text: The circulatory system of the horse consists of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

text: The circulatory system of the horse consists of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

method: UvABottomUpChangeOrder

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system of the horse?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the circulatory system of the horse?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the horse's circulatory system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the horse's circulatory system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the horse's circulatory system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The circulatory system of the horse consists of the heart, blood vessels and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does the horse's circulatory system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart, the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The circulatory system of the horse consists of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: horse

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The circulatory system of the horse

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart, the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The circulatory system of the horse

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The circulatory system of the horse

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: horse consists of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

text: Cocaine dependence is a psychological desire to use cocaine regularly. Cocaine overdose may result in cardiovascular and brain damage, such as: constricting blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes and constricting arteries in the heart; causing heart attacks.

text: Cocaine dependence is a psychological desire to use

entity_name: Cocaine

text: cocaine

text: regularly. Cocaine overdose may result in cardiovascular and

entity_name: Brain damage

text: brain damage

text: , such as:

entity_name: Vasoconstriction

text: constricting blood vessels

text: in the brain, causing

entity_name: Stroke

text: stroke

text: s and constricting arteries in the heart; causing

entity_name: Myocardial infarction

text: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cocaine overdose

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: atria, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for veins to have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, strokes or brain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not caused by cocaine overdose: constricting blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes and constricting arteries in the heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cocaine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: constricting blood vessels in the brain

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or brain?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the brain, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attacks.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries in the heart;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cocaine overdose

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cocaine overdose

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cocaine overdose

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cocaine

text: Kingdom Hearts was followed by several sequels, becoming the first game in the Kingdom Hearts series. It was followed by a direct sequel, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, on the Nintendo Game Boy Advance, which was released in Japan on November 11, 2004. Kingdom Hearts II is the third game in the series, set one year after Chain of Memories, and was released in Japan on December 22, 2005 for Sony PlayStation 2. Like the first game it was re-released as Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix alongside a PS2 remake of Chain of Memories. A Kingdom Hearts game was developed exclusively for V CAST, Verizon Wireless's broadband service, and was released on October 1, 2004 in Japan and on February 4, 2005 in the United States. In November 2008, Kingdom Hearts coded was released for mobile phones in Japan, the game takes place after the events of Kingdom Hearts II. A followup, Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days, was developed for the Nintendo DS and released in Japan on May 30, 2009 and in North America on September 29, 2009. A prequel was released in Japan on January 9, 2010, entitled Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, for the PlayStation Portable, which takes place 10 years before the events of Kingdom Hearts. The following title in the series was Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance for the Nintendo 3DS, released in 2012. At E3 2013, Kingdom Hearts III was announced to be in development for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

text: Kingdom Hearts was followed by several sequels, becoming the first game in the Kingdom Hearts series. It was followed by a direct sequel,

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories

text: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories

text: , on the Nintendo

entity_name: Game Boy Advance

text: Game Boy Advance

text: , which was released in Japan on November 11, 2004.

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts II

text: Kingdom Hearts II

text: is the third game in the series, set one year after Chain of Memories, and was released in Japan on December 22, 2005 for Sony PlayStation 2. Like the first game it was re-released as Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix alongside a PS2 remake of Chain of Memories. A Kingdom Hearts game was developed exclusively for

text: V CAST

entity_name: Verizon Wireless

text: Verizon Wireless

text: 's broadband service, and was released on October 1, 2004 in Japan and on February 4, 2005 in the United States. In November 2008,

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts Coded

text: Kingdom Hearts coded

text: was released for mobile phones in Japan, the game takes place after the events of Kingdom Hearts II. A followup,

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days

text: Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days

text: , was developed for the

entity_name: Nintendo DS

text: Nintendo DS

text: and released in Japan on May 30, 2009 and in North America on September 29, 2009. A prequel was released in Japan on January 9, 2010, entitled

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

text: Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

text: , for the

entity_name: PlayStation Portable

text: PlayStation Portable

text: , which takes place 10 years before the events of Kingdom Hearts. The following title in the series was

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance

text: Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance

text: for the

entity_name: Nintendo 3DS

text: Nintendo 3DS

text: , released in 2012. At

entity_name: Electronic Entertainment Expo 2013

text: E3 2013

entity_name: Kingdom Hearts III

text: Kingdom Hearts III

text: was announced to be in development for the

entity_name: PlayStation 4

text: PlayStation 4

text: and

entity_name: Xbox One

text: Xbox One

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Chain of Memories

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the first game in the Kingdom Hearts series

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How many sequels were there in the Kingdom Hearts series?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the first game in the Kingdom Hearts series?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Kingdom Hearts

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: V CAST

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Kingdom Hearts coded was released for mobile phones in Japan

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Dream Drop Distance

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Sleep,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Sleep,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Verizon Wireless's broadband service,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Sleep,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Kingdom Hearts III

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Sleep,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Kingdom Hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories,

text: In some congenital heart defects (such as in transposition of the great vessels) a PDA may need to remain open, as it is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood. In these cases, prostaglandins are used to keep the DA open until surgical correction of the heart defect is completed.

text: In some congenital heart defects (such as in

entity_name: Transposition of the great vessels

text: transposition of the great vessels

text: ) a PDA may need to remain open, as it is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood. In these cases,

entity_name: Prostaglandin

text: prostaglandin

text: s are used to keep the DA open until surgical correction of the heart defect is completed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart: the ventricles, the atria, or the great vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart defects

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: In some congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: In some congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart defects

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: PDA

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: In some congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In some congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: In some congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: open,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: In some congenital heart defects

text: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in year 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of biomedical research, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis.

text: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949 by

entity_name: Jerry Morris

text: Jerry Morris

text: using occupational health data and were published in year 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of

entity_name: Medical research

text: biomedical research

text: , with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: occupational health

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a form of cardiovascular disease: Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: occupational health

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease

text: In ischemic cardiomyopathy, blood flow to the muscle cells of the heart is either partially or completely reduced, leading to cell death and scar tissue formation. Because the muscle cells are replaced with fibrous tissue, the heart loses its ability to contract, compromising heart function. Normally, if blood flow to the heart is compromised, over time, new blood vessels will develop, providing alternative circulation to the affected cells. The viability of the heart following severely restricted blood flow is dependent on the ability of the heart to provide this collateral circulation. Expression of VEGF-A has been found to be induced by myocardial ischemia and a higher level of expression of VEGF-A has been associated with better collateral circulation development during ischemia.

text: In ischemic

entity_name: Cardiomyopathy

text: cardiomyopathy

text: , blood flow to the muscle cells of the heart is either partially or completely reduced, leading to cell death and scar tissue formation. Because the muscle cells are replaced with fibrous tissue, the heart loses its ability to contract, compromising heart function. Normally, if blood flow to the heart is compromised, over time, new blood vessels will develop, providing alternative circulation to the affected cells. The viability of the heart following severely restricted blood flow is dependent on the ability of the heart to provide this collateral circulation. Expression of VEGF-A has been found to be induced by myocardial ischemia and a higher level of expression of VEGF-A has been associated with better collateral circulation development during ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: higher level of expression of VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which muscle cells are replaced with fibrous tissue, the heart loses its ability to contract?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries, or muscle cells?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a result of ischemic cardiomyopathy?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of VEGF-A?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fibrous tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, muscle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the heart lose its ability to contract?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic cardiomyopathy,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: collateral circulation.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic cardiomyopathy,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fibrous tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: new blood vessels will develop, providing alternative circulation to the affected cells.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: collateral circulation.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: providing alternative circulation to the affected cells.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ischemic cardiomyopathy,

text: The postganglionic axons of the SCG innervate blood vessels in the skin and cause the vessels to constrict. Constriction of the blood vessels causes a decrease in blood flow to the skin leading to paling of the skin and retention of body heat. This plays into the fight-or-flight response, decreasing blood flow to facial skin and redirecting the blood to more important areas like the blood vessels of muscles.

text: The postganglionic axons of the SCG innervate blood vessels in the skin and cause the vessels to constrict. Constriction of the blood vessels causes a decrease in blood flow to the skin leading to paling of the skin and retention of body heat. This plays into the fight-or-flight response, decreasing blood flow to facial skin and redirecting the blood to more important areas like the blood vessels of muscles.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels of muscles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels of muscles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sedentary lifestyle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: postganglionic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: the atria, the ventricles, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or muscles?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: axons

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: constricted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: SCG

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow to facial skin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not true of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: decrease in blood flow

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: postganglionic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: postganglionic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: postganglionic axons

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels of muscles.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: decrease in blood flow to the skin

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels of muscles.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: SCG

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in the skin and cause the vessels to constrict.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Constriction of the blood vessels causes a decrease in blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The postganglionic axons of the SCG

text: AF can cause respiratory distress due to congestion in the lungs. By definition, the heart rate will be greater than 100 beats per minute. Blood pressure may be variable, and often difficult to measure as the beat-by-beat variability causes problems for most digital (oscillometric) non-invasive blood pressure monitors. For this reason, when determining heart rate in AF, direct cardiac auscultation is recommended. Low blood pressure is most concerning and a sign that immediate treatment is required. Many of the symptoms associated with uncontrolled atrial fibrillation are a manifestation of congestive heart failure due to the reduced cardiac output. Respiratory rate will be increased in the presence of respiratory distress. Pulse oximetry may confirm the presence of hypoxia related to any precipitating factors such as pneumonia. Examination of the jugular veins may reveal elevated pressure (jugular venous distention). Lung exam may reveal crackles, which are suggestive of pulmonary edema. Heart exam will reveal a rapid irregular rhythm.

text: AF can cause

entity_name: Respiratory distress

text: respiratory distress

text: due to congestion in the lungs. By definition, the heart rate will be

entity_name: Tachycardia

text: greater than 100 beats per minute

text: . Blood pressure may be variable, and often difficult to measure as the beat-by-beat variability causes problems for most digital (oscillometric)

entity_name: Sphygmomanometer

text: non-invasive blood pressure

text: monitors. For this reason, when determining heart rate in AF, direct cardiac auscultation is recommended.

entity_name: Hypotension

text: Low blood pressure

text: is most concerning and a sign that immediate treatment is required. Many of the symptoms associated with uncontrolled atrial fibrillation are a manifestation of congestive heart failure due to the reduced cardiac output. Respiratory rate will be increased in the presence of respiratory distress. Pulse oximetry may confirm the presence of

entity_name: Hypoxia (medical)

text: hypoxia

text: related to any precipitating factors such as

entity_name: Pneumonia

text: pneumonia

text: . Examination of the

entity_name: Jugular vein

text: jugular veins

text: may reveal elevated

entity_name: Jugular venous pressure

text: pressure

text: (jugular venous distention). Lung exam may reveal crackles, which are suggestive of

entity_name: Pulmonary edema

text: pulmonary edema

text: . Heart exam will reveal a rapid irregular rhythm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: jugular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atrial fibrillation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a sign of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the jugular veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: What can cause respiratory distress?

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: how many beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Pulse oximetry

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: jugular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a artery: atria, or vena cava?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of atrial fibrillation?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or jugular veins?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, jugular veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What can cause respiratory distress due to congestion in the lungs?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pneumonia.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (jugular venous

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (jugular venous distention).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atrial fibrillation

text: Importantly, the damaging effects of diesel fuel pollution appears to go significantly beyond playing a synergistic role in the development of asthma.  Recent research suggests that exposure to a combination of microscopic diesel fuel particles among people with high blood cholesterol (i.e., low-density lipoprotein, LDL or "bad cholesterol") increases the risk for both heart attack and stroke significantly above levels found among those exposed to only one of these health risks.  According to André Nel, Chief of Nanomedicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA who led the study of duel exposure, "When you add one plus one, it normally totals two…  But we found that adding diesel particles to cholesterol fats equals three. Their combination creates a dangerous synergy that wreaks cardiovascular havoc far beyond what's caused by the diesel or cholesterol alone."  The synergy begins when free radical molecules that are attached to diesel exhaust particles enter the body through the lungs and pass into the circulatory system.  Another source of free radicals is the fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, which produce free radicals during cell metabolism.  Free radical molecules are highly unstable because they have an odd number of electrons in their outer ring.  As a result, they react quickly with other compounds in order to "steal" an electron and gain stability.  When the "victimized" molecule loses its electron, it, in turn, becomes a free radical and a chain reaction called oxidation is produced that is known to be damaging to living cells and tissues.  Of interest to the Los Angeles research team was the consequences of both sources of free radical production coming into contact.  Experimentation revealed that the two mechanisms worked in tandem to stimulate genes that promote cell inflammation, a primary risk for hardening and blockage of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and, as narrowed arteries collect cholesterol deposits and trigger blood clots, for heart attacks and strokes as well.  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries.

entity_name: Atherosclerosis

text: atherosclerosis

text: ) and, as narrowed arteries collect cholesterol deposits and trigger blood clots, for

text: heart attacks

text: and

text: strokes

text: as well.  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, which produce free radicals during cell metabolism?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does the synergy begin when free radical molecules that are attached to diesel exhaust particles enter the body through the lungs and pass into the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the synergy begin when free radical molecules that are attached to diesel exhaust particles enter the body through the lungs

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, or "bad cholesterol?"

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, free radicals?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: LDL cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: LDL cholesterol or free radicals?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, LDL or "bad cholesterol"?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, LDL or "bad cholesterol?"

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free radicals: fatty acids that comprise LDL cholesterol, free radicals, or oxidation?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: what is the leading cause of death in developed countries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Free radical molecules

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cell inflammation,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: LDL cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: LDL cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lungs and pass into the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: LDL cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Free radical molecules

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: free radical molecules

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Free radical molecules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (atherosclerosis) and, as narrowed arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: radicals during cell metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: narrowed arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: narrowed arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: DL cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lungs and pass into the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: LDL cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cell inflammation,

text: A high level of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia) makes a person more prone to endothelial cell injury, which leads to inflammation in the blood vessels, which in turn may lead to atherogenesis, which can result in ischemic injury. Hyperhomocysteinemia is therefore a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque blocks blood flow to the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

text: A high level of homocysteine in the blood (

entity_name: Hyperhomocysteinemia

text: hyperhomocysteinemia

text: ) makes a person more prone to

entity_name: Endothelium

text: endothelial cell

text: injury, which leads to

entity_name: Inflammation

text: inflammation

text: in the blood vessels, which in turn may lead to

text: atherogenesis

text: , which can result in

entity_name: Ischemia

text: ischemic injury

text: . Hyperhomocysteinemia is therefore a possible risk factor for

entity_name: Coronary artery disease

text: coronary artery disease

text: . Coronary artery disease occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque blocks blood flow to the

entity_name: Coronary circulation

text: coronary arteries

text: , which supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic injury

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hyperhomocysteinemia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does hyperhomocysteinemia make a person more prone to?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does hyperhomocysteinemia make a person more prone to

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of inflammation in the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cell injury

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What does hyperhomocysteinemia make a person more prone to

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary arteries, aorta, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does hyperhomocysteinemia make a person more prone to?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hyperhomocysteinemia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: A high level of homocysteine

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: A high level of homocysteine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cell

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A high level of homocysteine

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: A high level of homocysteine

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerotic plaque

text: Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a type of gentle massage which is intended to encourage the natural drainage of the lymph, which carries waste products away from the tissues back toward the heart. The lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels (peristalsis) and the movement of skeletal muscles to propel lymph through the vessels to lymph nodes and then to the lymph ducts which return lymph to the cardiovascular system. Manual lymph drainage uses a specific amount of pressure (less than 9 ounces per square inch or about 4 kPa) and rhythmic circular movements to stimulate lymph flow.

text: Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a type of gentle

entity_name: Massage

text: massage

text: which is intended to encourage the natural drainage of the

text: lymph

text: , which carries waste products away from the tissues back toward the heart. The lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels (

text: peristalsis

text: ) and the movement of

text: skeletal muscles

text: to propel lymph through the vessels to

text: lymph nodes

text: and then to the lymph ducts which return lymph to the cardiovascular system. Manual lymph drainage uses a specific amount of pressure (less than 9 ounces per square inch or about 4 kPa) and rhythmic circular movements to stimulate lymph flow.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the lymph system depend on?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of lymphatic drainage?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of Manual lymphatic drainage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The lymphatic system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of gentle massage which is intended to encourage the natural drainage of the lymph?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (peristalsis)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymph nodes

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (peristalsis)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: waste products

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (peristalsis)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymph nodes and then to the lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: waste products away from the tissues back toward the heart.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (peristalsis)

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph nodes and then to the lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart. The lymph system depends on intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph nodes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymph nodes and then to the lymph ducts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Manual lymphatic drainage

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymph ducts which return lymph to the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymph,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contractions of the smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Manual lymphatic drainage

text: In the mid to late 1970s numerous cardiovascular programs were competing to find a way to extend life for those with inoperable end-stage cardiovascular disease.  Bernhard began his breakthrough work at Boston Children's Hospital as one of the principal clinical investigators of the development of temporary heart assist devices.  His work changed the development of research into heart assist devices when the Nation Heart Lung and Blood Institute was preparing to cancel all related research.  At an American Heart Association meeting in November 1978 he announced that two people had survived for several days with the left ventricular heart assist device  Ventricular Assist Device before being weaned off the device. In 1987, after ten years of continued work, Bernhard went on to work to develop a left ventricular heart pump, manufactured by Thermedics, Inc. of Woburn, MA an affiliated company of Thermo Electron Corporation with funding by the National, Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health.  This research opened pathways to survival for severely ill cardiovascular patients.The early part of Bernhard's career was spent in surgical service to children with severe heart disorders.  Bernhard performed most of his surgery at Children’s Hospital in Boston where he treated children and adolescents from 1960 until his retirement. Bernhard’s work included the development of ground breaking surgical techniques for the heart and the first successfully implanted LVAD device (see Ventricular Assist Device) manufactured while working with a group of scientists from Thermedics, Inc. of Woburn, MA.

text: In the mid to late 1970s numerous cardiovascular programs were competing to find a way to extend life for those with inoperable end-stage cardiovascular disease.  Bernhard began his breakthrough work at

text: Boston Children's Hospital

text: as one of the principal clinical investigators of the development of temporary heart assist devices.  His work changed the development of research into heart assist devices when the Nation Heart Lung and Blood Institute was preparing to cancel all related research.  At an American Heart Association meeting in November 1978 he announced that two people had survived for several days with the left ventricular heart assist device

text: Ventricular Assist Device

text: before being weaned off the device. In 1987, after ten years of continued work, Bernhard went on to work to develop a left ventricular heart pump, manufactured by Thermedics, Inc. of Woburn, MA an affiliated company of Thermo Electron Corporation with funding by the National, Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health.  This research opened pathways to survival for severely ill cardiovascular patients.The early part of Bernhard's career was spent in surgical service to children with severe heart disorders.  Bernhard performed most of his surgery at Children’s Hospital in Boston where he treated children and adolescents from 1960 until his retirement. Bernhard’s work included the development of ground breaking surgical techniques for the heart and the first successfully implanted LVAD device (see

text: Ventricular Assist Device

text: ) manufactured while working with a group of scientists from Thermedics, Inc. of Woburn, MA.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: end-stage cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: children and adolescents

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a group of scientists: Thermedics, Inc., Woburn, MA, or Thermo Electron Corporation?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart pump: Ventricular Assist Device or Thermedics, Inc.?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left ventricular heart pump carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Bernhard's work include?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Thermedics

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: What is the main topic of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Ventricular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart pump: Ventricular Assist Device or left ventricular?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lungs, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: end-stage cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: children with severe heart disorders.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricular heart assist device Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: left ventricular heart assist device Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: left ventricular heart assist device Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: ventricular heart assist device Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: left ventricular heart assist device Ventricular Assist Device

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart assist devices.

text: A baffle is a tunnel or wall artificially constructed within the heart or great vessels for the purpose of redirecting blood flow in cases of congenital heart defects.

text: A baffle is a tunnel or wall

text: artificial

text: ly constructed within the

text: heart

text: or

text: great vessels

text: for the purpose of redirecting blood flow in cases of

text: congenital heart defect

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a baffle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does a baffle redirect?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of a baffle?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the wall of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have walls.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left and the second is the right.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate or constrict?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart defects.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: baffle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defects.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defects.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: baffle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: baffle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baffle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: baffle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: A baffle

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: A baffle

text: The pulse or heart rate is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries. Its rate is usually measured either at the wrist or the ankle and is recorded as beats per minute. The pulse commonly taken is from the radial artery at the wrist. Sometimes the pulse cannot be taken at the wrist and is taken at the elbow (brachial artery), at the neck against the carotid artery (carotid pulse), behind the knee (popliteal artery), or in the foot dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries. The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the heartbeat using a stethoscope. The pulse varies with age. A newborn or infant can have a heart rate of about 130–150 beats per minute. A toddler's heart will beat about 100–120 times per minute, an older child's heartbeat is around 60–100 beats per minute, adolescents around 80–100 beats per minute, and adults' pulse rate is anywhere between 50 and 80 beats per minute.

text: The pulse or heart rate is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries. Its rate is usually measured either at the wrist or the ankle and is recorded as beats per minute. The pulse commonly taken is from the

text: radial artery

text: at the wrist. Sometimes the pulse cannot be taken at the wrist and is taken at the elbow (

text: brachial artery

text: ), at the neck against the

text: carotid artery

text: carotid pulse

text: ), behind the knee (

text: popliteal artery

text: ), or in the foot

text: dorsalis pedis

text: or

text: posterior tibial arteries

text: . The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the

text: heartbeat

text: using a

text: stethoscope

text: . The pulse varies with age. A

text: newborn

text: or

text: infant

text: can have a heart rate of about 130–150 beats per minute. A

text: toddler

text: 's heart will beat about 100–120 times per minute, an older child's

text: heartbeat

text: is around 60–100 beats per minute,

text: adolescents

text: around 80–100 beats per minute, and adults' pulse rate is anywhere between 50 and 80 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: radial artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: carotid artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: beats per minute. A newborn or infant can have a heart rate of about 130–150 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the heart pump blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Popliteal artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: popliteal artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not pump blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: radial artery at the wrist

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: radial artery, at the elbow, or popliteal artery?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (popliteal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: radial artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: radial artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (popliteal

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: carotid artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (popliteal

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulse

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulse or heart rate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (popliteal artery),

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The pulse or heart rate

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 130–150 beats per minute.

text: When a change of blood pH is detected by chemoreceptors or a change of blood pressure is detected by stretch receptors in aortic and carotid bodies, the cardiovascular centre affects changes to the heart rate by sending nerve impulse to pacemaker (or SA node) via sympathetic fibres (to cause faster and stronger cardiac muscle contraction) and the vagus nerve (to cause slower and less strong cardiac muscle contraction). The cardiovascular centre also increases the stroke volume of the heart (that is, the amount of blood it pumps). These two changes help to regulate the cardiac output, so that a sufficient amount of blood reaches tissue.

text: When a change of blood

text: pH

text: is detected by

text: chemoreceptors

text: or a change of

text: blood pressure

text: is detected by

text: stretch receptor

text: s in

text: aortic

text: and

text: carotid

text: bodies, the cardiovascular centre affects changes to the heart rate by sending

text: nerve impulse

text: to

text: pacemaker

text: (or

text: SA node

text: ) via

text: sympathetic

text: fibres (to cause faster and stronger

text: cardiac muscle

text: contraction) and the

text: vagus nerve

text: (to cause slower and less strong cardiac muscle contraction). The cardiovascular centre also increases the stroke volume of the heart (that is, the amount of blood it pumps). These two changes help to regulate the

text: cardiac output

text: , so that a sufficient amount of blood reaches tissue.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vagus

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pH

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vagus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: SA node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which cardiac muscle contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the cardiovascular centre increase the stroke volume of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the cardiovascular centre do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: stroke volume

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: chemoreceptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a sufficient amount of blood reaches tissue

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: via sympathetic fibres and the vagus nerve

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tissue.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vagus

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: change of blood pH

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic fibres

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: sympathetic fibres

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: stroke volume of the heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tissue.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nerve impulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tissue.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: tissue.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic fibres

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stroke volume of the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: regulate the cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aortic and carotid bodies,

text: Conditioning of the shoulder area involves full body exercises through a full range of motion. Exercises that are light to moderate activity over a 30-60 minute time period should increase cardiac output, which in-turn helps carry more oxygen saturated blood throughout the body. Regular running or an upper body ergometer are examples of full body exercise to increase cardiovascular endurance for proper conditioning. The more blood that the heart can pump throughout the body helps endurance performance by supplying the body with more nutrients and oxygen for a prolonged period of time. In addition to conditioning the heart; a good dynamic warm-up, particular to a sport, should be in place to help prevent shoulder injury.  Dynamic warm ups for upper and lower body can be considered a form of conditioning.  The athlete can stretch and perform small movements in multiple directions to increase neurovascular response which satisfies dynamic warm ups. The increase in blood flow and neurological feedback will help with physiological and mechanical components for sport performance. This also helps with the exchange of oxygen from the blood to the tissues and synapses of the neurons happening quicker which leads to enhanced performance.

text: Conditioning of the shoulder area involves full body exercises through a full range of motion. Exercises that are light to moderate activity over a 30-60 minute time period should increase

text: cardiac output

text: , which in-turn helps carry more oxygen saturated blood throughout the body. Regular running or an upper body ergometer are examples of full body exercise to increase cardiovascular endurance for proper conditioning. The more blood that the heart can pump throughout the body helps endurance performance by supplying the body with more nutrients and oxygen for a prolonged period of time. In addition to conditioning the heart; a good dynamic warm-up, particular to a sport, should be in place to help prevent shoulder injury.  Dynamic warm ups for upper and lower body can be considered a form of conditioning.  The athlete can stretch and perform small movements in multiple directions to increase neurovascular response which satisfies dynamic warm ups. The increase in blood flow and neurological feedback will help with physiological and mechanical components for sport performance. This also helps with the exchange of oxygen from the blood to the tissues and synapses of the neurons happening quicker which leads to enhanced performance.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sedentary

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: synapses

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not an example of full body exercise to increase cardiovascular endurance?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of full body exercises?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the exchange of oxygen from the blood to the tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: neurovascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: throughout the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: injury.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: shoulder injury.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neurovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: upper body ergometer

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen saturated blood throughout the body.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen saturated blood throughout the body.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: dynamic warm-up,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: neurovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: upper body ergometer

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen saturated blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: upper body ergometer

text: Cerebral blood flow is determined by a number of factors, such as viscosity of blood, how dilated blood vessels are, and the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain, known as cerebral perfusion pressure, which is determined by the body's blood pressure. Cerebral blood vessels are able to change the flow of blood through them by altering their diameters in a process called autoregulation; they constrict when systemic blood pressure is raised and dilate when it is lowered. Arterioles also constrict and dilate in response to different chemical concentrations. For example, they dilate in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and constrict to lower levels of carbon dioxide.

text: Cerebral blood flow is determined by a number of factors, such as

text: viscosity

text: of blood, how dilated

text: blood vessel

text: s are, and the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain, known as

text: cerebral perfusion pressure

text: , which is determined by the body's

text: blood pressure

text: . Cerebral blood vessels are able to change the flow of blood through them by altering their diameters in a process called

text: autoregulation

text: ; they constrict when systemic blood pressure is raised and dilate when it is lowered. Arterioles also constrict and dilate in response to different chemical concentrations. For example, they dilate in response to higher levels of

text: carbon dioxide

text: in the blood and constrict to lower levels of carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: systemic blood pressure is raised

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a chemical concentration: higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood or lower levels of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cerebral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they constrict when systemic blood pressure is raised and dilate when it is lowered

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: when systemic blood pressure is raised

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: autoregulation;

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: autoregulation; they constrict when systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: viscosity of blood, how dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cerebral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: autoregulation;

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: autoregulation;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: autoregulation;

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: autoregulation;

text: The prognosis for pulmonary atresia varies for every child,  if the condition is left uncorrected it may be fatal, but the prognosis has greatly improved over the years for those with pulmonary atresia.  Some factors that affect how well the child does include how well the heart is beating, and the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart.  Most cases of pulmonary atresia can be helped with surgery,  if the patient's right ventricle is exceptionally small, many surgeries will be needed in order to help stimulate normal circulation of blood to the heart.If uncorrected, babies with this type of congenital heart disease may only survive for the first few days of life. Many children with pulmonary atresia will go on to lead normal lives, though complications such as endocarditis, stroke and seizures are possible.

text: The prognosis for pulmonary atresia varies for every child,  if the condition is left uncorrected it may be fatal, but the prognosis has greatly improved over the years for those with pulmonary atresia.  Some factors that affect how well the child does include how well the heart is beating, and the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart.  Most cases of pulmonary atresia can be helped with surgery,  if the patient's

text: right ventricle

text: is exceptionally small, many surgeries will be needed in order to help stimulate normal circulation of blood to the heart.If uncorrected, babies with this type of

text: congenital heart disease

text: may only survive for the first few days of life. Many children with pulmonary atresia will go on to lead normal lives, though complications such as

text: endocarditis

text: stroke

text: and

text: seizures

text: are possible.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: endocarditis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: supply the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: endocarditis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: congenital heart disease, stroke or congenital heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of pulmonary atresia?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of what?

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: __.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The prognosis for pulmonary atresia varies for every child

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary atresia, right ventricle or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: endocarditis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.If

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: endocarditis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary atresia

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary atresia can be helped with surgery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.If

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: surgery, if the patient's right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: supply the heart.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fatal,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary atresia varies for every child,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary atresia

text: One of the first recommended roles of a polypill was as a means of providing recommended medications to people with heart disease, stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Most cardiovascular disease patients do not receive recommended medications long-term: the proportion of cardiovascular disease patients not receiving a statin, aspirin and blood pressure lowering medication long-term ranges from about 50% in high income countries to over 90% in low income countries. In 2001, a World Health Organisation and The Wellcome Trust meeting of experts to discuss interventions for non-communicable diseases noted “the use of a single pill could well encourage patients to adhere to treatment as well as seriously reduce the cost of the drugs” A programme of research was outlined, including stability and bio-availability testing followed by assessment of short-term effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, platelet aggregation, safety and side effects. In 2002, the World Health Organisation Annual Report outlined the substantial potential public health impact and cost-effectiveness of scaling up access to combination cardiovascular treatment and an editorial in The Lancet noted that a four component combination pill would reduce cardiovascular risk by about 75% among people with vascular disease.

text: One of the first recommended roles of a polypill was as a means of providing recommended medications to people with heart disease, stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Most cardiovascular disease patients do not receive recommended medications long-term: the proportion of cardiovascular disease patients not receiving a statin, aspirin and blood pressure lowering medication long-term ranges from about 50% in high income countries to over 90% in low income countries. In 2001, a World Health Organisation and The Wellcome Trust meeting of experts to discuss interventions for non-communicable diseases noted “the use of a single pill could well encourage patients to adhere to treatment as well as seriously reduce the cost of the drugs” A programme of research was outlined, including stability and bio-availability testing followed by assessment of short-term effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, platelet aggregation, safety and side effects. In 2002, the World Health Organisation Annual Report outlined the substantial potential public health impact and cost-effectiveness of scaling up access to combination cardiovascular treatment and an editorial in The Lancet noted that a four component combination pill would reduce cardiovascular risk by about 75% among people with vascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high income countries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease: heart disease, stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a form of cardiovascular disease: heart disease, stroke or vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a form of cardiovascular disease: heart disease, stroke or vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure lowering medication

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure lowering medication long-term

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a form of cardiovascular disease: stroke or heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the first recommended roles of a polypill

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or stroke?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure, cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 50% in high income countries to over 90% in low income countries.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: One of the first recommended roles of a polypill

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelet aggregation,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart disease, stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: polypill

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: platelet aggregation,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: stroke and other forms of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 50% in high income countries to over 90% in low income countries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol,

text: Diltiazem has negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. This means diltiazem causes a decrease in heart muscle contractility – how strong the beat is, lowering of heart rate – due to slowing of the sinoatrial node, and a slowing of conduction through the atrioventricular node – increasing the time needed for each beat. Each of these effects results in reduced oxygen consumption by the heart, reducing angina symptoms. These effects also reduce blood pressure by causing less blood to be pumped out.

text: Diltiazem has negative

text: inotropic

text: chronotropic

text: , and

text: dromotropic

text: effects. This means diltiazem causes a decrease in heart muscle contractility – how strong the beat is, lowering of heart rate – due to slowing of the sinoatrial node, and a slowing of conduction through the atrioventricular node – increasing the time needed for each beat. Each of these effects results in reduced oxygen consumption by the heart, reducing angina symptoms. These effects also reduce blood pressure by causing less blood to be pumped out.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of node: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: heart muscle, sinoatrial node, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of node: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or atrioventricular?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of diltiazem?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: inotropic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood to be pumped out.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or atrioventricular?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a heart muscle: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or atrioventricular node?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure by causing less blood to be pumped out

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen consumption

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: oxygen consumption

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pumped out.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Diltiazem

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Diltiazem

text: Heart tissue, like all cells in the body, needs to be supplied with oxygen, nutrients and a way of removing metabolic wastes. This is achieved by the coronary circulation, which includes arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels, Blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs in peaks and troughs relating to the heart muscle's relaxation or contraction.

text: Heart tissue, like all cells in the body, needs to be supplied with

text: oxygen

text: nutrient

text: s and a way of removing

text: metabolic waste

text: s. This is achieved by the

text: coronary circulation

text: , which includes

text: arteries

text: vein

text: s, and

text: lymphatic vessels

text: , Blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs in peaks and troughs relating to the heart muscle's relaxation or contraction.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the coronary circulation: arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs in peaks

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: troughs relating to the heart muscle's relaxation or contraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart tissue,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries, veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: contraction.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic wastes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart tissue,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood flow through the coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: coronary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood flow through the coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood flow through the coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Heart tissue,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: peaks and troughs

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries, veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels,

text: In this type of procedure, a narrowed blood vessel is expanded via angioplasty or stenting. A thin angiography catheter is inserted in a large groin blood vessel and advanced to the stenosis. Percutaneous treatment is less invasive than endarterectomy, usually requiring only local anesthesia. Endarterectomy is still considered safer though, as percutaneous treatments can lead to accidental dislodging of plaque or even arterial rupturing.

text: In this type of procedure, a narrowed blood vessel is expanded via angioplasty or stenting. A thin angiography catheter is inserted in a large groin blood vessel and advanced to the stenosis. Percutaneous treatment is less invasive than endarterectomy, usually requiring only local anesthesia. Endarterectomy is still considered safer though, as percutaneous treatments can lead to accidental dislodging of plaque or even arterial rupturing.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: endarterectomy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endarterectomy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atria, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does angioplasty or stenting carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the benefit of angioplasty?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: angioplasty is less invasive than stenting

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a narrowed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: groin blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: plaque

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: angioplasty

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: groin blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: angiography catheter

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plaque

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: endarterectomy,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: endarterectomy,

text: Some children with pectus carinatum also have scoliosis (curvature of the spine). Some have mitral valve prolapse, a condition in which the heart mitral valve functions abnormally. Connective tissue disorders involving structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels and heart valves are also seen. Although rarely seen, some children have other connective tissue disorders, including arthritis, visual impairment and healing impairment.

text: Some children with pectus carinatum also have

text: scoliosis

text: (curvature of the spine). Some have

text: mitral valve prolapse

text: , a condition in which the heart mitral valve functions abnormally. Connective tissue disorders involving structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels and heart valves are also seen. Although rarely seen, some children have other connective tissue disorders, including arthritis, visual impairment and healing impairment.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: mitral valve prolapse

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pectus carinatum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a heart valve: mitral valve prolapse, scoliosis, or visual impairment?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a condition: pectus carinatum, mitral valve prolapse, or visual impairment?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does pectus carinatum mean?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: major blood vessels, mitral valve prolapse, or visual impairment?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does pectus carinatum mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Mitral valve prolapse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Mitral valve prolapse

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: mitral valve prolapse

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does pectus carinatum mean?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a structural abnormality of the major blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major blood vessels and heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Connective tissue disorders

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Connective tissue disorders involving structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Connective tissue disorders involving structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: scoliosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: mitral valve prolapse,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Connective tissue disorders

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: structural abnormalities of the major blood vessels

text: Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart.  These are:

text: Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the

text: heart

text: .  These are:

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the word "veins" mean?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is true of great vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The answer: great vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries bring blood to and from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (4).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Great vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Great vessels

text: There are two types of cells within the heart: the cardiomyocytes and the cardiac pacemaker cells.Cardiomyocytes make up the atria (the chambers in which blood enters the heart) and the ventricles (the chambers where blood is collected and pumped out of the heart). These cells must be able to shorten and lengthen their fibers and the fibers must be flexible enough to stretch.  These functions are critical to the proper form during the beating of the heart.

text: There are two types of cells within the heart: the cardiomyocytes and the

text: cardiac pacemaker cells

text: .Cardiomyocytes make up the

text: atria

text: (the chambers in which blood enters the heart) and the

text: ventricles

text: (the chambers where blood is collected and pumped out of the heart). These cells must be able to shorten and lengthen their fibers and the fibers must be flexible enough to stretch.  These functions are critical to the proper form during the beating of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac pacemaker cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart: cardiomyocytes or cardiac pacemaker cells?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which chambers contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the atria carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac pacemaker cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have fibers

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The atria and the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart: the cardiomyocytes or the cardiac pacemaker cells?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the heart or the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell within the heart: cardiomyocytes or cardiac pacemaker cells?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart:

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: out of the heart).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiomyocytes and the cardiac pacemaker cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac pacemaker cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes make up the atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: flexible enough to stretch.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac pacemaker cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is collected and pumped out of the heart).

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cells.Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: shorten and lengthen their fibers

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiomyocytes and the cardiac pacemaker cells.Cardiomyocytes

text: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.

text: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery is

text: surgery

text: on the

text: heart

text: or

text: great vessels

text: performed by cardiac

text: surgeon

text: s. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of

text: ischemic heart disease

text: (for example,

text: coronary artery bypass grafting

text: ), correct

text: congenital heart disease

text: , or treat

text: valvular heart disease

text: from various causes including

text: endocarditis

text: rheumatic heart disease

text: and

text: atherosclerosis

text: . It also includes

text: heart transplantation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardit

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or great vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: ischemic heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, or valvular heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocarditis,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery is surgery on the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valvular heart disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular (heart) surgery

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis.

text: A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that HIIT training and traditional endurance training both lead to significantly improved cardiovascular fitness in healthy adults ages 18–45 but greater improvements in VO max were seen in those participating in the HIIT exercise regimen. Another analysis also found that HIIT regimens of one month or longer effectively improve cardiovascular fitness in adolescents and lead to moderate improvements in body composition. Furthermore, a separate systematic review and meta-analysis of seven small randomized controlled trials found that HIIT (defined as four intervals of four minutes at 85–95% of max heart rate with three-minute intervals at 60–70% of max heart rate) was more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training at improving blood vessel function and markers of blood vessel health.

text: A 2015

text: systematic review

text: and meta-analysis of

text: randomized controlled trial

text: s found that HIIT training and traditional endurance training both lead to significantly improved

text: cardiovascular fitness

text: in healthy adults ages 18–45 but greater improvements in VO max were seen in those participating in the HIIT exercise regimen. Another analysis also found that HIIT regimens of one month or longer effectively improve cardiovascular fitness in adolescents and lead to moderate improvements in body composition. Furthermore, a separate systematic review and meta-analysis of seven small randomized controlled trials found that HIIT (defined as four intervals of four minutes at 85–95% of max heart rate with three-minute intervals at 60–70% of max heart rate) was more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training at improving blood vessel function and markers of blood vessel health.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: HIIT training

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: VO

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessel walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does VO max stand for?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does HIIT improve blood vessel function?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel function and markers of blood vessel health

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: VO

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: VO

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: VO max

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: body composition.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: VO

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: VO

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VO max

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel function and markers of blood vessel health.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: HIIT

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: HIIT training and traditional endurance training

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular fitness in healthy adults ages 18–45

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: greater improvements in VO max

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessel function

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: HIIT training and traditional endurance training both lead to significantly improved cardiovascular fitness

text: The highly selective aspartic protease renin is secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is the only source of active renin, although its precursor, prorenin, can be secreted by  other  tissues, such as the salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels. Renin is a circulating enzyme that acts on a circulating peptide, angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide at the Leu10–Val11 bond, and this reaction is the rate-determining step of the RAAS. This leads to the product angiotensin I (Ang I) which is a decapeptide. Ang I is broken down by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to the active octapeptide  angiotensin II (Ang II), which is the principal effector of the RAAS. Ang II stimulates renal sodium retention; promotes aldosterone secretion; causes vasoconstriction, and increases sympathetic nervous system activity. Ang II also provides a negative feedback to the system by inhibiting renin release by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Ang II interacts with at least two classes of Ang II receptors, AT1 and AT2. This mechanism, which runs from renin through Ang II and to aldosterone, as well as the negative feedback that Ang II has on renin secretion, is known as RAAS. The net effect is to increase blood pressure, which in normal physiology is necessary in order to maintain homeostasis.

text: The highly

text: selective

text: aspartic protease

text: renin is

text: secreted

text: from the

text: juxtaglomerular apparatus

text: , which is the only source of active renin, although its precursor, prorenin, can be secreted by  other

text: tissues

text: , such as the salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels. Renin is a circulating

text: enzyme

text: that acts on a circulating

text: peptide

text: , angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide at the Leu10–Val11 bond, and this reaction is the

text: rate-determining step

text: of the RAAS. This leads to the product

text: angiotensin I

text: (Ang I) which is a

text: decapeptide

text: . Ang I is

text: broken down

text: by the

text: angiotensin-converting enzyme

text: (ACE) to the active octapeptide

text: angiotensin II

text: (Ang II), which is the principal effector of the RAAS. Ang II stimulates renal sodium retention; promotes

text: aldosterone

text: secretion; causes

text: vasoconstriction

text: , and increases

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: activity. Ang II also provides a

text: negative feedback

text: to the system by inhibiting renin release by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Ang II interacts with at least two classes of

text: Ang II receptors

text: and

text: . This mechanism, which runs from renin through Ang II and to aldosterone, as well as the negative feedback that Ang II has on renin secretion, is known as RAAS. The net effect is to increase blood pressure, which in normal physiology is necessary in order to maintain

text: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the primary effector of the RAAS?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the only source of active renin?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue: salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the net effect of increasing blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: salivary glands

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue: salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue: salivary glands, brain, heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, brain, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constriction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nervous system activity.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increase blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: salivary glands, brain, heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two classes of Ang II receptors, AT1 and AT2.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: increase blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Ang II

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increase blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Ang II

text: The elasticity and contractile nature of the octopus aorta serves to smooth out the pulsing nature of blood flow from the heart as the pulses travel the length of the vessel, while the vena cava serves in an energy storage capacity. Stroke volume of the systemic heart changes inversely with the difference between the input blood pressure through the vena cava and the output back pressure through the aorta.

text: The elasticity and contractile nature of the octopus aorta serves to smooth out the pulsing nature of blood flow from the heart as the pulses travel the length of the vessel, while the vena cava serves in an energy storage capacity. Stroke volume of the systemic heart changes inversely with the difference between the input blood pressure through the

text: vena cava

text: and the output back pressure through the

text: aorta

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: contractile

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: octopus, aorta, or vena cava?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart: the vena cava, the octopus aorta, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the octopus aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the octopus aorta?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow from the heart as the pulses travel the length of the vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The vena cava serves in an energy storage capacity.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Stroke

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: back pressure through the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: difference between the input blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: contractile

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: elasticity and contractile

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: energy storage capacity.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: octopus aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: smooth out the pulsing nature of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: octopus aorta

text: The four SNPs found to be associated with salt sensitivity consequently predispose such cardiovascular problems as left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction of the endothelium. The Arg83Gly SNP specifically results in a large reduction in the flow of chloride ions through the ClC-Ka channel in the thin and thick ascending limb of the nephrons. Experimentally, the membrane potential at which the channels show no net movement of ions at a given chloride concentration drops significantly with the mutation, indicating altered function in situ. his manifests as a chronic salt wasting disorder similar to Bartter syndrome, as sodium reabsorption is coupled with chloride reabsorption. he salt loss results in a decrease blood volume and consequently hyperreninemia leading (via the end product angiotensin II and aldosterone) to increased vascular tone, heart rate, water reabsorption, and blood pressure, collectively referred to as cardiorenal syndrome. Being heterozygous for this Arg83Gly variant increases the risk of heart failure by 27%, while homozygosity increases the risk by 54%. The additive stress on the heart from increased blood pressure and heart rate often only manifests as a pathology with an additional cardiovascular problem such as hypertension. Treatment for the SNP associated hyperreninemia involves drugs to block the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to relieve the aforementioned stresses on the heart.

text: The four SNPs found to be associated with salt sensitivity consequently predispose such cardiovascular problems as

text: left ventricular hypertrophy

text: and dysfunction of the endothelium. The Arg83Gly SNP specifically results in a large reduction in the flow of chloride ions through the ClC-Ka channel in the thin and thick ascending limb of the nephrons. Experimentally, the membrane potential at which the channels show no net movement of ions at a given chloride concentration drops significantly with the mutation, indicating altered function in situ. his manifests as a chronic salt wasting disorder similar to

text: Bartter syndrome

text: , as sodium reabsorption is coupled with chloride reabsorption. he salt loss results in a decrease blood volume and consequently hyperreninemia leading (via the end product angiotensin II and aldosterone) to increased vascular tone, heart rate, water reabsorption, and blood pressure, collectively referred to as

text: cardiorenal syndrome

text: . Being heterozygous for this Arg83Gly variant increases the risk of heart failure by 27%, while homozygosity increases the risk by 54%. The additive stress on the heart from increased blood pressure and heart rate often only manifests as a pathology with an additional cardiovascular problem such as hypertension. Treatment for the SNP associated hyperreninemia involves drugs to block the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to relieve the aforementioned stresses on the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Bartter syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Arg83Gly variant increase the risk of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Angiotensin II and aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: water reabsorption, and blood pressure, collectively referred to as cardiorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a pathway: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, left atrium, or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the Arg83Gly variant increase the risk of?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does sodium reabsorption do?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: water reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hyperreninemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: SNPs found to be associated with salt sensitivity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood volume

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ClC-Ka channel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: angiotensin II and aldosterone)

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: no net movement of ions

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: thin and thick ascending limb of the nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular tone,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

text: Cardiology is the branch of internal medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels.

text: Cardiology

text: is the branch of

text: internal medicine

text: dealing with disorders of the

text: heart

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity and smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What does cardiology deal with?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does cardiology deal with?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does cardiology deal with?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiology deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does cardiology deal with?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: disorders

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cardiology

text: In a single-lung transplant the process starts out after the donor lung has been inspected and the decision to accept the donor lung for the patient has been made. An incision is generally made from under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum. An alternate method involves an incision under the breastbone. In the case of a singular lung transplant the lung is collapsed, the blood vessels in the lung tied off, and the lung removed at the bronchial tube. The donor lung is placed, the blood vessels reattached, and the lung reinflated. To make sure the lung is satisfactory and to clear any remaining blood and mucus in the new lung a bronchoscopy will be performed. When the surgeons are satisfied with the performance of the lung the chest incision will be closed.

text: In a single-lung transplant the process starts out after the donor lung has been inspected and the decision to accept the donor lung for the patient has been made. An incision is generally made from under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum. An alternate method involves an incision under the breastbone. In the case of a singular lung transplant the lung is collapsed, the blood vessels in the lung tied off, and the lung removed at the

text: bronchial

text: tube. The donor lung is placed, the blood vessels reattached, and the lung reinflated. To make sure the lung is satisfactory and to clear any remaining blood and mucus in the new lung a

text: bronchoscopy

text: will be performed. When the surgeons are satisfied with the performance of the lung the chest incision will be closed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bronchial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: single-lung transplant

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, lung, or bronchial tube?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the lung reinflated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels in the lung

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in the lung tied off

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung transplant the lung is collapsed, the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: single-lung transplant

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bronchial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: donor lung

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: single-lung transplant

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: single-lung transplant

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: single-lung

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels reattached, and the lung reinflated.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels reattached,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: bronchial tube.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: under the shoulder blade around the chest, ending near the sternum.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the lung reinflated.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: single-lung transplant

text: The lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins. It is possible to see the lymph hearts beat by looking on the dorsal surface on either side of the urostyle. In the toad the normal lymph heart rate is about 50 beats per minute. Thus the lymph emerging out of blood ultimately merges into the blood. It returns the proteins back to blood.

text: The lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins. It is possible to see the lymph hearts beat by looking on the dorsal surface on either side of the urostyle. In the toad the normal lymph heart rate is about 50 beats per minute. Thus the lymph emerging out of blood ultimately merges into the blood. It returns the proteins back to blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymph heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart beats first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the lymph emerging out of blood ultimately merge into?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: lymph or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymph emerging out of blood ultimately merges into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a path: lymph or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the lymph emerging out of blood ultimately merge into the blood?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymph heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 50 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymph hearts rhythmically and slowly pump to drive the lymph into the veins.

text: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA or CoAo), also called aortic narrowing, is a congenital condition whereby the aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts. The word “coarctation” means narrowing. Coarctations are most common in the aortic arch. The arch may be small in babies with coarctations. Other heart defects may also occur when coarctation is present, typically occurring on the left side of the heart. When a patient has a coarctation, the left ventricle has to work harder. Since the aorta is narrowed, the left ventricle must generate a much higher pressure than normal in order to force enough blood through the aorta to deliver blood to the lower part of the body. If the narrowing is severe enough, the left ventricle may not be strong enough to push blood through the coarctation, thus resulting in lack of blood to the lower half of the body. Physiologically its complete form is manifested as interrupted aortic arch.

text: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA or CoAo), also called aortic narrowing, is a congenital condition whereby the

text: aorta

text: is narrow, usually in the area where the

text: ductus arteriosus

text: ligamentum arteriosum

text: after regression) inserts. The word “coarctation” means narrowing. Coarctations are most common in the aortic arch. The arch may be small in babies with coarctations. Other heart defects may also occur when coarctation is present, typically occurring on the left side of the heart. When a patient has a coarctation, the

text: left ventricle

text: has to work harder. Since the aorta is narrowed, the left ventricle must generate a much higher pressure than normal in order to force enough blood through the aorta to deliver blood to the lower part of the body. If the narrowing is severe enough, the left ventricle may not be strong enough to push blood through the coarctation, thus resulting in lack of blood to the lower half of the body. Physiologically its complete form is manifested as

text: interrupted aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lower half of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coarctation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the word "coarctation" mean?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of the left ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a valve: aorta, ductus arteriosus, or aortic arch?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower part of the body.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart defects

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lower part of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart defects

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lower part of the body.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: small

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: deliver blood to the lower part of the body.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coarctation of the aorta

text: They have a neurogenic heart, which have rhythmic depolarization that is responsible for initiating heart beats. Heartbeats originate in nervous tissue; innervated muscle cells cause the heart to contract when stimulated by nerve impulses. The cardiac ganglion, which consists of nine neurones, attaches to the dorsal wall of the heart. The anterior neurons innervate the heart, whereas the other posterior neurons make synpaptic contact with those anterior neurones. The posterior neuron acts as the pacemaker, but also functions as the cellular oscillator and the central pattern generator. This posterior neuron produces a train of impulses, which excites the other posterior neurones. The heart contracts when the posterior neurones activate the five anterior neurones, which send impulses to the muscle cells. This is how the Frank–Starling mechanism works within crustaceans. The Frank–Starling mechanism refers to the vitally important intrinsic control of the heart; mainly the stretching of the cardiac muscle tends to increase the force of its contraction by an effect at the cellular level. This mechanism is important as it allows the organism to match its output of blood with its input of blood. Because of the stretching between beats, the Frank–Starling mechanism allows the heart to then naturally contract more forcefully, allowing greater flow of blood, which results in the matched heart output to the increased blood received. The Frank–Starling mechanism is a little different in crustaceans, as it involves the cardiac ganglion as described previously. The stretching of the heart induces the ganglion to fire more regularly and powerfully.

text: They have a neurogenic heart, which have rhythmic

text: depolarization

text: that is responsible for initiating heart beats. Heartbeats originate in nervous tissue; innervated muscle cells cause the heart to contract when stimulated by nerve impulses. The cardiac ganglion, which consists of nine neurones, attaches to the dorsal wall of the heart. The anterior neurons innervate the heart, whereas the other posterior neurons make synpaptic contact with those anterior neurones. The posterior neuron acts as the pacemaker, but also functions as the cellular oscillator and the central pattern generator. This posterior

text: neuron

text: produces a train of impulses, which excites the other posterior neurones. The heart contracts when the posterior neurones activate the five anterior neurones, which send impulses to the muscle cells. This is how the

text: Frank–Starling mechanism

text: works within crustaceans. The Frank–Starling mechanism refers to the vitally important intrinsic control of the heart; mainly the stretching of the cardiac muscle tends to increase the force of its contraction by an effect at the cellular level. This mechanism is important as it allows the organism to match its output of blood with its input of blood. Because of the stretching between beats, the Frank–Starling mechanism allows the heart to then naturally contract more forcefully, allowing greater flow of blood, which results in the matched heart output to the increased blood received. The Frank–Starling mechanism is a little different in crustaceans, as it involves the cardiac ganglion as described previously. The stretching of the heart induces the ganglion to fire more regularly and powerfully.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cardiac ganglion

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac ganglion

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the Frank–Starling mechanism refer to?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the Frank–Starling mechanism allow the organism to do?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why does the Frank–Starling mechanism allow the organism to match its output of blood with its input of blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the atria

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac ganglion

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The posterior neuron

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Nervous tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What does the Frank–Starling mechanism allow the organism to do?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or cardiac ganglion?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, cardiac ganglion, or the cardiac ganglion?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the Frank–Starling mechanism refer to?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: posterior

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart beats.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cardiac ganglion,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: neurogenic heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Frank–Starling mechanism

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stretching of the cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac ganglion,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: greater flow of blood,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: matched heart output

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The cardiac ganglion,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The posterior neuron

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: nervous tissue;

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiac ganglion,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: neurogenic heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: innervated muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: match its output of blood with its input of blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: crustaceans.

text: Treatment requires diuretics (to decrease strain on the heart). Oxygen is often required to resolve the shortness of breath. Additionally, oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels and eases right heart failure. When wheezing is present,the majority of individuals require a bronchodilator. A variety of drugs have been developed to relax the blood vessels in the lung, calcium channel blockers are used but only work in few cases and according to NICE are not recommended for use at all.

text: Treatment requires

text: diuretic

text: s (to decrease

text: strain

text: on the heart).

text: Oxygen

text: is often required to resolve the shortness of breath. Additionally, oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels and eases right heart failure. When wheezing is present,the majority of individuals require a

text: bronchodilator

text: . A variety of drugs have been developed to relax the blood vessels in the lung,

text: calcium channel blockers

text: are used but only work in few cases and according to NICE are not recommended for use at all.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: right heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: right heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: calcium channel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right, left, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does oxygen to the lungs help relax the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ___

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium channel blockers are used but only work in few cases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: oxygen to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: right heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: strain on the heart).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: calcium channel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs also helps relax the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen to the lungs also helps relax the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: calcium channel blockers

text: His research and research group tries to find out how physical activity and exercise training can be used as medicine, and they are especially looking at the effects physical exercise have on heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

text: His research and research group tries to find out how physical activity and exercise training can be used as medicine, and they are especially looking at the effects physical exercise have on

text: heart

text: blood vessels

text: and

text: skeletal muscles

text: to prevent and treat

text: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: skeletal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels can be used as medicine

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the opposite direction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: physical activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: effects physical exercise have on heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: exercise training can be used as medicine,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: physical activity and exercise training can be used as medicine,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, blood vessels and skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels and skeletal muscles to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: physical activity and exercise training can be used as medicine,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: physical activity and exercise training can be used as medicine,

text: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood. Resistance is an accumulation of three different factors: blood viscosity, blood vessel length, and vessel radius.

text: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood. Resistance is an accumulation of three different factors: blood viscosity, blood vessel length, and vessel radius.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel length

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of resistance?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in resistance?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vessel radius

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of resistance: blood viscosity, blood vessel length, or vessel radius?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel length,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood viscosity, blood vessel length, and vessel radius.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessels away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood viscosity,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Resistance occurs where the vessels away from the heart oppose the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Resistance

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Resistance

text: A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of ephedra.  Of the six ephedrine-type ingredients found in ephedra (at concentrations of 0.02-3.4%), the most common are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The stimulant and thermogenic effects of Ephedra sinica and other ephedra species are due to the presence of the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. These compounds stimulate the brain, increase heart rate, constrict blood vessels (increasing blood pressure), and expand bronchial tubes (making breathing easier). Their thermogenic properties cause an increase in metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in body heat.

text: A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of ephedra.  Of the six ephedrine-type ingredients found in ephedra (at concentrations of 0.02-3.4%), the most common are

text: ephedrine

text: and

text: pseudoephedrine

text: . The

text: stimulant

text: and

text: thermogenic

text: effects of Ephedra sinica and other ephedra species are due to the presence of the

text: alkaloid

text: s

text: ephedrine

text: and

text: pseudoephedrine

text: . These compounds stimulate the brain, increase

text: heart rate

text: , constrict blood vessels (increasing

text: blood pressure

text: ), and expand bronchial tubes (making breathing easier). Their thermogenic properties cause an increase in metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in body heat.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: constrict blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constrict blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increase heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bronchial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not an alkaloid: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or bronchial tubes?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not the effect of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ephedrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Ephedra sinica

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: constricted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: bronchial tubes (making breathing easier)

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not an alkaloid: ephedrine or pseudoephedrine?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, bronchial tubes or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: ephedrine and pseudoephedrine

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: rate,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart rate, constrict blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: bronchial tubes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: (increasing blood pressure),

text: Existing cardiovascular disease or a previous cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, is the strongest predictor of a future cardiovascular event. Age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes are important predictors of future cardiovascular disease in people who are not known to have cardiovascular disease. These measures, and sometimes others, may be combined into composite risk scores to estimate an individual's future risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous risk scores exist although their respective merits are debated. Other diagnostic tests and biomarkers remain under evaluation but currently these lack clear-cut evidence to support their routine use. They include family history, coronary artery calcification score, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ankle brachial index, lipoprotein subclasses and particle concentration, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, fibrinogen, white blood cell count, homocysteine, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide  (NT-proBNP), and markers of kidney function.

text: Existing cardiovascular disease or a previous cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, is the strongest predictor of a future cardiovascular event. Age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes are important predictors of future cardiovascular disease in people who are not known to have cardiovascular disease. These measures, and sometimes others, may be combined into composite risk scores to estimate an individual's future risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous risk scores exist although their respective merits are debated. Other diagnostic tests and biomarkers remain under evaluation but currently these lack clear-cut evidence to support their routine use. They include family history, coronary artery

text: calcification

text: score,

text: high sensitivity C-reactive protein

text: (hs-CRP),

text: ankle brachial index

text: , lipoprotein subclasses and particle concentration, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B,

text: fibrinogen

text: , white blood cell count,

text: homocysteine

text: , N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide  (NT-proBNP), and markers of kidney function.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: calcification

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Age, sex, smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: natriuretic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary, venous, or capillary?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does NT-proBNP do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hs-CRP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the strongest predictor of a future cardiovascular event?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: calcification

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: natriuretic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: C-reactive protein

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery calcification score,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: C-reactive protein

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ankle brachial index,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: C-reactive protein

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: white blood cell

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ankle brachial index,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: coronary artery calcification score,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Existing cardiovascular disease

text: Occlusion of blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei, an ischemic stroke, may cause specific signs and symptoms that can localise where the occlusion occurred.  A clot in a blood vessel draining the cavernous sinus (cavernous sinus thrombosis) affects the oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), opthalamic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) and the abducens nerve (VI).

text: Occlusion of blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei, an

text: ischemic

text: stroke

text: , may cause specific signs and symptoms that can localise where the occlusion occurred.  A clot in a blood vessel draining the cavernous sinus (

text: cavernous sinus thrombosis

text: ) affects the oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), opthalamic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) and the abducens nerve (VI).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atria, atria, atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the atria, the ventricles, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: cavernous sinus, oculomotor (III), opthalamic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) and the abducens nerve (VI)?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does a clot in a blood vessel draining the cavernous sinus cause?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of occlusion?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: trochlear

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a clot in a blood vessel draining the cavernous sinus?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, cavernous sinus, or abducens nerve?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic stroke,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: nerves

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (IV),

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (III), trochlear (IV),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic stroke,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (III), trochlear (IV),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels that supply the nerves

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: (VI).

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cavernous sinus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels that supply the nerves or their nuclei,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels that supply the nerves

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Occlusion of blood vessels

text: Smaller blood vessels of the retina are abnormally developed and appear tortuous and dilated to a variable extent, typically in one sector and mainly in the peripheral and temporal portions of the retina. This is known as telangiectasia. The vessel walls are week and leak blood plasma and lipid within and underneath the retina. This leakage can lead to exudative retinal detachment, also known as exudative retinopathy in this context. The detachment typically has a yellowish tint because the fluid under the retina contains lipid. These findings mimic Coats disease. Characteristically, the abnormal vessels are localized and the retinal blood vessels peripheral to the abnormal ones seemingly have failed to develop and are thus not seen.

text: Smaller

text: blood vessel

text: s of the

text: retina

text: are abnormally developed and appear tortuous and dilated to a variable extent, typically in one sector and mainly in the peripheral and temporal portions of the retina. This is known as

text: telangiectasia

text: . The vessel walls are week and leak

text: blood plasma

text: and

text: lipid

text: within and underneath the retina. This leakage can lead to exudative

text: retinal detachment

text: , also known as exudative retinopathy in this context. The detachment typically has a yellowish tint because the fluid under the retina contains lipid. These findings mimic

text: Coats disease

text: . Characteristically, the abnormal vessels are localized and the retinal blood vessels peripheral to the abnormal ones seemingly have failed to develop and are thus not seen.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: retinal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coats disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: retinal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Coats disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: telangiectasia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of telangiectasia?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The detachment typically has a yellowish tint

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: retinal blood vessels peripheral to the abnormal ones

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coats disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: retina

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: retina

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: retinal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Coats disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Smaller blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Smaller blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lipid

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lipid

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood plasma and lipid

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: failed to develop

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood plasma and lipid

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: telangiectasia.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: telangiectasia.

text: In medicine, collateralization, also vessel collateralization and blood vessel collateralization, is the growth of a blood vessel or several blood vessels that serve the same end organ or vascular bed as another blood vessel that cannot adequately supply that end organ or vascular bed sufficiently.

text: In

text: medicine

text: , collateralization, also vessel collateralization and blood vessel collateralization, is the growth of a

text: blood vessel

text: or several blood vessels that serve the same end organ or vascular bed as another blood vessel that cannot adequately supply that end organ or vascular bed sufficiently.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: collateralization

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: collateralization

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is collateralization?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does collateralization carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is collateralization?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: collateralized

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous bed

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: collateralization

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: collateralization

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel collateralization, is the growth of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: another blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel collateralization, is the growth of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: In medicine, collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: In medicine, collateralization, also vessel collateralization and blood vessel collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: In medicine, collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular bed

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cannot adequately supply that end organ or vascular bed sufficiently.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: another blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: In medicine, collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: collateralization, also vessel collateralization and blood vessel collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In medicine, collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: In medicine, collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: collateralization,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: collateralization,

text: How they made my heart beat faster!

text: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What would happen if a person had a heart attack?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the best way to increase blood flow to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not make blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: A valve is a piece of equipment that prevents blood from flowing from a heart to an atrium.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The walls of veins are thicker.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: It is a buildup of plaque in the arteries.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: they made my heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: How they made my heart beat faster!

text: The cardiovascular systems of humans are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. In contrast, oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter  interstitial fluid, which carries oxygen and nutrients to the target cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes in the opposite direction. The other component of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, is open.

text: The cardiovascular systems of humans are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of

text: blood vessels

text: . In contrast, oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter

text: interstitial fluid

text: , which carries oxygen and nutrients to the target cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes in the opposite direction. The other component of the circulatory system, the

text: lymphatic system

text: , is open.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: interstitial fluid

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular systems

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a component of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system or the cardiovascular systems of humans?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the other component of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does interstitial fluid carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a closed system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: network of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel layers

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: closed

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a component of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, or the cardiovascular systems of humans?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the blood never leave the network of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The cardiovascular systems

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: closed,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: target cells,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: closed,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular systems

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: closed,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: carbon dioxide and wastes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: closed,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: target cells,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The cardiovascular systems of humans are closed,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: layers

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.

text: Acorn worms have an open circulatory system, in which the blood flows through the tissues sinuses. A dorsal blood vessel in the mesentery above the gut and delivers blood to a sinus in the proboscis that contains a muscular sac acting as a heart. Unlike the hearts of most other animals, however, this structure is a closed fluid-filled vesicle whose interior does not connect directly to the blood system. Nonetheless, it does regularly pulsate, helping to push blood through the surrounding sinuses.

text: Acorn worms have an

text: open circulatory system

text: , in which the blood flows through the tissues

text: sinuses

text: . A dorsal blood vessel in the

text: mesentery

text: above the gut and delivers blood to a sinus in the proboscis that contains a muscular sac acting as a

text: heart

text: . Unlike the hearts of most other animals, however, this structure is a closed fluid-filled vesicle whose interior does not connect directly to the blood system. Nonetheless, it does regularly pulsate, helping to push blood through the surrounding sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: surrounding sinuses

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: dorsal blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: proboscis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vesicle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does regularly pulsate help to push blood through the surrounding sinuses?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of the muscular sac acting as a heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does regularly pulsate do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tissue sinuses

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows through the tissues sinuses

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulsate

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: worms

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: dorsal blood vessel in the mesentery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sinus in the proboscis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sinuses. A dorsal

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Acorn worms have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: tissues sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: a muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: mesentery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tissues sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart. Unlike the hearts of most other animals,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: dorsal blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: closed fluid-filled vesicle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: closed fluid-filled vesicle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: muscular sac

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vesicle whose interior does not connect directly to the blood system.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: helping to push blood through the surrounding sinuses.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Acorn worms have an open circulatory system,

text: The lymphatic system is part of the immune surveillance system. Blood contains fluid and blood cells. The fluid, which may contain suspended foreign material such as bacteria and viruses, seeps through blood vessel walls into the tissues, where it bathes the body cells and exchanges substances with them. Some of this lymph fluid is then taken up by lymphatic vessels and passed back to the heart, where it is again mixed with the blood. On its way, the fluid passes through the lymph nodes, small nodular organs located throughout the body but concentrated in certain areas such as the armpits or groin. These lymph nodes are also known as glands or lymphoid tissue. If they detect something foreign passing through them, they enlarge. This is called lymphadenopathy or swollen glands. Usually this is localized (for example, an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell). However, when two or more lymph node groups are involved, it is called generalized lymphadenopathy. Usually this is in response to a significant systemic disease and will subside once the person has recovered. Sometimes it can persist long-term, even when no explanation for the lymphadenopathy can be found.

text: The

text: lymphatic system

text: is part of the

text: immune surveillance system

text: Blood

text: contains

text: fluid

text: and blood

text: cell

text: s. The fluid, which may contain suspended foreign material such as

text: bacteria

text: and

text: virus

text: es, seeps through

text: blood vessel

text: walls into the

text: tissues

text: , where it bathes the body cells and exchanges substances with them. Some of this lymph fluid is then taken up by

text: lymphatic vessel

text: s and passed back to the heart, where it is again mixed with the blood. On its way, the fluid passes through the

text: lymph node

text: s, small nodular organs located throughout the body but concentrated in certain areas such as the

text: armpit

text: s or

text: groin

text: . These lymph nodes are also known as glands or lymphoid tissue. If they detect something foreign passing through them, they enlarge. This is called

text: lymphadenopathy

text: or swollen glands. Usually this is localized (for example, an infected spot on the

text: scalp

text: will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell). However, when two or more lymph node groups are involved, it is called

text: generalized lymphadenopathy

text: . Usually this is in response to a significant systemic disease and will subside once the person has recovered. Sometimes it can persist long-term, even when no explanation for the lymphadenopathy can be found.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right armpits

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphadenopathy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: blood contains fluid and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, or blood cells?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of lymph node?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic vessels and passed back to the heart where it is again mixed with the blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: lymphatic vessels, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: lymphadenopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymph fluid is then taken up by lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymphadenopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: bacteria and viruses,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymphadenopathy

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymph fluid is then taken up by lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphadenopathy

text: During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart. Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles. Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.

text: During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart. Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the

text: circulating blood

text: moves away from the

text: heart

text: through arteries and

text: capillaries

text: due to

text: viscous

text: losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and

text: arterioles

text: . Gravity affects blood pressure via

text: hydrostatic

text: forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins,

text: breathing

text: , and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the rate of mean blood flow dependent on?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not an example of resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (diastolic)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (diastolic)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (diastolic)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (diastolic)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: resistance to flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries and capillaries

text: Cardiovascular disease has often been linked to water hardness as the main cause. Water hardness means that there is magnesium in the water with calcium playing a role.  Of course some research has completely discredited this evidence, and have found that the more magnesium in the water the less chance of death cardiovascular disease.

text: Cardiovascular disease

text: has often been linked to

text: water

text: hardness as the main cause.

text: Water

text: hardness means that there is

text: magnesium

text: in the

text: water

text: with

text: calcium

text: playing a role.  Of course some research has completely discredited this evidence, and have found that the more

text: magnesium

text: in the

text: water

text: the less chance of death

text: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: water hardness

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: magnesium

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the more magnesium in the water the less chance of death cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: water hardness

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: water hardness

text: As the blood vessels pass along the thigh, they branch, with their main branches remaining closely associated, where they are still referred to collectively as femoral vessels.

text: As the blood vessels pass along the thigh, they branch, with their main branches remaining closely associated, where they are still referred to collectively as femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: femoral vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: femoral vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: femoral vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: femoral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: femoral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, femoral vessels, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: femoral vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Femoral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: thigh

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood vessels do not branch

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: thigh,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: femoral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: femoral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: thigh,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: As the blood vessels pass along the thigh,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they branch, with their main branches remaining closely associated,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: thigh, they branch, with their main branches remaining closely associated,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: femoral vessels.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: femoral vessels.

text: Coronary artery spasm may occur with subsequent myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, or cardiac arrest. Those with underlying coronary disease are at greater risk of cardiac effects from anaphylaxis. The coronary spasm is related to the presence of histamine-releasing cells in the heart. While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold–Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of cases where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis.

text: Coronary artery spasm

text: may occur with subsequent

text: myocardial infarction

text: dysrhythmia

text: , or

text: cardiac arrest

text: . Those with underlying coronary disease are at greater risk of cardiac effects from anaphylaxis. The coronary spasm is related to the presence of histamine-releasing cells in the heart. While

text: a fast heart rate

text: caused by low blood pressure is more common, a

text: Bezold–Jarisch reflex

text: has been described in 10% of cases where a

text: slow heart rate

text: is associated with

text: low blood pressure

text: . A drop in

text: blood pressure

text: or

text: shock

text: (either

text: distributive

text: or

text: cardiogenic

text: ) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or

text: loss of consciousness

text: . Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: distributive

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: distributive

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: underlying coronary disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: distributive

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the coronary spasm?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of coronary artery spasm?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary cause of coronary spasm?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The coronary spasm is related to the presence of what?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a valve: coronary artery spasm, dysrhythmia, or cardiac arrest?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which artery spasm is related to the presence of histamine-releasing cells in the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery spasm

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: distributive

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: underlying coronary disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: distributive

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: histamine-releasing

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Coronary artery spasm

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: distributive or cardiogenic)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary artery spasm

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary disease

text: Hemorrhage and Vascular Regression. cIAP1 has an important role on the maintenance of endothelial cells and blood vessel homeostasis during the development of the vessels. Mutations on the gene that encodes cIAP1 are related to hemorrhage and vascular regression because of the defects it represents on the endothelial cell survival and the modification of apoptosis.

text: Hemorrhage

text: and Vascular Regression. cIAP1 has an important role on the maintenance of

text: endothelial cells

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: homeostasis

text: during the development of the vessels.

text: Mutations

text: on the gene that encodes cIAP1 are related to hemorrhage and vascular regression because of the defects it represents on the endothelial cell survival and the modification of apoptosis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Vascular Regression

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Vascular Regression

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle and the left atria receives blood from the left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel homeostasis during the development of the vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cIAP1 has an important role on the maintenance of endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Hemorrhage and Vascular Regression.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vascular regression

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessel homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Hemorrhage

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Mutations on the gene that encodes cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Vascular Regression. cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Hemorrhage and Vascular Regression.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cIAP1

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cIAP1

text: Furthermore, over the past years obesity rates have dramatically increased worldwide. Statistics from across the globe demonstrate that approximately 22 million children under the age of five are classified as obese. Some health risks associated with childhood obesity include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These factors eventually lead to further complications such as heart attack, stroke, a variety of cardiovascular conditions and if not treated properly and in a timely manner may ultimately result in death. Data concluded from the Bogalusa Heart Study demonstrates that approximately 60 percent of overweight children five to ten years of age had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A few examples of other health risks include Blount's disease, skin fungal infections, Acanthosis Nigracans, Hepatic Steatosis, in addition to both psychological and behavioral problems. Overweight children often struggle to maintain high self-esteem and experience both depression and anxiety.

text: Furthermore, over the past years obesity rates have dramatically increased worldwide. Statistics from across the globe demonstrate that approximately 22 million children under the age of five are classified as obese. Some health risks associated with childhood obesity include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These factors eventually lead to further complications such as heart attack, stroke, a variety of cardiovascular conditions and if not treated properly and in a timely manner may ultimately result in death. Data concluded from the Bogalusa Heart Study demonstrates that approximately 60 percent of overweight children five to ten years of age had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A few examples of other health risks include Blount's disease, skin fungal infections, Acanthosis Nigracans, Hepatic Steatosis, in addition to both psychological and behavioral problems. Overweight children often struggle to maintain high self-esteem and experience both depression and anxiety.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: childhood obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk factor: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk factor?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular condition: heart attack, stroke, or obesity?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk associated with childhood obesity?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk factor: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular condition: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk factor associated with childhood obesity?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high cholesterol levels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Hepatic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart attack, stroke,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 22 million children under the age of five are classified as obese.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Bogalusa Heart Study

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart attack, stroke,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart attack, stroke,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 22 million children under the age of five

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high cholesterol levels,

text: Venous hypertension may also stretch veins and allow blood proteins to leak into the extravascular space, isolating extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and growth factors, preventing them from helping to heal the wound.  Leakage of fibrinogen from veins as well as deficiencies in fibrinolysis may also cause fibrin to build up around the vessels, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching cells.  Venous insufficiency may also cause white blood cells (leukocytes) to accumulate in small blood vessels, releasing inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS, free radicals) and further contributing to chronic wound formation. Buildup of white blood cells in small blood vessels may also plug the vessels, further contributing to ischemia.  This blockage of blood vessels by leukocytes may be responsible for the "no reflow phenomenon," in which ischemic tissue is never fully reperfused.  Allowing blood to flow back into the limb, for example by elevating it, is necessary but also contributes to reperfusion injury.  Other comorbidities may also be the root cause of venous ulcers.

text: Venous

text: hypertension

text: may also stretch veins and allow

text: blood protein

text: s to leak into the

text: extravascular space

text: , isolating

text: extracellular matrix

text: (ECM) molecules and

text: growth factor

text: s, preventing them from helping to heal the wound.  Leakage of

text: fibrinogen

text: from veins as well as deficiencies in

text: fibrinolysis

text: may also cause

text: fibrin

text: to build up around the vessels, preventing

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nutrient

text: s from reaching

text: cells

text: .  Venous insufficiency may also cause

text: white blood cell

text: s (leukocytes) to accumulate in small

text: blood vessel

text: s, releasing inflammatory factors and

text: reactive oxygen species

text: (ROS,

text: free radical

text: s) and further contributing to chronic wound formation. Buildup of white blood cells in small blood vessels may also plug the vessels, further contributing to

text: ischemia

text: .  This blockage of blood vessels by leukocytes may be responsible for the "

text: no reflow phenomenon

text: ," in which ischemic tissue is never fully reperfused.  Allowing blood to flow back into the limb, for example by elevating it, is necessary but also contributes to

text: reperfusion injury

text: .  Other

text: comorbidities

text: may also be the root cause of venous ulcers.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: leukocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How can blood flow back into the limb?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: extracellular matrix

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood proteins to leak into the extravascular space

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: limb,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (leukocytes)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen and nutrients from reaching cells.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins and allow blood proteins to leak into the extravascular space,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: extracellular matrix

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: small blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: small blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Venous hypertension

text: The vasa vasorum (Latin, "the vessels of the vessels") is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as elastic arteries (aorta) and large veins (vena cava).

text: The vasa vasorum (Latin, "the vessels of the vessels") is a network of small

text: blood vessel

text: s that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as

text: elastic arteries

text: aorta

text: ) and large veins (

text: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Vasa vasorum is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels: arteries (aorta) and large veins (vena cava)?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the vasa vasorum supply?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The vasa vasorum is a network of small blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the second to last option?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: (aorta) and large veins (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: large veins (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (vena cava).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: elastic arteries (aorta) and large veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: elastic arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The vasa vasorum

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The vasa vasorum

text: Through the generation of low pressure, blood circulation within the lower body parts and the abdomen is encouraged, meaning that arterial perfusion is stimulated. This blood flow leads to a reduction of hypertension within the central line, stroke volume, cardiac output and eventually to a reduction of the arterial blood flow which is counteracted through the compensation mechanisms.As a reaction to this change, pulse and peripheral vascular resistance are enhanced. In addition, the sympathetic answer of the heart is activated. Blood volume is adapted to the change of pressure within the lower part of the body. The flow of oxygenized blood within the legs and lower extremities is encouraged and enhanced through the changed conditions of normal and low pressure. During the phase of normal pressure, the backflow of venous blood and lymph within the large vessels is facilitated. Through that, the IVT has a strong physiological effect on the “removal of lymphatic waste products”, in other words a lymphatic drainage takes place. The related raise in pH value often entails a strengthening of the connective tissue, leading to an increase of collagen synthesis as well as to improved fat reduction.

text: Through the generation of low pressure,

text: blood circulation

text: within the lower body parts and the abdomen is encouraged, meaning that arterial

text: perfusion

text: is stimulated. This blood flow leads to a reduction of hypertension within the central line, stroke volume, cardiac output and eventually to a reduction of the arterial blood flow which is counteracted through the compensation mechanisms.As a reaction to this change,

text: pulse

text: and peripheral vascular resistance are enhanced. In addition, the sympathetic answer of the heart is activated.

text: Blood volume

text: is adapted to the change of pressure within the lower part of the body. The flow of

text: oxygenized

text: blood within the legs and lower extremities is encouraged and enhanced through the changed conditions of normal and low pressure. During the phase of normal pressure, the backflow of venous blood and lymph within the large vessels is facilitated. Through that, the IVT has a strong physiological effect on the “removal of lymphatic waste products”, in other words a lymphatic drainage takes place. The related raise in

text: pH

text: value often entails a strengthening of the connective tissue, leading to an increase of collagen synthesis as well as to improved fat reduction.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the flow of oxygenized blood within the legs and lower extremities encouraged and enhanced?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How is arterial perfusion stimulated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: central line

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: low pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: in the lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: IVT

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic drainage takes place

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In addition, the sympathetic answer of the heart is activated.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: During the phase of normal pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fat reduction

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: legs and lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygenized blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: low pressure,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: low pressure,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygenized blood within the legs and lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The flow of oxygenized blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: central line,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sympathetic answer

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: legs and lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Through the generation of low pressure,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygenized blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Through the generation of low pressure,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arterial perfusion is stimulated.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: low pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

text: The cardiac skeleton is made of dense connective tissue and this gives structure to the heart. It forms the atrioventricular septum which separates the atria from the ventricles, and the fibrous rings which serve as bases for the four heart valves. The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart's electrical conduction system since collagen cannot conduct electricity. The interatrial septum separates the atria and the interventricular septum separates the ventricles. The interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum, since the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract.

text: The

text: cardiac skeleton

text: is made of

text: dense connective tissue

text: and this gives structure to the heart. It forms the

text: atrioventricular septum

text: which separates the atria from the ventricles, and the fibrous rings which serve as bases for the four

text: heart valve

text: s. The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart's electrical conduction system since collagen cannot conduct electricity. The interatrial septum separates the atria and the interventricular septum separates the ventricles. The interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum, since the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac skeleton

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiac skeleton: the interatrial septum, the interventricular septum, or the fibrous rings?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiac skeleton: the interatrial septum, the fibrous rings or the cardiac skeleton?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a heart valve: the interatrial septum, the fibrous rings or the cardiac skeleton?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the atria carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the interatrial septum separate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fibrous rings

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Collagen cannot conduct electricity.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What separates the atria from the ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiac skeleton: the interatrial septum, the interventricular septum or the fibrous rings?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the interatrial septum, or the fibrous rings?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: what is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: collagen

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The cardiac skeleton is made of dense connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac skeleton

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrioventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: interventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: collagen

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrioventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fibrous rings

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: collagen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: interventricular septum separates the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atrioventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atrioventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The interventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atrioventricular septum

text: Telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations in HHT are thought to arise because of changes in angiogenesis, the development of blood vessels out of existing ones. The development of a new blood vessel requires the activation and migration of various types of cells, chiefly endothelium, smooth muscle and pericytes. The exact mechanism by which the HHT mutations influence this process is not yet clear, and it is likely that they disrupt a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic signals in blood vessels. The wall of telangiectasias is unusually friable, which explains the tendency of these lesions to bleed.

text: Telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations in HHT are thought to arise because of changes in

text: angiogenesis

text: , the development of blood vessels out of existing ones. The development of a new blood vessel requires the activation and migration of various types of cells, chiefly

text: endothelium

text: smooth muscle

text: and

text: pericyte

text: s. The exact mechanism by which the HHT mutations influence this process is not yet clear, and it is likely that they disrupt a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic signals in blood vessels. The wall of telangiectasias is unusually

text: friable

text: , which explains the tendency of these lesions to bleed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriovenous malformation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: HHT mutations

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: endothelium, smooth muscle and pericytes?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: smooth muscle or pericytes?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: smooth muscle or pericytes?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: endothelium, smooth muscle or pericytes?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the result of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: HHT mutations

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cells, smooth muscle and pericytes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the wall of telangiectasias is unusually friable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteriovenous malformations

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: HHT mutations

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteriovenous malformations in HHT

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: HHT are thought to arise because of changes in angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium, smooth muscle and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: existing ones.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteriovenous

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteriovenous malformations in HHT

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteriovenous malformations

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: telangiectasias is unusually friable,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: HHT are thought to arise because of changes in angiogenesis,

text: Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, due to the formation of plaques in the blood vessel. Atherosclerosis is the usual cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Together, these diseases are called "cardiovascular disease."

text: Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, due to the formation of plaques in the blood vessel. Atherosclerosis is the usual cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Together, these diseases are called "cardiovascular disease."

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right, left, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not the usual cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plaques

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "cardiovascular disease."

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral vascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: plaques

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plaques

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hardening and narrowing of the arteries,

text: Certain subtypes of troponin (cardiac I and T) are very sensitive and specific indicators of damage to the heart muscle (myocardium). They are measured in the blood to differentiate between unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack) in people with chest pain or acute coronary syndrome. A person who recently had a myocardial infarction would have an area of damaged heart muscle and elevated cardiac troponin levels in the blood. This can also occur in people with coronary vasospasm, a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels. After a myocardial infarction troponins may remain high for up to 2 weeks.

text: Certain subtypes of troponin (cardiac

text: I

text: and

text: T

text: ) are very

text: sensitive and specific

text: indicators

text: of damage to the

text: heart

text: muscle (

text: myocardium

text: ). They are measured in the

text: blood

text: to differentiate between unstable

text: angina

text: and

text: myocardial infarction

text: (heart attack) in people with

text: chest pain

text: or

text: acute coronary syndrome

text: . A person who recently had a myocardial infarction would have an area of damaged heart muscle and elevated cardiac troponin levels in the blood. This can also occur in people with

text: coronary vasospasm

text: , a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels. After a myocardial infarction troponins may remain high for up to 2 weeks.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiac blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: chest pain or acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac troponin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial infarction?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: cardiac blood vessels, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is a type of myocardial infarction involving severe constriction of the cardiac blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: what is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: chest pain or acute coronary syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Certain subtypes of troponin

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: troponin

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Certain subtypes of troponin

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cardiac blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: constriction of the cardiac blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: troponin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (myocardium).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary vasospasm,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Certain subtypes of troponin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: constriction of the cardiac blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: troponin

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Certain subtypes of troponin

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Certain subtypes of troponin

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: myocardial infarction would have an area of damaged heart muscle

text: Studies into the effect of Cycloidal Vibration Therapy on blood circulation has shown that it increases mean blood flow and the temperature of skin and subcutaneous tissue and the clearance rate of radioactively labelled sodium from skin in contact with the CVT device. In rabbit, Cycloidal Vibrations at 22–62 Hz increases blood flow within 1–2 minutes due to an increased dilation in the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle. In humans with hypertension (systolic pressure equal or more than 140mmHg) Cycloidal Vibrations did not affect diastolic blood pressure, but did decrease systolic blood pressure and well as heart rate. In practice, the ability of CVT to increase circulation has been used in orthopaedic wards to prevent bed sores which are caused by pressure and immobility, reducing hospitalization time.

text: Studies into the effect of Cycloidal Vibration Therapy on blood circulation has shown that it increases mean

text: blood flow

text: and the temperature of skin and subcutaneous tissue and the clearance rate of radioactively labelled sodium from skin in contact with the CVT device. In rabbit, Cycloidal Vibrations at 22–62 Hz increases blood flow within 1–2 minutes due to an increased dilation in the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle. In humans with

text: hypertension

text: (systolic pressure equal or more than 140mmHg) Cycloidal Vibrations did not affect

text: diastolic

text: blood pressure, but did decrease

text: systolic

text: blood pressure and well as heart rate. In practice, the ability of CVT to increase circulation has been used in orthopaedic wards to prevent bed sores which are caused by pressure and immobility, reducing hospitalization time.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Cycloidal Vibration Therapy increase?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the effect of Cycloidal Vibration Therapy on blood circulation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cycloidal vibrations

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow within 1–2 minutes due to an increased dilation in the resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cycloidal Vibrations increases blood flow within 1–2 minutes due to an increased dilation in the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, resistance vessels, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: increased dilation in the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cycloidal Vibration Therapy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

text: The heart is a mesoderm-derived organ; Mesoderm is the middle germ layer of an embryo, whose formation is regulated by various genes. Initially, the most important is expression of Nkx2.5, CR1, pitx2, anf and mhc2a, is responsible for differentiation of the types of cardiomyocytes to determine which part of the heart they go to.[5] In a later in differentiation, activation of  hand1, hand2 and other genes was revealed to help in development. [5] Expression of these genes expression is regulated by various processes, including transcription and growth factors, as well as proteins like fibrillin, Wnt,  BMP2, BMP 4, BMP5, BMP7,  which aid in different heart development features like the valves and septum, and other substances, such as retinoid and folic acid.[5] Crucial steps in heart formation are development of the ventricles and atrium formation, as well as septation and valve formation. Any disturbances of such processes may lead to various congenital heart diseases and defects that could be initiated by various genetic, epigenetic or environmental factors. The most common heart malformations from genetic or epigenetic problems are: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which is a narrowing of the vessels, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left and right heart.  When you have hypoplastic right or left heart more than one of these problems occur together [5]

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: environmental factors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a heart defect: tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left or right heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does the ventricles contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: septum

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: BMP7

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart: ventricles or atrium?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles and atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: genetic, epigenetic or environmental

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: hypoplastic left and right heart.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricles and atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart is a mesoderm-derived organ;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: BMP2, BMP 4, BMP5, BMP7,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: BMP2, BMP 4, BMP5, BMP7,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: valves and septum,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart is a mesoderm-derived

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ventricles and atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: stenosis of the aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: BMP7,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital heart diseases

text: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart pump blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems. This complex mechanism illustrates systole of the heart.

text: Coordinated

text: contraction

text: s of cardiac muscle cells in the heart pump

text: blood

text: out of the

text: atria

text: and

text: ventricles

text: to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary

text: circulatory system

text: s. This complex mechanism illustrates

text: systole

text: of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiac muscle cell?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left/body

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They do not pump blood out of the body.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does the heart pump blood?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which circulatory system does not include the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: systole of the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: systole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: systole

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart pump blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contractions

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells

text: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels (the large blood vessels serving the heart)  becoming one with the parietal layer of the serous pericardium. This happens at two areas: where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart and where the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart.

text: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels (the large

text: blood vessel

text: s serving the heart)  becoming one with the parietal layer of the serous pericardium. This happens at two areas: where the

text: aorta

text: and pulmonary trunk leave the heart and where the

text: superior vena cava

text: inferior vena cava

text: and pulmonary veins enter the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: superior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What happens at two areas: where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava or pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: superior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The visceral layer extends to the beginning

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Where does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What happens at two areas: where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta and pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: superior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: parietal layer of the serous pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: superior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The visceral layer

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: enter the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels

text: After the body uses up the oxygen delivered by the blood flowing through the arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries, the unoxygenated blood returns to the heart by the capillaries, then venules, then veins.

text: After the body uses up the oxygen delivered by the blood flowing through the

text: arteries

text: , then

text: arterioles

text: , then

text: capillaries

text: , the unoxygenated blood returns to the heart by the capillaries, then

text: venules

text: , then

text: veins

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, venules, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a needle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, arterioles, and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unoxygenated blood returns to the heart by the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venules, then veins.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venules, then veins.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries, then arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venules, then veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the unoxygenated blood returns to the heart by the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries,

text: The symptoms of esophageal spasm, erectile dysfunction, and abdominal pain are attributed to the fact that hemoglobin released during hemolysis binds with circulating nitric oxide, a substance that is needed to relax smooth muscle. This theory is supported by the fact that these symptoms improve on administration of nitrates or sildenafil (Viagra), which improves the effect of nitric oxide on muscle cells. There is a suspicion that chronic hemolysis causing chronically depleted nitric oxide may lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension (increased pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lung), which in turn puts strain on the heart and causes heart failure.

text: The symptoms of

text: esophageal spasm

text: , erectile dysfunction, and abdominal pain are attributed to the fact that

text: hemoglobin

text: released during hemolysis binds with circulating

text: nitric oxide

text: , a substance that is needed to relax

text: smooth muscle

text: . This theory is supported by the fact that these symptoms improve on administration of nitrates or

text: sildenafil

text: (Viagra), which improves the effect of nitric oxide on muscle cells. There is a suspicion that chronic hemolysis causing chronically depleted nitric oxide may lead to the development of

text: pulmonary hypertension

text: (increased pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lung), which in turn puts strain on the

text: heart

text: and causes

text: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: supplying the lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: supplying the lung

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: chronic hemolysis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is hemoglobin released during hemolysis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels supplying the lung

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels supplying the lung

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung),

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lung),

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: circulating nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lung),

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels supplying the lung),

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The symptoms of esophageal spasm,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: circulating nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: circulating nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary hypertension

text: The FDA has stated that methylhexanamine "is known to narrow the blood vessels and arteries, which can elevate blood pressure and may lead to cardiovascular events ranging from shortness of breath and tightening in the chest to heart attack." Numerous adverse events and at least five deaths have been reported in association with methylhexanamine-containing dietary supplements.

text: The FDA has stated that methylhexanamine "is known to narrow the blood vessels and arteries, which can elevate blood pressure and may lead to cardiovascular events ranging from shortness of breath and tightening in the chest to heart attack." Numerous adverse events and at least five deaths have been reported in association with methylhexanamine-containing dietary supplements.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: methylhexanamine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, vessels, or vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: methylhexanamine is known to narrow the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack."

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack."

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart attack."

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: shortness of breath and tightening in the chest to heart attack."

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: methylhexanamine "is known to narrow the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: methylhexanamine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: methylhexanamine

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: narrow the blood vessels and arteries, which can elevate blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: methylhexanamine

text: It has been shown that injection of VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow to the heart caused an increase in collateral blood vessel formation compared to the dogs who did not receive the VEGF-A treatment. It was also shown in dogs that delivery of VEGF-A to areas of the heart with little or no blood flow enhanced collateral blood vessel formation and increased the viability of the cells in that area. In gene therapy, DNA which encodes the gene of interest is integrated into a vector along with elements that are able to promote the gene’s expression. The vector is then injected either into muscle cells of the heart or the blood vessels supplying the heart. The natural machinery of the cell is then used to express these genes. Currently, human clinical trials are being conducted to study the effectiveness of gene therapy with VEGF-A in restoring blood flow and function to areas of the heart that have severely restricted blood flow. So far, this type of therapy has proven both safe and beneficial.

text: It has been shown that injection of VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow to the heart caused an increase in collateral blood vessel formation compared to the dogs who did not receive the VEGF-A treatment. It was also shown in dogs that delivery of VEGF-A to areas of the heart with little or no blood flow enhanced collateral blood vessel formation and increased the viability of the cells in that area. In gene therapy, DNA which encodes the gene of interest is integrated into a vector along with elements that are able to promote the gene’s expression. The vector is then injected either into muscle cells of the heart or the blood vessels supplying the heart. The natural machinery of the cell is then used to express these genes. Currently, human clinical trials are being conducted to study the effectiveness of gene therapy with VEGF-A in restoring blood flow and function to areas of the heart that have severely restricted blood flow. So far, this type of therapy has proven both safe and beneficial.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: collateral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: collateral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does VEGF-A do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: veGF-A

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: collateral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels supplying the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels supplying the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the vein, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: collateral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood flow to the heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: collateral blood vessel formation

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: collateral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: collateral blood vessel formation

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: collateral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: collateral blood vessel formation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-A

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: collateral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels supplying the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: VEGF-A in dogs following severely restricted blood flow

text: Sympathomimetic drugs mimic or enhance at least some of the effects of norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nervous system; sympatholytic drugs, in contrast, block at least some of the effects.  Both of these are large groups with diverse uses, depending on exactly which effects are enhanced or blocked.  Norepinephrine itself is classified as a sympathomimetic drug:  its effects when given by intravenous injection of increasing heart rate and force and constricting blood vessels make it very useful for treating medical emergencies that involve critically low blood pressure.

text: Sympathomimetic drug

text: s mimic or enhance at least some of the effects of norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nervous system;

text: sympatholytic

text: drugs, in contrast, block at least some of the effects.  Both of these are large groups with diverse uses, depending on exactly which effects are enhanced or blocked.

text: Norepinephrine

text: itself is classified as a sympathomimetic drug:  its effects when given by intravenous injection of increasing heart rate and force and constricting blood vessels make it very useful for treating medical emergencies that involve critically low blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: constricting

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: critically low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the sympathetic nervous system release?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of constricting blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: constricting blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs mimic or enhance at least some of the effects

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: constricting blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympatholytic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic nervous system; sympatholytic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: critically low blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nervous system;

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: constricting blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: intravenous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympatholytic drugs,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: constricting blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constricting blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Sympathomimetic drugs

text: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through veins. It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.

text: Blood is circulated around the body through

text: blood vessel

text: s by the pumping action of the

text: heart

text: . In humans, blood is pumped from the strong

text: left ventricle

text: of the heart through

text: arteries

text: to peripheral

text: tissues

text: and returns to the right

text: atrium of the heart

text: through

text: vein

text: s. It then enters the right

text: ventricle

text: and is pumped through the

text: pulmonary artery

text: to the

text: lung

text: s and returns to the left atrium through the

text: pulmonary vein

text: s. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to all of the cells of the body, and

text: venous blood

text: carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of

text: metabolism

text: by

text: cells

text: , to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or venous?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary artery, aorta, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium of the heart through veins.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary arteries,

text: The autonomic nervous system controls all automatic functions in the body and contains two subsections within it that aids in response to an acute stress reaction. These two subunits are the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "fight or flight" response, indicated by accelerated pulse and respiration rates, pupil dilation, and a general feeling of anxiety and hyper-awareness.  This is caused by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. the norepinephrine and epinephrine strike the beta receptors of the heart in order to feed the heart sympathetic nerve fibers to increase the strength of heart muscle contraction. as a result more blood is being circulated increasing the heart rate and respiratory rate. The sympathetic nervous system also stimulates the skeletal system and muscular system in an effort to pump more blood to those areas to handle the acute stress. simultaneously the sympathetic nervous system inhibits the digestive system and the urinary system in order to optimize blood flow to the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles. this plays a role in the alarm reaction stage. The para-sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "rest and digest" response, indicated by reduced heart and respiration rates, and more obviously by a temporary loss of consciousness if the system is fired at a rapid rate. The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system and urinary system in order to send more blood to those systems to increase the process of digestion. In order to do this, it must inhibit the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in an effort to optimize blood flow to the digestive tract causing low heart and respiratory rates. parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response (VanPutte Regan Russo 2014).

text: The autonomic nervous system controls all automatic functions in the body and contains two subsections within it that aids in response to an acute stress reaction. These two subunits are the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "

text: fight or flight

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: skeletal system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: acute stress

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the sympathetic nervous system also stimulate?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the effect of pupil dilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs, and skeletal muscles.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lungs, and skeletal muscles.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: to the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nerve fibers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: digestive system and the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skeletal system and muscular system

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: , lungs, and skeletal muscles.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: digestive system and urinary system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

text: In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish in contrast have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

text: In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right

text: atria

text: ; and lower left and right

text: ventricles

text: . Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish in contrast have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to

text: heart valve

text: s, which prevent

text: backflow

text: . The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the

text: pericardium

text: , which also contains a small amount of

text: fluid

text: . The wall of the heart is made up of three layers:

text: epicardium

text: myocardium

text: , and

text: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the heart: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which chambers contract first?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: epicardium, myocardium, or endocardium?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: atria, atria, or ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atrium, ventricle, or pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in a ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows one way through the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the right heart: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: prevent backflow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atria; and lower left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: humans,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: upper left and right atria;

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: upper left and right atria;

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria;

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: one way through the heart due to heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: one way

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart valves,

text: As early as the 17th century, William Harvey had already discerned the existence of the Ductus Arteriosus and explained its relative function. Here he says, "...in embryos, whilst the lungs are in a state of inaction, performing no function, subject to no movement any more than if they had not been present, Nature uses the two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one for the transmission of the blood." However, the apex of Harvey's work is probably the eighth chapter, in which he deals with the actual quantity of blood passing through the heart from the veins to the arteries. Coming into conflict with Galen's accepted view of the liver as the origin of venous blood, Harvey estimated the capacity of the heart, how much blood is expelled through each pump of the heart, and the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour. All of these estimates were purposefully low, so that people could see the vast amount of blood Galen's theory required the liver to produce. He estimated that the capacity of the heart was , and that every time the heart pumps, 1/8 of that blood is expelled. This led to Harvey's estimate that about  of blood went through the heart every time it pumped. The next estimate he used was that the heart beats 1000 times every half an hour, which gave 10 pounds 6 ounces of blood in a half an hour, and when this number was multiplied by 48 half hours in a day he realized that the liver would have to produce 540 pounds of blood in a day.

text: As early as the 17th century, William Harvey had already discerned the existence of the

text: Ductus Arteriosus

text: and explained its relative function. Here he says, "...in

text: embryos

text: , whilst the

text: lungs

text: are in a state of inaction, performing no function, subject to no movement any more than if they had not been present,

text: Nature

text: uses the two

text: ventricles

text: of the

text: heart

text: as if they formed but one for the transmission of the

text: blood

text: ." However, the apex of Harvey's work is probably the eighth chapter, in which he deals with the actual quantity of

text: blood

text: passing through the

text: heart

text: from the

text: veins

text: to the

text: arteries

text: . Coming into conflict with

text: Galen

text: 's accepted view of the

text: liver

text: as the origin of

text: venous

text: blood

text: , Harvey estimated the capacity of the

text: heart

text: , how much

text: blood

text: is expelled through each

text: pump

text: of the

text: heart

text: , and the number of times the

text: heart

text: beats in a half an hour. All of these estimates were purposefully low, so that people could see the vast amount of

text: blood

text: Galen

text: 's theory required the

text: liver

text: to produce. He estimated that the capacity of the

text: heart

text: was , and that every time the

text: heart

text: pumps, 1/8 of that

text: blood

text: is expelled. This led to Harvey's estimate that about  of

text: blood

text: went through the

text: heart

text: every time it pumped. The next estimate he used was that the

text: heart

text: beats 1000 times every half an hour, which gave 10 pounds 6 ounces of

text: blood

text: in a half an hour, and when this number was multiplied by 48 half hours in a day he realized that the

text: liver

text: would have to produce 540 pounds of

text: blood

text: in a day.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: the number of times the heart beats

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why must veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Harvey's work deal with?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: how much blood is expelled through each pump

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ductus Arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the lungs are in a state of inaction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: From the veins to the arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Ductus Arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins to the arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: capacity of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Ductus Arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 1/8 of that blood is expelled.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 10 pounds 6 ounces

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 10 pounds 6 ounces

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 1/8 of that blood is expelled.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ductus Arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lungs are in a state of inaction,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins to the arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins to the arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 540 pounds of blood in a day.

text: In severe heat stroke, there may be confused, hostile, or seemingly intoxicated behavior.  Heart rate and respiration rate will increase (tachycardia and tachypnea) as blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.  The decrease in blood pressure can then cause blood vessels to contract reflexly, resulting in a pale or bluish skin color in advanced cases.  Young children, in particular, may have seizures. Eventually, organ failure, unconsciousness and death will result.

text: In severe heat stroke, there may be confused, hostile, or seemingly intoxicated behavior.  Heart rate and respiration rate will increase (

text: tachycardia

text: and

text: tachypnea

text: ) as blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate

text: circulation

text: .  The decrease in blood pressure can then cause blood vessels to contract reflexly, resulting in a pale or bluish skin color in advanced cases.  Young children, in particular, may have

text: seizures

text: . Eventually,

text: organ failure

text: unconsciousness

text: and

text: death

text: will result.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heat stroke

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to contract reflexively?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of severe heat stroke?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure drops

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: contracted reflexly

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Eventually, organ failure, unconsciousness and death will result.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart rate and respiration rate will increase (tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (tachycardia and tachypnea)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulation.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: tachypnea)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heat stroke,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (tachycardia and tachypnea)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: tachypnea)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiration rate

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: circulation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood pressure drops and the heart attempts to maintain adequate circulation.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels to contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract reflexly,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heat stroke,

text: Depending upon "how much venom is in the bloodstream, and how close the venom is until it enters the heart", the transformation could last anywhere from 2–5 days. During this time, the human will endure indescribable pain. Once the venom is injected, the sensation is described as very similar to being burned alive. The venom will then make its way throughout the body. Next through the heart, and it will pump again and again in the heart until it starts meeting itself in the veins. Then it will burn all the veins until the heart stops beating. It moves slower than blood because it is thicker, which makes the transformation long-lasting. Each beat of the heart can only push it so far. The changing/burning process is slow. The venom has to saturate every cell in the body before the process can be completed.

text: Depending upon "how much venom is in the bloodstream, and how close the venom is until it enters the heart", the transformation could last anywhere from 2–5 days. During this time, the human will endure indescribable pain. Once the venom is injected, the sensation is described as very similar to being burned alive. The venom will then make its way throughout the body. Next through the heart, and it will pump again and again in the heart until it starts meeting itself in the veins. Then it will burn all the veins until the heart stops beating. It moves slower than blood because it is thicker, which makes the transformation long-lasting. Each beat of the heart can only push it so far. The changing/burning process is slow. The venom has to saturate every cell in the body before the process can be completed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart stops beating

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: venom

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart can only push it so far?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a vein: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood moves faster than capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why does it move slower than blood?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: the heart stops beating.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: "how much venom

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Each beat of the heart can only push it so far.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thicker,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: thicker,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood because it is thicker,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It moves slower than blood

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Depending upon "how much venom is in the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Depending upon "how much venom is in the bloodstream,

text: The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word vascular, meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel. A few structures (such as cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled.

text: The blood vessels are the part of the

text: circulatory system

text: that transports

text: blood

text: throughout the

text: human body

text: . There are three major types of blood vessels: the

text: arteries

text: , which carry the blood away from the

text: heart

text: ; the

text: capillaries

text: , which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the

text: tissues

text: ; and the

text: vein

text: s, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word vascular, meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel. A few structures (such as

text: cartilage

text: and the

text: lens

text: of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a major type of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart, the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues, or the veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the first type of blood vessel mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart, the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues, or the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart;

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart;

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The blood vessels

text: Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic (maximum during one heart beat) pressure over diastolic (minimum in between two heart beats) pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), above the surrounding atmospheric pressure (considered to be zero for convenience).

text: Blood pressure (BP) is the

text: pressure

text: of circulating

text: blood

text: on the walls of

text: blood vessel

text: s. When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the

text: arterial

text: pressure in the

text: systemic circulation

text: . Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the

text: systolic

text: (maximum during one heart beat) pressure over

text: diastolic

text: (minimum in between two heart beats) pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (

text: mmHg

text: ), above the surrounding atmospheric pressure (considered to be zero for convenience).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: systolic (maximum during one heart beat) pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of systolic?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systolic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic circulation.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: systolic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial pressure in the systemic circulation.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: diastolic (minimum in between two heart beats)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood pressure

text: Although most veins take blood back to the heart, there is an exception. Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds. For example, the hepatic portal vein takes blood from the capillary beds in the digestive tract and transports it to the capillary beds in the liver. The blood is then drained in the gastrointestinal tract and spleen, where it is taken up by the hepatic veins, and blood is taken back into the heart. Since this is an important function in mammals, damage to the hepatic portal vein can be dangerous. Blood clotting in the hepatic portal vein can cause portal hypertension, which results in a decrease of blood fluid to the liver.

text: Although most veins take blood back to the heart, there is an exception. Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds. For example, the hepatic portal vein takes blood from the capillary beds in the digestive tract and transports it to the capillary beds in the liver. The blood is then drained in the gastrointestinal tract and spleen, where it is taken up by the hepatic veins, and blood is taken back into the heart. Since this is an important function in mammals, damage to the hepatic portal vein can be dangerous. Blood clotting in the hepatic portal vein can cause portal hypertension, which results in a decrease of blood fluid to the liver.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: portal hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the hepatic portal vein carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary beds

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: most veins take blood back to the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The hepatic portal vein takes blood from the capillary beds

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, liver, or portal vein?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Portal veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: portal hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Portal veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Portal veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: portal hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: most veins take blood back to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: most veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Portal veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Portal veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hepatic portal vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: most veins take blood back to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: veins take blood back to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: most veins take blood back to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: most veins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: portal hypertension,

text: An oxygenator is a medical device that is capable of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood of human patient during surgical procedures that may necessitate the interruption or cessation of blood flow in the body, a critical organ or great blood vessel. These organs can be the heart, lungs or liver, while the great vessels can be the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava. An oxygenator is typically utilized by a perfusionist in cardiac surgery in conjunction with the heart-lung machine. However, oxygenators can also be utilized in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonatal intensive care units by nurses.

text: An oxygenator is a medical device that is capable of exchanging

text: oxygen

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: in the blood of human patient during surgical procedures that may necessitate the interruption or cessation of blood flow in the body, a critical organ or great blood vessel. These organs can be the

text: heart

text: lung

text: s or

text: liver

text: , while the great vessels can be the

text: aorta

text: pulmonary artery

text: pulmonary veins

text: or

text: vena cava

text: . An oxygenator is typically utilized by a

text: perfusionist

text: in

text: cardiac surgery

text: in conjunction with the

text: heart-lung machine

text: . However, oxygenators can also be utilized in

text: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

text: in neonatal intensive care units by

text: nurses

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac surgery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lungs or liver

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a critical organ or great blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a great vessel: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygenator

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries can be utilized in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac surgery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac surgery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart, lungs or liver,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: great vessels can be the aorta, pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygenator

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary veins or vena cava.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.

text: AEN has never been recorded as a one symptom disorder, but instead present by multiple symptoms. The symptoms vary from the severity of the disorder. The most classic sign of AEN is the dark pigmentation of esophageal mucosa in an upper endoscopy, usually viewed as an ulcer or as an infectious disease. Necrosis can be found mostly between the three distals of the esophagus, but stops abruptly at the gastroesophageal junction. The basic and most common symptoms reported are blood in stool and blood in vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding then is reported, and is very commonly represented in elderly patients. Black or bloody stools and hematemesis account for over three quarters of the case presentations.  Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and unstable vital signs are common.  A cardiovascular event (such as a heart attack) was reported in ten percent of the total known cases.

text: AEN has never been recorded as a one symptom disorder, but instead present by multiple symptoms. The symptoms vary from the severity of the disorder. The most classic sign of AEN is the dark pigmentation of esophageal mucosa in an upper endoscopy, usually viewed as an ulcer or as an infectious disease. Necrosis can be found mostly between the three distals of the esophagus, but stops abruptly at the

text: gastroesophageal junction

text: . The basic and most common symptoms reported are

text: blood in stool

text: and

text: blood in vomiting

text: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

text: then is reported, and is very commonly represented in elderly patients. Black or bloody stools and hematemesis account for over three quarters of the case presentations.  Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and unstable vital signs are common.  A cardiovascular event (such as a

text: heart attack

text: ) was reported in ten percent of the total known cases.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular event

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elderly patients

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the most common symptom of AEN?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of AEN: blood in stool and blood in vomiting?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the basic and most common symptoms reported?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of AEN?

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: mucosa

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The basic and most common symptoms reported are blood in stool and blood in vomiting

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: esophageal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elderly patients.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart attack)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood in stool and blood in vomiting.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: esophageal mucosa

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: one symptom disorder,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood in stool and blood in vomiting.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular event (such as a heart attack)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: gastroesophageal junction.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: AEN

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ten percent of the total known cases.

text: Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration. While vasomotion was first observed by Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated, however several hypotheses have been put forth.

text: Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in

text: tone

text: of

text: blood vessel

text: walls, independent of

text: heart beat

text: innervation

text: or

text: respiration

text: . While vasomotion was first observed by Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated, however several hypotheses have been put forth.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasomotor

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel walls, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: innervation or respiration.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiration.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: innervation

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beat,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiration.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: respiration.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: innervation or respiration.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasomotion

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vasomotion

text: The sounds heard during measurement of blood pressure are not the same as the heart sounds 'lub' and 'dub' that are due to vibrations inside the ventricles that are associated with the snapping shut of the valves. If a stethoscope is placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa in a normal person (without arterial disease), no sound should be audible. As the heart beats, these pulses are transmitted smoothly via laminar (non-turbulent) blood flow throughout the arteries, and no sound is produced. Similarly, if the cuff of a sphygmomanometer is placed around a patient's upper arm and inflated to a pressure above the patient's systolic blood pressure, there will be no sound audible. This is because the pressure in the cuff is high enough such that it completely occludes the blood flow. This is similar to a flexible tube or pipe with fluid in it that is being pinched shut.

text: The sounds heard during measurement of blood pressure are not the same as the heart sounds 'lub' and 'dub' that are due to vibrations inside the ventricles that are associated with the snapping shut of the valves. If a

text: stethoscope

text: is placed over the

text: brachial artery

text: in the

text: antecubital fossa

text: in a normal person (without arterial disease), no sound should be audible. As the

text: heart

text: beats, these pulses are transmitted smoothly via laminar (non-turbulent) blood flow throughout the arteries, and no sound is produced. Similarly, if the cuff of a

text: sphygmomanometer

text: is placed around a patient's upper arm and inflated to a pressure above the patient's

text: systolic blood pressure

text: , there will be no sound audible. This is because the pressure in the cuff is high enough such that it completely occludes the

text: blood

text: flow

text: . This is similar to a flexible tube or pipe with fluid in it that is being pinched shut.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: brachial artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the brachial artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: brachial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: no sound should be audible

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: laminar

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: This flexible tube or pipe with fluid in it that is being pinched shut

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: no sound should be audible

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial disease),

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: brachial artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brachial artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arterial disease),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricles that are associated with the snapping shut of the valves.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: laminar (non-turbulent) blood flow

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: laminar (non-turbulent) blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: brachial artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: flexible tube or pipe with fluid in it that is being pinched shut.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: laminar

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: inflated

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arterial disease),

text: A blood vessel starts from the peritoneum (the membrane that loosely encloses the stomach), with blind capillaries supplying the stomach. The blood vessel leads up the middle of the body to a circular vessel at the base of the lophophore, and from there a single blind vessel runs up each tentacle. A pair of blood vessels near the body wall lead downward from the lophophore ring, and in most species these are combined into one a little below the lophophore ring. The downward vessel(s) leads back to the peritoneum, and also to blind branches throughout the body. There is no heart, but muscles in the major vessels contract in waves to move the blood. Unlike many animals that live in tubes, phoronids do not ventilate their trunks with oxygenated water, but rely on respiration by the lophophore, which extends above hypoxic sediments. The blood has hemocytes containing hemoglobin, which unusual in such small animals and seems to be an adaptation to anoxic and hypoxic environments. The blood of Phoronis  architecta carries as much oxygen per cm as that of most vertebrates; the blood's volume in cm per gm of body weight is twice that of a human.

text: A blood vessel starts from the

text: peritoneum

text: (the

text: membrane

text: that loosely encloses the stomach), with blind

text: capillaries

text: supplying the stomach. The blood vessel leads up the middle of the body to a circular vessel at the base of the lophophore, and from there a single blind vessel runs up each tentacle. A pair of blood vessels near the body wall lead downward from the lophophore ring, and in most species these are combined into one a little below the lophophore ring. The downward vessel(s) leads back to the peritoneum, and also to blind branches throughout the body. There is no heart, but muscles in the major vessels contract in waves to move the blood. Unlike many animals that live in tubes, phoronids do not ventilate their trunks with oxygenated water, but rely on

text: respiration

text: by the lophophore, which extends above

text: hypoxic

text: sediments. The blood has hemocytes containing

text: hemoglobin

text: , which unusual in such small animals and seems to be an adaptation to

text: anoxic and hypoxic

text: environments. The blood of Phoronis  architecta carries as much oxygen per cm as that of most

text: vertebrate

text: s; the blood's volume in cm per gm of body weight is twice that of a human.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stomach

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a major vessel: the peritoneum, the lophophore ring, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the blood of Phoronis architecta contain?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood of Phoronis architecta carries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the blood's volume in cm per gm of body weight is twice that of a human?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels near the body wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lophophore

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There is no heart, but muscles in the major vessels contract in waves to move the blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which vessel(s) leads back to the peritoneum, and also to blind branches throughout the body

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: peritoneum, lophophore, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: muscles in the major vessels contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypoxic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: body weight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: downward from the lophophore ring,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: There is no heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscles in the major vessels contract in waves to move the blood.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: as much oxygen per cm as that of most vertebrates;

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: twice that of a human.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lophophore,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscles in the major vessels contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blind capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major vessels contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lophophore,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blind capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: muscles in the major vessels contract in waves to move the blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: twice that of a human.

text: Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, CHF, abnormalities of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and microvascular disease, and cardiac arrhythmias. Individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy are at increased risk for, stroke, CHF, and sudden death. Aggressive control of hypertension can regress or reverse left ventricular hypertrophy and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. left ventricular hypertrophy are seen in 25% of the hypertensive patients and can easily be diagnosed by using echocardiography. Underlying mechanisms of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy are of 2 types: mechanical, mainly leading to myocyte hypertrophy; neuro-hormonal, mainly resulting in a fibroblastic proliferation.

text: Hypertensive heart disease

text: is the result of structural and functional adaptations leading to

text: left ventricular hypertrophy

text: diastolic dysfunction

text: CHF

text: , abnormalities of

text: blood flow

text: due to

text: atherosclerotic

text: coronary artery disease

text: and

text: microvascular disease

text: , and

text: cardiac arrhythmias

text: . Individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy are at increased risk for,

text: stroke

text: CHF

text: , and

text: sudden death

text: . Aggressive control of hypertension can regress or reverse left ventricular hypertrophy and reduce the risk of

text: cardiovascular disease

text: . left ventricular hypertrophy are seen in 25% of the hypertensive patients and can easily be diagnosed by using

text: echocardiography

text: . Underlying mechanisms of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy are of 2 types:

text: mechanical

text: , mainly leading to

text: myocyte

text: hypertrophy

text: neuro-hormonal

text: , mainly resulting in a

text: fibroblast

text: ic

text: proliferation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: CHF

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocyte

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormality of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of hypertensive hypertrophy: mechanical, mainly leading to myocyte hypertrophy, or neuro-hormonal?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of abnormalities of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and microvascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormality of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and microvascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not affected by hypertension

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormality of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a result of structural and functional adaptations leading to hypertensive heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormality of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, coronary artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: mechanical, mainly leading to myocyte hypertrophy, or neuro-hormonal?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: microvascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: CHF,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocyte

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: fibroblastic proliferation.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and microvascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: neuro-hormonal,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocyte

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: microvascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Hypertensive heart disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: neuro-hormonal,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: fibroblastic proliferation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

text: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG), may be corrupted by noise from the AC mains.  The exact frequency of the power and its harmonics may vary from moment to moment.

text: The recording of a heart beat (an

text: ECG

text: ), may be corrupted by noise from the

text: AC mains

text: .  The exact frequency of the power and its

text: harmonics

text: may vary from moment to moment.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: AC mains

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: AC mains

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The exact frequency of the power and its harmonics may vary

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the blood vessels did not dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AC mains

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries can not be corrupted by noise

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a left and a right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The exact frequency of the power and its harmonics may vary from moment to moment

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: AC mains.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ECG),

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: AC mains.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ECG),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ECG),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: noise from the AC mains.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ECG),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ECG), may be corrupted by noise from the AC mains.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The recording of a heart beat

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The recording of a heart beat

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: AC mains.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The recording of a heart beat

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ECG),

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The recording of a heart beat

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The recording of a heart beat (an ECG),

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The recording of a heart beat

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ECG), may be corrupted by noise from the AC mains.

text: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase wrapping caused by the under estimation of maximum blood velocity in the image. The fast moving blood about maximum set velocity for phase-contrast MRA gets aliased and the signal wraps from pi to -pi  instead making flow information unreliable. This can be avoided by using velocity encoding (VENC) values above the maximum measured velocity. It can also be corrected with the so-called phase-unwrapping.Maxwell terms: caused by the switching of the gradients field in the main field B0. This cause the over magnetic field to be distort and give inaccurate phase information for the flow.Acceleration: accelerating blood flow is not properly encoded by phase-contrast techniques and can lead to errors in quantifying blood flow.Time-of-flight MRA:Saturation artifact due to laminar flow: In many vessels, blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel. This causes blood near the vessel walls to become saturated and can reduce the apparent caliber of the vessel.Venetian blind' artifact: Because the technique acquires images in slabs, a non-uniform flip angle across the slab can appear as horizontal stripe in the composed images.

text: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase wrapping caused by the under estimation of maximum blood velocity in the image. The fast moving blood about maximum set velocity for phase-contrast MRA gets aliased and the signal wraps from pi to -pi  instead making flow information unreliable. This can be avoided by using velocity encoding (VENC) values above the maximum measured velocity. It can also be corrected with the so-called phase-unwrapping.Maxwell terms: caused by the switching of the gradients field in the main field B0. This cause the over magnetic field to be distort and give inaccurate phase information for the flow.Acceleration: accelerating blood flow is not properly encoded by phase-contrast techniques and can lead to errors in quantifying blood flow.Time-of-flight MRA:Saturation artifact due to laminar flow: In many vessels, blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel. This causes blood near the vessel walls to become saturated and can reduce the apparent caliber of the vessel.Venetian blind' artifact: Because the technique acquires images in slabs, a non-uniform flip angle across the slab can appear as horizontal stripe in the composed images.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood near the vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: accelerated blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart is responsible for contracting the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: muscular, skeletal, or vascular?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the switching of the gradients field?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the switching of the gradients field?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery walls

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood vessels are made of

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as what?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Venetian blind

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: accelerating blood flow is not properly encoded by phase-contrast techniques

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thinner walls.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What can be corrected with the so-called phase-unwrapping?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vessel.Venetian blind'

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: phase-unwrapping.Maxwell terms:

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: flow.Time-of-flight

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: center

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: MRA:Saturation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: accelerating blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: flow.Time-of-flight

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: phase-unwrapping.Maxwell terms:

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: accelerating blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vessel.Venetian

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: reduce the apparent caliber of the vessel.Venetian

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood flow is slower near the vessel walls than near the center of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: accelerating blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Phase-contrast MRA:Phase

text: A tarantula’s blood is unique (not only by appearance); an oxygen-transporting protein is present (the copper-based hemocyanin) but not enclosed in blood cells such as the erythrocytes of mammals. A tarantula’s blood is not true blood but rather a liquid called haemolymph, or hemolymph. There are at least four types of hemocytes, or hemolymph cells. The tarantula’s heart is a long slender tube that is located along the top of the opisthosoma. The heart is neurogenic as opposed to myogenic, so nerve cells instead of muscle cells initiate and coordinate the heart. The heart pumps hemolymph to all parts of the body through open passages often referred to as sinuses, and not through a circular system of blood vessels. If the exoskeleton is breached, loss of hemolymph will kill the tarantula unless the wound is small enough that the hemolymph can dry and close the wound.

text: A tarantula’s blood is unique (not only by appearance); an oxygen-transporting protein is present (the copper-based

text: hemocyanin

text: ) but not enclosed in blood cells such as the erythrocytes of mammals. A tarantula’s blood is not true blood but rather a liquid called

text: haemolymph

text: , or hemolymph. There are at least four types of hemocytes, or hemolymph cells. The tarantula’s heart is a long slender tube that is located along the top of the opisthosoma. The heart is neurogenic as opposed to myogenic, so nerve cells instead of muscle cells initiate and coordinate the heart. The heart pumps hemolymph to all parts of the body through open passages often referred to as sinuses, and not through a circular system of blood vessels. If the exoskeleton is breached, loss of hemolymph will kill the tarantula unless the wound is small enough that the hemolymph can dry and close the wound.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tarantula

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerve cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart pumps hemolymph to all parts of the body through open passages often referred to as sinuses?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of hemolymph: haemolymph, or hemolymph cells?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the tarantula's blood differ from that of humans?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen-transporting protein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nerve cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a circular system of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle cells: nerve cells instead of muscle cells initiate and coordinate the heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the copper-based hemocyanin of mammals contain?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: circular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myogenic,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: If the exoskeleton is breached,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nerve cells instead of muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myogenic,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: nerve cells instead of muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: nerve cells instead of muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hemolymph

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nerve cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: circular system of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: open passages often referred to as sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The heart is neurogenic as opposed to myogenic,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart is neurogenic

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: long slender tube

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: erythrocytes of mammals.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: mammals.

text: Lateral hearts of earthworms, also known as commissural vessels, are found between the body segments six and thirteen. These vessels run on either side of the alimentary canal and pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

text: Lateral hearts of

text: earthworm

text: s, also known as commissural vessels, are found between the body segments six and thirteen. These vessels run on either side of the alimentary canal and pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: lateral, atria, or commissural?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: Lateral hearts, dorsal vessels, or ventral vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: dorsal, commissural, or ventral?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins, and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: Lateral hearts, commissural vessels, or atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Lateral hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Lateral hearts of earthworms,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: commissural

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: commissural vessels, are found between the body segments six and thirteen.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: alimentary canal

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Lateral hearts of earthworms, also known as commissural vessels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: commissural vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Lateral hearts of earthworms, also known as commissural vessels,

text: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium. Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles, or the ventricles from a blood vessel. Heart valves are situated around the fibrous rings of the cardiac skeleton. The valves incorporate leaflets or cusps, which are pushed open to allow blood flow and which then close together to seal and prevent backflow. The mitral valve has two cusps, whereas the others have three. There are nodules at the tips of the cusps that make the seal tighter.

text: The heart valves and the

text: chambers

text: are lined with

text: endocardium

text: . Heart valves separate the

text: atria

text: from the

text: ventricles

text: , or the ventricles from a

text: blood vessel

text: . Heart valves are situated around the

text: fibrous rings

text: of the

text: cardiac skeleton

text: . The valves incorporate leaflets or cusps, which are pushed open to allow blood flow and which then close together to seal and prevent backflow. The mitral valve has two cusps, whereas the others have three. There are nodules at the tips of the cusps that make the seal tighter.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not lined with endocardium: mitral valve, atria, or chambers?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not lined with endocardium: the mitral valve, the atria, or the chambers?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: veins, heart, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of leaflets or cusps?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nodules

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: are lined with endocardium

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The atria receives blood from the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not lined with endocardium: the mitral valve, the atria, or the ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the mitral valve, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles from a blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pushed open to allow blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: backflow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pushed open to allow blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The heart valves and the chambers are lined with endocardium.

text: In contrast, deep neurovascular bundle, with arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries are the vessels that transfer the blood pumped by the heart to the entire body. The blood in arteries have high blood pressure. So outside the endothelium structure, arteries also have a smooth muscle and a connective tissue structure. These compositions enable the arteries to contract and transfer the blood.

text: In contrast, deep neurovascular bundle, with arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries are the vessels that transfer the blood pumped by the heart to the entire body. The blood in arteries have high blood pressure. So outside the endothelium structure, arteries also have a smooth muscle and a connective tissue structure. These compositions enable the arteries to contract and transfer the blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: deep neurovascular bundle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: deep neurovascular bundle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: deep neurovascular bundle, with arteries in it, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: arteries, smooth muscle, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the blood in arteries have high blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood in arteries have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of structure: smooth muscle and a connective tissue structure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: deep neurovascular bundle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle and a connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: deep neurovascular bundle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The blood in capillaries have high blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteries are the vessels that transfer the blood to the entire body

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: deep neurovascular bundle, with arteries in it, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, smooth muscle, or connective tissue?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: high blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries also have a smooth muscle and a connective tissue structure.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The blood in arteries have high blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle and a connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries in it, has a more complicated composition. Arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract and transfer the blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: deep neurovascular bundle,

text: The circulatory system is often seen to comprise two separate systems: the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood, and the lymphatic system, which circulates lymph. The passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood. Blood is a fluid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues. Lymph is essentially recycled excess blood plasma after it has been filtered from the interstitial fluid (between cells) and returned to the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular (from Latin words meaning "heart" and "vessel") system comprises the blood, heart, and blood vessels. The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the lymphatic system, which returns filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid (between cells) as lymph.

text: The circulatory system is often seen to comprise two separate systems: the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood, and the

text: lymphatic system

text: , which circulates

text: lymph

text: . The passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood. Blood is a fluid consisting of

text: plasma

text: red blood cell

text: s,

text: white blood cell

text: s, and

text: platelets

text: that is circulated by the

text: heart

text: through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues. Lymph is essentially recycled excess blood plasma after it has been

text: filtered

text: from the

text: interstitial fluid

text: (between cells) and returned to the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular (from Latin words meaning "heart" and "vessel") system comprises the blood, heart, and

text: blood vessel

text: s. The lymph,

text: lymph node

text: s, and

text: lymph vessels

text: form the lymphatic system, which returns filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid (between cells) as lymph.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: waste materials

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac nodes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: the blood, heart, and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How is blood circulated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells and platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular system: the blood, heart, and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the passage of lymph for example takes much longer than that of blood?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph nodes,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymph.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Lymph

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymph.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymph.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vertebrate vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Lymph

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymph.

text: Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood (they have no appreciable peristalsis), but arteries—and veins to a degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer. This changes the blood flow to downstream organs, and is determined by the autonomic nervous system. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as methods of thermoregulation.

text: Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood (they have no appreciable

text: peristalsis

text: ), but arteries—and veins to a degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer. This changes the blood flow to downstream organs, and is determined by the

text: autonomic nervous system

text: . Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as methods of

text: thermoregulation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: downstream organs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular layer

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscular layer

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: downstream organs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular layer.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: downstream organs,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: (they have no appreciable peristalsis),

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: downstream organs,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries—and

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: thermoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood

text: A congenital heart defect (CHD) is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels of a newborn. Most heart defects either obstruct blood flow in the heart or vessels near it or cause blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern, although other defects affecting heart rhythm such as long QT syndrome can also occur. Heart defects are among the most common birth defects and congenital birth defects  are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths.

text: A

text: congenital heart defect

text: (CHD) is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels of a newborn. Most heart defects either obstruct blood flow in the heart or vessels near it or cause blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern, although other defects affecting heart rhythm such as long QT syndrome can also occur. Heart defects are among the most common birth defects and congenital birth defects  are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: long QT syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: long QT syndrome

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: birth defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congenital birth defects?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: QT syndrome

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: in an abnormal pattern

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a congenital birth defect (CHD) mean?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: long QT syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: great vessels of a newborn.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: long QT syndrome

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: rhythm

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: great vessels of a newborn. Most heart defects

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Most heart defects

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessels near it or cause blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart in an abnormal pattern,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: abnormal pattern,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Most heart defects either obstruct blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: A congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Most heart defects either obstruct blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital heart defect

text: The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune surveillance system. Blood contains fluid and blood cells. The fluid, which may contain suspended foreign material such as bacteria and viruses, seeps through blood vessel walls into the tissues, where it bathes the body cells and exchanges substances with them. Some of this fluid is then taken up by lymphatic vessels and passed back to the heart, where it is again mixed with the blood. On its way the fluid passes through the lymph nodes. If nodes detect something foreign passing through them such as a bacterium or a cancer cell they will swell up. This is called lymphadenopathy or swollen glands. Usually this is localised (for example an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up), but when it is in two or more regions, it is called generalized lymphadenopathy.

text: The

text: lymphatic system

text: is part of the body's

text: immune surveillance system

text: Blood

text: contains

text: fluid

text: and blood

text: cell

text: s. The fluid, which may contain suspended foreign material such as

text: bacteria

text: and

text: virus

text: es, seeps through

text: blood vessel

text: walls into the

text: tissues

text: , where it bathes the body cells and exchanges substances with them. Some of this fluid is then taken up by

text: lymphatic vessel

text: s and passed back to the heart, where it is again mixed with the blood. On its way the fluid passes through the

text: lymph node

text: s. If nodes detect something foreign passing through them such as a bacterium or a cancer cell they will swell up. This is called

text: lymphadenopathy

text: or swollen glands. Usually this is localised (for example an infected spot on the

text: scalp

text: will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up), but when it is in two or more regions, it is called generalized lymphadenopathy.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphadenopathy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: lymphatic vessels and passed back to the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: blood contains fluid and blood cells?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fluid: fluid or blood cells?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood contains fluid and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not part of the immune surveillance system: lymphatic vessels or blood?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system: right atrium, right ventricle, or lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, lymphatic vessels, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that lymphatic vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: generalized lymphadenopathy.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: bacteria and viruses,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph nodes.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymph nodes.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: generalized lymphadenopathy.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph nodes.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph nodes.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymph nodes.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: generalized lymphadenopathy.

text: Mural thrombi are thrombi that adhere to the wall of a blood vessel. They occur in large vessels such as the heart and aorta, and can restrict blood flow but usually do not block it entirely.  They appear grey-red with alternating light and dark lines (known as lines of Zahn) which represent bands of fibrin (lighter) with entrapped white blood cells and red blood cells (darker).

text: Mural thrombi are thrombi that adhere to the wall of a blood vessel. They occur in large vessels such as the heart and

text: aorta

text: , and can restrict blood flow but usually do not block it entirely.  They appear grey-red with alternating light and dark lines (known as

text: lines of Zahn

text: ) which represent bands of fibrin (lighter) with entrapped white blood cells and red blood cells (darker).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thrombi: mural thrombi or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thrombi: mural thrombi or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: heart, aorta, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thrombi: mural thrombi or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thrombi: mural thrombi, thrombi that adhere to the wall of a blood vessel, or thrombi that do not adhere to the wall?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: thrombi

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They occur in large vessels such as the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Mural thrombi occur in large vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart and aorta,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and aorta,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Mural thrombi

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: restrict blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Mural thrombi

text: In this disease, there is a build of the amyloid beta protein in the brain. This ultimately leads to a reduction in the haemodynamic response and less blood flow in the brain. This reduced cerebral blood flow not only kills neuronal cells because of shortages in oxygen and glucose but it also reduces the brain’s ability to remove amyloid beta. In a healthy brain, these protein fragments are broken down and eliminated. In Alzheimer's disease, the fragments accumulate to form hard, insoluble plaques which reduce blood flow. Two proteins are involved in this accumulation of amyloid beta: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin. Together, these 2 proteins determine whether smooth muscle of blood vessels contract. SRF and myocardin are more active in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. When these proteins are active, they turn on SREBP2 which inhibits LRP-1. LRP-1 helps the brain remove amyloid beta. Therefore, when SRF and myocardin are active, there is a buildup in amyloid beta protein which ultimately leads to less blood flow in the brain because of contracted blood vessels.

text: In this disease, there is a build of the

text: amyloid beta

text: protein in the brain. This ultimately leads to a reduction in the haemodynamic response and less blood flow in the brain. This reduced cerebral blood flow not only kills neuronal cells because of shortages in oxygen and glucose but it also reduces the brain’s ability to remove amyloid beta. In a healthy brain, these protein fragments are broken down and eliminated. In Alzheimer's disease, the fragments accumulate to form hard, insoluble plaques which reduce blood flow. Two proteins are involved in this accumulation of amyloid beta:

text: serum response factor

text: or

text: SRF

text: and myocardin. Together, these 2 proteins determine whether smooth muscle of blood vessels contract. SRF and myocardin are more active in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. When these proteins are active, they turn on SREBP2 which inhibits LRP-1. LRP-1 helps the brain remove amyloid beta. Therefore, when SRF and myocardin are active, there is a buildup in amyloid beta protein which ultimately leads to less blood flow in the brain because of contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Alzheimer's disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atria, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a protein involved in this accumulation of amyloid beta: serum response factor or LRP-1?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a protein involved in the accumulation of amyloid beta: serum response factor or myocardin?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: SREBP2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle and

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow in the brain because of contracted blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a protein: serum response factor or SRF or myocardin?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is NOT the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not involved in the accumulation of amyloid beta: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a protein: serum response factor, myocardin, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Alzheimer's disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Alzheimer's disease,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: smooth muscle of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: SREBP2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Alzheimer's disease,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: serum response factor or SRF and myocardin.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Alzheimer's disease,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contracted blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: amyloid beta protein

text: This condition is a febrile illness caused by immune attack of the pleura and the pericardium. Possible cell mediated immunity led by Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells is postulated to be important in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is also possibility of anti-cardiac antibodies created idiopathically, or due to concurrent cross-reactivity of the antibodies produced against viral antigens, however the latter assumption is not fool-proof or completely reliable due to conflicting studies.  It is entirely possible the autoimmune etiology is an ephiphenomenon and there is a more simple, more likely explanation like the impact of retained blood complications.  It is well described that unevaluated blood is often retained around the heart due in part to clogged chest tubes.  This blood undergoes an intense inflammatory response in part due to coagulation, and also to hemolysis, resulting in reactive oxygen species that can damage the surface of the heart and pericardium, contributing to pleural effusions, pericardial effusions, and postoperative atrial fibrillation. In light of newer understandings of the etiology intrapericardial inflammation as related to retained blood, and less likely from an immune response, it may be advisable for investigators to re-think how to best describe and develop treatments for this syndrome.

text: This condition is a febrile illness caused by immune attack of the

text: pleura

text: and the

text: pericardium

text: . Possible cell mediated immunity led by Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells is postulated to be important in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is also possibility of anti-cardiac antibodies created idiopathically, or due to concurrent cross-reactivity of the antibodies produced against viral antigens, however the latter assumption is not fool-proof or completely reliable due to conflicting studies.  It is entirely possible the autoimmune etiology is an

text: ephiphenomenon

text: and there is a more simple, more likely explanation like the impact of

text: retained blood complications

text: .  It is well described that unevaluated blood is often retained around the heart due in part to clogged

text: chest tube

text: s.  This blood undergoes an intense inflammatory response in part due to coagulation, and also to hemolysis, resulting in

text: reactive oxygen species

text: that can damage the surface of the heart and pericardium, contributing to

text: pleural effusion

text: s,

text: pericardial effusion

text: s, and postoperative

text: atrial fibrillation

text: . In light of newer understandings of the etiology intrapericardial inflammation as related to retained blood, and less likely from an immune response, it may be advisable for investigators to re-think how to best describe and develop treatments for this syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: chest tubes

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pleural

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: autoimmune etiology

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pleural

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What can damage the surface of the heart and pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pleura

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pleura

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as what?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: clogged chest tubes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pleura and the pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: postoperative atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pleura

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pleura and the pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pleura and the pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: clogged chest tubes.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells

text: There is no solid evidence that folate or vitamin B12 improves outcomes in those with cognitive problems. Statins also have no benefit in dementia. Medications for other health conditions may need to be managed differently for a person who also has a diagnosis of dementia.  The MATCH-D criteria can help identify ways that a diagnosis of dementia changes medication management for other health conditions. It is unclear if there is a link between blood pressure medication and dementia. There is a possibility that people may experience an increase in cardiovascular-related events if these medications are withdrawn.

text: There is no solid evidence that

text: folate

text: or

text: vitamin B12

text: improves outcomes in those with cognitive problems.

text: Statins

text: also have no benefit in dementia. Medications for other health conditions may need to be managed differently for a person who also has a diagnosis of dementia.  The MATCH-D criteria can help identify ways that a diagnosis of dementia changes medication management for other health conditions. It is unclear if there is a link between blood pressure medication and dementia. There is a possibility that people may experience an increase in cardiovascular-related events if these medications are withdrawn.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular-related events

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure medication

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of a vein?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a health condition: folate or vitamin B12?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have any benefit in dementia

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood pressure medication

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cognitive problems.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure medication

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Statins

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Statins also have no benefit in dementia.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Statins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular-related

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There is no solid evidence that folate or vitamin B12

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure medication

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: There is no solid evidence that folate or vitamin B12

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: There is no solid evidence that folate or vitamin B12

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood pressure medication and dementia.

text: The function of the heart is to drive blood through the circulatory system in a cycle that delivers oxygen, nutrients and chemicals to the body's cells and removes cellular waste. Because it pumps out whatever blood comes back into it from the venous system, the quantity of blood returning to the heart effectively determines the quantity of blood the heart pumps out – its cardiac output, Q. Cardiac output is classically defined alongside stroke volume (SV) and the heart rate (HR) as:

text: The function of the heart is to drive blood through the

text: circulatory system

text: in a cycle that delivers oxygen, nutrients and chemicals to the body's cells and removes cellular waste. Because it pumps out whatever blood comes back into it from the

text: venous system

text: , the quantity of blood returning to the heart effectively determines the quantity of blood the heart pumps out – its cardiac output, Q. Cardiac output is classically defined alongside

text: stroke volume

text: (SV) and the

text: heart rate

text: (HR) as:

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the function of the heart is to drive blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: From the venous system to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: preventing blood from clotting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cellular waste.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The function of the heart is to drive blood through the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous system,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiac output,

text: The Ebers Papyrus is written in hieratic Egyptian writing and preserves for us the most voluminous record of ancient Egyptian medicine known. The scroll contains some 700 magical formulas and remedies. It contains many incantations meant to turn away disease-causing demons and there is also evidence of a long tradition of empiricism. The papyrus contains a "treatise on the heart". It notes that the heart is the center of the blood supply, with vessels attached for every member of the body. The Egyptians seem to have known little about the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body—blood, tears, urine and semen. Mental disorders are detailed in a chapter of the papyrus called the Book of Hearts. Disorders such as depression and dementia are covered. The descriptions of these disorders suggest that Egyptians conceived of mental and physical diseases in much the same way. The papyrus contains chapters on contraception, diagnosis of pregnancy and other gynecological matters, intestinal disease and parasites, eye and skin problems, dentistry and the surgical treatment of abscesses and tumors, bone-setting and burns.

text: The Ebers Papyrus is written in

text: hieratic

text: Egyptian writing and preserves for us the most voluminous record of ancient Egyptian medicine known. The scroll contains some 700 magical formulas and remedies. It contains many incantations meant to turn away disease-causing demons and there is also evidence of a long tradition of empiricism. The papyrus contains a "treatise on the

text: heart

text: ". It notes that the heart is the center of the blood supply, with vessels attached for every member of the body. The

text: Egyptians

text: seem to have known little about the

text: kidney

text: s and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body—blood, tears, urine and semen. Mental disorders are detailed in a chapter of the papyrus called the Book of Hearts. Disorders such as

text: depression

text: and

text: dementia

text: are covered. The descriptions of these disorders suggest that Egyptians conceived of mental and physical diseases in much the same way. The papyrus contains chapters on contraception, diagnosis of pregnancy and other gynecological matters, intestinal disease and parasites, eye and skin problems, dentistry and the surgical treatment of abscesses and tumors, bone-setting and burns.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: dementia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: depression and dementia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fluid: blood, tears, urine and semen?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: blood, tears, urine or semen?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: blood, tears, urine or semen?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fluid: blood, tears, urine or semen?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fluid: blood, tears, urine or semen?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood, tears, urine and semen

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood, tears, urine and semen

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the "treatise on the heart"?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the kidneys, the aorta, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: dementia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tumors,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: depression and dementia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: body—blood, tears, urine and semen.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: body—blood, tears, urine and semen.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vessels attached for every member of the body.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: body—blood, tears, urine and semen.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the heart is the center of the blood supply,

text: The mammalian heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower ventricles, the discharging chambers. The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers and ensures blood flows in the correct direction through the heart (preventing backflow). After gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries (blood vessels in the lungs), oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium via one of the four pulmonary veins. Blood flows nearly continuously back into the atrium, which acts as the receiving chamber, and from here through an opening into the left ventricle. Most blood flows passively into the heart while both the atria and ventricles are relaxed, but toward the end of the ventricular relaxation period, the left atrium will contract, pumping blood into the ventricle. The heart also requires nutrients and oxygen found in blood like other muscles, and is supplied via coronary arteries.

text: The mammalian heart has four chambers, two upper

text: atria

text: , the receiving chambers, and two lower

text: ventricles

text: , the discharging chambers. The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers and ensures blood flows in the correct direction through the heart (preventing backflow). After

text: gas exchange

text: in the pulmonary capillaries (blood vessels in the lungs), oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium via one of the four

text: pulmonary vein

text: s. Blood flows nearly continuously back into the atrium, which acts as the receiving chamber, and from here through an opening into the left ventricle. Most blood flows passively into the heart while both the atria and ventricles are relaxed, but toward the end of the

text: ventricular relaxation period

text: , the left atrium will contract, pumping blood into the ventricle. The heart also requires nutrients and oxygen found in blood like other muscles, and is supplied via

text: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many upper atria do the mammalian heart have?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which happens first, the ventricles contract first, or the atria contract first?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the heart also require nutrients and oxygen found in blood like other muscles, and is supplied via coronary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary capillaries, atrium, or ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many chambers does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the atrium, the ventricle, or the pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary arteries, pulmonary veins, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the left atrium will contract, pumping blood into the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart also requires nutrients and oxygen

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: upper atria,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: backflow).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the left atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the left atrium will contract, pumping blood into the ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: receiving chamber, and from here through an opening into the left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The heart has four valves,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: backflow).

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract, pumping blood into the ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary arteries.

text: The medical report on the death certificate listed 'Schlagfluss' – that is, a stroke. A blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst. The autopsy declared 'a weakness of the cerebral vessels, and a want of sufficient energy in the heart.'  The coffin was quickly sealed and sent to the nearest seaport, to be returned to England for burial.

text: The medical report on the death certificate listed 'Schlagfluss' – that is, a stroke. A blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst. The autopsy declared 'a weakness of the cerebral vessels, and a want of sufficient energy in the heart.'  The coffin was quickly sealed and sent to the nearest seaport, to be returned to England for burial.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Schlagfluss

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lack of sufficient energy in the heart

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood-vessel near the brain?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What was the cause of the blood-vessel near the brain that burst?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood did the blood-vessel near the brain have suddenly burst?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a button

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: A blood-vessel near the brain

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a blood-vessel near the brain have that bursts?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, brain, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why did the blood-vessel near the brain have suddenly burst?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: 'Schlagfluss'

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weakness of the cerebral vessels, and a want of sufficient energy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart.'

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 'Schlagfluss'

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood-vessel near the brain

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cerebral vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.'

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A blood-vessel near the brain had suddenly burst.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood-vessel

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stroke.

text: The Framingham Heart Study is a long-term, ongoing cardiovascular cohort study on residents of the town of Framingham, Massachusetts. The study began in 1948 with 5,209 adult subjects from Framingham, and is now on its third generation of participants.  Prior to it almost nothing was known about the "epidemiology of hypertensive or arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease". Much of the now-common knowledge concerning heart disease, such as the effects of diet, exercise, and common medications such as aspirin, is based on this longitudinal study. It is a project of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in collaboration with (since 1971) Boston University.  Various health professionals from the hospitals and universities of Greater Boston staff the project.

text: The Framingham Heart Study is a long-term, ongoing

text: cardiovascular

text: cohort study

text: on residents of the town of

text: Framingham

text: Massachusetts

text: . The study began in 1948 with 5,209 adult subjects from Framingham, and is now on its third generation of participants.  Prior to it almost nothing was known about the "epidemiology of hypertensive or arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease". Much of the now-common knowledge concerning heart disease, such as the effects of

text: diet

text: exercise

text: , and common medications such as

text: aspirin

text: , is based on this

text: longitudinal study

text: . It is a project of the

entity_name: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: , in collaboration with (since 1971)

text: Boston University

text: .  Various health professionals from the hospitals and universities of

text: Greater Boston

text: staff the project.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many adult subjects from Framingham participated in the Framingham Heart Study?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the Framingham Heart Study study?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Framingham Heart Study study?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the Framingham Heart Study study look at?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The Framingham Heart Study is a long-term

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The Framingham Heart Study began in 1948 with 5,209 adult subjects from Framingham

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thinner walls than arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diet, exercise, and common medications such as aspirin,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 5,209

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The Framingham Heart Study

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Framingham Heart Study

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteriosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease".

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The Framingham Heart Study

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 5,209

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The Framingham Heart Study

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteriosclerotic

text: As the left and right coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart, they can be called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart muscle.  These relatively narrow vessels are commonly affected by atherosclerosis and can become blocked, causing angina or a heart attack. (See also: circulatory system.) The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial.

text: As the left and right coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart, they can be called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the

text: heart muscle

text: .  These relatively narrow vessels are commonly affected by

text: atherosclerosis

text: and can become blocked, causing

text: angina

text: or a

text: heart attack

text: . (See also:

text: circulatory system

text: .) The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: subendocardial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: epicardial, coronary, or subendocardial?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: epicardial, atria, or surface?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left and right coronary arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How can blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The left and right coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left and right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: subendocardial.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina or a heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left and right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: subendocardial.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardium are referred to as subendocardial.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left and right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: subendocardial.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left and right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left and right coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: epicardial coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: autoregulation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

text: Past  research has shown that anger, fear and sadness each elicit distinct responses  in the autonomic nervous system. In direct contrast, the positive emotions  appeared to have no distinguishable autonomic responses. Positive emotions do not themselves generate  cardiovascular reactivity, but instead quell any existing cardiovascular  reactivity caused by negative emotions. Put differently, a prior state of  negative emotional arousal may be a necessary backdrop to illuminate the  cardiovascular impact of positive emotions. Assuming (as most emotion theorists  do) that the cardiovascular reactivity sparked by certain negative emotions  prepares the body for specific actions, the broaden-and-build theory suggests  that positive emotions can speed recovery from—or undo—this cardiovascular  reactivity and return the body to mid-range levels of activation suitable for  pursuing a wider range of behavioral options. According to this view, positive  emotions have a unique ability to down-regulate lingering negative emotions and  the psychological and physiological states they generate. In one of the studies, they gave participants an acute stressor –  the possibility of giving a public speech.   As participants prepare for this speech their bodies exhibit increased  sympathetic nervous system activation (sweaty palms, increased heart rate,  increased blood pressure).  After a minute or so of this heightened state of arousal, participants learn that they  don’t have to give the speech after all and instead view a randomly assigned video  clip that generates a positive or negative emotion, or a state of neutrality.  Fredrickson and colleagues measured the amount of time it took each  person to recover from the anxiety about the possible speech.  Results indicated that positive emotions led  to a quicker return to a resting state than neutral or negative emotions. This is called the undoing effect.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: negative emotions

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the undoing effect?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of emotion: anger, fear or sadness?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: negative emotions elicit distinct responses in the autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the undoing effect?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the broaden-and-build theory suggest?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure).

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mid-range levels of activation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (sweaty palms, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: speed recovery from—or undo—this cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the possibility of giving a public speech.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: speed recovery from—or undo—this cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: a public speech.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: speech their bodies exhibit increased sympathetic nervous system activation

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: undoing effect.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure).

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: mid-range levels of activation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: positive emotions

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Positive emotions do not themselves generate cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: positive emotions

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: quell any existing cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: mid-range levels of activation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: speed recovery from—or undo—this cardiovascular reactivity

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: undoing effect.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: mid-range levels of activation

text: When this process becomes unregulated, LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood. These LDL molecules are oxidized and taken up by macrophages, which become engorged and form foam cells. These foam cells often become trapped in the walls of blood vessels and contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Differences in cholesterol homeostasis affect the development of early atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness). These plaques are the main causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems, leading to the association of so-called LDL cholesterol (actually a lipoprotein) with "bad" cholesterol.

text: When this process becomes unregulated, LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood. These LDL molecules are oxidized and taken up by

text: macrophages

text: , which become engorged and form foam cells. These foam cells often become trapped in the walls of blood vessels and contribute to

text: atherosclerotic plaque

text: formation. Differences in cholesterol homeostasis affect the development of early atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness). These plaques are the main causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems, leading to the association of so-called LDL cholesterol (actually a

text: lipoprotein

text: ) with "bad" cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: strokes

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: LDL cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: carotid intima-media thickness?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main cause of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main cause of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: LDL cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: macrophages

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are the main causes of heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: carotid intima-media thickness?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main cause of heart attacks and strokes?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Differences in cholesterol homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: foam cells.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: (carotid intima-media thickness).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: macrophages,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: LDL molecules without receptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (carotid intima-media thickness).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (carotid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (carotid intima-media thickness).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: When this process becomes unregulated, LDL molecules without receptors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: (carotid intima-media thickness).

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: LDL molecules without receptors begin to appear in the blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: plaques

text: Tunicates have a well-developed heart and circulatory system. The heart is a double U-shaped tube situated just below the gut. The blood vessels are simple connective tissue tubes, and their blood has several types of corpuscle. The blood may appear pale green, but this is not due to any respiratory pigments, and oxygen is transported dissolved in the plasma. Exact details of the circulatory system are unclear, but the gut, pharynx, gills, gonads, and nervous system seem to be arranged in series rather than in parallel, as happens in most other animals. Every few minutes, the heart stops beating and then restarts, pumping fluid in the reverse direction.

text: Tunicates have a well-developed

text: heart

text: and

text: circulatory system

text: . The heart is a double U-shaped tube situated just below the gut. The blood vessels are simple connective tissue tubes, and their blood has several types of

text: corpuscle

text: . The blood may appear pale green, but this is not due to any respiratory pigments, and oxygen is transported dissolved in the

text: plasma

text: . Exact details of the circulatory system are unclear, but the gut, pharynx, gills, gonads, and nervous system seem to be arranged in series rather than in parallel, as happens in most other animals. Every few minutes, the heart stops beating and then restarts, pumping fluid in the reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: connective tissue tubes

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: connective tissue tubes

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: corpuscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of corpuscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is not due to any respiratory pigments?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for the blood to appear pale green?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: connective tissue tubes

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: connective tissue tubes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood may appear pale green, but this is not due to any respiratory pigments

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The blood vessels are simple connective tissue tubes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of corpuscle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the gut

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: connective tissue tubes, and their blood has several types of corpuscle.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: oxygen is transported dissolved in the plasma.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: gut.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: gut.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: the heart stops beating

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: corpuscle.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: simple connective tissue tubes,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: dissolved in the plasma.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dissolved in the plasma.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: respiratory pigments,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: reverse direction.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The heart is a double U-shaped tube situated just below the gut.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Tunicates

text: The heart is separated into 4 chambers. Deoxygenated blood enters into the right chambers of the heart and continues through the pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated in the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns into the left side of the heart and out to the rest of the body, known as the systemic circulation. In congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects (VSD) and Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD), there may be one or multiple holes in the walls separating adjacent chambers. This causes left-to-right shunting of blood as oxygenated blood can flow back to the right side of the heart, resulting in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Increased amounts of blood on the right side of the heart cause an excess of blood flow into the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and increased pulmonary resistance due to the buildup of pressure.

text: The heart is separated into 4 chambers. Deoxygenated blood enters into the right chambers of the heart and continues through the pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated in the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns into the left side of the heart and out to the rest of the body, known as the

text: systemic circulation

text: . In congenital heart defects such as

text: ventricular septal defect

text: s (VSD) and

text: Atrioventricular septal defect

text: s (AVSD), there may be one or multiple holes in the walls separating adjacent chambers. This causes left-to-right shunting of blood as oxygenated blood can flow back to the right side of the heart, resulting in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Increased amounts of blood on the right side of the heart cause an excess of blood flow into the lungs (

text: pulmonary circulation

text: ) and increased pulmonary resistance due to the buildup of pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular septal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of defect: VSD or AVSD?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following does not carry oxygen-rich blood: pulmonary arteries or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of defect?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary arteries, aorta, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: left-to-right shunting of blood

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular septal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary resistance

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right chambers of the heart and continues through the pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ventricular septal defects

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left-to-right shunting

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital heart defects

text: The technology also allows a person's heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything. This is done using color changes in the person's face, which pulse each time the heart beats.

text: The technology also allows a person's heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything. This is done using color changes in the person's face, which pulse each time the heart beats.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a person's heart rate can be measured from a webcam without a webcam

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: face,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: technology also allows a person's heart rate to be measured

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beats.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: color changes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart rate to be measured from a webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: webcam without the person wearing anything.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: technology also allows a person's heart rate

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: technology also allows a person's heart rate to be measured

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The technology also allows a person's heart rate to be measured

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: color changes in the person's face,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: webcam without the person wearing anything.

text: He was the chairman in the Institute for heart diseases and blood vessels, and chairman of the clinic for diseases of the heart and blood vessels at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb. Goldner is the author and coauthor of more than 200 papers, which were cited more than 200 times in the world literature. He co-owns four patents from electrocardiography. Goldner mentored 10 master theses and doctoral dissertations and guided 10 completed research projects. He is the lecturer and course leader in the postgraduate studies in cardiology, pulmonary medicine, clinical pharmacology and emergency medicine. He is the member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, European Society of Cardiology and North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Goldner is the member of editorial board at the Acta medica Croatica and Journal of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology. In 1990 he was awarded with the city of Zagreb award for his discovery in the field of electrocardiography, and in 1995 with the Strossmayer award for the best scientific work.

text: He was the chairman in the Institute for heart diseases and blood vessels, and chairman of the clinic for diseases of the heart and blood vessels at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb. Goldner is the author and coauthor of more than 200 papers, which were cited more than 200 times in the world literature. He co-owns four patents from electrocardiography. Goldner mentored 10 master theses and doctoral dissertations and guided 10 completed research projects. He is the lecturer and course leader in the postgraduate studies in cardiology, pulmonary medicine, clinical pharmacology and emergency medicine. He is the member of the

text: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts

text: European Society of Cardiology

text: and North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Goldner is the member of editorial board at the Acta medica Croatica and Journal of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology. In 1990 he was awarded with the city of Zagreb award for his discovery in the field of electrocardiography, and in 1995 with the

text: Strossmayer

text: award for the best scientific work.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: electrophysiology

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Arteries, pulmonary medicine, clinical pharmacology and emergency medicine

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Goldner?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Goldner mentored 10 master theses and doctoral dissertations and guided 10 completed research projects

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle or right atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessels at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Electrophysiology.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Electrophysiology.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Goldner

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Goldner

text: Nitrates, like nitroglycerin, dilate blood vessels, which is beneficial against myocardial ischemia in two ways: By increasing blood flow in the coronary arteries and the amount of oxygen that arrives to heart muscle; and by relaxing all blood vessels in the body, thereby reducing the workload that heart needs to produce against them and the oxygen it consumes. The preferred mode of administration is sublingually. By relaxing blood vessels nitrates also reduce blood pressure, which must be carefully monitored; they must not be used if hypotension is present. They must also be avoided in patients who have taken sildenafil or other phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (used for erectile dysfunction) within the previous 24–48 hours, as the combination of the two could cause a serious drop in blood pressure.  Intravenous nitrates are useful in patients with hypertension or pulmonary edema.

text: Nitrates, like

text: nitroglycerin

text: , dilate blood vessels, which is beneficial against myocardial ischemia in two ways: By increasing blood flow in the coronary arteries and the amount of oxygen that arrives to heart muscle; and by relaxing all blood vessels in the body, thereby reducing the workload that heart needs to produce against them and the oxygen it consumes. The preferred mode of administration is

text: sublingually

text: . By relaxing blood vessels nitrates also reduce blood pressure, which must be carefully

text: monitored

text: ; they must not be used if

text: hypotension

text: is present. They must also be avoided in patients who have taken

text: sildenafil

text: or other

text: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

text: (used for

text: erectile dysfunction

text: ) within the previous 24–48 hours, as the combination of the two could cause a serious drop in blood pressure.

text: Intravenous

text: nitrates are useful in patients with hypertension or

text: pulmonary edema

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: erectile dysfunction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries or pulmonary edema?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary arteries or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the preferred mode of administration of nitrates?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries or pulmonary edema?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitroglycerin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow in the coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does nitroglycerin dilate blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary arteries, atrium, or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary arteries or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension or pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Nitrates,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increasing blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nitrates,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle;

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Nitrates,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Nitrates,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilate blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Nitrates,

text: As lymph is a filtrate of blood it closely resembles the plasma in its water content. Lymph also contains a small amount of metabolic waste and a much smaller amount of protein than that of blood.      Lymph vessels carry the lymph and in the frog open into the four lymph hearts. These lymph hearts are located on the dorsal side of frog's body. The front pair is situated below the shoulder blades. The posterior pair is on either side of a long, rod-like bone called a urostyle, formed by the fusion of the last few vertebrae. The anterior pair opens into the subclavian vein and the posterior pair into the femoral vein. The pair near the third vertebra pumps lymph into the jugular vein. The other pair at the end of the vertebral column pump lymph into the iliac vein in the legs.

text: As lymph is a filtrate of blood it closely resembles the plasma in its water content. Lymph also contains a small amount of metabolic waste and a much smaller amount of

text: protein

text: than that of blood.      Lymph vessels carry the lymph and in the frog open into the four lymph hearts. These lymph hearts are located on the dorsal side of frog's body. The front pair is situated below the shoulder blades. The posterior pair is on either side of a long, rod-like bone called a urostyle, formed by the fusion of the last few vertebrae. The anterior pair opens into the

text: subclavian vein

text: and the posterior pair into the

text: femoral vein

text: . The pair near the third vertebra pumps lymph into the

text: jugular vein

text: . The other pair at the end of the

text: vertebral column

text: pump lymph into the

text: iliac vein

text: in the legs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: femoral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: femoral vein

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not located on the dorsal side of the frog's body?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: subclavian vein or femoral vein?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: subclavian vein or femoral vein?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of lymph vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: subclavian vein

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymph and what else?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymph vessels carry the lymph and in the frog open into the four lymph hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a vein: subclavian vein or femoral?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, jugular vein, or lymph?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: femoral vein.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: subclavian vein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: jugular vein.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: femoral vein.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: subclavian vein

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: subclavian vein

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: iliac

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymph is a filtrate of blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: subclavian vein

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymph hearts.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymph

text: Modified Russel-Movat staining is used to study the heart, blood vessels and connective tissues. It can also be used to diagnose vascular and lung diseases.

text: Modified Russel-Movat staining is used to study the

text: heart

text: blood vessels

text: and

text: connective tissues

text: . It can also be used to diagnose vascular and lung diseases.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tissue: blood vessels or heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They are not used to study the heart.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart, blood vessels and connective tissues.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular and lung diseases.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels and connective tissues.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Modified Russel-Movat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissues.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular and lung diseases.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Modified Russel-Movat staining

text: Other autonomic functions may also be disrupted. For example, problems with body temperature regulation mostly occur in injuries at T8 and above.Another serious complication that can result from lesions above T6 is neurogenic shock, which results from an interruption in output from the sympathetic nervous system responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels. Without the sympathetic input, the vessels relax and dilate.  Neurogenic shock presents with dangerously low blood pressure, low heart rate, and blood pooling in the limbs—which results in insufficient blood flow to the spinal cord and potentially further damage to it.

text: Other autonomic functions may also be disrupted. For example, problems with body temperature regulation mostly occur in injuries at T8 and above.Another serious complication that can result from lesions above T6 is

text: neurogenic shock

text: , which results from an interruption in output from the

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: responsible for maintaining

text: muscle tone

text: in the blood vessels. Without the sympathetic input, the vessels relax and dilate.  Neurogenic shock presents with dangerously low blood pressure,

text: low heart rate

text: , and blood pooling in the limbs—which results in insufficient blood flow to the spinal cord and potentially further damage to it.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: limbs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: spinal cord

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: T4

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure, low heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: T4

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria is responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels: the sympathetic nervous system, the vessels, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not the result of an interruption in output from the sympathetic nervous system responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: T8 and above

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Without the sympathetic input, the vessels relax and dilate

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: without the sympathetic input

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: limbs—which

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: neurogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: spinal cord

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: T6

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: T6

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: neurogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure, low heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: neurogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle tone

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: sympathetic input, the vessels relax and dilate.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: spinal cord

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system responsible for maintaining muscle tone in the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle tone

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the vessels relax and dilate.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: T6

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: T8

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: neurogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: problems with body temperature regulation mostly occur in injuries at T8

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: muscle tone

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: neurogenic shock,

text: The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant.

text: The myogenic mechanism is how

text: arteries

text: and

text: arteriole

text: s react to an increase or decrease of

text: blood pressure

text: to keep the blood flow within the

text: blood vessel

text: constant.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or arterioles?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the myogenic mechanism: arteries and arterioles?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, arterioles, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the myogenic mechanism do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They do not have a myogenic mechanism.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increase or decrease of blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The myogenic mechanism

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The myogenic mechanism

text: Dairy peptides are proposed to inhibit the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).  ACE is part of the renin-angiotensin system — a natural mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure in the body. In certain individuals, the renin-angiotensin system can become overactive, often due to stress, an unhealthy diet, and/or unhealthy lifestyle. Under such conditions, ACE becomes overactive and converts more angiotensin I into angiotensin II.  Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict, and so increases blood pressure, which has potential to lead to hypertension. But, when ACE activity is inhibited, the formation of angiotensin II is reduced. This then helps the blood vessels to relax and expand back to a normal healthy state, so blood pressure is lowered.

text: Dairy peptides are proposed to inhibit the activity of the

text: angiotensin

text: -converting

text: enzyme

text: ACE

text: ).  ACE is part of the

text: renin-angiotensin system

text: — a natural mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure in the body. In certain individuals, the renin-angiotensin system can become overactive, often due to stress, an unhealthy diet, and/or unhealthy lifestyle. Under such conditions, ACE becomes overactive and converts more angiotensin I into angiotensin II.  Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict, and so increases blood pressure, which has potential to lead to hypertension. But, when ACE activity is inhibited, the formation of angiotensin II is reduced. This then helps the blood vessels to relax and expand back to a normal healthy state, so blood pressure is lowered.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress, an unhealthy diet, and/or unhealthy lifestyle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin system: ACE, angiotensin I, or angiotensin II?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does ACE become overactive and converts more angiotensin I into angiotensin II?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does ACE become overactive and converts more angiotensin I into?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin system: ACE, angiotensin I, or angiotensin II?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How is blood pressure lowered?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Angiotensin I

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiotensin I

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin system?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin system: ACE, angiotensin I, or angiotensin II?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin system: ACE, angiotensin I, or angiotensin II?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a natural mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure in the body?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angiotensin-converting

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: angiotensin I

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: angiotensin-converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: angiotensin-converting

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress, an unhealthy diet, and/or unhealthy lifestyle.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angiotensin-converting

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: angiotensin-converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: angiotensin-converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Dairy peptides

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood pressure is lowered.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Dairy peptides

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: angiotensin-converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels to constrict,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Dairy peptides

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: angiotensin-converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Dairy peptides

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: expand

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stress, an unhealthy diet, and/or unhealthy lifestyle.

text: Blood flows from the heart through arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles, and then branch further into capillaries where nutrients and wastes are exchanged. The capillaries then join and widen to become venules, which in turn widen and converge to become veins, which then return blood back to the heart through the great veins.

text: Blood flows from the heart through

text: arteries

text: , which branch and narrow into

text: arterioles

text: , and then branch further into capillaries where nutrients and wastes are exchanged. The capillaries then join and widen to become

text: venules

text: , which in turn widen and converge to become

text: veins

text: , which then return blood back to the heart through the

text: great veins

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aortic dissection

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, venules, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, capillaries, and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries branch and narrow into arterioles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: great veins.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nutrients and wastes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: great veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: narrow into arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries,

text: In anatomy, lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled, valved structures that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscles, and adventitia that bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue. Lymph vessels are devoted to propulsion of the lymph from the lymph capillaries, which are mainly concerned with absorption of interstitial fluid from the tissues. Lymph capillaries are slightly larger than their counterpart capillaries of the vascular system. Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called the afferent lymph vessel, and one that carries it from a lymph node is called the efferent lymph vessel, from where the lymph may travel to another lymph node, may be returned to a vein, or may travel to a larger lymph duct. Lymph ducts drain the lymph into one of the subclavian veins and thus return it to general circulation.

text: In

text: anatomy

text: , lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled,

text: valve

text: d structures that carry

text: lymph

text: . As part of the

text: lymphatic system

text: , lymph vessels are complementary to the

text: cardiovascular system

text: . Lymph vessels are lined by

text: endothelial cells

text: , and have a thin layer of

text: smooth muscle

text: s, and

text: adventitia

text: that bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue. Lymph vessels are devoted to propulsion of the lymph from the

text: lymph capillaries

text: , which are mainly concerned with absorption of

text: interstitial fluid

text: from the tissues. Lymph capillaries are slightly larger than their counterpart capillaries of the vascular system. Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a

text: lymph node

text: are called the afferent lymph vessel, and one that carries it from a lymph node is called the

text: efferent lymph vessel

text: , from where the lymph may travel to another lymph node, may be returned to a vein, or may travel to a larger

text: lymph duct

text: . Lymph ducts drain the lymph into one of the

text: subclavian vein

text: s and thus return it to general

text: circulation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called the afferent lymph vessel

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the opposite of lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why are lymphatic vessels complementary to the cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Lymph capillaries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells and adventitia

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Lymph vessels are devoted to propulsion of the lymph from the lymph capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called the afferent lymph vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system: lymph capillaries, lymph nodes, or lymph ducts?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: subclavian veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: subclavian veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: subclavian

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: subclavian veins

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: subclavian veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: subclavian veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: afferent lymph vessel,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Lymph capillaries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphatic vessels

text: Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles. Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.

text: Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the

text: circulating blood

text: moves away from the

text: heart

text: through arteries and

text: capillaries

text: due to

text: viscous

text: losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and

text: arterioles

text: . Gravity affects blood pressure via

text: hydrostatic

text: forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins,

text: breathing

text: , and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: small arteries or arterioles?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: skeletal muscles or veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the circulating blood move away from the heart through arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Differences in mean blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: skeletal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Mean blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Differences in mean blood pressure

text: The chief reason why people with diabetes develop high blood pressure is hardening of the arteries. Diabetes tends to speed up the process of atherosclerosis. The other fact about diabetes is that it affects both large and small blood vessels in the body. Over time, blood vessels become clogged with fatty depots, become non-compliant and lose their elasticity. The process of atherosclerosis is a lot faster in diabetic individuals whom do not have good control of their blood sugars. The high blood pressure eventually leads to heart failure, strokes, heart attacks, blindness, kidney failure, loss of libido and poor circulation of blood in the legs. When the blood supply to the feet is compromised, the chances of infections and amputations also increases. All diabetics should know that even mild elevations in blood pressure can be detrimental to health. Studies have shown that diabetics with even a slight elevation in blood pressure have 2-3 times the risk of heart disease compared to individuals without diabetes.

text: The chief reason why people with diabetes develop high blood pressure is hardening of the

text: arteries

text: . Diabetes tends to speed up the process of atherosclerosis. The other fact about diabetes is that it affects both large and small

text: blood vessel

text: s in the body. Over time, blood vessels become clogged with

text: fatty depots

text: , become non-compliant and lose their elasticity. The process of atherosclerosis is a lot faster in diabetic individuals whom do not have good control of their

text: blood sugar

text: s. The high blood pressure eventually leads to heart failure, strokes, heart attacks,

text: blindness

text: kidney failure

text: , loss of

text: libido

text: and poor circulation of blood in the legs. When the

text: blood supply

text: to the feet is compromised, the chances of infections and

text: amputation

text: s also increases. All diabetics should know that even mild elevations in blood pressure can be detrimental to health. Studies have shown that diabetics with even a slight elevation in blood pressure have 2-3 times the risk of heart disease compared to individuals without diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a result of hardening of the arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: large and small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not affected by diabetes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of atherosclerosis?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: large or small?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: legs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: legs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetics with even a slight elevation in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: legs.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: poor circulation of blood in the legs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 2-3 times the risk of heart disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 2-3 times the risk of heart disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: diabetes develop high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fatty depots,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels become clogged with fatty depots,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: large and small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: poor circulation of blood in the legs.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hardening of the arteries.

text: Traditional obstetric sonograms are done by placing a transducer on the abdomen of the pregnant woman.  One variant, a transvaginal sonography, is done with a probe placed in the woman's vagina.  Transvaginal scans usually provide clearer pictures during early pregnancy and in obese women. Also used is Doppler sonography which detects the heartbeat of the fetus.  Doppler sonography can be used to evaluate the pulsations in the fetal heart and bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.

text: Traditional obstetric sonograms are done by placing a

text: transducer

text: on the

text: abdomen

text: of the pregnant woman.  One variant, a transvaginal sonography, is done with a probe placed in the woman's

text: vagina

text: .  Transvaginal scans usually provide clearer pictures during early pregnancy and in

text: obese

text: women. Also used is Doppler sonography which detects the heartbeat of the fetus.  Doppler sonography can be used to evaluate the pulsations in the fetal heart and bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obese women

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Doppler vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Doppler sonography can be used to evaluate the pulsations in the fetal heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: fetus.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: fetal heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: abnormalities.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obese

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: fetal heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: fetal heart and bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fetal heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: bloods vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: fetal heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: transvaginal sonography,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Doppler sonography

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obese women.

text: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) is the recessively inherited form of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a rare and complex blood coagulation disease. USS is caused by the absence of the ADAMTS13 protease resulting in the persistence of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF), causing episodes of acute thrombotic microangiopathy with disseminated multiple small vessel obstructions. These obstructions deprive downstream tissues from blood and oxygen, which can result in tissue damage and death. The presentation of an acute USS episode is variable but usually associated with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) with schistocytes on the peripheral blood smear, fever and signs of ischemic organ damage in the brain, kidney and heart.

text: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) is the

text: recessively inherited

text: form of

text: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

text: (TTP), a rare and complex blood coagulation disease. USS is caused by the absence of the

text: protease

text: resulting in the persistence of unusually large

text: von Willebrand factor

text: multimers (ULVWF), causing episodes of acute

text: thrombotic microangiopathy

text: with disseminated multiple small vessel obstructions. These obstructions deprive downstream tissues from blood and oxygen, which can result in tissue damage and death. The presentation of an acute USS episode is variable but usually associated with

text: thrombocytopenia

text: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

text: (MAHA) with

text: schistocytes

text: on the peripheral

text: blood smear

text: fever

text: and signs of

text: ischemic

text: organ damage in the brain, kidney and heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: small vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: small vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of obstruction: disseminated multiple small vessel obstructions

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the absence of the ADAMTS13 protease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins: muscular walls or blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of obstructions deprive downstream tissues of blood and oxygen?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unobstructed

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: disseminated multiple small vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the absence of the ADAMTS13 protease:

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, kidney, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: thrombotic microangiopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: downstream tissues

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: small vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain, kidney and heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: downstream tissues

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: small

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: schistocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: small vessel obstructions. These obstructions deprive downstream tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: small vessel obstructions. These obstructions deprive downstream tissues

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: multiple small vessel obstructions.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: multiple small vessel obstructions.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: brain, kidney and heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

text: Anemia goes undetected in many people and symptoms can be minor. The symptoms can be related to an underlying cause or the anemia itself.Most commonly, people with anemia report feelings of weakness or tired, and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report shortness of breath on exertion.  In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac output.  The patient may have symptoms related to this, such as palpitations, angina (if pre-existing heart disease is present), intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure.On examination, the signs exhibited may include pallor (pale skin, lining mucosa, conjunctiva and nail beds), but this is not a reliable sign.  There may be signs of specific causes of anemia, e.g., koilonychia (in iron deficiency), jaundice (when anemia results from abnormal break down of red blood cells — in hemolytic anemia), bone deformities (found in thalassemia major) or leg ulcers (seen in sickle-cell disease).In severe anemia, there may be signs of a hyperdynamic circulation: tachycardia (a fast heart rate), bounding pulse, flow murmurs, and cardiac ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement).  There may be signs of heart failure.Pica, the consumption of non-food items such as ice, but also paper, wax, or grass, and even hair or dirt, may be a symptom of iron deficiency, although it occurs often in those who have normal levels of hemoglobin.Chronic anemia may result in behavioral disturbances in children as a direct result of impaired neurological development in infants, and reduced academic performance in children of school age. Restless legs syndrome is more common in those with iron-deficiency anemia.

text: Anemia goes undetected in many people and symptoms can be minor. The symptoms can be related to an underlying cause or the anemia itself.Most commonly, people with anemia report feelings of

text: weakness

text: or

text: tired

text: , and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report

text: shortness of breath

text: on exertion.  In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing

text: cardiac output

text: .  The patient may have symptoms related to this, such as

text: palpitation

text: s,

text: angina

text: (if pre-existing heart disease is present), intermittent

text: claudication

text: of the legs, and symptoms of

text: heart failure

text: .On examination, the signs exhibited may include

text: pallor

text: pale

text: skin

text: , lining

text: mucosa

text: conjunctiva

text: and

text: nail beds

text: ), but this is not a reliable sign.  There may be signs of specific causes of anemia, e.g.,

text: koilonychia

text: (in iron deficiency),

text: jaundice

text: (when anemia results from abnormal break down of red blood cells — in hemolytic anemia), bone deformities (found in

text: thalassemia

text: major) or

text: leg

text: ulcers

text: (seen in

text: sickle-cell disease

text: ).In severe anemia, there may be signs of a

text: hyperdynamic circulation

text: tachycardia

text: (a fast heart rate),

text: bounding pulse

text: flow murmurs

text: , and

text: cardiac

text: ventricular hypertrophy

text: (enlargement).  There may be signs of

text: heart failure

text: Pica

text: , the consumption of non-food items such as ice, but also paper, wax, or grass, and even hair or dirt, may be a symptom of iron deficiency, although it occurs often in those who have normal levels of

text: hemoglobin

text: .Chronic anemia may result in behavioral disturbances in children as a direct result of impaired neurological development in infants, and reduced academic performance in children of school age.

text: Restless legs syndrome

text: is more common in those with

text: iron-deficiency anemia

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the legs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pre-existing heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia: palpitations, angina, or heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in an artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Anemia

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: This is not a reliable sign

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia: palpitations, angina, or heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia: palpitations, angina (if pre-existing heart disease is present)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of iron deficiency?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.Pica,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiac ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.Pica,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anemia,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: thalassemia major) or leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Restless legs syndrome

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thalassemia major) or leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: disease).In severe anemia,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Restless legs syndrome

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: leg ulcers (seen in sickle-cell disease).In

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: leg ulcers (seen in sickle-cell disease).In

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: severe anemia,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: severe anemia,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: leg ulcers

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increasing cardiac output.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: leg ulcers

text: The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed within various types of cells by the metabolism of arachidonic acid by a specific subset of Cytochrome P450 enzymes termed cytochrome P450 epoxygenases.  These nonclassic eicosanoids are generally short-lived, being rapidly converted from epoxides to less active or inactive dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids (diHETrEs) by a widely distributed cellular enzyme, Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), also termed Epoxide hydrolase 2.  The EETs consequently function as transiently acting, short-range hormones; that is, they work locally to regulate the function of the cells that produce them (i.e. they are autocrine agents) or of nearby cells (i.e. they are paracrine agents). The EETs have been most studied in animal models where they show the ability to lower blood pressure possibly by a) stimulating arterial vasorelaxation and b) inhibiting the kidney's retention of salts and water to decrease intravascular blood volume.  In these models, EETs prevent arterial occlusive diseases such as heart attacks and brain strokes not only by their anti-hypertension action but possibly also by their anti-inflammatory effects on blood vessels, their inhibition of platelet activation and thereby blood clotting, and/or their promotion of pro-fibrinolytic removal of blood clots. With respect to their effects on the heart, the EETs are often termed cardio-protective. Beyond these cardiovascular actions that may prevent various cardiovascular diseases, studies have implicated the EETs in the pathological growth of certain types of cancer and in the physiological and possibly pathological perception of neuropathic pain.  While studies to date imply that the EETs, EET-forming epoxygenases, and EET-inactivating sEH can be manipulated to control a wide range of human diseases, clinical studies have yet to prove this.  Determination of the role of the EETS in human diseases is made particularly difficult because of the large number of EET-forming epoxygenases, large number of epoxygenase substrates other than arachidonic acid, and the large number of activities, some of which may be pathological or injurious, that the EETs possess.

text: The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed within various types of cells by the metabolism of

text: arachidonic acid

text: by a specific subset of

text: Cytochrome P450

text: enzymes termed cytochrome P450

text: epoxygenase

text: s.  These

text: nonclassic eicosanoid

text: s are generally short-lived, being rapidly converted from epoxides to less active or inactive dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids (diHETrEs) by a widely distributed cellular enzyme,

text: Soluble epoxide hydrolase

text: (sEH), also termed Epoxide hydrolase 2.  The EETs consequently function as transiently acting, short-range

text: hormone

text: s; that is, they work locally to regulate the function of the cells that produce them (i.e. they are

text: autocrine

text: agents) or of nearby cells (i.e. they are

text: paracrine

text: agents). The EETs have been most studied in animal models where they show the ability to lower blood pressure possibly by a) stimulating arterial

text: vasorelaxation

text: and b) inhibiting the kidney's retention of salts and water to decrease intravascular blood volume.  In these models, EETs prevent arterial occlusive diseases such as

text: heart attack

text: s and

text: brain stroke

text: s not only by their anti-hypertension action but possibly also by their

text: anti-inflammatory

text: effects on blood vessels, their inhibition of platelet activation and thereby blood clotting, and/or their promotion of

text: pro-fibrinolytic

text: removal of blood clots. With respect to their effects on the heart, the EETs are often termed cardio-protective. Beyond these cardiovascular actions that may prevent various

text: cardiovascular diseases

text: , studies have implicated the EETs in the pathological growth of certain types of cancer and in the physiological and possibly pathological perception of

text: neuropathic pain

text: .  While studies to date imply that the EETs, EET-forming epoxygenases, and EET-inactivating sEH can be manipulated to control a wide range of human diseases, clinical studies have yet to prove this.  Determination of the role of the EETS in human diseases is made particularly difficult because of the large number of EET-forming epoxygenases, large number of epoxygenase substrates other than arachidonic acid, and the large number of activities, some of which may be pathological or injurious, that the EETs possess.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: autocrine

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The EETs have been most studied in animal models where they show the ability to lower blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The EETs have been most studied in animal models where they show the ability to lower blood pressure possibly by a) stimulating arterial vasorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sEH

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: EETs prevent arterial occlusive diseases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: clots

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: EETs have been most studied in animal models

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterial occlusive

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: kidney's

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterial vasorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anti-hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: kidney's

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: autocrine

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardio-protective.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardio-protective.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: elaxation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: clinical studies have yet to prove this.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: stimulating arterial vasorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: anti-hypertension

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: clinical studies

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: EETs

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: clinical studies

text: In 2014, Lexington Medical Center began to offer transcatheter aortic valve replacement, known as TAVR. This state-of-the-art cardiovascular technology allows doctors to replace the aortic valve with a catheter procedure instead of open heart surgery. Currently, TAVR is for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are high-risk candidates for open heart surgery because of their age, history of heart disease, or other health issues. Patients with severe aortic stenosis have a narrowed aortic valve that does not allow blood to flow efficiently. As the heart works harder to pump enough blood through the smaller opening in the valve, the heart eventually becomes weak. Over time, that can lead to life-threatening heart problems. Lexington Medical Center performed the first fully percutaneous TAVR procedure in South Carolina. With this minimally invasive technique, doctors deployed the new aortic valve through just a small puncture in the femoral artery in the leg.

text: In 2014, Lexington Medical Center began to offer transcatheter aortic valve replacement, known as TAVR. This state-of-the-art cardiovascular technology allows doctors to replace the aortic valve with a catheter procedure instead of open heart surgery. Currently, TAVR is for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are high-risk candidates for open heart surgery because of their age, history of heart disease, or other health issues. Patients with severe aortic stenosis have a narrowed aortic valve that does not allow blood to flow efficiently. As the heart works harder to pump enough blood through the smaller opening in the valve, the heart eventually becomes weak. Over time, that can lead to life-threatening heart problems. Lexington Medical Center performed the first fully percutaneous TAVR procedure in South Carolina. With this minimally invasive technique, doctors deployed the new aortic valve through just a small puncture in the femoral artery in the leg.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: history of heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right atria, left atria, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: aortic, atria, or aortic valve?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: aortic, femoral, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the femoral artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of aortic valve replacement?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age, history of heart disease, or other health issues.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart works harder to pump enough blood

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: TAVR.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: efficiently.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: efficiently.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aortic valve that does not allow blood to flow efficiently.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: flow efficiently.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: transcatheter aortic valve replacement,

text: An AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries on the blood flow, which means that the AVM can get progressively larger over time as the amount of blood flowing through it increases, forcing the heart to work harder to keep up with the extra blood flow. It also causes the surrounding area to be deprived of the functions of the capillaries—removal of  and delivery of nutrients to the cells. The resulting tangle of blood vessels, often called a nidus (Latin for "nest"), has no capillaries. It can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding because of the abnormally direct connections between high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins. The resultant sign, audible via stethoscope, is a rhythmic, whooshing sound caused by excessively rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins. It has been given the term "bruit", French for noise. On some occasions a patient with a brain AVM may become aware of the noise, which can compromise hearing and interfere with sleep in addition to causing psychological distress.

text: An AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries on the blood flow, which means that the AVM can get progressively larger over time as the amount of blood flowing through it increases, forcing the heart to work harder to keep up with the extra blood flow. It also causes the surrounding area to be deprived of the functions of the capillaries—removal of  and delivery of nutrients to the cells. The resulting tangle of blood vessels, often called a nidus (Latin for "nest"), has no capillaries. It can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding because of the abnormally direct connections between high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins. The resultant sign, audible via stethoscope, is a rhythmic, whooshing sound caused by excessively rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins. It has been given the term "bruit", French for noise. On some occasions a patient with a brain AVM may become aware of the noise, which can compromise hearing and interfere with sleep in addition to causing psychological distress.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: low-pressure veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: nidus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the AVM lack?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can get progressively larger over time?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: nidus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: removal of and delivery of nutrients to the cells

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: high-pressure arteries or low-pressure veins?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or nidus?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the heart work harder to keep up with the extra blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries and low-pressure veins.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and low-pressure veins.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: An AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries and low-pressure veins.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and low-pressure veins.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: nidus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: nidus

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries

text: Hemodynamically, venous return (VR) to the heart from the venous vascular beds is determined by a pressure gradient (venous pressure - right atrial pressure) and venous resistance (RV).  Therefore, increases in venous pressure or decreases in right atrial pressure or venous resistance will lead to an increase in venous return, except when changes are brought about by altered body posture (see below). Although the above relationship is true for the hemodynamic factors that determine the flow of blood from the veins back to the heart, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that blood flow through the entire systemic circulation represents both the cardiac output and the venous return, which are equal in the steady-state because the circulatory system is closed. Therefore, one could just as well say that venous return is determined by the mean aortic pressure minus the mean right atrial pressure, divided by the resistance of the entire systemic circulation (i.e., the systemic vascular resistance).

text: Hemodynamically, venous return (VR) to the heart from the venous vascular beds is determined by a pressure gradient (venous pressure - right atrial pressure) and venous resistance (RV).  Therefore, increases in venous pressure or decreases in right atrial pressure or venous resistance will lead to an increase in venous return, except when changes are brought about by altered body posture (see below). Although the above relationship is true for the hemodynamic factors that determine the flow of blood from the veins back to the heart, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that blood flow through the entire systemic circulation represents both the cardiac output and the venous return, which are equal in the steady-state because the circulatory system is closed. Therefore, one could just as well say that venous return is determined by the mean aortic pressure minus the mean right atrial pressure, divided by the resistance of the entire systemic circulation (i.e., the systemic vascular resistance).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: venous resistance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the circulatory system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increase in venous return

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins back to the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: venous resistance

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the circulatory system is closed

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins back to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increase in venous return

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous return

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous return

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrial pressure)

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aortic pressure minus the mean right atrial pressure,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrial pressure)

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: equal in the steady-state

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow through the entire systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrial pressure)

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systemic vascular resistance).

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: venous return

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous vascular beds

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: altered body posture

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: altered body posture

text: Not only can an echocardiogram create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed- or continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart. Color Doppler, as well as spectral Doppler, is used to visualize any abnormal communications between the left and right sides of the heart, any leaking of blood through the valves (valvular regurgitation), and  estimate how well the valves open (or do not open in the case of valvular stenosis). The Doppler technique can also be used for tissue motion and velocity measurement, by tissue Doppler echocardiography.

text: Not only can an echocardiogram create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed- or continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart. Color Doppler, as well as spectral Doppler, is used to visualize any abnormal communications between the left and right sides of the heart, any leaking of blood through the valves (valvular regurgitation), and  estimate how well the valves open (or do not open in the case of valvular stenosis). The Doppler technique can also be used for tissue motion and velocity measurement, by

text: tissue Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left and right

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Valvular stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left and right

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Valvular stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormal communication between the left and right sides of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does abnormal blood flow through the heart mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler ultrasound

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tissue motion and velocity measurement

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and right sides of the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: any leaking of blood through the valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormal communication between the left and right sides of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the aorta, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: valvular stenosis).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left and right sides of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: valvular stenosis).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: abnormal communications

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: tissue

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: leaking of blood through the valves

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: leaking of blood through the valves

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left and right

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (valvular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: leaking of blood through the valves

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: (valvular regurgitation),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left and right sides of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: open

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Doppler echocardiography,

text: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the myocardium.The myocardium is sandwiched between two thin layers — the epicardium & endocardium — and is composed of a special type of muscle cell called cardiomyocytes.Disorders of these cells results in dysfunction of the structure and function of the heart.

text: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the

text: myocardium

text: .The myocardium is sandwiched between two thin layers — the

text: epicardium

text: endocardium

text: — and is composed of a special type of muscle cell called

text: cardiomyocyte

text: s.Disorders of these cells results in dysfunction of the structure and function of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle cell: cardiomyocytes, epicardium, or endocardium?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a muscle cell: cardiomyocytes, epicardium, or endocardium?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for mechanical function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle cell: cardiomyocytes, epicardium or endocardium?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not responsible for mechanical function

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The epicardium and the endocardium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle cell: cardiomyocytes, epicardium, or endocardium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle cell?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: epicardium & endocardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epicardium & endocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: epicardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the epicardium & endocardium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The layer of the heart responsible for mechanical function is the myocardium.The

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiomyocytes.Disorders

text: Endoscopic vessel harvesting (EVH) is a surgical technique that may be used in conjunction with coronary artery bypass surgery (commonly called a "bypass"). For patients with coronary artery disease, a physician may recommend a bypass to reroute blood around blocked arteries to restore and improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart. To create the bypass graft, a surgeon will remove or "harvest" healthy blood vessels from another part of the body, often from the patient's leg or arm. This vessel becomes a graft, with one end attaching to a blood source above and the other end below the blocked area, creating a "conduit" channel or new blood flow connection across the heart.

text: Endoscopic vessel harvesting (EVH) is a surgical technique that may be used in conjunction with

text: coronary artery bypass surgery

text: (commonly called a "bypass"). For patients with

text: coronary artery disease

text: , a physician may recommend a bypass to reroute blood around blocked arteries to restore and improve

text: blood flow

text: and

text: oxygen

text: to the heart. To create the

text: bypass graft

text: , a surgeon will remove or "harvest" healthy blood vessels from another part of the body, often from the patient's leg or arm. This vessel becomes a graft, with one end attaching to a blood source above and the other end below the blocked area, creating a "conduit" channel or new blood flow connection across the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blocked arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac artery disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does a bypass graft carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does EVH do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blocked arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary artery bypass

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: healthy blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: new blood flow connection across the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Endoscopic vessel harvesting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary artery disease,

text: Plaques that have ruptured are called complicated plaques.  The extracellular matrix of the lesion breaks, usually at the shoulder of the fibrous cap that separates the lesion from the arterial lumen, where the exposed thrombogenic components of the plaque, mainly collagen will trigger thrombus formation.  The thrombus then travels downstream to other blood vessels, where the blood clot may partially or completely block blood flow. If the blood flow is completely blocked, cell deaths occur due to the lack of oxygen supply to nearby cells, resulting in necrosis. The narrowing or obstruction of blood flow can occur in any artery within the body. Obstruction of arteries supplying the heart muscle results in a heart attack, while the obstruction of arteries supplying the brain results in a stroke.

text: Plaques that have ruptured are called complicated plaques.  The

text: extracellular matrix

text: of the lesion breaks, usually at the shoulder of the fibrous cap that separates the lesion from the arterial lumen, where the exposed thrombogenic components of the plaque, mainly

text: collagen

text: will trigger

text: thrombus

text: formation.  The thrombus then travels downstream to other blood vessels, where the blood clot may partially or completely block blood flow. If the blood flow is completely blocked, cell deaths occur due to the lack of

text: oxygen

text: supply to nearby cells, resulting in

text: necrosis

text: . The narrowing or obstruction of blood flow can occur in any artery within the body. Obstruction of arteries supplying the heart muscle results in a

text: heart attack

text: , while the obstruction of arteries supplying the brain results in a

text: stroke

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which occurs first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the lack of oxygen supply to nearby cells result in?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of blood vessels dilating: blockage of arteries supplying the heart muscle, obstruction of arteries supplying the brain, or necrosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: extracellular matrix

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries supplying the heart muscle or arteries supplying the brain?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or brain?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries supplying the brain

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries supplying the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: complicated plaques.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries supplying the heart muscle results in a heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries supplying the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen supply to nearby cells,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Plaques that have ruptured are called complicated plaques.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Plaques that have ruptured are called complicated plaques.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: collagen

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial lumen,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Plaques that have ruptured are called complicated plaques.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries supplying the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries supplying the heart muscle results in a heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: flow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: complicated plaques.

text: Another possible mechanism by which cocaine harms the fetus may be in part by interfering with blood supply to the uterus. Cocaine causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) in both mother and fetus, which can cause hypoxia in the fetus. Constricting blood vessels causes tissues to receive insufficient blood flow, killing cells, but this effect is less pronounced with cocaine than with nicotine. The reduction in blood flow to the uterus limits the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Cocaine also constricts the blood vessels in the fetus, which is potentially linked to slowed fetal growth and abnormal development of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems.Cocaine causes changes in the mother's blood pressure that are thought to be the cause of strokes in the fetus; one study found that 6% of cocaine-exposed infants had had one or more strokes. Such prenatal strokes may be the cause of neurological problems found in some cocaine-exposed infants after birth.Blood vessel contraction can also cause premature labor and birth. Cocaine has also been found to enhance the contractility of the tissue in the uterus, another factor that has been suggested as a possible mechanism for its contribution to increased prematurity rates. Increased contractility of the uterus may also be behind the increased likelihood of placental abruption (the placenta tearing away from the uterine wall) which some findings have linked with PCE.

text: Another possible mechanism by which cocaine harms the fetus may be in part by interfering with blood supply to the uterus. Cocaine causes

text: vasoconstriction

text: (narrowing of blood vessels) in both mother and fetus, which can cause

text: hypoxia

text: in the fetus. Constricting blood vessels causes tissues to receive insufficient blood flow, killing cells, but this effect is less pronounced with cocaine than with

text: nicotine

text: . The reduction in blood flow to the uterus limits the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Cocaine also constricts the blood vessels in the fetus, which is potentially linked to slowed fetal growth and abnormal development of the

text: genitourinary

text: cardiovascular

text: digestive

text: , and

text: musculoskeletal system

text: s.Cocaine causes changes in the mother's

text: blood pressure

text: that are thought to be the cause of

text: stroke

text: s in the fetus; one study found that 6% of cocaine-exposed infants had had one or more strokes. Such prenatal strokes may be the cause of neurological problems found in some cocaine-exposed infants after birth.Blood vessel contraction can also cause

text: premature labor

text: and birth. Cocaine has also been found to enhance the contractility of the tissue in the

text: uterus

text: , another factor that has been suggested as a possible mechanism for its contribution to increased prematurity rates. Increased contractility of the uterus may also be behind the increased likelihood of

text: placental abruption

text: (the placenta tearing away from the uterine wall) which some findings have linked with PCE.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cocaine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) mean

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a possible mechanism by which cocaine harms the fetus?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a possible mechanism for its contribution to increased prematurity rates?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: uterine wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Constricted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: fetus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in the fetus

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of systemic circulation: cardiovascular, digestive, or musculoskeletal?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, uterus, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What can cause hypoxia in the fetus

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: fetus,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: strokes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: systems.Cocaine causes changes in the mother's blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: nicotine.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contractility

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: nicotine.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nicotine.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cells,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: limits the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: nicotine.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: nicotine. The reduction in blood flow to the uterus

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems.Cocaine

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: birth.Blood vessel contraction

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: nicotine.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: strokes in the fetus;

text: The capacitance of blood vessels describes the distensibility of blood vessels located within the body; it is inversely proportional to elasticity.  Therefore, the greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the greater the elasticity, and the smaller the compliance.  This ultimately describes how volume changes in response to a change in pressure within the blood vessel at hand.

text: The capacitance of blood vessels describes the

text: distensibility

text: of

text: blood vessel

text: s located within the body; it is inversely proportional to

text: elasticity

text: .  Therefore, the greater the amount of

text: elastic tissue

text: in a blood vessel, the greater the elasticity, and the smaller the

text: compliance

text: .  This ultimately describes how volume changes in response to a change in pressure within the blood vessel at hand.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elasticity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel mean?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe the capacitance of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: elastic tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capacitance

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the greater the compliance

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the greater the amount of elastic tissue

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: how volume changes in response to a change in pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: The capacitance

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: The capacitance

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: The capacitance

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: body;

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: change in pressure within the blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: The capacitance

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: elastic tissue

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: elastic tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels describes the distensibility of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the greater the amount of elastic tissue

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The capacitance of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: elasticity.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: elasticity.

text: The theory centers on the "permanent cavitation" element of a handgun wound. A big hole damages more tissue. It is therefore valid to a point, but penetration is also important, as a large bullet that does not penetrate will be less likely to strike vital blood vessels and blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver, while a smaller bullet that penetrates deep enough to strike these organs or vessels will cause faster bleed-out through a smaller hole. The ideal may therefore be a combination; a large bullet that penetrates deeply, which can be achieved with a larger, slower non-expanding bullet, or a smaller, faster expanding bullet such as a hollow point.

text: The theory centers on the "permanent cavitation" element of a handgun wound. A big hole damages more tissue. It is therefore valid to a point, but penetration is also important, as a large bullet that does not penetrate will be less likely to strike vital blood vessels and blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver, while a smaller bullet that penetrates deep enough to strike these organs or vessels will cause faster bleed-out through a smaller hole. The ideal may therefore be a combination; a large bullet that penetrates deeply, which can be achieved with a larger, slower non-expanding bullet, or a smaller, faster expanding bullet such as a hollow point.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart and liver

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bleeding-out

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vital

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood-carrying organs

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bleed-out

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: penetration

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: penetration

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vital blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: "permanent cavitation"

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood-carrying organs such as the heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: penetration

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart and liver,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: penetration

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: penetration

text: In reptiles, the ventricular septum of the heart is incomplete and the pulmonary artery is equipped with a sphincter muscle. This allows a second possible route of blood flow. Instead of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, the sphincter may be contracted to divert this blood flow through the incomplete ventricular septum into the left ventricle and out through the aorta. This means the blood flows from the capillaries to the heart and back to the capillaries instead of to the lungs. This process is useful to ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals in the regulation of their body temperature.

text: In reptiles, the

text: ventricular septum

text: of the heart is incomplete and the

text: pulmonary artery

text: is equipped with a

text: sphincter muscle

text: . This allows a second possible route of blood flow. Instead of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, the sphincter may be contracted to divert this blood flow through the incomplete ventricular septum into the

text: left ventricle

text: and out through the

text: aorta

text: . This means the blood flows from the capillaries to the heart and back to the capillaries instead of to the lungs. This process is useful to

text: ectothermic

text: (cold-blooded) animals in the regulation of their body temperature.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: incomplete ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: ventricles, atria, or sphincter?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the pulmonary artery equipped with?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the second possible route of blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: This means the blood flows from the capillaries to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the pulmonary artery, the left ventricle, or the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the second possible route of blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: regulation of their body temperature

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular septum of the heart is incomplete and the pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ventricular septum of the heart is incomplete

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricle and out through the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricle and out through the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: sphincter muscle.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flows from the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries to the heart and back to the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sphincter muscle.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: from the capillaries to the heart and back to the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: regulation of their body temperature.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ventricular septum of the heart is incomplete

text: According to studies reported on by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), excessive intake of palmitic acid, which makes up 44 percent of palm oil, increases blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease. The CSPI also reported that the World Health Organization and the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have encouraged consumers to limit the consumption of palmitic acid and foods high in saturated fat. According to the World Health Organization, evidence is convincing that consumption of palmitic acid increases risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, placing it in the same evidence category as trans fatty acids.

text: According to studies reported on by the

entity_name: Center for Science in the Public Interest

text: Center for Science in the Public Interest

text: (CSPI), excessive intake of

text: palmitic acid

text: , which makes up 44 percent of palm oil, increases blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to

text: heart disease

text: . The CSPI also reported that the

text: World Health Organization

text: and the US

text: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

text: have encouraged consumers to limit the consumption of palmitic acid and foods high in saturated fat. According to the

text: World Health Organization

text: , evidence is convincing that consumption of palmitic acid increases risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, placing it in the same evidence category as

text: trans fatty acids

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: palmitic acid

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a group of organs: Heart, Lung and Blood Institute?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does palmitic acid do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: trans fatty acids

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung and Blood

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: palmitic acid

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: trans fatty acids.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: palmitic acid,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: According to studies reported on by the Center for Science in the Public Interest

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: According to studies reported on by the Center for Science in the Public Interest

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: According to studies reported on by the Center for Science in the Public Interest

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol

text: Atrial tachycardia is a type of heart rhythm problem in which the heart's electrical impulse comes from an ectopic pacemaker (that is, an abnormally located cardiac pacemaker) in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart, rather than from the sinoatrial node, the normal origin of the heart's electrical activity.  Atrial tachycardias can exhibit very regular (consistent) heart rates ranging typically from 140 to 220 beats per minute.As with any other form of tachycardia (rapid heart beat), the underlying mechanism can be either the rapid discharge of an abnormal focus, the presence of a ring of cardiac tissue that gives rise to a circle movement (reentry), or a triggered rapid rhythm due to other pathological circumstances (as would be the case with some drug toxicities, such as digoxin toxicity). Atrial tachycardia is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, as the rapid rhythm can trigger or degrade into the lack of a rhythm. All atrial tachycardias are by definition supraventricular tachycardias.

text: Atrial tachycardia is a type of

text: heart rhythm problem

text: in which the

text: heart

text: 's electrical impulse comes from an

text: ectopic pacemaker

text: (that is, an abnormally located

text: cardiac pacemaker

text: ) in the upper chambers (

text: atria

text: ) of the heart, rather than from the

text: sinoatrial node

text: , the normal origin of

entity_name: Electrical conduction system of the heart

text: the heart's electrical activity

text: .  Atrial tachycardias can exhibit very regular (consistent)

text: heart rate

text: s ranging typically from 140 to 220

text: beats

text: per minute.As with any other form of

text: tachycardia

text: (rapid heart beat), the underlying mechanism can be either the rapid discharge of an abnormal focus, the presence of a ring of cardiac tissue that gives rise to a circle movement (

text: reentry

text: ), or a triggered rapid rhythm due to other pathological circumstances (as would be the case with some drug toxicities, such as

text: digoxin toxicity

text: ). Atrial tachycardia is a

text: risk factor

text: for

text: atrial fibrillation

text: , as the rapid rhythm can trigger or degrade into the lack of a rhythm. All atrial tachycardias are by definition

text: supraventricular tachycardia

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which chambers contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart rhythm problem?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the upper chambers of the heart carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Where does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tachycardia: atrial tachycardia, sinoatrial node, or supraventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atrial fibrillation,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (atria)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: (atria)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (atria)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (atria)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atrial fibrillation,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: drug toxicities,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: supraventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: upper chambers

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (atria)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Atrial tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atrial tachycardia

text: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate. This signal can be a simple radio pulse or a unique coded signal from the chest strap (such as Bluetooth, ANT, or other low-power radio link); the latter prevents one user's receiver from using signals from other nearby transmitters (known as cross-talk interference).

text: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate. This signal can be a simple radio pulse or a unique coded signal from the chest strap (such as

text: Bluetooth

text: ANT

text: , or other low-power radio link); the latter prevents one user's receiver from using signals from other nearby transmitters (known as cross-talk interference).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: radio pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cross-talk interference

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: chest strap

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: chest strap

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: chest strap

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: chest strap

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cross-talk interference).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cross-talk interference).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cross-talk interference).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: chest strap

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: radio signal

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: In old versions, when a heart beat is detected a radio signal

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to determine the current heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cross-talk interference).

text: The circulatory system of the giraffe has several adaptations for its great height. Its heart, which can weigh more than  and measures about  long, must generate approximately double the blood pressure required for a human to maintain blood flow to the brain. As such, the wall of the heart can be as thick as . Giraffes have unusually high heart rates for their size, at 150 beats per minute. When the animal lowers its head the blood rushes down fairly unopposed and a rete mirabile in the upper neck prevents excess blood flow to the brain. When it raises again, the blood vessels constrict and direct the blood into the brain so the animal doesn't faint. The jugular veins contain several (most commonly seven) valves to prevent blood flowing back into the head from the inferior vena cava and right atrium while the head is lowered. Conversely, the blood vessels in the lower legs are under great pressure because of the weight of fluid pressing down on them. To solve this problem, the skin of the lower legs is thick and tight; preventing too much blood from pouring into them.

text: The

text: circulatory system

text: of the giraffe has several adaptations for its great height. Its heart, which can weigh more than  and measures about  long, must generate approximately double the blood pressure required for a human to maintain blood flow to the brain. As such, the wall of the heart can be as thick as . Giraffes have unusually high heart rates for their size, at 150 beats per minute. When the animal lowers its head the blood rushes down fairly unopposed and a

text: rete mirabile

text: in the upper neck prevents excess blood flow to the brain. When it raises again, the blood vessels constrict and direct the blood into the brain so the animal doesn't faint. The

text: jugular vein

text: s contain several (most commonly seven) valves to prevent blood flowing back into the head from the

text: inferior vena cava

text: and

text: right atrium

text: while the head is lowered. Conversely, the blood vessels in the lower legs are under great pressure because of the weight of fluid pressing down on them. To solve this problem, the skin of the lower legs is thick and tight; preventing too much blood from pouring into them.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower legs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: fainting

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high heart rates

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: inferior vena cava or right atrium?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why is the skin of the lower legs thick and tight?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the giraffe have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: When the animal lowers its head, the blood rushes down fairly unopposed

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels in the lower legs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lower legs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in the lower legs are under great pressure because of the weight of fluid pressing down on them

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: When the animal lowers its head blood rushes down fairly unopposed

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation of the giraffe?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When the animal lowers its head

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: human

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: faint.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Giraffes have unusually high heart rates

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the wall of the heart can be as thick as.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: constrict

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 150 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: too much blood from pouring into them.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: inferior vena cava and right atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: jugular veins

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Its heart, which can weigh more than and measures about long,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: direct the blood into the brain

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: double the blood pressure required for a human

text: The endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through the release of active vasodilators. Although Nitric Oxide (NO) is recognized as the primary factor at level of arteries, increased evidence for the role of another endothelium-derived vasodilator known as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) has accumulated in the last years. Experiments show that when NO and Prostacyclin (Vasodilators) are inhibited there is still another factor causing the vessels to dilateDespite the ongoing debate of its intriguingly variable nature and mechanisms of action, the contribution of EDHF to the endothelium-dependent relaxation is currently appreciated as an important feature of “healthy” endothelium. Since EDHF's contribution is greatest at level of small arteries, the changes in the EDHF action are of critical importance for the regulation of organ blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure, and in particular when production of NO is compromised. Moreover, depending on the type of cardiovascular disorders altered, EDHF responses may contribute to, or compensate for, endothelial abnormalities associated with pathogenesis of certain diseases.It is widely accepted EDHF plays an important role in vasotone, especially in micro vessels. Its effect varies, depending on the size of the vessel.

text: The endothelium maintains vascular

text: homeostasis

text: through the release of active

text: vasodilators

text: . Although

text: Nitric Oxide

text: (NO) is recognized as the primary factor at level of arteries, increased evidence for the role of another endothelium-derived vasodilator known as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) has accumulated in the last years. Experiments show that when NO and

text: Prostacyclin

text: (Vasodilators) are inhibited there is still another factor causing the vessels to dilateDespite the ongoing debate of its intriguingly variable nature and mechanisms of action, the contribution of EDHF to the endothelium-dependent relaxation is currently appreciated as an important feature of “healthy” endothelium. Since EDHF's contribution is greatest at level of small arteries, the changes in the EDHF action are of critical importance for the regulation of organ blood flow,

text: peripheral vascular resistance

text: , and

text: blood pressure

text: , and in particular when production of NO is compromised. Moreover, depending on the type of cardiovascular disorders altered, EDHF responses may contribute to, or compensate for, endothelial abnormalities associated with pathogenesis of certain diseases.It is widely accepted EDHF plays an important role in vasotone, especially in micro vessels. Its effect varies, depending on the size of the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disorders

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: organs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disorders

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: EDHF

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the primary factor at level of arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the primary factor at level of arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary factor at level of arteries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nitric Oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Nitric Oxide (NO) is recognized as the primary factor at level of arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the left atrium and in the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does EDHF play an important role in?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: active vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: peripheral vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disorders

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: endothelial abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Nitric Oxide

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Nitric Oxide

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Nitric Oxide

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nitric Oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilateDespite

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Nitric Oxide

text: Humans have known about the heart since ancient times, although its precise function and anatomy were not clearly understood. From the primarily religious views of earlier societies towards the heart, ancient Greeks are considered to have been the primary seat of scientific understanding of the heart in the ancient world. Aristotle considered the heart to be organ responsible for creating blood; Plato considered the heart as the source of circulating blood and Hippocrates noted blood circulating cyclically from the body through the heart to the lungs. Erasistratos (304–250 BCE) noted the heart as a pump, causing dilation of blood vessels, and noted that arteries and veins both radiate from the heart, becoming progressively smaller with distance, although he believed they were filled with air and not blood. He also discovered the heart valves.

text: Humans have known about the heart since ancient times, although its precise function and anatomy were not clearly understood. From the primarily religious views of earlier societies towards the heart,

text: ancient Greek

text: s are considered to have been the primary seat of scientific understanding of the heart in the ancient world.

text: Aristotle

text: considered the heart to be organ responsible for creating blood;

text: Plato

text: considered the heart as the source of circulating blood and

text: Hippocrates

text: noted blood circulating cyclically from the body through the heart to the lungs.

text: Erasistratos

text: (304–250 BCE) noted the heart as a pump, causing dilation of blood vessels, and noted that arteries and veins both radiate from the heart, becoming progressively smaller with distance, although he believed they were filled with air and not blood. He also discovered the heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: religious views of earlier societies

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the heart: arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What did Plato consider the heart to be?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why did Erasistratos note the heart as a pump

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: filled with air and not blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: religious views of earlier societies

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cyclically from the body through the heart to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: he believed they were filled with air and not blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the heart as a pump,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the heart to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: air and not blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Erasistratos

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cyclically from the body through the heart to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: air

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the heart as a pump, causing dilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Erasistratos

text: These dilated blood vessels can develop anywhere on the body but are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin. Dilated blood vessels can also develop on the legs, although when they occur on the legs, they often have underlying venous reflux or "hidden varicose veins" (see "Venous reflux" below). When found on the legs, they are found specifically on the upper thigh, below the knee joint, and around the ankles.

text: These dilated

text: blood vessel

text: s can develop anywhere on the body but are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin. Dilated

text: blood vessel

text: s can also develop on the legs, although when they occur on the legs, they often have underlying venous reflux or "hidden varicose veins" (see "Venous reflux" below). When found on the legs, they are found specifically on the upper thigh, below the knee joint, and around the ankles.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous reflux

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: legs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: venous reflux or hidden varicose veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: are found on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "Venous reflux"

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: "Venous reflux"

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: face around the nose, cheeks, and chin.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venous reflux

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: "Venous reflux"

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "Venous reflux"

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: "Venous reflux"

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venous reflux

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous reflux or "hidden varicose veins"

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: dilated blood vessels can develop anywhere on the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venous reflux

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: face around the nose, cheeks, and chin.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous reflux or "hidden varicose veins"

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilated blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: dilated blood vessels

text: Blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles, and out through the pulmonary artery into the pulmonary circulation, and the aorta into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery (also trunk) branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries to supply each lung. Blood is prevented from flowing backwards (regurgitation) by the tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves.

text: Blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles, and out through the

text: pulmonary artery

text: into the pulmonary circulation, and the

text: aorta

text: into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery (also trunk) branches into the left and right

text: pulmonary arteries

text: to supply each lung. Blood is prevented from flowing backwards (

text: regurgitation

text: ) by the tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary circulation, and the aorta into the systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: regurgitation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: tricuspid, aortic, or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows backwards

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the pulmonary circulation, the aorta, or the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary artery, aorta or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (regurgitation)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (regurgitation)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria to the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary valves.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery into the pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood is prevented from flowing backwards

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: one direction,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the aorta into the systemic circulation.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood is prevented from flowing backwards

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary circulation, and the aorta into the systemic circulation.

text: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, and venous thrombosis.

text: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the

text: heart

text: or

text: blood vessel

text: s. Cardiovascular disease includes

text: coronary artery disease

text: s (CAD) such as

text: angina

text: and

text: myocardial infarction

text: (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are

text: stroke

text: heart failure

text: hypertensive heart disease

text: rheumatic heart disease

text: cardiomyopathy

text: heart arrhythmia

text: congenital heart disease

text: valvular heart disease

text: carditis

text: aortic aneurysm

text: s,

text: peripheral artery disease

text: , and

text: venous thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertensive heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that involves the heart or blood vessels: angina and myocardial infarction?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that involves the heart or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that involves the heart or blood vessels: coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that involves the heart or blood vessels: coronary artery diseases, peripheral artery diseases, or venous thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that involves the heart or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery diseases

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a CVD: aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, or venous thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: valvular heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertensive heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venous thrombosis.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery diseases

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venous thrombosis.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: valvular heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valvular heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous thrombosis.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary artery diseases

text: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled.

text: Blood is circulated around the body through

text: blood vessel

text: s by the pumping action of the

text: heart

text: . In animals with

text: lung

text: s,

text: arterial

text: blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and

text: venous

text: blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of

text: metabolism

text: produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: atria, ventricles or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does arterial blood carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venous blood carries carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous blood carries carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels

text: The scaphopod vascular system is rudimentary, lacking both heart and blood vessels; the blood is held in sinuses throughout the body cavity, and is pumped through the body by the rhythmic action of the foot. Metabolic waste is excreted through a pair of nephridia close to the anus.  The tusk shells appear to be the only extant molluscs which completely lack the otherwise standard molluscan reno-pericardial apertures.  Furthermore, they also appear to be the only molluscs with openings that directly connect the hemocoel with the surrounding water (through two "water pores" located near the nephridial openings).  These openings may serve to allow the animal to relieve internal pressure by ejecting body fluid (blood) during moments of extreme muscular contraction of the foot.

text: The scaphopod vascular system is rudimentary, lacking both heart and blood vessels; the blood is held in sinuses throughout the body cavity, and is pumped through the body by the rhythmic action of the foot. Metabolic waste is excreted through a pair of

text: nephridia

text: close to the anus.  The tusk shells appear to be the only extant molluscs which completely lack the otherwise standard molluscan

text: reno-pericardial aperture

text: s.  Furthermore, they also appear to be the only molluscs with openings that directly connect the hemocoel with the surrounding water (through two "water pores" located near the nephridial openings).  These openings may serve to allow the animal to relieve internal pressure by ejecting body fluid (blood) during moments of extreme muscular contraction of the foot.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: reno

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lack of heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: reno

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which is not true about the scaphopod vascular system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the scaphopod lack?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the scaphopod vascular system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: scaphopod

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lack both heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the scaphopod vascular system lacking?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: relief internal pressure by ejecting body fluid

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: foot.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart and blood vessels;

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: reno-pericardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the blood is held in sinuses

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: scaphopod

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart and blood vessels;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the blood is held in sinuses

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: reno-pericardial apertures.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: foot.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: reno-pericardial apertures.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: the blood is held in sinuses

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood is held in sinuses

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: reno-pericardial apertures.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: reno-pericardial apertures.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessels;

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: scaphopod

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart and blood vessels; the blood is held in sinuses

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: relieve internal pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The scaphopod vascular system

text: In Ortner's syndrome or cardiovocal syndrome, a rare cause of left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, expansion of structures within the heart or major blood vessels impinges upon the nerve, causing symptoms of unilateral nerve injury.

text: In

text: Ortner's syndrome

text: or cardiovocal syndrome, a rare cause of left recurrent laryngeal nerve

text: palsy

text: , expansion of structures within the

text: heart

text: or major blood vessels impinges upon the nerve, causing symptoms of unilateral nerve injury.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria or left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: ventricles, atria, or major blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a major blood vessel: arteries, veins, or nerves?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Ortner's syndrome cause?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: major blood vessels impinges upon the nerve

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Ortner's syndrome

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: expansion of structures within the heart or major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: major blood vessels impinges upon the nerve,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart or major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart or major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiovocal syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: expansion of structures within the heart or major blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: expansion of structures within the heart or major blood vessels

text: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called  lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning water) directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin. Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not a closed system. The human circulatory system processes an average of 20 liters of blood per day through capillary filtration, which removes plasma while leaving the blood cells. Roughly 17 litres of the filtered plasma are reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels, while the remaining three litres remain in the interstitial fluid.  One of the main functions of the lymph system is to provide an accessory return route to the blood for the surplus three litres.

text: The lymphatic system is part of the

text: circulatory system

text: and a vital part of the

text: immune system

text: , comprising a network of

text: lymphatic vessel

text: s that carry a clear fluid called

text: lymph

text: (from Latin, lympha meaning water) directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by

text: Olaus Rudbeck

text: and

text: Thomas Bartholin

text: . Unlike the

text: cardiovascular system

text: , the lymphatic system is not a closed system. The human circulatory system processes an average of 20 liters of

text: blood

text: per day through

text: capillary filtration

text: , which removes

text: plasma

text: while leaving the

text: blood cells

text: . Roughly 17 litres of the filtered plasma are reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels, while the remaining three litres remain in the

text: interstitial fluid

text: .  One of the main functions of the lymph system is to provide an accessory return route to the blood for the surplus three litres.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: the lymphatic system, the lymphatic vessels or the cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the lymphatic system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How many liters of blood are reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the lymphatic system is not a closed system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic system is not a closed system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system: right atrium, right ventricle, or lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the lymphatic system help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the lymphatic system is not a closed system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 20 liters of blood per day through capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning water) directionally towards the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the lymphatic system is not a closed system.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: the lymphatic system is not a closed system.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: capillary filtration,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the lymphatic system is not a closed system.

text: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs. As part of the circulatory system, blood vessels play a critical role in transporting blood throughout the body. Consequently, ECs have unique functions such as fluid filtration, homeostasis and hormone trafficking. ECs are the most differentiated form of an ESC. Formation of new blood vessels occurs by two different processes: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.  The former requires differentiation of endothelial cells from hemangioblasts and then the further organization into a primary capillary network. The latter occurs when new vessels are built from preexisting blood vessels.

text: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs. As part of the

text: circulatory system

text: , blood vessels play a critical role in transporting blood throughout the body. Consequently, ECs have unique functions such as fluid filtration,

text: homeostasis

text: and hormone trafficking. ECs are the most differentiated form of an ESC. Formation of new blood vessels occurs by two different processes:

text: vasculogenesis

text: and

text: angiogenesis

text: .  The former requires differentiation of endothelial cells from hemangioblasts and then the further organization into a primary capillary network. The latter occurs when new vessels are built from preexisting blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: blood vessels, atria, or hemangioblasts?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which occurs first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels: fluid filtration, homeostasis and hormone trafficking?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why do blood vessels play a critical role in transporting blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ECs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: ECs are the most differentiated form of an ESC

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: vasculogenesis or angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: blood vessels, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels play a critical role in transporting blood throughout the body.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: new vessels are built from preexisting blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: ECs.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood vessels are made of a thin layer of ECs.

text: Generation of interstitial fluid is regulated by the forces of the Starling equation. Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels tends to cause water to filter out into the tissue. This leads to a difference in protein concentration between blood plasma and tissue. As a result, the colloidal or oncotic pressure of the higher level of protein in the plasma tends to draw water back into the blood vessels from the tissue. Starling's equation states that the rate of leakage of fluid is determined by the difference between the two forces and also by the permeability of the vessel wall to water, which determines the rate of flow for a given force imbalance. Most water leakage occurs in capillaries or post capillary venules, which have a semi-permeable membrane wall that allows water to pass more freely than protein. (The protein is said to be reflected and the efficiency of reflection is given by a reflection constant of up to 1.) If the gaps between the cells of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability to protein also increases with a fall in reflection coefficient.

text: Generation of interstitial fluid is regulated by the forces of the

text: Starling equation

text: . Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels tends to cause water to filter out into the tissue. This leads to a difference in protein concentration between blood plasma and tissue. As a result, the colloidal or

text: oncotic pressure

text: of the higher level of protein in the plasma tends to draw water back into the blood vessels from the tissue. Starling's equation states that the rate of leakage of fluid is determined by the difference between the two forces and also by the permeability of the vessel wall to water, which determines the rate of flow for a given force imbalance. Most water leakage occurs in capillaries or post capillary

text: venule

text: s, which have a

text: semi-permeable membrane

text: wall that allows water to pass more freely than protein. (The protein is said to be reflected and the efficiency of reflection is given by a reflection constant of up to 1.) If the gaps between the cells of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability to protein also increases with a fall in reflection coefficient.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: gaps between the cells of the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which occurs first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: capillaries or post capillary venules?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Starling equation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries and venules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: protein is given by a reflection constant of up to 1.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: capillaries or post capillary venules?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: post capillary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: post capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries or post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Hydrostatic pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hydrostatic pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: post capillary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries or post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Starling equation.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: semi-permeable membrane wall

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hydrostatic pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries or post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Starling equation.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: permeability to protein also increases with a fall in reflection coefficient.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: capillaries or post capillary venules,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Starling equation. Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Starling equation.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: draw water back into the blood vessels from the tissue.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels

text: In the 30% to 60% of cases classified as hyperadrenergic POTS, norepinephrine levels are elevated on standing, often due to hypovolemia or partial autonomic neuropathy. A smaller minority of people with POTS have (typically very high) standing norepinephrine levels that are elevated even in the absence of hypovolemia and autonomic neuropathy; this is classified as central hyperadrenergic POTS. The high norepinephrine levels contribute to symptoms of tachycardia. Another subtype, neuropathic POTS, is associated with denervation of sympathetic nerves in the lower limbs. In this subtype, it is thought that impaired constriction of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the veins of the lower limbs. Heart rate increases to compensate for this blood pooling.

text: In the 30% to 60% of cases classified as hyperadrenergic POTS,

text: norepinephrine

text: levels are elevated on standing, often due to hypovolemia or partial

text: autonomic neuropathy

text: . A smaller minority of people with POTS have (typically very high) standing norepinephrine levels that are elevated even in the absence of hypovolemia and autonomic neuropathy; this is classified as central hyperadrenergic POTS. The high norepinephrine levels contribute to symptoms of tachycardia. Another subtype, neuropathic POTS, is associated with

text: denervation

text: of

text: sympathetic nerve

text: s in the lower limbs. In this subtype, it is thought that impaired

text: constriction of the blood vessels

text: causes blood to pool in the veins of the lower limbs. Heart rate increases to compensate for this blood pooling.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: neuropathic POTS

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lower limbs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: denervation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: autonomic neuropathy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a subtype of POTS: central hyperadrenergic POTS?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a subtype, neuropathic POTS?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of POTS: central hyperadrenergic POTS, hypovolemia or partial autonomic neuropathy?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of POTS: central hyperadrenergic POTS, hypovolemia or partial autonomic neuropathy?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: neuropathic POTS

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lower limbs

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood to pool in the veins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a subtype of POTS: central hyperadrenergic POTS

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a subtype of POTS: central hyperadrenergic POTS or hyperadrenergic POTS?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: neuropathic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: tachycardia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins of the lower limbs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins of the lower limbs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: central

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: denervation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypovolemia or partial autonomic neuropathy.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hyperadrenergic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: neuropathic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: hyperadrenergic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: neuropathic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: neuropathic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins of the lower limbs.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: neuropathic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: hyperadrenergic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: hyperadrenergic POTS,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hyperadrenergic POTS,

text: Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7.  This enzyme is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and lipophilic molecule that participates in several biological processes. The other isoforms include neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is constitutively expressed in specific neurons of the brain and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whose expression is typically induced in inflammatory diseases. eNOS is primarily responsible for the generation of NO in the vascular endothelium, a monolayer of flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, at the interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the remainder of the vessel wall. NO produced by eNOS in the vascular endothelium plays crucial roles in regulating vascular tone, cellular proliferation, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Therefore, a functional eNOS is essential for a healthy cardiovascular system.

text: Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an

text: enzyme

text: that in humans is encoded by the NOS3

text: gene

text: located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7.  This enzyme is one of three

text: isoforms

text: that synthesize

text: nitric oxide

text: (NO), a small gaseous and lipophilic molecule that participates in several biological processes. The other isoforms include

text: neuronal nitric oxide synthase

text: (nNOS), which is constitutively expressed in specific neurons of the brain and

text: inducible nitric oxide synthase

text: (iNOS), whose expression is typically induced in

text: inflammatory disease

text: s. eNOS is primarily responsible for the generation of NO in the

text: vascular endothelium

text: , a monolayer of flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, at the interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the remainder of the vessel wall. NO produced by eNOS in the vascular endothelium plays crucial roles in regulating vascular tone, cellular proliferation,

text: leukocyte

text: adhesion, and

text: platelet aggregation

text: . Therefore, a functional eNOS is essential for a healthy cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammatory diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the other isoform of NOS?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the main function of the vascular endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why is eNOS essential for a healthy cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: eNOS

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a functional eNOS is essential for a healthy cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Why is a functional eNOS essential for a healthy cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: circulating blood in the lumen

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: circulating blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lumen

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: circulating blood in the lumen

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: inflammatory diseases.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammatory diseases.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: circulating blood in the lumen

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Endothelial NOS

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: NO produced by eNOS

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: circulating blood in the lumen and the remainder of the vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Endothelial NOS

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Endothelial NOS

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular tone,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: inflammatory diseases.

text: In peripheral organs, lymphatic vessels are responsible for conducting lymph between different parts of the body. In general, lymphatic drainage is important for maintaining fluid homeostasis as well as providing a means for immune cells to traffic into draining lymph nodes from other parts of the body, allowing for immune surveillance of bodily tissues.

text: In peripheral organs,

text: lymphatic vessels

text: are responsible for conducting

text: lymph

text: between different parts of the body. In general, lymphatic drainage is important for maintaining fluid

text: homeostasis

text: as well as providing a means for immune cells to traffic into draining

text: lymph nodes

text: from other parts of the body, allowing for immune surveillance of bodily tissues.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for conducting lymph between different parts of the body?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for conducting lymph between different parts of the body?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic vessels are responsible for conducting lymph between different parts of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: In peripheral organs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In peripheral organs,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphatic vessels

text: The clinical course of HCM is variable. Many patients are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. The symptoms and signs of HCM include shortness of breath (dyspnea) due to stiffening and decreased blood filling of the ventricles, exertional chest pain (sometimes known as angina) due to reduced or restricted blood flow (ischemia) to the coronary arteries, uncomfortable awareness of the heart beat (palpitations) due to the aforementioned ischemia, as well as disruption of the electrical system running through the abnormal heart muscle, lightheadedness, fatigue, fainting (called syncope) and sudden cardiac death. As mentioned, dyspnea is largely due to increased stiffness of the left ventricle, which impairs filling of the ventricles, but also leads to elevated pressure in the left ventricle and left atrium, causing back pressure and interstitial congestion in the lungs. Symptoms are not closely related to the presence or severity of an outflow tract gradient. Often, symptoms mimic those of congestive heart failure (esp. activity intolerance and dyspnea), but treatment of each is different. Beta blockers are used in both cases, but treatment with diuretics, a mainstay of CHF treatment, will exacerbate symptoms in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by decreasing ventricular preload volume and thereby increasing outflow resistance (less blood to push aside the thickened obstructing tissue).

text: The clinical course of HCM is variable. Many patients are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. The

text: symptom

text: s and

text: signs

text: of HCM include shortness of breath (

text: dyspnea

text: ) due to stiffening and decreased blood filling of the ventricles, exertional chest pain (sometimes known as

text: angina

text: ) due to reduced or restricted blood flow (

text: ischemia

text: ) to the coronary arteries, uncomfortable awareness of the

text: heart beat

text: palpitations

text: ) due to the aforementioned ischemia, as well as disruption of the electrical system running through the abnormal heart muscle,

text: lightheadedness

text: , fatigue, fainting (called

text: syncope

text: ) and

text: sudden cardiac death

text: . As mentioned, dyspnea is largely due to increased stiffness of the left ventricle, which impairs filling of the ventricles, but also leads to elevated pressure in the left ventricle and left atrium, causing back pressure and interstitial congestion in the lungs. Symptoms are not closely related to the presence or severity of an outflow tract gradient. Often, symptoms mimic those of

text: congestive heart failure

text: (esp. activity intolerance and dyspnea), but treatment of each is different. Beta blockers are used in both cases, but treatment with diuretics, a mainstay of CHF treatment, will exacerbate symptoms in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by decreasing ventricular preload volume and thereby increasing outflow resistance (less blood to push aside the thickened obstructing tissue).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: activity intolerance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of HCM: shortness of breath (dyspnea)?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of HCM: shortness of breath, exertional chest pain, or angina?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of HCM: Dyspnea, exertional chest pain, or angina?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Beta blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow (ischemia) to the coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (ischemia)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (ischemia)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diuretics,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood filling of the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: outflow tract gradient.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood filling of the ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

text: Heart murmurs are sounds generated by blood flowing through the structures of the heart.  The location of the Still's murmur on examination suggests resonation of blood in the left ventricular outflow tract and aorta, and this is supported by studies that have shown that the murmur is more intense over the aortic valve than the pulmonary valve.   There has been conjecture that the vibratory or musical quality of the murmur is caused by vibration of “false chordae” of the left ventricle, which are a common finding in normal individuals, but no relationship between the two has been proven.   There is some evidence that a smaller aorta with higher peak flow velocities are associated with Still’s murmur, which certainly fits in well with the concept that the murmur is a musical phenomenon.

text: Heart murmurs are sounds generated by blood flowing through the structures of the heart.  The location of the Still's murmur on examination suggests resonation of blood in the left ventricular outflow tract and

text: aorta

text: , and this is supported by studies that have shown that the murmur is more intense over the

text: aortic valve

text: than the

text: pulmonary valve

text: .   There has been conjecture that the vibratory or musical quality of the murmur is caused by vibration of “false chordae” of the left ventricle, which are a common finding in normal individuals, but no relationship between the two has been proven.   There is some evidence that a smaller aorta with higher peak flow velocities are associated with Still’s murmur, which certainly fits in well with the concept that the murmur is a musical phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: outflow tract and aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart murmur

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smaller aorta with higher peak flow velocities

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chordae

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The location of the Still's murmur on examination suggests resonation of blood in the left ventricular outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: left ventricular outflow tract and aorta?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true of Still's murmur?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: no relationship between the two has been proven

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricular outflow tract and aorta

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: left ventricular outflow tract and aorta?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart murmurs

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smaller aorta with higher peak flow velocities

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chordae”

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: higher peak flow velocities

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: “false chordae” of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: “false chordae” of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricular outflow tract and aorta,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: aortic valve than the pulmonary valve.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: left ventricular outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart murmurs

text: The normal body temperature of a cat is between . A cat is considered febrile (hyperthermic) if it has a temperature of  or greater, or hypothermic if less than . For comparison, humans have an average body temperature of about . A domestic cat's normal heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute (bpm), and is largely dependent on how excited the cat is. For a cat at rest, the average heart rate usually is between 150 and 180 bpm, about twice that of a human, which averages 70 bpm.

text: The normal

text: body temperature

text: of a cat is between . A cat is considered

text: febrile

text: hyperthermic

text: ) if it has a temperature of  or greater, or

text: hypothermic

text: if less than . For comparison, humans have an average

text: body temperature

text: of about . A domestic cat's normal heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute (bpm), and is largely dependent on how excited the cat is. For a cat at rest, the average heart rate usually is between 150 and 180 bpm, about twice that of a human, which averages 70 bpm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: normal body temperature

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Left atria are located in the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The walls of the veins are lined with fibrous tissue.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does an artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: When blood vessels dilate, it increases the amount of blood they can carry.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the normal body temperature of a cat is between

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The valve is located between the atria and ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is located at the base of the thorax.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries have thinner walls.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: between. A cat is considered febrile (hyperthermic)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: febrile (hyperthermic)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: febrile

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: A domestic cat's normal heart rate

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: A domestic cat's normal heart rate

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 150 and 180 bpm,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The normal body temperature

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: A domestic cat's normal heart rate

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A domestic cat's normal heart rate

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 140 to 220 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cat's normal heart rate

text: Age 35 serves as a watershed as to the likely cause of sudden death. Before age 35, congenital abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels predominate. These are usually asymptomatic  prior to the fatal event although not invariably so. Congenital cardiovascular problems are reported to occur disproportionately in African-American athletes.

text: Age 35 serves as a watershed as to the likely cause of sudden death. Before age 35, congenital abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels predominate. These are usually asymptomatic  prior to the fatal event although not invariably so. Congenital cardiovascular problems are reported to occur disproportionately in African-American athletes.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: African-American athletes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria or left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of abnormality: congenital abnormalities of the heart or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not the reason for congenital abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels predominance?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptomatic abnormality of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels predominate

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of abnormality of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the heart, or the watershed?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of constricting blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: African-American athletes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Age 35

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Congenital cardiovascular problems

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Congenital cardiovascular problems

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Age 35

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: asymptomatic

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: congenital abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Age 35

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Age 35

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: congenital abnormalities

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital abnormalities

text: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system. It is a network of lymphatic vessels and lymph capillaries, lymph nodes and organs, and lymphatic tissues and circulating lymph. One of its major functions is to carry the lymph, draining and returning interstitial fluid back towards the heart for return to the cardiovascular system, by emptying into the lymphatic ducts. Its other main function is in the adaptive immune system.

text: The

text: lymphatic system

text: is part of the circulatory system. It is a network of

text: lymphatic vessel

text: s and

text: lymph capillaries

text: lymph nodes

text: and

text: organs

text: , and

text: lymphatic tissues

text: and circulating

text: lymph

text: . One of its major functions is to carry the lymph, draining and returning

text: interstitial fluid

text: back towards the heart for return to the cardiovascular system, by emptying into the

text: lymphatic duct

text: s. Its other main function is in the

text: adaptive immune system

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac nodes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a lymphatic vessel: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and organs, or lymphatic tissues and circulating lymph?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the circulatory system: the lymphatic system, the lymphatic vessels, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the other main function of the lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: lymphatic vessels or lymph capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a major function of the lymphatic system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: emptying into the lymphatic ducts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic ducts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: lymphatic vessels and lymph capillaries, lymph nodes and organs, and lymphatic tissues and circulating lymph?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system: lymphatic vessels and lymph capillaries, lymph nodes and organs, and lymphatic tissues and circulating lymph

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart for return to the cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: interstitial fluid back towards the heart for return to the cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: lymph nodes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymph capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: lymphatic ducts.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The lymphatic system

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: interstitial fluid back towards the heart for return to the cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The lymphatic system

text: Watershed strokes are caused by ischemia or a lack of blood flow to the brain.  There are several causes of ischemia, including embolism and atherosclerosis.  There are several conditions that can predispose someone to watershed stroke by increasing the likelihood that insufficient blood supply will be able to reach the brain.  People with many different cardiovascular diseases have a higher likelihood of experiencing a clot or a plaque that impedes flow through a blood vessel.  Cardiovascular diseases that increase the risk of ischemia include:

text: Watershed strokes are caused by ischemia or a lack of blood flow to the brain.  There are several causes of ischemia, including

text: embolism

text: and

text: atherosclerosis

text: .  There are several conditions that can predispose someone to watershed stroke by increasing the likelihood that insufficient blood supply will be able to reach the brain.  People with many different

text: cardiovascular disease

text: s have a higher likelihood of experiencing a clot or a plaque that impedes flow through a

text: blood vessel

text: .  Cardiovascular diseases that increase the risk of ischemia include:

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ischemia?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a condition that can predispose someone to watershed stroke?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in a capillary always flows next to

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ischemia?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of stroke?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: embolism and atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: a clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: clot

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: plaque that impedes flow through a blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: clot or a plaque

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: embolism

text: The cardiac skeleton, also known as the fibrous skeleton of the heart, is a high density single structure of connective tissue that forms and anchors the valves and influences the forces exerted through them. The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria (the smaller, upper two chambers) from the ventricles (the larger, lower two chambers). This is important because it forms the primary channel that electrical energy follows from the top to the bottom of the heart.

text: The cardiac skeleton, also known as the fibrous skeleton of the

text: heart

text: , is a high density single structure of

text: connective tissue

text: that forms and anchors the valves and influences the forces exerted through them. The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the

text: atria

text: (the smaller, upper two chambers) from the

text: ventricles

text: (the larger, lower two chambers). This is important because it forms the primary channel that electrical energy follows from the top to the bottom of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac skeleton

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac skeleton

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What is the primary channel that electrical energy follows from the top to the bottom of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which chambers contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the cardiac skeleton?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the cardiac skeleton carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the cardiac skeleton do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac skeleton

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: electrical energy follows from the top to the bottom of the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria from the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the cardiac skeleton, the aorta, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why is the cardiac skeleton important?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the cardiac skeleton help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The cardiac skeleton,

text: The MUGA scan is performed by labeling the patient's red blood pool with a radioactive tracer, technetium-99m-pertechnetate (Tc-99m), and measuring radioactivity over the anterior chest as the radioactive blood flows through the large vessels and the heart chambers.

text: The MUGA scan is performed by labeling the patient's red blood pool with a radioactive tracer,

text: technetium

text: pertechnetate

text: (Tc-99m), and measuring radioactivity over the anterior chest as the radioactive blood flows through the large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart chambers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a chamber of the heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: large vessels or heart chambers?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the MUGA scan?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: large

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: radioactive blood flows through capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: red blood pool

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: red blood pool

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: MUGA scan

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: red blood pool

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: technetium-99m-pertechnetate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: radioactive tracer,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood pool

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: red blood pool

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: radioactive blood flows through the large vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: radioactive blood flows through the large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: large vessels and the heart chambers.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: large vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: technetium-99m-pertechnetate

text: The function and health of the circulatory system and its parts are measured in a variety of manual and automated ways. These include simple methods such as those that are part of the cardiovascular examination, including the taking of a person's pulse as an indicator of a person's heart rate, the taking of blood pressure through a sphygmomanometer or the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart for murmurs which may indicate problems with the heart's valves. An electrocardiogram can also be used to evaluate the way in which electricity is conducted through the heart.

text: The function and health of the circulatory system and its parts are measured in a variety of manual and automated ways. These include simple methods such as those that are part of the

text: cardiovascular examination

text: , including the taking of a person's

text: pulse

text: as an indicator of a person's

text: heart rate

text: , the taking of

text: blood pressure

text: through a

text: sphygmomanometer

text: or the use of a

text: stethoscope

text: to listen to the heart for

text: murmur

text: s which may indicate problems with the

text: heart's valves

text: . An

text: electrocardiogram

text: can also be used to evaluate the way in which electricity is conducted through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a person's heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular examination: the taking of a person's pulse as an indicator of a person's heart rate, the taking of blood pressure through a sphygmomanometer or the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart for murmurs

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular examination: the taking of a person's pulse as an indicator of a person's heart rate, the taking of blood pressure through a sphygmomanometer or the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart for murmurs which may indicate problems with the heart's valves?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The function and health of the circulatory system and its parts are measured in a variety of manual and automated ways

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure through a sphygmomanometer

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: murmurs

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular examination, including the taking of a person's pulse as an indicator of a person's heart rate?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the function and health of the circulatory system and its parts?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: sphygmomanometer

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: murmurs which may indicate problems with the heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: problems with the heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: problems with the heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: murmurs which may indicate problems with the heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The function and health of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The function and health of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: murmurs which may indicate problems with the heart's valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The function and health of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: sphygmomanometer

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure through a sphygmomanometer

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: problems with the heart's valves.

text: Although Purkinje fibers and the bundle of His were discovered as early as the 19th century, their specific role in the electrical conduction system of the heart remained unknown until Sunao Tawara published his monograph, titled Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens, in 1906. Tawara's discovery of the atrioventricular node prompted Arthur Keith and Martin Flack to look for similar structures in the heart, leading to their discovery of the sinoatrial node several months later. These structures form the anatomical basis of the electrocardiogram, whose inventor, Willem Einthoven, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1924.

text: Although

text: Purkinje fibers

text: and the

text: bundle of His

text: were discovered as early as the 19th century, their specific role in the

text: electrical conduction system of the heart

text: remained unknown until

text: Sunao Tawara

text: published his monograph, titled

entity_name: Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens

text: Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens

text: , in 1906. Tawara's discovery of the

text: atrioventricular node

text: prompted

text: Arthur Keith

text: and

text: Martin Flack

text: to look for similar structures in the heart, leading to their discovery of the

text: sinoatrial node

text: several months later. These structures form the anatomical basis of the

text: electrocardiogram

text: , whose inventor,

text: Willem Einthoven

text: , was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1924.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many structures form the anatomical basis of the electrocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which structures form the anatomical basis of the electrocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Purkinje fibers carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What was discovered as early as the 19th century?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Purkinje fiber

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Säugetierherzens

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: How many structures form the anatomical basis of the electrocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What was discovered as early as the 19th century?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Purkinje

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Purkinje fibers

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 1924.

text: In the blood and tissue biopsy there is eosinophillia. Other ways for diagnosis from a biopsy are eggs and larvae in the blood vessels. Imaging go the liver and intestine can also be helpful.Serology is sometimes used to diagnose from a blood sample and there are specific ELISA.

text: In the blood and tissue biopsy there is eosinophillia. Other ways for diagnosis from a biopsy are eggs and larvae in the blood vessels. Imaging go the liver and intestine can also be helpful.Serology is sometimes used to diagnose from a blood sample and there are specific ELISA.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a way for diagnosis from a biopsy?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: __.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the liver and intestine can also be helpful

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a left and a right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or liver?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the liver, the aorta, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: liver and intestine

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: liver and intestine

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: liver and intestine

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: liver and intestine

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ELISA.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: eggs and larvae in the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: liver and intestine

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: eggs and larvae

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: eggs and larvae

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: eggs and larvae in the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: eosinophillia.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: eosinophillia.

text: Bypass surgery is performed by removing a vein from the arm or leg, or an artery from the chest and replacing the blocked artery in the heart. This allows the blood to flow more freely through the heart. Valve repair is where the valve that is causing heart failure is modified by removing excess valve tissues that cause them to close too tightly. In some cases, annuloplasty is required to replace the ring around the valves. If the repair of the valve is not possible, it is replaced by an artificial heart valve. The final step is heart replacement. When severe heart failure is present and medicines or other heart procedures are not effective, the diseased heart needs to be replaced.

text: Bypass surgery is performed by removing a vein from the arm or leg, or an artery from the chest and replacing the blocked artery in the heart. This allows the blood to flow more freely through the heart. Valve repair is where the valve that is causing heart failure is modified by removing excess valve tissues that cause them to close too tightly. In some cases,

text: annuloplasty

text: is required to replace the ring around the valves. If the repair of the valve is not possible, it is replaced by an

text: artificial heart valve

text: . The final step is heart replacement. When severe heart failure is present and medicines or other heart procedures are not effective, the diseased heart needs to be replaced.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: atria, artery, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: annuloplasty, ring around the valves, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, veins or valves?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does bypass surgery work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arm

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Bypass surgery is performed by removing

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the final step in heart replacement?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does bypass surgery help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: valve tissues

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart replacement.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: artery from the chest and replacing the blocked artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medicines

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery from the chest

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Bypass surgery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Valve repair

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart replacement.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: artery from the chest and replacing the blocked artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: flow more freely through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: artery in the heart.

text: The study of vascular  or remodelling in the embryo is widely believed to have been pioneered by Thoma in 1893 when he observed that increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel diameter, even going so far as to postulate that blood flow might be responsible for the growth and development of blood vessels. Subsequently, Chapman in 1918 discovered that removing a chick embryo’s heart disrupted the remodelling process, but the initial vessel patterns laid down by vasculogenesis remained undisturbed. Next, in 1926 Murray proposed that vessel diameter was proportional to the amount of shear stress at the vessel wall; that is, that vessels actively adapted to flow patterns based on physical cues from the environment, such as shear stress.

text: The study of vascular  or remodelling in the

text: embryo

text: is widely believed to have been pioneered by Thoma in 1893 when he observed that increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel

text: diameter

text: , even going so far as to postulate that blood flow might be responsible for the

text: growth and development

text: of blood vessels. Subsequently, Chapman in 1918 discovered that removing a chick embryo’s heart disrupted the remodelling process, but the initial vessel patterns laid down by vasculogenesis remained undisturbed. Next, in 1926 Murray proposed that vessel diameter was

text: proportional

text: to the amount of shear stress at the vessel wall; that is, that vessels actively

text: adapted

text: to flow patterns based on physical cues from the environment, such as shear stress.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Thoma observe?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: shear stress

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: removing a chick embryo’s heart disrupted the remodelling process

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Chapman

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increases in local blood flow cause widening

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: removing a chick embryo’s heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasculogenesis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel diameter,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Thoma in 1893

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: shear stress at the vessel wall;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel wall;

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel wall;

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: removing a chick embryo’s heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 1893

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel wall;

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increases in local blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel diameter,

text: The inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells do not express TF except when they are exposed to inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Another cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions is the monocyte (a white blood cell).

text: The inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells do not express TF except when they are exposed to inflammatory molecules such as

text: tumor necrosis factor-alpha

text: (TNF-alpha). Another cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions is the

text: monocyte

text: (a white blood cell).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tumor necrosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammatory molecules

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of endothelial cells?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of endothelial cell?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of endothelial cell?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: a artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: TNF

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cells do not express TF

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a cell type that expresses TF?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: endothelial cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or monocyte?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a cell type that expresses TF on the cell surface in inflammatory conditions?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When they are exposed to inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: tumor necrosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel consists of endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: inner surface of the blood vessel consists of endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: The inner surface of the blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tumor necrosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammatory molecules

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Endothelial cells do not express TF

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).

text: Microvascular decompression appears to be the most popular surgical treatment at present. Microvascular decompression relieves pressure on the facial nerve, which is the cause of most hemifacial spasm cases. Excellent to good results are reported in 80% or more cases with a 10% recurrence rate. In the present series approximately 10% had previously failed surgery. Serious complications can follow microsurgical decompressive operations, even when performed by experienced surgeons. These include cerebellar haematoma or swelling, brain stem infarction (blood vessel of the brain stem blocked), cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke resulting from a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain), subdural haematoma and intracerebral infarction (blockage of blood flow to the brain). Death or permanent disability (hearing loss) can occur in 2% of patients of hemifacial spasm.

text: Microvascular decompression

text: appears to be the most popular surgical treatment at present. Microvascular decompression relieves pressure on the facial nerve, which is the cause of most hemifacial spasm cases. Excellent to good results are reported in 80% or more cases with a 10% recurrence rate. In the present series approximately 10% had previously failed surgery. Serious complications can follow microsurgical decompressive operations, even when performed by experienced surgeons. These include cerebellar haematoma or swelling,

text: brain stem

text: infarction (blood vessel of the brain stem blocked),

text: cerebral infarction

text: (ischemic stroke resulting from a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain),

text: subdural haematoma

text: and intracerebral infarction (blockage of blood flow to the brain). Death or permanent disability (hearing loss) can occur in 2% of patients of hemifacial spasm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hemifacial spasm

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: brain stem infarction, subdural haematoma, or cerebral infarction?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of most hemifacial spasm cases?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the most popular surgical treatment at present?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a result of a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain stem?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a complication of Microvascular decompression: cerebellar haematoma or swelling, brain stem infarction, cerebral infarction or subdural haematoma?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: subdural

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel of the brain stem blocked

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the brain stem

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: cerebellar haematoma or swelling, brain stem infarction, cerebral infarction, subdural haematoma, or intracerebral infarction?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, brain, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (blood vessel of the brain stem

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: intracerebral infarction

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: brain stem infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: brain stem infarction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: (blood vessel of the brain stem

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (blood vessel of the brain stem

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Microvascular decompression

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (blood vessel of the brain stem

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Microvascular decompression

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (blood vessel of the brain stem blocked),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Microvascular decompression

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 2%

text: A typical Electrothermal Bipolar Vessel Sealing system consists of an electric current generator and an instrument for grasping blood vessels. During surgery, a surgeon first grasps a blood vessel to be sealed with  the instrument that is usually designed as a clamp. A surgeon then initiates a sealing cycle controlled by the generator. The generator produces an electric current across the blood vessel wall. Electromagnetic wave surrounding the current energizes the electrons within the blood vessel. These electrons release their energy as heat. As the blood vessel is heated, the collagen and elastin found in the blood vessel wall denature. The generator precisely controls the amount of energy delivered to the tissue through a computer algorithm that varies depending on the manufacturer. The majority of the generator systems monitor the impedance in the circuit and as it begins to rise automatically break the current. This prevents charring and burning of the vessel wall. The sealing cycle is complete with a period of cool-down during which the elastin and collagen form a seal. Some of the EBVS instruments are also able to cut the formed seal either with a blade incorporated into jaws of the instrument or with an harmonic scalpel technology.

text: A typical Electrothermal Bipolar Vessel Sealing system consists of an

text: electric current

text: generator and an instrument for grasping blood vessels. During surgery, a surgeon first grasps a blood vessel to be sealed with  the instrument that is usually designed as a clamp. A surgeon then initiates a sealing cycle controlled by the generator. The generator produces an electric current across the blood vessel wall. Electromagnetic wave surrounding the current energizes the electrons within the blood vessel. These electrons release their energy as heat. As the blood vessel is heated, the collagen and elastin found in the blood vessel wall denature. The generator precisely controls the amount of energy delivered to the tissue through a computer algorithm that varies depending on the manufacturer. The majority of the generator systems monitor the impedance in the circuit and as it begins to rise automatically break the current. This prevents charring and burning of the vessel wall. The sealing cycle is complete with a period of cool-down during which the elastin and collagen form a seal. Some of the EBVS instruments are also able to cut the formed seal either with a blade incorporated into jaws of the instrument or with an

text: harmonic scalpel

text: technology.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: elastin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: muscular or vascular?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a computer algorithm

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Electrothermal Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: charring and burning of the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Bipolar Vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: surgery,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Bipolar

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: elastin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: electric current across the blood vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Electrothermal Bipolar Vessel Sealing

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Electromagnetic wave surrounding the current energizes the electrons

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heated, the collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: electric current across the blood vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: computer algorithm

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: electric current across the blood vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: collagen and elastin

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heated,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: electric current generator and an instrument for grasping blood vessels.

text: Thrombosis in the heart can lead to a myocardial infarction. Coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction are sometimes used as synonyms, although this is technically inaccurate as the thrombosis refers to the blocking of blood vessels, while the infarction refers to the tissue death due to the consequent loss of blood flow to the heart tissue. The heart contains many connecting blood vessels, and depending upon the location of the thrombosis, the infarction may cause no symptoms.

text: Thrombosis

text: in the heart can lead to a

text: myocardial infarction

text: . Coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction are sometimes used as synonyms, although this is technically inaccurate as the thrombosis refers to the

text: blocking of blood vessels

text: , while the infarction refers to the

text: tissue death

text: due to the consequent loss of

text: blood flow

text: to the heart tissue. The heart contains

text: many connecting blood vessels

text: , and depending upon the location of the thrombosis, the infarction may

text: cause no symptoms

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does thrombosis in the heart refer to?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of thrombosis in the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels, and depending upon the location of the thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart tissue.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart tissue. The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart contains many connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: connecting blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Thrombosis

text: In 2014 a fossil was described in the journal Nature Communications that preserved in exquisite, unequaled detail the tubular heart and blood vessels, which represent the oldest cardiovascular system yet identified.  "The rich vascularization in the head... suggests that the brain of this species required a good supply of oxygen for its performance," said University of Arizona neuroscientist Nicholas Strausfeld, one of the researchers.

text: In 2014 a fossil was described in the journal Nature Communications that preserved in exquisite, unequaled detail the tubular heart and blood vessels, which represent the oldest cardiovascular system yet identified.  "The rich vascularization in the head... suggests that the brain of this species required a good supply of oxygen for its performance," said University of Arizona neuroscientist Nicholas Strausfeld, one of the researchers.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tubular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascularization

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the brain of this species require?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascularization

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascularized

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the brain of this species required a good supply of oxygen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: oldest cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the brain of this species required a good supply of oxygen

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascularization

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: tubular heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: tubular heart and blood vessels,

text: It is important to recognize that the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk in any risk equation is age. Almost all persons aged 70 and over are at >20% ten year cardiovascular risk and almost nobody aged under 40 is at >20% ten year cardiovascular risk. Since those who benefit most from treatment are those at highest risk, this means that treatment of patients with raised blood pressure and raised cholesterol levels in their thirties benefits very few. Whereas treatment of patients with "normal" blood pressure and "normal" cholesterol levels in their seventies benefits many. This casts doubt on the wisdom of categorizing individuals as having high blood pressure or raised cholesterol and treating these individual risk factors without a consideration of both their overall risk of cardiovascular disease and of the probability that they will benefit.

text: It is important to recognize that the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk in any risk equation is age. Almost all persons aged 70 and over are at >20% ten year cardiovascular risk and almost nobody aged under 40 is at >20% ten year cardiovascular risk. Since those who benefit most from treatment are those at highest risk, this means that treatment of patients with raised blood pressure and raised cholesterol levels in their thirties benefits very few. Whereas treatment of patients with "normal" blood pressure and "normal" cholesterol levels in their seventies benefits many. This casts doubt on the wisdom of categorizing individuals as having high blood pressure or raised cholesterol and treating these individual risk factors without a consideration of both their overall risk of cardiovascular disease and of the probability that they will benefit.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: thirties

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the left atrium and in the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk in any risk equation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood pressure and raised cholesterol levels in their thirties

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure or raised cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: age.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: age.

text: The study of anatomy begins at least as early as 1600 BC, the date of the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. This treatise shows that the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, hypothalamus, uterus and bladder were recognized, and that the blood vessels were known to emanate from the heart. Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some mucus, and two to the right ear are said to carry the "breath of life", while two to the left ear the "breath of death".The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BC) features a treatise on the heart. It notes that the heart is the center of blood supply, and attached to it are vessels for every member of the body. The Egyptians seem to have known little about the function of the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body – blood, tears, urine and semen.  However, they did not have a theory as to where saliva and sweat came from.

text: The study of

text: anatomy

text: begins at least as early as

text: 1600 BC

text: , the date of the

text: Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

text: . This treatise shows that the

text: heart

text: , its vessels,

text: liver

text: spleen

text: kidneys

text: hypothalamus

text: uterus

text: and

text: bladder

text: were recognized, and that the

text: blood vessel

text: s were known to emanate from the heart. Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some

text: mucus

text: , and two to the right

text: ear

text: are said to carry the "breath of life", while two to the left ear the "breath of death".The

text: Ebers Papyrus

text: (c. 1550 BC) features a treatise on the heart. It notes that the heart is the center of blood supply, and attached to it are vessels for every member of the body. The Egyptians seem to have known little about the function of the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body –

text: blood

text: tears

text: urine

text: and

text: semen

text: .  However, they did not have a theory as to where

text: saliva

text: and sweat came from.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ear

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ear

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ear

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: death

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the center of blood supply, and attached to it are vessels for every member of the body?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the center of blood supply?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the treatise on the heart note?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels were known to emanate from the heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels were known to emanate from the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: mucus

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: where saliva and sweat came from

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The Ebers Papyrus notes that the heart is the center of blood supply, and attached to it are vessels for every member of the body

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the "breath of life"

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or liver?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the center of blood supply, and attached to it are vessels for every member of the body?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the "breath of life"

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: "breath of death".The

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ear

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: death".The

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: "breath of life",

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the heart.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: liver, spleen, kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: air, some mucus,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: "breath of life",

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the heart is the center of blood supply,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: death".The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus.

text: Zone 4 can be seen at the lung bases at low lung volumes or in Pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi) rises as lung volume decreases due to reduced radial tethering of the lung Parenchyma Pi is highest at the base of the lung due to the weight of the above lung tissue. Pi can also rise due to an increased volume of 'leaked' fluid fluid from the pulmonary vasculature aka Pulmonary oedema . An increase in Pi causes extralveolar blood vessels to reduce in caliber and so blood flow decreases. Extralveolar blood vessels are those blood vessels outside alveoli.  Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries are considered to be the thin walled vessels adjacent to alveoli which are subject to the pressure changes described by zones 1-3. Flow in zone 4 is governed by the arteriointerstitial pressure difference (Pa − Pi). This is because as Pi rises further the arterial caliber is further reduced and so resistance to flow rises, the Pa/Pv difference remains absolute since Pi is applied over both vessels.

text: Zone 4 can be seen at the lung bases at low lung volumes or in

text: Pulmonary oedema

text: . Pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi) rises as lung volume decreases due to reduced radial tethering of the lung

text: Parenchyma

text: Pi is highest at the base of the lung due to the weight of the above lung tissue. Pi can also rise due to an increased volume of 'leaked' fluid fluid from the pulmonary vasculature aka

text: Pulmonary oedema

text: . An increase in Pi causes extralveolar blood vessels to reduce in caliber and so blood flow decreases. Extralveolar blood vessels are those blood vessels outside alveoli.  Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries are considered to be the thin walled vessels adjacent to alveoli which are subject to the pressure changes described by zones 1-3. Flow in zone 4 is governed by the arteriointerstitial pressure difference (Pa − Pi). This is because as Pi rises further the arterial caliber is further reduced and so resistance to flow rises, the Pa/Pv difference remains absolute since Pi is applied over both vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Extralveolar blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low lung volumes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels, intralveolar blood vessels, or pulmonary capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels, pulmonary capillaries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels, intralveolar blood vessels, or pulmonary capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels, intralveolar blood vessels, or pulmonary capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Intralveolar blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Intralveolar blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Intralveolar blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the Pa/Pv difference remains absolute since Pi is applied over both vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Intralveolar blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries are considered to be the thin walled vessels adjacent to alveoli

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: extralveolar blood vessels aka pulmonary capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Extralveolar

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Pulmonary oedema.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Zone 4

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteriointerstitial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Pulmonary oedema.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low lung volumes or in Pulmonary oedema.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: alveoli.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Pulmonary interstitial pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: extralveolar blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pulmonary interstitial pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: alveoli.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Extralveolar blood vessels are those blood vessels outside alveoli.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: extralveolar blood vessels to reduce in caliber

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Intralveolar Blood vessels aka Pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: extralveolar blood vessels to reduce in caliber

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Zone 4

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: extralveolar blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Intralveolar

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: extralveolar blood vessels to reduce in caliber

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Pulmonary oedema.

text: A Registered Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist or RCIS assists a cardiologist with cardiac catheterization procedures in the United States.  These procedures can determine if a blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle and can help diagnose other problems.

text: A Registered Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist or RCIS assists a

text: cardiologist

text: with

text: cardiac catheterization

text: procedures in the

text: United States

text: .  These procedures can determine if a blockage exists in the

text: blood vessels

text: that supply the heart muscle and can help diagnose other problems.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac catheterization procedures

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the RCIS assist a cardiologist with?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle can help diagnose other problems.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blockage

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac catheterization

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiac catheterization procedures in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiac catheterization procedures in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiac catheterization procedures in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

text: A simple but well-developed circulatory system is usually present. The two main blood vessels furnish smaller vessels to supply the parapodia and the gut. Blood flows forward in the dorsal vessel, above the gut, and returns down the body in the ventral vessel, beneath the gut. The blood vessels themselves are contractile, helping to push the blood along, so most species have no need of a heart. In a few cases, however, muscular pumps analogous to a heart are found in various parts of the system. Conversely, some species have little or no circulatory system at all, transporting oxygen in the coelomic fluid that fills their body cavities.

text: A simple but well-developed circulatory system is usually present. The two main blood vessels furnish smaller vessels to supply the parapodia and the gut. Blood flows forward in the dorsal vessel, above the gut, and returns down the body in the ventral vessel, beneath the gut. The blood vessels themselves are contractile, helping to push the blood along, so most species have no need of a heart. In a few cases, however, muscular pumps analogous to a heart are found in various parts of the system. Conversely, some species have little or no circulatory system at all, transporting oxygen in the

text: coelomic fluid

text: that fills their body cavities.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: parapodia

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lack of a heart

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood vessels themselves are contractile, helping to push the blood along

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do some species have little or no circulatory system at all

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the dorsal vessel supply?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The blood vessels themselves are contractile

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle pumps

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: most species have no need of a heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The blood vessels themselves are contractile, helping to push the blood along

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flows forward in the dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The two main blood vessels furnish smaller vessels to supply the parapodia and the gut

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel in the body?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: helping to push the blood along

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventral vessel,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral vessel,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: parapodia and the gut.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal vessel,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: most species have no need of a heart.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: some species have little or no circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: returns down the body in the ventral vessel,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coelomic fluid

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contractile,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: forward in the dorsal vessel,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral vessel,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: contractile,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral vessel,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: most species have no need of a heart.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: most species have no need of a heart.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The two main blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: muscular pumps

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The blood vessels themselves are contractile,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contractile,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: some species have little or no circulatory system

text: As with other red wines, a number of health effects are claimed. Among other wines, it has a relatively low level of sugar and a low alcohol level. This means it can be drunk by diabetics, and the calorie content is low by comparison with most other wines.  Some examples of health claims for red wine include reduced cardiovascular risks; favourable effect on digestion; promotes metabolism; can prevent insomnia and strengthens the blood stream. Regular consumption has been claimed to prevent heart attacks. Several studies have concluded that regular consumption of red wine such as Cviček (1 to 2 glasses per day) improves the antioxidant activity of the blood and prevents the aggregation of blood platelets, thus reducing the risk for a stroke or heart attack. In that sense, ethyl alcohol in the wine acts similarly to a solvent.  Scientists examining cancer occurrence and development have found also many anti-tumour substances in red wine.

text: As with other red wines, a number of health effects are claimed. Among other wines, it has a relatively low level of sugar and a low alcohol level. This means it can be drunk by diabetics, and the calorie content is low by comparison with most other wines.  Some examples of health claims for red wine include reduced cardiovascular risks; favourable effect on digestion; promotes metabolism; can prevent insomnia and strengthens the blood stream. Regular consumption has been claimed to prevent heart attacks. Several studies have concluded that regular consumption of red wine such as Cviček (1 to 2 glasses per day) improves the antioxidant activity of the blood and prevents the aggregation of blood platelets, thus reducing the risk for a stroke or heart attack. In that sense, ethyl alcohol in the wine acts similarly to a solvent.  Scientists examining cancer occurrence and development have found also many anti-tumour substances in red wine.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: alcohol level

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does regular consumption of red wine such as Cvi ek (1 to 2 glasses per day) improve?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a health claim: can prevent insomnia and strengthens the blood stream?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does red wine strengthen the blood stream?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: can prevent insomnia and strengthens the blood stream

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a health claim for red wine?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does regular consumption of red wine such as Cvi ek (1 to 2 glasses per day) improve?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: red wines,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sugar and a low alcohol level.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: platelets,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: strengthens the blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Regular consumption has been claimed to prevent heart attacks.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: red wine include reduced cardiovascular risks;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: strengthens the blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: strengthens the blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aggregation of blood platelets,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular risks;

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: insomnia and strengthens the blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cardiovascular risks;

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: strengthens the blood stream.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: red wine

text: Riolan is remembered for his traditional views towards medicine, and was a major proponent of the teachings of Galen. He held a differing viewpoint in regards to William Harvey's (1578–1657) theory involving the blood's circulatory system. Riolan calculated that blood traveled through the blood vessels to the body's extremities and returned to the heart only two or three times a day. He also postulated that blood often ebbed and flowed in the veins and that it was taken in as nourishment by different parts of the body. Riolan also did not believe that the heart propelled the blood, instead he proposed that the blood kept the heart in motion, analogous to a stream moving the wheel of a water mill.

text: Riolan is remembered for his traditional views towards medicine, and was a major proponent of the teachings of

text: Galen

text: . He held a differing viewpoint in regards to

text: William Harvey

text: 's (1578–1657) theory involving the blood's

text: circulatory system

text: . Riolan calculated that blood traveled through the blood vessels to the body's extremities and returned to the

text: heart

text: only two or three times a day. He also postulated that blood often ebbed and flowed in the veins and that it was taken in as nourishment by different parts of the body. Riolan also did not believe that the heart propelled the blood, instead he proposed that the blood kept the heart in motion, analogous to a stream moving the wheel of a water mill.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: extremities

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: body's extremities

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sedentary lifestyle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Riolan believe blood vessels can carry?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart propelled the blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Riolan calculated that blood traveled through the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of circulatory system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood kept the heart in motion

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: extremities

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood's circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood's circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: extremities

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart propelled the blood,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ebbed and flowed in the veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: two or three times a day.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: two or three times a day.

text: The heart is a muscle that squeezes blood and functions like a pump.Each part of the heart is susceptible to failure or dysfunction and the heart can be divided into the mechanical and the electrical parts.

text: The heart is a muscle that squeezes blood and functions like a pump.Each part of the heart is susceptible to failure or dysfunction and the heart can be divided into the mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mechanical part.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: electrical

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which part of the heart can be divided into the mechanical and the electrical parts?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart can be divided into the mechanical and the electrical parts?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a muscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They are incapable of pumping blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The mechanical part of the heart pumps blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which part of the heart is not susceptible to failure or dysfunction?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which part of the heart can be divided into the mechanical and the electrical parts?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: mechanical and the electrical

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: mechanical

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: dysfunction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: failure or dysfunction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: mechanical and the electrical

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mechanical and the electrical

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart is a muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The heart is a muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart is a muscle that squeezes blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The heart is a muscle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: mechanical and the electrical parts.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart is a muscle that squeezes blood and functions like a pump.Each

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The heart is a muscle that squeezes blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The heart

text: The patient is connected to a heart-lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart to leave room for trimming, especially if the donor heart is of a different size than the original organ.

text: The patient is connected to a

text: heart-lung machine

text: , which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart to leave room for trimming, especially if the donor heart is of a different size than the original organ.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: failing heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart of a different size

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: failing

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: donor heart is of a different size than the original organ.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels as close as possible to the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygenates blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart-lung machine,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels

text: Such tissue-regenerating properties of thymosin β may ultimately contribute to  repair of human heart muscle damaged by heart disease and heart attack. In mice, administration of thymosin β has been shown to stimulate formation of new heart muscle cells from otherwise inactive precursor cells present in the outer lining of adult hearts, to induce migration of these cells into heart muscle and recruit new blood vessels within the muscle.

text: Such tissue-regenerating properties of thymosin β may ultimately contribute to  repair of human heart muscle damaged by heart disease and heart attack. In mice, administration of thymosin β has been shown to stimulate formation of new heart muscle cells from otherwise inactive precursor cells present in the outer lining of adult hearts, to induce migration of these cells into heart muscle and recruit new blood vessels within the muscle.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does thymosin  recruit?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does thymosin  do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: thymosin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels within the muscle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hearts,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart disease and heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thymosin <unk> may ultimately contribute to repair of human heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart muscle damaged by heart disease and heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart muscle damaged by heart disease and heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thymosin <unk>

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: thymosin <unk> may ultimately contribute to repair of human heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: thymosin <unk> may ultimately contribute to repair of human heart muscle

text: Ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) refers to the changes in size, shape, structure, and function of the heart. This can happen as a result of exercise (physiological remodelling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodelling).  The injury is typically due to acute myocardial infarction (usually transmural or ST segment elevation infarction), but may be from a number of causes that result in increased pressure or volume, causing pressure overload or volume overload (forms of strain) on the heart. Chronic hypertension, congenital heart disease with intracardiac shunting, and valvular heart disease may also lead to remodeling. After the insult occurs, a series of histopathological and structural changes occur in the left ventricular myocardium that lead to progressive decline in left ventricular performance.  Ultimately, ventricular remodeling may result in diminished contractile (systolic) function and reduced stroke volume.

text: Ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) refers to the changes in size, shape, structure, and

text: function

text: of the

text: heart

text: . This can happen as a result of

text: exercise

text: (physiological remodelling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodelling).  The injury is typically due to

text: acute myocardial infarction

text: (usually transmural or ST segment elevation infarction), but may be from a number of causes that result in increased

text: pressure

text: or

text: volume

text: , causing

text: pressure overload

text: or

text: volume overload

text: (forms of strain) on the heart. Chronic

text: hypertension

text: congenital heart disease

text: with

text: intracardiac shunting

text: , and

text: valvular heart disease

text: may also lead to remodeling. After the insult occurs, a series of histopathological and structural changes occur in the left ventricular myocardium that lead to progressive decline in left ventricular performance.  Ultimately, ventricular remodeling may result in diminished contractile (

text: systolic

text: ) function and reduced

text: stroke volume

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Systolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Chronic hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right ventricular myocardium that lead to progressive decline in left ventricular performance?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a form of strain on the heart: pressure overload or volume overload

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left ventricular myocardium carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can happen as a result of exercise?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: shunting

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the heart, or the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acute myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Chronic hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pressure overload or volume overload

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: intracardiac shunting,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: intracardiac shunting,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valvular heart disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Ventricular remodeling

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Chronic hypertension,

text: Angiogram: a test that looks at the blood vessels that feed the brain. An angiogram will show whether the blood vessel is blocked by a clot, the blood vessel is narrowed, or if there is an abnormality of a blood vessel known as an aneurysm.

text: Angiogram: a test that looks at the blood vessels that feed the brain. An

text: angiogram

text: will show whether the blood vessel is blocked by a clot, the blood vessel is narrowed, or if there is an abnormality of a blood vessel known as an aneurysm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the brain

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: clots

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clot

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: clots

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the atria, the ventricles, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or clots?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aneurysm, clot, or blocked?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: narrowed

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiogram will show whether the blood vessel is blocked by a clot

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: clots

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: aneurysm.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aneurysm.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: clot, the blood vessel is narrowed,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: aneurysm.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels that feed the brain.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aneurysm.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Angiogram:

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aneurysm.

text: A healthy heart has four valves, separated by flaps that open and close to control blood flow between the chambers. When the heart beats, oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium. The blood then flows into the right ventricle, where it enters the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs for oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium, where it then travels into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pushes the oxygenated blood into the aorta to be circulated to the rest of the body.

text: A healthy heart has four

text: valves

text: , separated by flaps that open and close to control blood flow between the chambers. When the heart beats, oxygen-poor blood enters the

text: right atrium

text: . The blood then flows into the

text: right ventricle

text: , where it enters the

text: pulmonary artery

text: to travel to the lungs for oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the

text: left atrium

text: , where it then travels into the

text: left ventricle

text: . The left ventricle pushes the oxygenated blood into the

text: aorta

text: to be circulated to the rest of the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: ventricles, atria, or flaps?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary artery?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the left ventricle push into the aorta to be circulated to the rest of the body

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When the heart beats, oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right ventricle, where it enters the pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: four valves,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A healthy heart has four valves,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: open and close to control blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery

text: Contrary to a basic understanding of the cardiovascular system, the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood it pumps and it must be supplied with blood as if it were any other organ in the body. Unlike the systemic organs the heart receives perfusion in the phase of diastole rather than systole. This circulation of blood is called the coronary circulation.The coronary circulation consists of coronary arteries and coronary veins.The two main coronary arteries — right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA) — branch off of the ascending aorta and the left further branches into the left circumflex artery (LCx) and left anterior descending artery (LAD).Combined, the RCA, LCx, and LAD comprise the three main coronary arteries (e.g., "three vessel disease").Lastly, the posterior descending artery (PDA) is supplied by the RCA and/or LCx, and this connection determines the "dominance" of the heart (e.g., if the RCA supplies the PDA then the heart is "right dominant").

text: Contrary to a basic understanding of the cardiovascular system, the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood it pumps and it must be supplied with blood as if it were any other

text: organ

text: in the body. Unlike the systemic organs the heart receives perfusion in the phase of diastole rather than systole. This circulation of blood is called the

text: coronary circulation

text: .The coronary circulation consists of

text: coronary arteries

text: and

text: coronary vein

text: s.The two main coronary arteries —

text: right coronary artery

text: (RCA) and

text: left coronary artery

text: (LCA) — branch off of the

text: ascending aorta

text: and the left further branches into the

entity_name: Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

text: left circumflex artery

text: (LCx) and

entity_name: Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

text: left anterior descending artery

text: (LAD).Combined, the RCA, LCx, and LAD comprise the three main coronary arteries (e.g., "three vessel disease").Lastly, the

text: posterior descending artery

text: (PDA) is supplied by the RCA and/or LCx, and this connection determines the "dominance" of the heart (e.g., if the RCA supplies the PDA then the heart is "right dominant").

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: three vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left circumflex artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: RCA

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "three vessel disease"

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: right dominant

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary artery, pulmonary circulation, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: systole rather than systole

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the coronary circulation consist of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of systole?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing devices

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood it pumps

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many main coronary arteries does the coronary circulation consist of?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the ascending aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: diastole rather than systole

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "three vessel disease").Lastly,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left circumflex artery (LCx)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systole.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries and coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "three vessel disease").Lastly,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary arteries and coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coronary circulation.The

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary circulation.The

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ascending aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ascending aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries and coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries and coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood it pumps

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries and coronary veins.The

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: coronary circulation.The

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary circulation.The

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ascending aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.The

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: coronary circulation.The

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the heart cannot itself receive enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood it pumps

text: The body cavity contains the circulatory or haemal system. The vessels form three rings: one around the mouth (the hyponeural haemal ring), another around the digestive system (the gastric ring) and the third near the aboral surface (the genital ring). The heart beats about six times a minute and is at the apex of a vertical channel (the axial vessel) that connects the three rings. At the base of each arm are paired gonads; a lateral vessel extends from the genital ring past the gonads to the tip of the arm. This vessel has a blind end and there is no continuous circulation of the fluid within it. This liquid does not contain a pigment and has little or no respiratory function but is probably used to transport nutrients around the body.

text: The body cavity contains the

text: circulatory

text: or haemal system. The vessels form three rings: one around the mouth (the hyponeural haemal ring), another around the digestive system (the gastric ring) and the third near the aboral surface (the genital ring). The heart beats about six times a minute and is at the apex of a vertical channel (the axial vessel) that connects the three rings. At the base of each arm are paired

text: gonad

text: s; a lateral vessel extends from the genital ring past the gonads to the tip of the arm. This vessel has a blind end and there is no continuous circulation of the fluid within it. This liquid does not contain a pigment and has little or no respiratory function but is probably used to transport nutrients around the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: axial vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: gastric ring

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: axial vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a ring: hyponeural haemal ring, gastric ring or genital ring?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the third ring near the aboral surface?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: axial vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there is no continuous circulation of the fluid within it

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The axial vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory or haemal system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: genital ring

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: six times a minute

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: axial vessel)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: axial vessel)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lateral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: circulatory or haemal system.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The heart beats about six times a minute

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: axial vessel)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hyponeural

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: six times a minute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: axial vessel)

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: six times a minute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: haemal system.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there is no continuous circulation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: axial vessel)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart beats about six times a minute

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lateral vessel

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The heart beats about six times a minute

text: In cut carotid arteries with 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat (at 65 beats a minute), a completely severed artery will spurt blood for about 30 seconds and the blood will not spurt much higher than the human head. If the artery is just nicked, on the other hand, the blood will spurt longer but will be coming out under pressure and spraying much further.

text: In cut

text: carotid arteries

text: with 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat (at 65 beats a minute), a completely severed artery will spurt blood for about 30 seconds and the blood will not spurt much higher than the human head. If the artery is just nicked, on the other hand, the blood will spurt longer but will be coming out under pressure and spraying much further.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: carotid artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the carotid artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why would blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood will spurt much higher than the human head

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In cut carotid arteries with 100 mL

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: severed

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cut carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 65 beats a minute),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 65 beats a minute),

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 65 beats a minute),

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: head.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 100 mL

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood will not spurt much higher than the human head.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: If the artery is just nicked,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 65 beats a minute),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 100 mL

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cut carotid arteries

text: Beta blockers block the beta receptors on heart muscle and other cells, making them more relaxed and less responsive to stress hormones. Carvedilol also blocks alpha receptors, which are found on blood vessels, and relaxes the blood vessels, dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

text: Beta blockers block the beta receptors on heart muscle and other cells, making them more relaxed and less responsive to stress hormones. Carvedilol also blocks alpha receptors, which are found on blood vessels, and relaxes the blood vessels, dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: beta blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: alpha receptors

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: beta blockers block beta receptors on heart muscle and other cells

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: alpha receptors, which are found on blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: beta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: beta

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: alpha receptors,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stress

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress hormones.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: beta

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Carvedilol also blocks alpha receptors,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Carvedilol also blocks alpha receptors,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors on heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: alpha receptors,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: alpha receptors,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Beta blockers block the beta receptors

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stress hormones.

text: An alternative measure consists of H.E.M. (Healthy blood flow, Eliminate swelling and Mobility). This treatment suggests increasing healthy blood flow to the ankle, including immune cells required for healing. The treatment also suggests improving healthy range of motion, stability and strength in the ankle to aid in a full recovery. Recent research suggests that macrophages (immune cells responsible for muscle repair and growth) are necessary for muscle to grow back to its pre-injured state. This requires healthy blood flow, but since it has been suggested that "when ice is applied to a body part for a prolonged period, nearby lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability (lymphatic vessels are ‘dead-end’ tubes which ordinarily help carry excess tissue fluids back into the cardiovascular system). As lymphatic permeability is enhanced, large amounts of fluid begin to pour from the lymphatics ‘in the wrong direction’ (into the injured area), increasing the amount of local swelling and pressure and potentially contributing to greater pain.", As a result, the H.E.M. ankle rehab treatment suggests not icing the injury, and instead, following more proactive rehab techniques for recovery.

text: An alternative measure consists of H.E.M. (Healthy blood flow, Eliminate swelling and Mobility). This treatment suggests increasing healthy blood flow to the ankle, including immune cells required for healing. The treatment also suggests improving healthy range of motion, stability and strength in the ankle to aid in a full recovery. Recent research suggests that macrophages (immune cells responsible for muscle repair and growth) are necessary for muscle to grow back to its pre-injured state. This requires healthy blood flow, but since it has been suggested that "when ice is applied to a body part for a prolonged period, nearby lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability (lymphatic vessels are ‘dead-end’ tubes which ordinarily help carry excess tissue fluids back into the cardiovascular system). As lymphatic permeability is enhanced, large amounts of fluid begin to pour from the lymphatics ‘in the wrong direction’ (into the injured area), increasing the amount of local swelling and pressure and potentially contributing to greater pain.", As a result, the H.E.M. ankle rehab treatment suggests not icing the injury, and instead, following more proactive rehab techniques for recovery.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: macrophages

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for muscle repair and growth: macrophages (immune cells responsible for muscle repair and growth) or lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: Veins, lymphatic vessels, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: lymphatic vessels or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of H.E.M.?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: dead-end

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatics

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatics

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic vessels are ‘dead-end’ tubes which ordinarily help carry excess tissue fluids back into the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: lymphatic vessels or cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or lymphatic vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, lymphatic vessels, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular system).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ankle,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular system).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: macrophages

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: H.E.M.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: macrophages

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: immune cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (lymphatic vessels are ‘dead-end’ tubes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ankle,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lymphatic vessels begin to dramatically increase their permeability

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: carry excess tissue fluids back into the cardiovascular system).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: H.E.M.

text: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is an extremely serious condition in which a neural membrane is breached and the brain itself is compromised. The onset is sudden, described as "the worst headache of one's life," and many grave symptoms follow. Adrenergic storm is often present among these symptoms, and is responsible for some of the dangers, both long-term and short, of subarachnoid hemhorrhage adrenergic storm, through a complex cascade of processes starting with the movement of subarachnoid blood into the brain. Apparently, as the intracranial pressure increases, the brain is squeezed and catecholamines are forced out of their vesicles into the synapses and extracellular space.  An alternative explanation that has been proposed is that this increased in intracranial pressure transduces through the brain parenchyma through to the blood vessels producing a loss in effective cerebral perfusion.  This triggers the sympathetic nervous system to secrete more norepinepherine and epinepherine increasing blood pressure and heart rate to dangerous levels to maintain cerebral perfusion.

text: Subarachnoid hemorrhage

text: is an extremely serious condition in which a neural membrane is breached and the brain itself is compromised. The onset is sudden, described as "the worst headache of one's life," and many grave symptoms follow. Adrenergic storm is often present among these symptoms, and is responsible for some of the dangers, both long-term and short, of subarachnoid hemhorrhage adrenergic storm, through a complex cascade of processes starting with the movement of subarachnoid blood into the brain. Apparently, as the

text: intracranial pressure

text: increases, the brain is squeezed and catecholamines are forced out of their vesicles into the synapses and extracellular space.  An alternative explanation that has been proposed is that this increased in intracranial pressure transduces through the brain parenchyma through to the blood vessels producing a loss in effective cerebral perfusion.  This triggers the sympathetic nervous system to secrete more norepinepherine and epinepherine increasing blood pressure and heart rate to dangerous levels to maintain cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: subarachnoid

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: subarachnoid hemorrhage

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, blood vessels, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or vesicles?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage adrenergic storm?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinepherine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: brain parenchyma

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: subarachnoid

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or vesicles?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the brain, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: brain parenchyma through to the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Adrenergic storm

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Adrenergic storm

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: subarachnoid

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart rate to dangerous levels to maintain cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Adrenergic storm

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: norepinepherine and epinepherine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Adrenergic storm

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels producing a loss in effective cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: loss in effective cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinepherine and epinepherine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: extracellular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels producing a loss in effective cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cerebral perfusion.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Subarachnoid hemorrhage

text: Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, occurs when a blood clot forms around a  plaque already obstructing flow in coronary arteries preventing proper blood supply. Total occlusion of a coronary artery is the consequence of a plaque rupture and forming a blood clot disrupting blood flow. This leads to a risk zone with rapid loss of  oxygen delivery, deprivation of nutritive flow  to the heart leading to necrosis of the myocardium known as MI. Myocardial infarctions are graded according to severity: The less severe type is Non ST-segment Elevated Myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with deprivation of flow occurring only in the subendocardium. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is the severe type. Here the damage is transmural with a completely blocked coronary artery. Although many occluded coronary arteries spontaneously reopen before the patient is treated with PPCI (primary percutaneous catheter interventions), the consequence of the arterial occlusion is a wave of necrosis of the heart muscle within the deprived area dependent of the occlusion time of a major coronary artery Despiteand residual collateral flow. Current therapies in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) focus on the rapid reopening of the occluded coronary arteries (PPCI), but recently also the ischemic microcirculation became a therapeutic target. Coronary angioplasty (or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)) has been used as a way to restore blood flow following an MI to the heart in order to prevent excessive damage to the tissue. This is the result of inadequate blood flow in the coronary microvasculature in spite of reopened large epicardial coronary arteries leaving myocardium insufficiently supported. Reduced myocardial blood flow causes in addition to necrosis apoptosis of sublethally injured  tissue leading to reduced heart function and the potential of heart failure. This phenomenon is part of reperfusion injury (WP-Link), the damage of myocardium after reopening of major coronary arteries, accounts for 50% of the final infarct size after STEMI. Therefore, the therapeutic target before, during or after reopening of epicardial coronary arteries is the obstructed microcirculation. This obstruction of coronary microcirculation is the main target of PICSO clearing  the coronary vasculature and restore nutritive flow by inducing washout in low flow or no flow areas.

text: Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, occurs when a blood clot forms around a  plaque already obstructing flow in coronary arteries preventing proper blood supply. Total occlusion of a coronary artery is the consequence of a plaque rupture and forming a blood clot disrupting blood flow. This leads to a risk zone with rapid loss of  oxygen delivery, deprivation of nutritive flow  to the heart leading to

text: necrosis

text: of the myocardium known as MI. Myocardial infarctions are graded according to severity: The less severe type is Non ST-segment Elevated Myocardial infarction (

text: NSTEMI

text: ) with deprivation of flow occurring only in the subendocardium. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (

text: STEMI

text: ) is the severe type. Here the damage is transmural with a completely blocked coronary artery. Although many occluded coronary arteries spontaneously reopen before the patient is treated with PPCI (primary percutaneous catheter interventions), the consequence of the arterial occlusion is a wave of necrosis of the

text: heart muscle

text: within the deprived area dependent of the occlusion time of a major coronary artery Despiteand residual collateral flow. Current therapies in

text: acute coronary syndrome

text: (ACS) focus on the rapid reopening of the occluded coronary arteries (PPCI), but recently also the ischemic microcirculation became a therapeutic target. Coronary angioplasty (or primary

text: percutaneous coronary intervention

text: (PPCI)) has been used as a way to restore blood flow following an MI to the heart in order to prevent excessive damage to the tissue. This is the result of inadequate blood flow in the coronary microvasculature in spite of reopened large epicardial coronary arteries leaving myocardium insufficiently supported. Reduced myocardial blood flow causes in addition to necrosis apoptosis of sublethally injured  tissue leading to reduced heart function and the potential of heart failure. This phenomenon is part of reperfusion injury (WP-Link), the damage of myocardium after reopening of major coronary arteries, accounts for 50% of the final infarct size after STEMI. Therefore, the therapeutic target before, during or after reopening of epicardial coronary arteries is the obstructed microcirculation. This obstruction of coronary microcirculation is the main target of PICSO clearing  the coronary vasculature and restore nutritive flow by inducing washout in low flow or no flow areas.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: subendocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: subendocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle and the left atria receives blood from the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of infarction?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: This leads to a risk zone with rapid loss of

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of angioplasty?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: epicardial coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: epicardial coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: reperfusion injury

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: subendocardium.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: subendocardium.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arterial occlusion

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arterial occlusion

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: subendocardium.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: rapid reopening of the occluded coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Coronary angioplasty

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Coronary angioplasty

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coronary angioplasty

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: epicardial coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ischemic microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coronary angioplasty

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plaque

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: epicardial coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: coronary microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arterial occlusion

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: reopened large epicardial coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterial occlusion

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary angioplasty

text: Myoglobin was the first protein to have its three-dimensional structure revealed by X-ray crystallography. This achievement was reported in 1958 by John Kendrew and associates. For this discovery, John Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Max Perutz. Despite being one of the most studied proteins in biology, its physiological function is not yet conclusively established: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin are viable, but showed a 30% reduction in volume of blood being pumped by the heart during a contraction.  They adapted to this deficiency through natural reactions to inadequate oxygen supply (hypoxia) and a widening of blood vessels (vasodilation). In humans myoglobin is encoded by the MB gene.

text: Myoglobin was the first protein to have its three-dimensional structure revealed by

text: X-ray crystallography

text: . This achievement was reported in 1958 by

text: John Kendrew

text: and associates. For this discovery, John Kendrew shared the 1962

text: Nobel Prize in chemistry

text: with

text: Max Perutz

text: . Despite being one of the most studied proteins in biology, its physiological function is not yet conclusively established: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin are viable, but showed a 30% reduction in volume of blood being pumped by the heart during a contraction.  They adapted to this deficiency through natural reactions to inadequate oxygen supply (

text: hypoxia

text: ) and a widening of blood vessels (

text: vasodilation

text: ). In humans myoglobin is encoded by the MB

text: gene

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hyperoxia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: what is the first protein to have its three-dimensional structure revealed by X-ray crystallography?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin are viable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a widening of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the first protein to have its three-dimensional structure revealed by X-ray crystallography?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (vasodilation).

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (hypoxia)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: contraction.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: contraction.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mice

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (hypoxia)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (hypoxia) and a widening of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: contraction.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart during a contraction.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (vasodilation).

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart during a contraction.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (vasodilation).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: widening of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pumped by the heart during a contraction.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (vasodilation).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Myoglobin

text: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death (30%) amongst women in the United States, and the leading cause of chronic disease amongst them, affecting nearly 40% (Gronowski and Schindler, Tables I and IV). The onset occurs at a later age in women than in men. For instance the incidence of stroke in women under the age of 80 is less than that in men, but higher in those aged over 80. Overall the lifetime risk of stroke in women exceeds that in men. The risk of cardiovascular disease amongst those with diabetes and amongst smokers is also higher in women than in men. Many aspects of cardiovascular disease vary between women and men, including risk factors, prevalence, physiology, symptoms, response to intervention and outcome.

text: Cardiovascular disease

text: is the leading cause of death (30%) amongst women in the United States, and the leading cause of chronic disease amongst them, affecting nearly 40% (Gronowski and Schindler, Tables I and IV). The onset occurs at a later age in women than in men. For instance the incidence of stroke in women under the age of 80 is less than that in men, but higher in those aged over 80. Overall the lifetime risk of stroke in women exceeds that in men. The risk of cardiovascular disease amongst those with diabetes and amongst smokers is also higher in women than in men. Many aspects of cardiovascular disease vary between women and men, including risk factors, prevalence, physiology, symptoms, response to intervention and outcome.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes and amongst smokers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiovascular disease: stroke, diabetes, or smoking?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease: Cardiovascular disease or stroke?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, stroke, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes and amongst smokers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: men.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: leading cause of death (30%) amongst women in the United States,

text: The failure of the hole between the right and left atrium to close shortly after birth is the cause behind ASD primium. During fetal development blood will pass from the umbilical cord and flow into the left atrium through an hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air, the blood flow of the heart changes; a tissue flap (septum primium) normally closes the hole (foramen ovale) between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. During ASD primium, after birth the hole is not completely closed allowing deoxygenated blood to flow into the left atria from the right atria. With the failure of the blood to pass from the right atrium  into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary veins, blood will not obtain any oxygen before it is leaves the heart and goes to other parts of the body. Due to the incorrect blood flow, symptoms such as fatigue (from decreased systemic blood flow), palpitations (from blood flowing from left atria to right atria), weight gain, edema, right upper chest pain (all caused from the left to right atria blood flow), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath during sleep), orthopnea (difficulty in breathing while lying down), and hemoptysis or coughing up blood (all caused by small ASD that cause blood flow from left to right atria).

text: The failure of the hole between the right and left atrium to close shortly after birth is the cause behind ASD primium. During fetal development blood will pass from the umbilical cord and flow into the left atrium through an hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air, the blood flow of the heart changes; a tissue flap (septum primium) normally closes the hole (foramen ovale) between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. During ASD primium, after birth the hole is not completely closed allowing deoxygenated blood to flow into the left atria from the right atria. With the failure of the blood to pass from the right atrium  into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary veins, blood will not obtain any oxygen before it is leaves the heart and goes to other parts of the body. Due to the incorrect blood flow, symptoms such as fatigue (from decreased systemic blood flow), palpitations (from blood flowing from left atria to right atria), weight gain, edema, right upper chest pain (all caused from the left to right atria blood flow), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath during sleep), orthopnea (difficulty in breathing while lying down), and hemoptysis or coughing up blood (all caused by small ASD that cause blood flow from left to right atria).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ASD primium

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ASD

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ASD

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the opposite of deoxygenated blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the left to right atria blood flow, edema, right upper chest pain, or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood flow from left to right atrium

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atrial wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood will not obtain any oxygen before it is leaves the heart and goes to other parts of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the cause behind ASD primium?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ASD primium.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atria.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ASD primium.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weight gain,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left atria from the right atria.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood will not obtain any oxygen

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atria.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: tissue flap

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: a tissue flap

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lungs begin to fill with air,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left atria from the right atria.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: a tissue flap

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: hole between the two atria.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ASD primium.

text: He posited that the “pores” of the heart are closed, that there is no passage between the two chambers, and the substance of the heart is thick. Instead, al-Nafis hypothesized that blood rose into the lungs via the arterial vein and then circulated into the left cavity of the heart. Paul Ghalioungui also theorized concerning the structure of the heart.  He believed that blood (spirit) and air passes from the lung to the left ventricle and not in the opposite direction. Some points that conflict with Al-Nafis' are that there are only two ventricles instead of three and that the ventricle gets its energy from the blood flowing in the vessels running in the coronary vessels, not from blood deposited in the right ventricle.

text: He posited that the “pores” of the heart are closed, that there is no passage between the two chambers, and the substance of the heart is thick. Instead, al-Nafis hypothesized that blood rose into the lungs via the arterial vein and then circulated into the left cavity of the heart.

text: Paul Ghalioungui

text: also theorized concerning the structure of the heart.  He believed that blood (spirit) and air passes from the lung to the left ventricle and not in the opposite direction. Some points that conflict with Al-Nafis' are that there are only two ventricles instead of three and that the ventricle gets its energy from the blood flowing in the vessels running in the coronary vessels, not from blood deposited in the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does al-Nafis hypothesize?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does al-Nafis hypothesize passes from the lung to the left ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels running in the coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there are only two ventricles instead of three

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: al-Nafis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left cavity

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary vessels, not from blood deposited in the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: “pores” of the heart are closed,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood flowing in the vessels running in the coronary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: two ventricles instead of three

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterial vein

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Paul Ghalioungui

text: Additionally, one study demonstrated that expression levels of MIAT are shown to change in peripheral blood cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In particular, researchers studied the association between levels of lncRNAs and inflammation markers in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. MIAT levels were found to be positively associated with lymphocytes and negatively associated with neutrophils and platelets. In another portion of this study, researchers looked at the association between cardiovascular risk factors and levels of lncRNAs. Smoking was a cardiovascular risk factor that was found to be positively associated with MIAT. It is important to realize that even though several researchers have reported that levels of lncRNAs are regulated in the cardiac tissue following a heart attack, it is not known for sure whether it is the myocardial infarction that affects the levels of lncRNAs in peripheral blood cells. MIAT has various genotypes of SNPs and it is possible that only one of them relates to heart disease.

text: Additionally, one study demonstrated that expression levels of MIAT are shown to change in

text: peripheral blood cell

text: s of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In particular, researchers studied the association between levels of lncRNAs and inflammation markers in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. MIAT levels were found to be positively associated with

text: lymphocyte

text: s and negatively associated with

text: neutrophil

text: s and

text: platelet

text: s. In another portion of this study, researchers looked at the association between cardiovascular risk factors and levels of lncRNAs.

text: Smoking

text: was a cardiovascular risk factor that was found to be positively associated with MIAT. It is important to realize that even though several researchers have reported that levels of lncRNAs are regulated in the cardiac tissue following a heart attack, it is not known for sure whether it is the myocardial infarction that affects the levels of lncRNAs in peripheral blood cells. MIAT has various genotypes of SNPs and it is possible that only one of them relates to heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiac tissue

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cardiovascular risk factor that was found to be positively associated with MIAT?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for myocardial infarction?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the myocardial infarction that affects the levels of lncRNAs in peripheral blood cells

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood cell: lymphocytes, neutrophils, or platelets?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: acute myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lymphocytes

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: acute myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphocytes

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: MIAT are shown to change in peripheral blood cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: neutrophils and platelets.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: neutrophils and platelets.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: acute myocardial infarction.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Smoking

text: Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is disease of small pulmonary arteries that is usually caused by more than one mechanism. This includes pneumonia, parasitic infections, street drugs, such as cocaine and methamphetamines that cause constriction of blood vessels, and many more. Vasoactive mediators, such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, along with overexpression of vasoconstrictors not only affect vascular tone but also promote vascular remodeling. PAH deals with increase blood pressure in pulmonary arteries, which leads to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, rarely hemoptysis, and many other symptoms. PAH can be a severe disease, which may lead to decreased exercise tolerance, and ultimately heart failure. It involves vasoconstrictions of blood vessels connected to and within the lungs. As a result, the heart has a hard time pumping blood through the lungs, and the blood vessels eventually undergoes fibrosis. The increased workload on the heart causes hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which leads less blood being pump through the lungs and decreased blood to the left side of the heart. As a result of all of this, the left side of the heart has a hard time pumping a sufficient supply of oxygen to the rest of the body, which deteriorates the effect of the haemodynamic response. Impaired haemodynamic responses in turn diminish exercise capacity in patients with PAH. The severity of haemodynamic dysfunction during progressive exercise in PAH can be recorded using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and/or impedance cardiography (ICG). Furthermore, there are no current cures for pulmonary arterial hypertension, but there are treatment options for patients with the disease to help prolong their survival and quality of life. A few of these treatments include basic therapy, calcium-channel blockers, and prostacyclin therapy. Basic therapy can lead to dramatic clinical improvements in patients with right heart failure by instituting diuretic therapy. This reduces the right ventricular preload. Moreover, high-dose calcium-channel blockers among patients who have a response to this treatment can prolong survival and improve pulmonary haemodynamics. Calcium channel blocking drugs results in regression of right ventricular hypertrophy. On the other hand, prostacyclin therapy prolongs survival by inducing relaxation of vascular smooth muscles. This stimulates the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which inhibits the growth of smooth-muscle cells.

text: Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is disease of small pulmonary arteries that is usually caused by more than one mechanism. This includes

text: pneumonia

text: , parasitic infections, street drugs, such as

text: cocaine

text: and

text: methamphetamines

text: that cause constriction of blood vessels, and many more. Vasoactive mediators, such as nitric oxide and

text: prostacyclin

text: , along with overexpression of vasoconstrictors not only affect vascular tone but also promote vascular remodeling. PAH deals with increase blood pressure in pulmonary arteries, which leads to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, rarely

text: hemoptysis

text: , and many other symptoms. PAH can be a severe disease, which may lead to decreased exercise tolerance, and ultimately heart failure. It involves vasoconstrictions of blood vessels connected to and within the lungs. As a result, the heart has a hard time pumping blood through the lungs, and the blood vessels eventually undergoes

text: fibrosis

text: . The increased workload on the heart causes

text: hypertrophy

text: of the right ventricle, which leads less blood being pump through the lungs and decreased blood to the left side of the heart. As a result of all of this, the left side of the heart has a hard time pumping a sufficient supply of oxygen to the rest of the body, which deteriorates the effect of the haemodynamic response. Impaired haemodynamic responses in turn diminish exercise capacity in patients with PAH. The severity of haemodynamic dysfunction during progressive exercise in PAH can be recorded using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and/or

text: impedance cardiography

text: (ICG). Furthermore, there are no current cures for pulmonary arterial hypertension, but there are treatment options for patients with the disease to help prolong their survival and quality of life. A few of these treatments include basic therapy, calcium-channel blockers, and prostacyclin therapy. Basic therapy can lead to dramatic clinical improvements in patients with right heart failure by instituting diuretic therapy. This reduces the right ventricular preload. Moreover, high-dose calcium-channel blockers among patients who have a response to this treatment can prolong survival and improve pulmonary haemodynamics. Calcium channel blocking drugs results in regression of right ventricular hypertrophy. On the other hand, prostacyclin therapy prolongs survival by inducing relaxation of vascular smooth muscles. This stimulates the production of

text: cyclic AMP

text: (cAMP), which inhibits the growth of smooth-muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The left side of the heart has a hard time pumping a sufficient supply of oxygen

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the left side of the heart have a hard time pumping?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of pulmonary hypertension?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium channel blocking drugs results in

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary arteries, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: decreased blood to the left side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: street drugs,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: hypertrophy of the right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: quality of life.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: decreased blood to the left side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: less blood being pump through the lungs and decreased blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: calcium-channel blockers,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: calcium-channel blockers,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood being pump through the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: decreased blood to the left side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right heart failure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: decreased blood to the left side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: quality of life.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension,

text: The main function of VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis, where it acts on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) primarily via its receptor VEGFR-3 promoting survival, growth and migration. It was discovered in 1996 as a ligand for the orphan receptor VEGFR-3. Soon thereafter, it was shown to be a specific growth factor for lymphatic vessels in a variety of models. However, in addition to its effect on lymphatic vessels, it can also promote the growth of blood vessels and regulate their permeability. The effect on blood vessels can be mediated via its primary receptor VEGFR-3 or its secondary receptor VEGFR-2. Apart from vascular targets, VEGF-C is also important for neural development and blood pressure regulation.

text: The main function of VEGF-C is in

text: lymphangiogenesis

text: , where it acts on

text: lymphatic

text: endothelial

text: cells (LECs) primarily via its receptor

text: promoting survival, growth and migration. It was discovered in 1996 as a ligand for the orphan receptor VEGFR-3. Soon thereafter, it was shown to be a specific growth factor for lymphatic vessels in a variety of models. However, in addition to its effect on lymphatic vessels, it can also promote the growth of blood vessels and regulate their permeability. The effect on blood vessels can be mediated via its primary receptor VEGFR-3 or its secondary receptor

text: . Apart from vascular targets, VEGF-C is also important for neural development and blood pressure regulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, or lymphatic endothelial cells?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main function of VEGF-C?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: lymphatic vessels, blood vessels or lymphatic endothelial cells?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can VEGF-C do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGFR-3

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lymphatic vessels can also promote the growth of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: lymphatic vessels, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, or lymphatic endothelial cells?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lymphatic vessels, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-C

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels and regulate their permeability.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: primary receptor VEGFR-3 or its secondary receptor VEGFR-2.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: VEGF-C is in lymphangiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lymphangiogenesis,

text: The heart contains four valves that direct the flow of blood in a single direction.Venous/deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the tricuspid valve (TV) and pulmonary valve (PV); and arterial/oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves function to move blood in one direction only and failure to prevent back-flow is called regurgitation or insufficiency; and failure to easily move blood in the forward direction is through narrowing of the valve called stenosis.There are eight combinations of the four valves and two disorders.

text: The heart contains four valves that direct the flow of blood in a single direction.Venous/deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the

text: tricuspid valve

text: (TV) and

text: pulmonary valve

text: (PV); and arterial/oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the

text: mitral valve

text: (MV) and

text: aortic valve

text: (AV).Valves function to move blood in one direction only and failure to prevent back-flow is called regurgitation or insufficiency; and failure to easily move blood in the forward direction is through narrowing of the valve called stenosis.There are eight combinations of the four valves and two disorders.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stents

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: mitral, atria, or tricuspid?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: mitral, aortic, or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: tricuspid, pulmonary, or mitral?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the valves direct the flow of blood in a single direction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: tricuspid, pulmonary, or mitral?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: tricuspid valve, mitral valve, or aortic valve?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, mitral, or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis.There

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary valve

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis.There

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: direction.Venous/deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary valve (PV);

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart contains four valves

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary valve (PV);

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The heart contains four valves

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial/oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tricuspid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart contains four valves

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four valves that direct the flow of blood in a single direction.Venous/deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: back-flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic valve (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: tricuspid valve (TV) and pulmonary valve (PV);

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (AV).Valves

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: eight combinations of the four valves and two disorders.

text: The objective of the trial was to identify whether, in patients with a systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher and an increased cardiovascular risk, but without diabetes, treating to a systolic blood pressure target of less than 120 mm Hg is superior to a target of 140 mm Hg. The primary outcome being measured was myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndromes, stroke, heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. The study implies that patients receiving "standard" therapy were controlled similarly to all adults being treated for hypertension and that patients receiving "intensive" therapy had a lower mean SBP compared to all adults being treated for hypertension, but neither conclusion is true when compared to the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

text: The objective of the trial was to identify whether, in patients with a systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher and an increased cardiovascular risk, but without diabetes, treating to a systolic blood pressure target of less than 120 mm Hg is superior to a target of 140 mm Hg. The primary outcome being measured was

text: myocardial infarction

text: , other

text: acute coronary syndromes

text: stroke

text: heart failure

text: , or death from

text: cardiovascular

text: causes. The study implies that patients receiving "standard" therapy were controlled similarly to all adults being treated for hypertension and that patients receiving "intensive" therapy had a lower mean SBP compared to all adults being treated for hypertension, but neither conclusion is true when compared to the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The primary outcome being measured was myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the primary outcome being measured?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary outcome being measured?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is the primary outcome being measured?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the primary outcome being measured?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary syndromes,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 120 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndromes,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: systolic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary syndromes,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary syndromes,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: diabetes,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: stroke,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 140 mm Hg.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 130 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

text: The heart of baleen whales functions similarly to other mammals, with the major difference being the size. The heart can reach , but is still proportional to the whale's size. The muscular wall of the ventricle, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be  thick. The aorta, an artery, can be  thick. Their resting heart rate is 60 to 140 beats per minute (bpm), as opposed to the 60 to 100 bpm in humans. When diving, their heart rate will drop to 4 to 15 bpm to conserve oxygen. Like toothed whales, they have a dense network of blood vessels (rete mirabile) which prevents heat-loss. Like in most mammals, heat is lost in their extremities, so, in baleen whales, warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins to prevent heat loss during transport. As well as this, heat inevitably given off by the arteries warms blood in the surrounding veins as it travels back into the core. This is otherwise known as countercurrent exchange. To counteract overheating while in warmer waters, baleen whales reroute blood to the skin to accelerate heat-loss. They have the largest blood corpuscles (red and white blood cells) of any mammal, measuring  in diameter, as opposed to human's  blood corpuscles.

text: The heart of baleen whales functions similarly to other mammals, with the major difference being the size. The heart can reach , but is still proportional to the whale's size. The

text: muscular wall

text: of the

text: ventricle

text: , which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be  thick. The aorta, an

text: artery

text: , can be  thick. Their

text: resting heart rate

text: is 60 to 140

text: beats per minute

text: (bpm), as opposed to the 60 to 100 bpm in humans. When diving, their

text: heart rate

text: will drop to 4 to 15 bpm to conserve oxygen. Like toothed whales, they have a dense network of blood vessels (

text: rete mirabile

text: ) which prevents heat-loss. Like in most mammals, heat is lost in their

text: extremities

text: , so, in baleen whales, warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins to prevent heat loss during transport. As well as this, heat inevitably given off by the arteries warms blood in the surrounding veins as it travels back into the

text: core

text: . This is otherwise known as

text: countercurrent exchange

text: . To counteract overheating while in warmer waters, baleen whales reroute blood to the skin to accelerate heat-loss. They have the largest

text: blood corpuscle

text: s (

text: red

text: and

text: white

text: blood cell

text: s) of any mammal, measuring  in diameter, as opposed to human's  blood corpuscles.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: 60 to 100 bpm

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a muscle: the muscular wall of the ventricle, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be thick

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true of baleen whales?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: rete mirabile

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: human's blood corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The muscular wall of the ventricle, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be thick

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which is larger, the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When diving, their heart rate will drop to 4 to 15 bpm

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: in humans

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: out of the heart, can be thick. The aorta,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: overheating

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thick.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: largest blood corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (red and white blood cells)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (rete mirabile)

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: human's blood corpuscles.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The aorta,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: thick.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: an artery, can be thick.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: prevents heat-loss.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: humans.

text: In vitro and animal model studies indicate that the EETs possess anti-inflammatory activity that is directed toward reducing, resolving, and limiting the damage caused by inflammation.  Most of these studies have focused on circulating leukocytes, blood vessel endothelium, and the occlusion of blood vessels due to pathological blood clotting. EETs a) inhibit vascular endothelial cells from expressing Cell adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin thereby limiting circulating leukocytes from adhering to blood vessel endothelium and migrating across this endothelium into tissues; 2) inhibit the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 in blood monocytes thereby reducing their production of pro-inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid such as prostaglandin E2; 3) inhibit platelet aggregation thereby reducing thrombus (i.e. blood clot) formation; 4) promote fibrinolysis thereby dissolving blood clots; and 5) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation thereby reducing blood vessel hypertrophy and narrowing.

text: In vitro and animal model studies indicate that the EETs possess

text: anti-inflammatory

text: activity that is directed toward reducing, resolving, and limiting the damage caused by inflammation.  Most of these studies have focused on circulating

text: leukocytes

text: , blood vessel endothelium, and the occlusion of blood vessels due to pathological blood clotting. EETs a) inhibit vascular endothelial cells from expressing

text: Cell adhesion molecule

text: s such as

text: , and

text: E-selectin

text: thereby limiting circulating

text: leukocytes

text: from adhering to blood vessel endothelium and migrating across this endothelium into tissues; 2) inhibit the expression and activity of

text: in blood

text: monocytes

text: thereby reducing their production of pro-inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid such as

text: prostaglandin E2

text: ; 3) inhibit platelet aggregation thereby reducing

text: thrombus

text: (i.e. blood clot) formation; 4) promote

text: fibrinolysis

text: thereby dissolving blood clots; and 5) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation thereby reducing blood vessel

text: hypertrophy

text: and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: occlusion

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: EETs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle cell

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Prostaglandin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular smooth muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel hypertrophy and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessel hypertrophy and narrowing

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tissues;

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertrophy and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: circulating leukocytes,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tissues;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cyclooxygenase-2

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pathological blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vascular endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cyclooxygenase-2

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cyclooxygenase-2

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel hypertrophy and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cyclooxygenase-2

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EETs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels due to pathological blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: circulating leukocytes, blood vessel endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: occlusion of blood vessels due to pathological blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cyclooxygenase-2 in blood monocytes

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thrombus

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel hypertrophy and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: hypertrophy and narrowing.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: EETs

text: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart propel blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems. This complex mechanism illustrates systole of the heart.

text: Coordinated

text: contraction

text: s of cardiac muscle cells in the heart propel

text: blood

text: out of the

text: atria

text: and

text: ventricles

text: to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary

text: circulatory system

text: s. This complex mechanism illustrates

text: systole

text: of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: body

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiac muscle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: left/body/systemic or right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atria or ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows out of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Why does the heart pump blood?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which circulatory system does not include the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: systole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: systole

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood out of the atria

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: atria and ventricles

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contractions

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells

text: HFpEF is characterized by an increase in the stiffness of the heart's left ventricle and a decrease in left ventricle relaxation when filling with blood before the next beat. Increased left atrial size is often seen with HFpEF as a result of the poor left ventricular function. There is an increased risk for atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. Risk factors for HFpEF include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and obstructive sleep apnea. There is a query about how this rendering may describe diastolic heart failure.

text: HFpEF is characterized by an increase in the stiffness of the heart's

text: left ventricle

text: and a decrease in left ventricle relaxation when filling with blood before the next beat. Increased left

text: atrial

text: size is often seen with HFpEF as a result of the poor left ventricular function. There is an increased risk for

text: atrial fibrillation

text: and

text: pulmonary hypertension

text: . Risk factors for HFpEF include

text: hypertension

text: hyperlipidemia

text: diabetes

text: smoking

text: , and

text: obstructive sleep apnea

text: . There is a query about how this rendering may describe

text: diastolic heart failure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hyperlipidemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left atrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastolic heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, or obstructive sleep apnea?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for HFpEF?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for HFpEF: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, or obstructive sleep apnea?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of diastolic heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a decrease in left ventricle relaxation when filling with blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of HFpEF?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for HFpEF?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for diastolic heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for HFpEF?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastolic heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: diastolic heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Increased left atrial size

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: diastolic heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: HFpEF

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: diastolic heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: diastolic heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary hypertension.

text: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow. When injected into the penis (intracavernosal), it increases blood flow to the penis, which results in an erection.

text: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to

text: dilate

text: , thereby increasing blood flow. When injected into the penis (intracavernosal), it increases blood flow to the penis, which results in an erection.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: erection

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contraction: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not used for blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or penis?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not true of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: erection.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: injection it causes blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: injection

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: (intracavernosal),

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilate,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate,

text: Charles Claude Guthrie (September 26, 1880 – April 1963) was an American physiologist.  He was born at Gilmore, St. Charles Co., Mo., and graduated (M.D.) from the University of Missouri in 1901 and (Ph.D.) from the University of Chicago in 1908;  taught physiology while engaged in advanced studies, and was professor of physiology and pharmacology at Washington University in 1906–1909 and at the University of Pittsburgh after 1909.  He was author of Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications (1912) and of contributions on blood reactions and alterations, resuscitation, cerebral and other anæmias, isolated and ungrafted tissues, and sutures and anastomosis of blood vessels.

text: Charles Claude Guthrie (September 26, 1880 – April 1963) was an

text: American

text: physiologist

text: .  He was born at

text: Gilmore

text: St. Charles Co.

text: Mo.

text: , and graduated (

text: M.D.

text: ) from the

text: University of Missouri

text: in 1901 and (

text: Ph.D.

text: ) from the

text: University of Chicago

text: in 1908;  taught

text: physiology

text: while engaged in advanced studies, and was

text: professor

text: of physiology and

text: pharmacology

text: at

text: Washington University

text: in 1906–1909 and at the

text: University of Pittsburgh

text: after 1909.  He was author of Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications (1912) and of contributions on blood reactions and alterations,

text: resuscitation

text: , cerebral and other

text: anæmias

text: , isolated and ungrafted tissues, and

text: suture

text: s and

text: anastomosis

text: of

text: blood vessel

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Charles Claude Guthrie study?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: isolated and ungrafted

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: isolated and ungrafted tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood reactions and alterations

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: an<unk>mias,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cerebral

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: an<unk>mias,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: advanced studies,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: anastomosis of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: isolated and ungrafted tissues,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood-Vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cerebral and other an<unk>mias,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sutures and anastomosis of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood-Vessel Surgery and its Applications

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Charles Claude Guthrie

text: The most basic aspect iof the heart s the cardiovascular compartment’s ability to facilitate and maintain circulation. The structures of the heart play a vital role in its ability to do this. Important structures include:the muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood throughout the organism (this wall is both vascularised and innervated, and n newts, innervated mainly by the vagus nerve,) the inside endothelial layer called the endocardium, and the outside mesothelial layer called the epicardium. Contraction of the heart is due to the electrical stimuli (signals) that are received from the central nervous system in organisms.

text: The most basic aspect iof the heart s the cardiovascular compartment’s ability to facilitate and maintain circulation. The structures of the heart play a vital role in its ability to do this. Important structures include:the muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood throughout the organism (this wall is both vascularised and innervated, and n newts, innervated mainly by the

text: vagus nerve

text: ,) the inside endothelial layer called the endocardium, and the outside mesothelial layer called the epicardium. Contraction of the heart is due to the electrical stimuli (signals) that are received from the central nervous system in organisms.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: vagus nerve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: exocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: the atria, the endocardium, or the epicardium?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: the muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: the muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelial layer

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical stimuli

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Epicardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They are not vascularized.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood throughout the organism

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular compartment: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the epicardium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a structure of the heart: the muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the muscular wall?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: throughout the organism

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: newts,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Contraction of the heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: electrical stimuli (signals) that are received from the central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardium,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Contraction of the heart is due to the electrical stimuli

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contract

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical stimuli

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: include:the muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: epicardium.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the inside endothelial layer called the endocardium,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: endocardium,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: muscular wall that has the function to contract and therefore pump blood

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Contraction of the heart is due to the electrical stimuli

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: circulation.

text: There are many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system — the biological system that includes the pumping and channeling of blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.

text: There are many conditions of or affecting the human

text: circulatory system

text: — the

text: biological system

text: that includes the pumping and channeling of

text: blood

text: to and from the

text: body

text: and

text: lungs

text: with

text: heart

text: blood

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the circulatory system does not include capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: to and from the body

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: There are many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart, blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There are many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pumping and channeling of blood to and from the body

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart, blood and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, blood and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: There are many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: There are many conditions of or affecting the human circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart, blood and blood vessels.

text: An implantable lung could keep patients with serious lung diseases alive long enough for them to beat potentially deadly infections. The resulting device could be small enough to allow implantation into the body, where it would be attached to the pulmonary artery, the main blood vessel from the heart to the lungs. From here, the heart's own pumping power would drive blood through it.

text: An implantable lung could keep patients with serious

text: lung diseases

text: alive long enough for them to beat potentially deadly

text: infections

text: . The resulting device could be small enough to allow

text: implant

text: ation into the body, where it would be attached to the

text: pulmonary artery

text: , the main

text: blood vessel

text: from the heart to the lungs. From here, the heart's own pumping power would drive blood through it.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right, left, or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or pulmonary artery?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or pulmonary artery?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart's own pumping power would drive blood through it.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The pulmonary artery is the main blood vessel from the heart to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the pulmonary artery, the main blood vessel from the heart to the lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infections.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lung diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart's own pumping power

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart's own pumping power

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the heart's own pumping power

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery,

text: Doppler techniques can be used to visualize blood flow through the heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels. Assessment of fetal arrhythmias is best accomplished by using a combination of M-mode and Doppler recordings. When these arrhythmias are present, a careful search for structural heart disease is mandatory. With this approach, a wealth of diagnostic information is available. Knowledge of complex congenital heart disease before delivery allows therapeutic interventions to begin immediately after birth and can be life saving for such patients. In both of these examples, knowledge about the presence and severity of congenital cardiac defects facilitated management of labor and delivery and allowed perinatal care to be optimized.

text: Doppler techniques can be used to visualize blood flow through the heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels. Assessment of fetal arrhythmias is best accomplished by using a combination of M-mode and Doppler recordings. When these arrhythmias are present, a careful search for structural heart disease is mandatory. With this approach, a wealth of diagnostic information is available. Knowledge of complex congenital heart disease before delivery allows therapeutic interventions to begin immediately after birth and can be life saving for such patients. In both of these examples, knowledge about the presence and severity of congenital cardiac defects facilitated management of labor and delivery and allowed perinatal care to be optimized.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital cardiac defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does structural heart disease mean?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: great vessels, arteries, or umbilical vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: great vessels and umbilical vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries can be used to visualize blood flow through the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fetal arrhythmias

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: structural heart disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Doppler techniques can be used to visualize blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through the heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Doppler techniques can be used to visualize blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood flow through the heart, great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: great vessels, and umbilical vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Doppler techniques can be used to visualize blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: structural heart disease

text: Hemodynamics or hæmodynamics is the dynamics of blood flow. The circulatory system is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms, much as hydraulic circuits are controlled by control systems. Hemodynamic response continuously monitors and adjusts to conditions in the body and its environment. Thus hemodynamics explains the physical laws that govern the flow of blood in the blood vessels. The relationships can be challenging because blood vessels are complex, with many ways for blood to enter and exit under changing conditions.

text: Hemodynamics

entity_name: American and British English spelling differences

text: or

text: hæmodynamics is the

text: dynamics

text: of

text: blood flow

text: . The

text: circulatory system

text: is controlled by

text: homeostatic

text: mechanisms, much as

text: hydraulic circuit

text: s are controlled by

text: control system

text: s.

text: Hemodynamic response

text: continuously monitors and adjusts to conditions in the body and its environment. Thus hemodynamics explains the

text: physical law

text: s that govern the flow of blood in the

text: blood vessel

text: s. The relationships can be challenging because blood vessels are complex, with many ways for blood to enter and exit under changing conditions.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: homeostatic mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does hemodynamics explain?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does hemodynamics relate to blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: complex

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The relationships can be challenging because blood vessels are complex

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: How does hemodynamics explain the physical laws that govern the flow of blood in the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: h modynamics

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: h modynamics

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: exit

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: hydraulic circuits

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hydraulic circuits

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hydraulic circuits

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: homeostatic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: many ways for blood to enter and exit under changing conditions.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hydraulic circuits are controlled by control systems.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood flow. The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: hydraulic circuits are controlled by control systems.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: enter and exit

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The circulatory system is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hemodynamics

text: A plausible treatment for patients with this disease is revascularization,which would restore blood supply to the heart.MiR-27b is linked to Semaphorin 6A, which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Overexpression of miR-27b decreased the protein expression of Semaphorin 6A which favored new blood vessel sprouting in the heart. To further determine that Semaphorin 6A is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, silencing of Semaphorin 6A using siRNA showed an increase in blood vessel formation  further proven that mir-27b might be useful in treating patients with ischemic heart disease.

text: A plausible treatment for patients with this disease is revascularization,which would restore blood supply to the heart.MiR-27b is linked to Semaphorin 6A, which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Overexpression of miR-27b decreased the protein expression of Semaphorin 6A which favored new blood vessel sprouting in the heart. To further determine that Semaphorin 6A is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, silencing of Semaphorin 6A using siRNA showed an increase in blood vessel formation  further proven that mir-27b might be useful in treating patients with ischemic heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: revascularization

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a source of oxygen-rich blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Semaphorin 6A

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Semaphorin 6A.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood supply to the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the aortic arch, or the aortic valve?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The leading cause of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: revascularization,which would restore blood supply to the heart.MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: new blood vessel sprouting in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: new blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: new blood vessel sprouting

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: new blood vessel sprouting

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.MiR-27b

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Semaphorin 6A,

text: Another issue with tissue culture is introducing the proper factors or stimuli required to induce functionality. In many cases, simple maintenance culture is not sufficient. Growth factors, hormones, specific metabolites or nutrients, chemical and physical stimuli are sometimes required. For example, certain cells respond to changes in oxygen tension as part of their normal development, such as chondrocytes, which must adapt to low oxygen conditions or hypoxia during skeletal development. Others, such as endothelial cells, respond to shear stress from fluid flow, which is encountered in blood vessels. Mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

text: Another issue with tissue culture is introducing the proper factors or stimuli required to induce functionality. In many cases, simple maintenance culture is not sufficient.

text: Growth factor

text: s,

text: hormone

text: s, specific metabolites or nutrients, chemical and physical stimuli are sometimes required. For example, certain cells respond to changes in oxygen tension as part of their normal development, such as

text: chondrocyte

text: s, which must adapt to low oxygen conditions or

text: hypoxia

text: during skeletal development. Others, such as endothelial cells, respond to

text: shear stress

text: from fluid flow, which is encountered in

text: blood vessels

text: . Mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not respond to shear stress from fluid flow, which is encountered in blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What kind of cells respond to changes in oxygen tension as part of their normal development?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pressure pulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: simple maintenance culture is sufficient

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels or pericardium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: mechanical stimuli

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pressure pulses

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypoxia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Growth factors, hormones,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chondrocytes,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Mechanical stimuli,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Mechanical stimuli,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endothelial cells, respond to shear stress from fluid flow,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pressure pulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: simple maintenance culture is not sufficient.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Mechanical stimuli,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: shear stress from fluid flow,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Mechanical stimuli,

text: There are many cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels. They are known as vascular diseases.

text: There are many cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels. They are known as

text: vascular disease

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if blood vessels did not dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not vascular.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: There are many cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular diseases.

text: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors found in the carotid arteries. Nerves embed themselves within these receptors and when they detect stretching, they are stimulated and fire action potentials to the central nervous system. These impulses inhibit the constriction of blood vessels and lower the heart rate. If these nerves do not detect stretching, the body determines perceives low blood pressure as a dangerous stimulus and signals are not sent, preventing the inhibition CNS action; blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases, causing an increase in blood pressure in the body.

text: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors found in the

text: carotid arteries

text: Nerve

text: s embed themselves within these receptors and when they detect stretching, they are stimulated and fire

text: action potentials

text: to the

text: central nervous system

text: . These impulses inhibit the constriction of blood vessels and lower the heart rate. If these nerves do not detect stretching, the body determines perceives low blood pressure as a dangerous stimulus and signals are not sent, preventing the inhibition CNS action; blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases, causing an increase in blood pressure in the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not found in the carotid arteries: right, left, or carotid?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the carotid arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the carotid artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of blood vessels dilating: blood pressure, heart rate, or cardiac output?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: action potentials

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: carotid arteries or aortic arteries?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not found in the carotid arteries: right atrium, right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: carotid arteries, aorta or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: causing an increase in blood pressure in the body

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: action potentials to the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: carotid arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lower the heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stretch receptors found in the carotid arteries.

text: The condition can be associated with a heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space. Often there will be differences in blood pressures between upper and lower extremities. The diagnosis can be assisted with echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI) is a technique that defines blood flow characteristics and patterns throughout the vessels, across valves, and in compartments of the heart. Four-dimensional imaging enables accurate visualizations of blood flow patterns in a three-dimensional (3D) spatial volume, as well as in a fourth temporal dimension. Current 4D MRI systems produces high-resolution images of blood flow in just a single scan session.

text: The condition can be associated with a

text: heart murmur

text: located at the right second intercostal space. Often there will be differences in blood pressures between upper and lower extremities. The diagnosis can be assisted with

text: echocardiography

text: or

text: magnetic resonance imaging

text: (MRI). Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI) is a technique that defines blood flow characteristics and patterns throughout the vessels, across valves, and in compartments of the heart. Four-dimensional imaging enables accurate visualizations of blood flow patterns in a three-dimensional (3D) spatial volume, as well as in a fourth temporal dimension. Current 4D MRI systems produces high-resolution images of blood flow in just a single scan session.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: second intercostal space

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart murmur

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a heart murmur

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a compartment of the heart: the atria, the ventricles, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, heart, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a vessel: arteries, valves, or compartments of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: vessels, vessels, or vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: intercostal space

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 4D MRI

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressures between upper and lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: upper and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart murmur

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: upper and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart murmur

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: differences in blood pressures between upper and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: differences in blood pressures between upper and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a heart murmur located at the right second intercostal space.

text: The sin offering (, chatat) was to be slaughtered at the same place as the burnt offering, and the priest who offered it was to eat it in the Tent of Meeting. If the sin offering was cooked in an earthen vessel, that vessel was to be broken afterward. A copper vessel could be rinsed with water and reused. If blood of the sin offering was brought into the Tent of Meeting for expiation, the entire offering was to be burned on the altar.

text: The

text: sin

text: offering (, chatat) was to be slaughtered at the same place as the burnt offering, and the priest who offered it was to eat it in the Tent of Meeting. If the sin offering was cooked in an earthen vessel, that vessel was to be broken afterward. A copper vessel could be rinsed with water and reused. If

text: blood

text: of the sin offering was brought into the Tent of Meeting for expiation, the entire offering was to be burned on the altar.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sin

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Tent of Meeting

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood of the sin offering

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which vessel could be rinsed with water and reused?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe the priest who offered the sin offering?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Tent of Meeting

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a copper vessel could be rinsed with water and reused

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: If blood of the sin offering was brought into the Tent of Meeting for expiation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The sin offering (, chatat)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: The sin offering (, chatat)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sin offering

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Tent of Meeting.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: The sin offering (, chatat)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: The sin offering (, chatat)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: chatat)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The sin offering

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: The sin offering (, chatat)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chatat)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The sin offering

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Tent of Meeting.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Tent of Meeting.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Tent of Meeting.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: altar.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: copper vessel could be rinsed with water

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: copper vessel could be rinsed with water and reused. If blood

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: copper vessel could be rinsed with water

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Tent of Meeting for expiation,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The sin offering

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The sin offering

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: copper

text: Cardiac monitoring generally refers to continuous monitoring of heart activity, generally by electrocardiography, with assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm. It is different from hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors the pressure and flow of blood within the cardiovascular system. The two may be performed simultaneously on critical heart patients. A small monitor worn by an ambulatory patient (one well enough to walk around) is known as a Holter monitor. Transmitting data from a monitor to a distant monitoring station is known as telemetry or biotelemetry.

text: Cardiac monitoring generally refers to continuous

text: monitoring

text: of

text: heart

text: activity, generally by

text: electrocardiography

text: , with assessment of the patient's condition relative to their

text: cardiac rhythm

text: . It is different from

text: hemodynamic

text: monitoring, which monitors the

text: pressure

text: and

text: flow

text: of blood within the

text: cardiovascular system

text: . The two may be performed simultaneously on

text: critical

text: heart patients. A small monitor worn by an ambulatory patient (one well enough to walk around) is known as a

text: Holter monitor

text: . Transmitting data from a monitor to a distant monitoring station is known as

text: telemetry

text: or

text: biotelemetry

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: critical heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ambulatory

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac rhythm

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What is the difference between Cardiac monitoring and hemodynamic monitoring?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is different from hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors the pressure and flow of blood within the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is different from hemodynamic monitoring?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does hemodynamic monitoring monitor?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is hemodynamic monitoring?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in an atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hemodynamic monitoring

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is different from hemodynamic monitoring?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The cardiovascular system includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is different from hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors the pressure and flow of blood within the cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is different from hemodynamic monitoring?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: critical heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hemodynamic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: hemodynamic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hemodynamic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: critical heart patients.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ambulatory patient

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hemodynamic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: electrocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiography,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors the pressure and flow of blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors the pressure and flow of blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiac monitoring

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiac monitoring

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: hemodynamic monitoring,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: telemetry or biotelemetry.

text: Interestingly, the heart (and related structures) is the first organ to operate functionally. This is necessary for many reasons, as the heart is responsible for distribution of countless things throughout the body and embryonic development will obviously require a great deal of things to proceed normally. One such reason of its primary operation is the structuring of the vascular system, such as capillary networks found in varying tissues.

text: Interestingly, the heart (and related structures) is the first organ to operate functionally. This is necessary for many reasons, as the heart is responsible for distribution of countless things throughout the body and embryonic development will obviously require a great deal of things to proceed normally. One such reason of its primary operation is the structuring of the vascular system, such as capillary networks found in varying tissues.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the first organ to operate functionally?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: what is the first organ to operate functionally?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: what is the first organ to operate functionally?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the first organ to operate functionally

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart is responsible for distribution of countless things

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: what is the first organ to operate functionally?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: capillary networks found in varying tissues.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart (and related structures) is the first organ to operate functionally.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillary networks found in varying tissues.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: capillary networks

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: capillary networks

text: Thirsk was in the family medicine residency program at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Montreal when he was selected in December 1983 by the National Research Council of Canada to join the Canadian astronaut program. He began astronaut training in February 1984 and served as backup payload specialist to Marc Garneau for space shuttle mission STS-41-G, which flew October 5 to 13, 1984.  He has participated in several parabolic flight experiment campaigns on board NASA’s KC-135 aircraft and has been involved in various projects relating to space medicine, the International Space Station, mission planning, and education with the Canadian Space Agency. He led an international research team investigating the effect of weightlessness on the heart and blood vessels. His team designed and tested an experimental "anti-gravity suit" that may help astronauts withstand the effects of extended spaceflight on the cardiovascular system.

text: Thirsk was in the

text: family medicine

text: residency program at the

text: Queen Elizabeth Hospital

text: in Montreal when he was selected in December 1983 by the

text: National Research Council of Canada

text: to join the Canadian astronaut program. He began astronaut training in February 1984 and served as backup payload specialist to

text: Marc Garneau

text: for space shuttle mission

text: , which flew October 5 to 13, 1984.  He has participated in several parabolic flight experiment campaigns on board NASA’s

text: aircraft and has been involved in various projects relating to

text: space medicine

text: , the

text: International Space Station

text: , mission planning, and education with the

text: Canadian Space Agency

text: . He led an international research team investigating the effect of weightlessness on the heart and blood vessels. His team designed and tested an experimental "anti-gravity suit" that may help astronauts withstand the effects of extended spaceflight on the

text: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: extended spaceflight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which happened first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Veins, blood vessels, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, heart, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Thirsk?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: jugular vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the effect of weightlessness on the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or space shuttle?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does Thirsk lead an international research team investigating?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: extended spaceflight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Thirsk

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Thirsk

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: "anti-gravity suit"

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Thirsk

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the effect of weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Thirsk

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: weightlessness

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: "anti-gravity suit"

text: The pumping action of the heart then transports the blood around the body. As the left ventricle of the heart contracts, the volume decreases, which increases the pressure in the ventricle. This creates a pressure gradient between the heart and the capillaries, and blood moves through blood vessels by bulk flow (down the pressure gradient). As the thoracic cavity contracts during expiration, the volume of the alveoli decreases and creates a pressure gradient between the alveoli and the air outside the body, and air moves by bulk flow down the pressure gradient.

text: The pumping action of the

text: heart

text: then transports the blood around the body. As the left ventricle of the heart contracts, the volume decreases, which increases the pressure in the ventricle. This creates a pressure gradient between the heart and the capillaries, and blood moves through

text: blood vessel

text: s by bulk flow (down the pressure gradient). As the thoracic cavity contracts during expiration, the volume of the alveoli decreases and creates a pressure gradient between the alveoli and the air outside the body, and air moves by bulk flow down the pressure gradient.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic cavity

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic cavity

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contraction: ventricles, atria or thoracic cavity?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left ventricle of the heart transport?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of the left ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood moves through blood vessels by bulk flow (down the pressure gradient).

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does the left ventricle of the heart contract?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the capillaries, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the left ventricle of the heart contract?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: expiration,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: left ventricle of the heart contracts,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The pumping action of the heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: left ventricle of the heart contracts, the volume decreases,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pressure in the ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pressure gradient between the heart and the capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood moves through blood vessels by bulk flow (down the pressure gradient).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The pumping action of the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The pumping action of the heart then transports the blood

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increases the pressure in the ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The pumping action of the heart then transports the blood

text: There is ongoing research to make bio-engineered blood vessels, which may be of immense importance in creating AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis, who do not have good blood vessels for creation of one. It involves growing cells which produce collagen and other proteins on a biodegradable micromesh tube followed by removal of those cells to make the 'blood vessels' storable in refrigerators.

text: There is ongoing research to make bio-engineered blood vessels, which may be of immense importance in creating AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis, who do not have good blood vessels for creation of one. It involves growing cells which produce collagen and other proteins on a biodegradable micromesh tube followed by removal of those cells to make the 'blood vessels' storable in refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: a heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels can not be stored in refrigerators

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: AV

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: collagen and other proteins

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: bio-engineered blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: bio-engineered blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: biodegradable micromesh tube

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: collagen

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: good blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: storable in refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: AV fistulas for patients on hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: AV fistulas

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: bio-engineered blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: bio-engineered blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: There is ongoing research to make bio-engineered blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: bio-engineered blood vessels,

text: Athlete's heart most often does not have any physical symptoms, although an indicator would be a consistently low resting heart rate. Athletes with AHS often do not realize they have the condition unless they undergo specific medical tests,  because athlete's heart is a normal, physiological adaptation of the body to the stresses of physical conditioning and aerobic exercise. People diagnosed with athlete’s heart commonly display three signs that would usually indicate a heart condition when seen in a regular person: bradycardia, cardiomegaly, and cardiac hypertrophy. Bradycardia is a slower than normal heartbeat, at around 40–60 beats per minute. Cardiomegaly is the state of an enlarged heart, and cardiac hypertrophy the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart, specifically the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta. Especially during an intensive workout, more blood and oxygen are required to the peripheral tissues of the arms and legs in highly trained athletes' bodies. A larger heart results in higher cardiac output, which also allows it to beat more slowly, as more blood is pumped out with each beat.

text: Athlete's heart most often does not have any physical

text: symptom

text: s, although an indicator would be a consistently low resting heart rate. Athletes with AHS often do not realize they have the condition unless they undergo specific medical tests,  because athlete's heart is a normal,

text: physiological

text: adaptation of the body to the stresses of physical conditioning and aerobic exercise. People diagnosed with athlete’s heart commonly display three

text: signs

text: that would usually indicate a heart condition when seen in a regular person:

text: bradycardia

text: cardiomegaly

text: , and

text: cardiac hypertrophy

text: . Bradycardia is a slower than normal heartbeat, at around 40–60 beats per minute. Cardiomegaly is the state of an enlarged heart, and cardiac hypertrophy the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart, specifically the

text: left ventricle

text: , which pumps oxygenated blood to the

text: aorta

text: . Especially during an intensive workout, more blood and oxygen are required to the peripheral tissues of the arms and legs in highly trained athletes' bodies. A larger heart results in higher

text: cardiac output

text: , which also allows it to beat more slowly, as more blood is pumped out with each beat.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arms and legs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: physical conditioning and aerobic exercise

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does the left ventricle pump oxygenated blood to?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heartbeat: bradycardia, cardiomegaly, or cardiac hypertrophy?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the left ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the left ventricle pump to the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the state of an enlarged heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral tissues of the arms and legs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Athlete's heart most often does not have any physical symptoms

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a sign of athlete's heart: bradycardia, cardiomegaly or cardiac hypertrophy?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiac hypertrophy: bradycardia, cardiomegaly, or cardiac hypertrophy?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does cardiac hypertrophy thickening of the muscular wall of the heart, specifically the left ventricle, pump oxygenated blood to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the state of an enlarged heart?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac hypertrophy.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac hypertrophy.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiomegaly, and cardiac hypertrophy.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular wall

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygenated blood to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 40–60 beats per minute.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arms and legs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: peripheral tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygenated blood to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: enlarged heart, and cardiac hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: enlarged heart,

text: EEQS, similar to EDPs, have not be studied nearly as well as the EETs.  In comparison to the many activities attributed to the EETs in animal model studies (see Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid), a limited set of studies indicate that EEQs (and EPAs) mimic EETS in their abilities to dilate arterioles, reduce hypertension, inhibit inflammation (the anti-inflammatory actions of EEQ are less potent than those of the EETs) and thereby reduce occlusion of arteries to protect the heart and prevent and strokes (see Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid sections on a) Regulation of blood pressure, b) Heart disease, c) Strokes and seizures, and d) inflammation); they also mimic EETs in possessing analgesia properties in relieving certain types of pain (see [[Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid#Clinical significance#Pain]]).  Often, the EEQs (and EPAs) exhibit greater potency and/or effectiveness than EET in these actions.  In human studies potentially relevant to one or more of these activities, consumption of long chain omega-3 fatty acid (i.e. EPA- and DHA-rich) diet produced significant reductions in systolic blood pressure and increased peripheral arteriole blood flow and reactivity in patients at high to intermediate risk for cardiovascular events; an EPA/DHA-rich diet also reduced the risk while high serum levels of DHA and EPA were associated with a low risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Since such diets lead to large increases in the serum and urine levels of EPAs, EEQs, and the dihydoxy metabolites of these epoxides but relatively little or no increases in EETs or lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-producing metabolites of arachidonic acid, DHA, and/or EEQs, it is suggested that the diet-induced increases in EPAs and/or EEQs are responsible for this beneficial effects. In direct contrast to the EETs which have stimulating effects in the following activities (see Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, EEQs (and EPAs) inhibit new blood vessel formation (i.e. angiogenesis), human tumor cell growth, and human tumor metastasis in animal models implanted with certain types of human cancer cells.  The possible beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets in pathological states involving inflammation, hypertension, blood clotting, heart attacks and other cardiac diseases, strokes, brain seizures, pain perception, acute kidney injury, and cancer are suggested to result, at least in part, from the conversion of dietary EPA and DHA to EEQs and EPAs, respectively, and the cited subsequent actions of these metabolites.

text: EEQS, similar to EDPs, have not be studied nearly as well as the EETs.  In comparison to the many activities attributed to the EETs in animal model studies (see

text: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

text: ), a limited set of studies indicate that EEQs (and EPAs) mimic EETS in their abilities to dilate arterioles, reduce hypertension, inhibit inflammation (the anti-inflammatory actions of EEQ are less potent than those of the EETs) and thereby reduce occlusion of arteries to protect the heart and prevent and

text: stroke

text: s (see

text: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

text: sections on a) Regulation of blood pressure, b) Heart disease, c) Strokes and seizures, and d) inflammation); they also mimic EETs in possessing

text: analgesia

text: properties in relieving certain types of pain (see [[Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid#Clinical significance#Pain]]).  Often, the EEQs (and EPAs) exhibit greater potency and/or effectiveness than EET in these actions.  In human studies potentially relevant to one or more of these activities, consumption of long chain omega-3 fatty acid (i.e. EPA- and DHA-rich) diet produced significant reductions in systolic blood pressure and increased peripheral arteriole blood flow and reactivity in patients at high to intermediate risk for cardiovascular events; an EPA/DHA-rich diet also reduced the risk while high serum levels of DHA and EPA were associated with a low risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Since such diets lead to large increases in the serum and urine levels of EPAs, EEQs, and the dihydoxy metabolites of these epoxides but relatively little or no increases in EETs or

text: lipoxygenase

text: cyclooxygenase

text: -producing metabolites of arachidonic acid, DHA, and/or EEQs, it is suggested that the diet-induced increases in EPAs and/or EEQs are responsible for this beneficial effects. In direct contrast to the EETs which have stimulating effects in the following activities (see

text: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

text: , EEQs (and EPAs) inhibit new blood vessel formation (i.e.

text: angiogenesis

text: ), human tumor cell growth, and human tumor metastasis in animal models implanted with certain types of human cancer cells.  The possible beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets in pathological states involving inflammation, hypertension, blood clotting, heart attacks and other cardiac diseases, strokes, brain seizures, pain perception, acute kidney injury, and cancer are suggested to result, at least in part, from the conversion of dietary EPA and DHA to EEQs and EPAs, respectively, and the cited subsequent actions of these metabolites.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: peripheral arterioles

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: a

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: b

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: [[Arteries]]).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: strokes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high to intermediate risk

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increased peripheral arteriole blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EDPs.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: occluding

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Arteriole

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: occlusion of arteries to protect the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: To protect the heart and prevent and strokes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: strokes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: EET

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: relatively little or no increases in EETs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: peripheral arteriole blood flow and reactivity

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: EET

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: effectiveness

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: EETs

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: relatively little or no increases

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral arteriole

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: stimulating

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: peripheral arteriole blood flow and reactivity

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: occlusion of arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: EETs

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: relatively little or no increases

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: occlusion of arteries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: EPAs, EEQs,

text: Cerebral vasculitis or central nervous system vasculitis (sometimes the word angiitis is used instead of "vasculitis") is vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel wall) involving the brain and occasionally the spinal cord. It affects all of the vessels: very small blood vessels (capillaries), medium-size blood vessels (arterioles and venules), or large blood vessels (arteries and veins). If blood flow in a vessel with vasculitis is reduced or stopped, the parts of the body that receive blood from that vessel begins to die. It may produce a wide range of neurological symptoms, such as headache, skin rashes, feeling very tired, joint pains, difficulty moving or coordinating part of the body, changes in sensation, and alterations in perception, thought or behavior, as well as the phenomena of a mass lesion in the brain leading to coma and herniation. Some of its signs and symptoms may resemble multiple sclerosis. 10% have associated bleeding in the brain.

text: Cerebral vasculitis or central nervous system vasculitis (sometimes the word angiitis is used instead of "vasculitis") is

text: vasculitis

text: (inflammation of the

text: blood vessel

text: wall) involving the

text: brain

text: and occasionally the

text: spinal cord

text: . It affects all of the vessels: very small blood vessels (

text: capillaries

text: ), medium-size blood vessels (

text: arteriole

text: s and

text: venule

text: s), or large blood vessels (

text: arteries

text: and

text: veins

text: ). If blood flow in a vessel with vasculitis is reduced or stopped, the parts of the body that receive blood from that vessel begins to die. It may produce a wide range of

text: neurological

text: symptoms, such as

text: headache

text: , skin rashes,

text: feeling very tired

text: joint pains

text: , difficulty moving or coordinating part of the body, changes in sensation, and alterations in perception, thought or behavior, as well as the phenomena of a

text: mass lesion

text: in the brain leading to

text: coma

text: and

text: herniation

text: . Some of its signs and symptoms may resemble

text: multiple sclerosis

text: . 10% have associated

text: bleeding in the brain

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiitis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiitis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: skin rashes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: capillaries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries, medium-size blood vessels, and large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a vessel: very small blood vessels (capillaries), medium-size blood vessels (arterioles and venules), or large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: multiple sclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain and occasionally the spinal cord.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasculitis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cerebral vasculitis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flow in a vessel with vasculitis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cerebral vasculitis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (capillaries),

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: very small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cerebral vasculitis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: (arterioles and venules),

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: (arteries and veins).

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: (arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cerebral vasculitis

text: Claude Bernard proposed in 1865 that the body strives to maintain a steady state in the internal environment (milieu intérieur), introducing the concept of homeostasis.  In 1885, J.R. Tarchanoff showed that voluntary control of heart rate could be fairly direct (cortical-autonomic) and did not depend on "cheating" by altering breathing rate. In 1901, J. H. Bair studied voluntary control of the retrahens aurem muscle that wiggles the ear, discovering that subjects learned this skill by inhibiting interfering muscles and demonstrating that skeletal muscles are self-regulated.  Alexander Graham Bell attempted to teach the deaf to speak through the use of two devices—the phonautograph, created by Édouard-Léon Scott's, and a manometric flame.  The former translated sound vibrations into tracings on smoked glass to show their acoustic waveforms, while the latter allowed sound to be displayed as patterns of light.  After World War II, mathematician Norbert Wiener developed cybernetic theory, that proposed that systems are controlled by monitoring their results. The participants at the landmark 1969 conference at the Surfrider Inn in Santa Monica coined the term biofeedback from Wiener's feedback.  The conference resulted in the founding of the Bio-Feedback Research Society, which permitted normally isolated researchers to contact and collaborate with each other, as well as popularizing the term "biofeedback."  The work of B.F. Skinner led researchers to apply operant conditioning to biofeedback, decide which responses could be voluntarily controlled and which could not. In the first experimental demonstration of biofeedback Shearn used these procedures with heart rate. The effects of the perception of autonomic nervous system activity was initially explored by George Mandler's group in 1958. In 1965, Maia Lisina combined classical and operant conditioning to train subjects to change blood vessel diameter, eliciting and displaying reflexive blood flow changes to teach subjects how to voluntarily control the temperature of their skin. In 1974, H.D. Kimmel trained subjects to sweat using the galvanic skin response.

text: Claude Bernard

text: proposed in 1865 that the body strives to maintain a steady state in the internal environment (

text: milieu intérieur

text: ), introducing the concept of

text: homeostasis

text: .  In 1885, J.R. Tarchanoff showed that voluntary control of heart rate could be fairly direct (cortical-autonomic) and did not depend on "cheating" by altering breathing rate. In 1901, J. H. Bair studied voluntary control of the retrahens aurem muscle that wiggles the

text: ear

text: , discovering that subjects learned this skill by inhibiting interfering muscles and demonstrating that skeletal muscles are self-regulated.

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: attempted to teach the deaf to speak through the use of two devices—the

text: phonautograph

text: , created by

text: Édouard-Léon Scott's

text: , and a

text: manometric flame

text: .  The former translated sound vibrations into tracings on smoked glass to show their acoustic waveforms, while the latter allowed sound to be displayed as patterns of light.  After

text: World War II

text: , mathematician

text: Norbert Wiener

text: developed

text: cybernetic theory

text: , that proposed that systems are controlled by monitoring their results. The participants at the landmark 1969 conference at the Surfrider Inn in Santa Monica coined the term biofeedback from Wiener's

text: feedback

text: .  The conference resulted in the founding of the Bio-Feedback Research Society, which permitted normally isolated researchers to contact and collaborate with each other, as well as popularizing the term "biofeedback."  The work of

text: B.F. Skinner

text: led researchers to apply

text: operant conditioning

text: to biofeedback, decide which responses could be voluntarily controlled and which could not. In the first experimental demonstration of biofeedback Shearn used these procedures with heart rate. The effects of the perception of autonomic nervous system activity was initially explored by

text: George Mandler

text: 's group in 1958. In 1965, Maia Lisina combined classical and operant conditioning to train subjects to change blood vessel diameter, eliciting and displaying reflexive blood flow changes to teach subjects how to voluntarily control the temperature of their skin. In 1974, H.D. Kimmel trained subjects to sweat using the galvanic skin response.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: skin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel diameter

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cortical

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is Maia Lisina's job?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cortical-autonomic

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood vessels are made of what?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: skeletal muscles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a manometric flame

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: capillaries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: eliciting and displaying reflexive blood flow changes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: breathing rate.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel diameter,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ear,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: "cheating" by altering breathing rate.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: operant conditioning

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: gal

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: galvanic

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: voluntary control of heart rate

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: operant conditioning

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: breathing rate.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: biofeedback

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: skeletal muscles are self-regulated.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel diameter,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (cortical-autonomic)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: operant conditioning

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: operant conditioning

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: galvanic

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: operant conditioning to biofeedback,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: biofeedback

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: biofeedback

text: Different types of devices can be used to produce the physiological changes. Of the bodily organs, the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience. The heart imitator HaptiHeart produces special heartbeat patterns according to emotion to be conveyed or elicited (sadness is associated with slightly intense heartbeat, anger with quick and violent heartbeat, fear with intense heart rate). False heart beat feedback can be directly interpreted as a real heart beat, so it can change the emotional perception. HaptiButterfly reproduces “butterflies in your stomach” (the fluttery or tickling feeling felt by people experiencing love) through arrays of vibration motors attached to the user’s abdomen. HaptiShiver sends “shivers up and down your spine” through a row of vibration motors. HaptiTemper sends “chills up and down your spine” through both cold airflow from a fan and the cold side of a Peltier element. HaptiTemper is also intended for simulation of warmth on the human skin to evoke either pleasant feeling or aggression

text: Different types of devices can be used to produce the physiological changes. Of the bodily organs, the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience. The heart imitator HaptiHeart produces special heartbeat patterns according to emotion to be conveyed or elicited (sadness is associated with slightly intense heartbeat, anger with quick and violent heartbeat, fear with intense heart rate). False heart beat feedback can be directly interpreted as a real heart beat, so it can change the emotional perception. HaptiButterfly reproduces “butterflies in your stomach” (the fluttery or tickling feeling felt by people experiencing love) through arrays of vibration motors attached to the user’s abdomen. HaptiShiver sends “shivers up and down your spine” through a row of vibration motors. HaptiTemper sends “chills up and down your spine” through both cold airflow from a fan and the cold side of a Peltier element. HaptiTemper is also intended for simulation of warmth on the human skin to evoke either pleasant feeling or aggression

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heartbeat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not an atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of device: HaptiHeart, HaptiTemper, or HaptiButterfly?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the heart imitator HaptiHeart produce special heartbeat patterns according to emotion to be conveyed or elicited?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the heart imitator HaptiHeart reproduce?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of device: HaptiTemper, HaptiButterfly or HaptiTemper?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: HaptiTemper

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: HaptiTemper

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: false heart beat feedback can be directly interpreted as a real heart beat, so it can change the emotional perception

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: HaptiHeart produces special heartbeat patterns according to emotion to be conveyed or elicited

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: HaptiTemper sends chills up and down your spine through both cold airflow from a fan and the cold side of a Peltier element

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: HaptiTemper

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: intense heart rate).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: fan and the cold side of a Peltier element.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: intense heart rate).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: intense heartbeat,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aggression

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: intense heart rate).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heartbeat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vibration motors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: “butterflies in your stomach”

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart plays a particularly important role in our emotional experience.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: HaptiButterfly

text: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO).

text: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart pump?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the rate of blood flow out of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: rhythmic contraction and relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The heart is the driver of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction and relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiac output (CO).

text: As blood vessels age, they often become abnormal in structure and function, thereby contributing to numerous age-associated diseases including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities. So, an important goal is to stimulate vascular growth for the collateral circulation to prevent the exacerbation of these diseases. Induced Vascular Progenitor Cells (iVPCs) are useful for cell-based therapy designed to stimulate coronary collateral growth. They were generated by partially reprogramming endothelial cells. The vascular commitment of iVPCs is related to the epigenetic memory of endothelial cells, which engenders them as cellular components of growing blood vessels. That is why, when iVPCs were implanted into myocardium, they engrafted in blood vessels and increased coronary collateral flow better than iPSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or native endothelial cells.

text: As blood vessels age, they often become abnormal in structure and function, thereby contributing to numerous age-associated diseases including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities. So, an important goal is to stimulate vascular growth for the

text: collateral circulation

text: to prevent the exacerbation of these diseases. Induced Vascular Progenitor Cells (iVPCs) are useful for cell-based therapy designed to stimulate coronary collateral growth. They were generated by partially reprogramming endothelial cells. The vascular commitment of iVPCs is related to the

text: epigenetic memory

text: of endothelial cells, which engenders them as cellular components of growing blood vessels. That is why, when iVPCs were implanted into

text: myocardium

text: , they engrafted in blood vessels and increased coronary collateral flow better than iPSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or native endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main benefit of iVPCs?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They were generated by partially reprogramming endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many arteries supply the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: collateral circulation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels age,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Induced Vascular Progenitor Cells

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: coronary collateral flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary collateral

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: iVPCs were implanted into myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: As blood vessels age, they often become abnormal in structure and function,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: collateral circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Induced Vascular Progenitor Cells

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: collateral circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: collateral circulation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries supplying the heart, brain and lower extremities.

text: It is theorised that individuals predisposed to, suffering from, or at risk for cardiovascular disease may be at risk for potential negative cardiovascular outcomes if a cool down is not completed following exercise bouts due to a rapid decrease in blood reaching areas of the heart (with narrowed blood vessels due to present cardiovascular disease).This, however, is only a theory, and clinical evidence for this is currently lacking.

text: It is theorised that individuals predisposed to, suffering from, or at risk for cardiovascular disease may be at risk for potential negative cardiovascular outcomes if a cool down is not completed following exercise bouts due to a rapid decrease in blood reaching areas of the heart (with narrowed blood vessels due to present cardiovascular disease).This, however, is only a theory, and clinical evidence for this is currently lacking.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: predisposed to, suffering from, or at risk

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: narrowed

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood reaching areas of the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: predisposed to, suffering from, or at risk for cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: clinical evidence for this is currently lacking.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: clinical evidence for this is currently lacking.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: narrowed blood vessels due to present cardiovascular disease).This,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart (with narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood reaching areas of the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart (with narrowed blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: clinical evidence for this is currently lacking.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: narrowed blood vessels due to present cardiovascular disease).This,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: narrowed blood vessels

text: In thromboembolism, the thrombus (blood clot) from a blood vessel is completely or partially detached from the site of thrombosis (clot). The blood flow will then carry the embolus (via blood vessels) to various parts of the body where it can block the lumen (vessel cavity) and cause vessel obstruction or occlusion. The free-moving thrombus is called an embolus. A thrombus is always attached to the vessel wall and is never freely moving in the blood circulation. This is also the key difference for pathologists to determine the cause of a blood clot, either by thrombosis or by post-mortem blood clot. Vessel obstruction will then lead to different pathological issues such as blood stasis and ischemia. However, not only thromboembolism will cause the obstruction of blood flow in vessels, but also any kind of embolism is capable of causing the same problem.

text: In

text: thromboembolism

text: , the thrombus (blood clot) from a blood vessel is completely or partially detached from the site of thrombosis (clot). The blood flow will then carry the embolus (via blood vessels) to various parts of the body where it can block the lumen (vessel cavity) and cause vessel obstruction or occlusion. The free-moving thrombus is called an embolus. A thrombus is always attached to the vessel wall and is never freely moving in the blood circulation. This is also the key difference for pathologists to determine the cause of a blood clot, either by thrombosis or by post-mortem blood clot. Vessel obstruction will then lead to different pathological issues such as blood

text: stasis

text: and

text: ischemia

text: . However, not only thromboembolism will cause the obstruction of blood flow in vessels, but also any kind of embolism is capable of causing the same problem.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thrombosis: thrombosis or post-mortem?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the free-moving thrombus?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: arteries, veins, or clots?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of embolism: blood stasis and ischemia?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: free-moving

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A thrombus is always attached to the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood clot: thrombosis or post-mortem?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls than arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (vessel cavity)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (vessel cavity)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (vessel cavity)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (vessel cavity)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: thrombus is always attached to the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels)

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (vessel cavity)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: freely moving

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: thromboembolism,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: thromboembolism,

text: The endothelium of blood vessels produces an extensive range of substances that influence blood flow and, in turn, is affected by changes in the blood and the pressure of blood flow. For example, local nitric oxide and endothelin, which are secreted by the endothelium, are the major regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. In patients with essential hypertension, the balance between the vasodilators and the vasoconstrictors is upset, which leads to changes in the endothelium and sets up a “vicious cycle” that contributes to the maintenance of high blood pressure. In patients with hypertension, endothelial activation and damage also lead to changes in vascular tone, vascular reactivity, and coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. Alterations in endothelial function are a reliable indicator of target organ damage and atherosclerotic disease, as well as prognosis.

text: The

text: endothelium

text: of blood vessels produces an extensive range of substances that influence

text: blood flow

text: and, in turn, is affected by changes in the blood and the pressure of blood flow. For example, local

text: nitric oxide

text: and

text: endothelin

text: , which are secreted by the endothelium, are the major regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. In patients with essential hypertension, the balance between the

text: vasodilators

text: and the

text: vasoconstrictors

text: is upset, which leads to changes in the endothelium and sets up a “

text: vicious cycle

text: ” that contributes to the maintenance of high blood pressure. In patients with hypertension,

text: endothelial activation

text: and damage also lead to changes in

text: vascular tone

text: , vascular reactivity, and

text: coagulation

text: and

text: fibrinolytic pathways

text: . Alterations in endothelial function are a reliable indicator of target organ damage and atherosclerotic disease, as well as prognosis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerotic disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the endothelium of blood vessels produce?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a major regulator of vascular tone and blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The endothelium of blood vessels produces an extensive range of substances that influence blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerotic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: endothelium of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The endothelium of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasodilators and the vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atherosclerotic disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Alterations in endothelial function

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The endothelium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The endothelium

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The endothelium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vasodilators and the vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: The endothelium of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The endothelium of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vasodilators and the vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The endothelium of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The endothelium

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The endothelium

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerotic

text: Coronary catheterization is one of the several cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures. Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize occlusion, stenosis, restenosis, thrombosis or aneurysmal enlargement of the coronary artery lumens; heart chamber size; heart muscle contraction performance; and some aspects of heart valve function. Important internal heart and lung blood pressures, not measurable from outside the body, can be accurately measured during the test. The relevant problems that the test deals with most commonly occur as a result of advanced atherosclerosis –  atheroma activity within the wall of the coronary arteries. Less frequently, valvular, heart muscle, or arrhythmia issues are the primary focus of the test.

text: Coronary catheterization is one of the several

entity_name: Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures

text: cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures

text: . Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize

text: occlusion

text: stenosis

text: restenosis

text: thrombosis

text: or

text: aneurysm

text: al enlargement of the

text: coronary artery

text: lumen

text: s;

text: heart chamber

text: size;

text: heart muscle

text: contraction performance; and some aspects of

text: heart valve

text: function. Important internal

text: heart

text: and

text: lung

text: blood pressure

text: s, not measurable from outside the body, can be accurately measured during the test. The relevant problems that the test deals with most commonly occur as a result of advanced

text: atherosclerosis

text: atheroma

text: activity within the wall of the coronary

text: arteries

text: . Less frequently,

text: valvular

text: heart muscle

text: , or

text: arrhythmia

text: issues are the primary focus of the test.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: occlusion

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: advanced atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the coronary artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Aneurysmal enlargement

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart muscle contraction

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: not measurable from outside the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery lumens

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the primary focus of the test

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or lung blood pressures?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: valvular,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: valve

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: valvular,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: advanced atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lung blood pressures,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart muscle contraction performance; and some aspects of heart valve function.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atheroma activity within the wall of the coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: aneurysmal enlargement

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung blood pressures,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall of the coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: valvular,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: measurable from outside the body,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary artery lumens;

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary artery lumens;

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary catheterization

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressures,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atheroma activity within the wall of the coronary arteries.

text: The return of blood to the heart is assisted by the action of the muscle pump, and by the thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration.  Standing or sitting for a prolonged period of time can cause low venous return from venous pooling (vascular) shock. Fainting can occur but usually baroreceptors within the aortic sinuses initiate a baroreflex such angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulate vasoconstriction and heart rate increases to return blood flow. Neurogenic and hypovolaemic shock can also cause fainting.  In these cases, the smooth muscles surrounding the veins become slack and the veins fill with the majority of the blood in the body, keeping blood away from the brain and causing unconsciousness. Jet pilots wear pressurized suits to help maintain their venous return and blood pressure.

text: The return of blood to the heart is assisted by the action of the

text: muscle pump

text: , and by the thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration.  Standing or sitting for a prolonged period of time can cause low venous return from venous pooling (vascular) shock.

text: Fainting

text: can occur but usually baroreceptors within the aortic sinuses initiate a

text: baroreflex

text: such angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulate vasoconstriction and heart rate increases to return blood flow.

text: Neurogenic

text: and

text: hypovolaemic shock

text: can also cause fainting.  In these cases, the smooth muscles surrounding the veins become slack and the veins fill with the majority of the blood in the body, keeping blood away from the brain and causing unconsciousness. Jet pilots wear pressurized suits to help maintain their venous return and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic sinus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypovolaemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sitting for a prolonged period of time

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do jet pilots wear pressurized suits to help maintain their venous return and blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the smooth muscles surrounding the veins fill with?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can cause low venous return from vascular shock?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: thoracic pump

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscles surrounding the veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (vascular)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Neurogenic and hypovolaemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Standing or sitting for a prolonged period of time

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: baroreceptors within the aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle pump,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Jet pilots wear pressurized suits

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: breathing

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: muscle pump,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Jet pilots wear pressurized suits

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: muscle pump, and by the thoracic pump

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: baroreceptors within the aortic sinuses

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous pooling (vascular) shock.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: venous pooling (vascular) shock.

text: This work is a substantial contribution to cardiac physiology, for it introduces into biology the doctrine of circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century. Opposed and obliging work heralding Harvey's discovery go back to the thirteenth century, when the pulmonary circulation and gas exchange was proposed by Ibn Al-Nafis. Both long since proven theories are incomplete when studied separately but together form core knowledge of present-day cardiology. In 1553, Michael Servetus said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and that it there mixes with air to form the arterial blood which flows back to the heart. Between 1570 and 1590, Cesalpino suggested, in a controversy with Galenists, that the movement of blood was more like a circulation than an oscillation; but this view lacks clarity. In 1603, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Acquapendente published a work clearly describing the valves in the veins and showing that they hinder the flow of blood away from the heart. From 1597 to 1602, Harvey studied arts and medicine at Padua, and made a careful study of the heart and the movement of blood. By 1616, he was presenting in lectures his case for the circulation of the blood, but it was not until 1628 that he published it in his classic work, De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis. This book is important both for the discovery of the complete circulation and for the experimental, quantitive and mechanistic methodology which Harvey introduced. He looked upon the heart, not as a mystical seat of the spirit and faculties, but as a pump analyzable along mechanical lines. He also measured the amount of blood which it sent out to the body. He observed that with each beat two ounces of blood leave the heart; so that with 72 heart beats per minute, the heart throws into the system 540 pounds of blood every hour. Where could all this blood come from? The answer seems to be that it is the same blood that is always returning. Moreover, the one-way valves in the heart, like those in the veins, indicate that, following the pulmonary circulation, the blood goes out to all parts of the body through the arteries and returns by way of the veins. The blood thus makes a complete closed circuit. As Harvey expressed it, "There must be a motion, as it were, in a circle." There was, however, one stage in the circulation which Harvey was not able to see - that in which the veins and arteries lose themselves by subdivision into the tiny capillary vessels. It was in 1660, three years after Harvey's death, that Marcello Malpighi saw the blood moving in the capillaries of a frog's lung, and thus supplied the missing link in Harvey's proof of the circulation of the blood.

text: This work is a substantial contribution to cardiac physiology, for it introduces into biology the doctrine of circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century. Opposed and obliging work heralding Harvey's discovery go back to the thirteenth century, when the pulmonary circulation and gas exchange was proposed by Ibn

text: Al-Nafis

text: . Both long since proven theories are incomplete when studied separately but together form core knowledge of present-day

text: cardiology

text: . In 1553,

text: Michael Servetus

text: said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and that it there mixes with air to form the arterial blood which flows back to the heart. Between 1570 and 1590,

text: Cesalpino

text: suggested, in a controversy with

text: Galenists

text: , that the movement of blood was more like a circulation than an oscillation; but this view lacks clarity. In 1603,

text: Hieronymus Fabricius

text: ab

text: Acquapendente

text: published a work clearly describing the

text: valves

text: in the

text: veins

text: and showing that they hinder the flow of blood away from the

text: heart

text: . From 1597 to 1602, Harvey studied arts and medicine at

text: Padua

text: , and made a careful study of the heart and the movement of blood. By 1616, he was presenting in lectures his case for the

text: circulation of the blood

text: , but it was not until 1628 that he published it in his classic work, De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis. This book is important both for the discovery of the complete circulation and for the experimental, quantitive and mechanistic methodology which Harvey introduced. He looked upon the heart, not as a mystical seat of the spirit and faculties, but as a

text: pump

text: analyzable along mechanical lines. He also measured the amount of blood which it sent out to the body. He observed that with each beat two ounces of blood leave the heart; so that with 72 heart beats per minute, the heart throws into the system 540 pounds of blood every hour. Where could all this blood come from? The answer seems to be that it is the same blood that is always returning. Moreover, the one-way valves in the heart, like those in the veins, indicate that, following the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: , the blood goes out to all parts of the body through the

text: arteries

text: and returns by way of the veins. The blood thus makes a complete

text: closed circuit

text: . As Harvey expressed it, "There must be a motion, as it were, in a circle." There was, however, one stage in the circulation which Harvey was not able to see - that in which the veins and arteries lose themselves by subdivision into the tiny capillary vessels. It was in 1660, three years after Harvey's death, that

text: Marcello Malpighi

text: saw the blood moving in the

text: capillaries

text: of a

text: frog

text: 's lung, and thus supplied the missing link in Harvey's proof of the circulation of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac physiology

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the same blood that is always returning

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The answer seems to be that the same blood that is always returning

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: With 72 heart beats per minute, the heart throws into the system 540 pounds of blood every hour

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows from the heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In 1553, Michael Servetus said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation:

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the one-way valves in the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: 72 heart beats per minute,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: one-way valves

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: one-way valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: it is the same blood that is always returning.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Harvey

text: It has been found that older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease. Hypertension and high cholesterol have also been found to increase the likelihood of acquiring a cardiovascular disease, which are also commonly found in older adults. Cardiovascular diseases include a variety of heart conditions that may induce a heart attack or other heart-related problems. Healthy eating, exercise, and avoiding smoking are usually used to prevent cardiovascular disease.

text: It has been found that older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

text: Hypertension

text: and

text: high cholesterol

text: have also been found to increase the likelihood of acquiring a cardiovascular disease, which are also commonly found in older adults. Cardiovascular diseases include a variety of heart conditions that may induce a heart attack or other heart-related problems. Healthy eating, exercise, and avoiding smoking are usually used to prevent cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: older age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not found in older adults: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart condition: Hypertension, high cholesterol, or Arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular diseases include a variety of heart conditions

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease: hypertension or high cholesterol?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: older age

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular disease. Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: smoking

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart conditions

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Hypertension and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: older age does increase the risk factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high cholesterol

text: Conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially "small dense LDL" (sdLDL) particles, are associated with atheroma formation in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, HDL particles (especially large HDL) have been identified as a mechanism by which cholesterol and inflammatory mediators can be removed from atheroma. Increased concentrations of HDL correlate with lower rates of atheroma progressions and even regression. A 2007 study pooling data on almost 900,000 subjects in 61 cohorts demonstrated that blood total cholesterol levels have an exponential effect on cardiovascular and total mortality, with the association more pronounced in younger subjects. Still, because cardiovascular disease is relatively rare in the younger population, the impact of high cholesterol on health is still larger in older people.

text: Conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially "small dense LDL" (sdLDL) particles, are associated with

text: atheroma

text: formation in the walls of

text: arteries

text: , a condition known as

text: atherosclerosis

text: , which is the principal cause of

text: coronary heart disease

text: and other forms of

text: cardiovascular disease

text: . In contrast, HDL particles (especially large HDL) have been identified as a mechanism by which cholesterol and inflammatory mediators can be removed from atheroma. Increased concentrations of HDL correlate with lower rates of atheroma progressions and even regression. A 2007 study pooling data on almost 900,000 subjects in 61 cohorts demonstrated that blood total cholesterol levels have an exponential effect on cardiovascular and total mortality, with the association more pronounced in younger subjects. Still, because cardiovascular disease is relatively rare in the younger population, the impact of high cholesterol on health is still larger in older people.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood total cholesterol levels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the primary cause of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary cause of coronary heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: LDL particles

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is the primary cause of coronary heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the principal cause of coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: oxidized LDL particles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: HDL

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxidized LDL particles,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls of arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: HDL

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: HDL

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary heart disease

text: When the animal is wounded with a bite from a machairodont (ignoring the placement of the blood vessels, which are negligible in this hypothesis), the canines would have been inserted behind the windpipe and the premolars would have been encompassing the windpipe. This variation states that the machairodont compressed the windpipe after dealing the bite, serving to both suffocate and wound the prey animal. Puncturing large blood vessels in the throat and causing massive bleeding would hasten the death of the animal.

text: When the animal is wounded with a bite from a machairodont (ignoring the placement of the blood vessels, which are negligible in this hypothesis), the canines would have been inserted behind the windpipe and the premolars would have been encompassing the

text: windpipe

text: . This variation states that the machairodont compressed the windpipe after dealing the bite, serving to both suffocate and wound the prey animal. Puncturing large blood vessels in the throat and causing massive bleeding would hasten the death of the animal.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: machairodont

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the machairodont bite?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: non-negligible

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Puncturing large blood vessels in the throat and causing massive bleeding

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large blood vessels in the throat

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Puncturing large blood vessels in the throat and causing massive bleeding

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the canines would have been inserted behind the windpipe

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: encompassing the windpipe.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Puncturing large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Puncturing large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: windpipe

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: premolars would have been encompassing the windpipe.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: negligible

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: windpipe.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the canines would have been inserted behind the windpipe

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Puncturing large blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: compressed the windpipe

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: machairodont (ignoring the placement of the blood vessels,

text: All the blood returning from the body tissues to the right side of the heart flows through the pulmonary capillaries before being pumped around the body again. On its passage through the lungs the blood comes into close contact with the alveolar air, separated from it by a very thin diffusion membrane which is only about 0.5 μm thick. The gas pressures in the blood will therefore rapidly equilibrate with those in the alveoli, ensuring that the arterial blood that circulates to all the tissues throughout the body has an oxygen tension of 105 mmHg (14 kPa), and a carbon dioxide tension of 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). These arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are homeostatically controlled. A rise in the arterial

text: All the blood returning from the body tissues to the right side of the

text: heart

text: flows through the

text: pulmonary capillaries

text: before being pumped around the body again. On its passage through the lungs the blood comes into close contact with the alveolar air, separated from it by a very thin diffusion membrane which is only about 0.5 μm thick. The gas pressures in the blood will therefore rapidly equilibrate with those in the alveoli, ensuring that the arterial blood that circulates to all the tissues throughout the body has an oxygen tension of 105 mmHg (14 kPa), and a carbon dioxide tension of 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). These arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are

entity_section: The blood partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostats

text: homeostatically controlled

text: . A rise in the arterial

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: rise in the arterial ;

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What happens first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the arterial blood that circulates to all the tissues throughout the body have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood returning from the body tissues to the right side of the heart flows through the pulmonary capillaries before being pumped around the body again

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The gas pressures in the blood will

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: A rise in the arterial

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right side of the heart flows through the pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: A rise

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: rise in the arterial

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: homeostatically

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: A rise

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: rise

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 105 mmHg (14 kPa),

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: rise

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: A rise

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: rise

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: oxygen tension of 105 mmHg

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: rise

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: A rise

text: The extent to which prehypertension constitutes a serious health concern remains controversial. Several long-term studies have suggested no significant increase in all-cause mortality over long periods of time for individuals falling within the prehypertensive range. Many studies further indicate a J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and mortality, whereby both very high and very low levels are associated with notable increases in mortality. On the other hand, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute suggests that people with prehypertension are at a higher risk for developing hypertension, or high blood pressure, compared to people with normal blood pressure.<ref>National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

text: The extent to which prehypertension constitutes a serious health concern remains controversial. Several long-term studies have suggested no significant increase in all-cause mortality over long periods of time for individuals falling within the prehypertensive range. Many studies further indicate a J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and mortality, whereby both very high and very low levels are associated with notable increases in mortality. On the other hand, the

text: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: suggests that people with prehypertension are at a higher risk for developing hypertension, or high blood pressure, compared to people with normal blood pressure.<ref>

text: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: prehypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute suggest about people with prehypertension?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure, compared to people with normal blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: prehypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: National Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: no significant increase in all-cause mortality

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: These pulsating characteristics have been shown to be a result of two pumps. As the primary pump, the heart causes the blood flow and velocity to oscillate from zero to very high rates as the valves at the entrances and exits to the ventricles intermittently close and open with each beat of the heart. The second pump is a result of the respiratory and skeletal systems, which exert their greatest action on venous flow. Specifically pulsation that result from the release of blood from the left ventricle show that they exhibit non-linear, transient pulsations in pressure and flow. These create complex pulse patterns which are further propagated through the rest of the network. This results in variations in the applied shear stress to the layer of endothelial cells covering the vessel wall. Depending upon the amount of stress, the endothelial cells will react releasing chemicals that either induce dilation or constriction of the smooth muscle surrounding the vessel.

text: These pulsating characteristics have been shown to be a result of two

text: pumps

text: . As the primary pump, the

text: heart

text: causes the

text: blood

text: flow and velocity to

text: oscillate

text: from zero to very high rates as the

text: valves

text: at the entrances and exits to the

text: ventricles

text: intermittently close and open with each beat of the heart. The second pump is a result of the

text: respiratory

text: and

text: skeletal systems

text: , which exert their greatest action on venous flow. Specifically pulsation that result from the release of blood from the left ventricle show that they exhibit

text: non-linear

text: transient

text: pulsations in

text: pressure

text: and flow. These create complex pulse patterns which are further propagated through the rest of the network. This results in variations in the applied shear stress to the layer of

text: endothelial cells

text: covering the vessel wall. Depending upon the amount of

text: stress

text: , the endothelial cells will react releasing chemicals that either induce

text: dilation

text: or

text: constriction

text: of the smooth muscle surrounding the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the respiratory and skeletal systems?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the respiratory and skeletal systems?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the respiratory and skeletal systems?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the respiratory and skeletal systems?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the primary pump?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the respiratory and skeletal systems exert their greatest action on venous flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a pump: respiratory and skeletal systems?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Depending upon the amount of stress, the endothelial cells will react

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: dilation or constriction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: respiratory and skeletal systems,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricles intermittently close and open

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: chemicals that either induce dilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: respiratory and skeletal systems,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: zero to very high rates

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two pumps.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves at the entrances and exits to the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation or constriction of the smooth muscle surrounding the vessel.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: endothelial cells covering the vessel wall.

text: The Institute utilizes the latest diagnostic procedures to provide accurate analysis in order to determine treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease. These procedures range from non-invasive tests, such as the electrocardiogram (EKG), the electrophysiology (EP) test, stress tests, nuclear cardiolite studies, echo-cardiograms and Doppler flow studies, to more complex and sophisticated tests, such as coronary angiograms. Many of these tests can be performed on an outpatient basis. They serve as a helpful tool for evaluating heart and blood vessel abnormalities or as a tool to produce images of the heart muscle and valves. Additionally, the cardiologists at St. Francis have performed more than 15,000 cardiac catheterizations in the most sophisticated and comprehensive cardiac diagnostic laboratory in the greater Columbus area.

text: The Institute utilizes the latest diagnostic procedures to provide accurate analysis in order to determine treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease. These procedures range from non-invasive tests, such as the electrocardiogram (EKG), the electrophysiology (EP) test, stress tests, nuclear cardiolite studies, echo-cardiograms and Doppler flow studies, to more complex and sophisticated tests, such as coronary angiograms. Many of these tests can be performed on an outpatient basis. They serve as a helpful tool for evaluating heart and blood vessel abnormalities or as a tool to produce images of the heart muscle and valves. Additionally, the cardiologists at St. Francis have performed more than 15,000 cardiac catheterizations in the most sophisticated and comprehensive cardiac diagnostic laboratory in the greater Columbus area.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac catheterizations

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: non-invasive tests

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiolite

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of test: stress tests, nuclear cardiolite studies, echo-cardiograms and Doppler flow studies?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a non-invasive test: stress tests, nuclear cardiolite studies, echo-cardiograms and Doppler flow studies?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Doppler flow studies

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Doppler flow

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrophysiology

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiolite

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiolite

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cardiac catheterizations can be performed on an outpatient basis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Doppler flow studies

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, coronary angiograms, or the Institute?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress tests,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiolite

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle and valves.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Doppler flow studies,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle and valves.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle and valves.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 15,000 cardiac catheterizations

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Doppler flow studies,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart muscle and valves.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: coronary angiograms.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary angiograms.

text: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues. As a tumor grows, tumor cells furthest away from the blood vessels become low in oxygen (hypoxic). To counteract this they then signal for new blood vessels to grow. The newly formed tumor vasculature is poorly formed and does not deliver an adequate blood supply to all areas of the tumor. This leads to issues with drug delivery because many drugs will be delivered to the tumor by the circulatory system.

text: Blood vessel

text: s in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues. As a tumor grows, tumor cells furthest away from the blood vessels become low in oxygen (

text: hypoxic

text: ). To counteract this they then signal for new blood vessels to grow. The newly formed tumor vasculature is poorly formed and does not deliver an adequate blood supply to all areas of the tumor. This leads to issues with drug delivery because many drugs will be delivered to the tumor by the

text: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tumor

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tumor

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hyperoxic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tumors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not true of tumor cells furthest away from the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: normal tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are the only blood vessels in the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the circulatory system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tumors

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (hypoxic).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (hypoxic).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tumor.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (hypoxic).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tumors

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (hypoxic).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood vessels in tumors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (hypoxic).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: tumor cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tumor cells furthest away from the blood vessels become low in oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The newly formed tumor vasculature

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood vessels in tumors are very different from those seen in normal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: new blood vessels to grow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood vessels in tumors

text: Reviews support a short-term effect of lowering blood pressure by consuming cocoa products, but there is no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit. While daily consumption of cocoa flavanols (minimum dose of 200 mg) appears to benefit platelet and vascular function, there is no good evidence to support an effect on heart attacks or strokes.

text: Reviews support a short-term effect of lowering blood pressure by consuming cocoa products, but there is no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit. While daily consumption of cocoa flavanols (minimum dose of 200 mg) appears to benefit

text: platelet

text: and vascular function, there is no good evidence to support an effect on

text: heart attack

text: s or

text: stroke

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there is no evidence to support an effect on heart attacks or strokes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lowering blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: strokes.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cocoa

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart attacks or strokes.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Reviews support a short-term effect of lowering blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: there is no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart attacks or strokes.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lowering blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cocoa

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular health benefit.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: there is no evidence of long-term cardiovascular health benefit.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular function,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lowering blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart attacks or strokes.

text: Other conditions previously linked to copper deficiency include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, and chronic conditions involving bone, connective tissue, heart, and blood vessels.

text: Other conditions previously linked to copper deficiency include

text: osteoporosis

text: osteoarthritis

text: rheumatoid arthritis

text: , cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, and chronic conditions involving bone, connective tissue, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: copper deficiency

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a condition previously linked to copper deficiency?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: copper deficiency

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: copper deficiency

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: copper deficiency

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: chronic conditions

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bone, connective tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: chronic conditions involving bone, connective tissue, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: copper deficiency

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: rheumatoid arthritis,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: chronic conditions

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: copper deficiency

text: The problem with ⅔ as an exponent was that it did not agree with a lot of the data.  There were many exceptions, and the concept of metabolic rate itself was poorly defined and difficult to measure.  It seemed to concern more than rate of heat generation and loss.  Since what was being considered was not necessarily Euclidean geometry, the appropriateness of ⅔ as an exponent was questioned.  Kleiber himself came to favor ¾, and that is the number favored today by the foremost proponents of the law, despite that ¾ also does not agree with much of the data, and is also troubled with exceptions.  Theoretical models presented by Geoffrey West, Brian Enquist, and James Brown, - known as the WBE model - purport to show how the ¾ observation can emerge from the constraint of how resources are distributed through hierarchical branching networks. Their understanding of an organism's metabolic/respiratory chain is based entirely on blood-flow considerations.  Their claims have been repeatedly criticized as mistaken , given that the role of fractal capillary branching is not demonstrated as fundamental to the exponent ¾; and that blood-flow claims severely limit the relevance of the equation to organisms greater than e (≈ .0025) grams when the simultaneous claim is made that the equation is relevant over 27 orders of magnitude, extending from bacteria, which do not have hearts, to whales or forests.

text: The problem with ⅔ as an exponent was that it did not agree with a lot of the data.  There were many exceptions, and the concept of metabolic rate itself was poorly defined and difficult to measure.  It seemed to concern more than rate of heat generation and loss.  Since what was being considered was not necessarily

text: Euclidean geometry

text: , the appropriateness of ⅔ as an exponent was questioned.  Kleiber himself came to favor ¾, and that is the number favored today by the foremost proponents of the law, despite that ¾ also does not agree with much of the data, and is also troubled with exceptions.  Theoretical models presented by

text: Geoffrey West

text: Brian Enquist

text: , and James Brown, - known as the WBE model - purport to show how the ¾ observation can emerge from the constraint of how resources are distributed through hierarchical branching

text: networks

text: . Their understanding of an organism's metabolic/respiratory chain is based entirely on blood-flow considerations.  Their claims have been repeatedly criticized as mistaken , given that the role of fractal capillary branching is not demonstrated as fundamental to the exponent ¾; and that blood-flow claims severely limit the relevance of the equation to organisms greater than e (≈ .0025) grams when the simultaneous claim is made that the equation is relevant over 27 orders of magnitude, extending from bacteria, which do not have hearts, to whales or forests.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Respiratory

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the role of fractal capillary branching?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood-flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 3 4

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fractal capillary branching is not demonstrated as fundamental to the exponent 3 4

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: fractal capillary branching

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: fractal capillary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hearts,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: metabolic/respiratory

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: 2<unk>3

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: metabolic/respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: fractal capillary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: hearts,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: fractal capillary

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hearts,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: fractal capillary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hearts,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fractal capillary branching

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 3<unk>4,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 3<unk>4,

text: Since the stenosed aortic valve may limit the heart's output, people with aortic stenosis are at risk of syncope and dangerously low blood pressure should they use any of a number of medications for cardiovascular diseases that often coexist with aortic stenosis. Examples include nitroglycerin, nitrates, ACE inhibitors, terazosin (Hytrin), and hydralazine. Note that all of these substances lead to peripheral vasodilation. Under normal circumstances, in the absence of aortic stenosis, the heart is able to increase its output and thereby offset the effect of the dilated blood vessels. In some cases of aortic stenosis, however, due to the obstruction of blood flow out of the heart caused by the stenosed aortic valve, cardiac output cannot be increased. Low blood pressure or syncope may ensue.

text: Since the stenosed aortic valve may limit the heart's output, people with aortic stenosis are at risk of

text: syncope

text: and dangerously low blood pressure should they use any of a number of medications for cardiovascular diseases that often coexist with aortic stenosis. Examples include

text: nitroglycerin

text: nitrates

text: ACE inhibitor

text: s,

text: terazosin

text: (Hytrin), and

text: hydralazine

text: . Note that all of these substances lead to peripheral

text: vasodilation

text: . Under normal circumstances, in the absence of aortic stenosis, the heart is able to increase its output and thereby offset the effect of the dilated blood vessels. In some cases of aortic stenosis, however, due to the obstruction of blood flow out of the heart caused by the stenosed aortic valve,

text: cardiac output

text: cannot be increased. Low blood pressure or

text: syncope

text: may ensue.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: aortic stenosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ACE inhibitors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not an ACE inhibitor: terazosin (Hytrin), and hydralazine?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aortic valve carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE inhibitors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: peripheral vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the absence of aortic stenosis, the heart is able to increase its output

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or peripheral vasodilation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic valve

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: syncope

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: medications

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiac output cannot be increased.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the heart is able to increase its output

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE inhibitors,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: peripheral vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow out of the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow out of the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aortic valve may limit the heart's output,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic valve may limit the heart's output,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: dilated blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilated

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: dilated blood vessels.

text: In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in the right and/or left ventricle at end load or filling in (diastole) or the amount of blood in the ventricles just before systole. Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload, which refers to the length of the sarcomeres in cardiac muscle prior to contraction (systole). An increase in EDV increases the preload on the heart and, through the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart, increases the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle during systole (stroke volume).

text: In

text: cardiovascular physiology

text: , end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in the right and/or left ventricle at end load or filling in (

text: diastole

text: ) or the amount of blood in the ventricles just before systole. Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with

text: preload

text: , which refers to the length of the

text: sarcomere

text: s in

text: cardiac muscle

text: prior to contraction (

text: systole

text: ). An increase in EDV increases the preload on the heart and, through the

text: Frank-Starling mechanism

text: of the heart, increases the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle during systole (

text: stroke volume

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right and/or left

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sarcomeres

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the Frank-Starling mechanism work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EDV

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have sarcomeres

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (stroke volume).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Frank-Starling

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (stroke volume).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sarcomeres

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Frank-Starling mechanism

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sarcomeres in cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sarcomeres

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right and/or left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: end-diastolic volume

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: end-diastolic volume

text: The circulatory system of the lungs is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.

text: The

text: circulatory system of the lungs

text: is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which

text: oxygen

text: -depleted

text: blood

text: is pumped away from the heart, via the

text: pulmonary artery

text: , to the

text: lungs

text: and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the

text: pulmonary vein

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary vein

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: the circulatory system of the lungs or the pulmonary artery?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system of the lungs work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary vein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The circulatory system of the lungs is the portion of the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The pulmonary vein

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary vein.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary vein.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary vein.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-depleted blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary vein.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The circulatory system of the lungs

text: The inside cover text describes Paul as the "Nut Beatle" or "Beatle Nut", John as "nearsighted" and the "Chief Beatle", George as the "quietest" and the "one with the deadpan face" and Ringo as the "shortest Beatle" who "will send his steak back if it is not blood red". The back sleeve shows outlines of hearts below each Beatle-photo and holds instructions of how to fill the hearts with personal photos.

text: The inside cover text describes Paul as the "Nut Beatle" or "Beatle Nut", John as "nearsighted" and the "Chief Beatle", George as the "quietest" and the "one with the deadpan face" and Ringo as the "shortest Beatle" who "will send his steak back if it is not blood red". The back sleeve shows outlines of hearts below each Beatle-photo and holds instructions of how to fill the hearts with personal photos.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nearsighted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which beats first, the ventricles or the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the Beatle Nut mean?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Ringo have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Ringo as the "shortest Beatle" mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood red

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Ringo as the "shortest Beatle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which Beatle is the shortest?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "nearsighted"

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Ringo as the "shortest Beatle" who "will send his steak

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Paul as the "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: "Chief Beatle",

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: "Chief Beatle",

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: "nearsighted"

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: John as "nearsighted"

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The inside cover text describes Paul as the "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Ringo

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: "Nut Beatle"

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: instructions of how to fill the hearts with personal photos.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: "nearsighted"

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: "nearsighted"

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: outlines of hearts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: John

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: "Nut Beatle" or "Beatle Nut",

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood red".

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: "Nut Beatle"

text: The earthworm has a dual circulatory system in which both the coelomic fluid and a closed circulatory system carry the food, waste, and respiratory gases. The closed circulatory system has five main blood vessels: the dorsal (top) vessel, which runs above the digestive tract; the ventral (bottom) vessel, which runs below the digestive tract; the subneural vessel, which runs below the ventral nerve cord; and two lateroneural vessels on either side of the nerve cord. The dorsal vessel moves the blood forward, while the other four longitudinal vessels carry the blood rearward. In segments seven through eleven, a pair of aortic arches rings the coelom and acts as hearts, pumping the blood to the ventral vessel that acts as the aorta. The blood consists of ameboid cells and hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma. The second circulatory system derives from the cells of the digestive system that line the coelom. As the digestive cells become full, they release non-living cells of fat into the fluid-filled coelom, where they float freely but can pass through the walls separating each segment, moving food to other parts and assist in wound healing.

text: The earthworm has a dual circulatory system in which both the coelomic fluid and a closed circulatory system carry the food, waste, and respiratory gases. The closed circulatory system has five main blood vessels: the dorsal (top) vessel, which runs above the digestive tract; the ventral (bottom) vessel, which runs below the digestive tract; the subneural vessel, which runs below the ventral nerve cord; and two lateroneural vessels on either side of the nerve cord. The dorsal vessel moves the blood forward, while the other four longitudinal vessels carry the blood rearward. In segments seven through eleven, a pair of aortic arches rings the coelom and acts as hearts, pumping the blood to the ventral vessel that acts as the aorta. The blood consists of ameboid cells and hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma. The second circulatory system derives from the cells of the digestive system that line the coelom. As the digestive cells become full, they release non-living cells of fat into the fluid-filled coelom, where they float freely but can pass through the walls separating each segment, moving food to other parts and assist in wound healing.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerve cord

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the dorsal vessel, the ventral vessel, or the subneural vessel?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the aortic arches?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood consist of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How many main blood vessels does the earthworm have?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: subneural vessel

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: ameboid cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The blood consists of ameboid cells and hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The dorsal vessel moves the blood forward, while the other four longitudinal vessels carry the blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the dorsal vessel, the ventral vessel, or the subneural vessel?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the second circulatory system derive from?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fat

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: longitudinal vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventral vessel that acts as the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral vessel that acts as the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral vessel that acts as the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerve cord;

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The dorsal vessel moves the blood forward,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral vessel that acts as the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiratory gases.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: ameboid cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a pair of aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: aortic arches

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The dorsal vessel moves the blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fat

text: The National Heart Foundation of Australia (known as the Heart Foundation) is a charity established in 1959. Its stated vision is for Australians to have the best cardiovascular health in the world and its mission is to reduce suffering and death from heart, stroke and blood vessel disease in Australia. Its activities have been funding cardiovascular research, supporting health professionals in their practice, developing health promotion activities, informing and educating the public, and assisting people with cardiovascular disease.

text: The National Heart Foundation of Australia (known as the Heart Foundation) is a

text: charity

text: established in 1959. Its stated vision is for

text: Australia

text: ns to have the best

text: cardiovascular

text: health in the world and its mission is to reduce suffering and death from heart,

text: stroke

text: and blood vessel disease in Australia. Its activities have been funding cardiovascular research, supporting health professionals in their practice, developing health promotion activities, informing and educating the public, and assisting people with cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Australians

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: heart, stroke or blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessel dilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The National Heart Foundation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart, stroke

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 1959.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The National Heart Foundation of Australia

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart, stroke and blood vessel disease

text: Angiomyolipomas are tumours consisting of perivascular epithelioid cells (cells which are found surrounding blood vessels and which resemble epithelial cells). A tumour of this kind is known as a PEComa, from the initials of perivascular epithelioid cell. Older literature may classify them as hamartomas (benign tumours consisting of cells in their correct location but forming a disorganised mass) or choristoma (benign tumours consisting of normal cells in the wrong location). PEComas are themselves a kind of mesenchymal tumour which involves cells that form the connective tissue, cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

text: Angiomyolipomas are tumours consisting of

text: perivascular

text: epithelioid

text: cells (cells which are found surrounding blood vessels and which resemble

text: epithelial cells

text: ). A tumour of this kind is known as a

text: PEComa

text: , from the initials of perivascular epithelioid cell. Older literature may classify them as

text: hamartomas

text: (benign tumours consisting of cells in their correct location but forming a disorganised mass) or

text: choristoma

text: (benign tumours consisting of normal cells in the wrong location). PEComas are themselves a kind of

text: mesenchymal tumour

text: which involves cells that form the

text: connective tissue

text: cardiovascular

text: and

text: lymphatic

text: systems.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: perivascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: choristoma

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: PEComas

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of mesenchymal tumour?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of mesenchymal tumour?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of cells are found surrounding blood vessels and which resemble epithelial cells?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is angiomyolipomas?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: PEComas

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: perivascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: PEComa

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: PEComas are themselves a kind of mesenchymal tumour

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: perivascular epithelioid cells

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular and lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular and lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: perivascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: choristoma

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: perivascular epithelioid cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: perivascular epithelioid cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: perivascular epithelioid cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: perivascular epithelioid cells

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Angiomyolipomas

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Angiomyolipomas

text: Occupational cardiovascular disease is disease of the heart or blood vessels that are caused by working conditions, making them a form of occupational illness. Little is known about occupational risks for heart disease, but links have been established between cardiovascular disease and certain toxins (including carbon disulfide, nitroglycerin, and carbon monoxide), extreme heat and cold, exposure to tobacco smoke, depression, and occupational stress. Other occupational hazards potentially related to cardiovascular disease include noise exposure at work, shift work, and physical activity at work.

text: Occupational cardiovascular disease is disease of the

text: heart

text: or

text: blood vessels

text: that are caused by working conditions, making them a form of

text: occupational illness

text: . Little is known about occupational risks for heart disease, but links have been established between cardiovascular disease and certain toxins (including

text: carbon disulfide

text: nitroglycerin

text: , and

text: carbon monoxide

text: ), extreme heat and cold, exposure to

text: tobacco

text: smoke,

text: depression

text: , and

text: occupational stress

text: . Other

text: occupational hazards

text: potentially related to cardiovascular disease include

text: noise exposure at work

text: shift work

text: , and physical activity at work.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: noise exposure at work, shift work, and physical activity at work

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of occupational illness: Occupational cardiovascular disease or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is Occupational Cardiovascular Disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease is disease of the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a form of occupational illness?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: extreme heat and cold, exposure to tobacco smoke, depression, and occupational stress.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Occupational cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: working conditions,

text: Eventually, due to increased resistance and decreased compliance of the pulmonary vessels, elevated pulmonary pressures cause the myocardium of the right heart to hypertrophy (RVH). The onset of Eisenmenger's syndrome begins when right ventricular hypertrophy causes right heart pressures to exceed that of the left heart, leading to reversal of blood flow through the shunt (i.e., blood moves from the right side of the heart to the left side). As a consequence, deoxygenated blood returning from the body bypasses the lungs through the reversed shunt and proceeds directly to systemic circulation, leading to cyanosis and resultant organ damage.

text: Eventually, due to increased resistance and decreased compliance of the pulmonary vessels, elevated pulmonary pressures cause the myocardium of the right heart to

text: hypertrophy

text: (RVH). The onset of Eisenmenger's syndrome begins when right ventricular hypertrophy causes right heart pressures to exceed that of the left heart, leading to reversal of blood flow through the shunt (i.e., blood moves from the right side of the heart to the left side). As a consequence, deoxygenated blood returning from the body bypasses the lungs through the reversed shunt and proceeds directly to systemic circulation, leading to

text: cyanosis

text: and resultant organ damage.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increased resistance and decreased compliance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right, left, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does Eisenmenger's syndrome begin when right ventricular hypertrophy causes right heart pressures to exceed that of the left heart

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does Eisenmenger's syndrome cause?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Eisenmenger's syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart to the left side).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Eisenmenger's syndrome

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increased resistance and decreased compliance of the pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: shunt

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Eisenmenger's syndrome begins when right ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right side of the heart to the left side).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: shunt

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary pressures

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood moves from the right side of the heart to the left side).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: shunt

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lungs through the reversed shunt and proceeds directly to systemic circulation,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: increased resistance and decreased compliance of the pulmonary vessels,

text: In order to understand how blood is delivered to cranial tissues, it is important to understand the vascular anatomy of the space itself. Large cerebral arteries in the brain split into smaller arterioles, also known as pial arteries. These consist of endothelial cells and smooth muscle, and as these pial arteries further branch and run deeper into the brain, they associate with glial cells, namely astrocytes and pericytes. The intracerebral arterioles and capillaries are unlike systemic arterioles and capillaries in that they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them; they are connected by tight junctions in order to form the blood brain barrier (BBB). Endothelial cells, smooth muscle, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes work together in the brain order to maintain the BBB while still delivering nutrients to tissues and adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space to maintain homeostasis. As they work as a functional unit, alterations in their interactions at the cellular level can impair HR in the brain and lead to deviations in normal nervous function.

text: In order to understand how blood is delivered to cranial tissues, it is important to understand the vascular anatomy of the space itself. Large cerebral arteries in the brain split into smaller

text: arterioles

text: , also known as pial arteries. These consist of

text: endothelial cells

text: and

text: smooth muscle

text: , and as these pial arteries further branch and run deeper into the brain, they associate with glial cells, namely astrocytes and

text: pericytes

text: . The intracerebral arterioles and

text: capillaries

text: are unlike systemic arterioles and capillaries in that they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them; they are connected by tight junctions in order to form the

text: blood brain barrier

text: (BBB). Endothelial cells, smooth muscle, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes work together in the brain order to maintain the BBB while still delivering nutrients to tissues and adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: . As they work as a functional unit, alterations in their interactions at the cellular level can impair HR in the brain and lead to deviations in normal nervous function.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic arterioles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: BBB

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pial arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: large cerebral arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neurons

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: smooth muscle, neurons, astrocytes, or pericytes?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: systemic arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells and smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cerebral arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not connected by tight junctions in order to form the blood brain barrier (BBB): systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: deviations in normal nervous function.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cranial tissues,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: deviations in normal nervous function.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: endothelial cells and smooth muscle,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: systemic arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells and smooth muscle,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cerebral arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them;

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: adjusting blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pial arteries.

text: The conventional cardiovascular physiology terms for the hemodynamic modulators are preload, contractility and afterload. They deal with (a) the inertial filling forces of blood return into the atrium (preload), which stretch the myocardial fibers, thus storing energy in them, (b) the force by which the heart muscle fibers shorten thus releasing the energy stored in them in order to expel part of blood in the ventricle into the vasculature (contractility), and (c) the forces the pump has to overcome in order to deliver a bolus of blood into the aorta per each contraction (afterload). The level of preload is currently assessed either from the PAOP (pulmonary artery occluded pressure) in a catheterized patient, or from EDI (end-diastolic index) by use of ultrasound. Contractility is not routinely assessed; quite often inotropy and contractility are interchanged as equal terms. Afterload is assessed from the SVRI value.

text: The conventional cardiovascular physiology terms for the hemodynamic modulators are preload, contractility and afterload. They deal with (a) the inertial filling forces of blood return into the atrium (preload), which stretch the myocardial fibers, thus storing energy in them, (b) the force by which the heart muscle fibers shorten thus releasing the energy stored in them in order to expel part of blood in the ventricle into the vasculature (contractility), and (c) the forces the pump has to overcome in order to deliver a bolus of blood into the aorta per each contraction (afterload). The level of preload is currently assessed either from the PAOP (pulmonary artery occluded pressure) in a catheterized patient, or from EDI (end-diastolic index) by use of ultrasound. Contractility is not routinely assessed; quite often inotropy and contractility are interchanged as equal terms. Afterload is assessed from the SVRI value.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diastolic index

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial fibers

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: end-diastolic index

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: contractility

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the conventional cardiovascular physiology terms for the hemodynamic modulators?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: afterload

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EDI

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasculature

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Contractility is not routinely assessed

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The conventional cardiovascular physiology terms for the hemodynamic modulators are preload, contractility and afterload

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The conventional cardiovascular physiology terms for the hemodynamic modulators

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contractility

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (end-diastolic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (pulmonary artery occluded pressure)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: preload, contractility and afterload.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial fibers,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: return into the atrium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: (afterload).

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle fibers

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: preload, contractility and afterload.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: (pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: preload, contractility and afterload.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial fibers,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Contractility is not routinely assessed;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: return into the atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood return into the atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: (preload), which stretch the myocardial fibers,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (contractility),

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: preload, contractility and afterload.

text: The terms elastance and compliance are of particular significance in cardiovascular physiology and respiratory physiology. In compliance, an increase in volume occurs in a vessel when the pressure in that vessel is increased. The tendency of the arteries and veins to stretch in response to pressure has a large effect on perfusion and blood pressure. This physically means that blood vessels with a higher compliance deform easier than lower compliance blood vessels under the same pressure and volume conditions. Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance. Compliance is calculated using the following equation, where ΔV is the change in volume, and ΔP is the change in pressure:

text: The terms elastance and compliance are of particular significance in

text: cardiovascular physiology

text: and

text: respiratory physiology

text: . In compliance, an increase in volume occurs in a vessel when the pressure in that vessel is increased. The tendency of the

text: arteries

text: and

text: veins

text: to stretch in response to pressure has a large effect on perfusion and blood pressure. This physically means that blood vessels with a higher compliance deform easier than lower compliance blood vessels under the same pressure and volume conditions. Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance. Compliance is calculated using the following equation, where ΔV is the change in volume, and ΔP is the change in pressure:

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: higher compliance blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must arteries and veins to stretch in response to pressure?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: compliance

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Venous compliance

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels with a higher compliance deform easier than lower compliance blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: compliance

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: compliance

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to stretch in response to pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: elastance

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: elastance

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elastance and compliance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: elastance

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: respiratory physiology.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels with a higher compliance deform easier than lower compliance blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: compliance are of particular significance in cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lower compliance blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: compliance are of particular significance in cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Venous compliance is approximately 30 times larger than arterial compliance.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels with a higher compliance deform easier than lower compliance blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: compliance are of particular significance in cardiovascular physiology

text: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, on our global society is immense.  It is the number one cause of death globally.  An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing 31% of all global deaths, with over 80% of CVD deaths taking place in low-and middle-income countries.  People in low-and middle-income countries often do not have the benefit of integrated primary health care programs for early detection and treatment of people with risk factors. They also have less access to effective and equitable health care services, which respond to their needs.  As a result, many are detected late in the course of the disease and die younger.  The poorest populations are affected most.

text: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, on our global society is immense.  It is the number one cause of death globally.  An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing 31% of all global deaths, with over 80% of CVD deaths taking place in low-and middle-income countries.  People in low-and middle-income countries often do not have the benefit of integrated primary health care programs for early detection and treatment of people with risk factors. They also have less access to effective and equitable health care services, which respond to their needs.  As a result, many are detected late in the course of the disease and die younger.  The poorest populations are affected most.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low-and middle-income

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the number one cause of death globally?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the number one cause of death globally?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the number one cause of death globally?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the number one cause of death globally?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The poorest populations

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The burden of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 80% of CVD deaths taking place in low-and middle-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2015,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2015,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart and blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: burden of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The burden of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 17.5 million people died from CVDs

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: low-and middle-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 80% of CVD deaths taking place in low-and middle-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The burden of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: number one cause of death globally.

text: Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta. In approximately 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels —usually a single vein and single artery. In about 75% of those cases, the baby is entirely normal and healthy and the missing artery isn't missed at all. One artery can support a pregnancy and does not necessarily indicate problems. For the other 25%, a 2-vessel cord is a sign that the baby has other abnormalities—sometimes life-threatening and sometimes not. SUA does increase the risk of the baby having cardiac, skeletal, intestinal or renal problems. Babies with SUA may have a higher likelihood of having other congenital abnormalities, especially of the heart. However, additional testing (high level ultrasound scans) can rule out many of these abnormalities prior to birth and alleviate parental anxiety. Echocardiograms of the fetus may be advised to ensure the heart is functioning properly.  Genetic counseling may be useful, too, especially when weighing the pros and cons of more invasive procedures such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis.

text: Most cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the baby to the

text: placenta

text: . In approximately 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels —usually a single vein and single artery. In about 75% of those cases, the baby is entirely normal and healthy and the missing artery isn't missed at all. One artery can support a pregnancy and does not necessarily indicate problems. For the other 25%, a 2-vessel cord is a sign that the baby has other abnormalities—sometimes life-threatening and sometimes not. SUA does increase the risk of the baby having cardiac, skeletal, intestinal or renal problems. Babies with SUA may have a higher likelihood of having other

text: congenital abnormalities

text: , especially of the heart. However, additional testing (high level ultrasound scans) can rule out many of these abnormalities prior to birth and alleviate parental anxiety.

text: Echocardiogram

text: s of the fetus may be advised to ensure the heart is functioning properly.  Genetic counseling may be useful, too, especially when weighing the pros and cons of more invasive procedures such as

text: chorionic villus sampling

text: and

text: amniocentesis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a 2-vessel cord

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a congenital abnormality?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the vein carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: vein or artery?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vein to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein that carries oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is true of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a congenital abnormality?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which artery can support a pregnancy and does not necessarily indicate problems?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: baby

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: The vein

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital abnormalities,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: SUA

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Echocardiograms

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: two arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The vein carries oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: two vessels —usually a single vein and single artery.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vein and two arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: The vein carries oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the missing artery isn't missed at all.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Most cords have one vein and two arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 1% of pregnancies there are only two vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: one vein and two arteries.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The vein carries oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 1%

text: In a normal functioning human body, arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs or the rest of the body, where the blood passes through capillaries, and veins return the blood to heart. An AVM interferes with this process by forming a direct connection of the arteries and veins. AVMs can cause intense pain and lead to serious medical problems. Although AVMs are often associated with the brain and spinal cord, they can develop in any part of the body.

text: In a normal functioning human body, arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs or the rest of the body, where the blood passes through capillaries, and veins return the blood to heart. An AVM interferes with this process by forming a direct connection of the arteries and veins. AVMs can cause intense pain and lead to serious medical problems. Although AVMs are often associated with the brain and spinal cord, they can develop in any part of the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: An AVM

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: AVMs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the human body: arteries, veins, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can cause intense pain and lead to serious medical problems

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AVMs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: veins return the blood to heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins return the blood to heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: AVMs

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries carry blood away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: AVMs

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: An AVM

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: An AVM

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins return the blood to heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins return the blood to heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: veins return the blood to heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: AVM

text: Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.

text: Hemostasis

text: or

text: haemostasis is a process which causes

text: bleeding

text: to stop, meaning to keep

text: blood

text: within a damaged

text: blood vessel

text: (the opposite of hemostasis is

text: hemorrhage

text: ). It is the first stage of

text: wound healing

text: . This involves

text: coagulation

text: , blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form

text: clots

text: . The

text: endothelial

text: cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and

text: thrombomodulin

text: and prevent platelet aggregation with

text: nitric oxide

text: and

text: prostacyclin

text: . When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete

text: von Willebrand factor

text: which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Intact

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Intact

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hemorrhage

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: endothelial injury

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atria, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many major steps does hemostasis have?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the opposite of hemostasis?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of hemostasis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood changing from a liquid to a gel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many major steps does hemostasis have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the opposite of hemostasis?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the opposite of hemostasis?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Intact blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hemorrhage).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: intact vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hemorrhage).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nitric oxide and prostacyclin.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Intact blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: nitric oxide and prostacyclin.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: damaged blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide and prostacyclin.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Intact blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: platelet plug,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hemostasis

text: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe album published in 2002 by Spirit Zone Records.

text: Heart Beat is a

text: Space Tribe

text: album published in 2002 by

text: Spirit Zone Records

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The album Heart Beat was released in 2002

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What kind of blood does an artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart Beat was released in 2002.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a capillary is not a vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is what?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe album published in 2002

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe album published in 2002

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart Beat is a Space Tribe album published in 2002

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 2002

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart Beat

text: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Several risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight or obese, smoking, have been identified to promote the cardiovascular diseases. American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) have suggested life style management to control risk factors in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. One of the strategies is reducing dietary saturated fat intake to reduce blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which is considered as “bad” blood cholesterol. If dietary and life style management is ineffective, medication such as statin will be used to in conjunction to reduce blood cholesterol levels. Soy protein, nuts, viscous fibre, and plant sterols have been found to have cholesterol lowering effect. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved health claim for these foods. David Jenkins believes including all of these foods in the diet is able to achieve better cholesterol lowering results.

text: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Several risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight or obese, smoking, have been identified to promote the cardiovascular diseases. American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) have suggested life style management to control risk factors in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. One of the strategies is reducing dietary saturated fat intake to reduce blood low-density lipoprotein (

text: LDL

text: ) which is considered as “bad” blood cholesterol. If dietary and life style management is ineffective, medication such as statin will be used to in conjunction to reduce blood cholesterol levels. Soy protein, nuts, viscous fibre, and plant sterols have been found to have cholesterol lowering effect. The U.S.

text: Food and Drug Administration

text: has approved health claim for these foods. David Jenkins believes including all of these foods in the diet is able to achieve better cholesterol lowering results.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: statin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have cholesterol lowering effect

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight or obese, smoking,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: reducing dietary saturated fat

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medication such as statin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: low-density lipoprotein

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reducing dietary saturated fat intake

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol,

text: The heart is a curved muscular tube lying in the postabdomen, or close to the stomach. Each end opens into a single vessel, one running to the endostyle, and the other to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. The vessels are connected by a series of sinuses, through which the blood flows. Additional sinuses run from that on the dorsal surface, supplying blood to the visceral organs, and smaller vessels commonly run from both sides into the tunic. Nitrogenous waste, in the form of ammonia, is excreted directly from the blood through the walls of the pharynx, and expelled through the atrial siphon.

text: The heart is a curved muscular tube lying in the postabdomen, or close to the stomach. Each end opens into a single vessel, one running to the endostyle, and the other to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. The vessels are connected by a series of sinuses, through which the blood flows. Additional sinuses run from that on the dorsal surface, supplying blood to the visceral organs, and smaller vessels commonly run from both sides into the tunic.

text: Nitrogenous waste

text: , in the form of

text: ammonia

text: , is excreted directly from the blood through the walls of the pharynx, and expelled through the atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: visceral organs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: endostyle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endostyle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endostyle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not connected by a series of sinuses, through which the blood flows?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sinus?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ammonia

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: what is the first type of tissue mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Nitrogenous waste, in the form of ammonia, is excreted directly from the blood through the walls of the pharynx

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, endostyle, or pharynx?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the heart help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: visceral organs,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: endostyle,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endostyle,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Nitrogenous waste,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart is a curved muscular tube

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tunic.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a single vessel,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a series of sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atrial siphon.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: sinuses,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The heart is a curved muscular tube

text: Metoprolol, marketed under the tradename Lopressor among others, is a selective β receptor blocker medication. It is used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart, and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines.

text: Metoprolol, marketed under the tradename Lopressor among others, is a selective

text: β receptor blocker

text: medication. It is used to treat

text: high blood pressure

text: chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart

text: , and a number of conditions involving an

text: abnormally fast heart rate

text: . It is also used to prevent further heart problems after

text: myocardial infarction

text: and to prevent headaches in those with

text: migraine

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: Veins or Veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Metoprolol block?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Metoprolol do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Metoprolol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What does Metoprolol do to the blood flow to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does Metoprolol do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does Metoprolol do?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: poor blood flow

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: abnormally fast heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: abnormally fast heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Metoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: poor blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Metoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Metoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: poor blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: poor blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: abnormally fast heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: poor blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: abnormally fast heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Metoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Metoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: abnormally fast heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Metoprolol,

text: A MUGA scan (multigated acquisition scan) is a nuclear medicine test designed to evaluate the function of the right and left ventricles of the heart, thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in heart failure. MUGA scanning is also called radionuclide angiography, equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, or gated blood pool imaging, as well as SYMA scanning (synchronized multigated acquisition scanning). This mode of imaging uniquely provides a cine type of image of the beating heart, and allows the interpreter to determine the efficiency of the individual heart valves and chambers. MUGA/Cine scanning represents a robust adjunct to the now more common echocardiogram. Mathematics regarding acquisition of Q is well served by both of these methods as well as other inexpensive models supporting ejection fraction as a product of the heart/myocardium in systole. The advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram or an angiogram is due to its accuracy.  An echocardiogram measures the shortening fraction of the ventricle and is limited by the user's ability.  Furthermore, an angiogram is invasive and, often, more expensive.  A MUGA scan provides a more accurate representation of cardiac ejection fraction.

text: A MUGA scan (multigated acquisition scan) is a

text: nuclear medicine

text: test designed to evaluate the function of the right and left

text: ventricles

text: of the

text: heart

text: , thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in

text: heart failure

text: . MUGA scanning is also called radionuclide angiography, equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, or gated blood pool imaging, as well as SYMA scanning (synchronized multigated acquisition scanning). This mode of imaging uniquely provides a

entity_section: Profusion of names for moving pictures taken with X-rays

text: cine

text: type of image of the beating heart, and allows the interpreter to determine the efficiency of the individual

text: heart valve

text: s and

text: chambers

text: . MUGA/Cine scanning represents a robust adjunct to the now more common

text: echocardiogram

text: . Mathematics regarding acquisition of

text: Q

text: is well served by both of these methods as well as other inexpensive models supporting

text: ejection fraction

text: as a product of the heart/myocardium in

text: systole

text: . The advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram or an angiogram is due to its accuracy.  An echocardiogram measures the shortening fraction of the ventricle and is limited by the user's ability.  Furthermore, an angiogram is invasive and, often, more expensive.  A MUGA scan provides a more accurate representation of cardiac ejection fraction.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the function of the right and left ventricles of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: SYMA scanning

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiogram

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right and left

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the advantage of a MUGA scan over an echocardiogram?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart/myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart/myocardium

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: radionuclide angiography,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart/myocardium in systole.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart/myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart/myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pool imaging,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: right and left ventricles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: echocardiogram measures the shortening fraction of the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: echocardiogram measures the shortening fraction of the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart failure.

text: Cardiomegaly is a medical condition in which the heart is enlarged. It is more commonly referred to as an enlarged heart. The causes of cardiomegaly may vary. Many times this condition results from high blood pressure (hypertension) or coronary artery disease. An enlarged heart may not pump blood effectively, resulting in congestive heart failure. Cardiomegaly may improve over time, but many people with an enlarged heart need lifelong treatment with medications. Having an immediate family member who has or had cardiomegaly may indicate that a person is more susceptible to getting this condition. Cardiomegaly is not a disease but rather a condition that can result from a host of other diseases such as obesity or coronary artery disease. Recent studies suggest that cardiomegaly is associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

text: Cardiomegaly is a medical condition in which the heart is enlarged. It is more commonly referred to as an enlarged heart. The causes of cardiomegaly may vary. Many times this condition results from high blood pressure (

text: hypertension

text: ) or

text: coronary artery disease

text: . An enlarged heart may not pump blood effectively, resulting in

text: congestive heart failure

text: . Cardiomegaly may improve over time, but many people with an enlarged heart need lifelong treatment with medications. Having an immediate family member who has or had cardiomegaly may indicate that a person is more susceptible to getting this condition. Cardiomegaly is not a disease but rather a condition that can result from a host of other diseases such as obesity or coronary artery disease. Recent studies suggest that cardiomegaly is associated with a higher risk of

text: sudden cardiac death

text: (SCD).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sudden cardiac death

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity or coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease: obesity or coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiomegaly is not a disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cardiomegaly?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congestive heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: congestive heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: congestive heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sudden cardiac death

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity or coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: congestive heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: enlarged heart may not pump blood effectively,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: high blood pressure (hypertension) or coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: enlarged heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: enlarged heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medications.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: enlarged heart may not pump blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiomegaly

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: high blood pressure (hypertension) or coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure (hypertension) or coronary artery disease.

text: Coronary artery ectasia is a rare disease that occurs in only 0.3-4.9% of people in North America. Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by the enlargement of a coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter. The disease is commonly asymptomatic and is normally discovered when performing tests for other conditions such as coronary artery disease, stable angina and other acute coronary syndromes. Coronary artery ectasia occurs 4 times more frequently in males than  in females and in people who have risk factors for heart disease such as smokers.  While the disease is commonly found in patients with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, it can occur by itself and in both cases it can cause health problems. The disease can cause the heart tissue to be deprived of blood and die due to decreased blood flow, and blockages due to blood clots or spasms of the blood vessel. This blood flow disruption can cause permanent damage to the muscle if the deprivation is prolonged. Coronary artery ectasia also increases the chance of developing large weak spots in the affected coronary arteries, or aneurysms that can rupture and result in death. The damage can result in angina which is pain in the chest and is a common complaint in these patients.

text: Coronary artery ectasia is a rare disease that occurs in only 0.3-4.9% of people in North America. Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by the enlargement of a

text: coronary artery

text: to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter. The disease is commonly

text: asymptomatic

text: and is normally discovered when performing tests for other conditions such as

text: coronary artery disease

text: stable angina

text: and other acute coronary syndromes. Coronary artery ectasia occurs 4 times more frequently in males than  in females and in people who have risk factors for heart disease such as smokers.  While the disease is commonly found in patients with

text: atherosclerosis

text: and coronary artery disease, it can occur by itself and in both cases it can cause health problems. The disease can cause the heart tissue to be deprived of blood and die due to decreased blood flow, and blockages due to blood clots or spasms of the blood vessel. This blood flow disruption can cause permanent damage to the muscle if the deprivation is prolonged. Coronary artery ectasia also increases the chance of developing large weak spots in the affected coronary arteries, or aneurysms that can rupture and result in death. The damage can result in angina which is pain in the chest and is a common complaint in these patients.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acute coronary syndromes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smokers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of coronary artery ectasia?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can cause permanent damage to the muscle if the deprivation is prolonged?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood flow disruption

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clots and spasms

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary artery, pulmonary artery, or venous artery?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, coronary artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What can cause permanent damage to the muscle if the deprivation is prolonged?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: decreased blood flow, and blockages due to blood clots

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smokers.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood clots or spasms of the blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blockages due to blood clots

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 4 times more frequently in males than in females

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: decreased blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary artery ectasia

text: Internal wounds (usually to the torso) are harder to deal with than external wounds, although they often have an external cause.  The key dangers of internal bleeding include hypovolaemic shock (leading to exsanguination), causing a tamponade on the heart or a haemothorax on the lung.  The aortic aneurysm is a special case where the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, becomes ruptured through an inherent weakness.  This is one of the most serious medical emergencies a patient can face, as the only treatment is rapid surgery, although exertion, raised blood pressure or sudden movements could cause a sudden catastrophic failure.

text: Internal wounds (usually to the

text: torso

text: ) are harder to deal with than external wounds, although they often have an external cause.  The key dangers of internal bleeding include

text: hypovolaemic shock

text: (leading to

text: exsanguination

text: ), causing a

text: tamponade

text: on the heart or a

text: haemothorax

text: on the lung.  The

text: aortic aneurysm

text: is a special case where the

text: aorta

text: , the body's main blood vessel, becomes ruptured through an inherent weakness.  This is one of the most serious

text: medical emergencies

text: a patient can face, as the only treatment is rapid surgery, although exertion, raised blood pressure or sudden movements could cause a sudden catastrophic failure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hypovolaemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: haemothorax

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tamponade

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: raised blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: haemothorax

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, or the lung?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, or the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of internal bleeding: hypovolaemic shock (leading to exsanguination)

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: haemothorax

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: external wounds

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, or the lung?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, or the lung?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the body's main blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: torso)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tamponade

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: exertion, raised blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: haemothorax

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: haemothorax on the lung.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: haemothorax on the lung.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: external wounds,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Internal

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: external wounds,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the body's main blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: external wounds,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: raised blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aortic aneurysm

text: In cardiology neocardiogenesis is the homeostatic regeneration, repair and renewal of sections of malfunctioning adult cardiovascular tissue.  This includes a combination of cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis (the regeneration of blood vessels).

text: In cardiology neocardiogenesis is the

text: homeostatic

text: regeneration, repair and renewal of sections of malfunctioning adult cardiovascular tissue.  This includes a combination of

text: cardiomyogenesis

text: (the regeneration of

text: cardiac muscle

text: ) and

text: angiogenesis

text: (the regeneration of

text: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyogenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyogenesis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: angiogenesis, cardiomyogenesis, or cardiac muscle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: neocardiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: angiogenesis, cardiomyogenesis, or cardiac muscle?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiomyogenesis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiomyogenesis

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiogenic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiogenic vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiomyogenesis is the regeneration of cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: neocardiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: neocardiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyogenesis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle)

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: In cardiology neocardiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cardiomyogenesis (the regeneration of cardiac muscle) and angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: neocardiogenesis

text: Cardiovascular fitness is  the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement.  This type of fitness is a health-related component of physical fitness that is brought about by sustained physical activity. A person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles is affected by many physiological parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption.

text: Cardiovascular fitness is  the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working

text: muscle tissues

text: and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement.  This type of fitness is a health-related component of physical fitness that is brought about by sustained physical activity. A person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles is affected by many

text: physiological

text: parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sustained physical activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does cardiovascular fitness mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not supply oxygen to the working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood cells and lungs

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular fitness

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: sustained physical activity.

text: Each compartment contains connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels. The septa are formed from the fascia which is made up of a strong type of connective tissue. The fascia also separates the skeletal muscles from the subcutaneous tissue. Due to the great pressure placed on the leg, from the column of blood from the heart to the feet, the fascia is very thick in order to support the leg muscles. The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough, blood flow to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as compartment syndrome. Severe damage to the nerve and blood vessels around a muscle can cause the muscle to die and amputation might be necessary.

text: Each compartment contains connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels. The septa are formed from the fascia which is made up of a strong type of connective tissue. The fascia also separates the skeletal muscles from the subcutaneous tissue. Due to the great pressure placed on the leg, from the column of blood from the heart to the feet, the fascia is very thick in order to support the leg muscles. The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough,

text: blood flow

text: to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as

text: compartment syndrome

text: . Severe damage to the nerve and blood vessels around a muscle can cause the muscle to die and amputation might be necessary.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the feet

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: compartment syndrome

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: amputation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a condition known as compartment syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the septa

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue and

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as what?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow to the muscle can be blocked

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not part of the septa: the skeletal muscles or the subcutaneous tissue?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a condition known as compartment syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: feet,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: The septa

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: heart to the feet,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: feet,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the fascia is very thick in order to support the leg muscles.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: fascia which is made up of a strong type of connective tissue.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: connective tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Each compartment contains connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: column of blood from the heart to the feet,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Each compartment contains connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: compartment syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thick in order to support the leg muscles.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: compartment syndrome.

text: Mechanics is the study of motion (or equilibrium) and the forces that causes it. Blood moves in the blood vessels, while the heart serves as the pump for the blood. The vessel walls of the heart are elastic and movable, enabling the blood and the wall to exert forces on each other that in turn influence their respective motion. Therefore, to understand the mechanics of blood circulation, it is worthwhile to review the basic mechanics of fluid, the elastic solids (momentum), and the nature of the forces exerted between two moving substances in contact.

text: Mechanics

text: is the study of motion (or equilibrium) and the

text: forces

text: that causes it. Blood moves in the blood vessels, while the

text: heart

text: serves as the pump for the blood. The vessel walls of the heart are elastic and movable, enabling the blood and the wall to exert forces on each other that in turn influence their respective motion. Therefore, to understand the mechanics of blood circulation, it is worthwhile to review the basic mechanics of fluid, the

text: elastic

text: solids (

text: momentum

text: ), and the nature of the forces exerted between two moving substances in contact.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart serve as the pump for?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood moves in the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels, while the heart serves as the pump for the blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood circulation,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart serves as the pump for the blood.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the heart serves as the pump for the blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: elastic and movable,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Mechanics

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: elastic and movable,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood moves in the blood vessels,

text: Like all triptans, almotriptan has a high and specific affinity for serotonin 5-HT receptors. Binding of the drug to the receptor leads to vasoconstriction of the cranial (brain) blood vessels and thus affects the redistribution of blood flow. Almotriptan significantly increases cerebral blood flow and reduces blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels. Even though it affects cranial blood vessels a single standard dose of almotriptan has no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate in both young and elderly healthy volunteers. Larger doses seem to slightly increase blood pressure but not beyond clinical relevance.

text: Like all triptans, almotriptan has a high and specific affinity for serotonin

text: 5-HT receptors

text: . Binding of the drug to the receptor leads to

text: vasoconstriction

text: of the cranial (brain) blood vessels and thus affects the redistribution of blood flow. Almotriptan significantly increases cerebral blood flow and reduces blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels. Even though it affects cranial blood vessels a single standard dose of almotriptan has no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate in both young and elderly healthy volunteers. Larger doses seem to slightly increase blood pressure but not beyond clinical relevance.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cranial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: extracardiac

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: extracardiac

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: extracardiac

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cranial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: young and elderly

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: cranial (brain) blood vessels or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does almotriptan have no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate in both young and elderly healthy volunteers?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Almotriptan significantly increase cerebral blood flow and reduce blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does almotriptan significantly increase cerebral blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Almotriptan

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Almotriptan significantly increases cerebral blood flow and reduces blood flow through extracerebral cranial

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: (brain)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cranial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elderly

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: extracerebral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: 5-HT receptors.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Larger doses seem to slightly increase blood pressure but not beyond clinical relevance.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cerebral blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: almotriptan

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (brain)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: extracerebral cranial vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cranial

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cranial (brain) blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: almotriptan

text: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system to provide a continuous flow of blood throughout the body. This circulation consists of the systemic circulation to and from the body and the pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of respiration. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs.

text: The heart functions as a pump in the

text: circulatory system

text: to provide a continuous

text: flow of blood

text: throughout the body. This circulation consists of the

text: systemic circulation

text: to and from the body and the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of

text: respiration

text: . The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of circulation: systemic circulation or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: circulatory system to provide a continuous flow of blood throughout the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What part of the body does the aorta carry blood to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic circulation to and from the body and the pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: respiration.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiration.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation to and from the body and the pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system

text: The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segments. Respiratory pigment is also dissolved in the blood plasma. Species with well-developed septa generally also have blood vessels running all long their bodies above and below the gut, the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards. Networks of capillaries in the body wall and around the gut transfer blood between the main blood vessels and to parts of the segment that need oxygen and nutrients. Both of the major vessels, especially the upper one, can pump blood by contracting. In some annelids the forward end of the upper blood vessel is enlarged with muscles to form a heart, while in the forward ends of many earthworms some of the vessels that connect the upper and lower main vessels function as hearts. Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels and rely on the circulation within the coelom for delivering nutrients and oxygen.

text: The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a

text: respiratory pigment

text: – red

text: hemoglobin

text: in some species, green

text: chlorocruorin

text: in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segments. Respiratory pigment is also dissolved in the

text: blood plasma

text: . Species with well-developed septa generally also have blood vessels running all long their bodies above and below the gut, the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards. Networks of

text: capillaries

text: in the body wall and around the gut transfer blood between the main blood vessels and to parts of the segment that need oxygen and nutrients. Both of the major vessels, especially the upper one, can pump blood by contracting. In some annelids the forward end of the upper blood vessel is enlarged with muscles to form a heart, while in the forward ends of many

text: earthworm

text: s some of the vessels that connect the upper and lower main vessels function as hearts. Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels and rely on the circulation within the coelom for delivering nutrients and oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lower one

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: upper one

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: upper one

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the lower

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the lower

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: upper and lower main vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: poorly developed or no septa

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the lower

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the forward end of the upper blood vessel enlarged with muscles?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lower one carries it backwards

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the body wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: major vessels, capillaries, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: upper one

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Both of the major vessels, especially the upper one, can pump blood by contracting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower one

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower one carries it backwards.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lower one carries it backwards.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: upper one, can pump blood by contracting.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: upper one, can pump blood by contracting.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower one carries it backwards.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: upper one,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infections.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: well-developed septa

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: upper one,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coelomocyte

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: forwards while the lower one carries it backwards.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Both of the major vessels,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contracting.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: forwards while the lower one carries it backwards.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Species with well-developed septa

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: upper one,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Both of the major vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the forward end of the upper blood vessel is enlarged with muscles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pump blood by contracting.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Species with well-developed septa

text: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovascular reactivity, a measure of the autonomic nervous system's response to stress, is heightened in the presence of subliminally primed negative age stereotypes and reduced in the presence of subliminally primed positive age stereotypes. While occasional stress is not harmful, repeated elevation of cardiovascular response to stress can be quite detrimental to cardiac health. In fact, Levy and colleagues (2009) found that possessing negative age stereotypes in younger life can double the risk of having an adverse cardiovascular event after the age of 60.

text: The physiological mechanism operates via the

text: autonomic nervous system

text: . Cardiovascular reactivity, a measure of the autonomic nervous system's response to

text: stress

text: , is heightened in the presence of subliminally primed negative age stereotypes and reduced in the presence of subliminally primed positive age stereotypes. While occasional stress is not harmful, repeated elevation of cardiovascular response to stress can be quite detrimental to cardiac health. In fact, Levy and colleagues (2009) found that possessing negative age stereotypes in younger life can double the risk of having an adverse

text: cardiovascular event

text: after the age of 60.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: adverse cardiovascular event

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: negative age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the cardiovascular system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: subliminally primed negative age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: subliminally primed positive age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or subliminally primed negative age stereotypes?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: adverse cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: subliminally primed negative age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heightened in the presence of subliminally primed negative age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The physiological mechanism operates via the autonomic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heightened in the presence of subliminally primed negative age stereotypes

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular reactivity,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stress,

text: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used for determination of the location, size, direction of blood flow through the atrial hole, hemodynamic of the right ventricle (blood circulation), tricuspid valve, and functioning of left ventricle. The ECG can also be used to determine the rhythm of the heart to determine if there is an indication of sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. In the ECG, the p wave morphology will be study for any abnormalities. If during the ECG, the P-wave (atrial depolarization)is tall, broad, or split waves in lead II and accompanied with a deep negative force in V1, this would be considered to be abnormal; only one wave should be associated with the P-wave. Additionally, in an ECG the QRS morphology and axis will be examined for any abnormalities. If the ECG shows a right axis deviation which is abnormal or a right bundle-branch block (this would mean there was no signal going through the atrium to instruct the ventricle to contract or squeeze blood out of the ventricle).

text: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used for determination of the location, size, direction of blood flow through the atrial hole, hemodynamic of the right ventricle (blood circulation), tricuspid valve, and functioning of left ventricle. The ECG can also be used to determine the rhythm of the heart to determine if there is an indication of sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. In the ECG, the p wave morphology will be study for any abnormalities. If during the ECG, the P-wave (atrial depolarization)is tall, broad, or split waves in lead II and accompanied with a deep negative force in V1, this would be considered to be abnormal; only one wave should be associated with the P-wave. Additionally, in an ECG the QRS morphology and axis will be examined for any abnormalities. If the ECG shows a right axis deviation which is abnormal or a right bundle-branch block (this would mean there was no signal going through the atrium to instruct the ventricle to contract or squeeze blood out of the ventricle).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: bundle-branch block

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: bundle branch

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the right ventricle carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the ECG shows a right axis deviation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrial hole

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ECG

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: right bundle-branch

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through the atrial hole

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right ventricle and left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or tricuspid valve?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the location of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: If the ECG shows a right bundle-branch block

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tricuspid valve,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tricuspid

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: bundle-branch

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atrial hole,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: atrial hole,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrial hole,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: signal going through the atrium

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tricuspid valve,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: tricuspid valve,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tricuspid

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: only one wave should be associated with the P-wave.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: tricuspid valve,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: (blood circulation),

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atrial hole,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract or squeeze blood out of the ventricle).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Electrocardiogram

text: On 25 September 2014, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats on her social media platforms. The following day, Heart Beats was made available to pre-order online through iTunes, JB Hi-Fi and Sanity. "Heart Beats Again" was released as a promotional single from the album. Fans who pre-ordered Heart Beats on iTunes would instantly receive the song for free. On 28 September 2014, Im performed at Nickelodeon Australia's Slimefest concert in Melbourne. Heart Beats was released digitally in South Korea on 14 October 2014. It was later released digitally and physically in Australia on 17 October 2014, as both standard and deluxe editions. The latter edition included five bonus tracks. Im performed and signed physical copies of the album during appearances at World Square (17 October 2014) and Westfield Knox (18 October 2014). She also performed "Gladiator" and "Living Dangerously" at the 26th annual Australian Commercial Radio Awards, held on 18 October 2014. Im performed "Living Dangerously" on Sunrise on 23 October 2014. In December 2014, Im was the supporting act for John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

text: On 25 September 2014, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats on her

text: social media

text: platforms. The following day, Heart Beats was made available to pre-order online through

text: iTunes

text: JB Hi-Fi

text: and

text: Sanity

text: Heart Beats Again

text: " was released as a promotional single from the album. Fans who pre-ordered Heart Beats on iTunes would instantly receive the song for free. On 28 September 2014, Im performed at

text: Nickelodeon Australia

text: 's Slimefest concert in

text: Melbourne

text: . Heart Beats was released digitally in South Korea on 14 October 2014. It was later released digitally and

text: physically

text: in Australia on 17 October 2014, as both standard and deluxe editions. The latter edition included five bonus tracks. Im performed and signed physical copies of the album during appearances at

text: World Square

text: (17 October 2014) and

text: Westfield Knox

text: (18 October 2014). She also performed "Gladiator" and "Living Dangerously" at the 26th annual Australian Commercial Radio Awards, held on 18 October 2014. Im performed "Living Dangerously" on

text: Sunrise

text: on 23 October 2014. In December 2014, Im was the supporting act for

text: John Legend

text: 's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: living dangerously

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which happened first, the release date for Heart Beats or Im performed at Nickelodeon Australia's Slimefest concert in Melbourne?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How many days after Im announced the release date did she perform at Nickelodeon Australia's Slimefest concert in Melbourne?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Heart Beats carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Im's performance at the 26th annual Australian Commercial Radio Awards?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart Beats was released digitally in South Korea on

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: What was released as a promotional single from the album

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein that leads to the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which happened first, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats on her social media platforms or Heart Beats was released digitally in South Korea on 14 October 2014

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which happened first, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats on her social media platforms or Im performed at Nickelodeon Australia's Slimefest concert in Melbourne?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: JB Hi-Fi and Sanity.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: "Living Dangerously"

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Im announced the release date for Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: On 25 September 2014, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 25 September 2014, Im announced the release date for Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: All of Me Tour.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: John Legend's Australian leg of his All of Me Tour.

text: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall, the interatrial septum. If this septum is defective or absent, then oxygen-rich blood can flow directly from the left side of the heart to mix with the oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart, or vice versa. This can lead to lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues. However, an ASD may not produce noticeable signs or symptoms, especially if the defect is small.

text: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a

text: congenital heart defect

text: in which blood flows between the

text: atria

text: (upper chambers) of the

text: heart

text: . Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall, the

text: interatrial septum

text: . If this septum is defective or absent, then

text: oxygen

text: -rich blood can flow directly from the left side of the heart to mix with the oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart, or vice versa. This can lead to lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues. However, an ASD may not produce noticeable signs or symptoms, especially if the defect is small.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of defect: atrial septal defect or interatrial septum?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which chambers of the heart contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What can lead to lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can lead to lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart defect: atrial septal defect, interatrial septum, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain, organs, and tissues.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: dividing wall,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: interatrial septum.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: interatrial septum.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-rich blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vice versa.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: dividing wall,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right side of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: oxygen-rich blood can flow directly from the left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: dividing wall,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atrial septal defect

text: A blood vessel leads up the middle of the body from the stomach to a circular vessel at the base of the lophophore, and from there a single blind vessel runs up each tentacle. A pair of blood vessels near the body wall lead downward from the lophophore ring to the stomach and also to blind branches throughout the body. There is no heart, but the major vessels can contract in waves to move the blood. Phoronids do not ventilate their trunks with oxygenated water, but rely on respiration through the lophophore. The blood contains hemoglobin, which is unusual in such small animals and seems to be an adaptation to anoxic and hypoxic environments. The blood of Phoronis architecta carries twice as much oxygen as a human of the same weight. Two metanephridia filter the body fluid, returning any useful products and dumping the remaining soluble wastes through a pair of pores beside the anus.

text: A blood vessel leads up the middle of the body from the stomach to a circular vessel at the base of the lophophore, and from there a single blind vessel runs up each tentacle. A pair of blood vessels near the body wall lead downward from the lophophore ring to the stomach and also to blind branches throughout the body. There is no heart, but the major vessels can contract in waves to move the blood. Phoronids do not ventilate their trunks with oxygenated water, but rely on

text: respiration

text: through the lophophore. The blood contains

text: hemoglobin

text: , which is unusual in such small animals and seems to be an adaptation to

text: anoxic and hypoxic

text: environments. The blood of Phoronis architecta carries twice as much

text: oxygen

text: as a human of the same weight. Two

text: metanephridia

text: filter the body fluid, returning any useful products and dumping the remaining soluble wastes through a pair of pores beside the anus.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stomach

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many major vessels can contract in waves to move the blood?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood of Phoronis architecta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels can contract in waves to move the blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: no heart

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the major vessels can contract in waves to move the blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: in waves to move the blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: stomach to a circular vessel at the base of the lophophore,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: the major vessels can contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: major vessels can contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypoxic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anoxic and hypoxic environments.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Phoronids

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: There is no heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the major vessels can contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: twice as much oxygen as a human of the same weight.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contract in waves

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lophophore.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: waves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: body wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Phoronis architecta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lophophore,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygenated water,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel at the base of the lophophore,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract in waves to move the blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lophophore,

text: Only in ideal cities did a centrally planned structure stand at the heart, as in Raphael's Sposalizio (Illustration) of 1504. As built, the unique example of a rationally planned quattrocento new city centre, that of Vigevano (1493–95), resembles a closed space instead, surrounded by arcading.

text: Only in ideal cities did a centrally planned structure stand at the heart, as in

text: Raphael

text: 's Sposalizio (Illustration) of 1504. As built, the unique example of a rationally planned quattrocento new city centre, that of

text: Vigevano

text: (1493–95), resembles a closed space instead, surrounded by arcading.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: centrally planned structure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What part of the heart does blood pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cities

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: quattrocento

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Only in ideal cities did a centrally planned structure stand at the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Only in ideal cities

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Only in ideal cities did a centrally planned structure stand at the heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 1504.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Raphael's Sposalizio

text: The physiological blood-flow response largely decides the temporal sensitivity, how well we can measure when neurons are active, in BOLD fMRI. The basic time resolution parameter is the sampling rate, or TR, which dictates how often a particular brain slice is excited and allowed to lose its magnetization. TRs could vary from the very short (500 ms) to the very long (3 seconds). For fMRI specifically, the haemodynamic response is assumed to last over 10 seconds, rising multiplicatively (that is, as a proportion of current value), peaking at 4 to 6 seconds, and then falling multiplicatively. Changes in the blood-flow system, the vascular system, integrate responses to neuronal activity over time. Because this response is a smooth continuous function, sampling with faster TRs helps only to map faster fluctuations like respiratory and heart rate signals.

text: The physiological blood-flow response largely decides the temporal sensitivity, how well we can measure when neurons are active, in BOLD fMRI. The basic time resolution parameter is the

text: sampling rate

text: , or TR, which dictates how often a particular brain slice is excited and allowed to lose its magnetization. TRs could vary from the very short (500 ms) to the very long (3 seconds). For fMRI specifically, the

text: haemodynamic response

text: is assumed to last over 10 seconds, rising multiplicatively (that is, as a proportion of current value), peaking at 4 to 6 seconds, and then falling multiplicatively. Changes in the blood-flow system, the vascular system, integrate responses to neuronal activity over time. Because this response is a smooth continuous function, sampling with faster TRs helps only to map faster fluctuations like respiratory and heart rate signals.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: respiratory and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the vascular system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: TRs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: sampling with faster TRs helps only to map faster fluctuations

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the basic time resolution parameter?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: haemodynamic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: haemodynamic response

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: neuronal activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neuronal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: respiratory and heart rate signals.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The physiological blood-flow response

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vascular system, integrate responses to neuronal activity

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart rate signals.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sampling rate,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood-flow

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood-flow response

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The physiological blood-flow response

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular system, integrate responses to neuronal activity

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The physiological blood-flow response

text: The movement of blood through the human body was thought to be known due to the work of the Greek physicians. However, there was the question of how the blood flowed from the right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle, before the blood is pumped to the rest of the body. According to Galen in the 2nd century, blood reached the left ventricle through invisible passages in the septum. By some means, Ibn al-Nafis, a 13th-century Syrian physician, found the previous statement on blood flow from the right ventricle to the left to be false. Ibn al-Nafis discovered that the ventricular septum was impenetrable, lacking any type of invisible passages, showing Galen’s assumptions to be false. Ibn al-Nafis discovered that the blood in the right ventricle of the heart is instead carried to the left by way of the lungs. This discovery was one of the first descriptions of the pulmonary circulation, although his writings on the subject were only rediscovered in the 20th century, and it was William Harvey's later independent discovery which brought it to general attention.

text: The movement of blood through the human body was thought to be known due to the work of the Greek physicians. However, there was the question of how the blood flowed from the right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle, before the blood is pumped to the rest of the body. According to

text: Galen

text: in the 2nd century, blood reached the left ventricle through invisible passages in the septum. By some means, Ibn al-Nafis, a 13th-century Syrian physician, found the previous statement on blood flow from the right ventricle to the left to be false. Ibn al-Nafis discovered that the ventricular septum was impenetrable, lacking any type of invisible passages, showing Galen’s assumptions to be false. Ibn al-Nafis discovered that the blood in the right ventricle of the heart is instead carried to the left by way of the lungs. This discovery was one of the first descriptions of the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: , although his writings on the subject were only rediscovered in the 20th century, and it was

text: William Harvey

text: 's later independent discovery which brought it to general attention.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the ventricular septum was impenetrable, lacking any type of invisible passages

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: what is the first description of the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the right ventricle of the heart carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does blood flow through the human body?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of what?

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels are made of

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: invisible passages in the septum

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: From the right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: invisible passages in the septum.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood reached the left ventricle through invisible passages in the septum.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ventricular septum

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: septum.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: invisible passages

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: ventricular septum was impenetrable,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: invisible passages in the septum.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: right ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle,

text: Results from animal and human studies support the use of Danshen for circulatory disorders to some extent because it is known to decrease the blood's ability to clot in at least two ways. First, it limits the stickiness of blood platelets. It also decreases the production of fibrin, the threads of protein that trap blood cells to form clots. Both these effects help to improve blood circulation. In addition, chemicals in danshen may relax and widen blood vessels, especially those around the heart. In animal studies, chemicals in danshen may also have protected the inner linings of arteries from damage. Some other research suggests it may increase the force of heartbeats and slow the heart rate slightly.

text: Results from animal and human studies support the use of Danshen for circulatory disorders to some extent because it is known to decrease the blood's ability to clot in at least two ways. First, it limits the stickiness of blood

text: platelet

text: s. It also decreases the production of fibrin, the threads of

text: protein

text: that trap blood cells to form

text: clot

text: s. Both these effects help to improve blood circulation. In addition, chemicals in danshen may relax and widen blood vessels, especially those around the heart. In animal studies, chemicals in danshen may also have protected the inner linings of arteries from damage. Some other research suggests it may increase the force of heartbeats and slow the heart rate slightly.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clot

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood platelets

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heartbeats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries or clots?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of the use of Danshen?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels around the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Danshen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The use of Danshen for circulatory disorders to some extent

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or clots?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory disorders

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clot

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stickiness of blood platelets.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: fibrin,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: slow the heart rate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: widen blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: chemicals in danshen may relax and widen blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Danshen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood platelets.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood platelets.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Results from animal and human studies support the use of Danshen

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: widen

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Danshen

text: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tone is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to high blood pressure, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to low blood pressure.

text: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local

text: blood pressure

text: , a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth

text: muscle tone

text: is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive

text: vasoconstriction

text: leads to

text: high blood pressure

text: , while excessive

text: vasodilation

text: as in shock leads to

text: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main function of vascular smooth muscle tone?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vascular smooth muscle tone

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change the volume of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of vascular smooth muscle tone?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasoconstriction leads to high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vasoconstriction leads to high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: shock

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Excessive vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption).

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: excessive vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen consumption).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Vascular smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Excessive vasoconstriction leads to high blood pressure,

text: Amlodipine is an angioselective calcium channel blocker. Calcium stimulates the actions of cells. Calcium channels are found on heart muscles, blood vessels, and other cells. When the channels open, calcium flows into the cell, causing them to contract. Calcium channel blockers interfere with this stimulation. This relaxes blood vessels widening them. This lowers blood pressure and reduces the stress on the heart. In those with heart related chest pain, amlodipine may increase blood flow to the heart muscle.

text: Amlodipine is an angioselective

text: calcium channel blocker

text: . Calcium stimulates the actions of cells. Calcium channels are found on heart muscles, blood vessels, and other cells. When the channels open, calcium flows into the cell, causing them to contract. Calcium channel blockers interfere with this stimulation. This relaxes blood vessels widening them. This lowers blood pressure and reduces the stress on the heart. In those with heart related chest pain, amlodipine may increase blood flow to the

text: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart related chest pain

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not found on heart muscles: ventricles, blood vessels, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: heart muscles, blood vessels or veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or cells?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of amlodipine?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Amlodipine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Angioselective

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium channel blockers interfere with this stimulation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: heart muscles, blood vessels, or cells?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When the channels open, calcium flows into the cell, causing them to contract

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure and reduces the stress on the heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angioselective calcium channel blocker.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure and reduces the stress

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Amlodipine

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: calcium channel blocker.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: widening them. This lowers blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blocker.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: calcium flows into the cell, causing them to contract.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: increase blood flow to the heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Calcium channels are found on heart muscles,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: widening them. This lowers blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: calcium channel blocker.

text: In congestive heart failure, the ability of the heart to pump enough blood to satisfy the physiological needs of the body is reduced. This condition has a variety of causes, including damaged heart valves, myocardial infarction, hypertension, vitamin B deficiency, and genetic mutations. When subsequent blood flow to the kidneys is reduced, the kidneys respond by increasing the secretion of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Renin converts the inactive angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II (AII) by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).  AII can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system after events such as heart failure and myocardial infarction. AII causes arterial vasoconstriction and hypertension, resulting in an increase in afterload, increasing the resistance against which the heart works. Additionally, chronic increase in production of AII is associated with structural changes to the myocardium which reduces the functionality of the heart.

text: In

text: congestive heart failure

text: , the ability of the heart to pump enough blood to satisfy the physiological needs of the body is reduced. This condition has a variety of causes, including damaged heart valves,

text: myocardial infarction

text: , hypertension,

text: vitamin B deficiency

text: , and genetic mutations. When subsequent blood flow to the kidneys is reduced, the kidneys respond by increasing the secretion of

text: renin

text: from the

text: juxtaglomerular apparatus

text: . Renin converts the inactive

text: angiotensinogen

text: into

text: angiotensin I

text: , which is converted to

text: angiotensin II

text: (AII) by

text: angiotensin converting enzyme

text: (ACE).  AII can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system after events such as heart failure and myocardial infarction. AII causes arterial

text: vasoconstriction

text: and hypertension, resulting in an increase in

text: afterload

text: , increasing the resistance against which the heart works. Additionally, chronic increase in production of AII is associated with structural changes to the

text: myocardium

text: which reduces the functionality of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AII

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow to the kidneys is reduced

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increasing the resistance against which the heart works

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: genetic mutations.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: In congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: damaged heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial vasoconstriction and hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: (ACE).

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: damaged heart valves,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: In congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: genetic mutations.

text: Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. Veins are also called "capacitance vessels" because most of the blood volume (60%) is contained within veins.  In systemic circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the arteries to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries.  After taking up cellular waste and carbon dioxide in capillaries, blood is channeled through vessels that converge with one another to form venules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins.  The de-oxygenated blood is taken by veins to the right atrium of the heart, which transfers the blood to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.  In pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation.

text: Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. Veins are also called "capacitance vessels" because most of the blood volume (60%) is contained within veins.  In

text: systemic circulation

text: oxygenated blood is pumped by the

text: left ventricle

text: through the

text: arteries

text: to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at

text: capillaries

text: .  After taking up cellular waste and

text: carbon dioxide

text: in capillaries, blood is channeled through vessels that converge with one another to form venules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins.  The de-

text: oxygen

text: ated blood is taken by veins to the

text: right atrium

text: of the heart, which transfers the blood to the

text: right ventricle

text: , where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the

text: lung

text: s.  In

text: pulmonary circulation

text: the

text: pulmonary vein

text: s return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the

text: left atrium

text: , which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: venules, atria, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing devices

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood circulation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cellular waste and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Veins are also called "capacitance vessels"

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: "capacitance vessels"

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cellular waste and carbon dioxide in capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins are also called "capacitance vessels"

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Veins

text: The left and right sides of the heart are named from a dorsal view, i.e., looking at the heart from the back or from the perspective of the person whose heart it is. There are four chambers in a heart: an atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower) on both the left and right sides. In mammals and birds, blood from the body goes to the right side of the heart first. Blood enters the upper right atrium, is pumped down to the right ventricle and from there to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Blood going to the lungs is called the pulmonary circulation. When the blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, it goes to the left side of the heart, entering the upper left atrium. Blood is then pumped to the lower left ventricle and from there out of the heart to the body via the aorta. This is called the systemic circulation. A cardiac shunt is when blood follows a pattern that deviates from the systemic circulation, i.e., from the body to the right atrium, down to the right ventricle, to the lungs, from the lungs to the left atrium, down to the left ventricle and then out of the heart back to the systemic circulation.

text: The left and right sides of the

text: heart

text: are named from a dorsal view, i.e., looking at the heart from the back or from the perspective of the person whose heart it is. There are four chambers in a heart: an atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower) on both the left and right sides. In

text: mammal

text: s and

text: bird

text: s, blood from the body goes to the

text: right side of the heart

text: first. Blood enters the upper

text: right atrium

text: , is pumped down to the

text: right ventricle

text: and from there to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Blood going to the lungs is called the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: . When the blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, it goes to the

text: left side of the heart

text: , entering the upper

text: left atrium

text: . Blood is then pumped to the lower

text: left ventricle

text: and from there out of the heart to the body via the aorta. This is called the

text: systemic circulation

text: . A cardiac shunt is when blood follows a pattern that deviates from the systemic circulation, i.e., from the body to the right atrium, down to the right ventricle, to the lungs, from the lungs to the left atrium, down to the left ventricle and then out of the heart back to the systemic circulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary vein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac shunt

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: shunt

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of circulation: pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a chamber of the heart: an atrium (upper) or a ventricle (lower)?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the pulmonary circulation carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the upper left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood from the body

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood from the body goes to the right side of the heart first

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac shunt

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary vein,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: upper left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium (upper) and a ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac shunt

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiac shunt

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium (upper) and a ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs via the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiac shunt

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiac shunt

text: In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carries blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart.

text: In

text: medicine

text: , gonadal vein refers to the

text: blood vessel

text: that carries

text: blood

text: away from the

text: gonad

text: (testis, ovary) toward the

text: heart

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: gonad

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: gonadal vein, atria or heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does atria refer to?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why would blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a battery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They carry blood away from the gonad.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why not arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (testis, ovary)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (testis, ovary)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: gonadal vein

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: gonadal vein

text: In some genera, such as the large marine snail Busycon, the main anterior artery (which supplies the head and foot) includes an enlarged muscular region. This structure is effectively a secondary heart, and probably helps to maintain blood pressure in the vessels of the head.

text: In some genera, such as the large marine snail

text: Busycon

text: , the main anterior artery (which supplies the head and foot) includes an enlarged muscular region. This structure is effectively a secondary heart, and probably helps to maintain blood pressure in the vessels of the head.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the first

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: enlarged muscular region

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the enlarged muscular region?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure is maintained in the vessels of the head

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: secondary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: head and foot)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: secondary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: artery (which supplies the head and foot) includes an enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: secondary heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the main anterior artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery (which supplies the head and foot) includes an enlarged muscular region.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: enlarged muscular region.

text: There is no data available on the long-term cardiovascular effects. There is no published research available on vaping and thrombosis, platelet reactivity, atherosclerosis, or blood vessel function. The minute nicotine particles in the vapor could increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension which may put some users, particularly those with atherosclerosis or other cardiovascular risk factors, at significant risk of acute coronary syndrome. Some case reports documented the possible cardiovascular adverse effects from using e-cigarettes, the majority associated was with improper use. Even though e-cigarettes are anticipated to produce fewer harmful substances than traditional cigarettes, limited evidence supports they comparatively have a lessened raised cardiovascular risk. E-cigarette use leads to sympathomimetic effects because of nicotine intake. It is argued that there could be a risk for harmful effects, including tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. E-cigarettes containing nicotine may have a lower cardiovascular effect than traditional cigarettes containing nicotine. Short-term physiological effects include increases in blood pressure and heart rate. A 2012 case report found a correlation between paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and vaping.

text: There is no data available on the long-term cardiovascular effects. There is no published research available on vaping and thrombosis, platelet reactivity, atherosclerosis, or blood vessel function. The minute nicotine particles in the vapor could increase the risk of

text: cardiac arrhythmias

text: and

text: hypertension

text: which may put some users, particularly those with

text: atherosclerosis

text: or other cardiovascular risk factors, at significant risk of

text: acute coronary syndrome

text: . Some case reports documented the possible cardiovascular adverse effects from using e-cigarettes, the majority associated was with improper use. Even though e-cigarettes are anticipated to produce fewer harmful substances than traditional cigarettes, limited evidence supports they comparatively have a lessened raised cardiovascular risk. E-cigarette use leads to sympathomimetic effects because of nicotine intake. It is argued that there could be a risk for harmful effects, including

text: tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

text: . E-cigarettes containing nicotine may have a lower cardiovascular effect than traditional cigarettes containing nicotine. Short-term physiological effects include increases in blood pressure and heart rate. A 2012 case report found a correlation between

text: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

text: and vaping.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the primary function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the effect of vaping on blood vessel function?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: E-cigarettes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There is no published research available on vaping and thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, or blood vessel function?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: tachycardia-induced

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: tachycardia-induced

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: tachycardia-induced

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel function.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessel function.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and vaping.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel function.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure and heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and vaping.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel function.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thrombosis, platelet reactivity, atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessel function.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: acute coronary syndrome.

text: Afterload is the pressure in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection. In other words, it is the end load against which the heart contracts to eject blood. Afterload is readily broken into components: one factor is the aortic pressure the left ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. The greater the aortic/pulmonary pressure, the greater the after load on the left/right ventricle, respectively.  Following Laplace's law, the tension upon the muscle fibers in the heart wall is the pressure within the ventricle multiplied by the volume within the ventricle divided by the wall thickness (this ratio is the other factor in setting the afterload). Therefore, when comparing a normal heart to a heart with a dilated left ventricle, if the aortic pressure is the same in both hearts, the dilated heart must create a greater tension to overcome the same aortic pressure to eject blood because it has a larger internal radius and volume. Thus, the dilated heart has a greater total load (tension) on the myocytes, i.e., has a higher afterload. This is also true in the eccentric hypertrophy consequent to high intensity aerobic training. Conversely, a concentrically hypertrophied left ventricle may have a lower afterload for a given aortic pressure. When contractility becomes impaired and the ventricle dilates, the afterload rises and limits output. This may start a vicious circle, in which cardiac output is reduced as oxygen requirements are increased.

text: Afterload is the pressure in the wall of the

text: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left/right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: a vicious circle

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high intensity aerobic training

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The greater the aortic pressure, the greater the after load on the left/right ventricle, respectively

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What may start a vicious circle, in which cardiac output is reduced as oxygen requirements are increased

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic pressure

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the left atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aortic pressure the left ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic/pulmonary pressure,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: eccentric hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high intensity aerobic training.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocytes,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The greater the aortic/pulmonary pressure,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Afterload

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Afterload

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen requirements are increased.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: dilated left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Afterload

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocytes,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocytes,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Afterload

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Afterload

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left/right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: a larger internal radius and volume.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: greater total load (tension) on the myocytes,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Afterload

text: In 1995, the World Bank Loan Health VII: China Disease Prevention Project—health promotion component (1996–2002) began in seven cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chengdu, Luoyang, Liuzhou and Weihai, and some regions of Yunnan province. The program covered about 90 million people. To date, among the chronic diseases outcomes reported are an overall reduction of 15% in the prevalence of male adult cigarette smokers, and in Beijing substantial increases in hypertension detection and treatment with a fall in cardiovascular disease death rates of more than 15% in the last year of the project (Wu Z, Director, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, personal communication).

text: In 1995, the

text: World Bank

text: Loan Health VII: China Disease Prevention Project—

text: health promotion

text: component (1996–2002) began in seven cities:

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: Chengdu

text: Luoyang

text: Liuzhou

text: and

text: Weihai

text: , and some regions of

text: Yunnan

text: province. The program covered about 90 million people. To date, among the chronic diseases outcomes reported are an overall reduction of 15% in the prevalence of male adult cigarette smokers, and in Beijing substantial increases in hypertension detection and treatment with a fall in cardiovascular disease death rates of more than 15% in the last year of the project (Wu Z, Director, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, personal communication).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: male adult cigarette smokers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does Wu Z, Director, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, personal communication?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does Wu Z, Director, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, personal communication?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does hypertension affect blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Liuzhou

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels are made of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of the World Bank Loan Health VII: China Disease Prevention Project?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Lung and Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart, Lung

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cigarette smokers,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 15%

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Luoyang, Liuzhou and Weihai,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart, Lung

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood Vessel Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood Vessel

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cigarette smokers, and in Beijing substantial increases in hypertension

text: The horse hoof contains a structural component known as the "frog", which covers the deeper structure of the hoof known as the digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue. When the horse places weight on a leg, the ground pushes upward on the frog, compressing it and the underlying digital cushion. This results in squeezing blood out of the digital cushion, which then helps to pump it back up the leg, helping the heart to work against gravity.

text: The

text: horse hoof

text: contains a structural component known as the "frog", which covers the deeper structure of the hoof known as the digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue. When the horse places weight on a leg, the ground pushes upward on the frog, compressing it and the underlying digital cushion. This results in squeezing blood out of the digital cushion, which then helps to pump it back up the leg, helping the heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: digital cushion

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: horse hoof

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a vessel-filled tissue: digital cushion, vessel-filled tissue or frog?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a structural component of the horse hoof: the digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue or the underlying digital cushion?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a vessel-filled tissue: digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does squeezing blood out of the digital cushion do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: digital cushion

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: digital cushions

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the horse hoof contains a structural component known as the "frog"

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: squeezing blood out of the digital cushion

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: leg,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: leg,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: horse places weight on a leg,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: helping the heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: helping the heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: squeezing blood out of the digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: squeezing blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pump it back up the leg,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: squeezing blood out of the digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: helping the heart to work against gravity.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel-filled tissue.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: squeezing blood out of the digital cushion,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: helping the heart to work against gravity.

text: Trimetaphan has a strong effect on the cardiovascular system.  The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.  Loss of sympathetic system input to the blood vessels causes them to get larger (vasodilation) which has the effect of lowering blood pressure.  Postural hypotension is a common side effect of such drugs. Trimethaphan causes a histamine release which further lowers blood pressure. Effects on the heart include a decreased force of contraction and an increase in heart rate (tachycardia). Reflexive tachycardia can be diminished or undetected because trimetaphan is also blocking the sympathetic ganglia innervating the heart.

text: Trimetaphan has a strong effect on the

text: cardiovascular system

text: .  The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.  Loss of sympathetic system input to the

text: blood vessel

text: s causes them to get larger (

text: vasodilation

text: ) which has the effect of lowering

text: blood pressure

text: Postural hypotension

text: is a common side effect of such drugs. Trimethaphan causes a histamine release which further lowers blood pressure. Effects on the

text: heart

text: include a decreased force of contraction and an increase in heart rate (

text: tachycardia

text: ). Reflexive tachycardia can be diminished or undetected because trimetaphan is also blocking the sympathetic ganglia innervating the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a side effect of trimethaphan?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Trimetaphan

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the heart, or the nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart include a decreased force of contraction and an increase in heart rate

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (tachycardia).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Trimetaphan

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: a decreased force of contraction and an increase in heart rate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lowering blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: trimetaphan is also blocking the sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: larger

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic ganglia

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Loss of sympathetic system input to the blood vessels causes them to get larger

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Trimetaphan has a strong effect on the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: decreased force of contraction and an increase in heart rate

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (vasodilation) which has the effect of lowering blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The size of blood vessels is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

text: Older, small breeds of dogs are prone to congestive heart failure due to degeneration of the mitral valve.  This condition is known to be inherited in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.  Degenerative valve disease is the most common form of heart disease in dogs.  Mitral insufficiency leads to turbulent blood flow and increased pressure in the left atrium.  This causes increased pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels and pulmonary edema (a build-up of fluid in the lungs).  Decreased output of blood by the left ventricle causes the body to compensate by increasing sympathetic tone and activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS).  Increased sympathetic tone leads to increased peripheral vascular resistance and increased heart rate and contractility of the heart muscle.  Chronic elevation of sympathetic tone damages the heart muscle.  Activation of the RAAS results in increased retention of water and sodium by the kidneys, vasoconstriction, and other effects that result in increased blood volume.  It also results in an increase in diastolic pressure and leads to pulmonary edema.  Treatment for congestive heart failure has historically focussed on two types of drugs that address these concerns: diuretics (especially furosemide), which decrease blood volume, and ACE inhibitors, which interrupt the RAAS. Recently, pimobendan - which increases the force with which the heart muscle contracts, and is also a vasodilator - is being more widely used in the treatment of congestive heart failure caused by valvular disease. A major veterinary study, called the QUEST study (QUality of life and Extension of Survival Time), published in September 2008 found that dogs with congestive heart failure receiving pimobendan plus furosemide had significantly better survival outcomes than those receiving benazepril (an ACE inhibitor) plus furosemide. However, ACE inhibitors and pimobendan have different mechanisms of action, and many veterinary cardiologists recommend they be used concurrently.

text: Older, small breeds of dogs are prone to

text: congestive heart failure

text: due to degeneration of the

text: mitral valve

text: .  This condition is known to be inherited in

text: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

text: s.  Degenerative valve disease is the most common form of heart disease in dogs.

text: Mitral insufficiency

text: leads to turbulent blood flow and increased pressure in the

text: left atrium

text: .  This causes increased pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels and

text: pulmonary edema

text: (a build-up of fluid in the lungs).  Decreased output of blood by the

text: left ventricle

text: causes the body to compensate by increasing

text: sympathetic tone

text: and activating the

text: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

text: (RAAS).  Increased sympathetic tone leads to increased

text: peripheral vascular resistance

text: and increased heart rate and

text: contractility

text: of the

text: heart muscle

text: .  Chronic elevation of sympathetic tone damages the heart muscle.  Activation of the RAAS results in increased retention of water and sodium by the kidneys,

text: vasoconstriction

text: , and other effects that result in increased blood volume.  It also results in an increase in

text: diastolic pressure

text: and leads to pulmonary edema.  Treatment for congestive heart failure has historically focussed on two types of drugs that address these concerns:

text: diuretic

text: s (especially

text: furosemide

text: ), which decrease blood volume, and

text: ACE inhibitor

text: s, which interrupt the RAAS. Recently,

text: pimobendan

text: - which increases the force with which the heart muscle contracts, and is also a vasodilator - is being more widely used in the treatment of

text: congestive heart failure

text: caused by valvular disease. A major veterinary study, called the QUEST study (QUality of life and Extension of Survival Time), published in September 2008 found that dogs with congestive heart failure receiving

text: pimobendan

text: plus

text: furosemide

text: had significantly better survival outcomes than those receiving

text: benazepril

text: (an

text: ACE inhibitor

text: ) plus

text: furosemide

text: . However, ACE inhibitors and pimobendan have different mechanisms of action, and many veterinary cardiologists recommend they be used concurrently.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Older, small breeds

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: mitral insufficiency or RAAS?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the most common form of heart disease in dogs?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left atrium carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of pimobendan?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Benazepril

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: mitral

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What causes increased pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels and pulmonary edema?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the most common form of heart disease in dogs

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries, or both?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of drug: furosemide, which decrease blood volume, or ACE inhibitors?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Older, small breeds

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: RAAS.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valvular disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary edema.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilator

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary edema.

text: Arteries () are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. While most arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this, the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.  The effective arterial blood volume is that extracellular fluid  which fills the arterial system.

text: Arteries () are

text: blood vessel

text: s that carry

text: blood

text: away from the

text: heart

text: . While most arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this, the

text: pulmonary

text: and the

text: umbilical arteries

text: .  The

text: effective arterial blood volume

text: is that

text: extracellular fluid

text: which fills the arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: pulmonary or umbilical?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: pulmonary, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: extracellular fluid

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: umbilical

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They do not carry oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: extracellular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: most arteries carry oxygenated blood,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries carry oxygenated blood,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Arteries

text: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries, is characterized by small Reynolds and Womersley numbers. A vessel of diameter of  with a flow of , viscosity of  for blood, density of  and a heart rate of , will have a Reynolds number of 0.005 and a Womersley number of 0.0126. At these small Reynolds and Womersley numbers, the viscous effects of the fluid become predominant. Understanding the movement of these particles is essential for drug delivery and studying metastasis movements of cancers.

text: Blood flow in small vessels, such as

text: capillaries

text: , is characterized by small

text: Reynolds

text: and

text: Womersley number

text: s. A vessel of diameter of  with a flow of , viscosity of  for blood,

text: density

text: of  and a heart rate of , will have a Reynolds number of 0.005 and a Womersley number of 0.0126. At these small Reynolds and Womersley numbers, the viscous effects of the fluid become predominant. Understanding the movement of these particles is essential for drug delivery and studying

text: metastasis

text: movements of cancers.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contraction: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does capillaries generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Reynolds number of 0.005

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Womersley number

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Womersley number

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow in small vessels is characterized by small Reynolds and Womersley numbers

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Reynolds number of 0.005

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Reynolds number of 0.005

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Blood flow

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: metastasis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: viscosity of for blood, density of and a heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: small Reynolds and Womersley numbers.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 0.0126.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood flow in small vessels, such as capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 0.0126.

text: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This is true of the systemic circulation, by far the larger of the two circuits of blood in the body, which transports oxygen from the heart to the tissues of the body.  However, in pulmonary circulation, the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and veins return blood from the lungs to the heart.  The difference between veins and arteries is their direction of flow (out of the heart by arteries, returning to the heart for veins), not their oxygen content.  In addition, deoxygenated blood that is carried from the tissues back to the heart for reoxygenation in systemic circulation still carries some oxygen, though it is considerably less than that carried by the systemic arteries or pulmonary veins.

text: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This is true of the systemic circulation, by far the larger of the two circuits of blood in the body, which transports oxygen from the heart to the tissues of the body.  However, in pulmonary circulation, the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and veins return blood from the lungs to the heart.  The difference between veins and arteries is their direction of flow (out of the heart by arteries, returning to the heart for veins), not their oxygen content.  In addition, deoxygenated blood that is carried from the tissues back to the heart for reoxygenation in systemic circulation still carries some oxygen, though it is considerably less than that carried by the systemic arteries or pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: deoxygenation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the difference between veins and arteries is their direction of flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: transports oxygen from the heart to the tissues

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulation,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: systemic circulation,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen content.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries, returning to the heart for veins),

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood

text: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and senses leptin and other feeding cues, but it is also very possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven in vitro. The DMH sends information to the ventrolateral preoptic area, locus coeruleus, and orexin neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness. The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH. The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH also plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress. The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) takes when it is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow from the sympathetic nervous system to the adrenal gland.

text: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and senses leptin and other feeding cues, but it is also very possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven in vitro. The DMH sends information to the ventrolateral preoptic area,

text: locus coeruleus

text: , and

text: orexin

text: neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness. The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH. The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH also plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress. The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) takes when it is secreted by the

text: paraventricular nucleus

text: of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow from the

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: to the

text: adrenal gland

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the DMH also play a role in the increase of blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the DMH involved in?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscimol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypothalamic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) or the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: autonomic nervous and endocrine systems.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsomedial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventrolateral preoptic area,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventrolateral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: air stress.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventrolateral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neuronal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: muscimol

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: flow from the sympathetic nervous system to the adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

text: The pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels. But if the heart begins to fail (a condition known as congestive heart failure) the pressure changes can cause very severe water retention. In this condition water retention is mostly visible in the legs, feet and ankles, but also collects in the lungs, where it causes a chronic cough. This condition is usually treated with diuretics, otherwise the water retention may cause breathing problems and additional stress on the heart.

text: The pumping force of the

text: heart

text: should help to keep a normal pressure within the

text: blood vessel

text: s. But if the

text: heart

text: begins to fail (a condition known as

text: congestive heart failure

text: ) the pressure changes can cause very severe water retention. In this condition water retention is mostly visible in the

text: leg

text: s, feet and

text: ankle

text: s, but also collects in the

text: lungs

text: , where it causes a chronic

text: cough

text: . This condition is usually treated with

text: diuretics

text: , otherwise the water retention may cause breathing problems and additional stress on the

text: heart

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congestive heart failure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the pumping force of the heart help to keep?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart pump?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the condition known as congestive heart failure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: diuretics

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: legs, feet and ankles,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pumping force

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: water retention.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The pumping force

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: legs, feet and ankles,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: congestive heart failure)

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart should help to keep a normal pressure within the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The pumping force of the heart should help to keep a normal pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congestive heart failure)

text: In Western medicine, patients are sometimes advised to adhere to a vegetarian diet. According to studies by the Permanente Journal and the National Institute for Health (NIH), vegetarian diets are affordable and can help reduce health risks like high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol levels. A plant based diet has the potential to lower the risk of heart disease as well as reducing the amount of medications prescribed in instances of chronic illness. A change to a plant based diet, or vegetarianism, has had dramatic positive effects on the health of patients with chronic illnesses, significantly more than exercise alone Vegetarian diets have been used as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, but the evidence is inconclusive whether this is effective.Certain alternative medicines, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, prescribe a vegetarian diet as a normal procedure. Maya Tiwari notes that Ayurveda recommends small portions of meat for some people, though "the rules of hunting and killing the animal, practiced by the native peoples, were very specific and detailed". Now that such methods of hunting and killing are not observed, she does not recommend the use of "any animal meat as food, not even for the Vata types".

text: In

text: Western medicine

text: , patients are sometimes advised to adhere to a vegetarian diet. According to studies by the Permanente Journal and the

text: National Institute for Health

text: (NIH), vegetarian diets are affordable and can help reduce health risks like high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol levels. A plant based diet has the potential to lower the risk of heart disease as well as reducing the amount of medications prescribed in instances of chronic illness. A change to a plant based diet, or vegetarianism, has had dramatic positive effects on the health of patients with chronic illnesses, significantly more than exercise alone Vegetarian diets have been used as a treatment for

text: rheumatoid arthritis

text: , but the evidence is inconclusive whether this is effective.Certain

text: alternative medicine

text: s, such as

text: Ayurveda

text: and

text: Siddha

text: , prescribe a vegetarian diet as a normal procedure.

text: Maya Tiwari

text: notes that

text: Ayurveda

text: recommends small portions of meat for some people, though "the rules of hunting and killing the animal, practiced by the native peoples, were very specific and detailed". Now that such methods of hunting and killing are not observed, she does not recommend the use of "any animal meat as food, not even for the Vata types".

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk: high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, or cholesterol levels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol levels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Ayurveda and Siddha

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reducing the amount of medications prescribed in instances of chronic illness

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol levels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Ayurveda and Siddha,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medications

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol

text: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined. Blood vessels depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate blood flow. The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is narrowing of the blood vessels. As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with the development of blood vessel abnormalities, such as capillary basement membrane thickening and endothelial hyperplasia, which contribute to diminished oxygen tension and hypoxia. Neuronal ischemia is a well-established characteristic of diabetic neuropathy. Blood vessel opening agents (e.g., ACE inhibitors, α1-antagonists) can lead to substantial improvements in neuronal blood flow, with corresponding improvements in nerve conduction velocities. Thus, small blood vessel dysfunction occurs early in diabetes, parallels the progression of neural dysfunction, and may be sufficient to support the severity of structural, functional, and clinical changes observed in diabetic neuropathy.

text: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined.

text: Blood vessel

text: s depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate

text: blood flow

text: . The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is

text: narrowing of the blood vessels

text: . As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with the development of blood vessel abnormalities, such as

text: capillary

text: basement membrane

text: thickening and endothelial hyperplasia, which contribute to diminished

text: oxygen tension

text: and

text: hypoxia

text: Neuronal ischemia

text: is a well-established characteristic of diabetic neuropathy.

text: Blood vessel opening

text: agents (e.g.,

text: ACE inhibitor

text: s, α1-antagonists) can lead to substantial improvements in neuronal

text: blood flow

text: , with corresponding improvements in

text: nerve conduction velocities

text: . Thus, small blood vessel dysfunction occurs early in diabetes, parallels the progression of neural dysfunction, and may be sufficient to support the severity of structural, functional, and clinical changes observed in diabetic neuropathy.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetic neuropathy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel abnormality: capillary basement membrane thickening or endothelial hyperplasia?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the first pathological change in the small blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does capillary basement membrane thickening contribute to?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can lead to substantial improvements in neuronal blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillary basement membrane

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE inhibitors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary basement membrane

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillary basement membrane thickening

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is the first pathological change in the small blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the first pathological change in the small blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel abnormality: capillary basement membrane thickening or endothelial hyperplasia?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the first pathological change in the small blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Neuronal ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: nerves

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: endothelial hyperplasia,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ACE inhibitors, <unk>1-antagonists)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: diminished oxygen tension and hypoxia.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood vessel opening agents

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: nerves depend on adequate blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE inhibitors, <unk>1-antagonists)

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary basement membrane

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillary basement membrane thickening

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: capillary basement membrane thickening

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: opening

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels.

text: The classical findings on a chest X-ray will be widened mediastinum, apical cap, and displacement of the trachea, left main bronchus, or nasogastric tube. A normal chest x-ray does not exclude transection, but will diagnose conditions such as pneumothorax or hydrothorax. The aorta may also be torn at the point where it is connected to the heart.  The aorta may be completely torn away from the heart, but patients with such injuries rarely survive  very long after the injury; thus it is much more common for hospital staff to treat patients with partially torn aortas. When the aorta is partially torn, it may form a "pseudoaneurysm".  In patients who do live long enough to be seen in a hospital, a majority have only a partially torn blood vessel, with the outermost adventitial layer still intact.  In some of these patients, the adventitia and nearby structures within the chest may serve to prevent severe bleeding. After trauma, the aorta can be assessed by a CT angiogram or a direct angiogram, in which contrast is introduced into the aorta via a catheter.

text: The classical findings on a chest X-ray will be widened mediastinum, apical cap, and displacement of the trachea, left main bronchus, or nasogastric tube. A normal chest x-ray does not exclude transection, but will diagnose conditions such as pneumothorax or hydrothorax. The aorta may also be torn at the point where it is connected to the heart.  The aorta may be completely torn away from the heart, but patients with such injuries rarely survive  very long after the injury; thus it is much more common for hospital staff to treat patients with partially torn aortas. When the aorta is partially torn, it may form a "pseudoaneurysm".  In patients who do live long enough to be seen in a hospital, a majority have only a partially torn blood vessel, with the outermost

text: adventitial

text: layer still intact.  In some of these patients, the adventitia and nearby structures within the chest may serve to prevent severe

text: bleeding

text: . After trauma, the aorta can be assessed by a CT angiogram or a direct angiogram, in which contrast is introduced into the aorta via a catheter.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: mediastinal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: mediastinum

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: widened mediastinum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: mediastinum

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the aorta, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not connected to the heart: the aorta, the ventricles, or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the result of blood vessels dilating?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortas

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The aorta may also be torn

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the adventitia and nearby structures within the chest may serve to prevent severe bleeding?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which blood vessel has thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the adventitia and nearby structures within the chest may serve to prevent?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "pseudoaneurysm".

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left main bronchus,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "pseudoaneurysm".

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pneumothorax or hydrothorax.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: partially torn blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: catheter.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: adventitial layer

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The aorta

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: connected to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: outermost adventitial layer

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: partially torn blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart.

text: Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria.  Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: mitral stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: birth defects

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What kind of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ASD

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood passes from the umbilical cord to the left atrium

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: With Lutembacher's syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: mitral valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lungs, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: mitral stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left atrium and ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: rheumatic fever

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart damage or disorders

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygenated from the placenta.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: ASD primium.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: septum primium closes the foramen ovale

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: flap of tissue

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: flap of tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: mitral stenosis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: infectious.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: mitral stenosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: ASD primium.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ASD primium.

text: Each year 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world. The World Heart Federation exists to prevent and control these diseases through awareness campaigns and action, promoting the exchange of information, ideas and science among those involved in cardiovascular care, advocating for disease prevention and control by promoting healthy diets, physical activity and tobacco free living at an individual, community and policy maker level.

text: Each year 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world. The World Heart Federation exists to prevent and control these diseases through awareness campaigns and action, promoting the exchange of information, ideas and science among those involved in cardiovascular care, advocating for disease prevention and control by promoting healthy diets, physical activity and tobacco free living at an individual, community and policy maker level.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tobacco

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the World Heart Federation advocate for?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the World Heart Federation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does the World Heart Federation do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: promoting healthy diets, physical activity and tobacco free living

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world. The World Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tobacco

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The World Heart Federation

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The World Heart Federation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: science

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Each year 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The World Heart Federation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The World Heart Federation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 80% in the developing world.

text: There are strong, consistent, and graded relationships between saturated fat intake, blood cholesterol levels, and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease.  The relationships are accepted as causal. Abnormal blood lipid levels, that is high total cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad" cholesterol) or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL, "good" cholesterol) cholesterol are all associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

text: There are strong, consistent, and graded relationships between saturated fat intake,

text: blood cholesterol

text: levels, and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease.  The relationships are accepted as causal. Abnormal blood lipid levels, that is high total cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides, high levels of

text: low-density lipoprotein

text: (LDL, "bad" cholesterol) or low levels of

text: high-density lipoprotein

text: (HDL, "good" cholesterol) cholesterol are all associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the primary function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the relationship between blood lipid levels and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: LDL

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: high in cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high total cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: triglycerides,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (HDL,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart disease and stroke.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: triglycerides,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood cholesterol levels, and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: There are strong, consistent, and graded relationships

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood cholesterol levels, and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: triglycerides,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: stroke.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There are strong, consistent, and graded relationships between saturated fat intake,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (HDL,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood cholesterol levels, and the mass occurrence of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Abnormal blood lipid levels,

text: In each of these two types of shockable cardiac arrhythmia, the heart is electrically active, but in a dysfunctional pattern that does not allow it to pump and circulate blood.  In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to effectively pump blood. Ultimately, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation.  In ventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing the ventricle from effectively pumping blood. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, and will eventually reach asystole.

text: In each of these two types of shockable

text: cardiac arrhythmia

text: , the heart is electrically active, but in a dysfunctional pattern that does not allow it to pump and circulate blood.  In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to effectively pump blood. Ultimately, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation.  In ventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing the

text: ventricle

text: from effectively pumping blood. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, and will eventually reach

text: asystole

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: asystole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart beats too fast

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or asystole?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart pump?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or asystole?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not pump blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiac arrhythmia: ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of arrhythmia?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: circulate blood.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventricular fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: asystole.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricular fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: ventricular fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrically

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ventricular fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventricular fibrillation.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ventricular tachycardia,

text: Heart Beats features a mixture of ballads and up-tempo pop songs. In terms of musical direction, Im attempted to avoid going for one particular sound as she wanted Heart Beats "to be an album that people of all generations can listen to, not just the younger generation". She described the album as having different moods that show who she is as a person and as an artist. The album's opening track "Super Love" is an up-tempo dance-pop and synthpop song, with lyrics that represent Im's love for her husband Noah Kim and "the many other aspects of life that evoke" love. Jake Cleland of The Vine compared "Super Love" to David Guetta's work, Avicii's "Wake Me Up" (2013) and Katy Perry's "Firework" (2010). The second song "Gladiator" is a mid-tempo pop ballad that explores the theme of female empowerment, as Im sings about the need to make a man fall in love with her by fighting for his love "like a gladiator". Several critics also compared "Gladiator" to Perry's work. The sixth track, "Speak Up", is Im's favourite track on the album. It is a ballad that she says "really explores all the vocal ranges". Lyrically, the song is about "speaking out" and "showing the world who [she] is as a person".  The seventh track on Heart Beats is Im's cover version of the 2010 Macy Gray song "Beauty in the World". The tenth track "Heart Beats Again" was solely written by Im.

text: Heart Beats features a mixture of

text: ballads

text: and

text: up-tempo

text: pop

text: songs. In terms of musical direction, Im attempted to avoid going for one particular sound as she wanted Heart Beats "to be an album that people of all generations can listen to, not just the younger generation". She described the album as having different moods that show who she is as a person and as an artist. The album's opening track "

text: Super Love

text: " is an up-tempo

text: dance-pop

text: and

text: synthpop

text: song, with lyrics that represent Im's love for her husband Noah Kim and "the many other aspects of life that evoke" love. Jake Cleland of The Vine compared "Super Love" to

text: David Guetta

text: 's work,

text: Avicii

text: 's "

text: Wake Me Up

text: " (2013) and

text: Katy Perry

text: 's "

text: Firework

text: " (2010). The second song "

text: Gladiator

text: " is a

text: mid-tempo

text: pop ballad that explores the theme of female empowerment, as Im sings about the need to make a man fall in love with her by fighting for his love "like a

text: gladiator

text: ". Several critics also compared "Gladiator" to Perry's work. The sixth track, "Speak Up", is Im's favourite track on the album. It is a ballad that she says "really explores all the vocal ranges". Lyrically, the song is about "speaking out" and "showing the world who [she] is as a person".  The seventh track on Heart Beats is Im's cover version of the 2010

text: Macy Gray

text: song "

text: Beauty in the World

text: ". The tenth track "

text: Heart Beats Again

text: " was solely written by Im.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many times does the heart beat?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the first song on Heart Beats?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the album's opening track "Super Love" represent?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the song "Gladiator" describe female empowerment?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: What is the first song on Heart Beats?

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of what?

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: What are the tissues that make up blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: What is the first song on Heart Beats?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein that leads to the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a valve to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle or the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: fighting for his love

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: younger generation".

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: "Speak Up",

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: "Heart Beats Again" was solely written by Im.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: fighting for his love "like a gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: "Speak Up",

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: "Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: "Gladiator"

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: "Heart Beat

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: love "like a gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: "like a gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: fighting for his love "like a gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: "Speak Up",

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: fighting for his love "like a gladiator".

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 2010 Macy Gray song "Beauty in the World".

text: Endothelins are peptides that constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. They are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when they are over-expressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart disease.

text: Endothelins are peptides that constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. They are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when they are over-expressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (

text: hypertension

text: ) and heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of peptide: endothelins or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of peptide: endothelins or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: endothelin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: constricted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelins do not constrict blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Endothelins

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Endothelins

text: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation. Damage, due to trauma or spontaneously, may lead to hemorrhage due to mechanical damage to the vessel endothelium. In contrast, occlusion of the blood vessel by atherosclerotic plaque, by an embolised blood clot or a foreign body leads to downstream ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and possibly necrosis.  Vessel occlusion tends to be a positive feedback system; an occluded vessel creates eddies in the normally laminar flow or plug flow blood currents.  These eddies create abnormal fluid velocity gradients which push blood elements such as cholesterol or chylomicron bodies to the endothelium.  These deposit onto the arterial walls which are already partially occluded and build upon the blockage.

text: Blood vessel permeability is increased in

text: inflammation

text: . Damage, due to

text: trauma

text: or spontaneously, may lead to

text: hemorrhage

text: due to mechanical damage to the vessel endothelium. In contrast, occlusion of the blood vessel by atherosclerotic plaque, by an

text: embolised

text: blood clot

text: or a foreign body leads to downstream

text: ischemia

text: (insufficient blood supply) and possibly

text: necrosis

text: .  Vessel occlusion tends to be a positive feedback system; an occluded vessel creates eddies in the normally

text: laminar flow

text: or

text: plug flow

text: blood currents.  These eddies create abnormal fluid velocity gradients which push blood elements such as cholesterol or

text: chylomicron

text: bodies to the endothelium.  These deposit onto the arterial walls which are already partially occluded and build upon the blockage.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood elements such as cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does ischemia (insufficient blood supply) lead to?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why is blood vessel permeability increased in inflammation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: occluded

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: occlusion tends to be a positive feedback system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not caused by occlusion of the blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does occlusion of the blood vessel mean?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atherosclerotic plaque, by an embolised blood clot or a foreign body?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why is blood vessel permeability increased in inflammation?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a positive feedback system?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterial walls

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: downstream ischemia

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endothelium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: downstream ischemia

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and possibly necrosis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelium.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (insufficient blood supply)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: laminar

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: plug flow blood currents.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: occlusion of the blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: occlusion

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood vessel permeability is increased in inflammation.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: occlusion of the blood vessel by atherosclerotic plaque,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterial walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: occlusion of the blood vessel by atherosclerotic plaque,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerotic plaque,

text: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately  of blood in a  horse, which equates to about 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

text: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately  of blood in a  horse, which equates to about 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atria, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the horse?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the horse's heart work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not contain blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a left and a right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: horse,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart and blood vessels contain approximately of blood in a horse,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 76 ml/kg

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 76 ml/kg (1.2 oz/lb).

text: There are two mechanisms that contribute to pressure ulcer development: (1) external pressure that compresses blood vessels and (2) friction and shearing forces that tear and injure blood vessels. External pressure applied over an area of the body, especially over the bony prominences can result in obstruction of the blood capillaries, which deprives tissues of oxygen and nutrients, causing ischemia(deficiency of blood in a particular area), hypoxia(inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells), edema, inflammation, and, finally, necrosis and ulcer formation. Ulcers due to external pressure occur over the sacrum and coccyx, followed by the trochanter and the calcaneus(heel).Friction is damaging to the superficial blood vessels directly under the skin. It occurs when two surfaces rub against each other. The skin over the elbows and can be injured due to friction. The back can also be injured when patients are pulled or slid over bed sheets while being moved up in bed or transferred onto a stretcher.A shear is a separation of the skin from underlying tissues. When a patient is partially sitting up in bed, their skin may stick to the sheet, making them susceptible to shearing in case underlying tissues move downward with the body toward the foot of the bed. This may also be possible on a patient who slides down while sitting in a chair.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sacrum

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pressure ulcers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the sacrum, the trochanter, or the calcaneus?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: capillaries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not caused by external pressure: friction and shearing forces that tear and injure blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: external pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: external pressure

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: external pressure applied over an area of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not caused by obstruction of the blood capillaries: ischemia or hypoxia?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not caused by external pressure: external pressure that compresses blood vessels or external pressure that compresses blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the sacrum, the trochanter, or the calcaneus?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not caused by external pressure: external pressure that compresses blood vessels or friction and shearing forces that tear and injure blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia(deficiency

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia(deficiency

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sacrum and coccyx,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia(deficiency

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: friction and shearing forces

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: trochanter and the calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: calcaneus(heel).Friction

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: external pressure that compresses blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: external pressure that compresses blood vessels

text: Hypertension is the chronic condition where the blood pressure is elevated beyond normal levels that vary among individuals. Theelevated levels in blood pressure increases the systemic vascular pressure, which increases the workload of the heart. The mechanical stress on the heart initiates a protein cascade involving G-proteins, cyclic-AMP and PKA that result in activation of genes that make cardiac muscle cells grow. The increased stress on the heart causes the heart to enlarge to accommodate the workload. However, the enlarged heart also needs structural support, which is why it produces scarring. The enlargement of the heart can make it hard for some cells to get nutrients because they are too distant from the blood vessels. Also, scarring can interfere with the electrical signals that cause the heart to contract and it also limits the ability of the heart to contract and relax. In both cases there is an increase risk of heart failure.

text: Hypertension is the chronic condition where the

text: blood pressure

text: is elevated beyond normal levels that vary among individuals. Theelevated levels in blood pressure increases the systemic vascular pressure, which increases the workload of the heart. The

text: mechanical stress

text: on the heart initiates a protein cascade involving

text: G-proteins

text: cyclic-AMP

text: and

text: PKA

text: that result in activation of genes that make

text: cardiac muscle cell

text: s grow. The increased stress on the heart causes the

text: heart to enlarge

text: to accommodate the workload. However, the enlarged heart also needs structural support, which is why it produces scarring. The

text: enlargement of the heart

text: can make it hard for some cells to get nutrients because they are too distant from the blood vessels. Also, scarring can interfere with the electrical signals that cause the heart to contract and it also limits the ability of the heart to contract and relax. In both cases there is an increase risk of

text: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a protein cascade involving G-proteins, cyclic-AMP and PKA?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of increased stress on the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cells to get nutrients because they are too distant from the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: scarring can interfere with the electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: scarring.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiac muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: scarring.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hypertension

text: Immediately after a blood vessel is breached, ruptured cell membranes release inflammatory factors like thromboxanes and prostaglandins that cause the vessel to spasm to prevent blood loss and to collect inflammatory cells and factors in the area. This vasoconstriction lasts five to ten minutes and is followed by vasodilation, a widening of blood vessels, which peaks at about 20 minutes post-wounding. Vasodilation is the end result of factors released by platelets and other cells. The main factor involved in causing vasodilation is histamine. Histamine also causes blood vessels to become porous, allowing the tissue to become edematous because proteins from the bloodstream leak into the extravascular space, which increases its osmolar load and draws water into the area. Increased porosity of blood vessels also facilitates the entry of inflammatory cells like leukocytes into the wound site from the bloodstream.

text: Immediately after a

text: blood vessel

text: is breached, ruptured

text: cell membrane

text: s release inflammatory factors like

text: thromboxane

text: s and

text: prostaglandin

text: s that cause the vessel to spasm to prevent blood loss and to collect inflammatory cells and factors in the area. This

text: vasoconstriction

text: lasts five to ten minutes and is followed by

text: vasodilation

text: , a widening of blood vessels, which peaks at about 20 minutes post-wounding. Vasodilation is the end result of factors released by platelets and other cells. The main factor involved in causing vasodilation is

text: histamine

text: . Histamine also causes blood vessels to become porous, allowing the tissue to become

text: edema

text: tous because proteins from the bloodstream leak into the extravascular space, which increases its osmolar load and draws water into the area. Increased

text: porosity

text: of blood vessels also facilitates the entry of inflammatory cells like

text: leukocyte

text: s into the wound site from the

text: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: extravascular space

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessel breached

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main factor involved in causing vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the main factor involved in causing vasodilation?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does vasodilation do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets and other cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The main factor involved in causing vasodilation is histamine.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main factor involved in causing vasodilation?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: edematous

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Immediately after a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: thromboxanes and prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Immediately after a blood vessel is breached,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: histamine.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vasodilation, a widening of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vasodilation, a widening of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: histamine.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel is breached,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: edematous

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: thromboxanes and prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thromboxanes and prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: porous,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: histamine.

text: In principle one would expect dinosaurs to have had two-part circulations driven by four-chambered hearts, since many would have needed high blood pressure to deliver blood to their heads, which were high off the ground, but vertebrate lungs can only tolerate fairly low blood pressure. In 2000, a skeleton of Thescelosaurus, now on display at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, was described as including the remnants of a four-chambered heart and an aorta. The authors interpreted the structure of the heart as indicating an elevated metabolic rate for Thescelosaurus, not reptilian cold-bloodedness. Their conclusions have been disputed; other researchers published a paper where they assert that the heart is really a concretion of entirely mineral "cement". As they note: the anatomy given for the object is incorrect, for example the alleged "aorta" is narrowest where it meets the "heart" and lacks arteries branching from it; the "heart" partially engulfs one of the ribs and has an internal structure of concentric layers in some places; and another concretion is preserved behind the right leg. The original authors defended their position; they agreed that the chest did contain a type of concretion, but one that had formed around and partially preserved the more muscular portions of the heart and aorta.

text: In principle one would expect dinosaurs to have had two-part circulations driven by four-chambered hearts, since many would have needed high blood pressure to deliver blood to their heads, which were high off the ground, but vertebrate lungs can only tolerate fairly low blood pressure. In 2000, a skeleton of

text: Thescelosaurus

text: , now on display at the

entity_name: North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences

text: North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences

text: , was described as including the remnants of a four-chambered

text: heart

text: and an

text: aorta

text: . The authors interpreted the structure of the heart as indicating an elevated

text: metabolic rate

text: for Thescelosaurus, not

text: reptilian

text: cold-blooded

text: ness. Their conclusions have been disputed; other researchers published a paper where they assert that the heart is really a

text: concretion

text: of entirely mineral "cement". As they note: the anatomy given for the object is incorrect, for example the alleged "aorta" is narrowest where it meets the "heart" and lacks

text: arteries

text: branching from it; the "heart" partially engulfs one of the ribs and has an internal structure of concentric layers in some places; and another concretion is preserved behind the right leg. The original authors defended their position; they agreed that the chest did contain a type of concretion, but one that had formed around and partially preserved the more muscular portions of the heart and aorta.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: head

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: fourth

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: elevated metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chambers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart: ventricles, atria, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why would dinosaurs need high blood pressure to deliver blood to their heads

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would have needed high blood pressure to deliver blood to their heads

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lacks arteries branching from it

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of concretion: aorta, heart, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heads,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four-chambered hearts,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: vertebrate lungs can only tolerate fairly low blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: four-chambered hearts,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vertebrate lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries branching from it;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four-chambered hearts,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: four-chambered hearts,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: four-chambered hearts,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: narrowest where it meets the "heart"

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: elevated metabolic rate for Thescelosaurus,

text: Recent studies claim that obesity is a risk factor for hypertension because of activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in adipose tissue, and also linked renin-angiotensin system with insulin resistance, and claims that anyone can cause the other. Local production of angiotensin II in various tissues, including the blood vessels, heart, adrenals, and brain, is controlled by ACE and other enzymes, including the serine protease chymase. The activity of local renin–angiotensin systems and alternative pathways of angiotensin II formation may make an important contribution to remodeling of resistance vessels and the development of target organ damage (i.e. left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, stroke, end-stage kidney disease, myocardial infarction, and arterial aneurysm) in hypertensive persons.

text: Recent studies claim that obesity is a risk factor for hypertension because of activation of the

text: renin-angiotensin system

text: (RAS) in

text: adipose tissue

text: , and also linked

text: renin-angiotensin system

text: with

text: insulin resistance

text: , and claims that anyone can cause the other. Local production of

text: angiotensin II

text: in various tissues, including the

text: blood vessels

text: heart

text: adrenals

text: , and

text: brain

text: , is controlled by

text: ACE

text: and other

text: enzyme

text: s, including the

text: serine protease

text: chymase

text: . The activity of local renin–angiotensin systems and alternative pathways of angiotensin II formation may make an important contribution to remodeling of resistance

text: vessel

text: s and the development of target organ damage (i.e.

text: left ventricular hypertrophy

text: congestive heart failure

text: atherosclerosis

text: stroke

text: end-stage kidney disease

text: myocardial infarction

text: , and

text: arterial aneurysm

text: ) in hypertensive persons.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue, including the blood vessels, heart, adrenals, and brain, is controlled by ACE?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue: blood vessels, heart, adrenals, and brain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: adipose tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: ACE and other enzymes, including the serine protease chymase

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a tissue: blood vessels, heart, adrenals, and brain?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial aneurysm)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Local production of angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: left ventricular hypertrophy,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Local production of angiotensin II

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis,

text: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) report Prevention of cardiovascular disease declared that 40,000 cardiovascular disease deaths in 2006 were "mostly preventable". To achieve this, NICE offered 24 recommendations including product labelling, public education, protecting under–16s from marketing of unhealthy foods, promoting exercise and physically active travel, and even reforming the Common Agricultural Policy to reduce production of unhealthy foods. Fast-food outlets were mentioned as a risk factor, with (in 2007) 170 g of McDonald's fries and 160 g nuggets containing 6 to 8 g of trans fats, conferring a substantially increased risk of coronary heart disease death. NICE made three specific recommendation for diet: (1) reduction of dietary salt to 3 g per day by 2025; (2) halving consumption of saturated fats; and (3) eliminating the use of industrially produced trans fatty acids in food. However, the recommendations were greeted unhappily by the food industry, which stated that it was already voluntarily dropping the trans fat levels to below the WHO recommendations of a maximum of 2%.

text: The June 2010

entity_name: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

text: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

text: (NICE) report Prevention of cardiovascular disease declared that 40,000 cardiovascular disease deaths in 2006 were "mostly preventable". To achieve this, NICE offered 24 recommendations including product labelling, public education, protecting under–16s from marketing of unhealthy foods, promoting exercise and physically active travel, and even reforming the

text: Common Agricultural Policy

text: to reduce production of unhealthy foods. Fast-food outlets were mentioned as a risk factor, with (in 2007) 170 g of

text: McDonald's

text: fries and 160 g nuggets containing 6 to 8 g of trans fats, conferring a substantially increased risk of coronary heart disease death. NICE made three specific recommendation for diet: (1) reduction of dietary salt to 3 g per day by 2025; (2) halving consumption of saturated fats; and (3) eliminating the use of industrially produced trans fatty acids in food. However, the recommendations were greeted unhappily by the food industry, which stated that it was already voluntarily dropping the trans fat levels to below the WHO recommendations of a maximum of 2%.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Fast-food outlets

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many g of trans fats were mentioned as a risk factor?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease: fast-food outlets, fast-food outlets, or McDonald's fries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: trans fats

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fast-food outlets were mentioned as a risk factor

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What does the passage of blood through the heart mean?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Fast-food outlets

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: trans fatty acids

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 40,000 cardiovascular disease deaths in 2006 were "mostly preventable".

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The June 2010 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Fast-food outlets

text: Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal ductus venosus and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the rest enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the foramen ovale), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation.

text: Blood from the

text: placenta

text: is carried to the

text: fetus

text: by the

text: umbilical vein

text: . In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal

text: ductus venosus

text: and is carried to the

text: inferior vena cava

text: , while the rest enters the

text: liver

text: proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the

text: umbilical vein

text: that supplies the right

text: lobe

text: of the

text: liver

text: first joins with the

text: portal vein

text: . The blood then moves to the

text: right atrium

text: of the

text: heart

text: . In the fetus, there is an opening between the

text: right

text: and

text: left atrium

text: (the

text: foramen ovale

text: ), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing

text: pulmonary circulation

text: . The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is

text: pump

text: ed through the

text: aorta

text: into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the

text: internal iliac arteries

text: to the

text: umbilical arteries

text: , and re-enters the

text: placenta

text: , where

text: carbon dioxide

text: and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: internal iliac arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first join with?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right atrium of the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: internal iliac arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: internal iliac arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: carbon dioxide and other waste products

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: umbilical vein.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right and left atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: (the foramen ovale),

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: portal vein.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: umbilical vein.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left atrium from the right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries to the umbilical arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: umbilical vein.

text: The acute effects of marijuana use in humans include a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, typically accompanied by a mild increase in blood pressure while lying down and and postural hypotension - a drop on blood pressure when standing up. These effects may vary depending on the relative concentration of the many different cannabinoids that can affect the cardiovascular function, such as cannabigerol. Smoking marijuana decreases exercise tolerance. Cardiovascular effects may not lead to serious health issues for the majority of young, healthy users; on the contrary, heart attack, that is myocardial infarction, stroke, and other adverse cardiovascular events have occurred in association with its use. Using Marijuana for people with cardiovascular disease constitutes a health risk because it can lead to increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, impaired blood oxygen carrying capacity due to the production of carboxyhemoglobin.

text: The acute effects of marijuana use in humans include a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, typically accompanied by a mild increase in blood pressure while lying down and and

text: postural hypotension

text: - a drop on blood pressure when standing up. These effects may vary depending on the relative concentration of the many different

text: cannabinoids

text: that can affect the cardiovascular function, such as

text: cannabigerol

text: . Smoking marijuana decreases exercise tolerance. Cardiovascular effects may not lead to serious health issues for the majority of young, healthy users; on the contrary, heart attack, that is

text: myocardial infarction

text: stroke

text: , and other adverse cardiovascular events have occurred in association with its use. Using Marijuana for people with cardiovascular disease constitutes a health risk because it can lead to increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, impaired blood oxygen carrying capacity due to the production of

text: carboxyhemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: postural hypotension

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary infarction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Using Marijuana

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular effects may not lead to serious health issues for the majority of young, healthy users?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a health risk because it can lead to increased cardiac work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Catecholamine levels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cannabigerol

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many different cannabinoids can affect the cardiovascular function?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carboxyhemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart attack, that is myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, impaired blood oxygen carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: a mild increase in blood pressure while lying down and and postural hypotension

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardial infarction,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cannabigerol.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: healthy

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure while lying down and and postural hypotension

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: myocardial infarction, stroke, and other adverse cardiovascular events

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure while lying down and and postural hypotension

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: myocardial infarction, stroke,

text: Microcirculation is the circulation of the blood in the smallest blood vessels, present in the vasculature embedded within organ tissues. This contrasts with macrocirculation, which is the circulation of blood to and from the organs. The microcirculation is composed of terminal arterioles, capillaries, and venules that drain capillary blood.  The vessels on the arterial side of the microcirculation are called the arterioles, which are well innervated, are surrounded by smooth muscle cells, and are 10-100 µm in diameter.  Arterioles carry the blood to the capillaries, which are not innervated, have no smooth muscle, and are about 5-8 µm in diameter.  Blood flows out of the capillaries into the venules, which have little smooth muscle and are 10-200 µm.  The blood flows from the venules into the veins.  In addition to these blood vessels, the microcirculation also includes lymphatic capillaries and collecting ducts. The main functions of the microcirculation are the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of carbon dioxide (CO). It also serves to regulate blood flow and tissue perfusion thereby affecting blood pressure and responses to inflammation which can include edema (swelling).

text: Microcirculation is the

text: circulation

text: of the

text: blood

text: in the smallest

text: blood vessel

text: s, present in the vasculature embedded within

text: organ

text: tissues

text: . This contrasts with macrocirculation, which is the circulation of blood to and from the organs. The microcirculation is composed of terminal

text: arteriole

text: s,

text: capillaries

text: , and

text: venule

text: s that drain capillary blood.  The vessels on the arterial side of the microcirculation are called the arterioles, which are well innervated, are surrounded by

text: smooth muscle

text: cells, and are 10-100

text: µm

text: in diameter.  Arterioles carry the blood to the capillaries, which are not innervated, have no smooth muscle, and are about 5-8 µm in diameter.  Blood flows out of the capillaries into the venules, which have little smooth muscle and are 10-200 µm.  The blood flows from the venules into the

text: veins

text: .  In addition to these blood vessels, the microcirculation also includes

text: lymphatic capillaries

text: and collecting ducts. The main functions of the microcirculation are the delivery of

text: oxygen

text: and nutrients and the removal of

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO). It also serves to regulate blood flow and tissue perfusion thereby affecting blood pressure and responses to

text: inflammation

text: which can include

text: edema

text: (swelling).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: macrocirculation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atria, capillaries, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arterioles, capillaries, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the arterioles?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the main function of the microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels: delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Organ tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: innervated

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What is the difference between macrocirculation and microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main function of the microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, capillaries, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: edema

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: macrocirculation,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: macrocirculation,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: terminal arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: edema

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: edema (swelling).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: macrocirculation,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle cells,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: organ tissues.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: not innervated,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The blood flows from the venules into the veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Microcirculation

text: There are substantial positive associations between health and SWB so that people who rate their general health as "good" or "excellent" tend to experience better SWB compared to those who rate their health as "fair" or "poor". A meta-analysis found that self-ratings of general health were more strongly related to SWB than physician ratings of health. The relationship between health and SWB may be bidirectional. There is evidence that good subjective well-being contributes to better health.A review of longitudinal studies found that measures of baseline subjective well-being constructs such as optimism and positive affect predicted longer-term health status and mortality. Conversely, a number of studies found that baseline depression predicted poorer longer-term health status and mortality. Baseline health may well have a causal influence on subjective well-being so causality is difficult to establish.A number of studies found that positive emotions and optimism had a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health and on immune functioning. Changes in mood are also known to be associated with changes in immune and cardiovascular response.There is evidence that interventions that are successful in improving subjective well-being can have beneficial effects on aspects of health. For example, meditation and relaxation training have been found to increase positive affect and to reduce blood pressure. The effect of specific types of subjective well-being is not entirely clear. For example, how durable the effects of mood and emotions on health are  remains unclear. Whether some types of subjective well-being predict health independently of others is also unclear. Another example that relates back to mediation and relaxation training consists of going to church. Howard Mumford Jones shows that churches are a place where people feel like they belong. Meditation has the power to increase happiness because it can improve self-confidence and reduces anxiety, which increases your well-being. Cultivating personal strengths and resources, like humour, social/animal company, and daily occupations, also appears to help people preserve acceptable levels of SWB despite the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

text: There are substantial positive associations between

text: health

text: and SWB so that people who rate their general health as "good" or "excellent" tend to experience better SWB compared to those who rate their health as "fair" or "poor". A meta-analysis found that self-ratings of general health were more strongly related to SWB than physician ratings of health. The relationship between health and SWB may be bidirectional. There is evidence that good subjective well-being contributes to better health.A review of longitudinal studies found that measures of baseline subjective well-being constructs such as

text: optimism

text: and positive affect predicted longer-term health status and mortality. Conversely, a number of studies found that baseline

text: depression

text: predicted poorer longer-term health status and mortality. Baseline health may well have a causal influence on subjective well-being so causality is difficult to establish.A number of studies found that positive emotions and optimism had a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health and on immune functioning. Changes in mood are also known to be associated with changes in immune and cardiovascular response.There is evidence that interventions that are successful in improving subjective well-being can have beneficial effects on aspects of health. For example,

text: meditation

text: and

text: relaxation training

text: have been found to increase positive affect and to reduce blood pressure. The effect of specific types of subjective well-being is not entirely clear. For example, how durable the effects of mood and emotions on health are  remains unclear. Whether some types of subjective well-being predict health independently of others is also unclear. Another example that relates back to mediation and relaxation training consists of going to church.

text: Howard Mumford Jones

text: shows that churches are a place where people feel like they belong. Meditation has the power to increase happiness because it can improve self-confidence and reduces anxiety, which increases your well-being. Cultivating personal strengths and resources, like humour, social/animal company, and daily occupations, also appears to help people preserve acceptable levels of SWB despite the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: baseline depression

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is a benefit of meditation and relaxation training?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the arteries or the veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: meditation and relaxation training

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: mortality.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: baseline depression

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: relaxation training have been found to increase positive affect and to reduce blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: increase positive affect and to reduce blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: meditation and relaxation training

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: positive affect

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: relaxation training

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: subjective well-being

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: meditation and relaxation training

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reduce blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: meditation and relaxation training

text: AVMs are an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the human brain. Arteriovenous malformations are most commonly of prenatal origin. The cause of AVMs remains unknown. In a normal brain oxygen enriched blood from the heart travels in sequence through smaller blood vessels going from arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries. Oxygen is removed in the latter vessel to be used by the brain. After the oxygen is removed blood reaches venules and later veins which will take it back to the heart and lungs. On the other hand, when there is an AVM blood goes directly from arteries to veins through the abnormal vessels disrupting the normal circulation of blood.

text: AVMs are an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the human brain. Arteriovenous malformations are most commonly of

text: prenatal

text: origin. The cause of AVMs remains unknown. In a normal brain

text: oxygen

text: enriched blood from the heart travels in sequence through smaller blood vessels going from arteries, to

text: arterioles

text: and then

text: capillaries

text: . Oxygen is removed in the latter vessel to be used by the brain. After the oxygen is removed blood reaches

text: venules

text: and later veins which will take it back to the heart and lungs. On the other hand, when there is an AVM blood goes directly from arteries to veins through the abnormal vessels disrupting the normal circulation of blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: prenatal origin

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: AVMs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arterioles and then capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In a normal brain oxygen enriched blood from the heart travels in sequence

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulation of blood.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: AVM

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: prenatal origin.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries to veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen enriched blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries to veins

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries to veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unknown.

text: According to the Australian heart disease statistics, heart disease is a major cause of death in Australia (Nichols, 2014). Heart disease is an overall term used for any type of heart disorder that affects the heart reducing blood supply to the heart. It is also often referred as Cardiac disease and Coronary heart disease. It is generally a lifelong condition where damage to the artery and blood vessel cannot be cured (Bishop, 2010).

text: According to the

text: Australian

text: heart disease statistics, heart disease is a major cause of death in Australia (Nichols, 2014). Heart disease is an overall term used for any type of

text: heart disorder

text: that affects the heart reducing blood supply to the heart. It is also often referred as Cardiac disease and Coronary heart disease. It is generally a lifelong condition where damage to the artery and blood vessel cannot be cured (Bishop, 2010).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: artery and blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: Cardiac disease or Coronary heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: Cardiac disease or Coronary heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of heart disease: damage to the artery and blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery and blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: damaged artery and blood vessel cannot be cured

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disorder that affects the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: Cardiac disease or Coronary heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: damage to the artery and blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiac

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiac disease and Coronary heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood supply

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cured

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood supply

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood supply to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Heart disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart disease is a major cause of death in Australia

text: Hypertension and atherosclerosis are risk factors for both atherosclerotic plaques and thromboembolism. In atherosclerotic formations, a plaque develops under a fibrous cap. When the fibrous cap is degraded by metalloproteinases released from macrophages or by intravascular shear force from blood flow, subendothelial thrombogenic material (extracellular matrix) is exposed to circulating platelets and thrombus formation occurs on the vessel wall occluding blood flow. Occasionally, the plaque may rupture and form an embolus which travels with the blood-flow downstream to where the vessel narrows and eventually clogs the vessel lumen.

text: Hypertension

text: and

text: atherosclerosis

text: are risk factors for both

text: atherosclerotic plaque

text: s and

text: thromboembolism

text: . In atherosclerotic formations, a plaque develops under a fibrous cap. When the fibrous cap is degraded by metalloproteinases released from macrophages or by intravascular shear force from blood flow, subendothelial thrombogenic material (

text: extracellular matrix

text: ) is exposed to circulating platelets and thrombus formation occurs on the vessel wall

text: occluding

text: blood flow. Occasionally, the plaque may rupture and form an

text: embolus

text: which travels with the blood-flow downstream to where the vessel narrows and eventually clogs the vessel lumen.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: downstream

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessel lumen

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hypertension and atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerotic formations?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for both atherosclerotic formations, a plaque develops under a fibrous cap?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for both atherosclerotic plaques and thromboembolism?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerotic formations?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerotic formations?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Vascular Shear Force

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: fibrous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerotic formations?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, or fibrous cap?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerotic formations?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: intravascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: intravascular shear force from blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: intravascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Hypertension and atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: subendothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: fibrous cap.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (extracellular matrix) is exposed to circulating platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: circulating platelets

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: downstream

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: occluding blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hypertension

text: The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75-80 beats per minute (BPM). The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP). This acceleration is approximately 3.3 BPM per day, or about 10 BPM every three days, an increase of 100 BPM in the first month.

text: The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75-80 beats per minute (BPM). The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP). This acceleration is approximately 3.3 BPM per day, or about 10 BPM every three days, an increase of 100 BPM in the first month.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: BPM

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: BPM

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (EHR)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mother’s,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: LMP).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: embryonic heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (EHR)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The human heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 165-185 BPM

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 75-80 beats per minute

text: Labs at MIT are in the process of developing nanocells capable of delivering both types of drugs.  Each nanocell is between 120 and 200 _m in diameter and can be thought of as “a balloon within a balloon.”  Inside each nanocell is a chemotherapeutic drug covalently bound to a polymer, and on the surface of each cell is a lipid coat containing an anti-angiogenic drug.  The technology makes use of the fact that a tumor’s blood vessels have pores 600 _m in diameter and are much leakier than normal blood vessels, which have pores only around 50 _m in diameter.  The nanocells circulate in the blood, and because of their size, they leak out of blood vessels only in tumors.  Once there, the nanocells are degraded by enzymes produced by the tumor.  Work remains to be done to win clinical approval for the technology, but results from Sengupta’s lab indicate that the nanocells are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy.

text: Labs at MIT are in the process of developing nanocells capable of delivering both types of drugs.  Each nanocell is between 120 and 200 _m in diameter and can be thought of as “a balloon within a balloon.”  Inside each nanocell is a chemotherapeutic drug covalently bound to a polymer, and on the surface of each cell is a lipid coat containing an anti-angiogenic drug.  The technology makes use of the fact that a tumor’s blood vessels have pores 600 _m in diameter and are much leakier than normal blood vessels, which have pores only around 50 _m in diameter.  The nanocells circulate in the blood, and because of their size, they leak out of blood vessels only in tumors.  Once there, the nanocells are degraded by enzymes produced by the tumor.  Work remains to be done to win clinical approval for the technology, but results from Sengupta’s lab indicate that the nanocells are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tumor’s

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiogenic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: normal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tumor

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitochondrion

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of normal blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in a tumor

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: normal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: _ .

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: normal blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tumor’s

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they leak out of blood vessels only in tumors

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atrium, right ventricle, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits in the arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: anti-angiogenic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: nanocells capable of delivering both types of drugs. Each nanocell

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: nanocells capable of delivering both types of drugs. Each nanocell

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: anti-angiogenic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tumor’s

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: 50 _m in diameter. The nanocells

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: nanocells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: nanocells

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tumors.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nanocells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: nanocells

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The nanocells circulate in the blood,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: a tumor’s blood vessels have pores 600 _m in diameter

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: normal blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: nanocells

text: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta, to sinuses where it oxygenates tissues. Deoxygenated blood goes to efferent branchial vessels in cerata. These efferent vessels can be seen in a transverse section of the cerata as widish canal to pass up the opposite margin. From efferent vessels the blood goes into afferent vessel, where is gets an oxygen. Dorsal skin also partly serves as a breathing organ.

text: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta, to sinuses where it oxygenates tissues. Deoxygenated blood goes to efferent branchial vessels in cerata. These efferent vessels can be seen in a transverse section of the cerata as widish canal to pass up the opposite margin. From efferent vessels the blood goes into afferent vessel, where is gets an oxygen. Dorsal skin also partly serves as a breathing organ.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: efferent branchial vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: afferent

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: branchial vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: atria, aorta, or sinuses?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart: ventricles, atria, or sinuses?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: aorta, sinuses or afferent vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: afferent vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood goes into afferent vessel, where is gets an oxygen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vessel: aorta, sinuses, or valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls than arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: efferent branchial vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: efferent branchial vessels in cerata.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: efferent branchial vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: efferent branchial vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: efferent branchial vessels in cerata.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tissues.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sinuses

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The oxygenated blood from the heart leads to the aorta,

text: In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the hypothalamus, a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. Some of these functions relate to arousal or to social interactions such as sexuality, aggression, or maternal behaviors; but many of them relate to homeostasis. Several hypothalamic nuclei receive input from sensors located in the lining of blood vessels, conveying information about temperature, sodium level, glucose level, blood oxygen level, and other parameters. These hypothalamic nuclei send output signals to motor areas that can generate actions to rectify deficiencies. Some of the outputs also go to the pituitary gland, a tiny gland attached to the brain directly underneath the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in cellular activity.

text: In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the

text: hypothalamus

text: , a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. Some of these functions relate to arousal or to social interactions such as sexuality, aggression, or maternal behaviors; but many of them relate to homeostasis. Several hypothalamic nuclei receive input from sensors located in the lining of blood vessels, conveying information about temperature, sodium level, glucose level, blood oxygen level, and other parameters. These hypothalamic nuclei send output signals to motor areas that can generate actions to rectify deficiencies. Some of the outputs also go to the

text: pituitary gland

text: , a tiny gland attached to the brain directly underneath the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in cellular activity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: motor areas

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the pituitary gland secrete?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or hypothalamus?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the pituitary gland responsible for?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pituitary gland

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hypothalamic

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lining

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypothalamic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the pituitary gland: pituitary gland, pituitary gland, or pituitary gland?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which part of the body does the aorta carry blood to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: hypothalamic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pituitary gland,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: deficiencies.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: maternal behaviors;

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: motor areas

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pituitary gland,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pituitary gland,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lining

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pituitary gland,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen level,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: hypothalamic nuclei

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypothalamus,

text: On day 28, areas of tissue in the heart tube begin to expand inwards; after about two weeks, these expansions, the membranous "septum primum" and the muscular "endocardial cushions", fuse to form the four chambers of the heart. A failure to fuse properly will result in a defect that may allow blood to leak between chambers.  After this happens, cells which have migrated from the neural crest begin to divide the bulbus cordis, the main outflow tract is divided in two by the growth a spiraling septum, becoming the great vessels—the ascending segment of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. If the separation is incomplete, the result is a "persistent truncus arteriosis". The vessels may be reversed ("transposition of the great vessels"). The two halves of the split tract must migrate into the correct positions over the appropriate ventricles. A failure may result in some blood flowing into the wrong vessel (e.g.overriding aorta). The four-chambered heart and the great vessels have features required for fetal growth. The lungs are unexpanded and cannot accommodate the full circulatory volume. Two structures exist to shunt blood flow away from the lungs. Cells in part of the septum primum die creating a hole while muscle cells, the "septum secundum", grow along the right atrial side the septum primum, except for one region, leaving a gap through which blood can pass from the right artium to the left atrium, the foramen ovale. A small vessel, the ductus arteriosus allows blood from the pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta.

text: On day 28, areas of tissue in the heart tube begin to expand inwards; after about two weeks, these expansions, the membranous "

text: septum primum

text: " and the muscular "

text: endocardial cushions

text: ", fuse to form the four chambers of the heart. A failure to fuse properly will result in a defect that may allow blood to leak between chambers.  After this happens, cells which have migrated from the neural crest begin to divide the

text: bulbus cordis

text: , the main outflow tract is divided in two by the growth a spiraling septum, becoming the great vessels—the ascending segment of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. If the separation is incomplete, the result is a "persistent truncus arteriosis". The vessels may be reversed ("

text: transposition of the great vessels

text: "). The two halves of the split tract must migrate into the correct positions over the appropriate ventricles. A failure may result in some blood flowing into the wrong vessel (e.g.

text: overriding aorta

text: ). The four-chambered heart and the great vessels have features required for fetal growth. The lungs are unexpanded and cannot accommodate the full circulatory volume. Two structures exist to shunt blood flow away from the lungs. Cells in part of the septum primum die creating a hole while muscle cells, the "

text: septum secundum

text: ", grow along the right atrial side the septum primum, except for one region, leaving a gap through which blood can pass from the right artium to the left atrium, the

text: foramen ovale

text: . A small vessel, the

text: ductus arteriosus

text: allows blood from the

text: pulmonary artery

text: to pass to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: main outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aortic dissection

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: main outflow tract

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endocardial cushions

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a vessel: the ductus arteriosus allows blood from the pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the ascending segment of the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the passage imply?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small device

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta and pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The lungs are unexpanded

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many chambers does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a structure to shunt blood flow away from the lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the ascending segment of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: great vessels—the

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "persistent truncus arteriosis".

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right artium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: great vessels—the

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "persistent truncus arteriosis".

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fetal growth. The lungs are unexpanded

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: "septum secundum",

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right artium to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: great vessels have features required for fetal growth.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: artium to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: great vessels have features required for fetal growth.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right artium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the great vessels have features required for fetal growth.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle cells,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: great vessels—the

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lungs are unexpanded

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Two structures exist to shunt blood flow away from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood can pass from the right artium to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right artium to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: great vessels—the

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: great vessels have features required for fetal growth.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fetal growth.

text: The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation−where the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide. The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute. Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health.

text: The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the

text: sinoatrial node

text: . These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the

text: atrioventricular node

text: and along the

text: conduction system of the heart

text: . The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the

text: systemic circulation

text: , which enters the right atrium from the

text: superior

text: and

text: inferior

text: venae cavae

text: and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: , through the

text: lungs

text: where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the

text: aorta

text: to the systemic circulation−where the oxygen is used and

text: metabolized

text: to

text: carbon dioxide

text: . The heart beats at a resting

text: rate

text: close to 72 beats per minute.

text: Exercise

text: temporarily increases the rate, but lowers

text: resting heart rate

text: in the long term, and is good for heart health.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pacemaking cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a group of pacemaking cells: sinoatrial node, pulmonary circulation, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does exercise temporarily increase the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next to

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a group of pacemaking cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood low in oxygen enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a valve: superior and inferior venae cavae or atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart health.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Exercise

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrioventricular node

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Exercise

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Exercise

text: Dr. Cees Vermeer (born December 14, 1946), studied biochemistry at the University of Leiden, where he defended in 1973 his thesis entitled "The role of the initiation factor IF3 in the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli". After a two-year post-doctoral position at the Central Lab of the Dutch Red Cross Blood transfusion Center in Amsterdam, Vermeer was appointed in 1975 as Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the newly formed Maastricht University, where he founded his renowned Division on Vitamin K Research. Vermeer discovered the pivotal importance of vitamin K2 for bone and cardiovascular health and the major diagnostic importance of Matrix Gla-Protein (MGP) as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease and mortality. He invented the MGP technology by which circulating MGP can be quantified and used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk and arterial calcification.

text: Dr. Cees Vermeer (born December 14, 1946), studied biochemistry at the University of Leiden, where he defended in 1973 his thesis entitled "The role of the initiation factor IF3 in the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli". After a two-year post-doctoral position at the Central Lab of the Dutch Red Cross Blood transfusion Center in Amsterdam, Vermeer was appointed in 1975 as Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the newly formed Maastricht University, where he founded his renowned Division on Vitamin K Research. Vermeer discovered the pivotal importance of vitamin K2 for bone and cardiovascular health and the major diagnostic importance of Matrix Gla-Protein (MGP) as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease and mortality. He invented the MGP technology by which circulating MGP can be quantified and used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk and arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: circulating MGP

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Vermeer discover the pivotal importance of vitamin K2 for bone and cardiovascular health?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Cees Vermeer?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Dutch Red Cross Blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: bone and cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: circulating

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: initiation factor IF3

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Dutch Red Cross Blood transfusion Center

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: IF3

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: circulating MGP

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Dr. Cees Vermeer

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterial calcification.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood transfusion Center

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arterial calcification.

text: Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood vessels to the heart become clogged. It often leads to heart attacks and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the leading treatment consisted of invasive bypass surgery, in which a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is grafted onto the coronary artery, forming a detour around the afflicted region. Due to the high cost and risk of this procedure, an alternative was in high demand. In 1977, Andreas Gruentzig performed the first successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In this procedure, a catheter attached to a small balloon is inserted into the afflicted artery. The balloon is subsequently expanded, compressing the accumulated plaque to allow increased blood flow. This was a substantial improvement over bypass surgery in terms of invasiveness, but unfortunately restenosis, a recurrence of arterial clogging, occurred in nearly 50% of patients after the balloon was removed.

text: Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood vessels to the heart become clogged. It often leads to heart attacks and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the leading treatment consisted of invasive bypass surgery, in which a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is grafted onto the coronary artery, forming a detour around the afflicted region. Due to the high cost and risk of this procedure, an alternative was in high demand. In 1977,

text: Andreas Gruentzig

text: performed the first successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In this procedure, a catheter attached to a small balloon is inserted into the afflicted artery. The balloon is subsequently expanded, compressing the accumulated plaque to allow increased blood flow. This was a substantial improvement over bypass surgery in terms of invasiveness, but unfortunately restenosis, a recurrence of arterial clogging, occurred in nearly 50% of patients after the balloon was removed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high cost and risk

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary artery, pulmonary circulation or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: blood vessels, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does angioplasty work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels to the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels to the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary artery, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary artery, aorta, or artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: invasive bypass surgery,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: plaque

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plaque

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: compressing the accumulated plaque to allow increased blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary artery disease

text: Calciferols (vitamins D), cholecalciferol (vitamin D) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D) are used as rodenticides. They are toxic to rodents for the same reason they are important to humans: they affect calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body. Vitamins D are essential in minute quantities (few IUs per kilogram body weight daily, only a fraction of a milligram), and like most fat soluble vitamins, they are toxic in larger doses, causing hypervitaminosis. If the poisoning is severe enough (that is, if the dose of the toxin is high enough), it leads to death. In rodents that consume the rodenticidal bait, it causes hypercalcemia, raising the calcium level, mainly by increasing calcium absorption from food, mobilising bone-matrix-fixed calcium into ionised form (mainly monohydrogencarbonate calcium cation, partially bound to plasma proteins, [CaHCO]), which circulates dissolved in the blood plasma. After ingestion of a lethal dose, the free calcium levels are raised sufficiently that blood vessels, kidneys, the stomach wall and lungs are mineralised/calcificated (formation of calcificates, crystals of calcium salts/complexes in the tissues, damaging them), leading further to heart problems (myocardial tissue is sensitive to variations of free calcium levels, affecting both myocardial contractibility and excitation propagation between atrias and ventriculas), bleeding (due to capillary damage) and possibly kidney failure. It is considered to be single-dose, cumulative (depending on concentration used; the common 0.075% bait concentration is lethal to most rodents after a single intake of larger portions of the bait) or sub-chronic (death occurring usually within days to one week after ingestion of the bait). Applied concentrations are 0.075% cholecalciferol and 0.1% ergocalciferol when used alone, wihich can kill a rodent or a rat.

text: Calciferols (vitamins D),

text: cholecalciferol

text: (vitamin D) and

text: ergocalciferol

text: (vitamin D) are used as rodenticides. They are toxic to rodents for the same reason they are important to humans: they affect calcium and phosphate

text: homeostasis

text: in the body. Vitamins D are essential in minute quantities (few

text: IU

text: s per kilogram body weight daily, only a fraction of a milligram), and like most fat soluble

text: vitamin

text: s, they are toxic in larger doses, causing

text: hypervitaminosis

text: . If the poisoning is severe enough (that is, if the dose of the toxin is high enough), it leads to death. In rodents that consume the rodenticidal bait, it causes

text: hypercalcemia

text: , raising the calcium level, mainly by increasing calcium absorption from food, mobilising bone-matrix-fixed calcium into

text: ionised

text: form (mainly monohydrogencarbonate calcium cation, partially bound to plasma proteins, [CaHCO]), which circulates dissolved in the

text: blood plasma

text: . After ingestion of a lethal dose, the free calcium levels are raised sufficiently that

text: blood vessel

text: s,

text: kidney

text: s, the

text: stomach

text: wall and

text: lung

text: s are mineralised/calcificated (formation of calcificates, crystals of calcium salts/complexes in the tissues, damaging them), leading further to heart problems (myocardial tissue is sensitive to variations of free calcium levels, affecting both myocardial contractibility and excitation propagation between atrias and ventriculas), bleeding (due to capillary damage) and possibly kidney failure. It is considered to be single-dose, cumulative (depending on concentration used; the common 0.075% bait concentration is lethal to most rodents after a single intake of larger portions of the bait) or sub-chronic (death occurring usually within days to one week after ingestion of the bait). Applied concentrations are 0.075% cholecalciferol and 0.1% ergocalciferol when used alone, wihich can kill a rodent or a rat.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventriculas

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart problems

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventriculas

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrias

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventriculas

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrias

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventriculas

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypercalcemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: free calcium levels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricula

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial tissue

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atrias passes through the right and left atrias?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atrias?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atrias or ventriculas?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate: capillary damage, bleeding or free calcium levels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Calcium cation

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium cation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: calcium salts/complexes

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: atrias

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atrias or ventriculas?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: atrias and ventriculas?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart problems

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricul

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cholecalciferol

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cholecalciferol

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vent

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricul

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrias and ventriculas),

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart problems

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: free calcium levels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricul

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atrias

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cholecalciferol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cholecalciferol

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: bleeding

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atrias and ventriculas),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: calcium

text: People who are to undergo DHCA surgery are placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a procedure that uses an external heart-lung machine that can artificially replace the function of the heart and lungs. A portion of the circulating blood supply is removed and stored for later replacement, with the remaining blood diluted by added fluids with the objective of reducing viscosity and clotting tendencies at cold temperature. The remaining diluted blood is cooled by the heart-lung machine until hypothermia causes the heart to stop beating normally, after which the blood pump of the heart-lung machine continues blood circulation through the body. Cardioplegic drugs may be administered to ensure the heart stops beating completely (asystole), which is protective of both the heart and brain when circulation is later stopped. Cooling continues until the brain is also inactivated by cold, and electrocerebral silence (flatline EEG) is attained. The blood pump is then switched off, and the interval of circulatory arrest begins. At this time more blood is drained to reduce residual blood pressure if surgery on a cerebral aneurysm is to be performed.

text: People who are to undergo DHCA surgery are placed on

text: cardiopulmonary bypass

text: (CPB), a procedure that uses an external heart-lung machine that can artificially replace the function of the heart and lungs. A portion of the circulating blood supply is removed and stored for later replacement, with the remaining blood diluted by added fluids with the objective of reducing viscosity and clotting tendencies at cold temperature. The remaining diluted blood is cooled by the heart-lung machine until

text: hypothermia

text: causes the heart to stop beating normally, after which the blood pump of the heart-lung machine continues blood circulation through the body.

text: Cardioplegic

text: drugs may be administered to ensure the heart stops beating completely (

text: asystole

text: ), which is protective of both the heart and brain when circulation is later stopped. Cooling continues until the brain is also inactivated by cold, and electrocerebral silence (flatline EEG) is attained. The blood pump is then switched off, and the interval of circulatory arrest begins. At this time more blood is drained to reduce residual blood pressure if surgery on a

text: cerebral aneurysm

text: is to be performed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: DHCA

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: asystole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of cardiopulmonary bypass?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pump

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardioplegic drugs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pump of the heart-lung machine continues blood circulation through the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lungs, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the objective of reducing viscosity and clotting tendencies at cold temperature?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: circulating blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pump

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart and lungs.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypothermia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: viscosity and clotting tendencies

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: circulating blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: diluted by added fluids with the objective of reducing viscosity

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pump

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardioplegic drugs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: reducing viscosity and clotting tendencies

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the blood pump of the heart-lung machine continues blood circulation through the body.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood circulation through the body.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: clotting tendencies at cold temperature.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reducing viscosity and clotting tendencies at cold temperature.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass

text: When cells are deprived of oxygen, they increase their production of VEGF-A5. VEGF-A mediates the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels (angiogenesis) by binding to the cell surface receptors VEGFr1 and VEGFr2, two tyrosine kinases located in endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system. These two receptors act through different pathways to contribute to endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and formation of tubular structures.

text: When cells are deprived of oxygen, they increase their production of VEGF-A5. VEGF-A mediates the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels (angiogenesis) by binding to the cell surface receptors

text: and

text: , two tyrosine kinases located in endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system. These two receptors act through different pathways to contribute to endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and formation of tubular structures.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tubular structures

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: deprived of oxygen

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-A5

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cells are deprived of oxygen, they increase their production of VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which receptors act through different pathways to contribute to endothelial cell proliferation and migration?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of endothelial cell: VEGFr1 or VEGFr2?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls than arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does VEGF-A mediate?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (angiogenesis)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (angiogenesis)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (angiogenesis)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pre-existing vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (angiogenesis)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tubular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (angiogenesis)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cells are deprived of oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: different pathways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: VEGF-A5.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: VEGF-A5.

text: The blood composition of the species Octopus vulgaris differs from humans in two main ways: the binding agent is not iron that is found in hemoglobin, but copper found in hemocyanin which is not found within the blood cells as hemoglobin is, but within the blood's plasma. Since the binding agent is found within the plasma and not the blood cells there is a limit to the oxygen up take that the octopus can experience. If it were to increase the hemocyanin within its blood stream, the fluid would become too viscous for the myogenic hearts to pump. Poiseuille's Law explains the rate of flow of the bulk fluid throughout the entire circulatory system through the differences of blood pressure and vascular resistance. The three hearts are also temperature and oxygen depended and the beat rhythm of the three hearts are generally in phase with the two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart. The Frank-Starling Law also contributes to overall heart function, through contractility and stroke volume, since the total volume of blood vessels must be maintained, and must be kept relatively constant within the system for the heart to function properly.

text: The blood composition of the species Octopus vulgaris differs from humans in two main ways: the binding agent is not iron that is found in

text: hemoglobin

text: , but copper found in hemocyanin which is not found within the blood cells as hemoglobin is, but within the

text: blood's plasma

text: . Since the binding agent is found within the plasma and not the blood cells there is a limit to the oxygen up take that the octopus can experience. If it were to increase the hemocyanin within its blood stream, the fluid would become too

text: viscous

text: for the

text: myogenic

text: hearts to pump.

text: Poiseuille's Law

text: explains the rate of flow of the bulk fluid throughout the entire circulatory system through the differences of blood pressure and vascular resistance. The three hearts are also temperature and oxygen depended and the beat rhythm of the three hearts are generally in phase with the two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

text: The Frank-Starling Law

text: also contributes to overall heart function, through

text: contractility

text: and stroke volume, since the total volume of blood vessels must be maintained, and must be kept relatively constant within the system for the heart to function properly.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: branchial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: branchial heart

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: branchial hearts

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: branchial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: branchial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure and vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: branchial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myogenic hearts

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: which is not found within the blood cells as hemoglobin is

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Poiseuille's Law explain?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not found within the blood cells as hemoglobin is, but within the blood's plasma

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Poiseuille's Law explain?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: branchial hearts

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: branchial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the binding agent is not iron that is found in hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: branchial hearts and the systemic heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: branchial or systemic?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does Poiseuille's Law explain the rate of flow of the bulk fluid throughout the entire circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The Frank-Starling Law

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: branchial hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: systemic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myogenic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the fluid would become too viscous for the myogenic hearts to pump.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the total volume of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: two branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myogenic hearts

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: branchial hearts beating together followed by the systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: iron that is found in hemoglobin,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: differences of blood pressure and vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: resistance.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systemic heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: total volume of blood vessels must be maintained, and must be kept relatively constant

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular resistance.

text: It should also be pointed out that an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel will also increase the volume of blood flow that passes through. More blood flow would also result in a higher concentration of nutrients.

text: It should also be pointed out that an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel will also increase the volume of blood flow that passes through. More blood flow would also result in a higher concentration of nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: diameter

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow would also result in a higher concentration of nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessel will also increase the volume of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: More blood flow would also result in a higher concentration of nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: volume of blood flow that passes through.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increase

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

text: The form of TTP of unknown cause was long known as idiopathic TTP, but it has recently been linked to the inhibition of the enzyme ADAMTS13 by antibodies, rendering it an autoimmune disease. It is thus now called autoimmune TTP (not to be confused with immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). ADAMTS13 is a metalloproteinase responsible for the breakdown of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein that links platelets, blood clots, and the blood vessel wall in the process of blood coagulation. Very large vWF multimers are more prone to lead to coagulation. Hence, without proper cleavage of vWF by ADAMTS13, coagulation occurs at a higher rate, especially in the microvasculature, part of the blood vessel system where vWF is most active due to high shear stress.

text: The form of TTP of unknown cause was long known as

text: idiopathic

text: TTP, but it has recently been linked to the inhibition of the enzyme ADAMTS13 by

text: antibodies

text: , rendering it an

text: autoimmune disease

text: . It is thus now called autoimmune TTP (not to be confused with

text: immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

text: ). ADAMTS13 is a

text: metalloproteinase

text: responsible for the breakdown of

text: von Willebrand factor

text: (vWF), a protein that links platelets,

text: blood clot

text: s, and the blood vessel wall in the process of blood coagulation. Very large vWF multimers are more prone to lead to coagulation. Hence, without proper cleavage of vWF by ADAMTS13, coagulation occurs at a higher rate, especially in the microvasculature, part of the blood vessel system where vWF is most active due to high

text: shear stress

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does ADAMTS13 stand for?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the microvasculature carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is ADAMTS13 responsible for?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: microvasculature

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: thrombocytopenic purpura).

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coagulation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Very large vWF multimers

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: idiopathic TTP,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ADAMTS13

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: microvasculature,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: coagulation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: idiopathic TTP,

text: People with higher levels of vitamin D tend to have lower rates of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke and tend to have lower blood pressure. However, it has been found that vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular health or metabolism, so the link with vitamin D must be in part indirect. It seems that those who get more sun are generally healthier, and also have higher vitamin D levels. It has been found that ultraviolet radiation (even UVA) produces nitric oxide (NO) in the skin, and nitric oxide can lower blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of stroke and heart disease. Although long-term exposure to ultraviolet contributes to non-melanoma skin cancers that are rarely fatal, it has been found in a Danish study that those who get these cancers were less likely to die during the study, and were much less likely to have a heart attack, than those who did not have these cancers.

text: People with higher levels of vitamin D tend to have lower rates of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke and tend to have lower blood pressure. However, it has been found that vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular health or metabolism, so the link with vitamin D must be in part indirect. It seems that those who get more sun are generally healthier, and also have higher vitamin D levels. It has been found that ultraviolet radiation (even UVA) produces

text: nitric oxide

text: (NO) in the skin, and nitric oxide can lower blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of stroke and heart disease. Although long-term exposure to ultraviolet contributes to non-melanoma skin cancers that are rarely fatal, it has been found in a Danish study that those who get these cancers were less likely to die during the study, and were much less likely to have a heart attack, than those who did not have these cancers.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: High blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does NOT contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does nitric oxide lower blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: NO

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: UVA)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart disease, and stroke

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: High blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lower blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: High blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: High blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: People with higher levels of vitamin D

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: People with higher levels of vitamin D

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: People with higher levels of vitamin D

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: stroke and tend to have lower blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: stroke and tend to have lower blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lower blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: High blood pressure

text: In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("deoxygenated") blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("oxygenated") blood then returns, via the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the left ventricle, then through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself.

text: In a normal

text: heart

text: oxygen

text: -depleted ("deoxygenated") blood is pumped from the right

text: atrium

text: into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the

text: lung

text: s where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("oxygenated") blood then returns, via the

text: pulmonary veins

text: , to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the left ventricle, then through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: atria or ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which artery does not carry oxygen-rich blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-depleted blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-depleted ("deoxygenated") blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium into the right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery

text: Cardiovascular disease can present itself in many different forms, from cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease, and heart disease remains a key threat to human health.  While there are means of therapy to both prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases, many drugs are unavailable for clinical use due to severe side effects in addition to high toxicity levels. However, in the past decade, sv-LAAOs have shown promise in affecting platelet aggregation. It has been proposed that hydrogen peroxide is considered to play a significant role regarding the enzymes ability to both cause and prevent this platelet aggregation. With this knowledge, it appears that sv-LAAOs could be evaluated as a potential cardiovascular disease therapeutic because of their biological potency.

text: Cardiovascular disease

text: can present itself in many different forms, from

text: cardiomyopathy

text: to

text: peripheral arterial disease

text: , and heart disease remains a key threat to human health.  While there are means of therapy to both prevent and cure

text: cardiovascular disease

text: s, many drugs are unavailable for clinical use due to severe side effects in addition to high toxicity levels. However, in the past decade, sv-LAAOs have shown promise in affecting

text: platelet

text: aggregation. It has been proposed that

text: hydrogen peroxide

text: is considered to play a significant role regarding the enzymes ability to both cause and prevent this

text: platelet

text: aggregation. With this knowledge, it appears that sv-LAAOs could be evaluated as a potential cardiovascular disease therapeutic because of their biological potency.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high toxicity levels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which disease can present itself in many different forms, from cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: peripheral arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: peripheral arterial disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral arterial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: sv-LAAOs

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sv-LAAOs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: peripheral arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: peripheral arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterial disease,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: platelet aggregation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiomyopathy to peripheral arterial disease,

text: Coronary artery blockages or stenoses that limit blood flow to the heart muscle can cause angina and can be treated by stenting or bypass surgery. Relief of a stenosis by stenting aims to restore vessel patency with improvement in blood flow leading to a reduction in angina symptoms. However, if stenoses are not flow limiting, then they can be safely left alone without stenting or surgery and this help reduce patient's exposure to unnecessary procedures and potential complications. Identifying stenoses that cause flow limitation, or ischaemia, can be done in a variety of ways. Non-invasive tests can include stress testing such as exercise electrocardiograms, stress echocardiography, or perfusion imaging tests such as scintigraphy or SPECT. Alternatively, invasive tests can be performed at the time of angiography, and these include those that measure coronary flow velocity in the vessel, CFR or index flow against pressure gradients such as hyperaemic or basal stenosis resistance (HSR or BSR). More commonly coronary pressure measurements are used as a surrogate for flow measurement and techniques include iFR and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Cardiologists use a combination of these investigations together with the patient's history, symptoms and clinical risk factors to decide if a stenosis requires further treatment. An example of use in clinical practice is seen here.

text: Coronary artery blockages or stenoses that limit blood flow to the heart muscle can cause

text: angina

text: and can be treated by

text: stenting

text: or

text: bypass surgery

text: . Relief of a stenosis by stenting aims to restore vessel patency with improvement in blood flow leading to a reduction in angina symptoms. However, if stenoses are not flow limiting, then they can be safely left alone without stenting or surgery and this help reduce patient's exposure to unnecessary procedures and potential complications. Identifying stenoses that cause flow limitation, or ischaemia, can be done in a variety of ways. Non-invasive tests can include

text: stress testing

text: such as exercise electrocardiograms, stress echocardiography, or

text: perfusion imaging

text: tests such as

text: scintigraphy

text: or

entity_name: Single-photon emission computed tomography

text: SPECT

text: . Alternatively, invasive tests can be performed at the time of angiography, and these include those that measure coronary flow velocity in the vessel,

text: CFR

text: or index flow against pressure gradients such as hyperaemic or basal stenosis resistance (HSR or BSR). More commonly coronary pressure measurements are used as a surrogate for flow measurement and techniques include iFR and

text: fractional flow reserve

text: (FFR). Cardiologists use a combination of these investigations together with the patient's history, symptoms and clinical risk factors to decide if a stenosis requires further treatment. An example of use in clinical practice is seen here.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischaemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: clinical risk factors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does a coronary artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of stenting?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiograms

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not flow limiting

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary artery blockages that limit blood flow to the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischaemia,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: clinical risk factors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: stenoses that limit blood flow to the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Coronary artery blockages or stenoses that limit blood flow

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coronary artery blockages or stenoses that limit blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: exercise electrocardiograms,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stenoses that limit blood flow to the heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary artery blockages

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary artery blockages

text: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow" (), which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and "yellow marrow" (), which is mainly made up of fat cells. Red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries. At birth, all bone marrow is red. With age, more and more of it is converted to the yellow type; only around half of adult bone marrow is red. Red marrow is found mainly in the flat bones, such as the pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs, vertebrae and scapulae, and in the cancellous ("spongy") material at the epiphyseal ends of long bones such as the femur and humerus. Yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity, the hollow interior of the middle portion of short bones. In cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production.

text: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow" (), which consists mainly of

text: hematopoietic

text: tissue, and "yellow marrow" (), which is mainly made up of

text: fat cells

text: Red blood cells

text: platelets

text: , and most

text: white blood cells

text: arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries. At birth, all bone marrow is red. With age, more and more of it is converted to the yellow type; only around half of adult bone marrow is red. Red marrow is found mainly in the

text: flat bones

text: , such as the

text: pelvis

text: sternum

text: cranium

text: ribs

text: vertebrae

text: and

text: scapulae

text: , and in the

text: cancellous

text: ("spongy") material at the

text: epiphyseal

text: ends of

text: long bones

text: such as the

text: femur

text: and

text: humerus

text: . Yellow marrow is found in the

text: medullary cavity

text: , the hollow interior of the middle portion of short bones. In cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: medullary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: femur

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sternum

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bone marrow: red marrow or yellow marrow?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not found in the medullary cavity, the hollow interior of the middle portion of short bones?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bone marrow?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bone marrow: red marrow, yellow marrow, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: red marrow

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: red marrow

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red marrow and yellow marrow

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bone marrow: red blood cells, platelets, or fat cells?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: In cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: yellow

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cranium,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: "red

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: severe blood loss,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: medullary cavity,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Red blood cells,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cranium,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hematopoietic tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels and capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: all bone marrow is red.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow"

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: In cases of severe blood loss,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: yellow marrow back to red marrow

text: Delphinine is a toxic diterpenoid alkaloid found in plants from the Delphinium (larkspur) and Atragene (a clematis) genera, both in the family Ranunculaceae. Delphinine is the principal alkaloid found in Delphinium staphisagria seeds – at one time, under the name stavesacre, a very well known herbal treatment for body lice. It is related in structure and has similar effects to aconitine, acting as an allosteric modulator of voltage gated sodium channels, and producing low blood pressure, slowed heart rate and abnormal heart rhythms. These effects make it highly poisonous ( 1.5–3.0 mg/kg in rabbit and dog; frogs are ~10x more susceptible), but in very small doses it has some uses in herbal medicine.

text: Delphinine is a

text: toxic

text: diterpenoid

text: alkaloid

text: found in plants from the

text: Delphinium

text: (larkspur) and

text: Atragene

text: (a clematis) genera, both in the family

text: Ranunculaceae

text: . Delphinine is the principal alkaloid found in

text: Delphinium staphisagria

text: seeds – at one time, under the name

text: stavesacre

text: , a very well known herbal treatment for body lice. It is related in structure and has similar effects to

text: aconitine

text: , acting as an

text: allosteric modulator

text: of

text: voltage gated sodium channels

text: , and producing

text: low blood pressure

text: slowed heart rate

text: and

text: abnormal heart rhythms

text: . These effects make it highly poisonous ( 1.5–3.0 mg/kg in rabbit and dog; frogs are ~10x more susceptible), but in very small doses it has some uses in

text: herbal medicine

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the primary alkaloid found in Delphinium staphisagria seeds?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the primary alkaloid found in Delphinium staphisagria seeds?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Delphinine staphisagria mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a conitine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: voltage gated sodium channels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rhythms.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: abnormal heart rhythms.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure, slowed heart rate and abnormal heart rhythms.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: voltage gated sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: voltage gated sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: voltage gated sodium channels, and producing low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: voltage gated sodium channels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Delphinine

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Delphinine is a toxic diterpenoid alkaloid

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Delphinine

text: The mesoderm is one of the three germinal layers that appears in the third week of embryonic development. It is formed through a process called gastrulation. There are three important components, the paraxial mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm. The paraxial mesoderm forms the somitomeres, which give rise to mesenchyme of the head and organize into somites in occipital and caudal segments. Somites give rise to the myotome (muscle tissue), sclerotome (cartilage and bone), and dermatome (subcutaneous tissue of the skin). Signals for somite differentiation are derived from surroundings structures, including the notochord, neural tube and epidermis. The intermediate mesoderm connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate, eventually it differentiates into urogenital structures consisting of the kidneys, gonads, their associated ducts, and the adrenal glands. The lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system as well as to the mesodermal component of the limbs.

text: The mesoderm is one of the three germinal layers that appears in the third week of embryonic development. It is formed through a process called

text: gastrulation

text: . There are three important components, the paraxial mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm. The paraxial mesoderm forms the somitomeres, which give rise to mesenchyme of the head and organize into somites in occipital and caudal segments. Somites give rise to the myotome (muscle tissue), sclerotome (cartilage and bone), and dermatome (subcutaneous tissue of the skin). Signals for somite differentiation are derived from surroundings structures, including the notochord, neural tube and epidermis. The intermediate mesoderm connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate, eventually it differentiates into urogenital structures consisting of the kidneys, gonads, their associated ducts, and the adrenal glands. The lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system as well as to the mesodermal component of the limbs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lateral plate

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lateral plate

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: caudal

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myotome

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What do the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What do the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lateral plate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myotome

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lateral plate

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does the intermediate mesoderm connect?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the lateral plate mesoderm?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lateral plate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lateral plate

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myotome

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lateral plate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: lateral plate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lateral plate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myotome

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lateral plate mesoderm give rise to the heart, blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart, blood vessels and blood cells

text: The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I) involves the narrowing of blood vessels connected to and within the lungs. This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, much as it is harder to make water flow through a narrow pipe as opposed to a wide one. Over time, the affected blood vessels become stiffer and thicker, in a process known as fibrosis. This further increases the blood pressure within the lungs and impairs their blood flow. In common with other types of pulmonary hypertension, the increased workload of the heart causes hypertrophy of the right ventricle, making the heart less able to pump blood through the lungs, ultimately causing right heart failure. The right ventricle is normally part of a low pressure system, with pressures that are lower than those that the left ventricle normally encounters. As such, the right ventricle cannot cope as well with higher pressures, and although hypertrophy of the heart muscle helps initially, it ultimately leads to a situation where the right ventricular muscle cannot get enough oxygen to meet its needs and right heart failure follows. As the blood flowing through the lungs decreases, the left side of the heart receives less blood. This blood may also carry less oxygen than normal. Therefore, it becomes harder and harder for the left side of the heart to pump to supply sufficient oxygen to the rest of the body, especially during physical activity.

text: The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I) involves the

text: narrowing of blood vessels

text: connected to and within the lungs. This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the

text: lungs

text: , much as it is harder to make water flow through a narrow pipe as opposed to a wide one. Over time, the affected blood vessels become stiffer and thicker, in a process known as

text: fibrosis

text: . This further increases the blood pressure within the lungs and impairs their blood flow. In common with other types of pulmonary hypertension, the increased workload of the heart causes

text: hypertrophy

text: of the

text: right ventricle

text: , making the heart less able to pump blood through the lungs, ultimately causing

text: right heart failure

text: . The right ventricle is normally part of a low pressure system, with pressures that are lower than those that the

text: left ventricle

text: normally encounters. As such, the right ventricle cannot cope as well with higher pressures, and although hypertrophy of the heart muscle helps initially, it ultimately leads to a situation where the right ventricular muscle cannot get enough oxygen to meet its needs and right heart failure follows. As the blood flowing through the lungs decreases, the left side of the heart receives less blood. This blood may also carry less oxygen than normal. Therefore, it becomes harder and harder for the left side of the heart to pump to supply sufficient

text: oxygen

text: to the rest of the body, especially during physical activity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: right heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why is it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left side of the heart receive?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does this effect the left side of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hypertrophy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left ventricular muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: It is harder to make water flow through a narrow pipe as opposed to a wide one

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Why is it harder for the left side of the heart to pump

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the low pressure system, with pressures that are lower than those that the left ventricle normally encounters?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: through the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: right heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: fibrosis.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: less oxygen than normal.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: wide one.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: right ventricular muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: fibrosis.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: wide one.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: low pressure system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the left side of the heart receives less blood.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: fibrosis.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: wide one.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

text: Fluorescein angiography is used by physicians specializing in the treatment of eye diseases (ophthalmologists) to evaluate the vasculature of the retina, choroid, optic disc, and iris.  Among the common groups of ophthalmologic disease, fluorescein angiography can detect diabetic retinopathy (neovascularization), vein occlusions, retinal artery occlusions, edema of the optic disc, and tumors.  Additionally, the transit time (the period between injection of the dye and when it appears in the examined blood vessels) can provide an objective measurement of the rate of blood flow through the imaged blood vessels.

text: Fluorescein angiography is used by physicians specializing in the treatment of eye diseases (

text: ophthalmologists

text: ) to evaluate the vasculature of the

text: retina

text: choroid

text: optic disc

text: , and

text: iris

text: .  Among the common groups of ophthalmologic disease, fluorescein angiography can detect

text: diabetic retinopathy

text: neovascularization

text: ), vein occlusions,

text: retinal artery occlusion

text: s, edema of the optic disc, and tumors.  Additionally, the transit time (the period between injection of the dye and when it appears in the examined blood vessels) can provide an objective measurement of the rate of blood flow through the imaged blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diabetic retinopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: occlusions

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetic

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: choroid

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a group of ophthalmologists: ophthalmologists specializing in the treatment of eye diseases?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: artery, vein, or tumor?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the transit time?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Fluorescein

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: choroid

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: retinal artery occlusions

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vein and artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vein occlusions

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diabetic retinopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: retina, choroid, optic disc, and iris.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: retina, choroid, optic disc, and iris.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diabetic retinopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetic

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vein occlusions,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: retina, choroid, optic disc, and iris.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein occlusions, retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: rate of blood flow through the imaged blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vein occlusions,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: retina, choroid, optic disc, and iris.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vein occlusions, retinal artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Fluorescein angiography

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Fluorescein angiography

text: Inhaled nitric oxide is contraindicated in the treatment of neonates known to be dependent on right-to-left shunting of blood. This is as the nitric oxide decreases the pulmonary circulation's resistance by dilating pulmonary blood vessels. The increased pulmonary return increases pressure in the left atrium, causing closure of the foramen ovale and reducing the blood flow through the ductus arteriosus. Closing these shunts can kill neonates with heart malformations that rely on the right-to-left shunting of blood.

text: Inhaled nitric oxide is contraindicated in the treatment of neonates known to be dependent on right-to-left shunting of blood. This is as the nitric oxide decreases the pulmonary circulation's resistance by dilating pulmonary blood vessels. The increased pulmonary return increases pressure in the left atrium, causing closure of the foramen ovale and reducing the blood flow through the ductus arteriosus. Closing these shunts can kill neonates with heart malformations that rely on the right-to-left shunting of blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart malformations

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: shunting of blood

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: neonates with heart malformations

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a heart malformation: right-to-left shunting of blood?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, ductus arteriosus, or pulmonary?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why is nitric oxide contraindicated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Left atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: foramen ovale

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: right-to-left

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow through the ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right-to-left

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, foramen ovale, or ductus arteriosus?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart malformations

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: malformations

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Inhaled nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left atrium,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right-to-left

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Inhaled nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right-to-left shunting

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right-to-left shunting of blood.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ductus arteriosus.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating pulmonary blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Inhaled nitric oxide

text: Nosebleeds are due to the rupture of a blood vessel within the richly perfused nasal mucosa. Rupture may be spontaneous or initiated by trauma. Nosebleeds are reported in up to 60% of the population with peak incidences in those under the age of ten and over the age of 50 and appear to occur in males more than females. An increase in blood pressure (e.g. due to general hypertension) tends to increase the duration of spontaneous epistaxis. Anticoagulant medication and disorders of blood clotting can promote and prolong bleeding. Spontaneous epistaxis is more common in the elderly as the nasal mucosa (lining) becomes dry and thin and blood pressure tends to be higher. The elderly are also more prone to prolonged nose bleeds as their blood vessels are less able to constrict and control the bleeding.

text: Nosebleeds are due to the rupture of a blood vessel within the richly perfused nasal mucosa. Rupture may be spontaneous or initiated by trauma. Nosebleeds are reported in up to 60% of the population with peak incidences in those under the age of ten and over the age of 50 and appear to occur in males more than females. An increase in blood pressure (e.g. due to general hypertension) tends to increase the duration of spontaneous epistaxis.

text: Anticoagulant

text: medication and disorders of blood clotting can promote and prolong bleeding. Spontaneous epistaxis is more common in the elderly as the nasal mucosa (lining) becomes dry and thin and blood pressure tends to be higher. The elderly are also more prone to prolonged nose bleeds as their blood vessels are less able to constrict and control the bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: nasal mucosa

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: general hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for nosebleeds?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for nosebleeds?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Anticoagulant medication

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: nasal mucosa

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: in which body part?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood clotting can promote and prolong bleeding

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or nasal mucosa?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: nosebleeds, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: nasal mucosa.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: nasal mucosa.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: nasal mucosa.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: general hypertension)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: An increase in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: An increase in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels are less able to constrict and control the bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increase in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: nasal mucosa.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Anticoagulant medication

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: nasal mucosa.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: perfused

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Nosebleeds are due to the rupture of a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Anticoagulant medication and disorders of blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Nosebleeds

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Anticoagulant medication and disorders of blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels are less able to constrict and control the bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: control the bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension)

text: There is a layer of muscle surrounding the arteries and the veins which help contract and expand the vessels. This creates enough pressure for blood to be pumped around the body. Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system, together with the heart and the blood.

text: There is a layer of muscle surrounding the arteries and the veins which help contract and expand the vessels. This creates enough pressure for blood to be pumped around the body. Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system, together with the heart and the blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system, together with the heart and the blood?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system, together with the heart and the blood?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery and vein

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels are not part of the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: There is a layer of muscle surrounding the arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contract and expand

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a layer of muscle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and the veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract and expand

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries and the veins

text: Vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, wherein the patient has an abnormally high blood pressure, as well as angina, congestive heart failure, and erectile dysfunction, and where maintaining a lower blood pressure reduces the patient's risk of developing other cardiac problems.Flushing may be a physiological response to vasodilators. Some phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil, work to increase blood flow in the penis through vasodilation. They may also be used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

text: Vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as

text: hypertension

text: , wherein the patient has an abnormally high blood pressure, as well as

text: angina

text: congestive heart failure

text: , and

text: erectile dysfunction

text: , and where maintaining a lower blood pressure reduces the patient's risk of developing other cardiac problems.

text: Flushing

text: may be a physiological response to vasodilators. Some

text: phosphodiesterase inhibitor

text: s such as

text: sildenafil

text: vardenafil

text: and

text: tadalafil

text: , work to increase blood flow in the penis through vasodilation. They may also be used to treat

text: pulmonary arterial hypertension

text: (PAH).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: abnormally high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for veins to have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, wherein the patient has an abnormally high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasodilators work to increase blood flow in the penis through vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow in the penis through vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as what?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: congestive

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension, wherein the patient has an abnormally high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: phosphodiesterase

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arterial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary arterial hypertension

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension,

text: Bio fluid Dynamics refers to the study of fluid Dynamics of basic biological fluids such as blood, air etc. and has immense applications in the field of diagnosing, treating and certain surgical procedures related to the disorders/diseases which originate in the body relating to cardiovascular, pulmonary, synovial systems etc.The different types of cardiovascular diseases include Aneurysms, Angina, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Different types of Cerebrovascular disease, Heart Failure, Coronary Heart diseases and Myocardial infarction or Heart attacks.The Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) models prepared through software, of the arteries, veins etc. not only lead to the identification of properties of flowing blood inside arteries but also changes in viscosity can be identified which may be the result of certain underlying disease/disorder. Moreover, the stress concentration and the distribution of stresses in different biological systems carrying fluids can also be identified. This has led to a greater degree of assistance to biomedical engineers in recognizing the cause of certain diseases and thus they can easily search for the method of cure for that disease/disorder. Also this has led to a greater degree of good research in the fields of biotechnology, Bio Mechanics etc.

text: Bio fluid Dynamics refers to the study of fluid Dynamics of basic biological fluids such as blood, air etc. and has immense applications in the field of diagnosing, treating and certain surgical procedures related to the disorders/diseases which originate in the body relating to cardiovascular, pulmonary, synovial systems etc.The different types of cardiovascular diseases include Aneurysms, Angina, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Different types of Cerebrovascular disease, Heart Failure, Coronary Heart diseases and Myocardial infarction or Heart attacks.The Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) models prepared through software, of the arteries, veins etc. not only lead to the identification of properties of flowing blood inside arteries but also changes in viscosity can be identified which may be the result of certain underlying disease/disorder. Moreover, the stress concentration and the distribution of stresses in different biological systems carrying fluids can also be identified. This has led to a greater degree of assistance to biomedical engineers in recognizing the cause of certain diseases and thus they can easily search for the method of cure for that disease/disorder. Also this has led to a greater degree of good research in the fields of biotechnology, Bio Mechanics etc.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary Heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: changes in viscosity

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary Heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries, veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Aneurysms, Angina, Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary, synovial systems

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Computational Fluid dynamics

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Computational Fluid dynamics

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries, veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries, veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular, pulmonary, synovial systems

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Bio fluid Dynamics

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atherosclerosis,

text: Stretch receptors in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinus (at the beginning of the internal carotid artery) act as arterial blood pressure sensors. As the pressure rises the arteries balloon out, stretching their walls. This information is then conveyed, via sensory nerves, to the medulla oblongata of the brain stem. From here motor nerves belonging to the autonomic nervous system are stimulated to influence the activity of chiefly the heart and the smallest diameter arteries, called arterioles. The arterioles are the main resistance vessels in the arterial tree, and small changes in diameter cause large changes in the resistance to flow through them. When the arterial blood pressure rises the arterioles are stimulated to dilate making it easier for blood to leave the arteries, thus deflating them, and bringing the blood pressure down, back to normal. At the same time the heart is stimulated via cholinergic parasympathetic nerves to beat more slowly (called bradycardia), ensuring that the inflow of blood into the arteries is reduced, thus adding to the reduction in pressure, and correction of the original error.

text: Stretch receptors in the walls of the

text: aortic arch

text: and

text: carotid sinus

text: (at the beginning of the internal

text: carotid artery

text: ) act as arterial blood pressure sensors. As the pressure rises the arteries balloon out, stretching their walls. This information is then conveyed, via sensory nerves, to the

text: medulla oblongata

text: of the brain stem. From here

text: motor nerves

text: belonging to the

text: autonomic nervous system

text: are stimulated to influence the activity of chiefly the heart and the smallest diameter arteries, called

text: arterioles

text: . The arterioles are the main resistance vessels in the arterial tree, and small changes in diameter cause large changes in the resistance to flow through them. When the arterial blood pressure rises the arterioles are stimulated to

text: dilate

text: making it easier for blood to leave the arteries, thus deflating them, and bringing the blood pressure down, back to normal. At the same time the heart is stimulated via

text: cholinergic

text: parasympathetic nerves

text: to beat more slowly (called

text: bradycardia

text: ), ensuring that the inflow of blood into the arteries is reduced, thus adding to the reduction in pressure, and correction of the original error.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a resistance vessel: the aortic arch or the carotid sinus?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aortic arch carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why do blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: acetylcholine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are the main resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When the arterial blood pressure rises

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles. The arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: bradycardia),

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: internal carotid artery)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bradycardia),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arterial blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cholinergic parasympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cholinergic parasympathetic nerves to beat more slowly

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: stretching their walls.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood to leave the arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles. The arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles. The arterioles are the main resistance vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cholinergic parasympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the inflow of blood into the arteries is reduced,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: inflow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the arterioles are stimulated to dilate

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Stretch receptors

text: Hemostasis occurs when blood is present outside of the body or blood vessels. It is the instinctive response for the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. During hemostasis three steps occur in a rapid sequence. Vascular spasm is the first response as the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost. In the second step, platelet plug formation, platelets stick together to form a temporary seal to cover the break in the vessel wall. The third and last step is called coagulation or blood clotting. Coagulation reinforces the platelet plug with fibrin threads that act as a "molecular glue". Platelets are a large factor in the hemostatic process. They allow for the creation of the "platelet plug" that forms almost directly after a blood vessel has been ruptured. Within seconds of a blood vessel's epithelial wall being disrupted platelets begin to adhere to the sub-endothelium surface. It takes approximately sixty seconds until the first fibrin strands begin to intersperse among the wound. After several minutes the platelet plug is completely formed by fibrin. Hemostasis is maintained in the body via three mechanisms:

text: Hemostasis occurs when blood is present outside of the body or blood vessels. It is the instinctive response for the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. During hemostasis three steps occur in a rapid sequence. Vascular spasm is the first response as the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost. In the second step, platelet plug formation,

text: platelets

text: stick together to form a temporary seal to cover the break in the vessel wall. The third and last step is called coagulation or blood clotting. Coagulation reinforces the platelet plug with fibrin threads that act as a "molecular glue". Platelets are a large factor in the hemostatic process. They allow for the creation of the "platelet plug" that forms almost directly after a blood vessel has been ruptured. Within seconds of a blood vessel's epithelial wall being disrupted platelets begin to adhere to the sub-

text: endothelium

text: surface. It takes approximately sixty seconds until the first fibrin strands begin to intersperse among the wound. After several minutes the platelet plug is completely formed by fibrin. Hemostasis is maintained in the body via three mechanisms:

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does hemostasis work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epithelial wall and

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: platelets are a large factor in the hemostatic process

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to allow less blood to be lost

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coagulation

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coagulation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coagulation

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Hemostasis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Platelets

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coagulation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sub-endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: three mechanisms:

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epithelial wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is present outside of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vascular spasm

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coagulation or blood clotting.

text: The device is made from a single wire of nitinol, a flexible alloy of nickel and titanium.Nitinol was originally developed by the US military.The tiny Nit Occlud devices are small and intricate, and difficult to mass-produce. Instead they are woven by Aymara women in a "clean room".It takes about two hours to make each device.The device can be placed without an invasive operation, using cardiac catheterization.Nitinol is able to memorize its shape. The device is folded up and inserted into a catheter which is inserted into the groin and then run through blood vessels to the position in the heart where it is to be placed. The device is released and returns to its original shape, blocking the hole that caused the heart problem.By using a minimally invasive approach the technique addresses the concerns of some indigenous people of Bolivia that to manipulate the heart is to desecrate the soul.It takes about 30 minutes to place the device.

text: The device is made from a single wire of

text: nitinol

text: , a flexible alloy of

text: nickel

text: and

text: titanium

text: .Nitinol was originally developed by the US military.The tiny Nit Occlud devices are small and intricate, and difficult to mass-produce. Instead they are woven by

text: Aymara

text: women in a "clean room".It takes about two hours to make each device.The device can be placed without an invasive operation, using

text: cardiac catheterization

text: .Nitinol is able to memorize its shape. The device is folded up and inserted into a catheter which is inserted into the groin and then run through blood vessels to the position in the heart where it is to be placed. The device is released and returns to its original shape, blocking the hole that caused the heart problem.By using a minimally invasive approach the technique addresses the concerns of some indigenous people of Bolivia that to manipulate the heart is to desecrate the soul.It takes about 30 minutes to place the device.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: an invasive operation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nit Occlud

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: nitinol

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The device can be placed without an invasive operation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the groin or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of the device?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Nit Occlud

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: invasive operation,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hole

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: groin and then run through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: groin and then run through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitinol,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: groin and then run through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: groin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blocking the hole that caused the heart problem.By

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: groin and then run through blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiac catheterization.Nitinol

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blocking the hole that caused the heart problem.By

text: While it was originally proposed that NETs would be formed in tissues at a site of bacterial/yeast infection, NETs have also been shown to form within blood vessels during sepsis (specifically in the lung capillaries and liver sinusoids).  Intra-vascular NET formation is tightly controlled and is regulated by platelets, which sense severe infection via platelet TLR4 and then bind to and activate neutrophils to form NETs.  Platelet-induced NET formation occurs very rapidly (in minutes) and does not result in death of the neutrophils.  NETs formed in blood vessels can catch circulating bacteria as they pass through the vessels.  Trapping of bacteria under flow has been imaged directly in flow chambers in vitro and intravital microscopy demonstrated that bacterial trapping occurs in the liver sinusoids and lung capillaries (sites where platelets bind neutrophils). NETs also have a role in thrombosis.

text: While it was originally proposed that NETs would be formed in tissues at a site of bacterial/yeast infection, NETs have also been shown to form within

text: blood vessel

text: s during

text: sepsis

text: (specifically in the lung

text: capillaries

text: and

text: liver sinusoid

text: s).  Intra-vascular NET formation is tightly controlled and is regulated by

text: platelet

text: s, which sense severe infection via platelet

text: and then bind to and activate neutrophils to form NETs.  Platelet-induced NET formation occurs very rapidly (in minutes) and does not result in death of the neutrophils.  NETs formed in blood vessels can catch circulating bacteria as they pass through the vessels.  Trapping of bacteria under flow has been imaged directly in flow chambers

text: in vitro

text: and intravital microscopy demonstrated that bacterial trapping occurs in the liver sinusoids and lung capillaries (sites where platelets bind neutrophils). NETs also have a role in

text: thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: NETs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a site of bacterial/yeast infection?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a site of bacterial/yeast infection?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: lung capillaries or liver sinusoids?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the role of NETs in thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: TLR4

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver sinusoids

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: does not result in death of the neutrophils

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: lung capillaries or liver sinusoids?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a site of bacterial/yeast infection?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the role of NETs in thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: thrombosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: flow chambers

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: flow chambers

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lung capillaries and liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: thrombosis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: bacterial/yeast infection,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: flow chambers

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neutrophils

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: platelets,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: platelets,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: NETs formed in blood vessels can catch circulating bacteria

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: platelet TLR4

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lung capillaries and liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lung capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver sinusoids).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: death of the neutrophils.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: platelet TLR4

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: platelets, which sense severe infection via platelet TLR4

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: platelets, which sense severe infection via platelet TLR4

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: platelets,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: NETs formed in blood vessels can catch circulating bacteria

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: thrombosis.

text: The idea that blood recirculates through the body rather than being produced anew by the liver and the heart was first accepted as a result of works of William Harvey—a work he published in 1628. In 1652, Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), a Swede, discovered certain transparent vessels in the liver that contained clear fluid (and not white), and thus named them hepatico-aqueous vessels. He also learned that they emptied into the thoracic duct, and that they had valves. He announced his findings in the court of Queen Christina of Sweden, but did not publish his findings for a year, and in the interim similar findings were published by Thomas Bartholin, who additionally published that such vessels are present everywhere in the body, not just in the liver. He is also the one to have named them "lymphatic vessels." This had resulted in a bitter dispute between one of Bartholin's pupils, Martin Bogdan, and Rudbeck, whom he accused of plagiarism.

text: The idea that blood recirculates through the body rather than being produced anew by the liver and the heart was first accepted as a result of works of

text: William Harvey

text: —a work he published in 1628. In 1652,

text: Olaus Rudbeck

text: (1630–1702), a Swede, discovered certain transparent vessels in the liver that contained clear fluid (and not white), and thus named them hepatico-aqueous vessels. He also learned that they emptied into the thoracic duct, and that they had valves. He announced his findings in the court of

text: Queen Christina of Sweden

text: , but did not publish his findings for a year, and in the interim similar findings were published by

text: Thomas Bartholin

text: , who additionally published that such vessels are present everywhere in the body, not just in the liver. He is also the one to have named them "lymphatic vessels." This had resulted in a bitter dispute between one of Bartholin's pupils, Martin Bogdan, and Rudbeck, whom he accused of

text: plagiarism

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what was first accepted as a result of works of William Harvey

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: what is the first accepted as a result of works of William Harvey

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does lymphatic vessels carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: what is the first accepted as a result of works

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing devices

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymphatic vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood recirculates

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the liver and the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: what is the first accepted as a result of works of William Harvey?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hepatico-aqueous vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: liver and the heart

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Olaus Rudbeck

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: hepatico-aqueous vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: hepatico-aqueous vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: "lymphatic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood recirculates through the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: produced anew

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Olaus Rudbeck

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: liver and the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thoracic duct,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: "lymphatic vessels."

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: William Harvey—a work he published in 1628.

text: In the eighth chapter, Harvey estimated the capacity of the heart, how much blood is expelled through each pump of the heart, and the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour. From these estimations, he demonstrated that according to Gaelen's theory that blood was continually produced in the liver, the absurdly large figure of 540 pounds of blood would have to be produced every day. Having this simple mathematical proportion at hand – which would imply a seemingly impossible role for the liver – Harvey went on to demonstrate how the blood circulated in a circle by means of countless experiments initially done on serpents and fish: tying their veins and arteries in separate periods of time, Harvey noticed the modifications which occurred; indeed, as he tied the veins, the heart would become empty, while as he did the same to the arteries, the organ would swell up.

text: In the eighth chapter, Harvey estimated the capacity of the

text: heart

text: , how much

text: blood

text: is expelled through each

text: pump

text: of the

text: heart

text: , and the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour. From these estimations, he demonstrated that according to Gaelen's theory that blood was continually produced in the liver, the absurdly large figure of 540 pounds of blood would have to be produced every day. Having this simple mathematical proportion at hand – which would imply a seemingly impossible role for the

text: liver

text: – Harvey went on to demonstrate how the

text: blood

text: circulated in a circle by means of countless experiments initially done on

text: serpents

text: and

text: fish

text: : tying their

text: veins

text: and

text: arteries

text: in separate periods of time, Harvey noticed the modifications which occurred; indeed, as he tied the

text: veins

text: , the

text: heart

text: would become empty, while as he did the same to the arteries, the organ would swell up.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart would become empty

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: number of times the heart beats in a half hour

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the fourth

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the capacity of the heart

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How much blood is expelled through each pump

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the organ would swell up

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a device

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood was continually produced in the liver

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: swell up

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: swell up.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: eighth

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: as he tied the veins,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: eighth

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: circle

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: half an hour.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the number of times the heart beats in a half an hour.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries, the organ would swell up.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 540 pounds of blood would have to be produced every day.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood circulated in a circle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries, the organ would swell up.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries, the organ would swell up.

text: Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss.  Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus.

text: Thrombosis is the formation of a

text: blood clot

text: inside a

text: blood vessel

text: , obstructing the flow of

text: blood

text: through the

text: circulatory system

text: . When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses

text: platelets

text: (thrombocytes) and

text: fibrin

text: to form a

text: blood clot

text: to prevent blood loss.  Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an

text: embolus

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right, left, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of clot: Thrombosis, embolus, or thrombosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets and fibrin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: clots

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood clot?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (thrombocytes)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Thrombosis

text: Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve. Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. This leads to a hypoplastic (undersized) or absent right ventricle. This defect is contracted during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish developing. It causes the heart to be unable to properly oxygenate the rest of the blood in the body. Because of this, the body does not have enough oxygen to live, so other defects must occur to maintain blood flow.Because of the lack of an A-V connection, an atrial septal defect (ASD) must be present to fill the left ventricle with blood. Also, since there is a lack of a right ventricle there must be a way to pump blood into the pulmonary arteries, and this is accomplished by a ventricular septal defect (VSD).The causes of Tricupsid atresia are unknown.

text: Tricuspid atresia is a form of

text: congenital heart disease

text: whereby there is a complete absence of the

text: tricuspid valve

text: . Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. This leads to a

text: hypoplastic

text: (undersized) or absent

text: right ventricle

text: . This defect is contracted during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish developing. It causes the heart to be unable to properly oxygenate the rest of the blood in the body. Because of this, the body does not have enough oxygen to live, so other defects must occur to maintain blood flow.Because of the lack of an A-V connection, an

text: atrial septal defect

text: (ASD) must be present to fill the left ventricle with blood. Also, since there is a lack of a right ventricle there must be a way to pump blood into the

text: pulmonary arteries

text: , and this is accomplished by a

text: ventricular septal defect

text: (VSD).The causes of Tricupsid atresia are unknown.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tricuspid

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Tricuspid atresia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a form of congenital heart disease: Tricuspid atresia, atrial septal defect, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of defect: atrial septal defect (ASD) or pulmonary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the lack of a right ventricle do to the pulmonary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of Tricuspid atresia?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ASD

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lack of a right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a form of congenital heart disease: Tricuspid atresia, atrial septal defect, or pulmonary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, pulmonary arteries, or tricuspid valve?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial septal defect

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: atrioventricular connection.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: tricuspid valve.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow.Because

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Tricuspid atresia

text: - Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart.- Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.- Displays the lactic acid from the muscle.- Improves endurance exercise capacity, reduces the feeling of fatigue.

text: - Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart.- Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.- Displays the lactic acid from the muscle.- Improves endurance exercise capacity, reduces the feeling of fatigue.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Displays the lactic acid from the muscle.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Improves endurance exercise capacity, reduces the feeling of fatigue.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Displays the lactic acid from the muscle.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart.-

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulsation

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Increases the amplitude of the pulsation of the heart.-

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Expands peripheral blood vessels and increases blood flow velocity.-

text: The vascular system consists of two main vessels connected by lateral vessels in each segment. Blood is carried forward in the dorsal vessel (in the upper part of the body) and back through the ventral vessel (underneath), before passing into a sinus surrounding the intestine. Some of the smaller vessels are muscular, effectively forming hearts; from one to five pairs of such hearts is typical. The blood of oligochaetes contains haemoglobin in all but the smallest of species, which have no need of respiratory pigments.

text: The vascular system consists of two main vessels connected by lateral vessels in each segment. Blood is carried forward in the dorsal vessel (in the upper part of the body) and back through the ventral vessel (underneath), before passing into a sinus surrounding the intestine. Some of the smaller vessels are muscular, effectively forming hearts; from one to five pairs of such hearts is typical. The blood of oligochaetes contains

text: haemoglobin

text: in all but the smallest of species, which have no need of respiratory pigments.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Some of the smaller vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many pairs of such hearts are typical?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How many pairs of such hearts are typical?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the vascular system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main function of the lateral vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lateral vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Some of the smaller vessels are muscular, effectively forming hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The vascular system consists of two main vessels connected by lateral vessels in each segment

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel in the body?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: intestine.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: smaller vessels are muscular,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: respiratory pigments.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: ventral vessel (underneath),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lateral vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Some of the smaller vessels are muscular, effectively forming hearts;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: hearts;

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood is carried forward in the dorsal vessel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: haemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscular,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hearts;

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: muscular, effectively forming hearts;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ventral vessel (underneath),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventral vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: two main vessels connected by lateral vessels in each segment.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ventral vessel (underneath),

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lateral vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lateral vessels in each segment.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The vascular system

text: Nitric oxide (NO) is of critical importance as a mediator of vasodilation in blood vessels. It is induced by several factors, and once synthesized by eNOS it results in phosphorylation of several proteins that cause smooth muscle relaxation. The vasodilatory actions of nitric oxide play a key role in renal control of extracellular fluid homeostasis and is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. NO also plays a role in erection of the penis and clitoris.

text: Nitric oxide (NO) is of critical importance as a mediator of

text: vasodilation

text: in blood vessels. It is induced by several factors, and once synthesized by eNOS it results in phosphorylation of several proteins that cause smooth muscle relaxation. The vasodilatory actions of nitric oxide play a key role in renal control of

text: extracellular fluid homeostasis

text: and is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. NO also plays a role in

text: erection

text: of the

text: penis

text: and

text: clitoris

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: ventricles, atria or smooth muscle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the function of nitric oxide?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: eNOS

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of nitric oxide?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or right atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, penis, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: clitoris.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Nitric oxide

text: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels. By relaxing the tone of this smooth muscle, calcium channel blockers dilate the blood vessels. This has led to their use in treating high blood pressure and angina pectoris. The pain of angina is caused by a deficit in oxygen supply to the heart. Calcium channel blockers like verapamil dilate blood vessels, which increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. This controls chest pain, but only when used regularly. It does not stop chest pain once it starts. A more powerful vasodilator such as nitroglycerin may be needed to control pain once it starts.

text: Calcium channels are also present in the

text: smooth muscle

text: lining blood vessels. By relaxing the tone of this smooth muscle, calcium channel blockers dilate the blood vessels. This has led to their use in treating

text: high blood pressure

text: and

text: angina pectoris

text: . The pain of angina is caused by a deficit in oxygen supply to the heart. Calcium channel blockers like verapamil dilate blood vessels, which increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. This controls chest pain, but only when used regularly. It does not stop chest pain once it starts. A more powerful vasodilator such as

text: nitroglycerin

text: may be needed to control pain once it starts.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina pectoris

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angina

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: smooth muscle lining

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angina pectoris

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the smooth muscle lining blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of verapamil?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of calcium channel blockers?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: smooth muscle lining blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atrium, right ventricle, or smooth muscle lining blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angina pectoris.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angina pectoris. The pain of angina

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: angina pectoris.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angina pectoris. The pain of angina

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angina pectoris.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angina pectoris.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: nitroglycerin

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: calcium channel blockers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angina pectoris.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: nitroglycerin

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle lining blood vessels.

text: In cardiovascular research, the zebrafish has been used to model blood clotting, blood vessel development, heart failure, and congenital heart and kidney disease.

text: In cardiovascular research, the zebrafish has been used to model

text: blood clotting

text: blood vessel development

text: , heart failure, and

text: congenital heart and kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following does not pass through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the zebrafish have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the zebrafish model blood clotting?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood clotting does not occur in capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The zebrafish has been used to model blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clotting, blood vessel development,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessel development, heart failure, and congenital heart and kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel development, heart failure, and congenital heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: zebrafish has been used to model blood clotting,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: zebrafish has been used to model blood clotting,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: zebrafish has been used to model blood clotting,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: zebrafish

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: zebrafish

text: A vasoactive substance is an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing blood pressure and/or heart rate through its vasoactivity, that is, vascular activity (effect on blood vessels). By adjusting vascular compliance and vascular resistance, typically through vasodilation and vasoconstriction, it helps the body's homeostatic mechanisms (such as the renin–angiotensin system) to keep hemodynamics under control. For example, angiotensin, bradykinin, histamine, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide are important endogenous vasoactive substances. Vasoactive drug therapy is typically used when a patient has the blood pressure and heart rate monitored constantly. The dosage is typically titrated (adjusted up or down) to achieve a desired effect or range of values as determined by competent clinicians.

text: A vasoactive substance is an

text: endogenous

text: agent or

text: pharmaceutical drug

text: that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing

text: blood pressure

text: and/or

text: heart rate

text: through its vasoactivity, that is, vascular activity (effect on

text: blood vessel

text: s). By adjusting

text: vascular compliance

text: and

text: vascular resistance

text: , typically through

text: vasodilation

text: and

text: vasoconstriction

text: , it helps the body's

text: homeostatic

text: mechanisms (such as the

text: renin–angiotensin system

text: ) to keep

text: hemodynamics

text: under control. For example,

text: angiotensin

text: bradykinin

text: histamine

text: nitric oxide

text: , and

text: vasoactive intestinal peptide

text: are important endogenous vasoactive substances. Vasoactive drug therapy is typically used when a patient has the blood pressure and heart rate

text: monitored

text: constantly. The

text: dosage

text: is typically titrated (adjusted up or down) to achieve a desired effect or

text: range of values

text: as determined by competent clinicians.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing blood pressure and/or heart rate through its vasoactivity?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does vasodilation increase?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vasoactive drug therapy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasoactive substance

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasoactive

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vasoactive substance is an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What part of the body does the aorta carry blood to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: By adjusting vascular compliance and vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular compliance and vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: renin–angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: renin–angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: renin–angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: renin–angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: renin–angiotensin system)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: A vasoactive substance

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasodilation and vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular compliance and vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: nitric oxide,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular activity (effect on blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vasoactive substance

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular activity

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular compliance and vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: renin–angiotensin system)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A vasoactive substance

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vascular compliance and vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: renin–angiotensin system)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A vasoactive substance

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular activity (effect on blood vessels).

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: adjusting vascular compliance and vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: A vasoactive substance

text: Physical activity affects one’s blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood lipid levels, blood clotting factors and the strength of blood vessels. All factors that directly correlate to cardiovascular disease. It also improves the body’s use of insulin. People who are at risk for diabetes, Type 2 (insulin resistant) especially, benefit greatly from physical activity because it activates a better usage of insulin and protects the heart. Those who develop diabetes have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In a study where a sample of around ten thousand adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, physical activity and metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia were assessed. The study adjusted basic confounders with moderate/vigorous physical activity and the relation with CVD mortality. The results displayed physical activity being associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality that was independent of traditional metabolic risk factors.

text: Physical activity affects one’s blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood lipid levels, blood clotting factors and the strength of blood vessels. All factors that directly correlate to

text: cardiovascular disease

text: . It also improves the body’s use of insulin. People who are at risk for diabetes, Type 2 (insulin resistant) especially, benefit greatly from physical activity because it activates a better usage of insulin and protects the heart. Those who develop diabetes have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In a study where a sample of around ten thousand adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, physical activity and metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia were assessed. The study adjusted basic confounders with moderate/vigorous physical activity and the relation with CVD mortality. The results displayed physical activity being associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality that was independent of traditional metabolic risk factors.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Those who develop diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of physical activity?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the strength of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Type 2

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cholesterol levels, blood lipid levels, blood clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: insulin.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the strength of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: strength of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: strength of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Physical activity

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol levels, blood lipid levels, blood clotting factors

text: NIHSS has gained popularity as a clinical tool utilized in treatment planning. Minimum and maximum NIHSS scores have been set for multiple treatment options in order to assist physicians in choosing an appropriate treatment plan.Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a type of Thrombolysis is currently the only proven treatment for acute ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes are the result of blood clots that are preventing blood flow within a cerebral blood vessel.  The goal of tPA treatment is to break up the clots that are occluding the vessel, and restore cerebral blood flow. Treatment with tPA has been shown to improve patient outcome in some studies and to be harmful in others.  The effectiveness and risk of tPA is strongly correlated with the delay between stroke onset and tPA delivery. Current standards recommend for tPA to be delivered within 3 hours of onset, while best results occur when treatment is delivered within 90 minutes of onset. Since the NIHSS has been established as a quick and consistent quantifier of stroke severity, many physicians have looked to NIHSS scores as indicators for tPA treatment. This rapid assessment of stroke severity is targeted to reduce delay of tPA treatment. Some hospitals use an NIHSS of less than 5 to exclude patients from tPA treatment, however the American Heart Association urges against NIHSS scores being used as the sole reason for declaring a patient as ineligible for tPA treatment.

text: NIHSS has gained popularity as a clinical tool utilized in treatment planning. Minimum and maximum NIHSS scores have been set for multiple treatment options in order to assist physicians in choosing an appropriate treatment plan.

text: Tissue plasminogen activator

text: (tPA), a type of

text: Thrombolysis

text: is currently the only proven treatment for acute

text: ischemic

text: strokes. Ischemic strokes are the result of blood clots that are preventing blood flow within a cerebral

text: blood vessel

text: .  The goal of tPA treatment is to break up the

text: clots

text: that are occluding the vessel, and restore cerebral blood flow. Treatment with tPA has been shown to improve patient outcome in some studies and to be harmful in others.  The effectiveness and risk of tPA is strongly correlated with the delay between stroke onset and tPA delivery. Current standards recommend for tPA to be delivered within 3 hours of onset, while best results occur when treatment is delivered within 90 minutes of onset. Since the NIHSS has been established as a quick and consistent quantifier of stroke severity, many physicians have looked to NIHSS scores as indicators for tPA treatment. This rapid assessment of stroke severity is targeted to reduce delay of tPA treatment. Some hospitals use an NIHSS of less than 5 to exclude patients from tPA treatment, however the

text: American Heart Association

text: urges against NIHSS scores being used as the sole reason for declaring a patient as ineligible for tPA treatment.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic stroke

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic strokes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tPA

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of Thrombolysis?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of Thrombolysis?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the goal of tPA treatment?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow within a cerebral blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of Thrombolysis?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the goal of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: delay between stroke onset and tPA delivery.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart Association

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: clots that are preventing blood flow within a cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: NIHSS of less than 5

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: NIHSS

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cerebral

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow within a cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: NIHSS

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: preventing blood flow within a cerebral blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the American Heart Association

text: The most widely accepted theory at present is that high transmural pressures lead to pulmonary capillary stress failure. Others hypothesize  that there are contributions from the bronchial circulation as well.  Pulmonary capillary transmural pressure is determined by pulmonary capillary pressure and airway pressure. The horse has very high pulmonary vascular pressures during intense exercise; commonly exceeding 100mmHg in the pulmonary artery during intense exercise. During expiration the high positive pressures in the pulmonary blood vessels pushing out are opposed by high positive airway pressures pushing back and this does not place undue stress on the thin blood vessel walls. During inspiration the high positive pressures in the pulmonary blood vessels pushing out are met by negative pressures distending the blood vessel and placing increased stress on the walls.Studies in vitro have demonstrated that significant disruption of the pulmonary capillaries occurs at pressures of approximately 80 mmHg. In vivo it has also been shown that significant EIPH occurs above a mean pulmonary artery pressure of around 80–95 mmHg. On the basis of this theory, any factor or disease that would increase pulmonary vascular pressures (e.g. hypervolaemia) or increase the magnitude of the negative pressures in the lung during inspiration (e.g. dynamic upper airway obstruction) would be expected to increase the severity of EIPH. But neither experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia nor dorsal displacement of the soft palate increased pulmonary capillary transmural pressure.Furthermore, the magnitude of exercise-induced pulmonary arterial, capillary and venous hypertension is reportedly similar in horses either with or without EIPH.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: expiration

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypervolaemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypervolaemia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What happens first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the horse have very high pulmonary vascular pressures?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the horse have very high pulmonary vascular pressures during intense exercise

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the horse have very high pulmonary vascular pressures?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a series of electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: significant disruption of the pulmonary capillaries occurs at pressures of approximately 80 mmHg

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary capillary pressure and airway pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: During inspiration the high positive pressures in the pulmonary blood vessels pushing out are met by negative pressures

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary capillary transmural

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: inspiration

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary capillary transmural

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: EIPH.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypervolaemia)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: inspiration

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: negative pressures

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary vascular pressures

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary capillary transmural

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary capillary transmural

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: airway pressure.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary capillary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary capillary transmural pressure.Furthermore,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary arterial, capillary and venous

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: –95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous hypertension

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery pressure of around 80–95 mmHg.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary capillary stress failure.

text: In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread (suture) tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure (e.g. urethra) to shut it off. With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a hemostat, then secure it by ligating it; i.e. using a piece of suture around it before dividing the structure and releasing the hemostat. It is different from a tourniquet in that the tourniquet will not be secured by knots and it can therefore be released/tightened at will.

text: In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread (

text: suture

text: ) tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure (e.g.

text: urethra

text: ) to shut it off. With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a

text: hemostat

text: , then secure it by ligating it; i.e. using a piece of suture around it before dividing the structure and releasing the hemostat. It is different from a

text: tourniquet

text: in that the tourniquet will not be secured by knots and it can therefore be released/tightened at will.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ligature

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does an artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a ligation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the tourniquet will not be secured by knots

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: artery and vein

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: a ligature

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: artery or vein with a hemostat,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: a ligature

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: artery or vein with a hemostat,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: urethra)

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hemostat,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: urethra)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: released/tightened at will.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: hemostat,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: a ligature

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: artery or vein

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: artery or vein with a hemostat,

text: In further studies conducted by Dr. Norman K. Hollenberg, professor of medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School found that flavonols may also help vessels dilate and help keep platelets from clustering on the blood vessel walls. Flavonoids found in hot chocolate are beneficial to health mainly because they shield the walls of blood vessels from free radical damage. Flavanols are also thought to help reduce blood platelet buildup and can balance levels of compounds called eicosanoids, which may be beneficial to cardiovascular health.

text: In further studies conducted by Dr. Norman K. Hollenberg, professor of medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School found that flavonols may also help vessels dilate and help keep platelets from clustering on the blood vessel walls. Flavonoids found in hot chocolate are beneficial to health mainly because they shield the walls of blood vessels from

text: free radical

text: damage. Flavanols are also thought to help reduce blood

text: platelet

text: buildup and can balance levels of compounds called

text: eicosanoids

text: , which may be beneficial to cardiovascular health.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: free radical damage

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of flavonoids found in hot chocolate?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It increases the amount of blood they can carry

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: flavonols

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: platelets from clustering on the blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of flavonols?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: hot chocolate

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Brigham and Women's Hospital

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: free radical damage.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: free radical damage.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: flavonols

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: flavonols

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel walls.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: flavonols

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Women's

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Flavonoids found in hot chocolate

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: mainly because they shield the walls of blood vessels from free radical damage.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: flavonols may also help vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: free radical damage.

text: The transplantation process starts after the donor lungs are inspected and the decision to transplant has been made. An incision is then made from under the patient's armpit, around to the sternum, and then back towards the other armpit; this is known as a clamshell incision. In the case of a sequential transplant the recipients lung with the poorest lung functions is collapsed, the blood vessels tied off, and cut at the corresponding bronchi. The new lung is then placed and the blood vessels reattached. To make sure the lung is satisfactory before transplanting the other a bronchoscopy is performed. When the surgeons are satisfied with the performance of the new lung, surgery on the second lung will proceed. In 10% to 20% of double-lung transplants the patient is hooked up to a heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

text: The transplantation process starts after the donor lungs are inspected and the decision to transplant has been made. An incision is then made from under the patient's armpit, around to the sternum, and then back towards the other armpit; this is known as a clamshell incision. In the case of a sequential transplant the recipients lung with the poorest

text: lung functions

text: is collapsed, the blood vessels tied off, and cut at the corresponding

text: bronchi

text: . The new lung is then placed and the blood vessels reattached. To make sure the lung is satisfactory before transplanting the other a

text: bronchoscopy

text: is performed. When the surgeons are satisfied with the performance of the new lung, surgery on the second lung will proceed. In 10% to 20% of double-lung transplants the patient is hooked up to a

text: heart-lung machine

text: which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bronchi

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lung transplants

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: bronchi, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The lungs

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bronchi

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: bronchi

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels reattached

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the case of a sequential transplant the recipient lung with the poorest lung functions is collapsed

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bronchi.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: bronchi.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sequential transplant the recipients lung with the poorest lung functions

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart-lung

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bronchi.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: bronchi.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels reattached.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart-lung machine

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heart-lung machine which pumps blood for the body and supplies fresh oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart-lung machine

text: Blood vessels play a huge role in virtually every medical condition. Cancer, for example, cannot progress unless the tumor causes angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand. Atherosclerosis, the formation of lipid lumps (atheromas) in the blood vessel wall, is the most common cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death in the Western world.

text: Blood vessels play a huge role in virtually every medical condition.

text: Cancer

text: , for example, cannot progress unless the tumor causes

text: angiogenesis

text: (formation of new blood vessels) to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand.

text: Atherosclerosis

text: , the formation of

text: lipid

text: lumps (

text: atheroma

text: s) in the blood vessel wall, is the most common

text: cardiovascular disease

text: , the main cause of death in the Western world.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lipid

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atria, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the atria, the ventricles, or the lipid lumps?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main cause of death in the Western world?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the main cause of death in the Western world?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main cause of death in the Western world?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cancer, for example, cannot progress unless the tumor causes angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the main cause of death in the Western world?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main cause of death in the Western world?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood vessels play a huge role in virtually every medical condition.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lipid lumps

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (formation of new blood vessels) to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels) to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (formation of new blood vessels) to supply the malignant cells' metabolic demand.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: lipid lumps (atheromas) in the blood vessel wall,

text: Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels – the arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body. It is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease. Disorders in this vast network of blood vessels, can cause a range of health problems which can be severe or prove fatal.

text: Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the

text: blood vessel

text: s – the

text: arteries

text: and

text: veins

text: of the

text: circulatory system

text: of the

text: body

text: . It is a subgroup of

text: cardiovascular disease

text: . Disorders in this vast network of blood vessels, can cause a range of health problems which can be severe or prove fatal.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a subgroup of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body have?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Vascular disease carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vascular disease is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a subgroup of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vascular disease

text: In 1978, Furchgott discovered a substance in endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels, calling it endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). By 1986, he had worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism of action, and determined that EDRF was in fact nitric oxide (NO), an important compound in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology. This research is important in explaining a wide variety of neuronal, cardiovascular, and general physiologic processed of central importance in human health and disease.

text: In 1978, Furchgott discovered a substance in

text: endothelial cells

text: that relaxes

text: blood vessel

text: s, calling it

text: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

text: (EDRF). By 1986, he had worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism of action, and determined that EDRF was in fact

text: nitric oxide

text: (NO), an important compound in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology. This research is important in explaining a wide variety of neuronal, cardiovascular, and general physiologic processed of central importance in human health and disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does NOT contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does EDRF relax?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is EDRF?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EDRF

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular physiology.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endothelium-derived relaxing factor

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: relaxes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: nitric oxide

text: Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output (the flow of blood pumped by the heart) through the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers. An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles (arteriolosclerosis) as the vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases.

text: Blood pressure

text: in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the

text: cardiac output

text: (the flow of blood pumped by the heart) through the vascular resistance, usually termed

text: total peripheral resistance

text: by physicians and researchers. An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles (

text: arteriolosclerosis

text: ) as the vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriolosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteriolosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular wall thickens

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: through the vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral resistance

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (arteriolosclerosis)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (arteriolosclerosis)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: total peripheral resistance

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular wall thickens

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: (the flow of blood pumped by the heart) through the vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood pressure in the arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood pressure in the arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertensive arterioles

text: An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel. The embolus may be a blood clot (thrombus), a fat globule, a bubble of air or other gas (gas embolism), or foreign material. An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel. Such a blockage (a vascular occlusion) may affect a part of the body distant from where the embolus originated. An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism. Thrombosis, the process of thrombus formation, often leads to thromboembolism.

text: An embolism is the lodging of an

text: embolus

text: , a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a

text: blood vessel

text: . The embolus may be a blood clot (

text: thrombus

text: ), a

text: fat

text: globule, a bubble of

text: air

text: or other

text: gas

text: gas embolism

text: ), or

text: foreign material

text: . An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of

text: blood flow

text: in the affected vessel. Such a blockage (a

text: vascular occlusion

text: ) may affect a part of the body distant from where the embolus originated. An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism.

text: Thrombosis

text: , the process of thrombus formation, often leads to thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular occlusion

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular occlusion

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of embolus: gas embolism, fat globule, or foreign material?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of embolus: fat globule, bubble of air or other gas, or foreign material?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not an embolus: thrombus, fat globule, or foreign material?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: thrombus

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a battery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: fat globules

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood clot: thrombus, or foreign material?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atrium, right ventricle, or fat globule?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, fat globule, or foreign material?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular occlusion)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: embolism

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (gas

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular occlusion)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (gas

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (thrombus),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: air or other gas

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: thromboembolism.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: An embolism

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: embolism

text: According to Cannon, the emotion of fear working on the mind, which he terms the "sympathetic" or "sympathico-adrenal" division of the nervous system, causes a fall in blood pressure as brought on by "a reduction of the volume of circulating blood". Cannon explains the loss of blood volume by the constant injection of adrenaline into the small arterioles which constrict, preventing a proper flow of blood within the body and causing a drop in blood pressure. From there, the weak blood pressure prevents the sufficient circulation of the blood by damaging the heart and nerves responsible for the maintenance of the vessels which transport blood, thus making it harder for circulation to continue since the very organs necessary to maintain proper blood circulation are deteriorating. An accelerated heart rate then ensues, followed by rapid breathing. Added to these symptoms are the effects of no food or drink in the person experiencing psychological distress: Cannon suggests that true shock, in the medical sense, could be the cause of death as a result of little food or drink. States Cannon: "The combination of lack of food and water, anxiety, very rapid pulse and respiration, associated with a shocking experience having persistent effects, would fit well with fatal conditions reported from primitive tribes."

text: According to Cannon, the emotion of fear working on the mind, which he terms the "sympathetic" or "sympathico-adrenal" division of the nervous system, causes a fall in blood pressure as brought on by "a reduction of the volume of circulating blood". Cannon explains the loss of blood volume by the constant injection of adrenaline into the small arterioles which constrict, preventing a proper flow of blood within the body and causing a drop in blood pressure. From there, the weak blood pressure prevents the sufficient circulation of the blood by damaging the heart and nerves responsible for the maintenance of the vessels which transport blood, thus making it harder for circulation to continue since the very organs necessary to maintain proper blood circulation are deteriorating. An accelerated heart rate then ensues, followed by rapid breathing. Added to these symptoms are the effects of no food or drink in the person experiencing psychological distress: Cannon suggests that true shock, in the medical sense, could be the cause of death as a result of little food or drink. States Cannon: "The combination of lack of food and water, anxiety, very rapid pulse and respiration, associated with a shocking experience having persistent effects, would fit well with fatal conditions reported from primitive tribes."

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: constrict

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lack of food and water

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: which constrict, preventing a proper flow of blood within the body

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arterioles, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood volume by the constant injection of adrenaline into the small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true: blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood circulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: adrenaline into the small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: shock,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: no food or drink in the person experiencing psychological distress:

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: adrenaline into the small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: loss of blood volume by the constant injection of adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart and nerves

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: vessels which transport blood,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: small arterioles

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: adrenaline

text: The cardio-vascular system of Centauri includes two hearts instead of the single heart that humans have.  The right heart is a solid mass of muscle which provides most of the force behind the body's blood circulation.  The left heart is much more complex - this heart is made up of an intricate system of thousands of veins that help cleanse the blood in a manner similar to the human kidneys.  As a result, a heart attack in the left heart is a very serious matter because the left heart is very difficult to repair. Their network of blood vessels is also somewhat different from in humans, as they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

text: The

text: cardio-vascular system

text: of Centauri includes two hearts instead of the single heart that humans have.  The right heart is a solid mass of muscle which provides most of the force behind the body's blood circulation.  The left heart is much more complex - this heart is made up of an intricate system of thousands of veins that help cleanse the blood in a manner similar to the human kidneys.  As a result, a heart attack in the left heart is a very serious matter because the left heart is very difficult to repair. Their network of blood vessels is also somewhat different from in humans, as they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Centauri

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right, left, or complex?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not made up of an intricate system of thousands of veins: atria, ventricles, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the left heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the right heart carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the left heart to be more complex?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The right heart provides most of the force behind the body's blood circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the cardio-vascular system of Centauri: right atrium, right ventricle, or left heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, vein, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: wrists.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The right heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: wrists.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Centauri

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The right heart is a solid mass of muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wrists.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The right heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: wrists.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The right heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: they do not have major blood vessels in their wrists.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Centauri

text: Cardiovascular technologists (also known as a cardiovascular technician or vascular technologist) is a health professional who diagnoses cardiovascular problems. Using medical imaging methods, such as ultrasound among others, a cardiovascular technologist diagnoses heart conditions, vascular problems, or any ailment that involves the heart, arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.  Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

text: Cardiovascular technologists (also known as a cardiovascular technician or vascular technologist) is a health professional who diagnoses cardiovascular problems. Using medical imaging methods, such as ultrasound among others, a cardiovascular technologist diagnoses heart conditions, vascular problems, or any ailment that involves the heart, arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.  Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cardiovascular technologists

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, valves, or peripheral blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular problems

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart, arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries, valves,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular problems,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries, valves,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries, valves,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart, arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ultrasound

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, valves,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valves,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart, arteries, valves, and peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Certification is not required to enter the occupation in the United States.

text: The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat, and so includes the diastole, the systole, and the intervening pause. The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate, which is typically expressed as beats per minute.  Each beat of the heart involves five major stages. The first two stages, often considered together as the "ventricular filling" stage, involve the movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles. The next three stages involve the movement of blood from the ventricles to the pulmonary artery (in the case of the right ventricle) and the aorta (in the case of the left ventricle).

text: The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat, and so includes the

text: diastole

text: , the

text: systole

text: , and the intervening pause. The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the

text: heart rate

text: , which is typically expressed as

text: beats per minute

text: .  Each beat of the heart involves five major stages. The first two stages, often considered together as the "ventricular filling" stage, involve the movement of blood from the

text: atria

text: into the

text: ventricles

text: . The next three stages involve the movement of blood from the ventricles to the

text: pulmonary artery

text: (in the case of the right ventricle) and the

text: aorta

text: (in the case of the left ventricle).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a stage of the cardiac cycle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following does not carry oxygen-rich blood: pulmonary artery or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the last stage of the cardiac cycle?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first two stages, often considered together as the "ventricular filling" stage, involve the movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The first two stages, often considered together as the "ventricular filling" stage

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The next three stages involve the movement of blood from the ventricles to the pulmonary artery (in the case of the right ventricle)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The cardiac cycle

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The cardiac cycle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: from the atria into the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atria into the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The cardiac cycle

text: Smoking tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the ratio of high-density lipoprotein (the "good" cholesterol) to low-density lipoprotein (the "bad" cholesterol) tends to be lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking also raises the levels of fibrinogen and increases platelet production (both involved in blood clotting) which makes the blood viscous. Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells), resulting in a much stabler complex than haemoglobin bound with oxygen or carbon dioxide—the result is permanent loss of blood cell functionality. Blood cells are naturally recycled after a certain period of time, allowing for the creation of new, functional erythrocytes. However, if carbon monoxide exposure reaches a certain point before they can be recycled, hypoxia (and later death) occurs. All these factors make smokers more at risk of developing various forms of arteriosclerosis. As the arteriosclerosis progresses, blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels, making the blood more likely to form a thrombosis (clot). Sudden blockage of a blood vessel may lead to an infarction (stroke). However, it is also worth noting that the effects of smoking on the heart may be more subtle. These conditions may develop gradually given the smoking-healing cycle (the human body heals itself between periods of smoking), and therefore a smoker may develop less significant disorders such as worsening or maintenance of unpleasant dermatological conditions, e.g. eczema, due to reduced blood supply. Smoking also increases blood pressure and weakens blood vessels.

text: blood pressure

text: and weakens blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: narrowed

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is arteriosclerosis?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does carbon monoxide bind to?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of arteriosclerosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: weakening blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood cells are naturally recycled after a certain period of time

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: rigid and narrowed?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a result of smoking: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: clerosis progresses,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: erythrocytes.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: smoking

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells),

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: As the arteriosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteriosclerosis.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels,

text: Cardiovascular pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on the entire cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels.

text: Cardiovascular pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on the entire cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does cardiovascular pharmacology study?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is pharmacology?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels are not part of the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a left and a right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: drugs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: drugs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cardiovascular pharmacology

text: For over 100 years vasospasms are known, particularly in the vessels supplying the retina of the eye with blood. These vasospasms are temporary narrowings of arteries or arterioles, which result in an insufficient supply of blood of the corresponding organs or parts of organs. Such spasms can occur at various locations in the human body; in this case medical terminology calls it "vasospastic syndrome". Over the years, it has been established that these spasms are usually part of a general dysregulation of blood vessels. These dysregulations can occur in spasms as well as in excessive or insufficient dilation of arteries, veins, and capillaries. The blood vessels of individuals suffering from vasospastic syndrome respond to stimuli insufficiently. If an identifiable disease does not cause this, it is called a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD); in case of an underlying disease it is called secondary PVD. PVD is almost always associated with other vascular and non-vascular symptoms and signs. This entire complex (PVD and accompanying symptoms) is today called Flammer syndrome.

text: For over 100 years

text: vasospasm

text: s are known, particularly in the vessels supplying the retina of the eye with blood. These vasospasms are temporary narrowings of

text: arteries

text: or

text: arterioles

text: , which result in an insufficient supply of blood of the corresponding organs or parts of organs. Such spasms can occur at various locations in the human body; in this case medical terminology calls it "vasospastic syndrome". Over the years, it has been established that these spasms are usually part of a general dysregulation of blood vessels. These dysregulations can occur in spasms as well as in excessive or insufficient dilation of arteries, veins, and capillaries. The blood vessels of individuals suffering from vasospastic syndrome respond to stimuli insufficiently. If an identifiable disease does not cause this, it is called a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD); in case of an underlying disease it is called secondary PVD. PVD is almost always associated with other vascular and non-vascular symptoms and signs. This entire complex (PVD and accompanying symptoms) is today called Flammer syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: primary vascular dysregulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: retina of the eye

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries or arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vasospasms

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vasospastic syndrome

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Vasospasms

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: insufficient dilation of capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and arterioles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: primary vascular dysregulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: retina of the eye

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Flammer syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vasospasms

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries, veins, and capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: stimuli

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins, and capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries, veins, and capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: excessive or insufficient dilation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries or arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a primary vascular dysregulation

text: The circulatory system comprises the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The heart propels the circulation of the blood, which serves as a "transportation system" to transfer oxygen, fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells, and signalling molecules (i.e., hormones) from one part of the body to another. The blood consists of fluid that carries cells in the circulation, including some that move from tissue to blood vessels and back, as well as the spleen and bone marrow.

text: The

text: circulatory system

text: comprises the

text: heart

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: s (

text: arteries

text: vein

text: s, and

text: capillaries

text: ). The heart propels the circulation of the

text: blood

text: , which serves as a "transportation system" to transfer

text: oxygen

text: , fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells, and signalling molecules (i.e.,

text: hormones

text: ) from one part of the body to another. The

text: blood

text: consists of fluid that carries

text: cells

text: in the circulation, including some that move from tissue to blood vessels and back, as well as the

text: spleen

text: and

text: bone marrow

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the circulatory system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the circulatory system comprises the heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The circulatory system comprises the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel in the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: (arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (arteries, veins,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hormones)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hormones)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hormones)

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the heart and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

text: In December 2010 The Times reported that Dr Kelly had a rare abnormality in the arteries supplying his heart; the information had been disclosed by the head of the Academic Unit of Pathology at Sheffield University Medical School, Professor Paul Ince. Ince noted that the postmortem had found severe narrowing of the blood vessels, and said that heart disease was likely to have been a factor in Dr Kelly's death as the cut to the wrist artery would not itself have been fatal. Vice-President of the British Cardiovascular Society Ian Simpson said that Kelly's artery anomaly could have contributed to the scientist's death.

text: In December 2010

text: The Times

text: reported that Dr Kelly had a rare abnormality in the arteries supplying his heart; the information had been disclosed by the head of the Academic Unit of Pathology at Sheffield University Medical School, Professor Paul Ince. Ince noted that the postmortem had found severe narrowing of the blood vessels, and said that heart disease was likely to have been a factor in Dr Kelly's death as the cut to the wrist artery would not itself have been fatal. Vice-President of the British Cardiovascular Society Ian Simpson said that Kelly's artery anomaly could have contributed to the scientist's death.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: artery anomaly

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Dr Kelly's artery supply?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries supplying his heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the arteries supplying his heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: wrist artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: wrist artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries supplying his heart;

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Kelly's artery anomaly

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries supplying his heart;

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries supplying his heart;

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: wrist artery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries supplying his heart;

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: wrist artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the cut to the wrist artery would not itself have been fatal.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries supplying his heart;

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: narrowing

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: narrowing of the blood vessels,

text: The activation of cAMP/PKA by Ucn2 gives similar effects to the β-adrenergic pathway.  Research on receptor stimulation leading to the subsequent PKA production found Ucn2 increased left ventricular function independent of the β-adrenergic receptor but dependent on the binding of Ucn2 to  CFR2 [6,8-10].  It is now known that Ucn2 is an agonist for the G-protein coupled CRF1 and CRF2 receptors.  It is highly selective for CRF2 which is predominantly found in the myocardium, blood vessels and peripheral tissues.  This association provides reason for its strong cardiovascular effects.  When Ucn2 binds CRF2 it activates adenyl-cyclase to increase cAMP  which activates PKA and results in the noted changes to cardiovascular function.

text: The activation of cAMP/PKA by Ucn2 gives similar effects to the β-adrenergic pathway.  Research on receptor stimulation leading to the subsequent PKA production found Ucn2 increased left ventricular function independent of the β-adrenergic receptor but dependent on the binding of Ucn2 to  CFR2 [6,8-10].  It is now known that Ucn2 is an agonist for the G-protein coupled CRF1 and CRF2 receptors.  It is highly selective for CRF2 which is predominantly found in the myocardium, blood vessels and peripheral tissues.  This association provides reason for its strong cardiovascular effects.  When Ucn2 binds CRF2 it activates adenyl-cyclase to increase cAMP  which activates PKA and results in the noted changes to cardiovascular function.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: left ventricular dysfunction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Ucn2

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of the myocardium?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: myocardium, blood vessels or peripheral tissues?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ucn2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels and peripheral tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: CRF2

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: -adrenergic pathway

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not found in the myocardium: CFR2 or CFR1?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: <unk>-adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: CRF1 and CRF2 receptors.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricular function

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left ventricular function

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: CRF1

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: CRF1 and CRF2 receptors.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ucn2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: CRF2

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: CRF2

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The activation of cAMP/PKA by Ucn2

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: CRF1 and CRF2 receptors.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left ventricular function

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: CRF1

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: CRF1

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Ucn2

text: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels also exist even when blood supply is adequate to an area, and these blood vessels are often taken advantage of in surgery. Some notable areas where this occurs include the abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, and head.

text: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels also exist even when blood supply is adequate to an area, and these blood vessels are often taken advantage of in

text: surgery

text: . Some notable areas where this occurs include the abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, and head.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Collateral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: adolescence

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, or head?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: rectum, knee, shoulder, or head?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the best title for this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, veins, and venous

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Collateral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are the only blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, and head.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: surgery.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, and head.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Collateral or anastomotic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood supply is adequate to an area,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels

text: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a dimeric glycoprotein that plays a significant role in neurons and is considered to be the main, dominant inducer to the growth of blood vessels. VEGFA is essential for adults during organ remodeling and diseases that involve blood vessels, for example, in wound healing, tumor angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. During early vertebrate development, vasculogenesis occurs which means that the endothelial condense into the blood vessels. The differentiation of endothelial cells is dependent upon the expression of VEGFA and if the expression is abolished then it can result in the death of the embryo. VEGFA is produced by a group of three major isoforms as a result of alternative splicing and if any three isoforms are produced (VEGFA120, VEGFA164, and VEGFA188) then this will not result in vessel defects and death of the full VEGFA knockout in mice. VEGFA is essential in the role of neurons because they too need vascular supply and abolishing the expression of VEGFA from neural progenitors will result in defects of the brain vascularization and neuronal apoptosis. Anti-VEGFA therapy can be used to treat patients with undesirable angiogenesis and vascular leakage in cancer and eye diseases but also could result in the inhibition of neurogenesis and neuroprotection. VEGFA could be used to treat patients with neurodegenerative and neuropathic conditions and also increase vascular permeability which will stop the blood-brain barrier and increase inflammatory cell infiltration.  References

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: retinopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: neuropathic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetic retinopathy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor A

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor A

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vascular endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: VEGFA could be used to treat patients with neurodegenerative and neuropathic conditions and also increase vascular permeability

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor A

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor A

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vascular endothelial growth factor

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diabetic retinopathy,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: apoptosis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: tumor angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: VEGFA knockout in mice.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: VEGFA knockout in mice.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood-brain barrier

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood-brain barrier

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood-bra

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: VEGFA knockout in mice.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: VEGFA

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: VEGFA

text: The pulmonary veins are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart. There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. The pulmonary veins are among the few veins that carry oxygenated blood.

text: The pulmonary veins are large

text: blood vessel

text: s that receive oxygenated

text: blood

text: from the

text: lung

text: s and drain into the

text: left atrium

text: of the

text: heart

text: . There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. The pulmonary veins are among the few

text: vein

text: s that carry oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of the pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They are small blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: pulmonary veins, right atrium, or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary veins are among the few veins that carry oxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The pulmonary veins are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four pulmonary veins, two from each lung.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary veins

text: Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular").

text: Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the

text: circulatory system

text: , specifically addressing the

text: physiology

text: of the

text: heart

text: ("cardio") and

text: blood vessel

text: s ("vascular").

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: atria, heart, or vascular?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ("vascular").

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart ("cardio") and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart ("cardio") and blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cardiovascular physiology

text: Cardiovascular disease affects low- and middle-income countries even more than high-income countries. There is relatively little information regarding social patterns of cardiovascular disease within low- and middle-income countries, but within high-income countries low income and low educational status are consistently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Policies that have resulted in increased socio-economic inequalities have been associated with greater subsequent socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease implying a cause and effect relationship. Psychosocial factors, environmental exposures, health behaviours, and health-care access and quality contribute to socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease.  The Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommended that more equal distributions of power, wealth, education, housing, environmental factors, nutrition, and health care were needed to address inequalities in cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases.

text: Cardiovascular disease affects low- and middle-income countries even more than high-income countries. There is relatively little information regarding social patterns of cardiovascular disease within low- and middle-income countries, but within high-income countries low income and low educational status are consistently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Policies that have resulted in increased socio-economic inequalities have been associated with greater subsequent socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease implying a cause and effect relationship. Psychosocial factors, environmental exposures, health behaviours, and health-care access and quality contribute to socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease.  The Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommended that more equal distributions of power, wealth, education, housing, environmental factors, nutrition, and health care were needed to address inequalities in cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low income and low educational status

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does an artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause and effect relationship?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: non-communicable diseases.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: high-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: high-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low income and low educational status

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: low income and low educational status are consistently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cause and effect relationship.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cause and effect relationship.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: low- and middle-income countries even more than high-income countries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: within high-income countries low income and low educational status

text: One of Fogarty’s most successful products is the Stent-Graft. This dealt with the difficult problem of abdominal aortic aneurysms, which is a term referring to a weakened blood vessel. The old method was to remove the bad part of a weakened blood vessel, but Fogarty’s idea was to support it with an implant. He used a stent, a thin polyester tube that grabs onto the blood vessels. A catheter transports the stent to the weakened blood vessel, and once the balloon is inflated, the stent expands to the size of the blood vessel, and blood flows normally.

text: One of Fogarty’s most successful products is the

text: Stent

text: -Graft. This dealt with the difficult problem of

text: abdominal aortic aneurysm

text: s, which is a term referring to a weakened

text: blood vessel

text: . The old method was to remove the bad part of a weakened blood vessel, but Fogarty’s idea was to support it with an implant. He used a stent, a thin polyester tube that grabs onto the blood vessels. A catheter transports the stent to the weakened blood vessel, and once the balloon is inflated, the stent expands to the size of the blood vessel, and blood flows normally.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weakened blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, aortic aneurysms, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, aortic aneurysms, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, Fogarty’s or stent?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, blood vessels, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would Fogarty's Stent-Graft work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in a stent

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: stent

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of what?

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood vessels are made of what?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows normally.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, or stent?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a term referring to a weakened blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, Fogarty’s idea was to support it with an implant?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, atrium, or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysms, stent-Graft, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: veins, arteries or stents?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis: dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aortic aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: abdominal aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: abdominal aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood flows normally.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: abdominal aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood flows normally.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: normally.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: normally.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: catheter transports the stent to the weakened blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows normally.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: normally.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stent,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: abdominal aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: abdominal aortic aneurysms,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: weakened blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: weakened blood vessel.

text: The normal sinus rhythm of the heart, giving the resting heart rate, is influenced a number of factors. The cardiovascular centres in the brainstem that control the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences to the heart through the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk. These cardiovascular centres receive input from a series of receptors including  baroreceptors, sensing stretch the stretching of blood vessels and chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its pH.  Through a series of reflexes these help regulate and sustain blood flow.

text: The normal

text: sinus rhythm

text: of the heart, giving the resting

text: heart rate

text: , is influenced a number of factors. The cardiovascular centres in the brainstem that control the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences to the heart through the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk. These cardiovascular centres receive input from a series of receptors including

text: baroreceptor

text: s, sensing stretch the stretching of blood vessels and

text: chemoreceptor

text: s, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its pH.  Through a series of reflexes these help regulate and sustain blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: resting heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic trunk

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of receptor: baroreceptors, sensing stretch the stretching of blood vessels and chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a receptor: baroreceptors, sensing stretch the stretching of blood vessels and chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its pH?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a receptor: baroreceptors, sensing stretch, blood vessels or chemoreceptors?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the normal sinus rhythm of the heart, giving the resting heart rate, do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sympathetic trunk

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the normal sinus rhythm of the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: through the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: through a series of reflexes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: chemoreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sympathetic trunk.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: chemoreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic influences

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The normal sinus rhythm

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: chemoreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: baroreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: chemoreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sympathetic trunk.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: stretching of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: regulate and sustain blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels

text: Ralph Frerichs was born on October 3, 1942 in Berlin, Germany, the son of physicist Rudolf Frerichs know for development of the cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell, and artist and writer Gisela Frerichs. The family moved to the United States in 1947-48, where his father joined the faculty of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Frerichs obtained his DVM in 1967 from the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine at Urbana-Champaign. Following two years in Birmingham, Alabama as Captain in the US Army Veterinary Corp, he obtained the MPH and DrPH (epidemiology) in 1970 and 1973, respectively from Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans.   While working on his doctoral dissertation (development of a computer simulation model for the control of urban rabies) he was both a research associate with the International Center for Medical Research and Training in Cali, Colombia and an instructor at Tulane University.  After graduation, Frerichs became Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine at the LSU School of Medicine in New Orleans,and epidemiologist for the Bogalusa Heart Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children in the biracial community of Bogalusa, Louisiana.  During his LSU years from 1973–77, his publication topics included pediatric levels of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lipoproteins, blood pressure, hemoglobin. and obesity.

text: Ralph Frerichs was born on October 3, 1942 in

text: Berlin

text: Germany

text: , the son of

text: physicist

text: Rudolf Frerichs know for development of the

text: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell

text: , and artist and writer Gisela Frerichs. The family moved to the

text: United States

text: in 1947-48, where his father joined the faculty of

text: Northwestern University

text: in

text: Evanston, Illinois

text: . Frerichs obtained his DVM in 1967 from the

text: University of Illinois

text: College of Veterinary Medicine at

text: Urbana-Champaign

text: . Following two years in

text: Birmingham, Alabama

text: as Captain in the

text: US Army

text: Veterinary Corp, he obtained the MPH and DrPH (

text: epidemiology

text: ) in 1970 and 1973, respectively from

entity_name: Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine

text: Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine

text: in

text: New Orleans

text: .   While working on his doctoral dissertation (development of a computer simulation model for the control of urban rabies) he was both a research associate with the International Center for Medical Research and Training in

text: Cali, Colombia

text: and an instructor at

text: Tulane University

text: .  After graduation, Frerichs became Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine at the

entity_name: Louisiana State University School of Medicine

text: LSU School of Medicine

text: in

text: New Orleans

text: ,and epidemiologist for the Bogalusa Heart Study, a longitudinal study of

text: cardiovascular disease

text: risk factors in children in the biracial community of

text: Bogalusa, Louisiana

text: .  During his

text: LSU

text: years from 1973–77, his publication topics included pediatric levels of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels,

text: lipoproteins

text: blood pressure

text: hemoglobin

text: . and

text: obesity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cholesterol and triglyceride

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Ralph Frerichs do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does hemoglobin carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Ralph Frerichs?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Frerichs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure, hemoglobin. and obesity

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: cholesterol or triglyceride?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lipoproteins,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood cholesterol and triglyceride

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Frerichs obtained his DVM

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obesity.

text: The finding that, for blood flowing steadily in tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres, the average hematocrit of the blood in the tube is less than the hematocrit of the blood in the reservoir feeding the tube is known as the Fåhræus effect.  This effect is generated in the concentration entrance length of the tube, in which erythrocytes move towards the central region of the tube as they flow downstream.  This entrance length is estimated to be about the distance that the blood travels in a quarter of a second for blood where red blood cell aggregation is negligible and the vessel diameter is greater than about 20 micrometres.

text: The finding that, for blood flowing steadily in tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres, the average hematocrit of the blood in the tube is less than the hematocrit of the blood in the reservoir feeding the tube is known as the Fåhræus effect.  This effect is generated in the concentration entrance length of the tube, in which erythrocytes move towards the central region of the tube as they flow downstream.  This entrance length is estimated to be about the distance that the blood travels in a quarter of a second for blood where red blood cell aggregation is negligible and the vessel diameter is greater than about 20 micrometres.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: downstream

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood flowing steadily in tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The F hr us effect

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flowing steadily in tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The F hr us effect

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: tubes

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: reservoir feeding the tube

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: tubes

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hematocrit

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: downstream.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cell

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: erythrocytes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: 20 micrometres.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: tubes with diameters of less than 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 300 micrometres,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: F<unk>hr<unk>us effect.

text: Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in management of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.  Physical activity and a well-balanced diet favor cardiovascular conditioning and improves performance and capacity.  Exercise has a positive effect on the metabolism, which controls glucose levels, especially for stress-related pathology and brain disorders such as depression, which impose a heavy burden on the cardiovascular system.  Many studies are currently being done for more information and knowledge regarding the common mediators for cardiovascular disease and the central nervous system.  The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional, however the majority of times the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

text: Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in management of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.  Physical activity and a well-balanced diet favor cardiovascular conditioning and improves performance and capacity.  Exercise has a positive effect on the metabolism, which controls glucose levels, especially for stress-related pathology and brain disorders such as depression, which impose a heavy burden on the cardiovascular system.  Many studies are currently being done for more information and knowledge regarding the common mediators for cardiovascular disease and the central nervous system.  The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional, however the majority of times the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: depression

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or brain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of exercise?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular system: the brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the brain-heart interaction considered bidirectional?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Physical activity and a well-balanced

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stress-related pathology and brain disorders such as depression,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: brain-heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the central nervous system is regulated more over the heart and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The brain-heart interaction is considered bidirectional,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: the central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Physical activity and a well-balanced diet

text: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum and other surrounding areas by adjusting the degree of dilation of the blood vessels that pass through the islands and the ventral pallidum. This vasodilation is adjusted by the action of nitric oxide. Injection of glutamate into the islands results in decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate, suggesting that the islands are involved to some degree in the regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate. The islands also inhibit the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the cardiovascular system by responding to changes in pressure.

text: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the

text: ventral pallidum

text: and other surrounding areas by adjusting the degree of dilation of the blood vessels that pass through the islands and the ventral pallidum. This vasodilation is adjusted by the action of nitric oxide. Injection of

text: glutamate

text: into the islands results in decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate, suggesting that the islands are involved to some degree in the regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate. The islands also inhibit the effects of the

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: on the cardiovascular system by responding to changes in pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the blood vessels that pass through the islands and the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does vasodilation increase?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: glutamate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are involved to some degree in the regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many blood vessels does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: nitric oxide.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide. Injection of glutamate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: islands and the ventral pallidum.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The islands regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum

text: The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream blood pressure in a blood vessel (especially artery or arteriole) when the bloodstream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term "blood-hammer" was introduced in cerebral hemodynamics    by analogy with the hydraulic expression "water hammer," already used in vascular physiology to designate an arterial pulse variety, the "water-hammer pulse." Complete understanding of the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions is a critical issue, which can play an important role in the future diagnosis, understanding and treatment of vascular diseases.

text: The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream

text: blood pressure

text: in a

text: blood vessel

text: (especially

text: artery

text: or

text: arteriole

text: ) when the

text: blood

text: stream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term "blood-hammer" was introduced in

text: cerebral

text: hemodynamics

text: by analogy with the

text: hydraulic

text: expression "

text: water hammer

text: ," already used in

text: vascular

text: physiology

text: to designate an arterial pulse variety, the "

text: water-hammer pulse

text: ." Complete understanding of the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions is a critical issue, which can play an important role in the future diagnosis, understanding and treatment of vascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: occlusions

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiovascular occlusions

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the relationship between mechanical parameters in vascular occlusions?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood hammer phenomenon affect?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the blood hammer phenomenon?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery or arteriole

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriole

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The term "blood-hammer" was introduced in cerebral hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood hammer phenomenon

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterial pulse

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood hammer phenomenon

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular occlusions

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular physiology

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The blood hammer

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The blood hammer phenomenon

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vessel obstruction.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: artery or arteriole)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The blood hammer phenomenon

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vessel obstruction.

text: It is also found that "In the lungs, some blood was filtered through the two tunics (coverings) of the vessel that brought blood to the lungs from the heart. Ibn al-Nafīs called this vessel the ‘artery-like vein’, but we now call it the pulmonary artery."

text: It is also found that "In the lungs, some blood was filtered through the two tunics (coverings) of the vessel that brought blood to the lungs from the heart. Ibn al-Nafīs called this vessel the ‘artery-like vein’, but we now call it the

text: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tunics

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: tunics

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is filtered through capillaries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: It is not clear

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (coverings)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: "In the lungs, some blood was filtered

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two tunics

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: ‘artery-like vein’,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery."

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery."

text: Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the heart. Venules and veins collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which drain blood into the right side of the heart. From here, the blood is pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen, and drains back into the left side of the heart. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest artery, the aorta, and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. Here blood passes from small arteries into capillaries, then small veins and the process begins again. Blood carries oxygen, waste products, and hormones from one place in the body to another. Blood is filtered at the kidneys and liver.

text: Blood vessels carry

text: blood

text: throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the

text: heart

text: . Venules and

text: vein

text: s collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the

text: superior

text: and

text: inferior vena cava

text: , which drain blood into the right side of the heart. From here, the blood is pumped into the

text: lung

text: s where it receives oxygen, and drains back into the left side of the heart. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest

text: artery

text: , the

text: aorta

text: , and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. Here blood passes from small arteries into

text: capillaries

text: , then small veins and the process begins again. Blood carries

text: oxygen

text: , waste products, and

text: hormone

text: s from one place in the body to another. Blood is filtered at the

text: kidney

text: s and

text: liver

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: aorta, atria, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, arterioles, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: inferior vena cava

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small electrical pulse

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: superior

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is filtered at the kidneys and liver.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the body's largest artery?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Venules and veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood low in oxygen

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low in oxygen

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pumped into the lungs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: superior and inferior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: progressively larger veins

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: superior and inferior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Venules

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: superior and inferior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: superior and inferior vena cava,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the body's largest artery,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins collect blood low in oxygen

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood low in oxygen

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood low in oxygen

text: Wavefront Technology Solutions Inc. ()  is one of North America's largest providers of secondary oil recovery and environmental technologies. The company was founded in 1997 as PE-TECH by CEO Brett Davidson and University of Alberta professor Tim Spanos. The company was later changed to Wavefront Technologies and Environmental Services and then Wavefront Technology Solutions Inc. and is known for its patented technology that sends pulses through the ground to simulate the effects of the aftershock of an earthquake to aid in the recovery of stranded oil. These technologies simulate the beating of a heart - when a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels, causing the network of capillaries to expand and contract. When a pulse is applied to the ground, it expands and contracts the porous rock, essentially freeing the trapped oil. This technology is used for fluid flow optimization having applications in both the environmental and energy sectors. In the environmental sector the process is marketed as Primawave, while in the energy sector it is marketed as Powerwave.

text: Wavefront Technology Solutions Inc. ()  is one of North America's largest providers of

text: secondary oil recovery

text: and environmental technologies. The company was founded in 1997 as PE-TECH by

text: CEO

text: Brett Davidson and

text: University of Alberta

text: professor Tim Spanos. The company was later changed to Wavefront Technologies and Environmental Services and then Wavefront Technology Solutions Inc. and is known for its patented technology that sends pulses through the ground to simulate the effects of the

text: aftershock

text: of an

text: earthquake

text: to aid in the recovery of stranded oil. These technologies simulate the beating of a heart - when a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies

text: blood vessels

text: , causing the network of

text: capillaries

text: to expand and contract. When a pulse is applied to the ground, it expands and contracts the

text: porous

text: rock, essentially freeing the trapped oil. This technology is used for fluid flow optimization having applications in both the environmental and energy sectors. In the environmental sector the process is marketed as Primawave, while in the energy sector it is marketed as Powerwave.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pumping

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do these technologies simulate the beating of a heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart pump?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Wavefront Technology Solutions Inc.?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: when a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: when a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: when a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pumps,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: beating

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pumps,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aftershock

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: earthquake

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: beating

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: when a heart pumps,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the network of capillaries to expand and contract.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: capillaries to expand and contract.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: when a heart pumps,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: expand and contract.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: expand and contract.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: a heart pumps, it sends pulses through the bodies blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: expand and contract.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: beating of a heart

text: Afterload, or how much pressure the heart must generate to eject blood at systole, is influenced by vascular resistance. It can be influenced by narrowing of the heart valves (stenosis) or contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.

text: Afterload

text: , or how much pressure the heart must generate to eject blood at systole, is influenced by

text: vascular resistance

text: . It can be influenced by narrowing of the heart valves (

text: stenosis

text: ) or contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: eject

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: eject

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Systole

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or peripheral blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: peripheral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels can be influenced by vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (stenosis)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systole,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (stenosis)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (stenosis) or contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: systole,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Afterload,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vascular resistance.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: narrowing of the heart valves

text: The arteries (carrying blood from the heart) and veins (carrying blood toward the heart) intertwine in the legs so heat can be transferred back from arteries to veins before reaching feet. Such a mechanism is called countercurrent exchange. Gulls can also open a shunt between these vessels, turning back the blood stream above the foot, and constrict the vessels in the foot. This reduces heat loss by more than 90 percent. In gulls the temperature of the base of the leg is 32°C (89°F), of the foot may be close to 0°C (32°F).

text: The

text: arteries

text: (carrying

text: blood

text: from the

text: heart

text: ) and

text: vein

text: s (carrying blood toward the heart) intertwine in the legs so heat can be transferred back from arteries to veins before reaching feet. Such a mechanism is called

text: countercurrent exchange

text: . Gulls can also open a shunt between these vessels, turning back the blood stream above the foot, and constrict the vessels in the foot. This reduces heat loss by more than 90 percent. In

text: gull

text: s the temperature of the base of the leg is 32°C (89°F), of the foot may be close to 0°C (32°F).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: atria, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries carry blood from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true of veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reduces heat loss by more than 90%

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heat can be transferred back from arteries to veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The arteries (carrying blood from the heart)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries (carrying blood from the heart) and veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: heat can be transferred back from arteries to veins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries (carrying blood from the heart) and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: countercurrent exchange.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: heat can be transferred back from arteries to veins before reaching feet.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The arteries

text: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,  is a type of angiogenesis, the process whereby a new blood vessel is created. By intussusception a new blood vessel is created by splitting of an existing blood vessel in two.

text: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,  is a type of

text: angiogenesis

text: , the process whereby a new

text: blood vessel

text: is created. By intussusception a new blood vessel is created by splitting of an existing blood vessel in two.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: new blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiogenesis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: existing blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood in the pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of angiogenesis, the process whereby a new blood vessel is created?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: intussusception

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a capillary is a blood vessel.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Intussusception

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Intussusception

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Intussusception

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Intussusception

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Intussusception also known as splitting angiogenesis,

text: The EPAS1 gene encodes half of a transcription factor involved in the induction of genes regulated by oxygen, which is induced as oxygen levels fall (hypoxia). The encoded protein contains a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein dimerization domain as well as a domain found in proteins in signal transduction pathways which respond to oxygen levels. EPAS 1 is involved in the development of the embryonic heart and is expressed in the endothelial cells that line the walls of the blood vessels in the umbilical cord. It is essential in maintaining catecholamine homeostasis and protection against heart failure during early embryonic development.

text: The EPAS1 gene encodes half of a

text: transcription factor

text: involved in the induction of genes regulated by oxygen, which is induced as oxygen levels fall (hypoxia). The encoded protein contains a

text: basic helix-loop-helix

text: domain protein dimerization domain as well as a domain found in proteins in signal transduction pathways which respond to oxygen levels. EPAS 1 is involved in the development of the

text: embryonic heart

text: and is expressed in the

text: endothelial cells

text: that line the walls of the

text: blood vessels

text: in the

text: umbilical cord

text: . It is essential in maintaining

text: catecholamine

text: homeostasis and protection against

text: heart failure

text: during early embryonic development.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria or left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the EPAS1 gene?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: endothelial cells that line the walls of the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is EPAS1 involved in?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cells that line the walls of the blood vessels in the umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not involved in the development of the embryonic heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or umbilical cord?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: EPAS 1 is essential in maintaining catecholamine homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells that line the walls of the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EPAS1

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels in the umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: embryonic heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: umbilical cord.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: catecholamine

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: oxygen levels fall (hypoxia).

text: Soon after, Sybil managed to get her American citizenship and an inclusion into her husband Jason Reed’s will. When he died of a supposed obstructed blood vessel in his heart, she inherited his home and his wealth.

text: Soon after, Sybil managed to get her

text: American citizenship

text: and an inclusion into her husband Jason Reed’s will. When he died of a supposed obstructed blood vessel in his heart, she inherited his home and his wealth.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: American citizenship

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of Sybil?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would Sybil feel afterwards?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Sybil

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: obstructed blood vessels in the heart do not cause death.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Sybil is an American citizen

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of circulatory system: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true of Sybil?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Sybil

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: obstructed blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: American citizenship

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: obstructed blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Sybil

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: obstructed blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Sybil

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: obstructed blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Jason Reed’s

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: obstructed blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Sybil

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: obstructed blood vessel in his heart,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: obstructed blood vessel

text: Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart or blood vessels. An echocardiogram uses high frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart while the use of Doppler technology allows determination of the speed and direction of blood flow by utilizing the Doppler effect.

text: Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses

text: ultrasound

text: technology to examine the

text: heart

text: or

text: blood vessel

text: s. An

text: echocardiogram

text: uses high frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart while the use of Doppler technology allows determination of the speed and direction of

text: blood flow

text: by utilizing the

text: Doppler effect

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria or left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of the Doppler effect?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Doppler effect

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Doppler echocardiography is used to examine the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Doppler echocardiography allows determination of the speed and direction of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of the Doppler effect?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: speed and direction of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Doppler effect.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Doppler echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Doppler echocardiography

text: Heart Beats is an Indian film in the Malayalam language starring Indrajith and Simran. It was released in 2007.

text: Heart Beats is an

text: India

text: n

text: film

text: in the

text: Malayalam language

text: starring Indrajith and Simran. It was released in 2007.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many atria does the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many atria are there in the heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the opposite of oxygen-rich blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not used to transport blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Indrajith

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Heart Beats is an Indian film in the Malayalam

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Indrajith and Simran.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart Beats

text: Blood viscosity is a measure of the resistance of blood to flow. It can also be described as the thickness and stickiness of blood. This biophysical property makes it a critical determinant of friction against the vessel walls, the rate of venous return, the work required for the heart to pump blood, and how much oxygen is transported to tissues and organs. These functions of the cardiovascular system are directly related to vascular resistance, preload, afterload, and perfusion, respectively.

text: Blood viscosity is a measure of the resistance of blood to flow. It can also be described as the thickness and stickiness of blood. This

text: biophysical

text: property makes it a critical determinant of friction against the

text: vessel

text: walls, the rate of

text: venous return

text: , the work required for the

text: heart

text: to pump blood, and how much

text: oxygen

text: is transported to tissues and organs. These functions of the

text: cardiovascular system

text: are directly related to

text: vascular resistance

text: preload

text: afterload

text: , and

text: perfusion

text: , respectively.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: afterload

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: afterload

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: afterload

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the cardiovascular system: preload, afterload, or perfusion?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does blood viscosity determine?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood viscosity?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: how much oxygen is transported to tissues and organs

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Vascular resistance

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous return

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the work required for the heart to pump blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venous return

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the cardiovascular system: preload, afterload, or perfusion?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the work required for the heart to pump blood?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: how much oxygen is transported to tissues and organs

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular resistance, preload, afterload,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: afterload,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: venous return,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: afterload,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: afterload,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular resistance, preload, afterload, and perfusion,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: afterload,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: how much oxygen is transported to tissues and organs.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vascular resistance, preload, afterload, and perfusion,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessel walls,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessel walls,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: tissues and organs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venous return,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood viscosity

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood viscosity

text: An aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel, with examples including aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Aneurysms can also occur within the heart.

text: An aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like

text: bulge

text: in the wall of a

text: blood vessel

text: . Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel, with examples including aneurysms of the

text: Circle of Willis

text: in the brain,

text: aortic aneurysm

text: s affecting the thoracic

text: aorta

text: , and

text: abdominal aortic aneurysm

text: s. Aneurysms can also occur within the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Circle of Willis

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Circle of Willis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, or abdominal aortic aneurysms?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, or abdominal aortic aneurysms?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Circle of Willis, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, or abdominal aortic aneurysms?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, or aortic aneurysms?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the benefit of an aneurysm?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Circle of Willis

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Circle of Willis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the Circle of Willis, the aorta, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aneurysm: aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, abdominal aortic aneurysms, or aortic aneurysms?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the Circle of Willis, the thoracic aorta, or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thoracic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: An aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: An aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Circle of Willis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Aneurysms can also occur within the heart.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Aneurysms can also occur within the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: An aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thoracic aorta,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: An aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: An aneurysm

text: The normal electrical conduction system of the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to and stimulate the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart). When the myocardium is stimulated, it contracts. It is the ordered stimulation of the myocardium that allows efficient contraction of the heart, thereby allowing blood to be pumped to the body.

text: The normal

text: electrical conduction system of the heart

text: allows the impulse that is generated by the

text: sinoatrial node

text: (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to and stimulate the

text: myocardium

text: (muscular layer of the heart). When the myocardium is stimulated, it contracts. It is the ordered stimulation of the myocardium that allows efficient contraction of the heart, thereby allowing blood to be pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the body

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the myocardium?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the normal electrical conduction system of the heart allow?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true of the normal electrical conduction system of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is not pumped to the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the normal electrical conduction system of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When the myocardium is stimulated, it contracts

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: node

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: body.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The normal electrical conduction system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood to be pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical conduction system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood to be pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood to be pumped

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: allowing blood to be pumped to the body.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: myocardium

text: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels (angiopathy). The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels take in more glucose than normal, since they do not depend on insulin. They then form more surface glycoproteins than normal, and cause the basement membrane to grow thicker and weaker. In diabetes, the resulting problems are grouped under "microvascular disease" (due to damage to small blood vessels) and "macrovascular disease" (due to damage to the arteries).

text: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of

text: blood vessel

text: s (

text: angiopathy

text: ). The

text: endothelial cell

text: s lining the blood vessels take in more glucose than normal, since they do not depend on insulin. They then form more surface

text: glycoprotein

text: s than normal, and cause the

text: basement membrane

text: to grow thicker and weaker. In diabetes, the resulting problems are grouped under "

text: microvascular disease

text: " (due to damage to small blood vessels) and "

text: macrovascular disease

text: " (due to damage to the

text: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: macrovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: macrovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the atria, the ventricles, or the basement membrane?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a vascular disease: microvascular disease, angiopathy or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the basement membrane to grow thicker and weaker mean?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: insulin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lining the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The basement membrane to grow thicker and weaker.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "macrovascular disease"

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (angiopathy).

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: "macrovascular disease" (due to damage to the arteries).

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: insulin.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: they do not depend on insulin.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries).

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thicker and weaker.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Chronic elevation of blood glucose

text: Velocity-encoded MRI is based on the detection of changes in the phase of proton precession. These changes are proportional to the velocity of the protons' movement through a magnetic field with a known gradient. When using velocity-encoded MRI, the result is two sets of images, one for each time point in the cardiac cycle. One is an anatomical image and the other is an image in which the signal intensity in each pixel is directly proportional to the through-plane velocity. The average velocity in a vessel, i.e., the aorta or the pulmonary artery, is quantified by measuring the average signal intensity of the pixels in the cross-section of the vessel then multiplying by a known constant. The flow is calculated by multiplying the mean velocity by the cross-sectional area of the vessel. This flow data can be used in a flow-versus-time graph. The area under the flow-versus-time curve for one cardiac cycle is the stroke volume. The length of the cardiac cycle is known and determines heart rate; Q can be calculated using equation (). MRI is typically used to quantify the flow over one cardiac cycle as the average of several heart beats. It is also possible to quantify the stroke volume in real-time on a beat-for-beat basis.

text: Velocity-encoded MRI is based on the detection of changes in the phase of proton

text: precession

text: . These changes are proportional to the velocity of the protons' movement through a magnetic field with a known gradient. When using velocity-encoded MRI, the result is two sets of images, one for each time point in the cardiac cycle. One is an anatomical image and the other is an image in which the signal intensity in each

text: pixel

text: is directly proportional to the through-plane velocity. The average velocity in a vessel, i.e., the

text: aorta

text: or the

text: pulmonary artery

text: , is quantified by measuring the average signal intensity of the pixels in the cross-section of the vessel then multiplying by a known constant. The flow is calculated by multiplying the mean velocity by the cross-sectional area of the vessel. This flow data can be used in a flow-versus-time graph. The area under the flow-versus-time curve for one

text: cardiac cycle

text: is the stroke volume. The length of the cardiac cycle is known and determines heart rate; Q can be calculated using equation (). MRI is typically used to quantify the flow over one cardiac cycle as the average of several heart beats. It is also possible to quantify the stroke volume in real-time on a beat-for-beat basis.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the average velocity in a vessel?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the average velocity in a vessel, i.e., the aorta or the pulmonary artery, carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the average velocity in a vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta and pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the average velocity in a vessel is quantified by measuring the average signal intensity of the pixels in the cross-section of the vessel then multiplying by a known constant

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: aorta and pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The area under the flow-versus-time curve for one cardiac cycle is the stroke volume

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the average velocity in a vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate;

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate;

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: stroke volume.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: The length of the cardiac cycle is known and determines heart rate;

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: one for each time point in the cardiac cycle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: aorta or the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Velocity-encoded MRI

text: The basic annelid form consists of multiple segments. Each segment has the same sets of organs and, in most polychates, has a pair of parapodia that many species use for locomotion. Septa separate the segments of many species, but are poorly defined or absent in others, and Echiura and Sipuncula show no obvious signs of segmentation. In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels, and the vessels in segments near the front ends of these species are often built up with muscles that act as hearts. The septa of such species also enable them to change the shapes of individual segments, which facilitates movement by peristalsis ("ripples" that pass along the body) or by undulations that improve the effectiveness of the parapodia. In species with incomplete septa or none, the blood circulates through the main body cavity without any kind of pump, and there is a wide range of locomotory techniques – some burrowing species turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves through the sediment.

text: The basic annelid form consists of multiple

text: segments

text: . Each segment has the same sets of organs and, in most polychates, has a pair of

text: parapodia

text: that many species use for

text: locomotion

text: Septa

text: separate the segments of many species, but are poorly defined or absent in others, and

text: Echiura

text: and

text: Sipuncula

text: show no obvious signs of segmentation. In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within

text: blood vessel

text: s, and the vessels in segments near the front ends of these species are often built up with muscles that act as hearts. The septa of such species also enable them to change the shapes of individual segments, which facilitates movement by

text: peristalsis

text: ("ripples" that pass along the body) or by

text: undulation

text: s that improve the effectiveness of the parapodia. In species with incomplete septa or none, the blood circulates through the main body cavity without any kind of pump, and there is a wide range of locomotory techniques – some burrowing species turn their

text: pharynges

text: inside out to drag themselves through the

text: sediment

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels in segments near the front ends

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: segments near the front ends

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: main

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels in segments near the front ends

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: incomplete septa or none

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a annelid: Echiura, Sipuncula or Echiura?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood circulate entirely within?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels in segments near the front ends of these species

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: well-developed

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: septa

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Echiura and Sipuncula show no obvious signs of segmentation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: segments near the front ends

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: main body cavity

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the vessels in segments near the front ends

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: incomplete septa

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: well-developed septa,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: In species with well-developed septa,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Septa

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: muscles that act as hearts.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: muscles that act as hearts.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: In species with well-developed septa,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Septa

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: muscles that act as hearts.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: change the shapes of individual segments,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: In species with well-developed septa,

text: Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells of the endothelium and many of them are surrounded by contractile cells called pericytes. The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues.  The endothelium also produces molecules that discourage the blood from clotting unless there is a leak.  Pericyte cells can contract and decrease the size of the arterioles and thereby regulate blood flow and blood pressure.

text: Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells of the

text: endothelium

text: and many of them are surrounded by contractile cells called

text: pericytes

text: . The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues.  The endothelium also produces molecules that discourage the blood from clotting unless there is a leak.  Pericyte cells can contract and decrease the size of the arterioles and thereby regulate blood flow and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: a leak

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not lined by flattened cells of the endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the endothelium provide a smooth surface for?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the endothelium provide?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The endothelium also produces molecules that discourage the blood from clotting unless there is a leak

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not lined by flattened cells of the endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not lined by flattened cells of the endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not lined by flattened cells of the endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: decrease the size of the arterioles

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: tissues.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contract and decrease the size of the arterioles

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: regulate blood flow and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: endothelium

text: For example, vasoconstriction is a hypothermic preventative in which the blood vessels constrict and blood must move at a higher pressure to actively prevent a hypoxic reaction. ATP is used as a form of energy to increase this pressure to heat the body. Once homeostasis is restored, the blood pressure and ATP production regulates.

text: For example, vasoconstriction is a hypothermic preventative in which the blood vessels constrict and blood must move at a higher pressure to actively prevent a hypoxic reaction.

text: ATP

text: is used as a form of energy to increase this pressure to heat the body. Once homeostasis is restored, the blood pressure and ATP production regulates.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypoxic reaction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right, left, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: the atria, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy to increase this pressure to heat the body?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hypoxic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure and ATP production regulates

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypoxic reaction.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypoxic reaction.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood must move at a higher pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction is a hypothermic preventative

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vasoconstriction

text: Isoprenaline's effects on the cardiovascular system (non-selective) relate to its actions on cardiac β receptors and β receptors on smooth muscle within the tunica media of arterioles. Isoprenaline has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. β adrenoceptor stimulation in arteriolar smooth muscle induces vasodilation. Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate systolic blood pressure, while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower diastolic blood pressure. The overall effect is to decrease mean arterial pressure due to the β receptors' vasodilation.

text: Isoprenaline's effects on the

text: cardiovascular system

text: (non-selective) relate to its actions on cardiac β receptors and β receptors on smooth muscle within the

text: tunica media

text: of

text: arteriole

text: s. Isoprenaline has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. β adrenoceptor stimulation in arteriolar smooth muscle induces vasodilation. Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate

text: systolic

text: blood pressure

text: , while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower

text: diastolic

text: blood pressure. The overall effect is to decrease

text: mean arterial pressure

text: due to the β receptors' vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Isoprenaline

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac  receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Isoprenaline have positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does vasodilation increase?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tunica media

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Isoprenaline

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriolar

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: decrease mean arterial pressure due to the  receptors' vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteriolar smooth muscle induces vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteriolar

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteriolar

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (non-selective)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: <unk> receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tunica media of arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteriolar smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteriolar

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: cardiac <unk> receptors and <unk> receptors on smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: tunica media of arterioles.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Isoprenaline's

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Isoprenaline's

text: Tbx20 is a transcription factor that is essential for proper heart development in a growing fetus. Any mutations in this gene can result in various forms of congenital heart disease. One of the more serious examples is the presence of a septal defect. The interatrial septum is a piece of tissue that separates the left and right atria of the heart, which contain oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively. In Tbx20 mutants, this divider does not form and results in deoxygenated blood flowing into the left atrium then left ventricle, which ships the blood to the organs and muscles. Since deoxygenated blood should not be delivered to the tissues, the result is cyanosis, or a bluish skin discoloration stemming from low oxygen concentration. Proper function of Tbx20 is essential because it controls other genes that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, such as Tbx2 and N-myc1. Cardiomyocytes are the basis for the correct architectural scheme of the heart, and if defects arise in these structures, proper heart development is likely unattainable.

text: Tbx20 is a

text: transcription factor

text: that is essential for proper heart development in a growing

text: fetus

text: . Any mutations in this gene can result in various forms of

text: congenital heart disease

text: . One of the more serious examples is the presence of a

text: septal defect

text: . The

text: interatrial septum

text: is a piece of tissue that separates the left and right

text: atria

text: of the heart, which contain

text: oxygenated

text: and deoxygenated blood, respectively. In Tbx20 mutants, this divider does not form and results in deoxygenated blood flowing into the left atrium then

text: left ventricle

text: , which ships the blood to the organs and muscles. Since deoxygenated blood should not be delivered to the tissues, the result is

text: cyanosis

text: , or a bluish skin discoloration stemming from low oxygen concentration. Proper function of Tbx20 is essential because it controls other

text: genes

text: that regulate

text: cardiomyocyte

text: proliferation, such as Tbx2 and N-myc1. Cardiomyocytes are the basis for the correct architectural scheme of the heart, and if defects arise in these structures, proper heart development is likely unattainable.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: mutations in this gene

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: oxygenated or deoxygenated?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the interatrial septum?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the interatrial septum contain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the interatrial septum: oxygenated or deoxygenated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: deoxygenated blood should not be delivered to the tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The interatrial septum separates the left and right atria of the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the interatrial septum: left atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart, or septum?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: organs and muscles.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cyanosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cyanosis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: mutations

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygenated and deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left and right atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygenated and deoxygenated blood,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cyanosis, or a bluish skin discoloration

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left and right atria

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left and right atria

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: interatrial septum

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Tbx20

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Tbx20

text: At the University of Virginia, Topol authored his baccalaureate thesis in 1975 entitled “Prospects for Genetic Therapy in Man” which concentrated on genetics, and received a BA degree With Highest Distinction. During his training at Johns Hopkins University, he was involved from the very first patient who was administered t-PA in 1984, a genetically engineered protein. But it was not until 1996 that he started the first dedicated cardiovascular gene bank while at Cleveland Clinic. This effort led to many discoveries in the genetics of cardiovascular disease, including the identification of key genes associated with heart attack. Both thrombospondin variants and the MEF2A deletion reports were recognized as top 10 advances by the American Heart Association in 2000 and 2004, as mentioned above. He was the Principal Investigator of the flagship National Institutes of Health Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) grant on the genomics of heart attack with a $17 million award in 2005.His work in genetics has been recognized by the American College of Cardiology with the Simon Dack Award and Lecture in 2005 and by the European Society of Cardiology by the Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In moving to Scripps in 2006, he started the Scripps Genomic Medicine program and recruited a large team to advance individualized medicine using genomic approaches. The group formed the Scripps Translational Science Institute, which presently includes Drs. Steven Steinhubl, Ali Torkamani, and Nathan Wineinger, and has multiple NIH funded projects on genomics of cancer, aging, cardiovascular disease, pharmacogenomics and diabetes.  It is a major force in San Diego bringing together basic scientists and clinical investigators from Scripps Health and The Scripps Research Institute along with researchers from the Salk Institute, Sanford-Burnham Institute, the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Each year since 2007 Scripps Genomic Medicine and the Scripps Translational Science Institute put together a major program entitled “Future of Genomic Medicine” which attracts several hundred clinicians and scientists. In 2009, Topol led the team at Scripps to be the first center to perform routine genotyping of patients undergoing stenting for variants of the gene CYP2C19, the major gene implicated in Plavix metabolism. The first large scale prospective study of consumer genomics, known as the Scripps Genomic Health Initiative, was completed in 2010.  Also in 2010, he initiated the Association for Genomic Medicine that is dedicated to training physicians in genomics.

text: At the

text: University of Virginia

text: , Topol authored his baccalaureate thesis in 1975 entitled “Prospects for Genetic Therapy in Man” which concentrated on

text: genetics

text: , and received a BA degree With Highest Distinction. During his training at

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: , he was involved from the very first patient who was administered

text: t-PA

text: in 1984, a genetically engineered protein. But it was not until 1996 that he started the first dedicated cardiovascular gene bank while at

text: Cleveland Clinic

text: . This effort led to many discoveries in the genetics of cardiovascular disease, including the identification of key genes associated with heart attack. Both

text: thrombospondin

text: variants and the

text: deletion reports were recognized as top 10 advances by the American Heart Association in 2000 and 2004, as mentioned above. He was the Principal Investigator of the flagship National Institutes of Health Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) grant on the genomics of heart attack with a $17 million award in 2005.His work in genetics has been recognized by the

text: American College of Cardiology

text: with the Simon Dack Award and Lecture in 2005 and by the

text: European Society of Cardiology

text: by the Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In moving to Scripps in 2006, he started the Scripps Genomic Medicine program and recruited a large team to advance individualized medicine using genomic approaches. The group formed the Scripps Translational Science Institute, which presently includes Drs. Steven Steinhubl, Ali Torkamani, and Nathan Wineinger, and has multiple NIH funded projects on genomics of cancer, aging, cardiovascular disease, pharmacogenomics and diabetes.  It is a major force in San Diego bringing together basic scientists and clinical investigators from

text: Scripps Health

text: and

text: The Scripps Research Institute

text: along with researchers from the

text: Salk Institute

entity_name: Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

text: Sanford-Burnham Institute

text: , the

text: San Diego Supercomputer Center

text: , and the

text: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

text: . Each year since 2007 Scripps Genomic Medicine and the Scripps Translational Science Institute put together a major program entitled “Future of Genomic Medicine” which attracts several hundred clinicians and scientists. In 2009, Topol led the team at Scripps to be the first center to perform routine genotyping of patients undergoing stenting for variants of the gene

text: , the major gene implicated in

text: Plavix

text: metabolism. The first large scale prospective study of consumer genomics, known as the

text: Scripps Genomic Health Initiative

text: , was completed in 2010.  Also in 2010, he initiated the Association for Genomic Medicine that is dedicated to training physicians in genomics.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: genes associated with heart attack

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine and the Scripps Translational Science Institute

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: In 2009, Topol led the team at Scripps to

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel dilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: t-PA

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: thrombospondin variants

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Thrombospondin

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: A valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: European Society of Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: MEF2A

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: genomic approaches.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: thrombospondin variants and the MEF2A

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thrombospondin variants and the MEF2A

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: aging,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: MEF2A

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: thrombospondin

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Topol

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: European Society of Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Andreas Gruentzig

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: t-PA

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: thrombospondin

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: individualized medicine using genomic approaches.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Scripps Translational Science Institute,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: European Society of Cardiology

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine program

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Andreas Gruentzig Award and Lecture in 2004.In

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Scripps Genomic Medicine program

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: NIH funded projects on genomics

text: If a net flow of blood exists from the left atrium to the right atrium, called a left-to-right shunt, then an increase in the blood flow through the lungs happens.  Initially, this increased blood flow is asymptomatic, but if it persists, the pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension, which increases the pressures in the right side of the heart, leading to the reversal of the shunt into a right-to-left shunt.  Reversal of the shunt occurs, and the blood  flowing in the opposite direction through the ASD is called Eisenmenger's syndrome, a rare and late complication of an ASD.

text: If a net flow of blood exists from the left atrium to the right atrium, called a left-to-right shunt, then an increase in the blood flow through the lungs happens.  Initially, this increased blood flow is asymptomatic, but if it persists, the pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension, which increases the pressures in the right side of the heart, leading to the reversal of the shunt into a right-to-left shunt.  Reversal of the shunt occurs, and the blood  flowing in the opposite direction through the ASD is called Eisenmenger's syndrome, a rare and late complication of an ASD.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium to the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of shunt: left-to-right shunt or right-to-left shunt?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of pulmonary blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left atrium carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is Eisenmenger's syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left to right shunt

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: shunt

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left atrium to the right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atrium to the right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: left atrium to the right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left atrium to the right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: left-to-right shunt,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: If a net flow of blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left-to-right shunt,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: left-to-right shunt,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ASD.

text: Pressure drops gradually as blood flows from the major arteries, through the arterioles, the capillaries until blood is pushed up back into the heart via the venules, the veins through the vena cava with the help of the muscles.  At any given pressure drop, the flow rate is determined by the resistance to the blood flow.  In the arteries, with the absence of diseases, there is very little or no resistance to blood. The vessel diameter is the most principal determinant to control resistance.  Compared to other smaller vessels in the body, the artery has a much bigger diameter (4  mm), therefore the resistance is low.

text: Pressure drops gradually as blood flows from the major arteries, through the arterioles, the capillaries until blood is pushed up back into the heart via the venules, the veins through the vena cava with the help of the muscles.  At any given pressure drop, the flow rate is determined by the resistance to the blood flow.  In the arteries, with the absence of diseases, there is very little or no resistance to blood. The vessel diameter is the most principal determinant to control resistance.  Compared to other smaller vessels in the body, the artery has a much bigger diameter (4  mm), therefore the resistance is low.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: major arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: major arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: major arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: major arteries, arterioles, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the artery carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the most principal determinant to control resistance?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: resistance

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, capillaries, and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: resistance is low

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: via the venules and the veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the most principal determinant to control resistance to blood?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the major arteries, the arterioles, the capillaries, or the veins?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: major arteries, arterioles, the capillaries, or vena cava?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the most principal determinant to control resistance?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diseases,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: major arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diseases,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The vessel diameter

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: venules, the veins through the vena cava

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: there is very little or no resistance to blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The vessel diameter

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: major arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arterioles, the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: muscles.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles, the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Pressure drops gradually as blood flows from the major arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venules, the veins through the vena cava

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: major arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the artery has a much bigger diameter (4 mm),

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins through the vena cava

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: resistance to the blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries,

text: Each heart beat originates as an electrical impulse from a small area of tissue in the right atrium of the heart called the sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node. The impulse initially causes both atria to contract, then activates the atrioventricular (or AV) node, which is normally the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles (main pumping chambers).  The impulse then spreads through both ventricles via the Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres causing a synchronised contraction of the heart muscle and, thus, the pulse.

text: Each heart beat originates as an electrical impulse from a small area of tissue in the right

text: atrium

text: of the heart called the

text: sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node

text: . The impulse initially causes both atria to contract, then activates the

text: atrioventricular (or AV) node

text: , which is normally the only electrical connection between the atria and the

text: ventricles

text: (main pumping chambers).  The impulse then spreads through both ventricles via the

text: Bundle of His

text: and the

text: Purkinje fibres

text: causing a synchronised contraction of the heart muscle and, thus, the pulse.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the sinus node?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the atria carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The sinus node

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Bundle of His

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a small area of tissue

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Bundle of His

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: via the Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which is not true?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: node

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulse.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium of the heart called the sinus node

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sinus node

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrioventricular (or AV) node,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrioventricular (or AV) node,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: contract,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: atrioventricular (or AV) node,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node.

text: If nonpharmacological methods are ineffective, medication may be necessary. As of 2013, no medication has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat POTS, but a variety are used off-label. Their efficacy has not yet been examined in long-term randomized controlled trials. These medications often target low blood pressure, even at levels that would not warrant treatment in a person without POTS. Fludrocortisone, considered a first-line drug, works by reducing salt loss, which increases blood volume. If that fails, midodrine (or another vasoconstrictor, but excluding any that increase the heart rate) may be prescribed.  Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels, preventing blood pooling, and raising blood pressure. If symptoms and tachycardia persist, a clinician may choose to add a cardioselective beta blocker such as bisoprolol, which prevents dilation of the blood vessels and tachycardia.

text: If nonpharmacological methods are ineffective, medication may be necessary. As of 2013, no medication has been approved by the U.S.

text: Food and Drug Administration

text: to treat POTS, but a variety are used

text: off-label

text: . Their efficacy has not yet been examined in long-term

text: randomized controlled trial

text: s. These medications often target

text: low blood pressure

text: , even at levels that would not warrant treatment in a person without POTS.

text: Fludrocortisone

text: , considered a

text: first-line

text: drug, works by reducing salt loss, which increases blood volume. If that fails,

text: midodrine

text: (or another

text: vasoconstrictor

text: , but excluding any that increase the heart rate) may be prescribed.  Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels, preventing blood pooling, and raising blood pressure. If symptoms and tachycardia persist, a clinician may choose to add a cardioselective

text: beta blocker

text: such as

text: bisoprolol

text: , which prevents

text: dilation of the blood vessels

text: and tachycardia.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beta blocker

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does fludrocortisone work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: midodrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasoconstrictors

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: as of 2013, no medication has been approved

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many blood vessels does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vasoconstrictor

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: How are veins different from arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does midodrine work by narrowing the blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vasoconstrictor,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: POTS,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: POTS,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart rate)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: POTS,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart rate)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beta blocker

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: medication

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: medication

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Fludrocortisone,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pooling,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardioselective beta blocker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: medication

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pooling,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: POTS,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Midodrine works by narrowing the blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: low blood pressure,

text: Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk of the pulmonary artery.

text: Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the

text: tricuspid valve

text: (or right atrioventricular valve), into the

text: right ventricle

text: . Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk of the

text: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which occurs first, the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: pulmonary, tricuspid, or right?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does pulmonary circulation work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does the tricuspid valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the pulmonary trunk?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the pulmonary artery, or the pulmonary trunk?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: right ventricle through the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary trunk of the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary trunk of the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve),

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right ventricle through the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: tricuspid valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Pulmonary circulation

text: Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel of the heart. This blood clot restricts blood flow within the heart. It is associated with narrowing of blood vessels subsequent to clotting. The condition is considered as a type of ischaemic heart disease.

text: Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel of the heart. This blood clot restricts

text: blood flow within the heart

text: . It is associated with

text: narrowing of blood vessels

text: subsequent to

text: clotting

text: . The condition is considered as a type of

text: ischaemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischaemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischaemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischaemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood clots

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood clots are not associated with narrowing of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischaemic heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischaemic heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Coronary thrombosis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary thrombosis

text: Patients are put to sleep using general anaesthesia and are positioned on their back with their head turned or on their side with the symptomatic side facing up. Electrical monitoring of facial function and hearing is used.  A straight incision is made two finger-breadths behind the ear about the length of the ear.  A portion of the skull around 30 mm (1.2 inches) in diameter is removed exposing the underlying brain covering known as the dura.  The dura is opened to expose the cerebellum.  The cerebellum is allowed to fall out of the way exposing the side of the brainstem.  Using a microscope and micro-instruments, the arachnoid membrane is dissected allowing visualization of the 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve.  The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.  Frequently a groove or indentation is seen in the nerve where the offending vessel was in contact with the nerve.  Less often the nerve is thin and pale.  Once the vessel is mobilized a sponge like material is placed between the nerve and the offending blood vessel to prevent the vessel from returning to its native position.

text: Patients are put to sleep using

text: general anaesthesia

text: and are positioned on their back with their head turned or on their side with the symptomatic side facing up. Electrical monitoring of facial function and hearing is used.  A straight incision is made two finger-breadths behind the ear about the length of the ear.  A portion of the skull around 30 mm (1.2 inches) in diameter is removed exposing the underlying brain covering known as the

text: dura

text: .  The dura is opened to expose the

text: cerebellum

text: .  The cerebellum is allowed to fall out of the way exposing the side of the

text: brainstem

text: .  Using a microscope and micro-instruments, the

text: arachnoid membrane

text: is dissected allowing visualization of the 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve.  The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.  Frequently a groove or indentation is seen in the nerve where the offending vessel was in contact with the nerve.  Less often the nerve is thin and pale.  Once the vessel is mobilized a sponge like material is placed between the nerve and the offending blood vessel to prevent the vessel from returning to its native position.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the trigeminal nerve

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: loop of blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: general anaesthesia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cerebellum

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right atria, left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical stimulation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arachnoid membrane

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: trigeminal

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the nerve is thin and pale

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right atrium.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: loop

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: loop

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: loop of blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: general anaesthesia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: sponge like material

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sponge like material

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arachnoid membrane

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: offending loop

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: thin and pale.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: sponge like material is placed between the nerve and the offending blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: trigeminal nerve.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thin and pale.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessel

text: If there is increased stroke volume of the left ventricle due to volume overload, an ejection systolic 'flow' murmur may also be present when auscultating the same aortic area. Unless there is concomitant aortic valve stenosis, the murmur should not start with an ejection click.There may also be an Austin Flint murmur, a soft mid-diastolic rumble heard at the apical area, it appears when regurgitant jet from the severe aortic insufficiency renders partial closure of the anterior mitral leaflet.Peripheral physical signs of aortic insufficiency are related to the high pulse pressure and the rapid decrease in blood pressure during diastole due to blood returning to the heart from the aorta through the incompetent aortic valve, although the usefulness of some of the eponymous signs has been questioned: Phonocardiograms detect AI by having electric voltage mimic the sounds the heart makes.

text: If there is increased stroke volume of the left ventricle due to volume overload, an ejection systolic 'flow' murmur may also be present when auscultating the same aortic area. Unless there is concomitant

text: aortic valve stenosis

text: , the murmur should not start with an ejection click.There may also be an

text: Austin Flint murmur

text: , a soft mid-diastolic rumble heard at the apical area, it appears when regurgitant jet from the severe aortic insufficiency renders partial closure of the anterior mitral leaflet.Peripheral physical signs of aortic insufficiency are related to the high pulse pressure and the rapid decrease in blood pressure during diastole due to blood returning to the heart from the aorta through the incompetent aortic valve, although the usefulness of some of the eponymous signs has been questioned: Phonocardiograms detect AI by having electric voltage mimic the sounds the heart makes.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: volume overload

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: leaflet

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What happens first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens to blood vessels when they dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electric voltage

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: aortic, mitral or aortic?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a valve to an atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aortic insufficiency

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: volume overload,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mitral leaflet.Peripheral

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood returning to the heart from the aorta

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Austin Flint murmur,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Austin Flint murmur,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electric voltage

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: If there is increased stroke volume of the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood returning to the heart from the aorta

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aortic valve,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood returning to the heart from the aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Austin Flint murmur,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: closure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: aortic valve stenosis,

text: Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart.  Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

text: Venous blood is deoxygenated

text: blood

text: which travels from the peripheral

text: vessels

text: , through the

text: venous system

text: into the

text: right atrium

text: of the

text: heart

text: .  Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the

text: right ventricle

text: to the

text: lung

text: s via the

text: pulmonary artery

text: which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the

text: pulmonary vein

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: peripheral vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many branches does the pulmonary artery have?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a branch of the pulmonary artery: left, right, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: pulmonary, venous, or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the venous system

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is oxygenated in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, pulmonary artery, or vein?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Venous blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: peripheral vessels,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Venous blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Venous blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery

text: Chewing nicotine gum may increase the risk of heart disease, although this is still debated.Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor; it constricts arteries, which increases the resistance against which the heart has to pump blood, effectively making it harder for the heart to pump blood through the body. The result is enhanced shear stress on vessel walls, and repeated nicotine exposure contributes to accelerated health problems that are a function of chronic vascular injury such as coronary artery disease, acute cardiac ischemic events, and hypertension Studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and esophageal reflux. Nicotine may also cause wounds to heal more slowly and may be associated with reproductive toxicity. Additionally, nicotine can cause the body to release its stores of fat and cholesterol into the blood.

text: Chewing nicotine gum may increase the risk of heart disease, although this is still debated.

text: Nicotine

text: is a

text: vasoconstrictor

text: ; it constricts

text: arteries

text: , which increases the resistance against which the heart has to pump blood, effectively making it harder for the

text: heart

text: to

text: pump

text: blood

text: through the body. The result is enhanced shear stress on vessel walls, and repeated nicotine exposure contributes to accelerated health problems that are a function of chronic vascular injury such as

text: coronary artery disease

text: , acute

text: cardiac ischemic

text: events, and

text: hypertension

text: Studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to

text: stroke

text: peptic ulcer disease

text: , and

text: esophageal reflux

text: . Nicotine may also cause wounds to heal more slowly and may be associated with reproductive toxicity. Additionally, nicotine can cause the body to release its stores of fat and cholesterol into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nicotine gum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Nicotine constrict?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nicotine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: it constricts arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, aorta, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Chewing nicotine gum

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: esophageal reflux.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstrictor;

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: debated.Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor;

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: enhanced shear stress on vessel walls,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: debated.Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor;

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nicotine gum

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstrictor;

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arteries, which increases the resistance against which the heart has to pump blood,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: chronic vascular injury

text: A breakthrough in understanding the flow of blood through the heart and body came with the publication of De Motu Cordis (1628) by the English physician William Harvey. Harvey's book completely describes the systemic circulation and the mechanical force of the heart, leading to an overhaul of the Galenic doctrines.  Otto Frank (1865–1944) was a German physiologist; among his many published works are detailed studies of this important heart relationship. Ernest Starling (1866–1927) was an important English physiologist who also studied the heart. Although they worked largely independently, their combined efforts and similar conclusions have been recognized in the name "Frank–Starling mechanism".

text: A breakthrough in understanding the flow of blood through the heart and body came with the publication of

entity_name: Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus

text: De Motu Cordis

text: (1628) by the English physician

text: William Harvey

text: . Harvey's book completely describes the

text: systemic circulation

text: and the mechanical force of the heart, leading to an overhaul of the Galenic doctrines.

text: Otto Frank

text: (1865–1944) was a German physiologist; among his many published works are detailed studies of this important heart relationship.

text: Ernest Starling

text: (1866–1927) was an important English physiologist who also studied the heart. Although they worked largely independently, their combined efforts and similar conclusions have been recognized in the name "

text: Frank–Starling mechanism

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Harvey's book describe?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the Frank–Starling mechanism work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Starling mechanism

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: flow of blood through the heart and body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the mechanical force of the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or Galenic doctrines?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the mechanical force of the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: A breakthrough in understanding the flow of blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation and the mechanical force

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Harvey's book completely describes the systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: "Frank–Starling mechanism".

text: The N/OFQ-NOP system has also been implicated in control of the cardiovascular system, as nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure and bradycardia. Nociceptin has significant effects on cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate that vary by species, as it is excitatory for rodents yet inhibitory for sheep.

text: The N/OFQ-NOP system has also been implicated in control of the cardiovascular system, as nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure and bradycardia. Nociceptin has significant effects on cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate that vary by species, as it is excitatory for rodents yet inhibitory for sheep.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bradycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the N/OFQ-NOP system control?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the N/OFQ-NOP system do?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: NOP system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Nociceptin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: N/OFQ-NOP

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: N/OFQ-NOP

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: high blood pressure and bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nociceptin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular system, as nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: high blood pressure and bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiovascular system,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: high blood pressure and bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: high blood pressure and bradycardia.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The N/OFQ-NOP system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: nociceptin administration has led to high blood pressure

text: Darwin challenged the validity of Galton's experiment, giving his reasons in an article published in 'Nature' where he wrote: "Now, in the chapter on Pangenesis in my Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, I have not said one word about the blood, or about any fluid proper to any circulating system. It is, indeed, obvious that the presence of gemmules in the blood can form no necessary part of my hypothesis; for I refer in illustration of it to the lowest animals, such as the Protozoa, which do not possess blood or any vessels; and I refer to plants in which the fluid, when present in the vessels, cannot be considered as true blood." He goes on to admit: "Nevertheless, when I first heard of Mr. Galton's experiments, I did not sufficiently reflect on the subject, and saw not the difficulty of believing in the presence of gemmules in the blood."

text: Darwin challenged the validity of Galton's experiment, giving his reasons in an article published in 'Nature' where he wrote: "Now, in the chapter on Pangenesis in my Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, I have not said one word about the blood, or about any fluid proper to any circulating system. It is, indeed, obvious that the presence of gemmules in the blood can form no necessary part of my hypothesis; for I refer in illustration of it to the lowest animals, such as the Protozoa, which do not possess blood or any vessels; and I refer to plants in which the fluid, when present in the vessels, cannot be considered as true blood." He goes on to admit: "Nevertheless, when I first heard of Mr. Galton's experiments, I did not sufficiently reflect on the subject, and saw not the difficulty of believing in the presence of gemmules in the blood."

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: domestication

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not true of the lowest animals?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the presence of gemmules in the blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vascular tissue

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fluid, when present in the vessels, cannot be considered as true blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Galton's experiment

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Protozoa, which do not possess blood or any vessels;

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Pangenesis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Domestication,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: gemmules

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: gemmules

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: vessels;

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessels;

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: gemmules

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: gemmules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: do not possess blood or any vessels;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood, or about any fluid proper to any circulating system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Darwin

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Darwin

text: Vaschillo and colleagues (1983) published the first studies of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback with cosmonauts and treated patients diagnosed with psychiatric and psychophysiological disorders. Lehrer collaborated with Smetankin and Potapova in treating pediatric asthma patients and published influential articles on HRV asthma treatment in the medical journal Chest. The most direct effect of HRV biofeedback is on the baroreflex, a homeostatic reflex that helps control blood pressure fluctuations. When blood pressure goes up, the baroreflex makes heart rate go down. The opposite happens when blood pressure goes down. Because it takes about 5 seconds for blood pressure to change after changes in heart rate (think of different amounts of blood flowing through the same sized tube), the baroreflex produces a rhythm in heart rate with a period of about 10 seconds. Another rhythm in heart rate is caused by respiration (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), such that heart rate rises during inhalation and falls during exhalation. During HRV biofeedback, these two reflexes stimulate each other, stimulating resonance properties of the cardiovascular system caused by the inherent rhythm in the baroreflex, and thus causing very big oscillations in heart rate and large-amplitude stimulation of the baroreflex. Thus HRV biofeedback exercises the baroreflex, and strengthens it. This apparently has the effect of modulating autonomic reactivity to stimulation. Because the baroreflex is controlled through brain stem mechanisms that communicate directly with the insula and amygdala, which control emotion, HRV biofeedback also appears to modulate emotional reactivity, and to help people suffering from anxiety, stress, and depression

text: Vaschillo and colleagues (1983) published the first studies of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback with

text: cosmonauts

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: exhalation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: exhalation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure goes up

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation through the right and left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the opposite happen when blood pressure goes down?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood pressure goes down?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: same sized tube

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreflex

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels that generally carry

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: different amounts of blood flowing through the same sized tube

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The opposite happens when blood pressure goes down.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the most direct effect of HRV biofeedback?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or respiratory sinus arrhythmia?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: exhalation.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: exhalation.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: asthma

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anxiety, stress, and depression

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: brain stem

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: HRV biofeedback

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: HRV biofeedback

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: HRV

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: each other, stimulating resonance properties of the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: different amounts of blood flowing through the same sized tube),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: HRV biofeedback

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: HRV biofeedback exercises the baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: baroreflex,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: HRV biofeedback

text: The horse's circulatory system includes the four-chambered heart, averaging  in weight, as well as the blood and blood vessels. Its main purpose is to circulate blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and to remove waste from these tissues. The hoof (including the frog - the V shaped part on the bottom of the horses hoof) is a very important part of the circulatory system. As the horse puts weight onto the hoof, the hoof wall is pushed outwards and the frog compressed, driving blood out of the frog, the digital pad, and the laminae of the hoof.  When weight is removed from the hoof, the release of pressure pulls blood back down into the foot again.  This effectively creates an auxiliary blood-pumping system at the end of each leg.  Some of this effect is lost when a horse is shod (eliminating the expansion and contraction of the hoof wall and raising the frog higher from the ground).

text: The horse's circulatory system includes the four-chambered heart, averaging  in weight, as well as the blood and blood vessels. Its main purpose is to circulate blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and to remove waste from these tissues. The hoof (including the frog - the V shaped part on the bottom of the horses hoof) is a very important part of the circulatory system. As the horse puts weight onto the hoof, the hoof wall is pushed outwards and the frog compressed, driving blood out of the frog, the digital pad, and the laminae of the hoof.  When weight is removed from the hoof, the release of pressure pulls blood back down into the foot again.  This effectively creates an auxiliary blood-pumping system at the end of each leg.  Some of this effect is lost when a horse is shod (eliminating the expansion and contraction of the hoof wall and raising the frog higher from the ground).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: waste

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: hoof

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: hoof

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the fourth

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: fourth

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: the fourth

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chambers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: the hoof, the digital pad, or the laminae of the hoof?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the circulatory system: the hoof, the digital pad, or the laminae?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the horse's circulatory system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the horse's circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: four-chambered heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood vessels are made of what?

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: What is the main purpose of the horse's circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the horse's circulatory system includes the four-chambered heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the frog, the digital pad, or the laminae?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: the hoof, the digital pad, or the laminae?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the horse's circulatory system: the hoof, the digital pad, or the laminae of the hoof?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the frog, the digital pad, or the laminae?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When weight is removed from the hoof, the release of pressure pulls blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: what is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: frog, the digital pad, and the laminae

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: frog,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: frog,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weight,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: auxiliary blood-pumping system

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and to remove waste from these tissues.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: auxiliary blood-pumping system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The horse's circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: four-chambered heart, averaging in weight,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: four-chambered heart,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: auxiliary blood-pumping system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The horse's circulatory system

text: They are about 5–6 ft. long once they reach maturity and they walk and lie horizontally, although they can temporarily stand up on their rearmost four legs, at which point they would be at eye level with average humans. They have four extensible eye-stalks which can turn to give a 360° view of their surroundings.  Their number of legs varies throughout the series, but is generally held to be 12 pairs, or 24 legs. They have no neck or skeleton, due to an immense and highly vulnerable cardiovascular system.  This system is complex, with two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels near the surface. This, combined with high pressure and a high pulse rate, makes cuts very dangerous; a Kelgian can bleed to death from a minor injury if not controlled. Their skin is thicker than a human's, and they have two mouths, one for their digestive system and one for their respiratory system.  A Kelgian female conceives once in her lifetime, producing two offspring of each gender.  Their speech sounds like a series of hoots and whines to human ears.

text: They are about 5–6 ft. long once they reach maturity and they walk and lie

text: horizontally

text: , although they can temporarily stand up on their rearmost four legs, at which point they would be at eye level with average humans. They have four extensible eye-stalks which can turn to give a 360° view of their surroundings.  Their number of legs varies throughout the series, but is generally held to be 12 pairs, or 24 legs. They have no neck or skeleton, due to an immense and highly vulnerable

text: cardiovascular system

text: .  This system is complex, with two hearts and many thin-walled

text: blood vessels

text: near the surface. This, combined with high pressure and a high pulse rate, makes cuts very dangerous; a Kelgian can bleed to death from a minor injury if not controlled. Their skin is thicker than a human's, and they have two mouths, one for their digestive system and one for their respiratory system.  A Kelgian female conceives once in her lifetime, producing two offspring of each gender.  Their speech sounds like a series of hoots and whines to human ears.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high pressure and a high pulse rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many mouths does a Kelgian have?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the Kelgian cardiovascular system: the atria, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Kelgian's cardiovascular system contain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the Kelgian's cardiovascular system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels near the surface

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulse rate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels near the surface

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: their skin is thicker than a human's

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the Kelgian cardiovascular system: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels near the surface?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bleed to death

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high pressure and a high pulse rate,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: two mouths, one for their digestive system and one for their respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: two mouths,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: thin-walled

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: two hearts

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: two hearts and many thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: thin-walled blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Kelgian

text: A chest x-ray will be given to determine the size of the heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

text: A chest x-ray will be given to determine the size of the heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They supply blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a left and a right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: chest x-ray will be given to determine the size of the heart

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: size of the heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: A chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: A chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: A chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: A chest x-ray

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: A chest x-ray

text: In 1998, Dr. Roberto Bolli led a U of L team that identified an intracellular molecule that could protect the heart from ischemic myocardial damage. This group presented its findings to 40,000 cardiologists at the 1998 American Heart Association (AHA) conference. Dr. Bolli also headed a U of L team that was awarded an $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part of the National Institutes of Health—to continue to build on this research in 2005, marking the largest nationally-competitive NIH grant awarded to the university. NIH reviewers rated the proposed research program as exceedingly innovative and potentially high-impact, noting that it addresses an extremely important clinical problem in a way that will move treatments from the laboratory to the patient as quickly as possible. Using highly unusual language, the reviewers called the proposal "a paradigm of what a program project grant should be." Dr. Bolli is or has been on the editorial board of all major cardiovascular journals and is the Editor in Chief of Circulation Research. He has been a member of numerous NIH study sections and committees and is a member of the NHLBI Advisory Council. He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the American Heart Association.

text: In 1998, Dr. Roberto Bolli led a U of L team that identified an

text: intracellular

text: molecule

text: that could protect the heart from

text: ischemic myocardial damage

text: . This group presented its findings to 40,000 cardiologists at the 1998

text: American Heart Association

text: (AHA) conference. Dr. Bolli also headed a U of L team that was awarded an $11.7 million grant from the

text: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: —part of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: —to continue to build on this research in 2005, marking the largest nationally-competitive NIH grant awarded to the university. NIH reviewers rated the proposed research program as exceedingly innovative and potentially high-impact, noting that it addresses an extremely important clinical problem in a way that will move treatments from the laboratory to the patient as quickly as possible. Using highly unusual language, the reviewers called the proposal "a paradigm of what a program project grant should be." Dr. Bolli is or has been on the editorial board of all major cardiovascular journals and is the Editor in Chief of

text: Circulation Research

text: . He has been a member of numerous NIH study sections and committees and is a member of the NHLBI Advisory Council. He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the American Heart Association.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: myocardial damage

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic myocardial damage

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which group presented its findings to 40,000 cardiologists at the 1998 American Heart Association (AHA) conference?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, myocardium, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: Arteries, Lungs, or Blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: blood vessels, blood vessels, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Myocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of what?

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of myocardial damage: ischemic myocardial damage

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lungs, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: Veins, arteries, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease: atherosclerosis or ischemic myocardial damage?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ischemic myocardial damage.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: intracellular molecule

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ischemic myocardial damage.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart from ischemic myocardial damage.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: $11.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute—part

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ischemic myocardial damage.

text: During contraction of the ventricular myocardium (systole), the subendocardial coronary vessels (the vessels that enter the myocardium) are compressed due to the high ventricular pressures.This compression results in momentary retrograde blood flow (i.e., blood flows backward toward the aorta) which further inhibits perfusion of myocardium during systole.However, the epicardial coronary vessels (the vessels that run along the outer surface of the heart) remain open.Because of this, blood flow in the subendocardium stops during ventricular contraction.As a result, most myocardial perfusion occurs during heart relaxation (diastole) when the subendocardial coronary vessels are open and under lower pressure.Flow never comes to zero in the right coronary artery, since the right ventricular pressure is less than the diastolic blood pressure.

text: During contraction of the

text: ventricular

text: myocardium (

text: systole

text: ), the subendocardial coronary vessels (the vessels that enter the myocardium) are compressed due to the high ventricular pressures.This compression results in momentary retrograde blood flow (i.e., blood flows backward toward the aorta) which further inhibits perfusion of myocardium during systole.However, the epicardial coronary vessels (the vessels that run along the outer surface of the heart) remain open.Because of this, blood flow in the subendocardium stops during ventricular contraction.As a result, most myocardial perfusion occurs during heart relaxation (

text: diastole

text: ) when the subendocardial coronary vessels are open and under lower pressure.Flow never comes to zero in the right coronary artery, since the right ventricular pressure is less than the diastolic blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: epicardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: systole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high ventricular pressures

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the subendocardial coronary vessels carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why is blood flow in the subendocardium stopped during ventricular contraction?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: epicardial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow in the subendocardium stops during ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or right coronary artery?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: During contraction of the ventricular myocardium (systole)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: epicardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: epicardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (systole),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high ventricular pressures.This

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricular myocardium (systole),

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: subendocardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: (diastole)

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta)

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ventricular pressures.This

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: subendocardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: epicardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: epicardial coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta)

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right coronary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood flows backward toward the aorta)

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: During contraction of the ventricular myocardium

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: open and under lower pressure.Flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: During contraction of the ventricular myocardium

text: When the hypothalamus receives signals from one of its many inputs (e.g., cerebral cortex, limbic system, visceral organs) about conditions that deviate from an ideal homeostatic state (e.g., alarming sensory stimulus, emotionally charged event, energy deficiency), this can be interpreted as the initiation step of the stress-response cascade. The hypothalamus is stimulated by its inputs and then proceeds to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormones. This hormone is transported to its target, the pituitary gland, via the hypophyseal portal system (short blood vessels system), to which it binds and causes the pituitary gland to, in turn, secrete its own messenger, adrenocorticotropic hormone, systemically into the body's blood stream. When adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches and binds to its target, the adrenal gland, the adrenal gland in turn releases the final key messenger in the cascade, cortisol. Cortisol, once released, has widespread effects in the body. During an alarming situation in which a threat is detected and signaled to the hypothalamus from primary sensory and limbic structures, cortisol is one way the brain instructs the body to attempt to regain homeostasis – by redistributing energy (glucose) to areas of the body that need it most, that is, toward critical organs (the heart, the brain) and away from digestive and reproductive organs, during a potentially harmful situation in an attempt to overcome the challenge at hand.

text: When the hypothalamus receives signals from one of its many inputs (e.g.,

text: cerebral cortex

text: limbic system

text: visceral organs

text: ) about conditions that deviate from an ideal homeostatic state (e.g., alarming sensory stimulus, emotionally charged event, energy deficiency), this can be interpreted as the initiation step of the stress-response

text: cascade

text: . The hypothalamus is stimulated by its inputs and then proceeds to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormones. This hormone is transported to its target, the pituitary gland, via the

text: hypophyseal portal system

text: (short blood vessels system), to which it binds and causes the pituitary gland to, in turn, secrete its own messenger, adrenocorticotropic hormone, systemically into the body's blood stream. When adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches and binds to its target, the adrenal gland, the adrenal gland in turn releases the final key messenger in the cascade, cortisol. Cortisol, once released, has widespread effects in the body. During an alarming situation in which a threat is detected and signaled to the hypothalamus from primary sensory and limbic structures, cortisol is one way the brain instructs the body to attempt to regain homeostasis – by redistributing energy (glucose) to areas of the body that need it most, that is, toward critical organs (the heart, the brain) and away from

text: digestive

text: and

text: reproductive organs

text: , during a potentially harmful situation in an attempt to overcome the challenge at hand.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: digestive and reproductive organs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: short blood vessels system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cortisol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is one way the brain instructs the body to attempt to regain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the hypothalamus receive?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels system

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: short blood vessels system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cortisol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pituitary gland

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: short blood vessels system

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which organs receive energy from the pituitary gland?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: digestive and reproductive organs,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: critical organs

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: (glucose)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: (the heart, the brain)

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: critical organs

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (the heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: energy deficiency),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: energy deficiency),

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: (the heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: hypophyseal portal system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cortisol,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hypophyseal portal system

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cortisol,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (the heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cortisol,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: toward critical organs

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Cortisol,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cortisol.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cortisol,

text: Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the aorta, the largest artery of the body. It then proceeds to divide into smaller and smaller arteries, then into arterioles, and eventually capillaries, where oxygen transfer occurs. The capillaries connect to venules, and the blood then travels back through the network of veins to the right heart. The micro-circulation — the arterioles, capillaries, and venules —constitutes most of the area of the vascular system and is the site of the transfer of O, glucose, and enzyme substrates into the cells. The venous system returns the de-oxygenated blood to the right heart where it is pumped into the lungs to become oxygenated and CO and other gaseous wastes exchanged and expelled during breathing. Blood then returns to the left side of the heart where it begins the process again.

text: Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the

text: aorta

text: , the largest artery of the body. It then proceeds to divide into smaller and smaller arteries, then into

text: arterioles

text: , and eventually

text: capillaries

text: , where oxygen transfer occurs. The capillaries connect to

text: venules

text: , and the blood then travels back through the network of veins to the

text: right heart

text: . The micro-circulation — the arterioles, capillaries, and venules —constitutes most of the area of the vascular system and is the site of the transfer of O,

text: glucose

text: , and

text: enzyme substrate

text: s into the cells. The venous system returns the de-oxygenated blood to the right heart where it is pumped into the

text: lungs

text: to become oxygenated and CO and other gaseous wastes exchanged and expelled during breathing. Blood then returns to the left side of the heart where it begins the process again.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right side of the heart where it begins the process again?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arterioles, capillaries, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, arterioles, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not the site of the transfer of O, glucose, and enzyme substrates into the cells?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries, arterioles, and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood then travels back through the network of veins to the right heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the largest artery of the body?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not the site of the transfer of O, glucose, and enzyme substrates into the cells?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: right heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: micro-circulation

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arterioles, and eventually capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins to the right heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterioles, and eventually capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: divide into smaller and smaller arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles, capillaries, and venules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the largest artery of the body.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: artery

text: Right atrial pressure (RAP) is the blood pressure in the right atrium of the heart. RAP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. RAP is often nearly identical to central venous pressure (CVP), although the two terms are not identical, as a pressure differential can sometimes exist between the venae cavae and the right atrium. CVP and RAP can differ when venous tone is altered. This can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the venous return plotted against right atrial pressure (where central venous pressure increases, but right atrial pressure stays the same; VR = CVP − RAP).

text: Right atrial pressure (RAP) is the

text: blood pressure

text: in the

text: right atrium

text: of the

text: heart

text: . RAP reflects the amount of

text: blood returning to the heart

text: and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the

text: arterial

text: system. RAP is often nearly identical to

text: central venous pressure

text: (CVP), although the two terms are not identical, as a pressure differential can sometimes exist between the

text: venae cavae

text: and the right atrium. CVP and RAP can differ when venous tone is altered. This can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the

text: venous return

text: plotted against right atrial pressure (where central venous pressure increases, but right atrial pressure stays the same; VR = CVP − RAP).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Left atrial pressure (LAP) is the blood pressure in the left atrium of the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the arterial system carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: capillaries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: RAP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: RAP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: RAP is often nearly identical to what?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: venous tone

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Right atrial pressure

text: An ejection fraction (EF) is the fraction of blood ejected from a ventricle of the heart with each heartbeat. It is calculated by dividing the stroke volume by the end-diastolic volume, and is an inherent measure of the pumping efficiency of the heart. Hearts that beat busily but do not succeed in expelling much blood are said to be in heart failure. Left ventricular ejection fraction is a measure of the efficiency of pumping into the systemic circulation, whereas right ventricular ejection fraction is a measure of the efficiency of pumping into the pulmonary circulation.

text: An ejection fraction (EF) is the

text: fraction

text: of

text: blood

text: ejected from a

text: ventricle

text: of the

text: heart

text: with each

text: heartbeat

text: . It is calculated by dividing the

text: stroke volume

text: by the

text: end-diastolic volume

text: , and is an inherent measure of the pumping

text: efficiency

text: of the heart. Hearts that beat busily but do not succeed in expelling much blood are said to be in

text: heart failure

text: . Left ventricular ejection fraction is a measure of the efficiency of pumping into the

text: systemic circulation

text: , whereas right ventricular ejection fraction is a measure of the efficiency of pumping into the

text: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: left ventricular ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right ventricular ejection fraction?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vein: left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary circulation, or right ventricular ejection fraction?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the left ventricular ejection fraction pump into?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a measure of the efficiency of pumping into the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: a ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: EF

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Left ventricular ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following does not include the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: systemic circulation,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Left ventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right ventricular ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right ventricular ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary circulation.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: An ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: ejection fraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ejection fraction

text: When an aviator is submitted to positive g-force in acceleration, the blood will move to the inferior part of the body, meaning that if the g-force is elevated, all the blood pressure in veins will increase. This means less blood reaches the heart, affecting its ability to function, with decreased circulation.

text: When an aviator is submitted to positive g-force in acceleration, the blood will move to the inferior part of the body, meaning that if the g-force is elevated, all the blood pressure in veins will increase. This means less blood reaches the heart, affecting its ability to function, with decreased circulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: inferior

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure in veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of pulmonary circulation: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: veins or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure in veins will increase

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: inferior

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: inferior

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: decreased circulation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: positive g-force

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: inferior

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: veins will increase. This means less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: When an aviator is submitted to positive g-force

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure in veins

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: less blood reaches the heart,

text: Management of acute coronary syndrome is targeted against the effects of reduced blood flow to the afflicted area of the heart muscle, usually because of a blood clot in one of the coronary arteries, the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium. This is achieved with urgent hospitalization and medical therapy, including drugs that relieve chest pain and reduce the size of the infarct, and drugs that inhibit clot formation; for a subset of patients invasive measures are also employed (coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention). Basic principles of management are the same for all types of acute coronary syndrome. However, some important aspects of treatment depend on the presence or absence of elevation of the ST segment on the electrocardiogram, which classifies cases upon presentation to either ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST-ACS); the latter includes unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Treatment is generally more aggressive for STEMI patients, and reperfusion therapy is more often reserved for them. Long term therapy is necessary for prevention of recurrent events and complications.

text: Management of acute coronary syndrome is targeted against the effects of reduced blood flow to the afflicted area of the

text: heart muscle

text: , usually because of a

text: blood clot

text: in one of the

text: coronary arteries

text: , the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium. This is achieved with urgent hospitalization and medical therapy, including drugs that relieve

text: chest pain

text: and reduce the size of the infarct, and drugs that inhibit clot formation; for a subset of patients invasive measures are also employed (

text: coronary angiography

text: and

text: percutaneous coronary intervention

text: ). Basic principles of management are the same for all types of

text: acute coronary syndrome

text: . However, some important aspects of treatment depend on the presence or absence of

text: elevation of the ST segment

text: on the

text: electrocardiogram

text: , which classifies cases upon presentation to either

text: ST segment

text: elevation

text: myocardial infarction

text: (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST-ACS); the latter includes

text: unstable angina

text: and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Treatment is generally more aggressive for STEMI patients, and

text: reperfusion therapy

text: is more often reserved for them. Long term therapy is necessary for prevention of

text: recurrent events

text: and

text: complications

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: myocardial infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI)

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do coronary arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true of coronary arteries: the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute coronary syndrome

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: infarction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clot

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: a blood clot in one of the coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiogram,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood clot in one of the coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood clot in one of the coronary arteries,

text: Phenoxybenzamine is used as an anti-hypertensive due to its efficacy in reducing the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Phenoxybenzamine forms a permanent covalent bond with adrenergic receptors.  Based on known information about the structures of these receptors, it likely involves attack by the cysteine at position 3.36 in transmembrane helix 3 to form a stable linkage. Thus, it remains permanently bound to the receptor, preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline from binding. This causes vasodilatation in blood vessels, due to its antagonistic effect at the alpha-1 adrenoceptor found in the walls of blood vessels, resulting in a drop in blood pressure. A side effect of phenoxybenzamine is reflex tachycardia.

text: Phenoxybenzamine is used as an anti-hypertensive due to its efficacy in reducing the

text: vasoconstriction

text: caused by

text: epinephrine

text: (adrenaline) and

text: norepinephrine

text: . Phenoxybenzamine forms a permanent covalent bond with

text: adrenergic receptor

text: s.  Based on known information about the structures of these receptors, it likely involves attack by the cysteine at position 3.36 in transmembrane helix 3 to form a stable linkage. Thus, it remains permanently bound to the receptor, preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline from binding. This causes vasodilatation in blood vessels, due to its antagonistic effect at the alpha-1 adrenoceptor found in the walls of blood vessels, resulting in a drop in blood pressure. A side effect of phenoxybenzamine is reflex

text: tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tachycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does phenoxybenzamine form a permanent covalent bond with?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the benefit of vasodilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Phenoxybenzamine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: the walls of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: alpha-1

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have alpha-1 adrenoceptor

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: alpha-1 adrenoceptor or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a side effect of phenoxybenzamine?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: anti-hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: alpha-1

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: alpha-1

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: alpha-1

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: walls of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tachycardia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anti-hypertensive

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: alpha-1 adrenoceptor

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: alpha-1 adrenoceptor

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilatation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: alpha-1 adrenoceptor

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Phenoxybenzamine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Phenoxybenzamine

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: norepinephrine.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: walls of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilatation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Phenoxybenzamine

text: In front of them, another woman is emptying the contents of a vessel—perhaps the blood of the sacrificed bull—into a second vessel, possibly as an invocation to the soul of the deceased. It seems that the blood of the bull was used for the regeneration of the reappearing dead. This scene is reminiscent of a description of Homer, where the dead needed blood. On the left, three men holding animals and a boat are approaching a male figure without limbs; ahe presumably represents the dead man receiving gifts. The boat is offered for his journey to the next world . According to a Minoan belief, beyond the sea, there was the island of the happy dead Elysion, where the departed souls could have a different but happier existence. Rhadamanthys was the judge of the Elysion, and this idea probably predates some later Orphic beliefs.

text: In front of them, another woman is emptying the contents of a vessel—perhaps the blood of the sacrificed bull—into a second vessel, possibly as an invocation to the soul of the deceased. It seems that the blood of the bull was used for the regeneration of the reappearing dead. This scene is reminiscent of a description of Homer, where the dead needed blood. On the left, three men holding animals and a boat are approaching a male figure without limbs; ahe presumably represents the dead man receiving gifts. The boat is offered for his journey to the next world . According to a Minoan belief, beyond the sea, there was the island of the happy dead

text: Elysion

text: , where the departed souls could have a different but happier existence.

text: Rhadamanthys

text: was the judge of the Elysion, and this idea probably predates some later

text: Orphic

text: beliefs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the blood of the bull symbolize?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the woman empty into a vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the woman emptying the contents of a vessel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as what?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Elysion

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood of the sacrificed bull

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bull—into

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the dead needed blood.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: bull—into

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: soul of the deceased.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: bull—into

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: the dead needed blood.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: happy dead Elysion,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: happy dead Elysion,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: happy dead Elysion,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the blood of the sacrificed bull—into

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the dead needed blood.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: bull—into

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: bull—into

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: limbs;

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the blood of the sacrificed bull—into

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: happy dead Elysion,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vessel—perhaps the blood of the sacrificed bull—into

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vessel—perhaps the blood of the sacrificed bull—into

text: Similarly, baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in the aortic sinus, carotid bodies, the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself. Rates of firing from the baroreceptors represent blood pressure, level of physical activity, and the relative distribution of blood. The cardiac centers monitor baroreceptor firing to maintain cardiac homeostasis, a mechanism called the baroreceptor reflex. With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases, and the cardiac centers decrease sympathetic stimulation and increase parasympathetic stimulation. As pressure and stretch decrease, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases, and the cardiac centers increase sympathetic stimulation and decrease parasympathetic stimulation.

text: Similarly, baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in the aortic sinus, carotid bodies, the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself. Rates of firing from the baroreceptors represent blood pressure, level of physical activity, and the relative distribution of blood. The cardiac centers monitor baroreceptor firing to maintain cardiac homeostasis, a mechanism called the baroreceptor reflex. With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases, and the cardiac centers decrease sympathetic stimulation and increase parasympathetic stimulation. As pressure and stretch decrease, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases, and the cardiac centers increase sympathetic stimulation and decrease parasympathetic stimulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic sinus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: level of physical activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac centers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not located in the aortic sinus, carotid bodies, the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a location, including the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreceptor

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The right side of the heart itself

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a stretch receptor: aortic sinus, carotid bodies, the venae cavae, or right side of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, carotid bodies, or the venae cavae?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiac homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increased pressure and stretch,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increased pressure and stretch,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aortic sinus,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreceptor reflex.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: baroreceptors are stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right side of the heart itself.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic sinus,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: baroreceptor reflex. With increased pressure and stretch,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: baroreceptors are stretch receptors

text: As a result of sharing a single placenta, the blood supplies of monochorionic twin fetuses can become connected, so that they share blood circulation: although each fetus uses its own portion of the placenta, the connecting blood vessels within the placenta allow blood to pass from one twin to the other. It is thought that most monochorionic placentae have these "shared connections" that cross the placenta, with the net flow volumes being equal between them. This state is sometimes referred to as "flow balance". Depending on the number, type and direction of the interconnecting blood vessels (anastomoses), blood can be transferred disproportionately from one twin (the "donor") to the other (the "recipient"), due to a state of "flow imbalance" imparted by new blood vessel growth across the placental "equator", the line that divides each baby's proportion of the shared placenta. This state of transfusion causes the donor twin to have decreased blood volume, retarding the donor's development and growth, and also decreased urinary output, leading to a lower than normal level of amniotic fluid (becoming oligohydramnios). The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased, which can strain the fetus's heart and eventually lead to heart failure, and also higher than normal urinary output, which can lead to excess amniotic fluid (becoming polyhydramnios).

text: As a result of sharing a single placenta, the blood supplies of

text: monochorionic

text: twin fetuses can become connected, so that they share blood circulation: although each fetus uses its own portion of the placenta, the connecting blood vessels within the placenta allow blood to pass from one twin to the other. It is thought that most monochorionic placentae have these "shared connections" that cross the placenta, with the net flow volumes being equal between them. This state is sometimes referred to as "flow balance". Depending on the number, type and direction of the interconnecting

text: blood vessel

text: s (

text: anastomoses

text: ), blood can be transferred disproportionately from one twin (the "donor") to the other (the "recipient"), due to a state of "flow imbalance" imparted by new blood vessel growth across the placental "equator", the line that divides each baby's proportion of the shared placenta. This state of transfusion causes the donor twin to have decreased blood volume, retarding the donor's development and growth, and also decreased

text: urinary

text: output, leading to a lower than normal level of

text: amniotic fluid

text: (becoming

text: oligohydramnios

text: ). The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased, which can strain the fetus's heart and eventually lead to heart failure, and also higher than normal urinary output, which can lead to excess amniotic fluid (becoming

text: polyhydramnios

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: anastomoses

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: fetus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: recipient

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: recipient

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: anastomoses

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood volume of the recipient twin is increased

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased, which can strain the fetus's heart

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the blood supply of monochorionic twin fetuses share?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What state of transfusion causes the donor twin to have decreased blood volume?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: anastomoses

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the net flow volumes being equal between them

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased, which can strain the fetus's

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the blood volume of the recipient twin increased, which can strain the fetus's heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: fetus's

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: recipient twin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: fetus's heart and eventually lead to heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: new blood vessel growth

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: each fetus uses its own portion

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood circulation:

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: (anastomoses),

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: "flow balance".

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart failure,

text: Activation of TRPA1 by umbellulone results in the opening of this ion channel. Calcium will enter the cell and the cell membrane will be depolarised. Depolarisation of the membrane will result in the release of CGRP1. Released CGRP can bind to its CGRP-receptor. This will induce a CGRP-dependent local vasodilatation (Fig. 4) of the cerebral blood vessels. Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels will increase the blood flow to the brain outer membranes. CGRP binding to its receptor will also promote mast cell degranulation and infiltration by neutrophils and other immune cells. The increase in immune cells and its inflammatory response is thought to be the main cause of the occurrence of migraine. Its is still being discussed if vasodilatation of the cerebral blood vessels contributes to the cause of the migraine and headaches. Still the vasodilatory effect and the blood flow increase can be used as an indirect indication for the release of CGRP and therefore for the presence of the migraine and headaches.

text: Activation of TRPA1 by umbellulone results in the opening of this ion channel. Calcium will enter the cell and the cell membrane will be depolarised. Depolarisation of the membrane will result in the release of CGRP1. Released CGRP can bind to its CGRP-receptor. This will induce a CGRP-dependent local

text: vasodilatation

text: (Fig. 4) of the cerebral blood vessels. Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels will increase the blood flow to the brain outer membranes. CGRP binding to its receptor will also promote mast cell degranulation and infiltration by neutrophils and other immune cells. The increase in immune cells and its inflammatory response is thought to be the main cause of the occurrence of migraine. Its is still being discussed if vasodilatation of the cerebral blood vessels contributes to the cause of the migraine and headaches. Still the vasodilatory effect and the blood flow increase can be used as an indirect indication for the release of CGRP and therefore for the presence of the migraine and headaches.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: umbellulone

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right atria, left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels will increase blood flow to the brain

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What will increase the blood flow to the brain outer membranes?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels in the heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular vesicles

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilatory

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels will increase the blood flow to the brain outer membranes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels will increase blood flow to the brain outer membranes

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Activation of TRPA1 by umbellulone

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain outer membranes.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cerebral

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: migraine.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Activation of TRPA1 by umbellulone

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: mast cell

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Activation of TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Activation of TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Activation of TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flow to the brain outer membranes.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: brain outer membranes.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: TRPA1

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: mast cell

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: CGRP-dependent local vasodilatation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow to the brain outer membranes.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: CGRP-dependent local vasodilatation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cerebral blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Activation of TRPA1 by umbellulone

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilatation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: CGRP-dependent local vasodilatation

text: In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted blood ("blue") is pumped from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs where it is oxygenated. This is the pulmonary circulation part of blood flow. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the left heart, via the pulmonary veins, and is pumped through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself. This is the systemic circulation part of blood flow, the other loop of an interconnected normal cardio-pulmonary system.

text: In a normal

text: heart

text: oxygen

text: -depleted blood ("blue") is pumped from the

text: right side of the heart

text: , through the

text: pulmonary artery

text: , to the

text: lung

text: s where it is oxygenated. This is the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: part of blood flow. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the

text: left heart

text: , via the

text: pulmonary veins

text: , and is pumped through the

text: aorta

text: to the rest of the body, including the heart

text: muscle

text: itself. This is the

text: systemic circulation

text: part of blood flow, the other loop of an interconnected normal

text: cardio

text: pulmonary

text: system.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation part of blood flow, the other loop of an interconnected normal cardio-pulmonary system?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: pulmonary, aorta, or systemic?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen-depleted blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: red

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-depleted blood is pumped from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs where it is oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted blood ("blue") is pumped from the right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the other loop of an interconnected normal cardio-pulmonary system?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Why do veins have thicker walls?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the other loop of an interconnected normal cardio-pulmonary system?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery, to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary veins, and is pumped through the aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary artery, to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: systemic circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the left heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery,

text: From the central sinus in the collar, blood flows to a complex series of sinuses and peritoneal folds in the proboscis. This set of structures is referred to as a glomerulus and may have an excretory function, since acorn worms otherwise have no defined excretory system. From the proboscis, blood flows into a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract, from which smaller sinuses supply blood to the trunk, and back into the dorsal vessel.

text: From the central sinus in the collar, blood flows to a complex series of sinuses and

text: peritoneal

text: folds in the proboscis. This set of structures is referred to as a glomerulus and may have an excretory function, since acorn worms otherwise have no defined excretory system. From the proboscis, blood flows into a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract, from which smaller sinuses supply blood to the trunk, and back into the dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: central sinus

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: central sinus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the central sinus in the collar supply?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the central sinus in the collar?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: central sinus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: acorn worms

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flows into a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The central sinus in the collar

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: central sinus in the collar,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: trunk,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: acorn worms otherwise have no defined excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: a complex series of sinuses and peritoneal folds

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: From the central sinus

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: smaller sinuses supply blood to the trunk,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sinuses and peritoneal folds

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: dorsal vessel.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a single blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: a single blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: a single blood vessel running underneath the digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: peritoneal folds

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: glomerulus and may have an excretory function,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: From the central sinus

text: In vivo however, extrinsic factors such as an increase in activity of the sympathetic nerves, and a decrease in vagal tone cause the heart to beat more frequently and more forcefully.  This alters the cardiac function curve, shifting it upwards.  This allows the heart to cope with the required cardiac output at a relatively low right atrial pressure.  We get what is known as a family of cardiac function curves, as the heart rate increases before the plateau is reached, and without the RAP having to rise dramatically to stretch the heart more and get the Starling effect.

text: In vivo

text: however, extrinsic factors such as an increase in activity of the

text: sympathetic nerves

text: , and a decrease in

text: vagal tone

text: cause the heart to beat more frequently and more forcefully.  This alters the cardiac function curve, shifting it upwards.  This allows the heart to cope with the required cardiac output at a relatively low right atrial pressure.  We get what is known as a family of cardiac function curves, as the heart rate increases before the plateau is reached, and without the RAP having to rise dramatically to stretch the heart more and get the Starling effect.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Starling effect

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increase in activity of the sympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vagal tone

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atrial pressure: right atrial pressure, left atrial pressure or left atrial pressure?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the Starling effect?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: RAP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not used for blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vagal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Starling effect.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Starling effect.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: extrinsic factors

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic nerves,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: In vivo

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increase in activity of the sympathetic nerves,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sympathetic nerves,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sympathetic nerves,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic nerves,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Starling effect.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic nerves, and a decrease in vagal tone

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: In vivo

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: In vivo

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: low right atrial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: increase in activity of the sympathetic nerves,

text: In medicine, nitroglycerin is used as a medicine for angina pectoris, a painful symptom of ischemic heart disease caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart and as a potent antihypertensive agent. Nitroglycerin corrects the imbalance between the flow of oxygen and blood to the heart.  At low doses, nitroglycerin will dilate veins more than arteries, thereby reducing preload (volume of blood in the heart after filling); this is thought to be its primary mechanism of action. By decreasing preload, the heart has less blood to pump which decreases oxygen requirement since the heart doesn't have to work as hard. Additionally, having a smaller preload reduces the ventricular transmural pressure (pressure exerted on the walls of the heart), which decreases the compression of heart arteries to allow more blood to flow through the heart. At higher doses, it also dilates arteries, thereby reducing afterload (decreasing the pressure against which the heart must pump). Improved myocardial oxygen demand vs oxygen delivery ratio leads to the following therapeutic effects during episodes of angina pectoris: subsiding of chest pain, decrease of blood pressure, increase of heart rate, and orthostatic hypotension. Patients experiencing angina when doing certain physical activities can often prevent symptoms by taking nitroglycerin 5 to 10 minutes before the activity.

text: In

text: medicine

text: , nitroglycerin is used as a medicine for

text: angina pectoris

text: , a painful symptom of

text: ischemic heart disease

text: caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart and as a potent antihypertensive agent. Nitroglycerin corrects the imbalance between the flow of oxygen and blood to the heart.  At low doses, nitroglycerin will dilate veins more than arteries, thereby reducing

text: preload

text: (volume of blood in the heart after filling); this is thought to be its primary mechanism of action. By decreasing preload, the heart has less blood to pump which decreases oxygen requirement since the heart doesn't have to work as hard. Additionally, having a smaller preload reduces the ventricular transmural pressure (pressure exerted on the walls of the heart), which decreases the compression of heart arteries to allow more blood to flow through the heart. At higher doses, it also dilates arteries, thereby reducing

text: afterload

text: (decreasing the pressure against which the heart must pump). Improved myocardial oxygen demand vs oxygen delivery ratio leads to the following therapeutic effects during episodes of angina pectoris: subsiding of chest pain, decrease of

text: blood pressure

text: , increase of heart rate, and

text: orthostatic hypotension

text: . Patients experiencing angina when doing certain physical activities can often prevent symptoms by taking nitroglycerin 5 to 10 minutes before the activity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitroglycerin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: veins more than arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inadequate flow of blood and oxygen

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: ventricular transmural pressure

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: compression of heart arteries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ischemic heart disease

text: "Heart Beats Again" was solely written by Dami Im and produced by Carl Dimitaga. It was the last song written for her third studio album Heart Beats. Im said that "Heart Beats Again" has a double meaning, with one being that it is about the two loves in her life—husband Noah Kim and Jesus. She spoke about the song in an interview with BuzzFeed, saying: "It's the last song that I wrote for this album. [The album] was kind of finished, and I just thought 'Mmm, I still need one more song to kind of summarise the album and make it really, truly my own'. I wrote 'Heart Beats [Again]' at home, by myself, and it might not be a perfect song, but I just felt like it really expressed, like, the essence of why I’m doing this. It's the song that represents who I am, in an unpolluted way."

text: "Heart Beats Again" was solely written by

text: Dami Im

text: and produced by Carl Dimitaga. It was the last song written for her third studio album

text: Heart Beats

text: . Im said that "Heart Beats Again" has a

text: double meaning

text: , with one being that it is about the two loves in her life—husband Noah Kim and

text: Jesus

text: . She spoke about the song in an interview with

text: BuzzFeed

text: , saying: "It's the last song that I wrote for this album. [The album] was kind of finished, and I just thought 'Mmm, I still need one more song to kind of summarise the album and make it really, truly my own'. I wrote 'Heart Beats [Again]' at home, by myself, and it might not be a perfect song, but I just felt like it really expressed, like, the essence of why I’m doing this. It's the song that represents who I am, in an unpolluted way."

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: unpolluted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the last song that I wrote for this album

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: what is the last song that I wrote for this album?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Dami Im's song represent?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the meaning of "Heart Beats Again"?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Dami Im

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unpolluted way

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: "Heart Beats Again" has a double meaning

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: an unpolluted

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart Beats.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: "Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: "Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: life—husband

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: "Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unpolluted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: "Heart Beats Again"

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unpolluted

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two loves in her life—husband Noah Kim and Jesus.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Carl Dimitaga.

text: The EEQ-forming cytochromes are widely distributed in the tissues of humans and other mammals, including blood vessel endothelium, blood vessel atheroma placques, heart muscle, kidneys, pancreas, intestine, lung, brain, monocytes, and macrophages.  These tissues are known to metabolize arachidonic acid to EETs; it has been shown or is presumed that they also metabolize EPA to EEQs. Note, however, that the CYP epoxygenases, similar to essentially all CYP450 enzymes, are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics as well as endogenously-formed compounds; since many of these same compounds also induce increases in the levels of the epoxygenases, CYP oxygenase levels and consequently EEQ levels in humans vary widely and are highly dependent on recent consumption history; numerous other factors, including individual genetic differences, also contribute to the variability in CYP450 epoxygenase expression.

text: The EEQ-forming cytochromes are widely distributed in the tissues of humans and other mammals, including blood vessel endothelium, blood vessel

text: atheroma

text: placques, heart muscle, kidneys, pancreas, intestine, lung, brain,

text: monocyte

text: s, and

text: macrophage

text: s.  These tissues are known to metabolize arachidonic acid to EETs; it has been shown or is presumed that they also metabolize EPA to EEQs. Note, however, that the CYP epoxygenases, similar to essentially all CYP450 enzymes, are involved in the metabolism of

text: xenobiotics

text: as well as endogenously-formed compounds; since many of these same compounds also induce increases in the levels of the epoxygenases, CYP oxygenase levels and consequently EEQ levels in humans vary widely and are highly dependent on recent consumption history; numerous other factors, including individual genetic differences, also contribute to the variability in CYP450 epoxygenase expression.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: individual genetic differences

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel endothelium

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does CYPoxygenase levels and consequently EEQ levels in humans vary widely and are highly dependent on recent consumption history

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: CYP oxygenase

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atheroma placques

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessel endothelium

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atheroma

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: individual genetic differences,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atheroma placques, heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The EEQ-forming cytochromes

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cytochromes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The EEQ-forming cytochromes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel endothelium,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessel atheroma placques,

text: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. In 2008, 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases are also higher in low- and middle-income countries as over 80% of all global death caused by cardiovascular diseases occurred in those countries. It is also estimated that by 2030, over 23 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases each year.

text: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. In 2008, 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases are also higher in low- and middle-income countries as over 80% of all global death caused by cardiovascular diseases occurred in those countries. It is also estimated that by 2030, over 23 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases each year.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low- and middle-income countries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for cardiovascular diseases?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease: Cardiovascular diseases or Arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the most likely reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: low- and middle-income countries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular diseases

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death.

text: Central venous pressure (CVP) is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood back into the arterial system. CVP is often a good approximation of right atrial pressure (RAP), although the two terms are not identical, as a pressure differential can sometimes exist between the venae cavae and the right atrium. CVP and RAP can differ when arterial tone is altered. This can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the venous return plotted against right atrial pressure (where central venous pressure increases, but right atrial pressure stays the same; VR = CVP − RAP).

text: Central venous pressure (CVP) is the

text: blood pressure

text: in the

text: venae cavae

text: , near the

text: right atrium

text: of the

text: heart

text: . CVP reflects the amount of

text: blood returning to the heart

text: and the ability of the heart to pump the blood back into the

text: arterial

text: system. CVP is often a good approximation of

text: right atrial pressure

text: (RAP), although the two terms are not identical, as a pressure differential can sometimes exist between the venae cavae and the right atrium. CVP and RAP can differ when arterial tone is altered. This can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the

text: venous return

text: plotted against

text: right atrial pressure

text: (where central venous pressure increases, but right atrial pressure stays the same; VR = CVP − RAP).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Central venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right atrium, left atrium, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the venae cavae carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can be graphically depicted as changes in the slope of the venous return plotted against right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venae cavae

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: CVP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Central venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: CVP is often a good approximation of right atrial pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or venae cavae?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial tone

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arterial tone is altered.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: arterial tone is altered.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterial tone

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterial system.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Central venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Central venous

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venae cavae,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Central venous pressure

text: This discovery contradicted the conventional belief of the time that the blood flows from the heart via the arteries as well as the veins. It is obvious that this hypothesis was supported by the fact that the network of arteries and veins becomes thinner and thinner as they get farther from the heart. It was also assumed that the networks are not connected, so the blood cannot pass from one network to the other. (The microscope was not yet invented, so one could not view capillary arteries without aid.)

text: This discovery contradicted the conventional belief of the time that the blood flows from the heart via the arteries as well as the veins. It is obvious that this hypothesis was supported by the fact that the network of arteries and veins becomes thinner and thinner as they get farther from the heart. It was also assumed that the networks are not connected, so the blood cannot pass from one network to the other. (The microscope was not yet invented, so one could not view capillary arteries without aid.)

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: thinner and thinner as they get farther from the heart

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It was not yet invented, so one could not view capillary arteries without aid.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the networks are not connected, so the blood cannot pass from one network to the other

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The arteries as well as the veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the network of arteries and veins becomes thinner as they get farther from the heart

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It was not possible to view capillary arteries without aid.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: thin and thinner as they get farther from the heart

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: thinner and thinner as they get farther from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: capillary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the blood flows from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries as well as the veins.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the blood flows from the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries and veins becomes thinner and thinner as they get farther from the heart.

text: The Greek physician Galen (2nd century CE) knew blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Galen, noting the heart as the hottest organ in the body, concluded that it provided heat to the body. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves. Galen believed the arterial blood was created by venous blood passing from the left ventricle to the right through 'pores' between the ventricles. Air from the lungs passed from the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart and created arterial blood.

text: The Greek physician

text: Galen

text: (2nd century CE) knew blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Galen, noting the heart as the hottest organ in the body, concluded that it provided heat to the body. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves. Galen believed the arterial blood was created by venous blood passing from the left ventricle to the right through 'pores' between the ventricles. Air from the lungs passed from the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart and created arterial blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: venous or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: dark red or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must veins have to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which type of blood is brighter and thinner?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the difference between venous and arterial blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulsation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: dark red

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart did not pump blood around

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: venous (dark red) or arterial (brighter and thinner)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the hottest organ in the body?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the heart did not pump blood around

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle to the right

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left side

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Air from the lungs

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart and created arterial blood.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 'pores' between the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: (brighter and thinner)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: venous (dark red) and arterial

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 'pores' between the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 'pores' between the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle to the right

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous (dark red)

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery

text: In 1600 BCE, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, an Ancient Egyptian medical text, described the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, hypothalamus, uterus and bladder, and showed the blood vessels diverging from the heart. The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) features a "treatise on the heart", with vessels carrying all the body's fluids to or from every member of the body.

text: In 1600 BCE, the

text: Edwin Smith Papyrus

text: , an Ancient Egyptian

text: medical text

text: , described the

text: heart

text: , its vessels,

text: liver

text: spleen

text: kidneys

text: hypothalamus

text: uterus

text: and

text: bladder

text: , and showed the

text: blood vessel

text: s diverging from the heart. The

text: Ebers Papyrus

text: (c. 1550 BCE) features a "treatise on the heart", with vessels carrying all the body's fluids to or from every member of the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels diverging

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: diverging from the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or spleen?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Ebers Papyrus describe?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the Ebers Papyrus describe?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ebers

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: diaphragm

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ebers

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: the Edwin Smith Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: liver, spleen, kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart",

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: uterus and bladder,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessels diverging

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart. The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: liver, spleen, kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: vessels carrying all the body's fluids

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: the blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The Ebers Papyrus

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood vessels diverging from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Edwin Smith Papyrus,

text: The cause of the cardiovascular problems became, and remains, a subject of intensive research.  As of 2012 results have been converging on the hypothesis that the adverse cardiovascular effects are most likely due to inhibition of COX-2 in blood vessels, which leads to a decrease in the production of prostacyclin in them.  Prostacyclin usually prevents platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, so its inhibition can lead to excess clot formation and higher blood pressure.

text: The cause of the cardiovascular problems became, and remains, a subject of intensive research.  As of 2012 results have been converging on the hypothesis that the adverse cardiovascular effects are most likely due to inhibition of COX-2 in

text: blood vessels

text: , which leads to a decrease in the production of

text: prostacyclin

text: in them.  Prostacyclin usually prevents

text: platelet aggregation

text: and

text: vasoconstriction

text: , so its inhibition can lead to excess clot formation and higher blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular problems

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: higher blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contraction: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelets

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: production of prostacyclin in them

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: COX-2 in blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inhibition of COX-2 in blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: COX-2 in blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: platelet

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a decrease in the production of prostacyclin

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: COX-2 in blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: COX-2 in blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a subject of intensive research.

text: The acardiac twin is a parasitic twin that fails to properly develop a heart, and therefore generally does not develop the upper structures of the body. The parasitic twin, little more than a torso with or without legs, receives its blood supply from the host twin by means of an umbilical cord-like structure (which often only has 2 blood vessels, instead of 3), much like a fetus in fetu, except the acardiac twin is outside the host twin's body. Although the reason is not fully understood, it is apparent that deoxygenated blood from the pump twin is perfused to the acardiac twin. The acardiac twin grows along with the pump twin, but due to inadequate oxygenation it is unable to develop the structures necessary for life, and presents with dramatic deformities.

text: The acardiac twin is a

text: parasitic twin

text: that fails to properly develop a heart, and therefore generally does not develop the upper structures of the body. The parasitic twin, little more than a

text: torso

text: with or without legs, receives its blood supply from the host twin by means of an umbilical cord-like structure (which often only has 2 blood vessels, instead of 3), much like a

text: fetus in fetu

text: , except the acardiac twin is outside the host twin's body. Although the reason is not fully understood, it is apparent that deoxygenated blood from the pump twin is perfused to the acardiac twin. The acardiac twin grows along with the pump twin, but due to inadequate oxygenation it is unable to develop the structures necessary for life, and presents with dramatic deformities.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: parasitic twin

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acardiac

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: acardiac twin

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does the acardiac twin grow along with the pump twin?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for the blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: umbilical cord

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the acardiac twin does not develop the upper structures of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acardiac

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pump twin is perfused to the acardiac twin.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pump twin is perfused to the acardiac twin.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acardiac

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: acardiac twin

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: umbilical cord-like structure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: acardiac twin

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 2 blood vessels, instead of 3),

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 2 blood vessels, instead of 3),

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: 3),

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pump twin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 2 blood vessels, instead of 3),

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 2 blood vessels, instead of 3),

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 2 blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: umbilical cord-like structure

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: umbilical cord-like structure

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 2 blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: deoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: acardiac twin

text: A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.

text: A hematoma is a localized collection of

text: blood

text: outside the

text: blood vessels

text: , due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken

text: capillaries

text: . A hematoma is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in

text: sacs

text: between tissues where it may

text: coagulate

text: and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An

text: ecchymosis

text: is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: injury or surgery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How can blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: broken capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: injury or surgery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: broken capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: broken capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: broken capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: broken capillaries.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: reabsorbed into blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: hematoma

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: A hematoma

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels,

text: The NTS neurons send excitatory fibers (glutamatergic) to the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), activating the CVLM.  The activated CVLM then sends inhibitory fibers (GABAergic) to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), thus inhibiting the RVLM.  The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system, sending excitatory fibers (glutamatergic) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord.  Hence, when the baroreceptors are activated (by an increased blood pressure), the NTS activates the CVLM, which in turn inhibits the RVLM, thus decreasing the activity of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, leading to a relative decrease in blood pressure.  Likewise, low blood pressure activates baroreceptors less and causes an increase in sympathetic tone via "disinhibition" (less inhibition, hence activation) of the RVLM. Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system includes both blood vessels and the heart.

text: The NTS neurons send excitatory fibers (

text: glutamate

text: rgic) to the

text: caudal ventrolateral medulla

text: (CVLM), activating the CVLM.  The activated CVLM then sends inhibitory fibers (GABAergic) to the

text: rostral ventrolateral medulla

text: (RVLM), thus inhibiting the RVLM.  The RVLM is the primary regulator of the

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: , sending excitatory fibers (

text: glutamate

text: rgic) to the

text: sympathetic

text: preganglionic neurons located in the

text: intermediolateral nucleus

text: of the spinal cord.  Hence, when the baroreceptors are activated (by an increased blood pressure), the NTS activates the CVLM, which in turn inhibits the RVLM, thus decreasing the activity of the

text: sympathetic

text: branch of the autonomic nervous system, leading to a relative decrease in blood pressure.  Likewise, low blood pressure activates baroreceptors less and causes an increase in

text: sympathetic

text: tone via "disinhibition" (less inhibition, hence activation) of the RVLM. Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system includes both blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: rostral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ganglionic neurons

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a target of the sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: GABAergic

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels and the heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not involved in the nervous system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a target of the sympathetic nervous system: blood vessels or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a target of the sympathetic nervous system: both blood vessels and the heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a target of the sympathetic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: rostral ventrolateral medulla

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: rostral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: rostral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: rostral ventrolateral medulla

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: rostral

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system includes both blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: sympathetic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a relative decrease in blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: rostral ventrolateral medulla

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system includes both blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Cardiovascular targets of the sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels and the heart.

text: From the lungs, blood returns to the heart and will be distributed throughout the body. Interestingly, alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs), which carry cholesterol. Alcohol is known to make blood less likely to clot, reducing risk of heart attack and stroke. This could be the reason that alcohol seems to produce health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts. Also, alcohol dilates blood vessels. Consequently, a person will feel warmer, and his/her skin flush and appear pink.

text: From the lungs, blood returns to the heart and will be distributed throughout the body. Interestingly, alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs), which carry cholesterol. Alcohol is known to make blood less likely to clot, reducing risk of heart attack and stroke. This could be the reason that alcohol seems to produce health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts. Also, alcohol dilates blood vessels. Consequently, a person will feel warmer, and his/her skin flush and appear pink.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why does alcohol dilate blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilates

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a person will feel warmer, and his skin flush and appear pink.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: From the lungs, blood returns to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: alcohol

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: From the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood returns to the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: alcohol increases levels of high-density lipoproteins(HDLs),

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: alcohol

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol.

text: Once the procedure on the heart vessels (coronary artery bypass grafting) or inside the heart such as valve replacement or correction of congenital heart defect, etc. is over, the cross-clamp is removed and the isolation of the heart is terminated, so normal blood supply to the heart is restored and the heart starts beating again.

text: Once the procedure on the heart vessels (

text: coronary artery bypass grafting

text: ) or inside the heart such as

text: valve replacement

text: or correction of

text: congenital heart defect

text: , etc. is over, the cross-clamp is removed and the isolation of the heart is terminated, so normal blood supply to the heart is restored and the heart starts beating again.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of procedure on the heart vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: normal blood supply to the heart is restored

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (coronary artery bypass grafting)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart vessels (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital heart defect,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital heart defect,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: normal blood supply to the heart is restored and the heart starts beating again.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Once the procedure on the heart vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood supply

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart vessels (coronary artery bypass grafting)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: (coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: valve replacement or correction of congenital heart defect,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: normal blood supply to the heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: normal blood supply

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery bypass grafting)

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Once the procedure on the heart vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: (coronary artery bypass grafting)

text: The heart is a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. The heart is located in the middle compartment of the chest.

text: The heart is a

text: muscular

text: organ

text: in humans and other

text: animal

text: s, which pumps

text: blood

text: through the

text: blood vessel

text: s of the

text: circulatory system

text: . Blood provides the body with

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nutrient

text: s, as well as assists in the removal of

text: metabolic waste

text: s. The heart is located in the

text: middle compartment

text: of the

text: chest

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not located in the middle compartment of the chest?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not located in the middle compartment of the chest?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the circulatory system work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: It flows through the left and right ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: metabolic wastes.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: middle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: middle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: middle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: metabolic wastes.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: middle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart is a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels of the circulatory system.

text: Abnormalities in the normal sinus rhythm of the heart can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood, and are generally identified by ECG. These cardiac arrhythmias can cause an abnormal but regular heart rhythm, such as a rapid heart rate (tachycardia, classified as arising from above the ventricles or from the ventricles) or a slow heart rate (bradycardia); or may result in irregular rhythms. Tachycardia is generally defined as a heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute, and bradycardia as a heart rate slower than 60. Asystole is the cessation of heart rhythm. A random and varying rhythm is classified as atrial or ventricular fibrillation depending if the electrical activity originates in the atria or the ventricles. Abnormal conduction can cause a delay or unusual order of contraction of the heart muscle. This can be a result of a disease process, such as heart block, or congenital, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

text: Abnormalities in the normal

text: sinus rhythm

text: of the heart can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood, and are generally identified by ECG. These

text: cardiac arrhythmia

text: s can cause an abnormal but regular heart rhythm, such as a rapid heart rate (

text: tachycardia

text: , classified as

text: arising from above the ventricles

text: or

text: from the ventricles

text: ) or a slow heart rate (

text: bradycardia

text: ); or may result in irregular rhythms. Tachycardia is generally defined as a heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute, and bradycardia as a heart rate slower than 60.

text: Asystole

text: is the cessation of heart rhythm. A random and varying rhythm is classified as

text: atrial

text: or

text: ventricular fibrillation

text: depending if the electrical activity originates in the atria or the ventricles. Abnormal conduction can cause a delay or unusual order of contraction of the heart muscle. This can be a result of a disease process, such as

text: heart block

text: , or congenital, such as

text: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart block

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart block

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What is the order of contraction of the heart muscle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart pump?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical activity

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: from the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What can cause a delay or unusual order of contraction of the heart muscle?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart block,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart block,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart block, or congenital,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial or ventricular fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Abnormalities in the normal sinus rhythm

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: ECG.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricular fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atria or the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart block,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: atrial or ventricular fibrillation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ECG.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: ECG.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Abnormalities in the normal sinus rhythm of the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ECG.

text: When ultrasound is used to image the heart it is referred to as an echocardiogram.  Echocardiography allows detailed structures of the heart, including chamber size, heart function, the valves of the heart, as well as the pericardium (the sac around the heart) to be seen.  Echocardiography uses 2D, 3D, and Doppler imaging to create pictures of the heart and visualize the blood flowing through each of the four heart valves. Echocardiography is widely used in an array of patients ranging from those experiencing symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, to those undergoing cancer treatments. Transthoracic ultrasound has been proven to be safe for patients of all ages, from infants to the elderly, without risk of harmful side effects or radiation, differentiating it from other imaging modalities. Echocardiography is one of the most commonly used imaging modalities in the world due to its portability and use in a variety of applications. In emergency situations, echocardiography is quick, easily accessible, and able to be performed at the bedside, making it the modality of choice for many physicians.

text: When ultrasound is used to image the heart it is referred to as an

text: echocardiogram

text: .  Echocardiography allows detailed structures of the heart, including chamber size, heart function, the valves of the heart, as well as the pericardium (the sac around the heart) to be seen.  Echocardiography uses 2D, 3D, and

text: Doppler

text: imaging to create pictures of the heart and visualize the blood flowing through each of the four heart valves. Echocardiography is widely used in an array of patients ranging from those experiencing symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, to those undergoing cancer treatments. Transthoracic ultrasound has been proven to be safe for patients of all ages, from infants to the elderly, without risk of harmful side effects or radiation, differentiating it from other imaging modalities. Echocardiography is one of the most commonly used imaging modalities in the world due to its portability and use in a variety of applications. In emergency situations, echocardiography is quick, easily accessible, and able to be performed at the bedside, making it the modality of choice for many physicians.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Doppler

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: the elderly

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a heart valve: right atria, left atria, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a heart valve: the ventricles, the atria, or the pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the sac around the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does echocardiography visualize?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does echocardiography work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Doppler imaging

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flowing through each of the four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: through each of the four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, the pericardium, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cancer treatments.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Echocardiography

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flowing through each of the four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: four heart valves.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: echocardiogram.

text: is a locally constant sheaf on U. Note the presence of the shift according to the dimension of Z and U respectively. This shift causes the category of perverse sheaves to be well-behaved on singular spaces.This t-structure was introduced by Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne. It was shown by Beilinson that the derived category of the heart

text: is a locally constant sheaf on U. Note the presence of the shift according to the dimension of Z and U respectively. This shift causes the category of perverse sheaves to be

text: well-behaved

text: on singular spaces.This t-structure was introduced by Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne. It was shown by Beilinson that the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: t-structure

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The right atria receives blood from the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: context: Veins must have muscular walls

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Arteries generally carry oxygen-poor blood.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels dilate

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a t-structure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein of the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a locally constant sheaf on U

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Context: A valve is a device used to control the flow of blood in the circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: context: is a locally constant sheaf on U

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Context: Arteries have thinner walls.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: U.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: U.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: perverse sheaves to be well-behaved on singular spaces.This

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Z

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: t-structure

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: perverse sheaves to be well-behaved on singular spaces.This

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: U.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: locally constant sheaf

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: perverse sheaves

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: perverse sheaves to be well-behaved on singular spaces.This

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: perverse sheaves to be well-behaved on singular spaces.This

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the derived category of the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne.

text: Insufficient physical activity (defined as less than 5 x 30 minutes of moderate activity per week, or less than 3 x 20 minutes of vigorous activity per week) is currently the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide.  In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4% women) were insufficiently physically active.  The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent). In addition, physical activity assists weight loss and improves blood glucose control, blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. These effects may, at least in part, explain its cardiovascular benefits.

text: Insufficient physical activity (defined as less than 5 x 30 minutes of moderate activity per week, or less than 3 x 20 minutes of vigorous activity per week) is currently the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide.  In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4% women) were insufficiently physically active.  The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent). In addition, physical activity assists weight loss and improves blood glucose control, blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. These effects may, at least in part, explain its cardiovascular benefits.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes blood in the pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the third leading risk factor for mortality worldwide?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: ischemic heart disease, lipid profile, or insulin sensitivity?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cardiovascular benefit: ischemic heart disease or diabetes mellitus?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: ischemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Insufficient physical activity

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Insufficient physical activity

text: Endothelium is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial cells that line the interior of both blood and lymph vessels.  The endothelium that lines blood vessels is known as vascular endothelium, which is subject to and must withstand the forces of blood flow and blood pressure from the cardiovascular system.  To withstand these cardiovascular forces, endothelial cells must simultaneously have a structure capable of withstanding the forces of circulation while also maintaining a certain level of plasticity in the strength of their structure.  This plasticity in the structural strength of the vascular endothelium is essential to overall function of the cardiovascular system. Endothelial cells within blood vessels can alter the strength of their structure to maintain the vascular tone of the blood vessel they line, prevent vascular rigidity, and even help to regulate blood pressure within the cardiovascular system.  Endothelial cells accomplish these feats by using depolarization to alter their structural strength.  When an endothelial cell undergoes depolarization, the result is a marked decrease in the rigidity and structural strength of the cell by altering the network of fibers that provide these cells with their structural support.  Depolarization in vascular endothelium is essential not only to the structural integrity of endothelial cells, but also to the ability of the vascular endothelium to aid in the regulation of vascular tone, prevention of vascular rigidity, and the regulation of blood pressure.

text: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood flow and blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the vascular endothelium line?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: depolarization

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: endothelial cells must simultaneously have a structure capable of withstanding the forces of circulation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or vascular endothelium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular rigidity,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: depolarization

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood flow and blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lymph

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: vascular tone

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: depolarization

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: forces of blood flow and blood pressure from the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood and lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vascular tone

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: depolarization

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Endothelium

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood and lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow and blood pressure from the cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vascular tone

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood and lymph vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vascular tone

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Endothelium

text: The Seven Countries Study showed that the risk and rates of heart attack and stroke cardiovascular risk both at the population level and at the individual level was directly and independently related to the level of total serum cholesterol. It demonstrated that the association between blood cholesterol level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk from 5 to 40 years follow-up is found consistently across different cultures. Cholesterol and obesity were associated with increased mortality from cancer.

text: The Seven Countries Study showed that the risk and rates of heart attack and stroke

text: cardiovascular risk

text: both at the population level and at the individual level was directly and independently related to the level of total serum cholesterol. It demonstrated that the association between blood cholesterol level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk from 5 to 40 years follow-up is found consistently across different cultures. Cholesterol and obesity were associated with increased mortality from cancer.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: CHD

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: level of total serum cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease: coronary heart disease, stroke or obesity?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiovascular risk

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Cardioverter

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood cholesterol level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: stroke

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: total serum cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary heart disease

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart attack and stroke

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The Seven Countries Study

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cholesterol.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cholesterol.

text: Blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin, an enzyme released from the kidneys, converts the inactive plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I (Ang I).  Then Ang I is converted to Ang II with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), see figure 2. Ang II in plasma then binds to AT-receptors.

text: Blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte

text: homeostasis

text: is regulated by the

text: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system

text: Renin

text: , an enzyme released from the kidneys, converts the inactive plasma protein

text: angiotensinogen

text: into angiotensin I (Ang I).  Then Ang I is converted to Ang II with

text: angiotensin converting enzyme

text: (ACE), see figure 2. Ang II in plasma then binds to AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: AT-receptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system:

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not an artery: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How is blood pressure regulated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Angiotensin I

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiotensin I

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angiotensin

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Angiotensin I is converted to Ang II with angiotensin converting enzyme

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the main function of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: AT-receptors.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system.Renin,

text: In February 2006, the band began recording "in earnest" for the record. The band considered many producers for the album, among those Danger Mouse. Eventually, the record was produced by Hoppus and Barker, with longtime associate and friend Jerry Finn in the role of executive producer. Finn came in late into production to oversee completion, but eventually contributed heavily to the album's writing. Producer Dan "The Automator" Nakamura was called in to "tinker" with a track. Upon completion, the record's tentative title was Little Death. By August, the band decided on naming the album When Your Heart Stops Beating. "We always thought of the phrase 'when your heart stops beating' as capturing the good and the bad in the world in everything," said Hoppus of the title. "When you fall in love with a lady and your heart skips a beat or something great happens. And also, obviously, when your heart stops beating, the end of things."

text: In February 2006, the band began recording "in earnest" for the record. The band considered many producers for the album, among those

text: Danger Mouse

text: . Eventually, the record was produced by Hoppus and Barker, with longtime associate and friend

text: Jerry Finn

text: in the role of executive producer. Finn came in late into production to oversee completion, but eventually contributed heavily to the album's writing. Producer Dan "The Automator" Nakamura was called in to "tinker" with a track. Upon completion, the record's tentative title was Little Death. By August, the band decided on naming the album When Your Heart Stops Beating. "We always thought of the phrase 'when your heart stops beating' as capturing the good and the bad in the world in everything," said Hoppus of the title. "When you fall in love with a lady and your heart skips a beat or something great happens. And also, obviously, when your heart stops beating, the end of things."

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart stops

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fall in love with a lady

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the album When Your Heart Stops Beating contain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beat

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: when your heart stops beating, the end of things

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: According to the passage, which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Death.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lady

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Death.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fall in love with a lady

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beat

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Little Death.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: heart skips a beat

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: good and the bad

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: When Your Heart Stops Beating.

text: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes incumbent on differential blood pressure on each side.

text: A heart valve normally allows

text: blood

text: to flow in only one direction through the

text: heart

text: . The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of

text: blood flow

text: through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes incumbent on differential

text: blood pressure

text: on each side.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mammalian heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: differential blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart valve: right atria or left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: mammalian

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood can flow in any direction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: differential blood pressure on each side.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mammalian heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: differential blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: four valves

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The four valves

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: A heart valve

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: A heart valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: A heart valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: differential blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: A heart valve

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood to flow in only one direction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: one direction

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: one direction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: differential blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.

text: It was suggested in the late 1980s that crocodilians were originally active, warm-blooded predators and that their archosaur ancestors were warm-blooded. More recently, developmental studies indicate that crocodilian embryos develop fully four-chambered hearts first—then develop the modifications that make their hearts function as three-chambered under water. Using the principle that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, the researchers concluded that the original crocodilians had fully 4-chambered hearts and were therefore warm-blooded and that later crocodilians developed the bypass as they reverted to being cold-blooded aquatic ambush predators.

text: It was suggested in the late 1980s that crocodilians were originally active, warm-blooded predators and that their archosaur ancestors were warm-blooded. More recently, developmental studies indicate that crocodilian embryos develop fully four-chambered hearts first—then develop the modifications that make their hearts function as three-chambered under water. Using the principle that

text: ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

text: , the researchers concluded that the original crocodilians had fully 4-chambered hearts and were therefore warm-blooded and that later crocodilians developed the bypass as they reverted to being cold-blooded aquatic ambush predators.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: the bypass

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: warm-blooded

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: chambers

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: four-chambered or three-chambered?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of crocodilians?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe crocodiles?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the original crocodilians had fully 4-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What part of the body does the aorta carry blood to?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cold-blooded

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: active, warm-blooded

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: warm-blooded

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: crocodilians were originally active, warm-blooded

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: four-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: warm-blooded

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: bypass

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: three-chambered

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: crocodilian embryos develop fully four-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: crocodilian embryos develop fully four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: four-chambered

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: crocodilian embryos develop fully four-chambered hearts

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: crocodilians were originally active, warm-blooded

text: Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis, a narrowing of a blood vessel, leading to restricted blood flow. Restenosis usually pertains to an artery or other large blood vessel that has become narrowed, received treatment to clear the blockage and subsequently become renarrowed. This is usually restenosis of an artery, or other blood vessel, or possibly a vessel within an organ.

text: Restenosis is the recurrence of

text: stenosis

text: , a narrowing of a

text: blood vessel

text: , leading to restricted blood flow. Restenosis usually pertains to an

text: artery

text: or other large

text: blood vessel

text: that has become narrowed, received treatment to clear the blockage and subsequently become renarrowed. This is usually restenosis of an

text: artery

text: , or other blood vessel, or possibly a vessel within an

text: organ

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: restenosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Restenosis usually pertain to?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of restenosis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Restenosis usually pertains to an artery or other large blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a type of restenosis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: restricted blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Restenosis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: restricted blood flow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a narrowing of a blood vessel, leading to restricted blood flow.

text: A single post mortem case has been described to date The patient was a male who became unwell 10 days after exposure. After four days he presented acutely unwell to a hospital. He was found to have a raised eosinophil count, to be thrombocytopaenic, hyponatraemic with an elevated blood urea, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase and amino transferase values. Dengue fever was suspected but ruled out on investigation. Malarial parasites were seen on the blood film and later identified as Plasmodium knowlesi by PCR. At post mortem the liver and spleen were enlarged. The brain and endocardium showed multiple petechial haemorrhages. The lungs had features consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Histological examination showed sequestration of pigmented parasitized red blood cells in the vessels of the cerebrum, cerebellum, heart and kidney without evidence of chronic inflammatory reaction in the brain or any other organ examined. The spleen and liver had abundant pigment containing macrophages and parasitized red blood cells. The kidney had evidence of acute tubular necrosis. Endothelial cells in heart sections were prominent. Brain sections were negative for intracellular adhesion molecule-1.

text: A single post mortem case has been described to date The patient was a male who became unwell 10 days after exposure. After four days he presented acutely unwell to a hospital. He was found to have a raised eosinophil count, to be

text: thrombocytopaenic

text: hyponatraemic

text: with an elevated blood

text: urea

text: potassium

text: lactate dehydrogenase

text: and

text: amino transferase

text: values.

text: Dengue

text: fever was suspected but ruled out on investigation. Malarial parasites were seen on the blood film and later identified as Plasmodium knowlesi by PCR. At post mortem the

text: liver

text: and

text: spleen

text: were enlarged. The brain and

text: endocardium

text: showed multiple

text: petechia

text: l haemorrhages. The lungs had features consistent with

text: acute respiratory distress syndrome

text: . Histological examination showed sequestration of pigmented parasitized red blood cells in the vessels of the

text: cerebrum

text: cerebellum

text: heart

text: and

text: kidney

text: without evidence of chronic inflammatory reaction in the brain or any other organ examined. The spleen and liver had abundant pigment containing macrophages and parasitized red blood cells. The kidney had evidence of acute tubular necrosis. Endothelial cells in heart sections were prominent. Brain sections were negative for intracellular adhesion molecule-1.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cerebellum

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endocardium.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tubular necrosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: malarial parasites

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Context: Veins must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the patient have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is an example of a blood vessel dilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next to

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a pacing electrode.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Endothelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The kidney had evidence of acute tubular necrosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Context: Veins have thinner walls than arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: acute tubular necrosis.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart and kidney

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: acute tubular necrosis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: thrombocytopaenic, hyponatraemic

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs had features consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: thrombocytopaenic, hyponatraemic

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: enlarged.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: endocardium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: chronic inflammatory reaction

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and kidney

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: heart and kidney

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: acute tubular necrosis.

text: In 2nd century AD Rome, the Greek physician Galen knew that blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Growth and energy were derived from venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air) and originated in the heart. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves.

text: In 2nd century AD

text: Rome

text: , the

text: Greek

text: physician

text: Galen

text: knew that blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Growth and energy were derived from venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air) and originated in the heart. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: dark red or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: dark red or arterial?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: vein, artery, or liver?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which type of blood is brighter and thinner?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the difference between venous blood and arterial blood?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: venous blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venous blood and arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there was no return of blood to the heart or liver

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or liver?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or venous blood?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flowed from both creating organs

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: liver.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: venous (dark red) and arterial

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart did not pump blood around,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: there was no return of blood to the heart or liver.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: return of blood to the heart or liver.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: venous (dark red)

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: arterial blood

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

text: The Two Fridas (Las dos Fridas in Spanish) is an oil painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The painting was the first large-scale work done by Kahlo and is considered one of her most notable paintings. It is a double self-portrait, depicting two versions of Kahlo seated together. One is wearing a white European-style Victorian dress while the other is wearing a traditional Tehuana dress. Some art historians have suggested that the two figures in the painting are a representation of Frida's dual heritage. Her father, Guillermo Kahlo, was German; while her mother, Matilde Calderon, was a mix of Spanish and Amerindian. Both Frida's hold items in their lap. The Mexican Frida holds a small sculpture of an ancient god, and the European Frida holds forceps. Blood spills onto the European Frida's white dress from a broken blood vessel that has been cut by the forceps. The blood vessel connects the two Fridas, winding its way from their hands through their hearts. The work alludes to Kahlo's life of constant pain and surgical procedures and the Aztec tradition of human sacrifice.

text: The Two Fridas (Las dos Fridas in

text: Spanish

text: ) is an oil painting by

text: Mexican

text: artist

text: Frida Kahlo

text: . The painting was the first large-scale work done by Kahlo and is considered one of her most notable paintings. It is a double self-portrait, depicting two versions of Kahlo seated together. One is wearing a white European-style Victorian dress while the other is wearing a traditional Tehuana dress. Some art historians have suggested that the two figures in the painting are a representation of Frida's dual heritage. Her father,

text: Guillermo Kahlo

text: , was German; while her mother, Matilde Calderon, was a mix of Spanish and Amerindian. Both Frida's hold items in their lap. The Mexican Frida holds a small sculpture of an ancient god, and the European Frida holds forceps. Blood spills onto the European Frida's white dress from a broken blood vessel that has been cut by the forceps. The blood vessel connects the two Fridas, winding its way from their hands through their hearts. The work alludes to Kahlo's life of constant pain and surgical procedures and the

text: Aztec

text: tradition of human sacrifice.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: hands

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Tehuana

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: European Frida

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: European Frida

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hearts

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: constant pain and surgical procedures

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria does blood in the pulmonary circulation pass through?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Arteries, hands, or hearts?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Where does the blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: forceps

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels that generally carry what?

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel connects the two Fridas, winding its way from their hands through their hearts

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The blood vessel connects the two Fridas, winding its way from their hands through their hearts.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What connects the two Fridas, winding its way from their hands through their hearts?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins, arteries, or both?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: hands

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: European Frida's white dress from a broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: human sacrifice.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: constant pain and surgical procedures

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The Two Fridas

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: broken blood vessel that has been cut by the forceps.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: from their hands through their hearts.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: winding its way from their hands through their hearts.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: winding its way from their hands through their hearts.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: hearts.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: broken blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The Two Fridas

text: The field of endovascular surgery arose from interventional radiology techniques to treat disease that is endovascular (inside blood vessels) and has become an alternative to vascular surgery for some conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm and peripheral artery disease. Basic techniques involve the introduction of a catheter percutaneously into a large blood vessel by Seldinger technique. Typically the blood vessel chosen is the femoral artery or a vein found near the groin.  Access to the femoral artery for example, is required for coronary, carotid, and cerebral angiographic procedures.  The catheter is injected with a radio-opaque contrast dye that can be seen on fluoroscopy (live X-ray).  As the contrast courses through the blood vessels, characteristic images are seen by experienced viewers and can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular trauma, or aneurysms.

text: The field of endovascular surgery arose from interventional radiology techniques to treat disease that is endovascular (inside

text: blood vessels

text: ) and has become an alternative to

text: vascular surgery

text: for some conditions such as

text: abdominal aortic aneurysm

text: and

text: peripheral artery disease

text: . Basic techniques involve the introduction of a

text: catheter

text: percutaneous

text: ly into a large blood vessel by

text: Seldinger technique

text: . Typically the blood vessel chosen is the

text: femoral artery

text: or a vein found near the groin.  Access to the femoral artery for example, is required for

text: coronary

text: carotid

text: , and

text: cerebral

text: angiographic

text: procedures.  The catheter is injected with a

text: radio-opaque

text: contrast dye

text: that can be seen on

text: fluoroscopy

text: (live

text: X-ray

text: ).  As the contrast courses through the blood vessels, characteristic images are seen by experienced viewers and can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as

text: atherosclerosis

text: , vascular trauma, or

text: aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular trauma

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: carotid

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: femoral artery or vein found near the groin?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary, carotid, or cerebral?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does endovascular surgery work?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: femoral artery or vein found near the groin

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: coronary, carotid, or cerebral angiographic procedures?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: abdominal aortic aneurysm or peripheral artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary, carotid,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary, carotid,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: vascular trauma,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: abdominal aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atherosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The field of endovascular surgery

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The field of endovascular surgery

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: endovascular surgery

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: radio-opaque contrast dye

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: (inside blood vessels)

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The field of endovascular surgery

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: femoral artery

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic aneurysm

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: endovascular surgery

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis,

text: In 1984, the NIH provided funding for a feasibility study pertaining to diet adherence, conducted by the Women's Health Trial (WHT).  The WHT, which commenced in 1986 and involved 303 women randomized into dietary intervention and control groups, yielded results demonstrating a high degree of adherence on the basis of both food-intake questionnaires and clinical laboratory findings. The WHT did not proceed with its full-scale trial, as it was not awarded further funding from the NIH on the basis of the potential inability of the study to test the hypothesis in a larger cohort of women.  In 1990, however, interest in the impact of diet on cancer and cardiovascular disease in women was renewed, and a joint National Cancer Institute (NCI)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop concluded that a full-scale dietary trial, with a focus on these two diseases, was warranted.

text: In 1984, the NIH provided funding for a feasibility study pertaining to diet adherence, conducted by the Women's Health Trial (WHT).  The WHT, which commenced in 1986 and involved 303 women randomized into dietary intervention and control groups, yielded results demonstrating a high degree of adherence on the basis of both food-intake questionnaires and clinical laboratory findings. The WHT did not proceed with its full-scale trial, as it was not awarded further funding from the NIH on the basis of the potential inability of the study to test the hypothesis in a larger cohort of women.  In 1990, however, interest in the impact of diet on cancer and cardiovascular disease in women was renewed, and a joint National Cancer Institute (NCI)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop concluded that a full-scale dietary trial, with a focus on these two diseases, was warranted.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diet

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the N in NCLBI stand for?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood institute

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two paths

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the N in "NHLBI" stand for?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diet

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: (NCI)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: (NCI)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Women's Health Trial

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cancer and cardiovascular disease in women

text: The normal rhythmical heart beat, called sinus rhythm, is established by the sinoatrial node, the heart's pacemaker. Here an electrical signal is created that travels through the heart, causing the heart muscle to contract.

text: The normal rhythmical heart beat, called

text: sinus rhythm

text: , is established by the

text: sinoatrial node

text: , the heart's

text: pacemaker

text: . Here an electrical signal is created that travels through the heart, causing the heart muscle to contract.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the sinoatrial node?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not travel through the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first path is the left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or sinus rhythm?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: sinus rhythm,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sinus rhythm, is established by the sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: sinus rhythm,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The normal rhythmical heart beat,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sinoatrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The normal rhythmical heart beat,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The normal rhythmical heart beat, called sinus rhythm,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: an electrical signal

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The normal rhythmical heart beat,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: sinoatrial node,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contract.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: sinoatrial node,

text: The first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball, which utilizes a metal cage to house a silicone elastomer ball. When blood pressure in the chamber of the heart exceeds that of the pressure on the outside of the chamber the ball is pushed against the cage and allows blood to flow. At the completion of the heart's contraction, the pressure inside the chamber drops and is lower than beyond the valve, so the ball moves back against the base of the valve forming a seal. In 1952, Charles A. Hufnagel implanted caged-ball heart valves in ten patients (six survived the operation), marking the first long-term success in prosthetic heart valves. A similar valve was invented by Miles "Lowell" Edwards and Albert Starr in 1960 (commonly referred to as the Starr-Edwards Silastic Ball Valve). The first human implant was on Sept 21, 1960. It consisted of a silicone ball enclosed in a cage formed by wires originating from the valve housing. Caged ball valves have a high tendency to forming blood clots, so the patient must have a high degree of anti-coagulation, usually with a target INR of 2.5-3.5. Edwards Lifesciences discontinued production of the Starr-Edwards valve in 2007.

text: The first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball, which utilizes a metal cage to house a silicone elastomer ball. When blood pressure in the chamber of the heart exceeds that of the pressure on the outside of the chamber the ball is pushed against the cage and allows blood to flow. At the completion of the heart's contraction, the pressure inside the chamber drops and is lower than beyond the valve, so the ball moves back against the base of the valve forming a seal. In 1952,

text: Charles A. Hufnagel

text: implanted caged-ball heart valves in ten patients (six survived the operation), marking the first long-term success in prosthetic heart valves. A similar valve was invented by Miles "Lowell" Edwards and

text: Albert Starr

text: in 1960 (commonly referred to as the Starr-Edwards Silastic Ball Valve). The first human implant was on Sept 21, 1960. It consisted of a silicone ball enclosed in a cage formed by wires originating from the valve housing. Caged ball valves have a high tendency to forming blood clots, so the patient must have a high degree of anti-coagulation, usually with a target

text: INR

text: of 2.5-3.5.

text: Edwards Lifesciences

text: discontinued production of the Starr-Edwards valve in 2007.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: outside of the chamber

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clot

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high degree of anti-coagulation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the first artificial heart valve consist of?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the first artificial heart valve?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The caged-ball valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure in the chamber

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vena cava

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries have a high tendency to forming blood clots

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: When blood pressure in the chamber of the heart exceeds that of the pressure on the outside of the chamber

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium, the right ventricle, or the left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the ball move back against the base of the valve forming a seal?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: outside

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood clots,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: contraction,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood clots,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood clots,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: contraction,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: contraction,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: flow.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: 2.5-3.5.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: allows blood to flow.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cage

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: 2.5-3.5.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood to flow.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood to flow.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: flow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The first artificial heart valve was the caged-ball,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood clots,

text: The essential components of the human cardiovascular system are the heart, blood and blood vessels. It includes the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic circulation, a "loop" through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood. The systemic circulation can also be seen to function in two parts–a macrocirculation and a microcirculation. An average adult contains five to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, accounting for approximately 7% of their total body weight. Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Also, the digestive system works with the circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the heart pumping.

text: The essential components of the human cardiovascular system are the

text: heart

text: blood

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: s. It includes the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: , a "loop" through the

text: lung

text: s where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic circulation, a "loop" through the rest of the body to provide

text: oxygenate

text: d blood. The systemic circulation can also be seen to function in two parts–a macrocirculation and a

text: microcirculation

text: . An average adult contains five to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, accounting for approximately 7% of their total body weight. Blood consists of

text: plasma

text: red blood cells

text: white blood cells

text: , and

text: platelets

text: . Also, the

text: digestive system

text: works with the circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the

text: heart

text: pumping.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: macrocirculation

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: macrocirculation

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: macrocirculation or microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the human cardiovascular system: the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: macrocirculation or microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How many quarts of blood does an average adult contain?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: macrocirculation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: macrocirculation

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a macrocirculation and a microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The systemic circulation can also be seen to function in two parts

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: macrocirculation or microcirculation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, pulmonary circulation, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thicker walls than arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the digestive system work with the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: macrocirculation and a microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: 7% of their total body weight.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: white blood cells,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood is oxygenated;

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: macrocirculation and a microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: macrocirculation and a microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary circulation,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 7% of their total body weight.

text: Since 1 April 2001, the Hero DMC Heart Institute has provided care to patients with heart and blood vessel disease.

text: Since 1 April 2001, the Hero DMC Heart Institute has provided care to patients with heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a disease that the Hero DMC Heart Institute treats?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What would happen if the blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Since 1 April 2001,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Hero DMC Heart Institute

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Hero DMC Heart Institute

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Hero DMC Heart Institute

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Hero DMC Heart Institute

text: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors are found in the vessel walls of nearly all large arteries in the thorax and neck, but are particularly plentiful in the sinuses of the carotid arteries and in the arch of the aorta. These specialized receptors are sensitive to changes in mean arterial pressure. An increase in sensed pressure results in an increased rate of firing by the baroreceptors and a negative feedback response, lowering systemic arterial pressure. Aldosterone release causes sodium and water retention, which causes increased blood volume, and a subsequent increase in blood pressure, which is sensed by the baroreceptors.  To maintain normal homeostasis these receptors also detect low blood pressure or low blood volume, causing aldosterone to be released. This results in sodium retention in the kidney, leading to water retention and increased blood volume.

text: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors are found in the vessel walls of nearly all large arteries in the thorax and neck, but are particularly plentiful in the sinuses of the carotid arteries and in the arch of the aorta. These specialized receptors are sensitive to changes in mean arterial pressure. An increase in sensed pressure results in an increased rate of firing by the baroreceptors and a negative feedback response, lowering systemic arterial pressure. Aldosterone release causes sodium and water retention, which causes increased blood volume, and a subsequent increase in blood pressure, which is sensed by the baroreceptors.  To maintain normal homeostasis these receptors also detect low blood pressure or low blood volume, causing aldosterone to be released. This results in sodium retention in the kidney, leading to water retention and increased blood volume.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: thorax

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: large arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: low blood volume

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: aldosterone release

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a result of aldosterone release?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: large arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are found in the vessel walls of nearly all large arteries

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: carotid artery, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel: carotid arteries, aorta, or sinuses?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lowering systemic arterial pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: arterial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Aldosterone release

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood volume,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: large arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: carotid arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: lowering systemic arterial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lowering systemic arterial pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Pressure-sensitive baroreceptors

text: Zone 3 comprises the majority of the lungs in health. There is no external resistance to blood flow and blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle. Flow is determined by the Ppa-Ppv difference (Ppa - Ppv), which is constant down this portion of the lung. However, transmural pressure across the wall of the blood vessels increases down this zone due to gravity. consequently the vessels wall are more stretched so the caliber of the vessels increases causing an increase in flow due to lower resistance.

text: Zone 3 comprises the majority of the lungs in health. There is no external resistance to blood flow and blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle. Flow is determined by the Ppa-Ppv difference (Ppa - Ppv), which is constant down this portion of the lung. However, transmural pressure across the wall of the blood vessels increases down this zone due to gravity. consequently the vessels wall are more stretched so the caliber of the vessels increases causing an increase in flow due to lower resistance.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: Arteries, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for the increase in flow due to lower resistance?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: zone

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ppa

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Ppa

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there is no external resistance to blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: causing an increase in flow due to lower resistance

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: external resistance to blood flow and blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac cycle.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the vessels wall are more stretched

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lower resistance.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ppa-Ppv difference

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: There is no external resistance to blood flow

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: external resistance to blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Zone 3

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: stretched

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lower resistance.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Zone 3

text: Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator; it expands blood vessels, resulting in lowering of the blood pressure.  Alkyl nitrites are a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles. Physical effects include decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the blood vessel walls and the internal and external anal sphincter. There are no withdrawal symptoms. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypoventilation, shortness of breath, and fainting. The effects set in very quickly, typically within a few seconds and disappear within a few minutes.  Amyl nitrite may also intensify the experience of synesthesia.

text: Amyl nitrite, in common with other

text: alkyl nitrites

text: , is a potent

text: vasodilator

text: ; it expands

text: blood vessel

text: s, resulting in lowering of the

text: blood pressure

text: .  Alkyl nitrites are a source of

text: nitric oxide

text: , which signals for relaxation of the

text: involuntary muscles

text: . Physical effects include decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the

text: blood vessel

text: walls and the

text: internal

text: and

text: external anal sphincter

text: . There are no

text: withdrawal

text: symptoms.

text: Overdose

text: symptoms include

text: nausea

text: vomiting

text: hypotension

text: hypoventilation

text: shortness of breath

text: , and

text: fainting

text: . The effects set in very quickly, typically within a few seconds and disappear within a few minutes.  Amyl nitrite may also intensify the experience of

text: synesthesia

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: internal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: external

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: internal and external anal sphincter

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: hypotension

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Amyl nitrite

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: internal

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: anal sphincter

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which is not a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Amyl nitrite do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Amyl nitrite do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Vasodilators

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: there are no withdrawal symptoms

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: internal and external anal sphincter

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a source of nitric oxide: blood vessel walls or the internal and external anal sphincter?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the aorta, blood vessels, or the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypotension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Overdose

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Amyl nitrite,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: increased heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Amyl nitrite,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel walls and the internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Amyl nitrite,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: internal and external anal sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lowering of the blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Amyl nitrite,

text: Once the heart begins to beat, mechanical forces start acting upon the early vascular system, which rapidly expands and reorganizes to serve tissue metabolism.  In embryos devoid of blood flow, endothelial cells retain an undifferentiated morphology similar to angioblasts (compared to flattened epithelial cells found in mature vasculature).  Once the heart begins beating, the morphology and behaviour of endothelial cells change. By changing the heart rate, the heart can also control perfusion or pressure acting upon the system in order to trigger sprouting of new vessels. In turn, new vessel sprouting is balanced by the expansion of other embryo tissues, which compress blood vessels as they grow. The equilibrium of these forces plays a major role in vascular remodelling, but although the angiogenic mechanisms required to trigger the sprouting of new vessels have been studied, little is known about the remodelling processes required to curb the growth of unnecessary branches.

text: Once the heart begins to beat, mechanical forces start acting upon the early vascular system, which rapidly expands and reorganizes to serve tissue

text: metabolism

text: .  In embryos devoid of blood flow, endothelial cells retain an undifferentiated morphology similar to angioblasts (compared to flattened

text: epithelial cells

text: found in mature vasculature).  Once the heart begins beating, the morphology and behaviour of endothelial cells change. By changing the

text: heart rate

text: , the heart can also control perfusion or pressure acting upon the system in order to trigger sprouting of new vessels. In turn, new vessel sprouting is balanced by the expansion of other embryo tissues, which

text: compress

text: blood vessels as they grow. The

text: equilibrium

text: of these forces plays a major role in vascular remodelling, but although the angiogenic mechanisms required to trigger the sprouting of new vessels have been studied, little is known about the remodelling processes required to curb the growth of unnecessary branches.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: mature vasculature

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mature vasculature

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the early vascular system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angioblasts

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: angioblasts

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: In embryos devoid of blood flow, endothelial cells retain an undifferentiated morphology

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: By changing the heart rate, the heart can also control perfusion

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: expanding of other embryo tissues, which compress blood vessels as they grow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: branches.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vascular remodelling,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: embryo tissues,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart begins to beat, mechanical forces start acting upon the early vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: mature vasculature).

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: embryos

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: growth of unnecessary branches.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: mechanical forces start acting upon the early vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: compress blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: new vessel sprouting is balanced by the expansion of other embryo tissues,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: changing the heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angioblasts

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: In embryos devoid of blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: endothelial cells

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart begins to beat, mechanical forces start acting upon the early vascular system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: sprouting of new vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: endothelial cells retain an undifferentiated morphology

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: compress blood vessels as they grow.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vascular remodelling,

text: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic as it can increase physical endurance and lifespan. During aerobic training, the aim is to improve the blood flow to the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. This particular type of training targets large muscle groups so that as the intensity of physical activity is increased, overall fitness is improved. There are many benefits to aerobic training, and the outcomes can be very rewarding. Aerobic conditioning can increase the duration that one can endure physical activity. This type of conditioning can help with heart disease, diabetes, or anxiety. Aerobic conditioning also has many non-medical benefits, such as improving mood, alleviating fatigue and stabilizing sleeping patterns. This overall type of conditioning has the most longevity to its practice and can improve a person's health and general well being immensely.

text: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic as it can increase physical endurance and lifespan. During aerobic training, the aim is to improve the

text: blood flow

text: to the

text: lungs

text: heart

text: , and

text: blood vessels

text: . This particular type of training targets large muscle groups so that as the intensity of physical activity is increased, overall

text: fitness

text: is improved. There are many benefits to aerobic training, and the outcomes can be very rewarding. Aerobic conditioning can increase the duration that one can endure physical activity. This type of conditioning can help with

text: heart disease

text: diabetes

text: , or

text: anxiety

text: . Aerobic conditioning also has many non-medical benefits, such as improving

text: mood

text: , alleviating

text: fatigue

text: and stabilizing sleeping patterns. This overall type of conditioning has the most longevity to its practice and can improve a person's health and general well being immensely.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle groups

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a muscle group: lungs, heart, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of aerobic training?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does aerobic training improve blood flow?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aerobic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood flow to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flows through the heart in two ways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the lungs, heart, or blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: stabilizing sleeping patterns

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aerobic training, the aim is to improve the blood flow to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aerobic training, the aim is to improve the blood flow to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: diabetes,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aerobic training, the aim is to improve the blood flow to the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle groups

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: aerobic training, the aim is to improve the blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs, heart,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow to the lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood flow to the lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Aerobic conditioning has many advantages over anaerobic

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: aerobic training,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Aerobic conditioning

text: In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the left heart, via the pulmonary veins, and is pumped through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself.

text: In a normal

text: heart

text: oxygen

text: -depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the

text: right side of the heart

text: , through the pulmonary artery, to the

text: lung

text: s where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the

text: left heart

text: , via the

text: pulmonary veins

text: , and is pumped through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart

text: muscle

text: itself.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or pulmonary veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of dilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: oxygen-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery, to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: oxygen-depleted

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right side

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: pulmonary veins,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary veins, and is pumped through the aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: In a normal heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the left heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery,

text: Zaregarizi and his team have concluded that the acute time of falling asleep was where beneficial cardiovascular changes take place. This study has indicated that a large decline in blood pressure occurs during the daytime sleep-onset period only when sleep is expected; however, when subjects rest in a supine position, the same reduction in blood pressure is not observed. This blood pressure reduction may be associated with the lower coronary mortality rates seen in Mediterranean and Latin American populations where siestas are common. Zaregarizi assessed cardiovascular function (blood pressure, heart rate, and measurements of blood vessel dilation) while nine healthy volunteers, 34 years of age on average, spent an hour standing quietly; reclining at rest but not sleeping; or reclining to nap. All participants were restricted to 4 hours of sleep on the night prior to each of the sleep laboratory tests. During three daytime naps, he noted significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate. By contrast, the team did not observe changes in cardiovascular function while the participants were standing or reclining at rest.

text: Zaregarizi and his team have concluded that the acute time of falling asleep was where beneficial cardiovascular changes take place. This study has indicated that a large decline in blood pressure occurs during the daytime sleep-onset period only when sleep is expected; however, when subjects rest in a supine position, the same reduction in blood pressure is not observed. This blood pressure reduction may be associated with the lower coronary mortality rates seen in Mediterranean and Latin American populations where siestas are common. Zaregarizi assessed cardiovascular function (blood pressure, heart rate, and measurements of blood vessel dilation) while nine healthy volunteers, 34 years of age on average, spent an hour standing quietly; reclining at rest but not sleeping; or reclining to nap. All participants were restricted to 4 hours of sleep on the night prior to each of the sleep laboratory tests. During three daytime naps, he noted significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate. By contrast, the team did not observe changes in cardiovascular function while the participants were standing or reclining at rest.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel dilation

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary mortality

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: 34 years of age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood in the pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is blood vessel dilation?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does blood vessel dilation increase?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: the help of electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilatation

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: standing quietly

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel dilation

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary mortality

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (blood pressure, heart rate, and measurements of blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: naps, he noted significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilation)

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel dilation)

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilation)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary mortality rates

text: The X-ray images taken may either be still images, displayed on an image intensifier or film, or motion images.  For all structures except the heart, the images are usually taken using a technique called digital subtraction angiography or DSA. Images in this case are usually taken at 2 – 3 frames per second, which allows the interventional radiologist to evaluate the flow of the blood through a vessel or vessels.  This technique "subtracts" the bones and other organs so only the vessels filled with contrast agent can be seen.  The heart images are taken at 15–30 frames per second, not using a subtraction technique.  Because DSA requires the patient to remain motionless, it cannot be used on the heart.    Both these techniques enable the interventional radiologist or cardiologist to see stenosis (blockages or narrowings) inside the vessel which may be inhibiting the flow of blood and causing pain.

text: The

text: X-ray

text: images taken may either be still images, displayed on an

text: image intensifier

text: or film, or motion images.  For all structures except the heart, the images are usually taken using a technique called

text: digital subtraction angiography

text: or DSA. Images in this case are usually taken at 2 – 3 frames per second, which allows the

text: interventional radiologist

text: to evaluate the flow of the blood through a vessel or vessels.  This technique "subtracts" the bones and other organs so only the vessels filled with contrast agent can be seen.  The heart images are taken at 15–30 frames per second, not using a subtraction technique.  Because DSA requires the patient to remain motionless, it cannot be used on the heart.    Both these techniques enable the

text: interventional radiologist

text: or cardiologist to see

text: stenosis

text: (blockages or narrowings) inside the vessel which may be inhibiting the flow of blood and causing pain.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The heart images are taken at 15–30 frames per second, not using a subtraction technique

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of digital subtraction angiography?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: DSA

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bones and other organs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: DSA

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: the heart images are taken at 15–30 frames per second

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blockages or narrowings

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: DSA requires the patient to remain motionless

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blockages or narrowings

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vessels filled with contrast agent

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: stenosis (blockages or narrowings)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiologist

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 15–30 frames per second,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: a vessel or vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: bones

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 15–30 frames per second,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: digital subtraction angiography

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: stenosis

text: Inhaling nitrites relaxes smooth muscles throughout the body, including the sphincter muscles of the anus and the vagina. As of 1998, it was unclear if there is a direct effect on the brain. Smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels and when relaxed causes these vessels to dilate resulting in an immediate increase in heart rate and blood flow throughout the body, producing a sensation of heat and excitement that usually lasts for a couple of minutes. When these vessels dilate, a further result is an immediate decrease in blood pressure.

text: Inhaling nitrites relaxes

text: smooth muscle

text: s throughout the body, including the

text: sphincter

text: muscles of the

text: anus

text: and the

text: vagina

text: . As of 1998, it was unclear if there is a direct effect on the brain. Smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels and when relaxed causes these vessels to dilate resulting in an immediate increase in

text: heart rate

text: and blood flow throughout the body, producing a sensation of heat and excitement that usually lasts for a couple of minutes. When these vessels dilate, a further result is an immediate decrease in

text: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vagina

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: the body's

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: inhaling nitrites

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a muscle: the sphincter muscles of the anus or the vagina?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels and when relaxed causes these vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitrite

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: a further result is an immediate decrease in blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: anus and the vagina.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Inhaling nitrites

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood flow throughout the body,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: increase in heart rate

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood flow throughout the body,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: increase in heart rate and blood flow

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Smooth muscle surrounds the body's blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nitrites relaxes smooth muscles

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: dilate

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood flow throughout the body,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood flow throughout the body,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood flow throughout the body,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: sphincter muscles of the anus and the vagina.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: decrease in blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Inhaling nitrites

text: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

text: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: (4).

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How does the heart beat?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: a button

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a heart.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The human heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The human heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The human heart beats more than 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: 3.5 billion times

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 3.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

text: Similar to the atrium, the arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo vasoconstriction, and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called vasodilation bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the left ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body. With respect to thermoregulation, the American flamingo has highly vascularized feet that use a countercurrent exchange system in there legs and feet. This method of thermoregulation keeps a constant gradient between the veins and arteries that are in close proximity in order to maintain heat within the core and minimize heat loss or gain in the extremities. Heat loss is minimized while wading in cold water, while heat gain is minimized in the hot temperatures during rest and flight.

text: Similar to the atrium, the arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo

text: vasoconstriction

text: , and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called

text: vasodilation

text: bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the left ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body. With respect to thermoregulation, the American flamingo has highly

text: vascularized

text: feet that use a

text: countercurrent exchange

text: system in there legs and feet. This method of thermoregulation keeps a constant

text: gradient

text: between the veins and arteries that are in close proximity in order to maintain heat within the core and minimize heat loss or gain in the extremities. Heat loss is minimized while wading in cold water, while heat gain is minimized in the hot temperatures during rest and flight.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular constriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a pulmonary circulation: right atrium, left atrium, or left ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does blood move through the arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens to blood vessels when they undergo vasodilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillary beds

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is the opposite of vasoconstriction?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular constriction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ventricular constriction,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular constriction,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Oxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: thermoregulation,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: venules to the veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: ules to the veins

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right atrium, then the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium, then the left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: vasodilation bringing blood back to the heart.

text: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused because they normally are receiving more blood than the rest of tissues in the organism. In the case of skin cells, extra blood flow in them is used for thermoregulation of a body.  In addition to delivering oxygen, blood flow helps to dissipate heat in a physical body by redirecting warm blood closer to its surface where it can help to cool a body through sweating and thermal dissipation.

text: Heart

text: tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused because they normally are receiving more blood than the rest of tissues in the organism. In the case of skin cells, extra blood flow in them is used for

text: thermoregulation

text: of a body.  In addition to delivering

text: oxygen

text: , blood flow helps to

text: dissipate

text: heat in a physical body by redirecting warm blood closer to its surface where it can help to cool a body through

text: sweating

text: and

text: thermal dissipation

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of tissue: heart, skin, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skin cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not used to cool a body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: skin cells,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: more blood than the rest of tissues in the organism.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: tissues,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood flow helps to dissipate heat

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: overperfused

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: more blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: more blood than the rest of tissues in the organism.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart tissues,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Heart tissues, for example, are usually classified as being overperfused

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow helps to dissipate heat

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: overperfused

text: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.  A distinct balance between these systems is crucial for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.  An imbalance can be caused by hormone levels, lifestyle, environmental stressors, and injuries.

text: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.  A distinct balance between these systems is crucial for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.  An imbalance can be caused by

text: hormone

text: levels, lifestyle, environmental stressors, and injuries.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lifestyle, environmental stressors, and injuries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right, left, or both?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not part of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or autonomic nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: an imbalance

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hormone levels, lifestyle, environmental stressors, and injuries.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: autonomic nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: injuries.

text: Distal stressors have been linked to these health disparities among African Americans.  For example, one study showed that perceived prejudice was associated with irregular blood pressure throughout the day, which has been linked to long-term cardiovascular disease. Exposure to racial prejudice has also been linked to negative health behaviors, such as smoking and substance abuse, which are associated with poor cardiovascular health. Indeed, a recent meta analysis of 36 empirical studies revealed consistent effects of prejudice and discrimination on physical health (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes) among racial minorities.  That same review revealed that racial prejudice and discrimination were related to depressive symptoms and psychiatric distress in 110 empirical studies. Individual studies have shown that reports of discrimination are associated with lower reports of happiness and life satisfaction, higher psychiatric distress, and depressive symptoms. Thus, exposure to distal stressors has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes for African Americans.Poverty level affects mental health status. African Americans living below the poverty level, as compared to those over twice the poverty level, are 3 times more likely to report psychological distress.African Americans are 20% more likely to report having serious psychological distress than Non-Hispanic Whites.

text: Distal stressors have been linked to these health disparities among African Americans.  For example, one study showed that perceived prejudice was associated with irregular

text: blood pressure

text: throughout the day, which has been linked to long-term

text: cardiovascular disease

text: . Exposure to racial prejudice has also been linked to negative health behaviors, such as

text: smoking

text: and

text: substance abuse

text: , which are associated with poor cardiovascular health. Indeed, a recent meta analysis of 36 empirical studies revealed consistent effects of prejudice and discrimination on physical health (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes) among racial minorities.  That same review revealed that racial prejudice and discrimination were related to depressive symptoms and psychiatric distress in 110 empirical studies. Individual studies have shown that reports of discrimination are associated with lower reports of happiness and life satisfaction, higher psychiatric distress, and depressive symptoms. Thus, exposure to distal stressors has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes for African Americans.Poverty level affects mental health status. African Americans living below the poverty level, as compared to those over twice the poverty level, are 3 times more likely to report psychological distress.African Americans are 20% more likely to report having serious psychological distress than Non-Hispanic Whites.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: distal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smoking and substance abuse

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or diabetes?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a negative health behavior, such as smoking and substance abuse?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of irregular blood pressure throughout the day?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure throughout the day

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a distal stressor?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Distal

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Distal

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: African Americans living below the poverty level,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Distal

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Distal

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smoking and substance abuse,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Distal

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: African Americans living below the poverty level,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: irregular blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: irregular blood pressure

text: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow. The sympathetic neurons fire at different rates which determines the release of norepinephrine onto cardiovascular targets. Norepinephrine constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure. When baroreceptors are stretched (due to an increased blood pressure) their firing rate increases which in turn decreases the sympathetic outflow resulting in reduced norepinephrine and thus blood pressure. When the blood pressure is low, baroreceptor firing is reduced and this in turn results in augmented sympathetic outflow and increased norepinephrine release on the heart and blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

text: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow. The sympathetic neurons fire at different rates which determines the release of norepinephrine onto cardiovascular targets. Norepinephrine constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure. When baroreceptors are stretched (due to an increased blood pressure) their firing rate increases which in turn decreases the sympathetic outflow resulting in reduced norepinephrine and thus blood pressure. When the blood pressure is low, baroreceptor firing is reduced and this in turn results in augmented sympathetic outflow and increased norepinephrine release on the heart and blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: outflow

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: outflow

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic neurons

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is true of Norepinephrine?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Baroreceptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: constricted

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: norepinephrine constricts blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or both?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular targets.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: increased blood pressure)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sympathetic neurons

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Norepinephrine constricts blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Baroreceptor firing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Norepinephrine constricts blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: increase blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Baroreceptor firing has an inhibitory effect on sympathetic outflow.

text: Misharina proposes protein, carbohydrate-based and "medical" diets designed to prevent the onset of cancer and cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels and other organs in the human body.

text: Misharina proposes protein, carbohydrate-based and "medical" diets designed to prevent the onset of cancer and cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels and other organs in the human body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or cancer?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels and other organs in the human body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: protein,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: cardiovascular conditions

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiovascular conditions and improve the health of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cancer

text: Causes range from non-serious to potentially fatal. There are three broad categories of causes: heart or blood vessel related, reflex also known as neurally mediated, and orthostatic hypotension. Issues with the heart and blood vessels are the cause in about 10% and typically the most serious while neurally mediated is the most common. Heart related causes may include an abnormal heart rhythm, problems with the heart valves or heart muscle and blockages of blood vessels from a pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection among others. Neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and heart rate decreases inappropriately. This may occur from either a triggering event such as exposure to blood, pain, strong feelings or a specific activity such as urination, vomiting, or coughing. This type of syncope may also occur when an area in the neck known as the carotid sinus is pressed. The final type of syncope is due to a drop in blood pressure from standing up. This is often due to medications that a person is taking but may also be related to dehydration, significant bleeding or infection.

text: Causes range from non-serious to potentially fatal. There are three broad categories of causes:

text: heart

text: or

text: blood vessel

text: related,

text: reflex

text: also known as

text: neurally

text: mediated, and

text: orthostatic hypotension

text: . Issues with the heart and blood vessels are the cause in about 10% and typically the most serious while neurally mediated is the most common. Heart related causes may include an

text: abnormal heart rhythm

text: , problems with the

text: heart valve

text: s or heart muscle and blockages of blood vessels from a

text: pulmonary embolism

text: or

text: aortic dissection

text: among others. Neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and

text: heart rate decreases

text: inappropriately. This may occur from either a triggering event such as exposure to blood, pain, strong feelings or a specific activity such as

text: urination

text: vomiting

text: , or

text: coughing

text: . This type of syncope may also occur when an area in the neck known as the

text: carotid sinus

text: is pressed. The final type of syncope is due to a drop in blood pressure from standing up. This is often due to medications that a person is taking but may also be related to

text: dehydration

text: , significant bleeding or

text: infection

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart or blood vessel related

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: abnormal heart rhythm

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the most common type of syncope?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel related cause: heart or blood vessel related, reflex or neurally mediated, or orthostatic hypotension?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: carotid sinus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: abnormal heart rhythm

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart related

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: carotid sinus is pressed

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of syncope: heart or blood vessel related, reflex or neurally mediated?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel related cause?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: neurally mediated

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary embolism or aortic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: orthostatic hypotension.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary embolism or aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart or blood vessel related,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary embolism or aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart or blood vessel related,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary embolism

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: neurally mediated,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart valves or heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart or blood vessel related,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: carotid sinus is pressed.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: heart or blood vessel related,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: neurally mediated, and orthostatic hypotension.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic dissection

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: heart or blood vessel related,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Neurally mediated syncope

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: neurally mediated

text: Arizona Heart Institute is a cardiovascular medical center in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Arizona Heart was the country’s first freestanding outpatient clinic solely dedicated to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of heart and blood vessel disease.

text: Arizona Heart Institute is a

text: cardiovascular

text: medical center in

text: Phoenix, Arizona

text: United States

text: . Arizona Heart was the country’s first freestanding outpatient clinic solely dedicated to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of

text: heart

text: and

text: blood vessel

text: disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood in the pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Arizona Heart Institute specialize in?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does Arizona Heart Institute specialize in?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Arizona Heart Institute?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two ways.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does Arizona Heart help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Arizona Heart Institute is a cardiovascular medical center in Phoenix, Arizona,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Arizona Heart Institute is a cardiovascular medical center

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart and blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessel disease.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Arizona Heart Institute is a cardiovascular medical center

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: prevention, diagnosis and treatment of heart and blood vessel disease.

text: Heart Beats is the second studio album by Australian recording artist Dami Im, released on 14 October 2014 by Sony Music Australia. While Im's previous self-titled debut album consisted of cover songs she performed on The X Factor Australia, Heart Beats features a mixture of original ballads and up-tempo pop songs. Im worked on the album with many songwriters and producers, including Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo, Louis Schoorl, DNA Songs, Trinity and Hayley Warner.

text: Heart Beats is the second

text: studio album

text: by Australian recording artist

text: Dami Im

text: , released on 14 October 2014 by

text: Sony Music Australia

text: . While Im's previous

text: self-titled debut album

text: consisted of

text: cover songs

text: she performed on

text: The X Factor Australia

text: , Heart Beats features a mixture of original

text: ballads

text: and

text: up-tempo

text: pop

text: songs. Im worked on the album with many songwriters and producers, including

text: Robby De Sa

text: Jon Hume

text: Christian Lo Russo

text: Louis Schoorl

text: DNA Songs

text: , Trinity and

text: Hayley Warner

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Dami Im's album feature?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Dami Im?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Dami Im

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not used to transport blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: What is the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating or constricting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: heart beats

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ballads and up-tempo pop songs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Christian Lo Russo, Louis Schoorl,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Christian Lo Russo,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Christian Lo Russo,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ballads and up-tempo pop songs.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: X Factor Australia, Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: original ballads and up-tempo pop songs.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Christian Lo Russo,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: DNA Songs,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: original ballads and up-tempo pop songs.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Heart Beats

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart Beats

text: During open-heart surgery, the heart is temporarily stopped. Knowing that the heart controls the circulation of blood and oxygen in the human body, one may question how the body functions at this time. Patients undergoing an open-heart surgery are placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, meaning a machine will pump their blood and oxygen for them. A machine will never function the same as a normal heart, therefore, similar to many surgical procedures, the time on this machine is kept to a minimum.

text: During open-heart surgery, the heart is temporarily stopped. Knowing that the heart controls the circulation of blood and oxygen in the human body, one may question how the body functions at this time. Patients undergoing an open-heart surgery are placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, meaning a machine will pump their blood and oxygen for them. A machine will never function the same as a normal heart, therefore, similar to many surgical procedures, the time on this machine is kept to a minimum.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: open-heart surgery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heartless

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: During open-heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: open-heart surgery,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: open-heart surgery,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiopulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: During open-heart surgery,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: During open-heart surgery, the heart is temporarily stopped.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiopulmonary bypass,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood and oxygen

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: During open-heart surgery,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: During open-heart surgery,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen in the human body,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: open-heart surgery are placed on cardiopulmonary bypass,

text: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue, altering blood flow to the area.  Thus keeping the tissues warm is probably necessary to fight both infection and ischemia.  Some healthcare professionals use ‘radiant bandages’ to keep the area warm, and care must be taken during surgery to prevent hypothermia, which increases rates of post-surgical infection.

text: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue, altering blood flow to the area.  Thus keeping the tissues warm is probably necessary to fight both infection and ischemia.  Some healthcare professionals use ‘

text: radiant bandage

text: s’ to keep the area warm, and care must be taken during surgery to prevent

text: hypothermia

text: , which increases rates of post-surgical infection.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: constrict

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason to keep the tissues warm?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: in the left and in the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: keeping the tissues warm

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: infection and ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ischemia.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilate in warm tissue,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Blood vessels constrict in tissue that becomes cold and dilate in warm tissue,

text: A special but unusual consideration is cardiogenic shock, where the blood pressure is decreased not due to dehydration but due to inability of the heart to pump blood through the blood vessels. This situation requires ICU admission, monitoring of the central venous pressure (which requires the insertion of a central venous catheter in a large upper body vein), and the administration of medication that increases the heart pumping action and blood pressure.

text: A special but unusual consideration is

text: cardiogenic shock

text: , where the blood pressure is decreased not due to dehydration but due to inability of the heart to pump blood through the blood vessels. This situation requires ICU admission, monitoring of the

text: central venous pressure

text: (which requires the insertion of a

text: central venous catheter

text: in a large upper body vein), and the administration of

text: medication that increases the heart pumping action

text: and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiogenic shock

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiogenic shock

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart pumping action

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is required to increase the heart pumping action and blood pressure?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Why is blood pressure decreased not due to dehydration but due to inability of the heart to pump blood through the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medication

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: inability to pump blood through the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: upper body vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure is decreased not due to dehydration

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or central venous pressure?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: central venous

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: central venous pressure

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: heart to pump blood through the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood through the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: medication

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: upper body vein),

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart to pump blood through the blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: vein),

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiogenic shock,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: inability of the heart to pump blood through the blood vessels.

text: Birds have a very efficient system for diffusing oxygen into the blood; birds have a ten times greater surface area to gas exchange volume than mammals. As a result, birds have more blood in their capillaries per unit of volume of lung than a mammal. The arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo vasoconstriction, and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called vasodilation bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the right ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body.

text: Birds have a very efficient system for diffusing oxygen into the blood; birds have a ten times greater surface area to gas exchange volume than mammals. As a result, birds have more blood in their capillaries per unit of volume of lung than a mammal. The arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo

text: vasoconstriction

text: , and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called

text: vasodilation

text: bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the right ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs through the left atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left atrium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular constriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular constriction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which is not true about arteries?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a transport system: arteries, arterioles, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood travels through the venules to the veins

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries where gas exchange can occur

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Capillary beds

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: birds have more blood in their capillaries per unit of volume of lung than a mammal

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right atrium,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular constriction,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular constriction,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: right atrium, then the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right atrium, then the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Veins,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: become deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium, then the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: deoxygenated

text: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species; for example, in the common housecat, a rate of under 120 beats per minute is abnormal. Generally, smaller species have higher heart rates while larger species have lower rates...

text: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species; for example, in the common housecat, a rate of under 120 beats per minute is abnormal. Generally, smaller species have higher heart rates while larger species have lower rates...

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bradycardia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: higher heart rates

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood in the pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria contract first, followed by the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The walls of the veins are lined with fibrous tissue.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Blood vessels dilate to increase the flow of blood.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: referred to as arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The first is the left atrium and the second is the right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The atrioventricular valve (AAV) is a type of valve that prevents blood from flowing from a ventricle to an atrium.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins are able to carry more blood

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: preventing blood from clotting

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The leading cause of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: 120 beats

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: smaller species have higher heart rates

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Heart rates

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Heart rates

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 120 beats per minute

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart rates

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smaller species have higher heart rates

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: larger species have lower rates...

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: smaller species have higher heart rates

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: larger species have lower rates...

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Heart rates

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species;

text: The heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower ventricles, the discharging chambers. The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves, present in the atrioventricular septum. This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus. There is an ear-shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appendage, or auricle, and another in the upper left atrium, the left atrial appendage. The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart. Similarly, the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart. The ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum, visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus.

text: The heart has four chambers, two upper

text: atria

text: , the receiving chambers, and two lower

text: ventricles

text: , the discharging chambers. The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves, present in the

text: atrioventricular septum

text: . This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the

text: coronary sulcus

text: . There is an ear-shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appendage, or auricle, and another in the upper left atrium, the left atrial appendage. The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart. Similarly, the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart. The ventricles are separated from each other by the

text: interventricular septum

text: , visible on the surface of the heart as the

text: anterior longitudinal sulcus

text: and the

text: posterior interventricular sulcus

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: upper atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chamber: upper atria, left atrial appendage, or auricle?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many chambers does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How many chambers does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: right atrial appendage

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many chambers does the heart have?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: upper atria,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: upper atria,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: atrioventricular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary sulcus.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: atria,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary sulcus.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The heart has four chambers,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: two lower ventricles,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the right heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: atrioventricular valves,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atrioventricular valves,

text: Expression of versican is observed in various adult tissues such as blood vessels, skin, and developing heart.  Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, and the cells of central and peripheral nervous system are a few examples of cell types that express versican physiologically. Versican is involved in development, guiding embryonic cell migration important in the formation of the heart and outlining the path for neural crest cell migration.

text: Expression of versican is observed in various adult tissues such as blood vessels, skin, and developing heart.  Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, and the cells of central and peripheral nervous system are a few examples of cell types that express versican physiologically. Versican is involved in development, guiding embryonic cell migration important in the formation of the heart and outlining the path for neural crest cell migration.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: versican

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: neural crest

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell type that expresses versican?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, or the cells of central and peripheral nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of smooth muscle cells of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell type that expresses versican physiologically?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Versican

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels are a few examples of cell types that express versican physiologically

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell type that expresses versican?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, or central and peripheral nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, epithelial cells of skin, or the cells of central and peripheral nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral nervous system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: peripheral nervous system

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: central and peripheral nervous system

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart. Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: central and peripheral nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: central and peripheral nervous system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Expression of versican

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Expression of versican

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart. Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Expression of versican

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart. Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: versican

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Expression of versican

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels, skin, and developing heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: versican

text: By binding to ganglion type nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla, nicotine increases flow of adrenaline (epinephrine), a stimulating hormone and neurotransmitter. By binding to the receptors, it causes cell depolarization and an influx of calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium triggers the exocytosis of chromaffin granules and thus the release of epinephrine (and norepinephrine) into the bloodstream. The release of epinephrine (adrenaline) causes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration, as well as higher blood glucose levels.

text: By binding to

text: ganglion type nicotinic receptor

text: s in the adrenal medulla, nicotine increases flow of

text: adrenaline

text: (epinephrine), a stimulating

text: hormone

text: and neurotransmitter. By binding to the receptors, it causes cell depolarization and an influx of

text: calcium

text: through voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium triggers the

text: exocytosis

text: of

text: chromaffin granules

text: and thus the release of

text: epinephrine

text: (and norepinephrine) into the

text: bloodstream

text: . The release of

text: epinephrine

text: (adrenaline) causes an increase in

text: heart rate

text: blood pressure

text: and

text: respiration

text: , as well as higher

text: blood glucose

text: levels.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: adrenal medulla

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nicotine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ganglion

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the release of epinephrine cause?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does the release of epinephrine cause?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Calcium

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: voltage-gated calcium channels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ganglion

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Calcium triggers exocytosis of chromaffin granules

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of receptor: ganglion type nicotinic receptors or calcium channels?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or adrenal medulla?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cell depolarization

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: nicotine

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: respiration,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ganglion

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: respiration,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ganglion type nicotinic receptors

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood pressure and respiration,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: nicotine increases flow of adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: voltage-gated calcium channels.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: nicotinic receptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: chromaffin granules

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ganglion type nicotinic receptors

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: calcium channels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: By binding to ganglion type nicotinic receptors

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: nicotine increases flow of adrenaline

text: The heart can be affected by congenital diseases. These include failure of the developmental foramen ovale to close, present in up to 25% of people; ventricular or atrial septal defects, congenital diseases of the heart valves (e.g. congenital aortic stenosis) or disease relating to blood vessels or blood flow from the heart (such as a patent ductus arteriosus or aortic coarctation).; These may cause symptoms at a variety of ages. If unoxygenated blood travels directly from the right to the left side of the heart, it may be noticed at birth, as it may cause a baby to become blue (cyanotic) such as Tetralogy of Fallot. A heart problem may impact a child's ability to grow. Some causes rectify with time and are regarded as benign. Other causes may be incidentally detected on a cardiac examination. These disorders are often diagnosed on an echocardiogram.

text: The heart can be affected by congenital diseases. These include failure of the developmental

text: foramen ovale

text: to close, present in up to 25% of people;

text: ventricular

text: or

text: atrial septal defect

text: s, congenital diseases of the heart valves (e.g. congenital

text: aortic stenosis

text: ) or disease relating to blood vessels or blood flow from the heart (such as a

text: patent ductus arteriosus

text: or

text: aortic coarctation

text: ).; These may cause symptoms at a variety of ages. If unoxygenated blood travels directly from the right to the left side of the heart, it may be noticed at birth, as it may cause a baby to become blue (

text: cyanotic

text: ) such as

text: Tetralogy of Fallot

text: . A heart problem may impact a child's ability to grow. Some causes rectify with time and are regarded as benign. Other causes may be incidentally detected on a cardiac examination. These disorders are often diagnosed on an

text: echocardiogram

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital diseases

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular septal defect

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not an atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart contracts first, the ventricles or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart valve: aortic stenosis or aortic coarctation?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of unoxygenated blood traveling directly from the right to the left side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is a patent ductus arteriosus?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in an aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: congenital aortic stenosis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not caused by congenital diseases?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: congenital diseases of the heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is aortic stenosis?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How do blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic coarctation).;

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congenital aortic stenosis)

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left side of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: congenital aortic stenosis)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: congenital diseases.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular or atrial septal

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right to the left side of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricular or atrial septal defects,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: congenital diseases.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: unoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: patent ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: right to the left side of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: echocardiogram.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ductus arteriosus

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unoxygenated blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: right to the left side

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right to the left side of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic stenosis)

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The heart can be affected by congenital diseases.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow from the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: congenital diseases.

text: Secondhand tobacco smoke is the combination of both sidestream and mainstream smoke emissions. These emissions contain more than 50 carcinogenic chemicals. According to the Surgeon General's latest report on the subject, "Short exposures to secondhand [tobacco] smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels, decrease coronary flow velocity reserves, and reduce heart variability, potentially increasing the risk of a heart attack". The American Cancer Society lists "heart disease, lung infections, increased asthma attacks, middle ear infections, and low birth weight" as ramifications of smoker's emission.

text: Secondhand tobacco smoke is the combination of both sidestream and mainstream smoke emissions. These emissions contain more than 50 carcinogenic chemicals. According to the Surgeon General's latest report on the subject, "Short exposures to secondhand [tobacco] smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels, decrease coronary flow velocity reserves, and reduce heart variability, potentially increasing the risk of a heart attack". The American Cancer Society lists "heart disease, lung infections, increased asthma attacks, middle ear infections, and low birth weight" as ramifications of smoker's emission.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: sidestream

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: secondhand [tobaco] smoke

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sidestream

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: right atria, left atria, or right atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cardiac muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What can cause blood platelets to become stickier?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: secondhand tobacco smoke

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lining

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: damaged

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood platelets to become stickier

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: sidestream and mainstream

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack".

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Secondhand tobacco smoke

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack".

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Secondhand tobacco smoke

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: heart variability, potentially increasing the risk of a heart attack".

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary flow velocity reserves,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood platelets to become stickier,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary flow velocity reserves,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: vessels,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Secondhand tobacco smoke

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lining

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood platelets to become stickier,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary flow velocity reserves,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: heart attack".

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: heart variability,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: damage the lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Secondhand tobacco smoke

text: Arteries and veins are part of the human cardiovascular system. Normally, the arteries in the vascular system carry oxygen-rich blood, except in the case of the pulmonary artery. Structurally, arteries divide and sub-divide repeatedly, eventually forming a sponge-like capillary bed. Blood moves through the capillaries, giving up oxygen and taking up waste products, including , from the surrounding cells. Capillaries in turn successively join together to form veins that carry blood away. The heart acts to pump blood through arteries and uptake the venous blood.

text: Arteries and veins are part of the

text: human cardiovascular system

text: . Normally, the arteries in the vascular system carry oxygen-rich blood, except in the case of the pulmonary artery. Structurally, arteries divide and sub-divide repeatedly, eventually forming a sponge-like

text: capillary bed

text: . Blood moves through the

text: capillaries

text: , giving up oxygen and taking up waste products, including , from the surrounding cells. Capillaries in turn successively join together to form veins that carry blood away. The heart acts to pump blood through arteries and uptake the venous blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not part of the vascular system: arteries, veins, or capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: What does the heart act to pump blood through arteries and uptake the venous blood?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the case of the pulmonary artery?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What happens when blood vessels dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood moves through the capillaries, giving up oxygen and taking up waste products

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the human cardiovascular system?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: Arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What does the heart act to pump blood through arteries and uptake the venous blood?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: waste products,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: capillary bed.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: arteries divide and sub-divide repeatedly,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and uptake the venous blood.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen-rich blood, except in the case of the pulmonary artery.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary artery.

text: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation, described as the relaxation of blood vessels in response to light.This phenomenon of photorelaxation which although is reported for around sixty years was never described, pursued or explained; it was serendipitously rediscovered by Dr. Gautam Sikka and his mentor Dr. Dan Berkowitz  at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and along with his team he not only elucidated the mechanism but the group is also trying to harness light for treatment of cardiovascular disease.The research by Sikka et al. concluded that there are light sensing receptors, melanopsin receptors, are present in blood vessels and mediate wavelength specific, light-dependent vascular relaxation. This photorelaxation signal transduction involves cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and phosphodiesterase type 6, but not cGMP-dependent protein kinase or Protein Kinase G (PKG). Furthermore it is regulated by Beta adrenergic receptor kinase type 1 (βARK or BARK) also called G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), and involves vascular hyperpolarization and this receptor pathway could be targeted for wavelength-specific light-based therapy in the treatment of diseases that involve altered vasoreactivity.

text: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation, described as the relaxation of

text: blood vessel

text: s in response to light.This phenomenon of photorelaxation which although is reported for around sixty years was never described, pursued or explained; it was serendipitously rediscovered by Dr. Gautam Sikka and his mentor Dr. Dan Berkowitz  at

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: Baltimore

text: , and along with his team he not only elucidated the mechanism but the group is also trying to harness light for treatment of

text: cardiovascular disease

text: .The research by Sikka et al. concluded that there are light sensing receptors,

text: melanopsin

text: receptors, are present in blood vessels and mediate wavelength specific, light-dependent vascular relaxation. This photorelaxation signal transduction involves

text: cyclic guanosine monophosphate

text: (cGMP) and

text: phosphodiesterase

text: type 6, but not cGMP-dependent protein

text: kinase

text: or Protein Kinase G (PKG). Furthermore it is regulated by Beta adrenergic receptor kinase type 1 (βARK or BARK) also called G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), and involves vascular hyperpolarization and this receptor pathway could be targeted for wavelength-specific light-based therapy in the treatment of diseases that involve altered vasoreactivity.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: altered vasoreactivity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contraction: atria or ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is photorelaxation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cGMP

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: photorelaxation was never described, pursued or explained

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The aorta is a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: vascular

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.The

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Beta adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: 6,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Beta adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Beta adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.The

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: altered vasoreactivity.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Beta adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Beta adrenergic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Photorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Photorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: light.This

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: light.This

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: light.This

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Beta adrenergic receptor kinase type 1

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cyclic guanosine monophosphate

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: melanopsin receptors,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: melanopsin receptors,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: cGMP-dependent protein kinase

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: phosphodiesterase type 6,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Photorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Photorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: phosphodiesterase type 6,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Photorelaxation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Photorelaxation or Photo-vasorelaxation,

text: According to Ancient Greek physicians, vital heat was produced by the heart, maintained by the pneuma (air, breath, spirit or soul), and circulated throughout the body by blood vessels, which were thought to be intact tubes using blood to transmit heat. Aristotle supported this argument by showing that when the heart is made cold compared to other organs, the individual dies. He believed that the heat produced in the heart caused blood to react in a similar way to boiling, expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat. This extreme heat, according to him, can lead to a self-consuming flame if it is not cooled by air from the lungs.

text: According to

text: Ancient Greek

text: physicians, vital heat was produced by the

text: heart

text: , maintained by the

text: pneuma

text: (air, breath,

text: spirit

text: or

text: soul

text: ), and circulated throughout the body by blood vessels, which were thought to be intact tubes using blood to transmit heat.

text: Aristotle

text: supported this argument by showing that when the heart is made cold compared to other organs, the individual dies. He believed that the heat produced in the heart caused blood to react in a similar way to boiling, expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat. This extreme heat, according to him, can lead to a

text: self-consuming flame

text: if it is not cooled by air from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiac arrest

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: ventricles, atria, or pneuma?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels are intact tubes using blood to transmit heat

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: It expands out through the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, lung, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: beat.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: (air, breath, spirit or soul),

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: beat.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: beat.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pneuma

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: intact tubes

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: intact tubes

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Aristotle

text: To compensate for the loss of hemoglobin, they have larger blood vessels (including capillaries), greater blood volumes (four times that of other fish), bigger hearts, and greater cardiac outputs (fivefold greater) compared to other fish. Their hearts lack coronary arteries, and the ventricle muscles are very spongy, enabling them to absorb oxygen directly from the blood they pump. Their hearts, large blood vessels and low-viscosity (RBC free) blood are specialized to carry out very high flow rates at low pressures. This helps to reduce the problems caused by the lack of hemoglobin. In the past, their scaleless skin had been widely thought to help absorb oxygen. However, current analysis has shown that the amount of oxygen absorbed by the skin is much less than that absorbed through the gills. The little extra oxygen absorbed by the skin may play a part in supplementing the oxygen supply to the heart which receives venous blood from the skin and body before pumping it to the gills.

text: To compensate for the loss of hemoglobin, they have larger blood vessels (including

text: capillaries

text: ), greater blood volumes (four times that of other fish), bigger hearts, and greater cardiac outputs (fivefold greater) compared to other fish. Their hearts lack

text: coronary arteries

text: , and the ventricle muscles are very spongy, enabling them to absorb oxygen directly from the blood they pump. Their hearts, large blood vessels and low-viscosity (RBC free) blood are specialized to carry out very high flow rates at low pressures. This helps to reduce the problems caused by the lack of hemoglobin. In the past, their scaleless skin had been widely thought to help absorb oxygen. However, current analysis has shown that the amount of oxygen absorbed by the skin is much less than that absorbed through the gills. The little extra oxygen absorbed by the skin may play a part in supplementing the oxygen supply to the heart which receives venous blood from the skin and body before pumping it to the gills.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: gills

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary arteries, or the ventricle muscles?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: the ventricles, large blood vessels or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the ventricles?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the lack of coronary arteries mean?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What helps to reduce the problems caused by the lack of hemoglobin?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: RBCs

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: scaleless skin had been widely thought to help absorb oxygen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What helps to reduce the problems caused by the lack of hemoglobin?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: what is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hearts lack coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: skin and body

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: gills.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries),

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: fish.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the ventricle muscles are very spongy,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ventricle muscles are very spongy,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: larger blood vessels (including capillaries), greater blood volumes

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: gills.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: gills.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: capillaries),

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: ventricle muscles are very spongy,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: larger blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: pumping it to the gills.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Their hearts lack coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: fish. Their hearts lack coronary arteries,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: larger blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fish. Their hearts lack coronary arteries,

text: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of biomedical research, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis. A trend has emerged, particularly in the early 2000s, in which numerous studies have revealed a link between fast food and an increase in heart disease. These studies include those conducted by the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health. Many major fast food chains, particularly McDonald's, have protested the methods used in these studies and have responded with healthier menu options.

text: The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by

text: Jerry Morris

text: using occupational health data and were published in 1958. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of

text: biomedical research

text: , with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis. A trend has emerged, particularly in the early 2000s, in which numerous studies have revealed a link between fast food and an increase in heart disease. These studies include those conducted by the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health. Many major fast food chains, particularly McDonald's, have protested the methods used in these studies and have responded with healthier menu options.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fast food

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiomyocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries are not active fields of biomedical research

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: dilating

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Cardiovascular Health.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: fast food

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Cardiovascular Health.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fast food

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Cardiovascular Health.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: fast food and an increase in heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: fast food and an increase in heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: fast food and an increase in heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: fast food and an increase in heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The first studies on cardiovascular health

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: fast food and an increase in heart disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: 1958.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fast food

text: Often expressed in cm/s. This value is inversely related to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessel and also differs per cross-section, because in normal condition the blood flow has laminar characteristics. For this reason the blood flow velocity is the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall. In most cases the mean velocity is used. There are many ways to measure blood flow velocity, like videocapillary microscoping with frame-to-frame analysis, or laser Doppler anemometry.Blood velocities in arteries are higher during systole than during diastole. One parameter to quantify this difference is the pulsatility index (PI), which is equal to the difference between the peak systolic velocity and the minimum diastolic velocity divided by the mean velocity during the cardiac cycle. This value decreases with distance from the heart.

text: Often expressed in cm/s. This value is inversely related to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessel and also differs per cross-section, because in normal condition the blood flow has

text: laminar characteristics

text: . For this reason the blood flow velocity is the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall. In most cases the mean velocity is used. There are many ways to measure blood flow velocity, like videocapillary microscoping with frame-to-frame analysis, or

text: laser Doppler anemometry

text: .Blood velocities in

text: arteries

text: are higher during

text: systole

text: than during

text: diastole

text: . One parameter to quantify this difference is the pulsatility index (PI), which is equal to the difference between the peak systolic velocity and the minimum diastolic velocity divided by the mean velocity during the

text: cardiac cycle

text: . This value decreases with distance from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: diastolic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: distance from the heart

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why is blood flow velocity the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood do arteries carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: blood flow velocity is the fastest in the middle of the vessel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Vascular wall

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: in normal condition the blood flow has laminar characteristics

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood flow has laminar characteristics

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: This value decreases with distance from the heart

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The blood flow velocity is the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: During systole than during diastole

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: blood flow velocity

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: anemometry.Blood velocities in arteries

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: distance from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulsatility

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: anemometry.Blood velocities in arteries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: anemometry.Blood velocities in arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: anemometry.Blood velocities in arteries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: diastole.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulsatility index

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Often expressed in cm/s.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: the fastest in the middle of the vessel and slowest at the vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vessel wall.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: pulsatility index

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulsatility index

text: Capillaries ( in US;  in UK) are the smallest of a body's blood vessels (and lymph vessels) that make up the  microcirculation. Their endothelial linings are only one cell layer thick. These microvessels, measuring around 5 to 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter, connect arterioles and venules, and they help to enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste substances between the blood and the tissues surrounding them. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymph collected in the microcirculation.

text: Capillaries ( in

text: US

text: ;  in

text: UK

text: ) are the smallest of a body's

text: blood vessel

text: s (and

text: lymph vessel

text: s) that make up the

text: microcirculation

text: . Their

text: endothelial linings

text: are only one cell layer thick. These microvessels, measuring around 5 to 10

text: micrometre

text: s (µm) in diameter, connect

text: arteriole

text: s and

text: venule

text: s, and they help to enable the exchange of water,

text: oxygen

text: carbon dioxide

text: , and many other

text: nutrients

text: and waste substances between the

text: blood

text: and the

text: tissue

text: s surrounding them.

text: Lymph capillaries

text: connect with larger lymph vessels to drain

text: lymph

text: collected in the microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: capillaries, arterioles, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: capillaries, arterioles, or venules?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: venule

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: They connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymph collected in the microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arterioles and venules

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to drain lymph collected in the microcirculation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: microcirculation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: venules,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arterioles and venules,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: waste substances

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lymph capillaries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles and venules,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: lymph vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: smallest of a body's blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arterioles and venules,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Capillaries

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Capillaries

text: DATS can be metabolized by glutathione in red blood cells to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This conversion occurs at a consistent rate over a prolonged period of time, rendering DATS a good source of H2S.  H2S is a cardioprotective agent that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects,. A major topic of research is the impact of hydrogen sulfide on reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Reperfusion injury is a significant threat to myocardial function that arises with the reintroduction of blood flow to the heart following an ischemic episode. Reperfusion triggers an inflammatory response and often results in oxidative damage. H2S decreases injury through many different effects such a decrease in oxidative stress, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and increased eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activation. eNOS is activated via phosphorylation by H2S through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which increases the formation and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This negatively impacts mitochondria functionality. The mitochondria has been known to protect the heart from ischemic-reperfusion injury through the opening of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel,. This causes vasodilation and improves hemodynamics.

text: DATS can be metabolized by

text: glutathione

text: in red blood cells to form

text: hydrogen sulfide

text: (H2S). This conversion occurs at a consistent rate over a prolonged period of time, rendering DATS a good source of H2S.  H2S is a cardioprotective agent that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects,. A major topic of research is the impact of hydrogen sulfide on reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Reperfusion injury is a significant threat to myocardial function that arises with the reintroduction of blood flow to the heart following an

text: ischemic episode

text: . Reperfusion triggers an inflammatory response and often results in oxidative damage. H2S decreases injury through many different effects such a decrease in oxidative stress, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and increased eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activation. eNOS is activated via phosphorylation by H2S through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which increases the formation and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This negatively impacts mitochondria functionality. The mitochondria has been known to protect the heart from ischemic-reperfusion injury through the opening of the

text: ATP-sensitive K+ channel

text: ,. This causes vasodilation and improves

text: hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for veins to have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arteries, veins, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the benefit of vasodilation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: endothelium

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Endothelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: endothelial

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is a cardioprotective agent that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: (endothelial

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemia-reperfusion

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: (endothelial

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: anti-inflammatory,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (endothelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: hydrogen sulfide

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: DATS can be metabolized by glutathione

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: hydrogen sulfide

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: (endothelial

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: DATS can be metabolized by glutathione

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: ischemic episode.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: DATS can be metabolized by glutathione

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: DATS can be metabolized by glutathione

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: DATS

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: DATS

text: Darker than the lumber room of the Freudian mind,Deeper than the deepest thunder...Yet, sweeter than the cooing nightingale is a sound...Ever heard of it?Yes, it’s the sound of the soil.You think only you can talk?  Think again... Silent voices... voices of the raindrops nestling on the leaves of the Amazonian rain forest, the endless babble of a breathless river, the murmur of the broken wind... sand, water, breeze, the voice is all over, all around. Put your ears close to the earth... you’ll hear the soil’s heart beat in all... The sound of the soil is the quintessence of existence... "Nada"... "Nada Brahmam"... the ‘Param Braham’. The soil is who you’re. It is from where you came, and it is where we will go.But only a few chosen can hear this sound.The evening of 16 September is an echo of that voice. It’s an evening where distance, time loose sense. An evening of enchantment devoted to that one rhythm... the rhythm of the heart and soul. The rhythm of the ragas of the musician, the bells of the dancer, the words of the poet...The evening begins with an invocation of that ‘Sound of the soil’... The light of the lamp, the holy stotras and mantras, the mudras of the dancer shall evoke the Goddess of the Soil from whom we’re born. The journey moves on with the magic of music... the north and the south, Hindusthani and Carnatic coming close to each other to show it’s the same soil we’re born from and divisions are but man-made. The mystic Sufi nostalgia of Baul & Fakirs singers will tell the story of the elements of the soil... as will the clashing of the swords of Kalaripayattu speak of the vigour and strength with which Mother Earth holds us all. The giddy strains of Manipur Khol players in between and the heady beats of Dhak at the end of the show will make us realize how different yet how similar can the 	understanding of the same soil be, and the words of the poet shall thread all these strains together showing the eternal quality of this voice... The Sound of the soil... one which connects the hearts beyond distance.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: The Sound of the Soil

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: the left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The sound of the soil is the quintessence of existence

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the sound of the soil?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the sound of the soil?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Blood in an atrium always flows next

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Manipur Khol

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: only you can talk

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The sound of the soil is the quintessence of existence

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: adiposity

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Manipur Khol players in between and the heady beats

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Kalaripayattu

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: man-made.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Baul & Fakirs singers

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: music...

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: you can talk?

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: poet...The

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Hindusthani and Carnatic

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the rhythm of the heart and soul.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: man-made.

text: The body cavity is known as a "pseudocoel", or haemocoel. Unlike a true coelom, a pseudocoel is not fully enclosed by a cell layer derived from the embryonic mesoderm. A coelom is, however, formed around the gonads and the waste-eliminating nephridia. As the name haemocoel suggests, the body cavity is filled with a blood-like liquid in which all the organs are embedded; in this way, they can be easily supplied with nutrients circulating in the blood. This liquid is colourless as it does not contain pigments; for this reason, it only serves a limited role in oxygen transport. Two different types of blood cells (or haemocytes) circulate in the fluid: amoebocytes and nephrocytes. The amoebocytes probably function in protection from bacteria and other foreign bodies; in some species, they also play a role in reproduction. Nephrocytes absorb toxins or convert them into a form suitable for elimination by the nephridia. The haemocoel is divided by a horizontal partition, the diaphragm, into two parts: the pericardial sinus along the back and the perivisceral sinus along the belly. The former encloses the tube-like heart, and the latter, the other organs. The diaphragm is perforated in many places, enabling the exchange of fluids between the two cavities. The heart itself is a tube of annular muscles consisting of epithelial tissues, with two lateral openings (ostia) per segment. While it is not known whether the rear end is open or closed, from the front, it opens directly into the body cavity. Since there are no blood vessels, apart from the fine vessels running between the muscle layers of the body wall and a pair of arteries that supply the antennae, this is referred to as an open circulation. The timing of the pumping procedure can be divided into two parts: diastole and systole. During diastole, blood flows through the ostia from the pericardial sinus (the cavity containing the heart) into the heart. When the systole begins, the ostia close and the heart muscles contract inwards, reducing the volume of the heart. This pumps the blood from the front end of the heart into the perivisceral sinus containing the organs. In this way, the various organs are supplied with nutrients before the blood finally returns to the pericardial sinus via the perforations in the diaphragm. In addition to the pumping action of the heart, body movements also have an influence on circulation.

text: The body cavity is known as a "pseudocoel", or

text: haemocoel

text: . Unlike a true

text: coelom

text: , a pseudocoel is not fully enclosed by a cell layer derived from the embryonic

text: mesoderm

text: . A coelom is, however, formed around the

text: gonad

text: s and the waste-eliminating

text: nephridia

text: . As the name haemocoel suggests, the body cavity is filled with a

text: blood

text: -like liquid in which all the organs are embedded; in this way, they can be easily supplied with

text: nutrient

text: s circulating in the blood. This liquid is colourless as it does not contain

text: pigment

text: s; for this reason, it only serves a limited role in

text: oxygen

text: transport. Two different types of blood cells (or haemocytes) circulate in the fluid:

text: amoebocyte

text: s and nephrocytes. The amoebocytes probably function in protection from

text: bacteria

text: and other foreign bodies; in some species, they also play a role in

text: reproduction

text: . Nephrocytes absorb

text: toxin

text: s or convert them into a form suitable for

text: elimination

text: by the nephridia. The haemocoel is divided by a horizontal partition, the diaphragm, into two parts: the

text: pericardial sinus

text: along the back and the perivisceral sinus along the belly. The former encloses the tube-like heart, and the latter, the other organs. The diaphragm is perforated in many places, enabling the exchange of fluids between the two cavities. The heart itself is a tube of annular muscles consisting of

text: epithelial

text: tissues, with two lateral openings (

text: ostia

text: ) per segment. While it is not known whether the rear end is open or closed, from the front, it opens directly into the body cavity. Since there are no blood vessels, apart from the fine vessels running between the muscle layers of the body wall and a pair of arteries that supply the antennae, this is referred to as an

text: open circulation

text: . The timing of the pumping procedure can be divided into two parts:

text: diastole

text: and

text: systole

text: . During diastole, blood flows through the ostia from the pericardial sinus (the cavity containing the heart) into the heart. When the systole begins, the ostia close and the heart muscles contract inwards, reducing the volume of the heart. This pumps the blood from the front end of the heart into the perivisceral sinus containing the organs. In this way, the various organs are supplied with nutrients before the blood finally returns to the pericardial sinus via the perforations in the diaphragm. In addition to the pumping action of the heart, body movements also have an influence on circulation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: fine vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: perivisceral sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: pericardial sinus

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: dias

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pericardial sinus

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: fine vessels

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The timing of the pumping procedure can be divided into two parts:

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the body cavity contain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: epithelial

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: fine vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pericardial sinus

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fine vessels running between the muscle layers of the body wall and a pair of arteries that supply the antennae

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: fine vessels running between the muscle layers of the body wall and a pair of arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood cells: amoebocytes and nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the name of the large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: open circulation.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: perivisceral sinus

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: diastole and sys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: perivisceral

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pericardial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: open circulation.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: perivisceral sinus

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: epithelial

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries that supply the antennae,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: open circulation.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pericardial sinus

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: diastole and sy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: amoebocytes and nephrocytes.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: diastole

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: tube-like heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: no blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: open circulation.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: diasto

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Nephrocytes

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The timing of the pumping procedure can be divided

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: diastole

text: The Heart, arteries and veins (a network of tubes to carry blood) constitutes the cardiovascular system or circulatory system of our body which transports the blood throughout the body. The heart can be thought of as a muscular pump, consisting of four chambers, and pulsatile muscles which pumps and circulates the blood through the vasculature.  Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins make up the vasculature. The cardiovascular system circulates about 5 litres of blood at a rate of approximately 6 l/m. The pulmonary and the systemic circulations are the two parts of the vasculature. The pulmonary circulation system consists of the network of blood vessels from the right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart . The rest of the blood flow loop is called systemic circulation system. The pulmonary and systemic circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and capillaries. After capillaries, the blood enters the venules before joining smaller veins first and then larger veins before reaching the right heart. Thus completing the cycle of blood going to heart and then coming from it and going to all parts of the body.The tricuspid valve, right heart (right ventricle), pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart are the elements of the Pulmonary Circulation System. The process of gas exchange, that is, exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen in the lungs, is the main function of the pulmonary system . The de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs where the capillaries surrounding the alveole sacks exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. The red blood cells and the hemoglobin present in the blood, which is the main carrier of oxygen in the blood are responsible for this exchange of gases, before they are carried to the left ventricle of the heart. The systemic circulation is responsible for taking the oxygenated blood to various organs and tissues via the arterial tree before taking the deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle using the venous system (network of veins). Arteries carry the oxygenated blood while the veins carry the deoxygenated blood.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: pulmonary circulation system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulsatile

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the pulmonary circulation system: pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not part of the pulmonary circulation system: pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does hemoglobin carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the main function of the pulmonary system?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing devices

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries surrounding the alveole sacks exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right heart to the lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: tricuspid valve,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: pulsatile muscles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: smaller veins first and then larger veins before reaching the right heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: smaller veins first and then larger veins before reaching the right heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: large arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Arteries,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: smaller veins first and then larger veins before reaching the right heart.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: smaller veins first and then larger veins

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: pulmonary valve,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: right heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: smaller veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,

text: Marko Turina was born in Zagreb. He was a great student, but because Communist Party of Yugoslavia declared him a bourgeois he had no future in SFR Yugoslavia. At first Communists sent him to Banja Luka to serve in the Army. His wish to attend Belgrade Academy for Medical Officers was denied. After that he decided to leave Yugoslavia. He was considered as political emigrant because of his anti-Communist attitudes. He went to Switzerland where he found a job at University hospital of Zürich in 1964 under Ake Senning. In 1985 he became chef of Center for Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases. He was retired in 2004, despite his ambitions to continue his career. His retirement came shortly after the death of a patient he and his team operated on, the patient was transplanted a heart of non-compatible blood type. He is still active, he teaches about cardiac surgery around the World.

text: Marko Turina was born in

text: Zagreb

text: . He was a great student, but because

text: Communist Party of Yugoslavia

text: declared him a bourgeois he had no future in

entity_name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

text: SFR Yugoslavia

text: . At first Communists sent him to

text: Banja Luka

text: to serve in the Army. His wish to attend Belgrade Academy for Medical Officers was denied. After that he decided to leave Yugoslavia. He was considered as political emigrant because of his anti-Communist attitudes. He went to

text: Switzerland

text: where he found a job at University hospital of Zürich in 1964 under Ake Senning. In 1985 he became chef of Center for Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases. He was retired in 2004, despite his ambitions to continue his career. His retirement came shortly after the death of a patient he and his team operated on, the patient was transplanted a heart of non-compatible blood type. He is still active, he teaches about cardiac surgery around the World.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: non-compatible blood type

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which happened first, the atria contract or the ventricles contract?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which happened first, Marko Turina decided to leave Yugoslavia or Communists sent him to Banja Luka to serve in the Army?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Marko Turina have?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Marko Turina?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ake Senning

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which happened first, Marko Turina was sent to Banja Luka to serve in the Army

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does a valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true of Marko Turina?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Heart and Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood Vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: non-compatible blood type.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Blood Vessels Diseases.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Blood Vessels Diseases.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Marko Turina

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases.

text: Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle myocardium known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein and the anterior cardiac veins.

text: Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the

text: blood vessel

text: s of the

text: heart

text: muscle

text: myocardium

text: known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the

text: great cardiac vein

text: , the

text: middle cardiac vein

text: , the

text: small cardiac vein

text: and the

text: anterior cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries, cardiac veins or pulmonary circulation?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries, cardiac veins or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of cardiac veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: coronary arteries or cardiac veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not true of coronary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great cardiac vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle myocardium

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve: coronary arteries or cardiac veins?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: the right atrium and right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis is by dilating or constricting?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiac veins.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiac veins.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: great cardiac vein,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Coronary circulation

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Coronary circulation

text: The subfornical organ's impact on the cardiovascular system is again mostly seen through fluid balance. The SFO plays a role in vasopressin regulation. Vasopressin (ADH) is a hormone that, when bonded to receptors in the kidneys, increases water retention in the cardiovascular system by decreasing the amount of fluid transferred out of the blood to the urine by the kidneys. This regulation of blood volume has effects on other aspects of the cardiovascular system. Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on blood pressure, which is regulated by baroreceptors, and can in turn affect the strength of ventricular contraction in the heart, although heart rate is generally not affected by blood volume. Additional research has demonstrated that the subfornical organs may be an important intermediary through which leptin acts to maintain blood pressure within normal physiological limits via descending autonomic pathways associated with cardiovascular control.

text: The subfornical organ's impact on the

text: cardiovascular system

text: is again mostly seen through

text: fluid balance

text: . The SFO plays a role in

text: vasopressin

text: regulation. Vasopressin (ADH) is a

text: hormone

text: that, when bonded to receptors in the

text: kidneys

text: , increases water retention in the cardiovascular system by decreasing the amount of fluid transferred out of the

text: blood

text: to the

text: urine

text: by the kidneys. This regulation of

text: blood volume

text: has effects on other aspects of the cardiovascular system. Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on

text: blood pressure

text: , which is regulated by

text: baroreceptors

text: , and can in turn affect the strength of ventricular contraction in the

text: heart

text: , although

text: heart rate

text: is generally not affected by blood volume. Additional research has demonstrated that the subfornical organs may be an important intermediary through which

text: leptin

text: acts to maintain blood pressure within normal physiological limits via descending

text: autonomic

text: pathways associated with cardiovascular control.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood volume

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the SFO play a role in?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How is blood volume regulated?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ADH

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: subfornical organs

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: SFO

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: heart rate is generally not affected by blood volume

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How many ways does blood flow through the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the cardiovascular system: right atrium, right ventricle, or subfornical organ?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, kidney, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Vasopressin (ADH)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: subfornical organ's

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: fluid balance.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: baroreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: heart rate

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: subfornical organ's

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: baroreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: baroreceptors,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: SFO

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: fluid transferred out of the blood to the urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: descending autonomic pathways

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventricular contraction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The subfornical organ's impact on the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Increased or decreased blood volume has an effect on blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fluid balance.

text: Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart.

text: Veins are

text: blood vessels

text: that carry

text: blood

text: toward the

text: heart

text: . Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the

text: pulmonary

text: and

text: umbilical vein

text: s, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins,

text: arteries

text: carry blood away from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischemia

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following does not carry oxygenated blood to the heart: pulmonary or umbilical?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: veins, atria, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: veins or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the difference between veins and arteries?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood from the veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: veins carry blood away from the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Veins and arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the opposite of veins?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart;

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: pulmonary and umbilical veins,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: arteries carry blood away from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Veins

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart;

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: arteries

text: Ventricular aneurysms are one of the many complications that may occur after a heart attack. The word aneurysm refers to a bulge or ‘pocketing’ of the wall or lining of a vessel commonly occurring in the blood vessels at the base of the septum, or within the aorta. In the heart, they usually arise from a patch of weakened tissue in a ventricular wall, which swells into a bubble filled with blood. This, in turn, may block the passageways leading out of the heart, leading to severely constricted blood flow to the body. Ventricular aneurysms can be fatal. They are usually non-rupturing because they are lined by scar tissue.

text: Ventricular aneurysms are one of the many complications that may occur after a

text: heart attack

text: . The word aneurysm refers to a bulge or ‘pocketing’ of the wall or lining of a vessel commonly occurring in the blood vessels at the base of the septum, or within the aorta. In the heart, they usually arise from a patch of weakened tissue in a

text: ventricular wall

text: , which swells into a bubble filled with blood. This, in turn, may block the passageways leading out of the heart, leading to severely constricted blood flow to the body. Ventricular aneurysms can be fatal. They are usually non-rupturing because they are lined by scar tissue.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Ventricular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular wall

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aneurysm: Ventricular, aorta, or septum?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not lined by scar tissue: aorta, septum, or ventricular wall?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does the word aneurysm refer to?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aneurysm: aneurysms, aorta, or ventricular wall?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: In the heart, they usually arise from a patch of weakened tissue in a ventricular wall

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: the base of the septum, or within the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one of the many complications that may occur after a heart attack?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Ventricular aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: body.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weakened tissue

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Ventricular aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: weakened tissue in a ventricular wall,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Ventricular aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricular wall,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Ventricular aneurysms

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: scar tissue.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: non-rupturing

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: passageways leading out of the heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: ventricular wall,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: scar tissue.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constricted blood flow

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Ventricular aneurysms

text: Other side effects can include alterations in the structure of the heart, such as enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle, which impairs its contraction and relaxation. Possible effects of these alterations in the heart are hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, heart attacks, and sudden cardiac death. These changes are also seen in non-drug using athletes, but steroid use may accelerate this process. However, both the connection between changes in the structure of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac function, as well as the connection to steroid use have been disputed.

text: Other side effects can include alterations in the structure of the

text: heart

text: , such as

text: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle

text: , which impairs its contraction and

text: relaxation

text: . Possible effects of these alterations in the heart are hypertension,

text: cardiac arrhythmia

text: s,

text: congestive heart failure

text: heart attacks

text: , and

text: sudden cardiac death

text: . These changes are also seen in non-drug using

text: athletes

text: , but steroid use may accelerate this process. However, both the connection between changes in the structure of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac function, as well as the connection to steroid use have been disputed.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: steroid use

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a side effect of alterations in the structure of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a side effect of alterations in the structure of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: cardiac arrhythmias

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congestive heart failure,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attacks, and sudden cardiac death.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: steroid use

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: contraction and relaxation.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: steroid use

text: A lethal dose of NRB to rats causes behavioural changes which look a lot like the signs associated to cyanide toxicity. The first indications of the NRB toxicity present themselves about ten minutes after administration. At first the rats start showing signs of increased motor activity and incoordination. Subsequently, the rats' hind extremities weaken and become ashen. Their breathing begins to be laboured and within a short period of time the rats suffer from series of convulsive movements.  The spasm is followed by death, which occurs within 30 minutes in albino laboratory rats and with two hours in wild animals.After examining isolated rat hearts in Langendorff preparations, a frequent in vitro technique, NRB also turned out to cause severe species-selective toxic effects on rat heart.  2-10 µg NRB had been injected into the coronary vessel which resulted in a reduction of blood flow, attended with decreased cardiac contraction and a decreased heart rate. The rat hearts started beating quite irregularly. These irreversible effects weren't marked in the heart muscle (myocardium) as perhaps expected, but straight in the coronary arteries. Additionally, it was confirmed that rats which were subjected to NRB treatment suffered from hyperventilation followed by cardiovascular effects.Recent studies present NRB's ability to activate the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in isolated rat preparations. Cell apoptosis and necrosis are (amongst other things) regulated by MPT pores. It is understandable that  such an abnormity in the mitochondrial membranes bring about issues in the cellular metabolism of the poisoned animal.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: necrosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hyperventilation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which part of the heart does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: myocardium, arteries, or veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of artery: coronary, myocardium, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of cyanide toxicity: increased motor activity and incoordination?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: NRB

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The rat hearts started beating quite irregularly.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a source of blood flow: coronary arteries or myocardium?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: myocardium or coronary arteries?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, coronary, or arteries?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: What is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease?

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: (myocardium)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (myocardium)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: necrosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: hyperventilation

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (myocardium)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: decreased cardiac contraction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: mitochondrial permeability transition pore

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: straight in the coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: reduction of blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: coronary arteries.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiac contraction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: coronary arteries.

text: Primarily referred to in the United States as Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline and noradrenaline are catecholamines, water-soluble compounds that have a structure made of a catechol group and an amine group. The adrenal glands are responsible for most of the adrenaline that circulates in the body, but only for a small amount of circulating noradrenaline. These hormones are released by the adrenal medulla, which contains a dense network of blood vessels. Adrenaline and noradrenaline act at adrenoreceptors throughout the body, with effects that include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline are responsible for the fight or flight response, characterised by a quickening of breathing and heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body.

text: Primarily referred to in the United States as

text: Epinephrine

text: and

text: norepinephrine

text: Adrenaline

text: and

text: noradrenaline

text: are

text: catecholamine

text: s, water-soluble

text: compounds

text: that have a structure made of a

text: catechol

text: group and an

text: amine group

text: . The adrenal glands are responsible for most of the adrenaline that circulates in the body, but only for a small amount of circulating noradrenaline. These hormones are released by the adrenal medulla, which contains a dense network of blood vessels. Adrenaline and noradrenaline act at

text: adrenoreceptor

text: s throughout the body, with effects that include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline are responsible for the

text: fight or flight response

text: , characterised by a quickening of breathing and heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure and heart rate

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the adrenal medulla contain?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite of constriction of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: adrenal glands

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: adrenal medulla

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: adrenaline and noradrenaline

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: adrenoreceptors

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: fight or flight

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Adrenaline and noradrenaline

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: adrenoreceptors

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: constriction of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: adrenal medulla,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: adrenoreceptors

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: constriction of blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: adrenal medulla, which contains a dense network of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: constriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Epinephrine and norepinephrine,Adrenaline

text: In 1959, the heart of a 22 metric-ton (24 short-ton) male taken by whalers was measured to be , about 0.5% of its total mass. The circulatory system has a number of specific adaptations for the aquatic environment.  The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart.  This bulbous expansion acts as a windkessel, ensuring a steady blood flow as the heart rate slows during diving.  The arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.  There is no costocervical artery.  There is no direct connection between the internal carotid artery and the vessels of the brain.<ref name=pmid9329202>{{cite journal |author=Melnikov VV |title=The arterial system of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=234 |issue=1 |pages=37–50 |date=October 1997  |pmid=9329202 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199710)234:1

text: In 1959, the heart of a 22 metric-ton (24 short-ton) male taken by whalers was measured to be , about 0.5% of its total mass. The circulatory system has a number of specific adaptations for the aquatic environment.  The diameter of the

text: aortic arch

text: increases as it leaves the heart.  This bulbous expansion acts as a

text: windkessel

text: , ensuring a steady blood flow as the heart rate slows during diving.  The arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.  There is no

text: costocervical artery

text: .  There is no direct connection between the internal carotid artery and the vessels of the brain.<ref name=pmid9329202>{{cite journal |author=Melnikov VV |title=The arterial system of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=234 |issue=1 |pages=37–50 |date=October 1997  |pmid=9329202 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199710)234:1

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: weight

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the function of the aortic arch?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aortic arch carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacemaker electrodes

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: costocervical arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the function of aortic arch?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins have thinner walls

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart rate slows during diving.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: sperm whale

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: diving.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: heart rate slows during diving.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: costocervical

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: |title=The arterial system of the sperm whale

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The diameter of the aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: costocervical artery.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: brain.<unk>ref name=pmid9329202>

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic arch

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: costocervical artery.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: windkessel,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: |title=The arterial system of the sperm whale

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aortic arch increases as it leaves the heart.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: ensuring a steady blood flow as the heart rate slows during diving.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: 0.5% of its total mass.

text: Coronary artery disease is also known as ischemic heart disease, is caused by atherosclerosis – a build-up of plaque along the inner walls of the arteries which narrows them, reducing the blood flow to the heart. A stable plaque may cause chest pain (angina) or breathlessness during exercise or at rest, or no symptoms at all. A ruptured plaque can block a blood vessel and lead to ischaemia of the heart muscle, causing unstable angina or a heart attack. In the worst case this may cause cardiac arrest, a sudden and utter loss of output from the heart. Obesity, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, smoking and high cholesterol can all increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

text: Coronary artery disease

text: is also known as ischemic heart disease, is caused by

text: atherosclerosis

text: – a build-up of

text: plaque

text: along the inner walls of the arteries which

text: narrows

text: them, reducing the blood flow to the heart. A stable plaque may cause chest pain (

text: angina

text: ) or breathlessness during exercise or at rest, or no symptoms at all. A ruptured plaque can block a blood vessel and lead to ischaemia of the heart muscle, causing

text: unstable angina

text: or a

text: heart attack

text: . In the worst case this may cause cardiac arrest, a sudden and utter loss of output from the heart.

text: Obesity

text: high blood pressure

text: , uncontrolled

text: diabetes

text: , smoking and high

text: cholesterol

text: can all increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right artery

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: output

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not caused by plaque: atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, smoking and high cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: the atria, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not caused by plaque: coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium or right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischemic heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: output from the heart.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Obesity, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: chest pain (angina)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: muscle,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Coronary artery disease is also known as ischemic heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: reducing the blood flow to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: reducing the blood flow to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: muscle,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart muscle,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Coronary artery disease

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood flow to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: a build-up of plaque along the inner walls of the arteries

text: Normal tissues of the body have blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs. Cells must be close to the blood vessels to get enough oxygen for them to survive. New blood vessels are formed during the development of embryos, during wound repair and during the female reproductive cycle.  An expanding tumour requires new blood vessels to deliver adequate oxygen to the cancer cells, and thus exploits these normal physiological processes for its benefit. To do this, the cancer cells acquire the ability to orchestrate production of new vasculature by activating the 'angiogenic switch'. In doing so, they control non-cancerous cells that are present in the tumor that can form blood vessels by reducing the production of factors that inhibit blood vessel production, and increasing the production of factors that promote blood vessel formation.

text: Normal tissues of the body have blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs. Cells must be close to the blood vessels to get enough oxygen for them to survive. New blood vessels are formed during the development of embryos, during wound repair and during the female reproductive cycle.  An expanding tumour requires new blood vessels to deliver adequate oxygen to the cancer cells, and thus exploits these normal physiological processes for its benefit. To do this, the cancer cells acquire the ability to orchestrate production of new vasculature by activating the 'angiogenic switch'. In doing so, they control non-cancerous cells that are present in the tumor that can form blood vessels by reducing the production of factors that inhibit blood vessel production, and increasing the production of factors that promote blood vessel formation.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a function of veins?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for blood vessels to dilate?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: pacing

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: normal tissues of the body have blood vessels running through them

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: from the lungs to the heart

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: to deliver adequate oxygen to the cancer cells

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: 'angiogenic switch'.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Normal tissues

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: An expanding tumour

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: factors that inhibit blood vessel production,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: 'angiogenic switch'.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Cells must be close to the blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: 'angiogenic switch'.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Normal tissues

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels running through them that deliver oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: oxygen from the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: tumour

text: Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a medication used primarily for heart diseases. This specifically includes high blood pressure, chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart, and heart failure. It is taken by mouth.

text: Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a medication used primarily for

text: heart disease

text: s. This specifically includes

text: high blood pressure

text: chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart

text: , and

text: heart failure

text: . It is taken by mouth.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the heart

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Bisoprolol do?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: arteries or veins?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does Bisoprolol do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Zebeta

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Bisoprolol is a medication used primarily for heart diseases

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: How does Bisoprolol affect blood flow to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or systemic circulation?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: blood pressure, chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: chest

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: high blood pressure, chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart diseases.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: heart,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: not enough blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: not enough blood flow to the heart,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Bisoprolol,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure,

text: Angiostasis is the strict regulation by the body over creation of new blood vessels, which is the normal state (homeostasis) for adult humans. The opposite state of angiostasis is angiogenesis, or the state of generating new blood vessels, as happens after injury, and during tumor growth. Interruption of angiostasis in adults is generally an indication of disease.

text: Angiostasis is the strict regulation by the body over creation of new blood vessels, which is the normal state (

text: homeostasis

text: ) for adult humans. The opposite state of angiostasis is

text: angiogenesis

text: , or the state of generating new blood vessels, as happens after injury, and during tumor growth. Interruption of angiostasis in adults is generally an indication of disease.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: angiostatic

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: angioplasties

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angiosis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: angiostaticsis

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: What is the opposite state of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: atria, ventricles, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the opposite state of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What is the opposite state of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the opposite state of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: angiostatic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiostasis is the strict regulation

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the opposite state of angiogenesis?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: new blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: injury, and during tumor growth.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: (homeostasis)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: new blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Angiostasis

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Angiostasis

text: Since blood pressure is in intimate feedback with cardiac output and peripheral resistance, with relatively low blood pressure, the afterload on the heart decreases; this decreases how hard the heart must work to eject blood into the aorta, so the amount of oxygen required by the heart decreases accordingly. This can help ameliorate symptoms of ischaemic heart disease such as angina pectoris.

text: Since blood pressure is in intimate feedback with cardiac output and peripheral resistance, with relatively low blood pressure, the

text: afterload

text: on the heart decreases; this decreases how hard the heart must work to eject blood into the aorta, so the amount of oxygen required by the heart decreases accordingly. This can help ameliorate symptoms of

text: ischaemic heart disease

text: such as

text: angina pectoris

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischaemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ischaemic

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: angina pectoris

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Aorta

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following does not contract first, the ventricles or the atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can help ameliorate symptoms of ischaemic heart disease?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood pressure is in intimate feedback with peripheral resistance

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: peripheral

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: ischaemic heart disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: ischaemic

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure is in intimate feedback with cardiac output and peripheral resistance,

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: peripheral resistance,

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: eject blood into the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood pressure is in intimate feedback with cardiac output and peripheral resistance,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: peripheral resistance,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: peripheral resistance,

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: eject blood into the aorta,

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: aorta,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: ischaemic heart disease

text: The Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system can offset each other. One of the most classical example is called Vagal Escape. Vagal escape is characterized by a reduction in blood pressure due to muscarinic stimulation which is then compensated for stimulation from the sympathetic system to increase heart rate and thus blood pressure.When the heart is continuously stimulated via the vagus nerve, initially there is stoppage of heart beat. With further continuous stimuli, heart beat resumes (namely the ventricles) as the parasympathetic nerves only have their influence on the SA and AV nodes of the heart and not on the musculature of the heart, which establishes its own rhythm.

text: The

text: Sympathetic nervous system

text: and

text: Parasympathetic nervous system

text: can offset each other. One of the most classical example is called Vagal Escape. Vagal escape is characterized by a reduction in

text: blood pressure

text: due to

text: muscarinic

text: stimulation which is then compensated for stimulation from the sympathetic system to increase heart rate and thus blood pressure.When the heart is continuously stimulated via the vagus nerve, initially there is stoppage of heart beat. With further continuous stimuli, heart beat resumes (namely the ventricles) as the parasympathetic nerves only have their influence on the SA and AV nodes of the heart and not on the musculature of the heart, which establishes its own rhythm.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: AV nodes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right and left atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the primary function of blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: vagus nerve

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: arteries and veins

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not have a rhythm

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The SA and AV nodes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: SA and AV nodes

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: SA and AV nodes

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Vagal Escape.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Sympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: SA and AV nodes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: musculature

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: sympathetic system to increase heart rate

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: parasympathetic nerves

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: musculature

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: musculature

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vagus nerve,

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: musculature of the heart, which establishes its own rhythm.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Vagal Escape.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: ventricles)

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Vagal Escape.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Vagal Escape.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: reduction in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Vagal Escape.

text: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

text: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called

text: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity and smoking

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the best title for this passage?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The answer: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: arteries and veins.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The answer is cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: it does not say

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are called cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system

text: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common abnormal heart rhythm that starts in the atrial chambers of the heart.  When it first occurs, it is usually associated with a fast heart rate (100 or more heartbeats per minute), and is classified as a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia.  Although this abnormal heart rhythm typically occurs in individuals with cardiovascular disease (e.g. high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy) and diabetes mellitus, it may occur spontaneously in people with otherwise normal hearts.  It is typically not a stable rhythm, and often degenerates into atrial fibrillation (AF).  However, it does rarely persist for months to years.

text: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common

text: abnormal heart rhythm

text: that starts in the

text: atrial chambers

text: of the

text: heart

text: .  When it first occurs, it is usually associated with a

text: fast heart rate

text: (100 or more heartbeats per minute), and is classified as a type of

text: supra-ventricular tachycardia

text: .  Although this abnormal heart rhythm typically occurs in individuals with cardiovascular disease (e.g.

text: high blood pressure

text: coronary artery disease

text: , and

text: cardiomyopathy

text: ) and

text: diabetes mellitus

text: , it may occur spontaneously in people with otherwise normal hearts.  It is typically not a stable rhythm, and often degenerates into

text: atrial fibrillation

text: (AF).  However, it does rarely persist for months to years.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrial chambers

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of abnormal heart rhythm: supra-ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, or coronary artery disease?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does high blood pressure do to blood vessels?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Atrial flutter occurs in the atrial chambers of the heart.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supraventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia: atrial flutter or supra-ventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a type of supra-ventricular tachycardia?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: atrial chambers

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: supra-ventricular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiomyopathy)

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy)

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiomyopathy)

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: atrial chambers

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: supra-ventricular

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: atrial chambers

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: coronary artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: coronary artery

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: atrial chambers

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: artery disease,

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Atrial flutter

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: high blood pressure, coronary artery disease,

text: For instance, blood vessels in skin, gastrointestinal system, kidney and brain respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine (from sympathetic stimulation or the adrenal medulla) by producing vasoconstriction (this response is mediated through alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. However, blood vessels within skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle respond to these catecholamines producing vasodilation because the smooth muscle possess beta-adrenergic receptors. So there is a difference in the distribution of the various adrenergic receptors that explains the difference in why blood vessels from different areas respond to the same agent norepinephrine/epinephrine differently as well as differences due to varying amounts of these catecholamines that are released and sensitivities of various receptors to concentrations. .

text: For instance, blood vessels in skin, gastrointestinal system, kidney and brain respond to

text: norepinephrine

text: and

text: epinephrine

text: (from

text: sympathetic

text: stimulation or the adrenal medulla) by producing vasoconstriction (this response is mediated through

text: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

text: . However, blood vessels within skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle respond to these

text: catecholamines

text: producing vasodilation because the smooth muscle possess beta-

text: adrenergic receptors

text: . So there is a difference in the distribution of the various adrenergic receptors that explains the difference in why blood vessels from different areas respond to the same agent norepinephrine/epinephrine differently as well as differences due to varying amounts of these catecholamines that are released and sensitivities of various receptors to concentrations. .

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: right atria

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What does vasodilation increase?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: norepinephrine

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aortic

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels in skin respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left atrium and the right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the primary function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: right atrium

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: fatty deposits

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: sympathetic

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vasodilation

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: smooth muscle possess beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: skin,

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: beta-adrenergic receptors.

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

text: The region of the brain which includes the ventral portion of the median preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V), is highly involved in the maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and cardiovascular homeostasis. The median preoptic nucleus, along with the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organ (SFO) respond to changes in blood composition as well as neural input from receptors in blood vessels.Stretch receptors in the aorta and other vessels send sensory input to this region, relaying information about blood volume and blood pressure.

text: The region of the brain which includes the ventral portion of the median preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V), is highly involved in the maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and cardiovascular

text: homeostasis

text: . The median preoptic nucleus, along with the organum vasculosum

text: lamina terminalis

text: (OVLT) and the

text: subfornical organ

text: (SFO) respond to changes in blood composition as well as neural input from receptors in blood vessels.

text: Stretch receptors

text: in the

text: aorta

text: and other vessels send

text: sensory input

text: to this region, relaying information about

text: blood volume

text: and

text: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, aorta, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a region of the brain which includes the ventral portion of the median preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral third ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What must have muscular walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta and other vessels

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: OVLT

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The median preoptic nucleus responds to changes in blood composition as well as neural input from receptors in blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: Which of the following is not a blood vessel: aorta, artery, or heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: changes in blood composition

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: ventricle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: blood vessels.Stretch

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: vessels.Stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: neural input from receptors

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: anteroventral third ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: vessels.Stretch receptors in the aorta

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: vessels.Stretch receptors

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: cardiovascular homeostasis.

text: Electrical signals from the sinoatrial node and the autonomic nervous system must find their way from the upper chambers to the lower ones to ensure that the ventricles can drive the flow of blood. The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood, incrementally delivered to the lungs, body and brain.

text: Electrical signals from the

text: sinoatrial node

text: and the

text: autonomic nervous system

text: must find their way from the upper chambers to the lower ones to ensure that the ventricles can drive the flow of blood. The heart functions as a

text: pump

text: delivering an intermittent volume of blood, incrementally delivered to the lungs, body and brain.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a source of electrical signals from the sinoatrial node?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chamber: ventricles, atria, or lungs?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not true of the circulatory system?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the heart?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood in the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: veins

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: varicose vein

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium and the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the sinoatrial node?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: lower ones to ensure that the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: lungs, body and brain.

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: lower ones to ensure that the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: the ventricles

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: sinoatrial node

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood,

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood,

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood,

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood,

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: ventricles

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: upper chambers to the lower ones

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The heart functions as a pump

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The heart

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The heart functions as a pump delivering an intermittent volume of blood,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Electrical signals

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Electrical signals from the sinoatrial node

text: Dr. Newman began her research career with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's 19-year Cardiovascular Health Study in 1988, which evaluated men and women 65-years-old or more for the risk factors, consequences, and natural history of cardiovascular disease. She has also researched body mass and the effect of abdominal fat verses lower-body fat (fat deposits on the hips, thighs and buttocks), confirming that where the body stores fat impacts health. She has researched the impact of fitness on cognitive, muscle and physical function in aging and longevity. Newman has been involved in and served as the lead investigator for multiple long-term studies conducted with grants from the National Institute of Health and the CDC on aging. She is currently working as a Principle Investigator on clinical trials for the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Her current studies include Lifestyle and Independence for the Edlery (2009-2016),  ASPirin to Reduce Events in the Elderly (2009-2016), The Long Life Family Study (2004-2019), and the CHS All Stars Study (Exceptional Aging: 12 Year Trajectories to function (2004-2016).

text: Dr. Newman began her research career with the

text: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

text: 's 19-year Cardiovascular Health Study in 1988, which evaluated men and women 65-years-old or more for the risk factors, consequences, and natural history of cardiovascular disease. She has also researched body mass and the effect of abdominal fat verses lower-body fat (fat deposits on the hips, thighs and buttocks), confirming that where the body stores fat impacts health. She has researched the impact of fitness on cognitive, muscle and physical function in aging and longevity. Newman has been involved in and served as the lead investigator for multiple long-term studies conducted with grants from the

text: National Institute of Health

text: and the

entity_name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: CDC

text: on aging. She is currently working as a Principle Investigator on clinical trials for the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Her current studies include Lifestyle and Independence for the Edlery (2009-2016),  ASPirin to Reduce Events in the Elderly (2009-2016), The Long Life Family Study (2004-2019), and the CHS All Stars Study (Exceptional Aging: 12 Year Trajectories to function (2004-2016).

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: body mass

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac muscle

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atria: right or left?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria, or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Which of the following is not a type of muscle: muscular, muscle, or blood?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood: Arteries, Lungs, or Blood?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: Which of the following is not a type of blood vessel: arterial, venous, or lymphatic?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart muscle

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: ASPirin

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: ASPirin to Reduce Events in the Elderly

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fat: abdominal fat or lower-body fat?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Which of the following is not a type of valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the systemic circulation: the right atrium or the right ventricle?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: atherosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: National Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Heart,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: cardiovascular disease.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: body mass and the effect of abdominal fat verses lower-body fat

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Lung,

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: National Heart, Lung,

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: Blood

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: abdominal fat verses lower-body fat

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's

text: An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease, congenital heart defect, etc. When one or two of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. There are three major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs. This requires open heart surgery. The mechanical valves are made from metal and pyrolytic carbon, and can last a lifetime. All MHV function in the human body creating a unique sound effects and vibration. Patients with mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medications to prevent clotting. The choice of which valve type to use depends upon the patient's age, medical condition, preferences with medication, and lifestyle.Skumin syndrome (Russian: Синдро́м Ску́мина) was described by Skumin in 1978 as a "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome", associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by irrational fear, anxiety, depression and sleep disorder. This syndrome is often accompanied by asthenia. Alain Carpentier – a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the head the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris – believed in 2011 that Skumin syndrome develops in a quarter of the patients with an artificial heart valve. It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an artificial heart.

text: An artificial heart valve is a device

text: implanted

text: in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease,

text: congenital heart defect

text: , etc. When one or two of the four

text: heart valve

text: s malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. There are three major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs. This requires

text: open heart surgery

text: . The mechanical valves are made from metal and

text: pyrolytic carbon

text: , and can last a lifetime. All MHV function in the human body creating a unique sound effects and vibration. Patients with mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medications to prevent

text: clot

text: ting. The choice of which valve type to use depends upon the patient's age, medical condition, preferences with medication, and lifestyle.

text: Skumin syndrome

text: (Russian: Синдро́м Ску́мина) was described by Skumin in 1978 as a "cardioprosthetic psychopathological

text: syndrome

text: ", associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by

text: irrational fear

text: anxiety

text: depression

text: and

text: sleep disorder

text: . This

text: syndrome

text: is often accompanied by

text: asthenia

text: Alain Carpentier

text: – a member of the

text: French Academy of Sciences

text: and the head the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the

text: Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou

text: in Paris – believed in 2011 that Skumin syndrome develops in a quarter of the patients with an artificial heart valve. It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an

text: artificial heart

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: natural valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: congenital heart defect

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: natural valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: age

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: pulmonary

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: How many major types of mechanical valves are made from metal and pyrolytic carbon?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: How many major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: How many major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs are there?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the heart generally carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What can increase the amount of blood they can carry?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: heart valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: electrical impulses

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: heart valves

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart valve: natural or artificial?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What does an artificial heart valve do?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Which of the following is not included in the systemic circulation: right atrium, right ventricle, or left atrium?

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the largest blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: What is one way that blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: valvular heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: natural valve

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: valvular heart disease,

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: four heart

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: lifestyle.Skumin

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: natural valve

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: natural valve

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: MHV function in the human body creating a unique sound effects and vibration.

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: natural valve

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: valvular

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: An artificial heart valve

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: artificial heart valve

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: four heart valves

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: lifestyle.Skumin syndrome

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: blood-thinning medications to prevent clotting.

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: valvular heart disease,

text: The Gender Recognition Panel is a tribunal in the United Kingdom dealing with transsexual and transgender concerns and allowing people to change their legal gender. It was founded as a response to the Gender Recognition Act 2004.

text: The Gender Recognition Panel is a

text: tribunal

text: in the

text: United Kingdom

text: dealing with

text: transsexual

text: and

text: transgender

text: concerns and allowing people to change their legal

text: gender

text: . It was founded as a response to the

text: Gender Recognition Act 2004

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: right side of the body

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: gender

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: cardiac myocytes

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel was founded as a response to the Gender Recognition Act 2004

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What is the purpose of muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What does the Gender Recognition Panel deal with?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of the Gender Recognition Panel?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel is a tribunal in the United Kingdom.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The left and the right

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: transsexual

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: transsexual and transgender

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: transsexual and transgender concerns

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: transsexual

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: transsexual and transgender

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: transsexual and transgender

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: transsexual and transgender

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: transsexual

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: transsexual

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Gender Recognition Act 2004.

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel is a tribunal in the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: The Gender Recognition Panel is a tribunal in the United Kingdom

text: The 2006 Melbourne Storm season was the 9th in the club's history. Coached by Craig Bellamy and captained by Cameron Smith, they won a record 20 out of 24 regular season games to finish in first place and win the minor premiership, eight points clear of the second-placed Bulldogs. The Storm then reached their 2nd grand final as match favourites.

text: The 2006

text: Melbourne Storm

text: season was the 9th in the club's history. Coached by

text: Craig Bellamy

text: and captained by

text: Cameron Smith

text: , they won a record 20 out of 24 regular season games to finish in first place and win the

text: minor premiership

text: , eight points clear of the second-placed Bulldogs. The Storm then reached their 2nd

text: grand final

text: as match favourites.

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: heart attack

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Which atria passes through the right and left atria?

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heart muscle: ventricles, atria or atria?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: What does Craig Bellamy do?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does Craig Bellamy carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: How would you describe Craig Bellamy?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Cameron Smith

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: vein that leads to the heart

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: What does Craig Bellamy do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle.

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What does the aorta carry to the heart?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Which of the following is not a way blood vessels help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: minor premiership,

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: won a record 20 out of 24 regular season games

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: eight points clear of the second-placed Bulldogs.

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: eight points clear of the second-placed Bulldogs.

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: 20 out of 24

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: minor premiership,

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: eight points clear of the second-placed Bulldogs.

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: Craig Bellamy

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: Craig Bellamy

text: The Rio Puerco Bridge is a Parker through truss bridge located on historic U.S. Route 66 (US 66), crossing the Rio Puerco, that was built in 1933. It is located approximately  west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.

text: The Rio Puerco Bridge is a Parker

text: through

text: truss bridge

text: located on historic

text: U.S. Route 66

text: (US 66), crossing the

text: Rio Puerco

text: , that was built in 1933. It is located approximately  west of

text: Albuquerque

text: New Mexico

text: United States

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: Cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: left ventricle

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: left

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: Cardiomyopathy

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: built in 1933

answers: NDQ_007818

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007820

answers: myocardium

answers: NDQ_007828

answers: Blood in the pulmonary circulation passes through the right and left atria.

answers: NDQ_007829

answers: what is the first group of organs mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007831

answers: Why do veins have muscular walls?

answers: NDQ_007834

answers: What type of blood does the Rio Puerco Bridge carry?

answers: NDQ_007835

answers: What is the purpose of blood vessels dilatation?

answers: NDQ_007836

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007837

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007838

answers: Pacemaker

answers: NDQ_007839

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007840

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007841

answers: Rio Puerco

answers: NDQ_007842

answers: capillaries do not carry blood.

answers: NDQ_007843

answers: Blood flows through the heart in two paths.

answers: NDQ_007844

answers: What is the purpose of a valve?

answers: NDQ_007845

answers: The systemic circulation includes the right atrium and right ventricle

answers: NDQ_007846

answers: What is the purpose of the aorta?

answers: NDQ_007847

answers: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

answers: NDQ_007848

answers: How does the Rio Puerco Bridge help maintain homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007849

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007807

answers: The Rio Puerco Bridge is a Parker through truss

answers: NDQ_007808

answers: (US 66),

answers: NDQ_007809

answers: The Rio Puerco Bridge is a Parker through truss

answers: NDQ_007810

answers: Rio Puerco,

answers: NDQ_007811

answers: Rio Puerco Bridge

answers: NDQ_007812

answers: Rio Puerco,

answers: NDQ_007813

answers: (US 66),

answers: NDQ_007814

answers: Rio Puerco,

answers: NDQ_007815

answers: (US 66),

answers: NDQ_007816

answers: U.S. Route 66

answers: NDQ_007818