes in Earth's orbital properties.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the role of Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate was first advanced by James Croll

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: James Croll

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the result of the additive behavior of several types of cyclical changes

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are the result of the additive behavior of several types of cyclical changes in Earth's orbital properties?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles, and the role of Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could cause the climatic cycles known as Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the late 19th century

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the role of Earth's orbital changes in controlling climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Earth's orbital changes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's orbital changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Earth's orbital changes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: cyclical changes in Earth's orbital properties.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The role of Earth's orbital changes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: James Croll

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: late 19th century.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Milankovitch cycles.

text: On a utilitarian basis, which has traditionally been used in welfare economics, an argument can be made for richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation (Halsnæs et al., 2007). However, another result is possible with a different modeling of impacts. If an approach is taken where the interests of poorer people have lower weighting, the result is that there is a much weaker argument in favour of mitigation action in rich countries. Valuing climate change impacts in poorer countries less than domestic climate change impacts (both in terms of policy and the impacts of climate change) would be consistent with observed spending in rich countries on foreign aid (Hepburn, 2005; Helm, 2008:229).

text: On a

text: utilitarian

text: basis, which has traditionally been used in welfare economics, an argument can be made for richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation (Halsnæs et al., 2007). However, another result is possible with a different modeling of impacts. If an approach is taken where the interests of poorer people have lower weighting, the result is that there is a much weaker argument in favour of mitigation action in rich countries. Valuing climate change impacts in poorer countries less than domestic climate change impacts (both in terms of policy and the impacts of climate change) would be consistent with observed spending in rich countries on foreign aid (Hepburn, 2005; Helm, 2008:229).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (Halsn s et al., 2007)

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: mitigation action in rich countries

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: foreign aid

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would be consistent with observed spending in rich countries

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Helm, 2008:229.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Helm, 2008:229.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Helm, 2008:229.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Helm, 2008:229.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: mitigation action in rich countries

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Helm, 2008:229

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Valuing climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2007).

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2007).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: richer countries

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: foreign aid

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: On a utilitarian basis,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Valuing climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: On a utilitarian basis,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: On a utilitarian basis,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: On a utilitarian basis,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: richer countries taking on most of the burdens of mitigation

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change impacts in poorer countries

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: (Halsn<unk>s et al., 2007).

text: Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming over short periods, but does not refute long-term climate change trends. Short-term hiatus periods of global warming are compatible with long-term climate change patterns. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) leads to multidecadal variability in Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature by 15–20 years through a delayed effect on the North Atlantic Ocean, and can be a useful predictor of multidecadal periods of warming and cooling in both AMO and Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature.

text: Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming over short periods, but does not refute long-term climate change trends. Short-term hiatus periods of global warming are compatible with long-term climate change patterns. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) leads to multidecadal variability in Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature by 15–20 years through a delayed effect on the North Atlantic Ocean, and can be a useful predictor of multidecadal periods of warming and cooling in both AMO and Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming are compatible with long-term climate change patterns

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15–20 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can be a useful predictor of multidecadal periods of warming and cooling

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: NAO

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not refute long-term climate change trends

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: slow down surface warming over short periods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the North Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can natural climate variability slow down surface warming over short periods?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What does the NAO lead to?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long does it take for climate change to affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: hiatus

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: mean surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: does not refute long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 15–20 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 15–20 years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: slow down surface warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: does not refute long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Natural climate variability

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The North Atlantic Oscillation

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: does not refute long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: does not refute long-term climate change trends.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Short-term hiatus periods of global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: multidecadal periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: surface temperature by 15–20 years

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: hiatus periods of global warming

text: To study climate change and variability long instrumental climate records are essential, but are best not used directly. These datasets are essential since they are the basis for assessing century-scale trends or for studying the natural (long-term) variability of climate, amongst others. The value of these datasets, however, strongly depends on the homogeneity of the underlying time series. A homogeneous climate record is one where variations are caused only by variations in weather and climate. Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

text: To study climate change and variability long instrumental climate records are essential, but are best not used directly. These datasets are essential since they are the basis for assessing century-scale trends or for studying the natural (long-term) variability of climate, amongst others. The value of these datasets, however, strongly depends on the homogeneity of the underlying time series. A homogeneous climate record is one where variations are caused only by variations in weather and climate. Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: century-scale trends

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are the basis for assessing century-scale trends

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when the Earth's magnetic field lines up with the Sun's?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: weather and climate

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: variations in weather and climate

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to study long-term variability of climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variations in weather and climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the basis for assessing century-scale trends?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: long instrumental climate records are essential

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: long instrumental climate records are essential

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: long instrumental climate records are essential

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: decades

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Holocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: is one where variations are caused only by variations in weather and climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: century-scale trends

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: century-scale

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: To study climate change and variability long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: To study climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: variations in weather and climate.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: homogeneous climate record

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: natural (long-term) variability of climate,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variability of climate,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: To study climate change and variability long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Long instrumental records are rarely, if ever homogeneous.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change and variability long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: A homogeneous climate record

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change and variability long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: century-scale trends

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: long instrumental climate records

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variations are caused only by variations in weather and climate.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: A homogeneous climate record

text: Some large-scale changes could occur abruptly, i.e., over a short time period, and might also be irreversible. Examples of abrupt climate change are the rapid release of methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost, which would lead to amplified global warming, or the shutdown of thermohaline circulation. Scientific understanding of abrupt climate change is generally poor. The probability of abrupt change for some climate related feedbacks may be low. Factors that may increase the probability of abrupt climate change include higher magnitudes of global warming, warming that occurs more rapidly, and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

text: Some large-scale changes could occur

text: abruptly

text: , i.e., over a short time period, and might also be

text: irreversible

text: . Examples of abrupt climate change are the rapid release of methane and carbon dioxide from

text: permafrost

text: , which would lead to amplified global warming, or the

text: shutdown of thermohaline circulation

text: . Scientific understanding of abrupt climate change is generally poor. The probability of abrupt change for some climate related feedbacks may be low. Factors that may increase the probability of abrupt climate change include higher magnitudes of global warming, warming that occurs more rapidly, and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The probability of abrupt climate change for some climate related feedbacks may be low

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What would lead to amplified global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are the rapid release of methane and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and global warming that occurs more rapidly

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could lead to amplified global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: amplified global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: over a short time period

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What would lead to amplified global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of abrupt climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the probability of abrupt climate change?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the probability of abrupt climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: long time periods

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature that is sustained over longer time periods

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: abrupt climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long time periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thermohaline circulation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: over a short time period, and might also be irreversible.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: amplified global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: thermohaline circulation.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: amplified global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: amplified global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: abruptly, i.e., over a short time period,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warming that occurs more rapidly, and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Some large-scale changes could occur abruptly,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: warming that occurs more rapidly, and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warming that occurs more rapidly, and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: large-scale changes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Some large-scale changes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: higher magnitudes of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: thermohaline circulation.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: release of methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: warming that is sustained over longer time periods.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon dioxide from permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: amplified global warming, or the shutdown of thermohaline circulation.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thermohaline circulation.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: higher magnitudes of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: permafrost,

text: Research on a possible connection between individual extreme weather events and long-term anthropogenic climate change is a new topic of scientific debate. Prior to the events of January 2014, several studies on the connection between extreme weather and the polar vortex were published suggesting a link between climate change and increasingly extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes (e.g., central North America).<ref>

text: Research on a possible connection between individual extreme weather events and long-term

text: anthropogenic climate change

text: is a new topic of scientific debate. Prior to the events of January 2014, several studies on the connection between extreme weather and the

text: polar vortex

text: were published suggesting a link between

text: climate change

text: and increasingly extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes (e.g., central North America).<ref>

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the polar vortex were not involved in climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a new topic of scientific debate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is a possible connection between individual extreme weather events and long-term anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increasingly extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increasingly extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: January 2014,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increasingly extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: increasingly extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increasingly extreme temperatures experienced by mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: January 2014,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: anthropogenic climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: polar vortex

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: polar vortex

text: Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change is a 2006 non-fiction book by Elizabeth Kolbert. The book attempts to bring attention to the causes and effects of global climate change. Kolbert travels around the world where climate change is affecting the environment in significant ways. These locations include Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, and Iceland.  The environmental effects that are apparent consist of rising sea levels, thawing permafrost, diminishing ice shelves, changes in migratory patterns, and increasingly devastating forest fires due to loss of precipitation. She also speaks with many leading scientists about their individual research and findings. Kolbert brings to attention the attempts of large corporations such as Exxon Mobil and General Motors to influence politicians and discredit scientists. She also writes about America’s reluctance in the global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Leading this resistance, she explained, was the Bush administration, which was opposed to the Kyoto protocol since it was ratified in 2005. Kolbert concludes the book by examining the events surrounding the events of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and arguing that governments have the knowledge and technologies to prepare for such disasters but choose to ignore the signs until it is too late.

text: Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change is a

text: non-fiction

text: book by

text: Elizabeth Kolbert

text: . The book attempts to bring attention to the causes and effects of global

text: climate change

text: . Kolbert travels around the world where climate change is affecting the environment in significant ways. These locations include Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, and Iceland.  The environmental effects that are apparent consist of rising sea levels, thawing permafrost, diminishing ice shelves, changes in migratory patterns, and increasingly devastating forest fires due to loss of precipitation. She also speaks with many leading scientists about their individual research and findings. Kolbert brings to attention the attempts of large corporations such as

text: Exxon Mobil

text: and

text: General Motors

text: to influence politicians and discredit scientists. She also writes about America’s reluctance in the global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Leading this resistance, she explained, was the Bush administration, which was opposed to the Kyoto protocol since it was ratified in 2005. Kolbert concludes the book by examining the events surrounding the events of

text: Hurricane Katrina

text: in 2005 and arguing that governments have the knowledge and technologies to prepare for such disasters but choose to ignore the signs until it is too late.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Bush administration was opposed to the Kyoto protocol since it was ratified in 2005

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2005

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a location mentioned in the book: Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, or Iceland?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an environmental effect: rising sea levels, thawing permafrost, diminishing ice shelves, changes in migratory patterns, or increasingly devastating forest fires due to loss of precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: thawing permafrost, diminishing ice shelves, and increasingly devastating forest fires

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: thawing permafrost

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change that is causing rising sea levels?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: loss of precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a location mentioned in the book: Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, or Iceland?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a location in the book: Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, or Iceland?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: thawing permafrost

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a location mentioned in the book: Alaska, Greenland, the Netherlands, or Iceland?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Permafrost

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: permafrost

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The environmental effects that are apparent consist of rising sea levels

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Kyoto protocol

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Kyoto protocol since it was ratified in 2005.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: rising sea levels, thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increasingly devastating forest fires

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: loss of precipitation.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: rising sea levels, thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: migratory patterns,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increasingly devastating forest fires

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice shelves,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: rising sea levels, thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice shelves,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto protocol

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: rising sea levels, thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thawing permafrost,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rising sea levels,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: thawing permafrost,

text: In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term "climate change" often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming. In some cases, the term is also used with a presumption of human causation, as in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC uses "climate variability" for non-human caused variations.

text: In recent usage, especially in the context of

text: environmental policy

text: , the term "climate change" often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface

text: temperature

text: known as

text: global warming

text: . In some cases, the term is also used with a presumption of human causation, as in the

text: United Nations

text: Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC uses "climate variability" for non-human caused variations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: non-human caused variations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term used for non-human caused variations?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the UNFCCC use for non-human caused variations?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a rise in average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is climate variability?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What is the term for non-human caused variations?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate variability

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: human causation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "climate variability" for non-human caused variations.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "climate variability" for non-human

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: rise in average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rise in average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "climate variability" for non-human caused variations.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "climate variability"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "climate variability"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: rise in average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "climate variability"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human causation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: "climate variability"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "climate variability"

text: To date, a neglected aspect of the climate change debate, much less research has been conducted on the impacts of climate change on health, food supply, economic growth, migration, security, societal change, and public goods, such as drinking water, than on the geophysical changes related to global warming. Human impacts can be both negative and positive. Climatic changes in Siberia, for instance, are expected to improve food production and local economic activity, at least in the short to medium term. Numerous studies suggest, however, that the current and future impacts of climate change on human society are and will continue to be overwhelmingly negative.

text: To date, a neglected aspect of the

text: climate change debate

text: , much less research has been conducted on the impacts of climate change on health, food supply,

text: economic growth

text: migration

text: , security, societal change, and

text: public good

text: s, such as

text: drinking water

text: , than on the

text: geophysical

text: changes related to

text: global warming

text: . Human impacts can be both negative and positive. Climatic changes in

text: Siberia

text: , for instance, are expected to improve food production and local economic activity, at least in the short to medium term. Numerous studies suggest, however, that the

text: current and future impacts of climate change

text: on human society are and will continue to be overwhelmingly negative.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human impacts can be both negative and positive.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to improve food production and local economic activity

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, global warming, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: public goods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is expected to improve food production and local economic activity

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in Siberia

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be both negative and positive?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatic changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can climate change affect humans?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: improve food production and local economic activity,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: geophysical changes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: drinking water,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climatic changes in Siberia,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: improve food production and local economic activity,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Siberia,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatic changes in Siberia,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: migration,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: geophysical changes related to global warming.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: overwhelmingly negative.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Human impacts

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: impacts of climate change on health, food supply, economic growth,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: food supply, economic growth,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: geophysical changes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climatic changes in Siberia,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Siberia,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: drinking water,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climatic changes in Siberia,

text: In a September 2006 Senate speech, Inhofe argued that the threat of global warming was exaggerated by "the media, Hollywood elites and our pop culture". He said that in the 1960s the media had switched from warning of global warming to warning of global cooling and a coming ice age, then in the 1970s had returned to warming to promote "climate change fears". In February 2007 he told Fox News that mainstream science increasingly attributed climate change to natural causes, and only "those individuals on the far left, such as Hollywood liberals and the United Nations" opposed this.

text: In a September 2006 Senate speech, Inhofe argued that the threat of global warming was exaggerated by "the media,

text: Hollywood

text: elites

text: and our pop culture". He said that in the 1960s

text: the media

text: had switched from warning of global warming to warning of

text: global cooling

text: and a coming

text: ice age

text: , then in the 1970s had returned to warming to promote "climate change fears". In February 2007 he told

text: Fox News

text: that mainstream science increasingly attributed climate change to natural causes, and only "those individuals on the far left, such as Hollywood liberals and the United Nations" opposed this.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mainstream science increasingly attributed climate change to natural causes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: in the 1970s had returned to warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural causes

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not occur in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: natural causes,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Hollywood liberals and the United Nations"

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change to natural causes,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural causes,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age,

text: Cadmium poisoning- Callendar effect- Calnev Pipeline- Cancer- Cancer Alley- Car Free Days- Carbofuran- Carbon audit regime- Carbon credit- Carbon cycle- Carbon dioxide sink- Carbon emissions trading- Carbon fixation- Carbon flux- Carbon footprint- Carbon intensity- Carbon offset- Carbon sequestering- Carbon tax- Carbon tetrachloride- Carfree Cities- Car-free movement- Car-free zone- Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day- Carpool- Carrying capacity- Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety- Cause of Environmental Degradation- Catch and release- Certified wood- Cetacean bycatch- Cetacean Conservation Center- Charles Darwin Foundation- Chartered Institute of Environmental Health- Chemical oxygen demand- Chemical toilet- Chemical warfare- Chemical waste- Chemical weapon designation- Chemical weapon proliferation- Chemical Weapons Convention- Cherenkov radiation- Chernobyl accident- Chernobyl2020- Chicago Climate Exchange- Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study- China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement- Chionophile- Chipko movement- Chlorofluorocarbon- Citizen Information Project- Citizens for Alternatives to Chemical Contamination- Citizens for Global Solutions- City Beautiful movement- Clark County Wetlands Park- Clean Air Act- Clean Air Act (1970)- Clean Air Act (1990)- Clean Air Act 1956- Clean coal- Clean Development Mechanism- Clean Energy Future Group- Clean Up Australia- Clean Water Act- Clear Skies Act- Clearfelling- Climate Audit- Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536- Climate commitment studies- Climate Diagnostics Center- Climate engineering- Climate Group- Climate house- Climate model- Climate modeller- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory- Climate Outreach and Information Network- Climate sensitivity- Climate surprise- Climatic determinism- Clinton Global Initiative- Cloaca Maxima- Cloud forcing- Coastal Zone Management Act- Cogeneration- Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration- Common alcohol fuel mixtures- Community bicycle program- Community Climate System Model- Community Fisheries Control Agency- Community Forests in England- Community garden- Community gardening- Compact fluorescent lamp- Compactor- Compost- Compost windrow turner- Composting toilet- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization- Compressed air energy storage- Computer Conservation Society- Computer recycling- Concrete recycling- Conservation agriculture- Conservation and Neocolonialism- Conservation and Research Center- Conservation area- Conservation areas in Singapore- Conservation areas of Portugal- Conservation Authorities Act- Conservation authority- Conservation biology- Conservation Centre Liverpool- Conservation designation- Conservation district- Conservation easement- Conservation ethic- Conservation genetics- Conservation Halton- Conservation headland- Conservation Law Foundation- Conservation medicine- Conservation movement- Conservation park- Conservation status- Conservation status (TNC)- Conservationist- Constructed wetland- Consumerism- Container composting- Cooler Heads Coalition- Coral bleaching- COSMIC- Country park- Countryside Agency- Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000- Countryside Commission- Critical Mass (cycling)- Critical Mass Energy Project- Current Population Survey- Cycling advocacy

text: Cadmium poisoning

text: Callendar effect

text: Calnev Pipeline

text: Cancer

text: Cancer Alley

text: Car Free Days

text: Carbofuran

text: Carbon audit regime

text: Carbon credit

text: Carbon cycle

text: Carbon dioxide sink

text: Carbon emissions trading

text: Carbon fixation

text: Carbon flux

text: Carbon footprint

text: Carbon intensity

text: Carbon offset

text: Carbon sequestering

text: Carbon tax

text: Carbon tetrachloride

text: Carfree Cities

text: Car-free movement

text: Car-free zone

text: Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day

text: Carpool

text: Carrying capacity

text: Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

text: Cause of Environmental Degradation

text: Catch and release

text: Certified wood

text: Cetacean bycatch

text: Cetacean Conservation Center

text: Charles Darwin Foundation

entity_name: Chartered Institute of Environmental Health

text: Chartered Institute of Environmental Health

text: Chemical oxygen demand

text: Chemical toilet

text: Chemical warfare

text: Chemical waste

text: Chemical weapon designation

text: Chemical weapon proliferation

text: Chemical Weapons Convention

text: Cherenkov radiation

text: Chernobyl accident

text: Chicago Climate Exchange

entity_name: Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study

text: Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study

entity_name: China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

text: China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

text: Chionophile

text: Chipko movement

text: Chlorofluorocarbon

text: Citizen Information Project

entity_name: Citizens for Alternatives to Chemical Contamination

text: Citizens for Alternatives to Chemical Contamination

text: Citizens for Global Solutions

text: City Beautiful movement

text: Clark County Wetlands Park

text: Clean Air Act

text: Clean Air Act (1970)

text: Clean Air Act (1990)

text: Clean Air Act 1956

text: Clean coal

text: Clean Development Mechanism

text: Clean Energy Future Group

text: Clean Up Australia

text: Clean Water Act

text: Clear Skies Act

text: Clearfelling

text: Climate Audit

text: Climate change

text: Climate changes of 535-536

text: Climate commitment studies

text: Climate Diagnostics Center

text: Climate engineering

text: Climate Group

text: Climate house

text: Climate model

text: Climate modeller

entity_name: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

text: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

text: Climate Outreach and Information Network

text: Climate sensitivity

text: Climate surprise

text: Climatic determinism

entity_section: Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) and CGI U

text: Clinton Global Initiative

text: Cloaca Maxima

text: Cloud forcing

text: Coastal Zone Management Act

text: Cogeneration

entity_name: Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

text: Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

text: Common alcohol fuel mixtures

text: Community bicycle program

text: Community Climate System Model

text: Community Fisheries Control Agency

text: Community Forests in England

text: Community garden

text: Community gardening

text: Compact fluorescent lamp

text: Compactor

text: Compost

text: Compost windrow turner

text: Composting toilet

text: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

entity_name: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization

text: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization

text: Compressed air energy storage

text: Computer Conservation Society

text: Computer recycling

text: Concrete recycling

text: Conservation agriculture

text: Conservation and Neocolonialism

entity_name: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute

text: Conservation and Research Center

text: Conservation area

text: Conservation areas in Singapore

text: Conservation areas of Portugal

text: Conservation Authorities Act

entity_name: Conservation authority (Ontario, Canada)

text: Conservation authority

text: Conservation biology

text: Conservation Centre Liverpool

text: Conservation designation

text: Conservation district

text: Conservation easement

text: Conservation ethic

text: Conservation genetics

text: Conservation Halton

text: Conservation headland

text: Conservation Law Foundation

text: Conservation medicine

text: Conservation movement

text: Conservation park

text: Conservation status

text: Conservation status (TNC)

text: Conservationist

text: Constructed wetland

text: Consumerism

text: Container composting

text: Cooler Heads Coalition

text: Coral bleaching

entity_name: Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate

text: COSMIC

text: Country park

text: Countryside Agency

text: Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000

text: Countryside Commission

text: Critical Mass (cycling)

text: Critical Mass Energy Project

text: Current Population Survey

text: Cycling advocacy

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Car-free movement is not a cause of environmental degradation.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1970

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a measure of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon emissions trading

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Chlorofluorocarbon

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Can you name a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Cloud forcing

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: La Nia is a type of tropical depression

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatic determinism

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatic determinism

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global warming projections

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What covered North America during the last ice age?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Convergent Warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Carbon dioxide sink

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Carbon dioxide sink

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Callendar effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Callendar effect

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty-

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Carbon dioxide sink-

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Cloud forcing-

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Cause of Environmental Degradation-

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ofluorocarbon-

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty-

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Cloud forcing-

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Cloud forcing-

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Audit- Climate change-

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate Audit- Climate change-

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate Audit- Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: City Beautiful movement-

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: City Beautiful movement-

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: City Beautiful movement-

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change-

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Clean Air Act-

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change- Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Cloud forcing-

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate changes of 535-536-

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Cloud forcing-

text: An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the Holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.

text: An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of

text: Earth

text: 's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar

text: ice sheet

text: s and alpine

text: glacier

text: s. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "

text: glacial period

text: s" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "

text: interglacial

text: s".

text: Glaciologically

text: , ice age implies the presence of extensive

text: ice sheet

text: s in both northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the

text: Holocene

text: —of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch, because the

text: Greenland

text: Arctic

text: , and

text: Antarctic ice sheet

text: s still exist.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.6 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.6 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing global warming, is a form of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during a long-term ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the difference between an ice age and an interglacial?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How do glaciers affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plate tectonics: plate tectonics, ocean currents, or plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: reduction in the temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: interglacials

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2.6

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "interglacials".

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "interglacials".

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warm periods are called "interglacials".

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: An ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term reduction in the temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "interglacials".

text: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

text: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no direct link between climate change and global warming.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: less than 1 degree

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: can increase the risk of wildfires

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are a type of

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: contributes to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wildfires

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: droughts.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a blizzard.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: wildfires increase

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in a tropical ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can climate change contribute to wildfires?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature has gone straight up.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How can climate change contribute to wildfires?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to wildfires?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: (A).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene ice age was a geological time period.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period was a long time ago.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is true of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen to Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is true of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How does climate change affect wildfires?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: can be expected

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: can cause wildfires

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: can cause wildfires

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: can cause wildfires

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: can cause wildfires

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate change contributes to wildfires.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: wildfires.

text: Dating to the much more recent Mesolithic era, stone blades and tools, as well as small stone human figurines, of the Capsian culture (named after Gafsa in Tunisia) are associated with the prehistoric presence of Berbers in North Africa. The Capsian is that archaic culture native to the Maghrib region, circa twelve to eight kya. During this period the Pleistocene came to an end with the last ice age, causing changes in the Mediterranean climate. The African shore slowly became drier as the "rain belts moved north". Also related to the Berbers are some of the prehistoric monuments built using very large rocks (dolmens). Located both in Europe and Africa, these dolmens are found at locations throughout the western Mediterranean. The Capsian culture was preceded by the Ibero-Maurusian in North Africa.

text: Dating to the much more recent

text: Mesolithic

text: era, stone blades and tools, as well as small stone human figurines, of the

text: Capsian culture

text: (named after

text: Gafsa

text: in Tunisia) are associated with the prehistoric presence of Berbers in

text: North Africa

text: . The Capsian is that archaic culture native to the

text: Maghrib

text: region, circa twelve to eight

text: kya

text: . During this period the

text: Pleistocene

text: came to an end with the last

text: ice age

text: , causing changes in the Mediterranean climate. The African shore slowly became drier as the "rain belts moved north". Also related to the Berbers are some of the prehistoric monuments built using very large rocks (

text: dolmens

text: ). Located both in Europe and Africa, these dolmens are found at locations throughout the western Mediterranean. The Capsian culture was preceded by the

text: Ibero-Maurusian

text: in North Africa.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The African shore slowly became drier as the "rain belts moved north"

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of monument: dolmens, the Pleistocene or the Ibero-Maurusian?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: dolmens

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene come to an end?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in the Mediterranean climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene last?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why did the African shore slowly become drier?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would the African shore slowly become drier?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why did the African shore become drier as the "rain belts moved north"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, ice age, or dolmens?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the last ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Mediterranean climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: twelve to eight kya.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: (dolmens).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: twelve to eight kya.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: drier as the "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: twelve to eight kya.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "rain belts moved north".

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: last ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "rain belts

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The African shore slowly became drier

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: last ice age,

text: Finally, there is extensive statistical evidence from so-called "fingerprint" studies. Each factor that affects climate produces a unique pattern of climate response, much as each person has a unique fingerprint. Fingerprint studies exploit these unique signatures, and allow detailed comparisons of modelled and observed climate change patterns. Scientists rely on such studies to attribute observed changes in climate to a particular cause or set of causes. In the real world, the climate changes that have occurred since the start of the Industrial Revolution are due to a complex mixture of human and natural causes. The importance of each individual influence in this mixture changes over time. Of course, there are not multiple Earths, which would allow an experimenter to change one factor at a time on each Earth, thus helping to isolate different fingerprints. Therefore, climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate. For example, a single factor (like greenhouse gases) or a set of factors can be varied, and the response of the modelled climate system to these individual or combined changes can thus be studied.

text: Finally, there is extensive

text: statistical

text: evidence from so-called "fingerprint" studies. Each factor that affects climate produces a unique pattern of climate response, much as each person has a unique fingerprint. Fingerprint studies exploit these unique signatures, and allow detailed comparisons of modelled and observed climate change patterns. Scientists rely on such studies to attribute observed changes in climate to a particular cause or set of causes. In the real world, the climate changes that have occurred since the start of the

text: Industrial Revolution

text: are due to a complex mixture of human and natural causes. The importance of each individual influence in this mixture changes over time. Of course, there are not multiple Earths, which would allow an experimenter to change one factor at a time on each Earth, thus helping to isolate different fingerprints. Therefore, climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate. For example, a single factor (like greenhouse gases) or a set of factors can be varied, and the response of the modelled climate system to these individual or combined changes can thus be studied.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Humans are the only cause of climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are used to study how individual factors affect climate

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that affects climate?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to study how individual factors affect climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a unique pattern of climate response

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that affects climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: natural causes

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate models

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: since the start of the Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "fingerprint" studies

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a complex mixture of human and natural causes

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change patterns

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "fingerprint" studies

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: a single factor (like greenhouse gases)

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases)

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human and natural causes.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Each factor that affects climate produces a unique pattern of climate response,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate response,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse gases)

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: multiple Earths,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: each person

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: multiple Earths,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: multiple Earths,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human and natural causes.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: a single factor (like greenhouse gases)

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Industrial Revolution

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Each factor that affects climate produces a unique pattern of climate response,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: "fingerprint" studies.

text: The story was first broken by climate change critics on their blogs, with columnist James Delingpole popularising the term "Climategate" to describe the controversy. Climate change critics and others denying the significance of human caused climate change argued that the emails showed that global warming was a scientific conspiracy, in which they alleged that scientists manipulated climate data and attempted to suppress critics. The accusations were rejected by the CRU, who said that the emails had been taken out of context and merely reflected an honest exchange of ideas.

text: The story was first broken by climate change critics on their blogs, with columnist James Delingpole popularising the term "Climategate" to describe the controversy. Climate change critics and others denying the significance of human caused climate change argued that the emails showed that global warming was a scientific conspiracy, in which they alleged that scientists manipulated climate data and attempted to suppress critics. The accusations were rejected by the CRU, who said that the emails had been taken out of context and merely reflected an honest exchange of ideas.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the emails showed that global warming was a scientific conspiracy

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a scientific conspiracy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most recent El Nio event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many emails were taken out of context?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a scientific conspiracy,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: scientists manipulated climate data and attempted to suppress critics.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming was a scientific conspiracy,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "Climategate"

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming was a scientific conspiracy,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human caused climate change argued that the emails showed that global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a worldwide scale. Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off. These conditions determine the carrying capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for the human population and domesticated animals. Rising carbon dioxide levels would also have effects, both detrimental and beneficial, on crop yields.  Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural production. Although the net impact of climate change on agricultural production is uncertain it is likely that it will shift the suitable growing zones for individual crops. Adjustment to this geographical shift will involve considerable economic costs and social impacts.

text: Climate change

text: and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a worldwide scale.

text: Global warming

text: is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including

text: temperature

text: precipitation

text: and glacial run-off. These conditions determine the

text: carrying capacity

text: of the

text: biosphere

text: to produce enough

text: food

text: for the

text: human population

text: and domesticated animals. Rising

text: carbon dioxide

text: levels would also have effects, both detrimental and beneficial, on crop yields.  Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt farming to maximize

text: agricultural production

text: . Although the net impact of climate change on agricultural production is uncertain it is likely that it will shift the suitable growing zones for individual crops. Adjustment to this geographical shift will involve considerable economic costs and social impacts.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: rising carbon dioxide levels would also have effects, both detrimental and beneficial, on crop yields

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: uncertain

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: global warming, glacial run-off or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an interrelated process: climate change, agriculture, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide levels

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change and agriculture

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is an example of a climate change?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: on a worldwide scale

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the net impact of climate change on agricultural production uncertain?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will the net impact of climate change on agricultural production be?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming is projected to have significant impacts

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change on agriculture?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial run-off

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: enough food

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Rising carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: suitable growing zones for individual crops.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: the carrying capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for the human population

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Rising carbon dioxide levels

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial run-off.

text: Indirectly, human-induced changes in the global climate cause widespread modifications to the terrestrial ecosystem's function in the carbon cycle. As local climates transition, locations that have long been conducive to one type of ecosystem can become more favorable for other ecosystem types. For example, warming in the Arctic has caused stress in North American boreal forests, thus decreasing primary production and carbon uptake, while the same warmer temperatures have led to increased shrub growth in the same areas, producing an opposite effect. Changes in weather patterns can also affect animals. For example, changed weather patterns may create favorable conditions for pine beetles, leading to large beetle outbreaks and forest destruction. Modified precipitation patterns can also lead to droughts or extreme precipitation events, causing additional stress for ecosystems and more erosion. Not only do such influences on the terrestrial ecosystem modify its carbon exchange with the atmosphere - they also can lead to increased outwashing of carbon into the oceans through the transport of organic material in rivers. These widespread changes in land cover also causes changes to the planetary albedo, inducing complex feedbacks in the Earth's planetary radiation budget.

text: Indirectly, human-induced changes in the global climate cause widespread modifications to the terrestrial ecosystem's function in the carbon cycle. As local climates transition, locations that have long been conducive to one type of ecosystem can become more favorable for other ecosystem types. For example, warming in the Arctic has caused stress in North American

text: boreal forest

text: s, thus decreasing primary production and carbon uptake, while the same warmer temperatures have led to increased shrub growth in the same areas, producing an opposite effect. Changes in weather patterns can also affect animals. For example, changed weather patterns may create favorable conditions for pine beetles, leading to large beetle outbreaks and forest destruction. Modified precipitation patterns can also lead to droughts or extreme precipitation events, causing additional stress for ecosystems and more erosion. Not only do such influences on the terrestrial ecosystem modify its carbon exchange with the atmosphere - they also can lead to increased outwashing of carbon into the oceans through the transport of organic material in rivers. These widespread changes in land cover also causes changes to the

text: planetary albedo

text: , inducing complex feedbacks in the Earth's planetary

text: radiation budget

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increased shrub growth in the same areas, producing an opposite effect

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of human-induced changes in the global climate: increased shrub growth in the same areas, or decreased primary production and carbon uptake?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by changes in weather patterns: droughts or extreme precipitation events?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not an example of human-induced changes in the global climate?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased shrub growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can lead to droughts or extreme precipitation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts or extreme precipitation events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of local climates transition?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: widespread changes in land cover

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: planetary radiation budget

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Droughts

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increased shrub growth

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: planetary radiation budget.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: changed weather patterns may create favorable conditions for pine beetles,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon uptake,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased shrub growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts or extreme precipitation events,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: droughts or extreme precipitation events,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: decreasing primary production and carbon uptake,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: local climates

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Modified precipitation patterns

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Changes in weather patterns can also affect animals.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: warming in the Arctic has caused stress in North American boreal forests,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: warming in the Arctic has caused stress in North American boreal forests,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increased outwashing of carbon into the oceans

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: planetary radiation budget.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: planetary albedo,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human-induced changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: warming in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: outwashing of carbon

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: decreasing primary production and carbon uptake,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: droughts

text: Another goal of the MEP is to characterize both the current and past climate of Mars, as well as factors that influence climate change on Mars. Currently what is known is that the climate is regulated by seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps, movement of dust by the atmosphere, and the exchange of water vapor between the surface and the atmosphere. To understand these climatic phenomena means helping scientists more effectively model Mars' past climate, which brings a higher degree of understanding of the dynamics of Mars.

text: Another goal of the MEP is to characterize both the current and past

text: climate of Mars

text: , as well as factors that influence climate change on Mars. Currently what is known is that the climate is regulated by seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps, movement of dust by the atmosphere, and the exchange of water vapor between the surface and the atmosphere. To understand these climatic phenomena means helping scientists more effectively model Mars' past climate, which brings a higher degree of understanding of the dynamics of Mars.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Mars' past climate

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Mars' ice caps

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is regulated by seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a climatic phenomenon: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps, movement of dust by the atmosphere, or the exchange of water vapor between the surface and the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Mars' ice caps, movement of dust

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change on Mars

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: seasonal changes

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Mars' ice caps

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is regulated by seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up between O C.E. and 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate of Mars?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change on Mars?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: the past decade

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change on Mars

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: past climate

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seasonal changes

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: seasonal changes

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Mars, as well as factors that influence climate change on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change on Mars.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps, movement of dust by the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: seasonal changes of Mars' ice caps,

text: SEPA's position on climate change recognises that it is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future. The organisation has produced a climate change plan which contains details about how SEPA will reduce its own carbon emissions. This five year climate change plan introduces SEPA's specific role in climate change mitigation and what they will do over the next five years to further integrate climate change across the organisation.

text: SEPA's position on climate change recognises that it is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future. The organisation has produced a climate change plan which contains details about how SEPA will reduce its own carbon emissions. This five year climate change plan introduces SEPA's specific role in climate change mitigation and what they will do over the next five years to further integrate climate change across the organisation.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: SEPA will reduce its own carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1840

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a threat to our physical and socioeconomic future: climate change, carbon emissions, or sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: SEPA's position on climate change recognises that it is the greatest threat to our

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socioeconomic future?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socioeconomic future?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: SEPA will reduce its own carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: five year climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: carbon emissions.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: SEPA's position on climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: SEPA's position on climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: SEPA's

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: SEPA's position on climate change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change plan

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: it is the greatest threat to our physical and socio-economic future.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

text: Climate change is producing drastic changes to Earth processes and changing Earth's environmental status quo. Especially pertinent to human development is the threat of climate change on island nations. As sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened. As the former President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Christopher Loeak, noted "In the last year alone, my country has suffered through unprecedented droughts in the north, and the biggest ever king tides in the south; and we have watched the most devastating typhoons in history leave a trail of death and destruction across the region."  Efforts to combat theses environmental changes are ongoing and multinational. Particularly notable is the adoption of the Paris agreement at the UN Climate Summit in Paris in 2015, which by no means an unqualified success, is certainly a step in the right direction in regards to fighting the effects of climate by aiming to slow the pace of global warming.

text: Climate change

text: is producing drastic changes to Earth processes and changing Earth's environmental status quo. Especially pertinent to human development is the threat of climate change on

text: island nations

text: . As sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened. As the former President of the

text: Republic of the Marshall Islands

text: Christopher Loeak

text: , noted "In the last year alone, my country has suffered through unprecedented droughts in the north, and the biggest ever

text: king tide

text: s in the south; and we have watched the most devastating typhoons in history leave a trail of death and destruction across the region."  Efforts to combat theses environmental changes are ongoing and multinational. Particularly notable is the adoption of the Paris agreement at the

entity_name: Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions

text: UN Climate Summit

text: in Paris in 2015, which by no means an unqualified success, is certainly a step in the right direction in regards to fighting the effects of climate by aiming to slow the pace of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Efforts to combat theses environmental changes are ongoing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2015

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by climate change: droughts, typhoons, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: droughts, typhoons, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the most devastating typhoon in history?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why is climate change causing more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is climate change important to human development?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a result of climate change: sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Typhoons

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: king tides

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Earth's environmental status quo.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: island nations.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: king tides

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: island nations.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: unprecedented droughts

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human development

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: king tides

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Paris agreement

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: typhoons

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: king tides

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: typhoons

text: Throughout the history of the Earth, the planet's climate has been fluctuating between two dominant climate states: the greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.  These two climate states last for  millions of years and should not be confused with glacial and interglacial periods, which occur only during an icehouse period and tend to last less than 1 million years. There are five known glaciations in Earth's climate history; the main factors involved in changes of the paleoclimate are believed to be the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, changes in the Earth's orbit, and oceanic and orogenic changes due to tectonic plate dynamics. Greenhouse and icehouse periods have profoundly shaped the evolution of life on Earth.

text: Throughout the

text: history of the Earth

text: , the planet's climate has been fluctuating between two dominant

text: climate state

text: s: the greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.  These two climate states last for  millions of years and should not be confused with

text: glacial

text: and

text: interglacial

text: periods, which occur only during an icehouse period and tend to last less than 1 million years. There are

text: five known glaciation

text: s in Earth's climate history; the main factors involved in changes of the

text: paleoclimate

text: are believed to be the concentration of atmospheric

text: carbon dioxide

text: , changes in the

text: Earth's orbit

text: , and oceanic and

text: orogenic

text: changes due to

text: tectonic plate dynamics

text: . Greenhouse and icehouse periods have profoundly shaped the

text: evolution

text: of life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacial and interglacial periods occur only during an icehouse period

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 1 million years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the main factors involved in changes of the paleoclimate?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a dominant climate state: the greenhouse earth or the icehouse earth?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse and icehouse periods have profoundly shaped the evolution of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: icehouse periods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: does not occur during an icehouse period

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during an icehouse period

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long can glacial and interglacial periods last?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate changes: glacial and interglacial periods, glacial and interglacial periods, orogenic changes due to tectonic plate dynamics?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the planet's climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: oceanic and orogenic changes due to tectonic plate dynamics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse earth

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: icehouse

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse earth

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: icehouse

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: icehouse

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: icehouse earth

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: atmospheric carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: icehouse period

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tectonic plate dynamics.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Greenhouse and icehouse periods

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: five

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: oceanic and orogenic changes

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: atmospheric carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: greenhouse earth and the icehouse earth.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: icehouse

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial and interglacial periods,

text: As the issues of global warming and climate change have gained traction and become more prominent since the early 1990s, the question of climate resilience has also emerged. Considering the global implications of the impacts induced by climate change, climate resilience has become a critical concept that scientific institutions, policymakers, governments, and international organizations have begun to rally around as a framework for designing the solutions that will be needed to address the effects of global warming.

text: As the issues of

text: global warming

text: and climate change have gained traction and become more prominent since the early 1990s, the question of climate resilience has also emerged. Considering the global implications of the impacts induced by climate change, climate resilience has become a critical concept that scientific institutions, policymakers, governments, and international organizations have begun to rally around as a framework for designing the solutions that will be needed to address the

text: effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming has become more prominent since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming and climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the effects of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming and climate change have gained traction and become more prominent

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What has emerged as a critical concept?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change have gained traction and become more prominent since the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change have gained traction and become more prominent since the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: As the issues of global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate resilience

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change have gained traction and become more prominent since the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere searching for clues about long-term changes in the global climate. The data collected worldwide by NOAA researchers contributes to the understanding of complex climatic systems and the ability to forecast changes.

text: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere searching for clues about long-term changes in the global climate. The data collected worldwide by NOAA researchers contributes to the understanding of complex climatic systems and the ability to forecast changes.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: NOAA researchers do not monitor the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the NOAA study?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term changes in the global climate, is an example of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: NOAA researchers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to predict changes in the global climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a long-term change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How long has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for NOAA to closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: NOAA

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: clues about long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: complex climatic systems

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: long-term changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere searching for clues

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere searching for clues

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere searching for clues

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: NOAA researchers contributes to the understanding of complex climatic systems

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: NOAA researchers

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: NOAA researchers closely monitor the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: long-term changes in the global climate.

text: Stemming from membership, CCP cities publicly demonstrate their recognition of global climate change as a ‘legitimate local concern,’ committed to controlling the threats of local greenhouse gas emissions, immediately focusing the CCP program upon city local climate policy agendas. Problematically, many city governments do not take action upon climate change as they see it as a ‘global issue,’ whereby local decision makers should not be concerned. However, member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns, governing a global issue at a local policy scale. CCP cities adhere to linking the controlling of GHG emission policies with issues already implemented upon their agendas. Climate concerns can be integrated into local policy sectors representing economic development, urban and land-use planning, traffic, housing and tax. In getting global climate change issues within local policy, many CCP cities localise the policies that govern the controlling of GHG emissions, as opposed to the intricate problems of climate change. This way, more issues enter government local policy agendas through the delivery of preferred policy options as a means of solution to climate change problems already being addressed by the government. Local ‘hooks’ is a term often used in US cities to relate the concern of GHG emissions with local issues such as air quality. Such local issues provide the ‘hooks’ by which climate change issues are hung, prompting local governments to retain and address climate change as a localised issue. If climate concerns at the local level are to matter, and to become a success, more municipal governments must become members of the CCP program, allowing their actions to positively contribute to GHG emissions.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: local decision makers should not be concerned

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the term used in US cities to relate the concern of GHG emissions with local issues such as air quality?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term often used in US cities to relate the concern of GHG emissions with local issues such as air quality?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tax

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the term often used in US cities to relate the concern of GHG emissions with local issues such as air quality?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be integrated into local policy sectors representing economic development

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a local issue?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate change as a ‘legitimate local concern

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: local decision makers should not be concerned.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: air quality.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ‘global issue,’

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: CCP cities publicly demonstrate their recognition of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: local greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: CCP cities publicly demonstrate their recognition of global climate change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global issue at a local policy scale.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: member CCP program municipal governments succeed in ‘localising’ global climate concerns,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas emissions,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global climate change

text: The major changes during the Pleistocene were brought about by several recent ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation, with ice up to 1,000 m (3300 ft) thick that reached as far south as London and Bristol. This took place between about 478,000 to 424,000 years ago, and was responsible for the diversion of the River Thames onto its present course.

text: The major changes during the

text: Pleistocene

text: were brought about by several recent

text: ice age

text: s. The most severe was the

text: Anglian Glaciation

text: , with ice up to 1,000 m (3300 ft) thick that reached as far south as

text: London

text: and

text: Bristol

text: . This took place between about 478,000 to 424,000 years ago, and was responsible for the diversion of the

text: River Thames

text: onto its present course.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages do not cause climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 424,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How long ago was the Anglian Glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the most severe ice ages?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the most common cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Anglian Glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the Anglian Glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: diversion of the River Thames onto its present course

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: between about 478,000 to 424,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the Anglian Glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How long ago was the Anglian Glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: what is the second to last event mentioned?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 478,000 to 424,000

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The major changes during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 478,000 to 424,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice ages. The most severe was the Anglian Glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Anglian Glaciation,

text: The poles of the Earth are more sensitive to any change in the planet's climate than the rest of the planet.  In the face of ongoing global warming, the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.  The primary cause of this phenomenon is ice-albedo feedback, whereby melting ice uncovers darker land or ocean beneath, which then absorbs more sunlight, causing more heating. The loss of the Arctic sea ice may represent a tipping point in global warming, when 'runaway' climate change starts, but on this point the science is not yet settled.

text: The poles of the Earth are more sensitive to any change in the planet's climate than the rest of the

text: planet

text: .  In the face of ongoing global warming, the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.  The primary cause of this phenomenon is

text: ice-albedo feedback

text: , whereby melting ice uncovers darker land or ocean beneath, which then absorbs more sunlight, causing more heating. The loss of the Arctic sea ice may represent a

text: tipping point

text: in global warming, when

text: 'runaway' climate change

text: starts, but on this point the science is not yet settled.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: lower latitudes are warming faster than lower latitudes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of this phenomenon?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the primary cause of this phenomenon?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause the loss of the Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: global warming, the loss of the Arctic sea ice or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the primary cause of this phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why are the poles more sensitive to any change in the planet's climate?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: albedo feedback

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the poles are warming faster

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'runaway'

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: poles

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting ice uncovers darker land or ocean beneath,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming, the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The poles

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: on this point the science is not yet settled.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: The poles

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Arctic sea ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming, the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice-albedo

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the poles are warming faster than lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

text: Antofalla is located in an area of arid climate. Minimal precipitation primarily in the summit areas allows for some minimal glaciation on the main Antofalla summit since the Pliocene-Pleistocene. The rest of the complex is well preserved with little erosion other than gullying from spring thaw waters. Some ravines bear evidence of flash flood activity, possibly related to the melting of glacier caps at the end of ice ages. Today the snowline lies at about  altitude.

text: Antofalla is located in an area of

text: arid

text: climate. Minimal precipitation primarily in the summit areas allows for some minimal glaciation on the main Antofalla summit since the

text: Pliocene

text: Pleistocene

text: . The rest of the complex is well preserved with little erosion other than gullying from spring thaw waters. Some ravines bear evidence of

text: flash flood

text: activity, possibly related to the melting of glacier caps at the end of ice ages. Today the snowline lies at about  altitude.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacier caps at the end of ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How would you describe the climate of Antofalla?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could have contributed to the melting of glacier caps

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: minimal glaciation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How would you describe the climate of Antofalla?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years ago was the Medieval warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may be the reason for plate tectonics to cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: flash flood activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: about altitude

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of glacier caps at the end of ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Antofalla

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Antofalla is located in an area of arid climate.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Antofalla is located in an area of arid climate.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting of glacier caps

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: arid climate. Minimal precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: flash flood activity,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of glacier caps

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Minimal precipitation

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: flash flood activity,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: minimal glaciation

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melting of glacier caps

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: flash flood activity,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Antofalla is located in an area of arid climate.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: arid climate.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: flash flood activity,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pliocene-Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: flash flood activity,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: arid

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages.

text: Long-term climate simulations, based on CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover. However, melting of Antarctic ice sheets could change vertical ocean temperature stratification and encourage sea ice growth.

text: Long-term climate simulations, based on

text: climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover. However, melting of Antarctic ice sheets could change vertical ocean temperature

text: stratification

text: and encourage sea ice growth.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets could change vertical ocean temperature stratification

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are expected to increase in the future.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and sea ice

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea ice growth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could change vertical ocean temperature stratification

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea ice growth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Why might melting of Antarctic ice sheets encourage sea ice growth?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: stratification

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: sea ice growth.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: CMIP5

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets could change vertical ocean temperature stratification

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: CMIP5 climate modeling, project reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: reduced sea ice cover.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Long-term climate simulations,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Long-term climate simulations,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Long-term climate simulations, based on CMIP5

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Long-term climate simulations,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: stratification

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of Antarctic ice sheets

text: Climate models have been used to examine the role of the sun in recent climate change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when they only take into account variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity. Models are, however, able to simulate the observed 20th century changes in temperature when they include all of the most important external forcings, including human influences and natural forcings. As has already been stated, Hegerl et al. (2007) concluded that greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century. In making this conclusion, Hegerl et al. (2007) allowed for the possibility that climate models had been underestimated the effect of solar forcing.

text: Climate models have been used to examine the role of the sun in recent climate change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when they only take into account variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity. Models are, however, able to simulate the observed 20th century changes in temperature when they include all of the most important external forcings, including human influences and natural forcings. As has already been stated, Hegerl et al. (2007) concluded that greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century. In making this conclusion, Hegerl et al. (2007) allowed for the possibility that climate models had been underestimated the effect of solar forcing.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: the mid-20th century

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What caused most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of solar activity: solar irradiance, volcanic activity, or global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas forcing

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of external forcing?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the most important external forcings?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: mid-20th century.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: variations in total solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gas forcing

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar forcing.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human influences and natural forcings.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climate models

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: variations in total solar irradiance and volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gas forcing had "very likely" caused most of the observed global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: change.Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: rapid warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: volcanic activity.

text: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects. This is important for the problem of climate change.

text: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects. This is important for the problem of

text: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of human activities

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: can cause climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: leakage effects

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: leakage effects

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a lot of damage to the oceans

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: leakage effects

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does this mean for climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What is the most likely cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no one can agree

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: leakage effects

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no consensus

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: no consensus over the magnitude

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: leakage effects.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: leakage effects.

text: The Pleistocene is a geological epoch that began about 2.6 million years ago.  The Holocene, the current geological epoch, begins about 11,700 years ago, when the Pleistocene ends.  Establishing the date of this boundary − which is defined by sharp climatic warming − as accurately as possible has been a goal of geologists for much of the 20th century.  At Two Creeks, in Wisconsin, a fossil forest was discovered (Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area), and subsequent research determined that the destruction of the forest was caused by the Valders ice readvance, the last southward movement of ice before the end of the Pleistocene in that area.  Before the advent of radiocarbon dating, the fossilized trees had been dated by correlating sequences of annually deposited layers of sediment at Two Creeks with sequences in Scandinavia. This led to estimates that the trees were between 24,000 and 19,000 years old, and hence this was taken to be the date of the last advance of the Wisconsin glaciation before its final retreat marked the end of the Pleistocene in North America.  In 1952 Libby published radiocarbon dates for several samples from the Two Creeks site and two similar sites nearby; the dates were averaged to 11,404 BP with a standard error of 350 years.  This result was uncalibrated, as the need for calibration of radiocarbon ages was not yet understood.  Further results over the next decade supported an average date of 11,350 BP, with the results thought to be most accurate averaging 11,600 BP.  There was initial resistance to these results on the part of Ernst Antevs, the palaeobotanist who had worked on the Scandinavian varve series, but his objections were eventually discounted by other geologists.  In the 1990s samples were tested with AMS, yielding (uncalibrated) dates ranging from 11,640 BP to 11,800 BP, both with a standard error of 160 years.  Subsequently, a sample from the fossil forest was used in an interlaboratory test, with results provided by over 70 laboratories.  These tests produced a median age of 11,788 ± 8 BP (2σ confidence) which when calibrated gives a date range of 13,730 to 13,550 cal BP.  The Two Creeks radiocarbon dates are now regarded as a key result in developing the modern understanding of North American glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene.

text: The

text: Pleistocene

text: is a geological epoch that began about 2.6 million years ago.  The

text: Holocene

text: , the current geological epoch, begins about 11,700 years ago, when the Pleistocene ends.  Establishing the date of this boundary − which is defined by sharp climatic warming − as accurately as possible has been a goal of geologists for much of the 20th century.  At

text: Two Creeks

text: , in Wisconsin, a fossil forest was discovered (

entity_name: Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area

text: Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area

text: ), and subsequent research determined that the destruction of the forest was caused by the Valders ice readvance, the last southward movement of ice before the end of the Pleistocene in that area.  Before the advent of radiocarbon dating, the fossilized trees had been dated by correlating sequences of annually deposited layers of sediment at Two Creeks with sequences in Scandinavia. This led to estimates that the trees were between 24,000 and 19,000 years old, and hence this was taken to be the date of the last advance of the

text: Wisconsin glaciation

text: before its final retreat marked the end of the Pleistocene in North America.  In 1952 Libby published radiocarbon dates for several samples from the Two Creeks site and two similar sites nearby; the dates were averaged to 11,404 BP with a standard error of 350 years.  This result was uncalibrated, as the need for calibration of radiocarbon ages was not yet understood.  Further results over the next decade supported an average date of 11,350 BP, with the results thought to be most accurate averaging 11,600 BP.  There was initial resistance to these results on the part of

text: Ernst Antevs

text: , the

text: palaeobotanist

text: who had worked on the Scandinavian varve series, but his objections were eventually discounted by other geologists.  In the 1990s samples were tested with AMS, yielding (uncalibrated) dates ranging from 11,640 BP to 11,800 BP, both with a standard error of 160 years.  Subsequently, a sample from the fossil forest was used in an interlaboratory test, with results provided by over 70 laboratories.  These tests produced a median age of 11,788 ± 8 BP (2σ confidence) which when calibrated gives a date range of 13,730 to 13,550 cal BP.  The Two Creeks radiocarbon dates are now regarded as a key result in developing the modern understanding of North American glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Pleistocene is a geological epoch that began about 2.6 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Holocene boundary is defined by sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What was the last advance of the Wisconsin glaciation before its final retreat

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Fossilized trees had been dated by correlating sequences

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a fossil forest

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in North America

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Establishing the date of this boundary

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years ago was the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: What was the last advance of the Wisconsin glaciation before its final retreat

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Holocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice readvance

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 8 BP

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Holocene

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 11,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 11,404 BP

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 11,788 <unk> 8 BP

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene in North America.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Wisconsin glaciation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: its final retreat marked the end of the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 11,404 BP

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene in North America.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 11,350 BP,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 11,404 BP

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 11,350 BP,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 11,600 BP.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 11,350 BP,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 11,78

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: average date of 11,350 BP,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: sharp climatic warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 11,600 BP.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 11,404 BP

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice readvance,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 350 years.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 11,600 BP.

text: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations. They produce 42% of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions. The IPCC has recommended that developed nations such as Australia cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25 to 40% by 2020 and 80 to 95% by 2050. The Garnaut Climate Change Review found that Australia is highly vulnerable to global warming caused by climate change because of the effects of global warming on Australia. The Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu and Murray Darling Basin are all threatened by climate change. Sea level rise threatens much of the highly populated Australian coast line, including the Gold Coast. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and Mandatory Renewable Energy Target are intended to reduce Australia's emissions and the further development of techniques to harness solar thermal energy are critical to that effort.

text: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations. They produce 42% of Australia's

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions. The

text: IPCC

text: has recommended that developed nations such as Australia cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25 to 40% by 2020 and 80 to 95% by 2050. The

text: Garnaut Climate Change Review

text: found that Australia is highly vulnerable to

text: global warming

text: caused by

text: climate change

text: because of the

text: effects of global warming on Australia

text: . The

text: Great Barrier Reef

text: Kakadu

text: and

text: Murray Darling Basin

text: are all threatened by climate change.

text: Sea level rise

text: threatens much of the highly populated Australian coast line, including the

text: Gold Coast

text: . The

text: Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme

text: and

text: Mandatory Renewable Energy Target

text: are intended to reduce Australia's emissions and the further development of techniques to harness solar thermal energy are critical to that effort.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Sea level rise threatens much of the highly populated Australian coast line, including the Gold Coast

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many percent of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions does coal-fired power stations produce?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gas emissions: coal-fired power stations or solar thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Gold Coast

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the Garnaut Climate Change Review found that Australia is highly vulnerable to global warming caused by climate change because of the effects of global warming on Australia?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after the Garnaut Climate Change Review was conducted?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many percent of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: coal-fired power stations or renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plate tectonics: plate tectonics, ocean currents, or sea level rise?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: They produce 42% of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Gold Coast.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Australia is highly vulnerable to global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Australia is highly vulnerable to global warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2020 and 80 to 95% by 2050.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea level rise

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: Extreme phases of short-term climate oscillations such as ENSO can result in characteristic patterns of floods and droughts (including megadroughts), monsoonal disruption and extreme temperatures in the form of heat waves and cold waves. Shorter-term climate oscillations typically do not directly result in longer-term climate change in temperatures. However, the effects of underlying climate trends such as recent global warming and oscillations can be cumulative to global temperature, producing shorter-term fluctuations in the instrumental and satellite temperature records.

text: Extreme phases of short-term climate oscillations such as ENSO can result in characteristic patterns of

text: flood

text: s and

text: drought

text: s (including

text: megadrought

text: s),

text: monsoon

text: al disruption and extreme temperatures in the form of

text: heat wave

text: s and

text: cold wave

text: s. Shorter-term climate oscillations typically do not directly result in longer-term

text: climate change

text: in temperatures. However, the effects of underlying climate trends such as recent

text: global warming

text: and oscillations can be cumulative to

text: global temperature

text: , producing shorter-term fluctuations in the

text: instrumental

text: and

text: satellite

text: temperature record

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: longer-term climate change in temperatures

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are the effects of underlying climate trends such as recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What can result in characteristic patterns of floods and droughts (including megadroughts)?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming and oscillations can be cumulative

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: monsoonal disruption

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can result in characteristic patterns of floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: extreme temperatures in the form of heat waves and cold waves

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the form of heat waves

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How can short-term climate oscillations affect climate?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a short-term climate oscillation?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How can short-term climate oscillations affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cold waves

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: longer-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: short-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: megadroughts),

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: ENSO can result in characteristic patterns of floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods and droughts

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: short-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Extreme phases of short-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: recent global warming and oscillations can be cumulative to global temperature,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Shorter-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cold waves.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Extreme phases of short-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Extreme phases of short-term climate oscillations

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: monsoonal disruption

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cold waves.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ENSO

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: recent global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: cold waves.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cold waves.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ENSO

text: The Earth has experienced a constantly changing climate in the time since plants first evolved. In comparison to the present day, this history has seen Earth as cooler, warmer, drier and wetter, and  (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been both higher and lower. These changes have been reflected by constantly shifting vegetation, for example forest communities dominating most areas in interglacial periods, and herbaceous communities dominating during glacial periods. It has been shown that past climatic change has been a major driver of the processes of speciation and extinction. The best known example of this is the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse which occurred 350 million years ago. This event decimated amphibian populations and spurred on the evolution of reptiles.

text: The

text: Earth

text: has experienced a constantly changing

text: climate

text: in the time since plants first evolved. In comparison to the present day, this history has seen Earth as cooler, warmer, drier and wetter, and  (

text: carbon dioxide

text: ) concentrations have been both higher and lower. These changes have been reflected by constantly shifting

text: vegetation

text: , for example

text: forest

text: communities dominating most areas in

text: interglacial

text: periods, and

text: herbaceous

text: communities dominating during

text: glacial periods

text: . It has been shown that past climatic change has been a major driver of the processes of

text: speciation

text: and

text: extinction

text: . The best known example of this is the

text: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse

text: which occurred 350 million years ago. This event decimated amphibian populations and spurred on the evolution of reptiles.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Earth has experienced a constantly changing climate in the time since plants first evolved

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 350 million years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: have been both higher and lower

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vegetation: forest communities, herbaceous communities, or glacial periods?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: would be a major driver of the processes of speciation and extinction

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: drier and wetter

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of past climatic change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many million years ago was the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vegetation: forest communities dominating most areas in interglacial periods, or herbaceous communities dominating during glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: drier and wetter

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the best known example of this?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What has been a major driver of the processes of speciation and extinction?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warmer

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: What has been a major driver of the processes of speciation and extinction?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooler

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cooler, warmer, drier and wetter,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: plants first evolved.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been both higher and lower.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: cooler, warmer, drier and wetter,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: extinction.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: (carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: amphibian populations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cooler, warmer,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: drier and wetter,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: cooler,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: extinction.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: shifting vegetation,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: drier and wetter,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: speciation and extinction.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: cooler,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: herbaceous communities

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: cooler, warmer, drier and wetter,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: vegetation,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: (carbon

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: cooler,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been both higher and lower.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: warmer,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: cooler, warmer,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: interglacial periods,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods.

text: A study conducted in 2009 showed that increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change will lead to a decreased productivity of agriculture, revenue losses, and the potential for lay offs. Changing weather and precipitation patterns could require expensive adaptation measures, such as relocating crop cultivation, changing the composition or type of crops, and increasing inputs such as pesticides to adapt to changes in ecological composition, that lead to economic denigration and job loss. Climate change has adverse effects on agricultural productivity in California that cause laborers to be increasingly affected by job loss. For example, the two highest-value agricultural products in California’s $30 billion agriculture sector are dairy products (milk and cream, valued at $3.8 billion annually) and grapes ($3.2 billion annually). Climate change is expected to decrease dairy production by between 7–22 percent by the end of the century. It is also expected to adversely affect the ripening of wine grapes, substantially reducing their market value.

text: A study conducted in 2009 showed that increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change will lead to a decreased productivity of agriculture, revenue losses, and the potential for lay offs. Changing weather and precipitation patterns could require expensive adaptation measures, such as relocating crop cultivation, changing the composition or type of crops, and increasing inputs such as pesticides to adapt to changes in ecological composition, that lead to economic denigration and job loss. Climate change has adverse effects on agricultural productivity in California that cause laborers to be increasingly affected by job loss. For example, the two highest-value agricultural products in California’s $30 billion agriculture sector are dairy products (milk and cream, valued at $3.8 billion annually) and grapes ($3.2 billion annually). Climate change is expected to decrease dairy production by between 7–22 percent by the end of the century. It is also expected to adversely affect the ripening of wine grapes, substantially reducing their market value.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Changing weather and precipitation patterns could require expensive adaptation measures

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: between 7–22 percent

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crop: milk and cream, grapes, or pesticides?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the two highest-value agricultural products in California's $30 billion agriculture sector?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can lead to a decreased productivity of agriculture

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: decreased productivity of agriculture

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not expected to adversely affect ripening of wine grapes, substantially reducing their market value?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: How will climate change affect the economy?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Why is climate change expected to decrease dairy production?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change has adverse effects on agricultural productivity in California

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 7–22 percent

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ripening of wine grapes,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a decreased productivity of agriculture,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2009

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in ecological composition,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climate change is expected to decrease dairy production by between 7–22 percent

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Changing weather and precipitation patterns could require expensive adaptation measures,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather due to climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: extreme weather

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: increases in frequency and intensity of extreme weather

text: It's Tomorrow aims to sensitize the audience about climate change and global warming. It is a wake-up call to the world. The one-and-a-half-hour film explores what a worst-case scenario might look like and gives a glimpse of the kind of floods and other natural disaster that might visit us in future. The Earth introduces itself in the film and talks to the audience about its current state and what it is experiencing due to climate change. The film is a political drama revolving around the climate change phenomenon around the world. It has political giants, renowned scientist and actors playing minor roles throughout the film. Interestingly, the movie has the Earth talking to the audience directly and telling them about its plight caused by climate change and answering the question “Is it Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

text: It's Tomorrow aims to sensitize the audience about

text: climate change

text: and

text: global warming

text: . It is a wake-up call to the world. The one-and-a-half-hour film explores what a worst-case scenario might look like and gives a glimpse of the kind of

text: floods

text: and other

text: natural disaster

text: that might visit us in future. The Earth introduces itself in the film and talks to the audience about its current state and what it is experiencing due to climate change. The film is a political drama revolving around the climate change phenomenon around the world. It has political giants, renowned

text: scientist

text: and actors playing minor roles throughout the film. Interestingly, the movie has the Earth talking to the audience directly and telling them about its plight caused by climate change and answering the question “Is it

text: Global Warming

text: or

text: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of the sunspots in the film?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods and other natural disaster

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does the Earth introduce itself in the film?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global cooling

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global Cooling

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Global Warming or Global Cooling?”

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global Cooling?”

text: This is a list of climate change books that describe, as a major theme, the effects of human activity on climate change.

text: This is a list of climate change books that describe, as a major theme, the effects of human activity on

text: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Human activity is not the cause of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What are greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon Dioxide, and Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a tropical storm that occurs in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical storms

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climate Change: A Guide to Understanding It

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change books that describe the effects of human activity

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is a major theme of this list?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: The Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climate Change: Causes and Effects

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Earth's Core

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climate Change: A Guide to Understanding It

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Carbon Dioxide in the Air

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the effects of human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: the effects of human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the effects of human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: human activity on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change books

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: human activity on climate change.

text: The interim replacements for CFCs are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which deplete stratospheric ozone, but to a much lesser extent than CFCs. Ultimately, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) will replace HCFCs. Unlike CFCs and HCFCs, HFCs have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.  DuPont began producing hydrofluorocarbons as alternatives to Freon in the 1980s. These included Suva refrigerants and Dymel propellants. Natural refrigerants are climate friendly solutions that are enjoying increasing support from large companies and governments interested in reducing global warming emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning. Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential and are facing calls to be regulated under the Montreal Protocol due to the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change.

text: The interim replacements for CFCs are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which deplete stratospheric ozone, but to a much lesser extent than CFCs. Ultimately,

text: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

text: will replace HCFCs. Unlike CFCs and HCFCs, HFCs have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.  DuPont began producing hydrofluorocarbons as alternatives to Freon in the 1980s. These included Suva refrigerants and Dymel propellants. Natural refrigerants are climate friendly solutions that are enjoying increasing support from large companies and governments interested in reducing global warming emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning. Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: because of their very high

text: Global Warming Potential

text: and are facing calls to be regulated under the

text: Montreal Protocol

text: due to the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Are hydrofluorocarbons included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential and are facing calls to be regulated under the Montreal Protocol

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ozone depletion: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, or HCFCs?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential and are facing calls to be regulated due to the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: natural refrigerants

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a climate friendly solution that are enjoying increasing support from large companies and governments?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of halocarbon?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Suva

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: CFCs.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1980s.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: reducing global warming emissions

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming emissions

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: refrigeration and air conditioning.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: HFCs have an ozone depletion potential

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ozone,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Natural refrigerants

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: halocarbon contributions to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 0.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: hydrofluorocarbons as alternatives to Freon in the 1980s.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ozone depletion potential

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Natural refrigerants

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Natural refrigerants

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming emissions

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1980s.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1980s.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ozone,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The interim replacements for CFCs

text: Human-induced climate change may lead to irreversible impacts on physical, biological, and social systems.  There are a number of examples of climate change impacts that may be irreversible, at least over the timescale of many human generations.  These include the large-scale singularities described above – changes in carbon cycle feedbacks, the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, and changes to the AMOC. In biological systems, the extinction of species would be an irreversible impact. In social systems, unique cultures may be lost due to climate change. For example, humans living on atoll islands face risks due to sea-level rise, sea-surface warming, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

text: Human-induced climate change may lead to irreversible impacts on physical, biological, and social systems.  There are a number of examples of climate change impacts that may be irreversible, at least over the timescale of many human generations.  These include the large-scale singularities described above – changes in carbon cycle feedbacks, the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, and changes to the AMOC. In biological systems, the extinction of species would be an irreversible impact. In social systems, unique

text: culture

text: s may be lost due to climate change. For example, humans living on

text: atoll

text: islands face risks due to sea-level rise, sea-surface warming, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Are there any examples of climate change impacts that may be irreversible?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Are there any other examples of climate change impacts that may be irreversible?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: could lead to the extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: West Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Human-induced climate change may lead to irreversible impacts

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not an example of climate change impacts that may be irreversible?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: West Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes to the AMOC

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: irreversible

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: sea-surface warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level rise

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: many human generations.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Human-induced climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: changes in carbon cycle feedbacks,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Human-induced

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: sea-level rise,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: changes to the AMOC.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: extinction of species

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: extreme weather events.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: human generations.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: West Antarctic ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sea-level rise,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets,

text: This documentary presents the work done to develop the theory that cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays as the major originator of global climate variation.  It also mentions that these scientist to not subscribe to the view that human influence and the effect of greenhouse gases as significant drivers of climate. However, the focus is on the work they have done and not on other climate theories like antropodgenic global warming for instance.

text: This documentary presents the work done to develop the theory that cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays as the major originator of global climate variation.  It also mentions that these scientist to not subscribe to the view that human influence and the effect of

text: greenhouse gases

text: as significant drivers of climate. However, the focus is on the work they have done and not on other climate theories like

text: antropodgenic global warming

text: for instance.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a driver of climate?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are the main causes of global warming.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human influence

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the tropical cyclone that occurs in the southern hemisphere?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global climate variation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global climate variation?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees is Earths temperature today?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: It has been increasing for many decades

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: antropodgenic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate variation

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human influence and the effect of greenhouse gases as significant drivers of climate.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human influence and the effect of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: antropodgenic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: cloud cover change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: antropodgenic

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: antropodgenic

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human influence and the effect of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: variations in cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: antropodgenic global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global climate variation.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: antropodgenic global warming

text: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive. This poses a problem for many animals, for example the Southern Rockhopper Penguins. These penguins are able to live and thrive in a variety of climates due to the penguins' phenotypic plasticity. However, they are predicted to respond by dispersal, not adaptation this time. This is explained due to their long life spans and slow microevolution. Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters, it would be very hard to survive and keep up with the fast changing climate because these behaviors took years to shape.

text: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive. This poses a problem for many animals, for example the

text: Southern Rockhopper Penguins

text: . These penguins are able to live and thrive in a variety of climates due to the penguins' phenotypic plasticity. However, they are predicted to respond by dispersal, not adaptation this time. This is explained due to their long life spans and slow microevolution. Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters, it would be very hard to survive and keep up with the fast changing climate because these behaviors took years to shape.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Penguins in the subantarctic have very different foraging behavior than the subtropical waters

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: subtropical

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of penguin: Southern Rockhopper Penguins or Penguins in the subantarctic?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: causing climate change, is an example of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Penguins in the subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause penguins in the subantarctic to respond by dispersal

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in which place?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not an example of phenotypic plasticity?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Southern Rockhopper Penguins or subantarctic?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the penguins?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Southern Rockhopper Penguins or subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How would the penguins respond to this change?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would the penguins respond to this?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How does this affect penguins?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: subtropical

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: subtropical

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: they are predicted to respond by dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: As the climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: As the climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: long life spans and slow microevolution.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: slow microevolution. Penguins in the subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: As the climate changes, prey and predators have to adapt to survive.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: As the climate changes,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: dispersal,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Penguins in the subantarctic

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Southern Rockhopper Penguins.

text: For his demonstration of the existence and nature of solar variations of long term and the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

text: For his demonstration of the existence and nature of solar variations of long term and the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Humans are causing climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: John Herschel

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: can cause climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a climate change caused by a change in the ocean's temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes for climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of solar variations of long term?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The average global temperature

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather to be more extreme.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: A.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of large changes in Earths climate?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: James Webb

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: A).

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: A).

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: James Webb

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: what would happen to the planet

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Richard Feynman

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is true of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: a).

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: euclid

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: isotope

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: mankind.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: mankind.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: demonstration of the existence and nature of solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: demonstration of the existence and nature of solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: the consequences of these changes for climate and for mankind.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: solar variations of long term

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: solar variations

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: solar variations

text: Global warming in the United States has been a salient topic since the Kyoto Protocol, as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, that was established in 1992. The effects of global warming have been widely debated; however, there is evidence that suggests a slight increase in the core temperature of most states. In addition there seems to be a number of effects on ecological systems throughout the United States. In the state of Tennessee, one of the key effects of global warming seems to be the radical changes to the geological composition as well as wildlife health of the Ohio-Tennessee Basin.

text: Global warming in the United States has been a salient topic since the Kyoto Protocol, as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, that was established in 1992. The effects of global warming have been widely debated; however, there is evidence that suggests a slight increase in the core temperature of most states. In addition there seems to be a number of effects on ecological systems throughout the United States. In the state of Tennessee, one of the key effects of global warming seems to be the radical changes to the geological composition as well as wildlife health of the Ohio-Tennessee Basin.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a slight increase in the core temperature of most states

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slight increase

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago was the Kyoto Protocol established?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming: a slight increase in the core temperature of most states or a number of effects on ecological systems?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the Ohio-Tennessee Basin

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago was the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: slight increase in the core temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What can be concluded from the passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the Kyoto Protocol was established or the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was established?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does global warming affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slight increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global warming in the United States

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: slight

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1992.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Global warming in the United States

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: a slight increase in the core temperature

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Global warming in the United States

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: slight increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1992.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a slight increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: slight increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ecological systems

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global warming in the United States

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming in the United States

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: slight increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1992.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: slight increase in the core temperature of most states.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: slight increase

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change, the fundamental strategy of climate change denial, has been very effective, particularly in the US. It has contributed to low levels of public concern and to government inaction worldwide. An Angus Reid poll released in 2010 indicates that global warming skepticism in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom has been rising. There may be multiple causes of this trend, including a focus on economic rather than environmental issues, and a negative perception of the United Nations and its role in discussing climate change.Another cause may be weariness from overexposure to the topic: secondary polls suggest that the public may have been discouraged by extremism when discussing the topic, while other polls show 54% of U.S. voters believe that "the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is." A poll in 2009 regarding the issue of whether "some scientists have falsified research data to support their own theories and beliefs about global warming" showed that 59% of Americans believed it "at least somewhat likely", with 35% believing it was "very likely".

text: Manufactured uncertainty

text: over climate change, the fundamental strategy of climate change denial, has been very effective, particularly in the US. It has contributed to low levels of public concern and to government inaction worldwide. An Angus Reid poll released in 2010 indicates that global warming skepticism in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom has been rising. There may be multiple causes of this trend, including a focus on economic rather than environmental issues, and a negative perception of the United Nations and its role in discussing climate change.Another cause may be weariness from overexposure to the topic: secondary polls suggest that the public may have been discouraged by extremism when discussing the topic, while other polls show 54% of U.S. voters believe that "the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is." A poll in 2009 regarding the issue of whether "some scientists have falsified research data to support their own theories and beliefs about global warming" showed that 59% of Americans believed it "at least somewhat likely", with 35% believing it was "very likely".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What has contributed to low levels of public concern?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming skepticism: a focus on economic rather than environmental issues, and a negative perception of the United Nations and its role in discussing discussing climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change denial, has contributed to low levels of public concern

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Manufactured uncertainty

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a focus on economic rather than environmental issues

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of the climate change denial strategy?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming skepticism?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did average global temperature go straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of low levels of public concern and to government inaction worldwide?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change denial,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: a focus on economic rather than environmental issues,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: United Nations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: low levels of public concern and to government inaction worldwide.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: global warming skepticism

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Manufactured uncertainty over climate change,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming"

text: The Pleistocene epoch brought periodic ice ages and a cooler, wetter climate. This increased erosion at higher elevations with the introduction of alpine glaciers while mid-elevations were attacked by frost wedging and lower areas by more vigorous stream scouring.  Pluvial lakes also formed during this time. Glaciers and pluvial lakes disappeared and the climate warmed and became drier with the start of Holocene epoch.

text: The

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch brought periodic

text: ice age

text: s and a cooler, wetter climate. This increased erosion at higher elevations with the introduction of

text: alpine glacier

text: s while mid-elevations were attacked by

text: frost wedging

text: and lower areas by more vigorous stream scouring.

text: Pluvial

text: lakes also formed during this time. Glaciers and pluvial lakes disappeared and the climate warmed and became drier with the start of

text: Holocene

text: epoch.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The Pleistocene epoch brought periodic ice ages

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How did glaciers and pluvial lakes form?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What caused the climate to become drier?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate warmed and became drier

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a drier climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased erosion at higher elevations

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: with the start of Holocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did glaciers and pluvial lakes disappear?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years after the Pleistocene epoch did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, Pleistocene epoch or Holocene epoch?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to the climate?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many degrees cooler was Earth in the Pleistocene ice age?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years was the Pleistocene warm period?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What caused glaciers and pluvial lakes to disappear and the climate warmed and became drier?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: What would happen if glaciers and pluvial lakes disappeared?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How would you describe the climate of the Holocene epoch?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: warmed and became drier

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: cooler, wetter

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: the climate warmed and became drier

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate warmed and became drier

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Holocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: erosion at higher elevations

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: periodic ice ages

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: alpine glaciers

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the climate warmed and became drier

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Holocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: The Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Holocene epoch.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: drier

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: The Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: frost wedging

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: cooler, wetter

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice ages

text: In terms of climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases, the land use sector (including agriculture and forestry) has the potential to mitigate climate change by actively removing greenhouse gases, in addition to simply reducing emissions, especially through reforestation and landscape restoration. This sector accounts for around 24% of anthropogenic emisisons - and a much greater proportion of emissions in many developing countries, where land use represents the largest potential for climate change mitigation. There are many interactions between climate change and agriculture so the case for integrated landscape management is again based on the need for landscape managers to consider multiple issues and achieve multiple objectives simultaneously (i.e. production of food and climate mitigation). Advocates of integrated landscape management argue that 'climate-smart agriculture' and implementation of the Cancun REDD+ safeguards can draw on integrated landscape management; for instance, multi-stakeholder planning, appropriate landscape governance and resource tenure, investment in the landscape, and monitoring social and climate goals at different scales.

text: In terms of climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases, the land use sector (including agriculture and forestry) has the potential to mitigate climate change by actively removing greenhouse gases, in addition to simply reducing emissions, especially through reforestation and landscape restoration. This sector accounts for around 24% of anthropogenic emisisons - and a much greater proportion of emissions in many developing countries, where land use represents the largest potential for climate change mitigation. There are many interactions between climate change and agriculture so the case for integrated landscape management is again based on the need for landscape managers to consider multiple issues and achieve multiple objectives simultaneously (i.e. production of food and climate mitigation). Advocates of integrated landscape management argue that 'climate-smart agriculture' and implementation of the Cancun REDD+ safeguards can draw on integrated landscape management; for instance, multi-stakeholder planning, appropriate landscape governance and resource tenure, investment in the landscape, and monitoring social and climate goals at different scales.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: REDD+ safeguards can draw on integrated landscape management

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which sector accounts for around 24% of anthropogenic emisisons?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does REDD+ stand for?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, and REDD+

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic emissions

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Cancun REDD+ safeguards can draw on integrated landscape

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does REDD+ stand for?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: REDD+

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 24%

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Cancun

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 24% of anthropogenic emisisons

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: production of food

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 24% of anthropogenic emisisons

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: climate change by actively removing greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change by actively removing greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change by actively removing greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: In terms of climate change and REDD+,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: reforestation and landscape restoration.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: climate change and REDD+,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: In terms of climate change and REDD+,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: REDD+,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: climate change and REDD+,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change and REDD+, unlike other sectors that emit greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 24% of anthropogenic emisisons

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: REDD+,

text: The film was awarded the Best Documentary trophy at the Io Isabella film festival and was shortlisted for the Best Documentary prize in the British television industry's 2008 Broadcast Awards. An official judgement issued on 21 July 2008 by the British media regulator Ofcom found that the programme "did not fulfill obligations to be impartial and to reflect a range of views on controversial issues". It upheld complaints by Sir David King that his views had been misrepresented, and Carl Wunsch, on the points that he had been misled as to its intent, and that the impression had been given that he agreed with the programme's position on climate change. However, the regulator said that because "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007" the audience was not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence". Ofcom declined to rule on the accuracy of the programme, saying: "It is not within Ofcom's remit or ability in this case as the regulator of the 'communications industry' to establish or seek to adjudicate on 'facts' such as whether global warming is a man-made phenomenon".

text: The film was awarded the Best Documentary trophy at the

text: Io Isabella film festival

text: and was shortlisted for the Best Documentary prize in the British television industry's 2008 Broadcast Awards. An official judgement issued on 21 July 2008 by the British media regulator Ofcom found that the programme "did not fulfill obligations to be impartial and to reflect a range of views on controversial issues". It upheld complaints by Sir

text: David King

text: that his views had been misrepresented, and

text: Carl Wunsch

text: , on the points that he had been misled as to its intent, and that the impression had been given that he agreed with the programme's position on climate change. However, the regulator said that because "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007" the audience was not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence". Ofcom declined to rule on the accuracy of the programme, saying: "It is not within Ofcom's remit or ability in this case as the regulator of the 'communications industry' to establish or seek to adjudicate on 'facts' such as whether global warming is a man-made phenomenon".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming is a man-made phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: March 2007

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a film: Sunspots, Sunspots or Sunspots?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Ofcom declined to rule on the accuracy of the film

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: The film was awarded the Best Documentary trophy at the Io Isabella film festival

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did the audience not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence"?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It is not within Ofcom's remit or ability to establish or seek to adjudicate on 'facts'

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Ofcom declined to rule on the accuracy

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What was the impression given that he had been misled as to its intent?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming is a man-made phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: a man-made phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming is a man-made phenomenon

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a man-made phenomenon".

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2008 Broadcast Awards.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: man-made phenomenon".

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Io Isabella

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2007"

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2007"

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: man-made phenomenon".

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming...

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2008 Broadcast Awards. An official judgement issued on 21 July 2008

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: man-made phenomenon".

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: March 2007"

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming...

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming... became settled before March 2007"

text: Heaven and Earth is a sequel to a previous work by Plimer called A Short History of Planet Earth. Published in 2001, A Short History was based on a decade's worth of radio broadcasts by Plimer aimed mainly at rural Australians. It became a bestseller and won a Eureka Prize in 2002. However, Plimer was unable to find any major publisher willing to publish his follow-up book. He attributed this to there being "a lot of fear out there. No one wants to go against the popular paradigm." Plimer turned to Connor Court Publishing. The company has a history of publishing books on "culture, justice and religion", including many books on Christianity and Catholicism in particular. It has also published fellow Australian climate change skeptic Garth Paltridge's book, The Climate Caper, which likewise criticises the climate change consensus and the "politicisation of science". Crikey, an Australian webzine, commented that the publication of Heaven and Earth was a coup for conservatives, and said of the publisher: "The conservatives have a new friend in publishing".

text: Heaven and Earth is a sequel to a previous work by Plimer called A Short History of Planet Earth. Published in 2001, A Short History was based on a decade's worth of radio broadcasts by Plimer aimed mainly at rural Australians. It became a bestseller and won a

text: Eureka Prize

text: in 2002. However, Plimer was unable to find any major publisher willing to publish his follow-up book. He attributed this to there being "a lot of fear out there. No one wants to go against the popular paradigm." Plimer turned to

text: Connor Court Publishing

text: . The company has a history of publishing books on "culture, justice and religion", including many books on

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Catholicism

text: in particular. It has also published fellow Australian

text: climate change skeptic

text: Garth Paltridge

text: 's book, The Climate Caper, which likewise criticises the climate change consensus and the "politicisation of science".

text: Crikey

text: , an Australian

text: webzine

text: , commented that the publication of Heaven and Earth was a coup for conservatives, and said of the publisher: "The conservatives have a new friend in publishing".

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The conservatives have a new friend in publishing

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the publication of Heaven and Earth was a coup for conservatives?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the name of Plimer's second book?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climate Caper, and The Climate Caper are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Christianity

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the climate change consensus and the "politicisation of science"?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: In what year did Plimer win the Eureka Prize

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How many years after A Short History was published did it win a Eureka Prize?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up from O C.E. to 2010 C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the climate change consensus?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many years did it take for the book to become a bestseller?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice age occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Medieval warm period last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: A Short History

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate change consensus and the "politicisation of science"

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: climate change consensus

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2002.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2001,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change skeptic

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: "politicisation of science".

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Christianity and Catholicism

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change consensus

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: climate change consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Connor Court Publishing.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change consensus

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change consensus

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: A Short History of Planet Earth.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: A Short History of Planet Earth.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: No one wants to go against the popular paradigm."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Climate Caper,

text: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age. However, they still affected the local environment as when water was trapped frozen in glaciers it caused the local sea levels to drop. The local climate was cold and the local flora correspondingly different. The local wildlife was also different and included such animals as mastodons. During warmer periods the glaciers would melt and sea levels rise. Clams, oysters, and snails lived in these higher waters and were preserved in the eastern part of the state. On land, Pleistocene Maryland was home to a great diversity of mammals. During the middle of that epoch, Maryland was covered in a moist woodland habitat. Around this time a cavity in the limestone composing an Allegany County hill served as a death trap for many unwary animals over an extended period. Among the preserved remains were animals from very warm, intermediate and very cold climates, documenting the changes in the make up of the local wildlife in response to the planet's changing climate. The mammals typifying the warm "southern" fauna included some of the bats, peccaries, and a tapir. A crocodile added a reptilian element to this "southern" fauna. The intermediate latitude-type fauna was characterized by a badger, a variety of bears, deer, a mastodon, otter, and a puma-like animal. The mammals more typical of northern habitats included elk, a fisher, hare, lemming, mink, jumping mouse, muskrat, pika, porcupine, long tailed shrew, red squirrel, and wolverine. Large animals are conspicuously absent from the deposit and few of the fossils suggest anything larger than a modern black bear. Also conspicuous is the absence of many kinds of animal that are common in the Pleistocene deposits in the United States like bison, camels, giant ground sloths, musk oxen relatives of modern elephants, and saber teeth.

text: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age. However, they still affected the local environment as when water was trapped frozen in glaciers it caused the local sea levels to drop. The local climate was cold and the local flora correspondingly different. The local wildlife was also different and included such animals as mastodons. During warmer periods the glaciers would melt and sea levels rise. Clams, oysters, and snails lived in these higher waters and were preserved in the eastern part of the state. On land, Pleistocene Maryland was home to a great diversity of mammals. During the middle of that

text: epoch

text: , Maryland was covered in a moist

text: woodland

text: habitat. Around this time a cavity in the

text: limestone

text: composing an

text: Allegany County

text: hill

text: served as a death trap for many unwary animals over an extended period. Among the preserved remains were animals from very warm, intermediate and very cold climates, documenting the changes in the make up of the local wildlife in response to the planet's changing climate. The mammals typifying the warm "southern" fauna included some of the

text: bats

text: peccaries

text: , and a

text: tapir

text: . A

text: crocodile

text: added a

text: reptilian

text: element to this "southern" fauna. The intermediate latitude-type fauna was characterized by a

text: badger

text: , a variety of

text: bear

text: s, deer, a

text: mastodon

text: otter

text: , and a

text: puma

text: -like animal. The mammals more typical of northern habitats included

text: elk

text: , a

text: fisher

text: hare

text: lemming

text: mink

text: jumping mouse

text: muskrat

text: pika

text: porcupine

text: long tailed shrew

text: red squirrel

text: , and

text: wolverine

text: . Large animals are conspicuously absent from the deposit and few of the fossils suggest anything larger than a modern

text: black bear

text: . Also conspicuous is the absence of many kinds of animal that are common in the Pleistocene deposits in the United States like

text: bison

text: camels

text: giant ground sloths

text: musk oxen

text: relatives of modern elephants

text: , and

text: saber teeth

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or a tapir?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or tapir?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or a tapir?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciers melting

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: saber teeth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the local sea levels to drop?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: local sea levels to drop

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during what time of year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or tapir?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or tapir?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How did this affect the local wildlife?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Pleistocene Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years did the Medieval warm period last?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: bats, peccaries, or tapir?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would the glaciers melt and sea levels rise?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How long has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciers would melt

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: During warmer periods the glaciers would melt

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: very warm,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The mammals more typical of northern habitats

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: a badger,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: glaciers would melt

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Glaciers never reached Maryland during the later Ice Age.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: crocodile

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: sea levels rise.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: "southern" fauna. The intermediate latitude-type fauna

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer periods the glaciers would melt and sea levels rise.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: bats, peccaries, and a tapir.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "southern"

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "southern"

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "southern" fauna.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: mastodons.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: later Ice Age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Large animals are conspicuously absent from the deposit

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Large animals are conspicuously absent

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: bats, peccaries, and a tapir.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: water was trapped frozen in glaciers

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: "southern"

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "southern"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "southern"

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: crocodile

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: warmer periods the glaciers would melt

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: when water was trapped frozen in glaciers

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The local climate was cold

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Ice Age.

text: Atmospheric sciences is an umbrella term for the study of the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates and their change over time, due to both natural and anthropogenic climate variability. Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important. Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of planetary science and the study of the atmospheres of the planets of the solar system.

text: Atmospheric sciences is an

text: umbrella term

text: for the study of the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.

text: Meteorology

text: includes

text: atmospheric chemistry

text: and

text: atmospheric physics

text: with a major focus on

text: weather forecasting

text: Climatology

text: is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates and their change over time, due to both natural and anthropogenic

text: climate variability

text: Aeronomy

text: is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where

text: dissociation

text: and

text: ionization

text: are important. Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of

text: planetary science

text: and the study of the atmospheres of the

text: planet

text: s of the

text: solar system

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: natural and anthropogenic climate variability

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of planetary science: Climatology, Aeronomy or Meteorology?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Climatology, and Aeronomy are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Aeronomy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change: natural or anthropogenic?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What does Climatology study?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents may cause plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: anthropogenic climate variability

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long and short-term)

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: planetary science

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Aeronomy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: natural and anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Meteorology

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Atmospheric sciences

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Atmospheric sciences

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: natural and anthropogenic climate variability.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Climatology

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: variability.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Climatology

text: Climate change and global warming have become one of the most pressing environmental concerns and the greatest global challenges in society today, despite the fact that a consensus has never been reached in the debates over its causes and consequences. As this issue continues to dominate the international agenda, researchers from different academic sectors have for long been devoting great efforts to explore effective solutions to climate change, with technologists and planners devising ways of mitigating and adapting to climate change; economists estimating the cost of climate change and the cost of tackling it; development experts exploring the impact of climate change on social services and public goods. However, Cammack (2007) points out two problems with many of the above discussions, namely the disconnection between the proposed solutions to climate change from different disciplines; and the devoid of politics in addressing climate change at the local level. Further, the issue of climate change is facing various other challenges, such as the problem of elite-resource capture, the resource constraints in developing countries and the conflicts that frequently result from such constraints, which have often been less concerned and stressed in suggested solutions. In recognition of these problems, it is advocated that “understanding the political economy of climate change is vital to tackling it”.

text: Climate change and

text: global warming

text: have become one of the most pressing

text: environmental concerns

text: and the greatest global challenges in society today, despite the fact that a consensus has never been reached in the debates over its causes and consequences. As this issue continues to dominate the international agenda, researchers from different academic sectors have for long been devoting great efforts to explore effective solutions to climate change, with technologists and planners devising ways of

text: mitigating

text: and

text: adapting

text: to climate change; economists estimating the cost of climate change and the cost of tackling it; development experts exploring the impact of climate change on social services and public goods. However, Cammack (2007) points out two problems with many of the above discussions, namely the disconnection between the proposed solutions to climate change from different disciplines; and the devoid of politics in addressing climate change at the local level. Further, the issue of climate change is facing various other challenges, such as the problem of elite-resource capture, the resource constraints in

text: developing countries

text: and the conflicts that frequently result from such constraints, which have often been less concerned and stressed in suggested solutions. In recognition of these problems, it is advocated that “understanding the political economy of climate change is vital to tackling it”.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the political economy of climate change is vital to tackling it

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: global warming, elite-resource capture, or social services and public goods?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: political economy

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What has never been reached in the debates over its causes and consequences

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What is the consequence of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a consensus has never been reached

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change;

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: social services and public goods.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: a consensus has never been reached

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: social services and public goods.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: (2007)

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change and global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: a consensus has never been reached

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming

text: The short-term changes in calcification rate and shell growth described by the aforementioned studies are based on experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients, but long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth. Sclerochronology can reconstruct historical temperature data from growth increments in shells of many calcifying organisms based on differential growth rates at different temperatures. The visible markers for these growth increments are similar to growth rings, and are also present in fossil shells, enabling researchers to establish that clams such as Phacosoma balticum and Ruditapes philippinarum grew the fastest during times of warmer climate.

text: The short-term changes in calcification rate and shell growth described by the aforementioned studies are based on experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients, but long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

text: Sclerochronology

text: can reconstruct historical temperature data from growth increments in shells of many calcifying organisms based on differential growth rates at different temperatures. The visible markers for these growth increments are similar to

text: growth rings

text: , and are also present in fossil shells, enabling researchers to establish that clams such as Phacosoma balticum and

text: Ruditapes philippinarum

text: grew the fastest during times of warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the visible markers of these growth increments are similar to growth rings

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1912

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are also present in fossil shells

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the visible markers of these growth increments?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: clams such as Phacosoma balticum and Ruditapes philippinarum grew the fastest during times of warmer climate

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: long-term temperature trends

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: clams

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can also affect shell growth

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: changes in calcification rate and shell growth

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during times of warmer climate

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: latitudinal

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term temperature trends

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: clams

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thermal gradients

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: grew the fastest during times of warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: based on experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: growth rings,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Sclerochronology

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: clams such as Phacosoma balticum

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term temperature trends can also affect shell growth.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: times of warmer climate.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: latitudinal thermal gradients,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: differential growth rates at different temperatures.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: experimental temperature elevation or latitudinal thermal gradients,

text: Though the term "cli-fi" came into use in the late 2000s to describe fiction that deals with man-made climate change, historically, there have been any number of literary works that dealt with climate change as a natural disaster. One example is Jules Verne's 1889 novel The Purchase of the North Pole, which imagines a climate change due to tilting of Earth's axis. In his posthumous Paris in the Twentieth Century, written in 1883 and set during the 1960s, the titular city experiences a sudden drop in temperature, which lasts for three years. Several well-known dystopian works by British author J. G. Ballard deal with climate-related natural disasters: In  The Wind from Nowhere (1961), civilization is reduced by persistent hurricane-force winds, and The Drowned World (1962) describes a future of melted ice-caps and rising sea-levels caused by solar radiation. In The Burning World (1964, later called The Drought) his climate catastrophe is human-made, a drought due to disruption of the precipitation cycle by industrial pollution.

text: Though the term "cli-fi" came into use in the late 2000s to describe fiction that deals with man-made

text: climate change

text: , historically, there have been any number of literary works that dealt with climate change as a natural disaster. One example is

text: Jules Verne

text: 's 1889 novel

text: The Purchase of the North Pole

text: , which imagines a climate change due to tilting of Earth's axis. In his posthumous

text: Paris in the Twentieth Century

text: , written in 1883 and set during the 1960s, the titular city experiences a sudden drop in temperature, which lasts for three years. Several well-known dystopian works by British author

text: J. G. Ballard

text: deal with climate-related natural disasters: In

text: The Wind from Nowhere

text: (1961), civilization is reduced by persistent hurricane-force winds, and

text: The Drowned World

text: (1962) describes a future of melted ice-caps and rising sea-levels caused by solar radiation. In

text: The Burning World

text: (1964, later called The Drought) his climate catastrophe is human-made, a drought due to disruption of the precipitation cycle by industrial pollution.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the titular city experiences a sudden drop in temperature

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What does the term "cli-fi" refer to?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the term "cli-fi" refer to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How does industrial pollution disrupt the precipitation cycle?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: The Drowned World

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did Paris experience a sudden drop in temperature, which lasts for three years?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: climate change as a natural disaster

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Twentieth Century

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What does the term "cli-fi" describe?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What does the term "cli-fi" refer to?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What does the term "cli-fi" mean?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The Drowned World

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: industrial pollution

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the 1960s

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice-caps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: sudden drop in temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: The Purchase of the North Pole

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: rising sea-levels

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000s

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: man-made climate change,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: industrial pollution.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: industrial pollution.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: hurricane-force winds,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: persistent hurricane-force winds,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: hurricane-force winds,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: sudden drop in temperature,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: rising sea-levels caused by solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: hurricane-force winds,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Twentieth Century,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: civilization is reduced by persistent hurricane-force winds,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: melted ice-caps

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "cli-fi"

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: melted ice-caps

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Paris in the Twentieth Century,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: rising sea-levels caused by solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: melted ice-caps and rising sea-levels

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: "cli-fi" came into use in the late 2000s

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: tilting of Earth's axis.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Twentieth Century,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: melted ice-caps

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: drop in temperature,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: melted ice-caps

text: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene two types of wolf evolved in the ice-free north of the Wisconsin glaciation, one in the Peary Land refugium in the far north of Greenland, the other in Alaska. Once the ice receded, the Peary Land wolves spread across Greenland and the Queen Elizabeth Islands. The Alaskan wolves spread to become the northern wolves referred to as Canis lupus arctos. Other wolves from south of the ice sheet would move north to interact with the northern wolves.

text: Nowak suggested that during the

text: Late Pleistocene

text: two types of wolf evolved in the ice-free north of the

text: Wisconsin glaciation

text: , one in the

text: Peary Land

text: refugium in the far north of Greenland, the other in Alaska. Once the ice receded, the Peary Land wolves spread across Greenland and the

text: Queen Elizabeth Islands

text: . The Alaskan wolves spread to become the northern wolves referred to as Canis lupus arctos. Other wolves from south of the ice sheet would move north to interact with the northern wolves.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Peary Land wolves spread across Greenland and the Queen Elizabeth Islands

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many types of wolves evolved during the Late Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wolf: Canis lupus arctos, Greenland, or Alaska?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Canis lupus arctos would move north of the ice sheet

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: wolves

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: wolves

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many types of wolves evolved in the ice-free north of the Wisconsin glaciation

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what country?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How did the ice recede?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can happen to climate as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It took large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: wolf evolved in the ice-free north of the Wisconsin glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ice-free north of the Wisconsin glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: ice-free north of the Wisconsin glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Peary Land wolves spread across Greenland and the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Once the ice receded,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Once the ice receded,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Wisconsin glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Wisconsin glaciation,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Nowak suggested that during the Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice receded,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Late Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Late Pleistocene

text: Mandia is very active in advocacy that takes the position that climate change, specifically global warming, is a threat to contemporary human habitats. To this end, he maintains a website titled "Global Warming: Man or Myth?", included at the "Start Here" tab of RealClimate.org.  Mandia also writes about climate change and politics at his blog.

text: Mandia is very active in advocacy that takes the position that

text: climate change

text: , specifically

text: global warming

text: , is a threat to contemporary human habitats. To this end, he maintains a website titled "Global Warming: Man or Myth?", included at the "Start Here" tab of

text: RealClimate

text: .org.  Mandia also writes about climate change and politics at his blog.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Global Warming: Man or Myth?

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a threat

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does Mandia believe is the cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming: Man or Myth?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: It takes large changes in Earths climate to affect living things

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming, is a threat to contemporary human habitats.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming, is a threat to contemporary human habitats.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming, is a threat to contemporary human habitats.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: human habitats.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: "Global Warming: Man or Myth?",

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: Climate change, global warming caused by the greenhouse effect, and the resulting increase in global temperatures, are possibly causing tropical diseases and vectors to spread to higher altitudes in mountainous regions, and to higher latitudes that were previously spared, such as the Southern United States, the Mediterranean area, etc. For example, in the Monteverde cloud forest of Costa Rica, global warming enabled Chytridiomycosis, a tropical disease, to flourish and thus force into decline amphibian populations of the Monteverde Harlequin frog. Here, global warming raised the heights of orographic cloud formation, and thus produced cloud cover that would facilitate optimum growth conditions for the implicated pathogen, B. dendrobatidis.

text: Climate change

text: global warming

text: caused by the

text: greenhouse effect

text: , and the resulting increase in global

text: temperature

text: s, are possibly causing tropical diseases and vectors to spread to higher altitudes in mountainous regions, and to higher latitudes that were previously spared, such as the

text: Southern United States

text: , the Mediterranean area, etc. For example, in the Monteverde cloud forest of Costa Rica, global warming enabled Chytridiomycosis, a tropical disease, to flourish and thus force into decline amphibian populations of the Monteverde Harlequin frog. Here, global warming raised the heights of orographic cloud formation, and thus produced cloud cover that would facilitate optimum growth conditions for the implicated pathogen, B. dendrobatidis.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Southern United States, the Mediterranean area, etc

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is the term for a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect, and the resulting increase in global temperatures are possibly causing tropical diseases and vectors to spread to higher altitudes in mountainous regions, and to higher latitudes that were previously spared, such as the Southern United States, the Mediterranean area, etc.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: amphibian populations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause global warming caused by the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern United States

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: causing tropical diseases and vectors to spread to higher altitudes

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Southern United States,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increase in global temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical diseases and vectors to spread to higher altitudes

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Climate change, global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increase in global temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Southern United States,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Climate change, global warming

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Climate change, global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming caused by the greenhouse effect,

text: In December 2016, Breitbart News published an article positing that 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change but were a direct consequence of the impact of El Nino. The article was a summary of a report which first appeared on the Daily Mail, drafted by well known scientists including Dr Gavin Schmidt, head of Nasa’s climate division. Both the Daily Mail and the Breitbart News stories are counter to the scientific consensus on climate change.

text: In December 2016, Breitbart News published an article positing that 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change but were a direct consequence of the impact of El Nino. The article was a summary of a report which first appeared on the Daily Mail, drafted by well known scientists including Dr Gavin Schmidt, head of Nasa’s climate division. Both the

text: Daily Mail

text: and the Breitbart News stories are counter to the

text: scientific consensus on climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2016

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a direct consequence of the impact of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not caused by El Nino: record-high global temperatures, record-high global temperatures, or El Nino?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: El Nino, and climate change are all examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What caused the 2016 record-high global temperatures?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: C.E.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of the impact of El Nino?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: glaciers covered much of North America

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: record-high

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: In December 2016,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: scientific consensus on climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: scientific consensus

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: In December 2016,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: a direct consequence of the impact of El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2016 record-high global temperatures were not caused by climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: El Nino.

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: record-high global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: El Nino.

text: During the Pleistocene period, muskoxen were much more widespread. Fossil evidence shows that they lived across the Siberian and North American Arctic, from the Urals to Greenland. The ancestors of today's muskoxen came across the Bering Land Bridge to North America between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago. During the Wisconsinan, modern muskox thrived in the tundra south of the Laurentide ice sheet, in what is now the Midwest, the Appalachians and Virginia, while distant relatives Bootherium and Euceratherium lived in the forests of the Southern United States and the western shrubland, respectively. Though they were always less common than other Ice Age megafauna, muskox abundance peaked during the Würm II glaciation 20,000 years ago and declined afterwards, especially during the Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event, where its range was greatly reduced and only the populations in North America survived. The last known muskox population in Europe died out in Sweden 9,000 years ago, and the last one in Asia, which lived on Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, about 2,000 years ago.

text: During the

text: Pleistocene

text: period, muskoxen were much more widespread. Fossil evidence shows that they lived across the Siberian and North American Arctic, from the

text: Urals

text: to

text: Greenland

text: . The ancestors of today's muskoxen came across the

text: Bering Land Bridge

text: to North America between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago. During the

text: Wisconsinan

text: , modern muskox thrived in the

text: tundra

text: south of the

text: Laurentide ice sheet

text: , in what is now the

text: Midwest

text: , the

text: Appalachians

text: and

text: Virginia

text: , while distant relatives

text: Bootherium

text: and

text: Euceratherium

text: lived in the forests of the

text: Southern United States

text: and the western shrubland, respectively. Though they were always less common than other Ice Age megafauna, muskox abundance peaked during the

text: Würm

text: II glaciation 20,000 years ago and declined afterwards, especially during the

text: Pleistocene

text: Holocene

text: extinction event

text: , where its range was greatly reduced and only the populations in North America survived. The last known muskox population in Europe died out in

text: Sweden

text: 9,000 years ago, and the last one in Asia, which lived on Siberia's

text: Taymyr Peninsula

text: , about 2,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the ancestors of today's muskoxen came across the Bering Land Bridge to North America between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago did the last known muskox population in Europe die out in Sweden?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot: Pleistocene, Holocene, or Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: How did the ancestors of today's muskoxen die out?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years ago did the last known muskox population in Europe die out?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what is now the Midwest

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How long ago was the last known muskox population in Asia?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Why would global warming cause more extreme weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How long ago did the Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event occur?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Würm II glaciation

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: muskoxen were much more widespread.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: Laurentide ice sheet,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Laurentide

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Würm II glaciation

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Würm II glaciation

text: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production. Like many crops, potatoes are likely to be affected by changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation, as well as interactions between these factors. As well as affecting potatoes directly, climate change will also affect the distributions and populations of many potato diseases and pests.Potato is one of the world’s most important food crops. Potato production must be adapted to climate change to avoid reductions in crop yields.

text: Global warming

text: is predicted to have significant effects on global

text: potato

text: production. Like many crops, potatoes are likely to be affected by changes in atmospheric

text: carbon dioxide

text: , temperature and precipitation, as well as interactions between these factors. As well as affecting potatoes directly, climate change will also affect the distributions and populations of many potato diseases and pests.Potato is one of the world’s most important food crops. Potato production must be adapted to climate change to avoid reductions in

text: crop yields

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global potato production must be adapted to climate change

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a factor affecting global potato production?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming: changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global potato production

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in global warming: global temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in global warming?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a result of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living thing?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How does global warming affect global potato production?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in global warming?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Which of the following is not predicted to have significant effects on global potato production?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: how would this affect global potato production?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in global warming?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: potato production.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: potato production.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: temperature and precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: adapted to climate change to avoid reductions in crop yields.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature and precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Global warming

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: temperature

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Global warming

text: The first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1979 in Geneva, Switzerland. The conference established that "continued expansion of man's activities on earth may cause significant extended regional and even global changes of climate".  The WMO created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to provide a source of "objective information" on global climate change.  Then in 1992, 154 nations signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which aimed to reduce emission levels in industrialized nations. The FCCC is a set of principles and does not legally bind a country to specific standards. Primarily, the FCCC seeks to "establish a set of principles, norms, and goals" amongst nations. In 1997, 159 nations signed the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol carries a legal obligation for nations to uphold specific standards in the reduction of greenhouse gases and emissions. The Kyoto Protocol defines countries as being "Annex 1 parties" or "non-Annex 1 parties".  Annex 1 parties are industrialized nations while non-Annex 1 refers to developing nations.

text: The first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1979 in Geneva, Switzerland. The conference established that "continued expansion of man's activities on earth may cause significant extended regional and even global changes of climate".  The WMO created the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: (IPCC) in 1988 to provide a source of "objective information" on global climate change.  Then in 1992, 154 nations signed the

text: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

text: (FCCC), which aimed to reduce emission levels in industrialized nations. The FCCC is a set of principles and does not legally bind a country to specific standards. Primarily, the FCCC seeks to "establish a set of principles, norms, and goals" amongst nations. In 1997, 159 nations signed the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: . The Kyoto Protocol carries a legal obligation for nations to uphold specific standards in the reduction of greenhouse gases and emissions. The Kyoto Protocol defines countries as being "Annex 1 parties" or "non-Annex 1 parties".  Annex 1 parties are industrialized nations while non-Annex 1 refers to developing nations.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: does not legally bind a country to specific standards

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1997

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years after the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: What is the main cause of global climate change?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man's activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the first World Climate Conference was held in Geneva, Switzerland?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in what year?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which happened first, the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization or the Kyoto Protocol was signed?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which happened first, the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) or the Kyoto Protocol was signed?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did the World Climate Conference establish?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: How many years after the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which happened first, the first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) or the Kyoto Protocol?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years after the first World Climate Conference was held

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: significantly

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many years has the amount of carbon dioxide in the air been increasing for many decades?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global changes of climate

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global climate change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: industrialized nations

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: significant extended regional and even global

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1979

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global changes of climate".

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: man's activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: industrialized nations

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global changes of climate".

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: "continued expansion of man's activities

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: "continued expansion of man's activities on earth

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: "continued expansion of man's activities

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 159 nations signed the Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: "continued expansion of man's activities

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 159 nations signed the Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 159 nations signed the Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 159 nations signed the Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: The first World Climate Conference

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global changes of climate".

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: significant extended regional and even global changes of climate".

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1979

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: The first World Climate Conference was held by the World Meteorological Organization

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: significant extended regional and even global changes of climate".

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

text: On June 25, 2014, Lenar Whitney stated in a campaign video that human-caused climate change is "the greatest deception in the history of mankind." Dismissing evidence of global warming presented in Al Gore's documentary An Inconvenient Truth and the consensus of scientific opinion that Earth's climate is being affected by human activities, Whitney claimed that in the past ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year." As evidence, Whitney stated "any 10-year-old can invalidate [the theses of climate scientists] with one of the simplest scientific devices known to man: a thermometer." Fact checker website PolitiFact.com ruled that, "There is an overwhelming consensus among respected scientists that human-caused global warming is real, and Whitney's supporting evidence falls flat. We rate this claim Pants on Fire."

text: On June 25, 2014, Lenar Whitney stated in a campaign video that human-caused

text: climate change

text: is "the greatest deception in the history of mankind."

text: Dismissing evidence

text: of

text: global warming

text: presented in

text: Al Gore

text: 's documentary

text: An Inconvenient Truth

text: and the

text: consensus of scientific opinion

text: that Earth's climate is being affected by human activities, Whitney claimed that in the past ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year." As evidence, Whitney stated "any 10-year-old can invalidate [the theses of climate scientists] with one of the simplest scientific devices known to man: a thermometer."

text: Fact checker

text: website

text: PolitiFact.com

text: ruled that, "There is an overwhelming consensus among respected scientists that human-caused global warming is real, and Whitney's supporting evidence falls flat. We rate this claim Pants on Fire."

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: there is an overwhelming consensus among respected scientists that human-caused global warming is real

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: human-caused global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What is a sunspot?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and global warming are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: a thermometer

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is the name of Whitney's campaign video?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: colder each year

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Whitney claimed that in the past ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: It will cause more extreme weather.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 5 C

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the past ten years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: get colder each year

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: "the greatest deception in the history of mankind."

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: ten years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Earth's climate is being affected by human activities,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: human-caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human activities,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: a thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: human-caused climate change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Pants on Fire."

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: human-caused global warming is real,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: simplest scientific devices known to man: a thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pants on Fire."

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Lenar Whitney

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: a thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Pants on Fire."

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: human-caused global warming is real,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: in the past ten years

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: thermometer."

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder each year."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ten years the planet "has done nothing but get colder each year."

text: On the day of publication, the ExxonMobil funded lobbying website Tech Central Station issued a press release headed "TCS Newsflash: Important Global Warming Study Audited -- Numerous Errors Found; New Research Reveals the UN IPCC 'Hockey Stick' Theory of Climate Change is Flawed" announcing that "Canadian business executive Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick have presented more evidence that the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record." In a Senate debate on 29 October, a day before the McCain-Lieberman bill vote, Senator Jim Inhofe misrepresented the claims made in the MM03 paper and said that it demonstrated high Medieval Warm Period temperatures in the 15th century (during the Little Ice Age). In attacking the MBH papers, he erroneously described Mann as being in charge of the IPCC. In the same debate, Senator Olympia Snowe used the hockey stick graph to demonstrate the reality of climate change. On the morning of the vote, USA Today carried an op-ed by Tech Central Station editor Nick Shulz saying that MM03 "upsets a key scientific claim about climate change", and that "Mann never made his data available online". The vote was 55–43 against the McCain-Lieberman bill. After Mann and associates showed the newspaper that the data was available online, as it had been for years, USA Today issued a correction on 13 November.

text: On the day of publication, the

text: ExxonMobil

text: funded lobbying website

text: Tech Central Station

text: issued a press release headed "TCS Newsflash: Important Global Warming Study Audited -- Numerous Errors Found; New Research Reveals the UN IPCC 'Hockey Stick' Theory of Climate Change is Flawed" announcing that "Canadian business executive Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick have presented more evidence that the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record." In a Senate debate on 29 October, a day before the

text: McCain-Lieberman bill

text: vote, Senator

text: Jim Inhofe

text: misrepresented the claims made in the MM03 paper and said that it demonstrated high

text: Medieval Warm Period

text: temperatures in the 15th century (during the

text: Little Ice Age

text: ). In attacking the MBH papers, he erroneously described Mann as being in charge of the

text: IPCC

text: . In the same debate, Senator

text: Olympia Snowe

text: used the hockey stick graph to demonstrate the reality of climate change. On the morning of the vote,

text: USA Today

text: carried an

text: op-ed

text: by

text: Tech Central Station

text: editor Nick Shulz saying that MM03 "upsets a key scientific claim about climate change", and that "Mann never made his data available online". The vote was 55–43 against the McCain-Lieberman bill. After Mann and associates showed the newspaper that the data was available online, as it had been for years, USA Today issued a correction on 13 November.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: How many years did the Little Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change, and global warming are all types of

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: ExxonMobil

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years did the Little Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: high Medieval Warm Period temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: during the Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What did Senator Olympia Snowe use to demonstrate the reality of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has the average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did Senator Olympia Snowe use the hockey stick graph to demonstrate

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years did the Little Ice Age last?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Hockey Stick

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The vote was 55–43

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 'Hockey Stick'

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: high Medieval Warm Period temperatures

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: high Medieval Warm Period temperatures

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: hockey stick graph to demonstrate the reality of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Medieval Warm Period

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: hockey stick

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record."

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: hockey stick graph to demonstrate the reality of climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 'Hockey Stick' Theory of Climate Change is Flawed"

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record."

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Little Ice Age).

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the 20th century wasn't the warmest on record."

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: Little Ice Age).

text: The hyperobject, a term Timothy Morton used in Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World, explains why it is so hard to write about climate change in fiction. Part of Morton's book's summary at Project MUSE states, "Moving fluidly between philosophy, science, literature, visual and conceptual art, and popular culture, the book argues that hyperobjects show that the end of the world has already occurred in the sense that concepts such as world, nature, and even environment are no longer a meaningful horizon against which human events take place. Instead of inhabiting a world, we find ourselves inside a number of hyperobjects, such as climate, nuclear weapons, evolution, or relativity. Such objects put unbearable strains on our normal ways of reasoning. Insisting that we have to reinvent how we think to even begin to comprehend the world we now live in, hyperobjects takes the first steps, outlining a genuinely postmodern ecological approach to thought and action."  For that reason, authors often take a fragment of a climate change to blow up in a story. An example of this is with Barbara Kingsolver's novel Flight Behavior, which is centered around a new winter habitat for Monarch butterflies, after their traditional habitat is destroyed by flooding due to climate change.

text: The

text: hyperobject

text: , a term

text: Timothy Morton

text: used in Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World, explains why it is so hard to write about climate change in fiction. Part of Morton's book's summary at Project MUSE states, "Moving fluidly between philosophy, science, literature, visual and conceptual art, and popular culture, the book argues that hyperobjects show that the end of the world has already occurred in the sense that concepts such as world, nature, and even environment are no longer a meaningful horizon against which human events take place. Instead of inhabiting a world, we find ourselves inside a number of hyperobjects, such as climate, nuclear weapons, evolution, or relativity. Such objects put unbearable strains on our normal ways of reasoning. Insisting that we have to reinvent how we think to even begin to comprehend the world we now live in, hyperobjects takes the first steps, outlining a genuinely postmodern ecological approach to thought and action."  For that reason, authors often take a fragment of a climate change to blow up in a story. An example of this is with Barbara Kingsolver's novel Flight Behavior, which is centered around a new winter habitat for Monarch butterflies, after their traditional habitat is destroyed by flooding due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the end of the world has already occurred

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are no longer a meaningful horizon

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What does the term hyperobjects mean?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Hyperobjects, put unbearable strains on our normal ways of reasoning

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: nuclear weapons

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nuclear weapons

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Why do authors often take a fragment of a climate change to blow up?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will cause weather to be more extreme?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: hyperobjects

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: hyperobjects

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: hyperobjects

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: the end of the world

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: inhabiting a world,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: End of the World,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Monarch butterflies,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: nuclear weapons,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: nuclear weapons,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: nuclear weapons, evolution, or relativity.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The hyperobject,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: flooding due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: the end of the world

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: The hyperobject,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Monarch butterflies,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: World,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: flooding due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: climate change to blow up in a story.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: World,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: flooding due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: evolution, or relativity.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: winter

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: climate,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: flooding due to climate change.

text: A rise in global temperatures is also predicted to correlate with an increase in global precipitation, but because of increased runoff, floods, increased rates of soil erosion, and mass movement of land, a decline in water quality is probable, while water will carry more nutrients, it will also carry more contaminants.  While most of the attention about climate change is directed towards global warming and greenhouse effect, some of the most severe effects of climate change are likely to be from changes in precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil moisture.  It is generally expected that, on average, global precipitation will increase, with some areas receiving increases and some decreases.

text: A rise in global temperatures is also predicted to correlate with an increase in global precipitation, but because of increased runoff, floods, increased rates of

text: soil erosion

text: , and mass movement of land, a decline in

text: water quality

text: is probable, while water will carry more nutrients, it will also carry more contaminants.  While most of the attention about climate change is directed towards global warming and

text: greenhouse effect

text: , some of the most severe effects of climate change are likely to be from changes in precipitation,

text: evapotranspiration

text: , runoff, and soil moisture.  It is generally expected that, on average, global precipitation will increase, with some areas receiving increases and some decreases.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global precipitation will increase

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of climate change: global warming, global precipitation, or soil moisture?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What are the most severe effects of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming, and greenhouse effect are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: global precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: What is a negative effect of an El Nio event?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global precipitation will increase, with some areas receiving increases and some decreases

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How often does La Nia occur?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What are the most severe effects of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: a decline in water quality

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How does climate change affect living things?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: a decline in water quality

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a negative effect of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: Evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: increase in global precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil moisture.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: increase in global precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: increased runoff, floods,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: increase in global precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: mass movement of land,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: increased runoff, floods,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: global precipitation will increase, with some areas receiving increases and some decreases.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: some of the most severe effects of climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: increases and some decreases.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: increase in global precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: increase in global precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: A rise in global temperatures

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evapotranspiration,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: some areas receiving increases and some decreases.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: A rise in global temperatures

text: The Storm Water Management Model Climate Adjustment Tool (SWMM-CAT) is a new addition to SWMM5 (December 2014).  It is a simple to use software utility that allows future climate change projections to be incorporated into the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). SWMM was recently updated to accept a set of monthly adjustment factors for each of these time series that could represent the impact of future changes in climatic conditions. SWMM-CAT provides a set of location-specific adjustments that derived from global climate change models run as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive (Figure 4).  SWMM-CAT is a utility that adds location-specific climate change adjustments to a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) project file. Adjustments can be applied on a monthly basis to air temperature, evaporation rates, and precipitation, as well as to the 24-hour design storm at different recurrence intervals. The source of these adjustments are global climate change models run as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive. Downscaled results from this archive were generated and converted into changes with respect to historical values by USEPA's CREAT project (http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/watersecurity/climate/creat.cfm).

text: The Storm Water Management Model

text: Climate Adjustment Tool

text: (SWMM-CAT) is a new addition to SWMM5 (December 2014).  It is a simple to use software utility that allows future climate change projections to be incorporated into the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). SWMM was recently updated to accept a set of monthly adjustment factors for each of these time series that could represent the impact of future changes in climatic conditions. SWMM-CAT provides a set of location-specific adjustments that derived from global climate change models run as part of the

text: World Climate Research Programme

text: (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive (Figure 4).  SWMM-CAT is a utility that adds location-specific climate change adjustments to a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) project file. Adjustments can be applied on a monthly basis to air temperature, evaporation rates, and precipitation, as well as to the 24-hour design storm at different recurrence intervals. The source of these adjustments are global climate change models run as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive. Downscaled results from this archive were generated and converted into changes with respect to historical values by USEPA's CREAT project (http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/watersecurity/climate/creat.cfm).

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the 24-hour design storm at different recurrence intervals

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: The source of these adjustments are global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a source of climate change: air temperature, evaporation rates, and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases are the primary sources of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: SWMM-CAT is a utility that adds location-specific climate change adjustments to a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) project file.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: evaporation rates, and precipitation

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: SWMM-CAT provides a set of location-specific adjustments

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: How does the Climate Adjustment Tool work?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years has average global temperature gone straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will happen to weather?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: The source of these adjustments are global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: What is the source of these adjustments?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many ice ages occurred over the past billion years?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Earths temperature was 5 C cooler than it is today.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The source of these adjustments are global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: The Medieval warm period

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global climate change projections

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: What is the main cause of recent global warming?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Greenhouse gases block sunlight and cool the planet

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The source of these adjustments are global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: CMIP3 archive

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: CMIP3 archive

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: CMIP3 archive

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The source of these adjustments are global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: CMIP3 archive

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: historical values

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: historical values

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: World Climate Research Programme

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change projections to be incorporated into the Storm Water Management Model

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: global climate change models

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Adjustments can be applied on a monthly basis to air temperature,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: changes in climatic conditions.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: changes in climatic conditions.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: future changes in climatic conditions.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Adjustments can be applied on a monthly basis to air temperature,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 24-hour design storm

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 2014).

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation rates, and precipitation,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: air temperature,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 24-hour design storm

text: Stott has been critical of terms like 'climate sceptic' and 'climate-change denier'; he believes in a distinction between the science of climate change and what he asserts is the Barthesian myth  of global warming, saying,

text: Stott has been critical of terms like 'climate sceptic' and 'climate-change denier'; he believes in a distinction between the science of climate change and what he asserts is the Barthesian myth  of

text: global warming

text: , saying,

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: global warming denier

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by the heat of the sun

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Barthesian myth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can cause a tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the ocean

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate-change denier

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: denier';

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Barthesian myth

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: Barthesian myth of global warming,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: global warming,

text: Calculating unimparied runoff is also extremely important in identifying long-term climate change impacts.  By subtracting the known human influences on a long-term hydrologic record, the records may still show signs of a long-term change.  These long-term signals are sometimes described as long-term climate change.  It is still possible that the long-term climate signal is caused by larger scale antropogenic sources.

text: Calculating unimparied runoff is also extremely important in identifying long-term

text: climate change

text: impacts.  By subtracting the known human influences on a long-term hydrologic record, the records may still show signs of a long-term change.  These long-term signals are sometimes described as long-term climate change.  It is still possible that the long-term climate signal is caused by larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the long-term climate signal is caused by larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: are a result of what?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: are caused by larger scale antropogenic sources

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term climate change impacts

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human influences

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can have a long-term impact on the climate

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate change?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: How can climate change be caused by larger scale antropogenic sources?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: large scale antropogenic sources

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term climate signal

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: long-term

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: human

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: human influences

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: These long-term signals are sometimes described as long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Calculating unimparied runoff

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: larger scale antropogenic sources.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: long-term climate change

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: runoff

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: long-term climate change.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: long-term climate change

text: Much of the original paleoecological research has focused on the last two million years (the Quaternary period), because older environments are less well represented in the fossil timeline of evolution. Indeed, many studies concentrate on the Holocene epoch (the last 11,500 years), or the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene epoch (the Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Würm glaciation of the ice age, from 50,000 to 11,500 years ago).  Such studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems. Many public policy decision-makers have pointed to the importance of using palaeoecological studies as a basis for choices made in conservation ecology.

text: Much of the original paleoecological research has focused on the last two million years (the

text: Quaternary

text: period), because older environments are less well represented in the fossil

entity_name: Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

text: timeline of evolution

text: . Indeed, many studies concentrate on the

text: Holocene

text: epoch (the last 11,500 years), or the last glacial stage of the

text: Pleistocene

text: epoch (the

text: Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Würm glaciation

text: of the

text: ice age

text: , from 50,000 to 11,500 years ago).  Such studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems. Many

text: public policy

text: decision-makers have pointed to the importance of using palaeoecological studies as a basis for choices made in

text: conservation ecology

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: the Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years ago did the glaciation of the ice age occur?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sunspot: sunspots, ice age, or glaciation?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: industrialization, and climate change are examples of what?

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: industrialization

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: Quaternary period

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can be used to reconstruct pre-industrialization ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: What is the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years ago did average global temperature go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What will global warming cause?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: what is the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 50,000 to 11,500 years ago

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: the Quaternary period

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: Holocene

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: glacial stage

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 11,500 years

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: two million years

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: palaeoecological studies

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Much of the original paleoecological research

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: ecosystem change and for reconstructing pre-industrialization ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: pre-industrialization

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: older environments are less well represented in the fossil timeline of evolution.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: Much of the original paleoecological research

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Such studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: Pleistocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Würm

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Such studies are useful for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem change

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: Holocene epoch

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: ice age,

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: ice age,

text: The material comprised more than 1,000 emails, 2,000 documents, as well as commented source code, pertaining to climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009. According to an analysis in The Guardian, the vast majority of the emails related to four climatologists: Phil Jones, the head of the CRU; Keith Briffa, a CRU climatologist specialising in tree ring analysis; Tim Osborn, a climate modeller at CRU; and Mike Hulme, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The four were either recipients or senders of all but 66 of the 1,073 emails, with most of the remainder of the emails being sent from mailing lists. A few other emails were sent by, or to, other staff at the CRU. Jones, Briffa, Osborn and Hulme had written high-profile scientific papers on climate change that had been cited in reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

text: The material comprised more than 1,000 emails, 2,000 documents, as well as

text: commented

text: source code

text: , pertaining to

text: climate change

text: research covering a period from 1996 until 2009. According to an analysis in

text: The Guardian

text: , the vast majority of the emails related to four climatologists:

text: Phil Jones

text: , the head of the CRU;

text: Keith Briffa

text: , a CRU climatologist specialising in tree ring analysis; Tim Osborn, a climate modeller at CRU; and

text: Mike Hulme

text: , director of the

text: Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research

text: . The four were either recipients or senders of all but 66 of the 1,073 emails, with most of the remainder of the emails being sent from mailing lists. A few other emails were sent by, or to, other staff at the CRU. Jones, Briffa, Osborn and Hulme had written high-profile scientific papers on climate change that had been cited in reports by the

text: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: Jones, Briffa, Osborn and Hulme had written high-profile scientific papers on climate change that had been cited in reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1996

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many emails were sent from mailing lists?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What type of research did the emails relate to?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Phil Jones, Keith Briffa

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: tree ring analysis

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many emails were sent from mailing lists?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tropical storm

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a climatologist: Phil Jones, Keith Briffa, Tim Osborn or Mike Hulme?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: average global temperature has gone straight up

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: What can change as continents shift position?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: What did Jones, Briffa and Osborn write?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: How many emails were sent by staff at the CRU?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: What may cause ocean currents to shift?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: climate modeller

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1996 until 2009

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: the vast majority of the emails related to four climatologists

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: tree ring analysis;

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: 66

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: tree ring analysis;

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: tree ring analysis;

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: 1996 until 2009.

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: tree ring analysis;

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: 1996 until 2009.

text: Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major ice ages. These consisting of glacial periods where conditions are colder than normal, separated by interglacial periods. The accumulation of snow and ice during a glacial period increases the surface albedo, reflecting more of the Sun's energy into space and maintaining a lower atmospheric temperature. Increases in greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature and produce an interglacial period. Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism.

text: Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major

text: ice age

text: s. These consisting of glacial periods where conditions are colder than normal, separated by

text: interglacial

text: periods. The accumulation of snow and ice during a glacial period increases the surface

text: albedo

text: , reflecting more of the Sun's energy into space and maintaining a lower atmospheric temperature. Increases in

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature and produce an interglacial period. Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the

text: continent

text: s, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: glacial periods where conditions are colder than normal

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: What can increase the global temperature and produce an interglacial period?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: What causes glacial periods?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The accumulation of snow and ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: in the southern hemisphere

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of glacial periods: positions of the continents, changes in the solar output, or volcanism?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many major ice ages has Earth undergone?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice age periods: the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, or volcanism?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of glacial periods: positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, or volcanism?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of glacial periods: position of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, or volcanism?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice age periods: positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, or volcanism?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How many major ice ages did Earth have?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice age periods?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: How many major ice ages has Earth undergone?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: interglacial periods

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: major ice ages

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Sun's energy into space

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: The accumulation of snow and ice

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: glacial period

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: ice age periods include the positions of the continents,

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: four

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: four major ice ages.

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: The accumulation of snow and ice

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: volcanism.

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: Increases in greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: interglacial periods.

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: volcanic activity,

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: increases the surface albedo,

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: colder

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: glacial periods

text: The Iowa Pleistocene snail was thought to be extinct until it was discovered in 1955 by a scientist working in northeastern Iowa. It was listed as endangered by the United States in 1978. The main cause of the snail's decline is climate change, as it is restricted to patches of cold habitat in warmer surroundings. The snail is considered a to be a relic of the ice age. About 75% of this snail’s original habitat has been destroyed since 1850. Other causes include loss of habitat to logging, quarrying, livestock, pesticides, the construction of roads, and predation by shrews.

text: The Iowa Pleistocene snail was thought to be extinct until it was discovered in 1955 by a scientist working in northeastern Iowa. It was listed as endangered by the United States in 1978. The main cause of the snail's decline is

text: climate change

text: , as it is restricted to patches of cold habitat in warmer surroundings. The snail is considered a to be a relic of the ice age. About 75% of this snail’s original habitat has been destroyed since 1850. Other causes include loss of habitat to

text: logging

text: quarry

text: ing,

text: livestock

text: pesticide

text: s, the construction of roads, and predation by

text: shrew

text: s.

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: The snail is considered a to be a relic of the ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1850

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: How many years after the discovery of the Iowa Pleistocene snail was it listed as endangered by the United States?

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline: climate change, livestock, pesticides, or predation by shrews?

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: logging, quarrying, livestock, pesticides, the construction of roads, and predation by shrews

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: pesticides

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: How many years after the snail was discovered was it listed as endangered?

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: the snail's decline

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: How many years after the snail was discovered?

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: How many years did it take for average global temperature to go straight up?

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline, as it is restricted to patches of cold habitat in warmer surroundings?

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: How many years after the snail was discovered was it discovered?

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: How many years after it was discovered was it listed as endangered?

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: How many years after the snail was discovered was it listed as endangered by the United States?

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: How many years after the snail was discovered was it listed as endangered by the United States?

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: How would the snail's decline be prevented?

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001290

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001291

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the snail's decline?

answers: NDQ_001292

answers: The main cause of the snail's decline is climate change

answers: NDQ_001293

answers: no

answers: NDQ_001294

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001295

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001296

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_001297

answers: The main cause of the snail's decline is climate change

answers: NDQ_001298

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_001253

answers: a relic of the ice age.

answers: NDQ_001254

answers: 75% of this snail’s original habitat has been destroyed since 1850.

answers: NDQ_001255

answers: 1850.

answers: NDQ_001256

answers: pesticides,

answers: NDQ_001258

answers: The Iowa Pleistocene snail

answers: NDQ_001259

answers: logging, quarrying, livestock, pesticides,

answers: NDQ_001260

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001261

answers: predation by shrews.

answers: NDQ_001262

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001264

answers: warmer surroundings.

answers: NDQ_001265

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001273

answers: warmer surroundings.

answers: NDQ_001275

answers: The Iowa Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_001278

answers: climate change, as it is restricted to patches of cold habitat in warmer surroundings.

answers: NDQ_001280

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001281

answers: 1978.

answers: NDQ_001282

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001283

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001284

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001285

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001286

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_001287

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_001288

answers: The Iowa Pleistocene snail

answers: NDQ_001289

answers: climate change,