text: However, the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity. Some say these two opposite effects fully cancel, some say this is only partial. Overall, the effect of a switch from MER to PPP is likely to have a minimal effect on carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Castles and Henderson later accepted this and acknowledged that they were mistaken that future greenhouse gas emissions had been significantly overestimated.

text: However, the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity. Some say these two opposite effects fully cancel, some say this is only partial. Overall, the effect of a switch from MER to PPP is likely to have a minimal effect on carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Castles and Henderson later accepted this and acknowledged that they were mistaken that future greenhouse gas emissions had been significantly overestimated.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: MER

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: MER

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a minimal effect on what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does the change in economic growth is offset by a difference

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a tiny packet of energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: future greenhouse gas emissions had been significantly overestimated.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answer_match: lowercase, stopped, stemmed, removed trailing period, fuzz > 0.8 / true-false special handling

orig_prompt_class: QuestionPromptWithChoices

prompt_style: context: question:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: MER

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the difference in economic growth

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: MER to PPP

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: MER

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: MER

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the difference in economic growth

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: the difference in economic growth

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: economic growth

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: the difference in economic growth

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the difference in economic growth is offset by a difference in energy intensity.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: MER to PPP

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: future greenhouse gas emissions had been significantly overestimated.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: economic growth

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: difference in economic growth

answer_match: lowercase, stemmed, fuzz > 0.8

text: Fungi are not plants, and require different conditions for optimal growth. Plants develop through photosynthesis, a process that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, especially cellulose. While sunlight provides an energy source for plants, mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium, through biochemical decomposition processes. This does not mean that light is an unnecessary requirement, since some fungi use light as a signal to induce fruiting. However, all the materials for growth must already be present in the growth medium. Instead of seeds, mushrooms reproduce sexually during underground growth, and asexually through spores. Either of these can be contaminated with airborne microorganisms, which will interfere with mushroom growth and prevent a healthy crop. Mycelium, or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on growth substrate to seed or introduce mushrooms to grow on a substrate. This is also known as inoculation, spawning or adding spawn. Its main advantages are to reduce chances of contamination while giving mushrooms a firm beginning.

entity_name: Fungus

text: Fungi

text: are not plants, and require different conditions for optimal growth. Plants develop through

entity_name: Photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

text: , a process that converts atmospheric

entity_name: Carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

text: into

entity_name: Carbohydrate

text: carbohydrate

text: s, especially

entity_name: Cellulose

text: cellulose

text: . While sunlight provides an energy source for plants, mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their

entity_name: Growth medium

text: growth medium

text: , through biochemical

entity_name: Decomposition

text: decomposition

text: processes. This does not mean that light is an unnecessary requirement, since some fungi use light as a signal to induce fruiting. However, all the materials for growth must already be present in the growth medium. Instead of seeds, mushrooms reproduce sexually during underground growth, and asexually through

entity_name: Spore

text: spore

text: s. Either of these can be contaminated with airborne microorganisms, which will interfere with mushroom growth and prevent a healthy crop.

entity_name: Mycelium

text: Mycelium

text: , or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on growth substrate to seed or introduce mushrooms to grow on a

entity_name: Substrate (biology)

text: substrate

text: . This is also known as inoculation, spawning or adding spawn. Its main advantages are to reduce chances of contamination while giving mushrooms a firm beginning.

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for mushrooms: sunlight or cellulose?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does sunlight provide an energy source for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Fungi use as a signal to induce fruiting

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for mushrooms?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of mushroom?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fungi: plants, mushrooms or fungi?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for mushrooms?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What are the main advantages of inoculation?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What do mushrooms derive from their growth medium?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does sunlight provide an energy source for plants?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How do mushrooms derive their energy and growth materials from their growth medium?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight and cellulose

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: sunlight provides an energy source for plants

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Plants

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Plants developing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight provides

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: mushrooms

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight provides an energy source for plants,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: airborne microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contaminated with airborne microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Fungi

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: mushrooms

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Plants develop through photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: mushrooms

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: mushrooms

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: biochemical decomposition

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: light is an unnecessary requirement,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: underground growth,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: mushrooms

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

text: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth 1573 light years away. It orbits a K or M type star. Its orbital period is 46.8279 days long and orbits at 0.218 AU, placing it on the inner edge of the habitable zone. Because of its proximity to its star, it's probably tidally locked. There would be a small sliver of habitability. Because of its high radius, it probably also has high mass, making it more likely to possess a thick atmosphere, thus making more of the planet habitable due to the greenhouse effect. There are other planets in this system, but none are likely to be habitable.

text: e is a

entity_name: Super‐Earth

text: Super-Earth

entity_name: Light-year

text: light years

text: away. It orbits a

entity_name: K-type main-sequence star

text: K

text: or

entity_name: Red dwarf

text: M

text: type

entity_name: Star

text: star

text: . Its

entity_name: Orbital period

text: orbital period

text: is 46.8279

entity_name: Day

text: day

text: s long and orbits at 0.218 AU, placing it on the inner edge of the

entity_name: Circumstellar habitable zone

text: habitable zone

text: . Because of its proximity to its star, it's probably

entity_name: Tidal locking

text: tidally locked

text: . There would be a small sliver of habitability. Because of its high

entity_name: Radius

text: radius

text: , it probably also has high

entity_name: Mass

text: mass

text: , making it more likely to possess a thick

entity_name: Atmosphere

text: atmosphere

text: , thus making more of the planet habitable due to the

entity_name: Greenhouse effect

text: greenhouse effect

text: . There are other

entity_name: Planet

text: planet

text: s in this system, but none are likely to be habitable.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Kepler-26e emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: a K or M type star

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K, M, or M?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K or M type star?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the planet to be more habitable

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is Kepler-26e not likely to be habitable?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Kepler-26e?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not true of Kepler-26e?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of Kepler-26e?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K or M type star?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Because of its proximity to its star

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a sliver

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K or M type star?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is Kepler-26e?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: light years away

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: light years away

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: None are likely to be habitable due to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: tidally locked planets

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Kepler-26e

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a thick atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: none are likely to be habitable.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: none are likely to be habitable.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: There would be a small sliver of habitability.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small sliver of habitability.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Kepler-26e is a Super-Earth

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 1573 light years

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 1573 light years

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: K or M type star.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: none are likely to be habitable.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light years

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high mass, making it more likely to possess a thick atmosphere,

text: Although cyclones take an enormous toll in lives and personal property, they are also important factors in the precipitation regimes of areas they affect. They bring much-needed precipitation to otherwise dry regions. Areas in their path can receive a year's worth of rainfall from a tropical cyclone passage. Tropical cyclones can also relieve drought conditions. They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere.

text: Although

entity_name: Cyclone

text: cyclone

text: s take an enormous toll in lives and personal property, they are also important factors in the precipitation regimes of areas they affect. They bring much-needed precipitation to otherwise dry regions. Areas in their path can receive a year's worth of rainfall from a tropical cyclone passage. Tropical cyclones can also relieve

entity_name: Drought

text: drought

text: conditions. They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward

entity_name: Temperate climate

text: temperate

entity_name: Latitude

text: latitudes

text: , which makes them an important part of the global

entity_name: Atmospheric circulation

text: atmospheric circulation

text: mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's

entity_name: Troposphere

text: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a result of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a result of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carry heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which statement about tropical cyclones is true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a result of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a result of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a reason tropical cyclones carry heat and energy away from the tropics?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: cyclones take an enormous toll in lives and personal property

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What do tropical cyclones carry away from the tropics?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a result of tropical cyclones?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat and energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a reason tropical cyclones carry heat and energy away from the tropics?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat and energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's troposphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Earth's troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: temperate latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth's troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: transport it toward temperate latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: global atmospheric circulation mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transport it toward temperate latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: tropics

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperate latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: tropics

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat and energy away from the tropics

text: The most common of these dating techniques is Cosmogenic radionuclide dating.Earth is constantly bombarded with primary cosmic rays, high energy charged particles — mostly protons and alpha particles. These particles interact with atoms in atmospheric gases, producing a cascade of secondary particles that may in turn interact and reduce their energies in many reactions as they pass through the atmosphere. By the time the cosmic ray cascade reaches the surface of Earth it is primarily composed of neutrons. When one of these particles strikes an atom it can dislodge one or more protons and/or neutrons from that atom, producing a different element or a different isotope of the original element. In rock and other materials of similar density, most of the cosmic ray flux is absorbed within the first meter of exposed material in reactions that produce new isotopes called cosmogenic nuclides. At Earth's surface most of these nuclides are produced by neutron spallation. Using certain cosmogenic radionuclides, scientists can date how long a particular surface has been exposed, how long a certain piece of material has been buried, or how quickly a location or drainage basin is eroding. The basic principle is that these radionuclides are produced at a known rate, and also decay at a known rate. Accordingly, by measuring the concentration of these cosmogenic nuclides in a rock sample, and accounting for the flux of the cosmic rays and the half-life of the nuclide, it is possible to estimate how long the sample has been exposed to the cosmic rays.The cumulative flux of cosmic rays at a particular location can be affected by several factors, including elevation, geomagnetic latitude, the varying intensity of the Earth's magnetic field, solar winds, and atmospheric shielding due to air pressure variations.Rates of nuclide production must be estimated in order to date a rock sample. These rates are usually estimated empirically by comparing the concentration of nuclides produced in samples whose ages have been dated by other means, such as radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence, or optically stimulated luminescence.

text: The most common of these dating techniques is Cosmogenic radionuclide dating.Earth is constantly bombarded with primary

entity_name: Cosmic ray

text: cosmic ray

text: s, high energy charged particles — mostly

entity_name: Proton

text: proton

text: s and

entity_name: Alpha particle

text: alpha particle

text: s. These particles interact with atoms in atmospheric gases, producing a cascade of secondary particles that may in turn interact and reduce their energies in many reactions as they pass through the atmosphere. By the time the cosmic ray cascade reaches the surface of Earth it is primarily composed of neutrons. When one of these particles strikes an atom it can dislodge one or more protons and/or neutrons from that atom, producing a different element or a different

entity_name: Isotope

text: isotope

text: of the original element. In rock and other materials of similar density, most of the cosmic ray flux is absorbed within the first meter of exposed material in reactions that produce new isotopes called

entity_name: Cosmogenic nuclide

text: cosmogenic nuclide

text: s. At Earth's surface most of these nuclides are produced by neutron

entity_name: Cosmic ray spallation

text: spallation

text: . Using certain cosmogenic

entity_name: Radionuclide

text: radionuclide

text: s, scientists can date how long a particular surface has been exposed, how long a certain piece of material has been buried, or how quickly a location or

entity_name: Drainage basin

text: drainage basin

text: is eroding. The basic principle is that these radionuclides are produced at a known rate, and also decay at a known rate. Accordingly, by measuring the concentration of these cosmogenic nuclides in a rock sample, and accounting for the flux of the cosmic rays and the half-life of the nuclide, it is possible to estimate how long the sample has been exposed to the cosmic rays.The cumulative flux of cosmic rays at a particular location can be affected by several factors, including elevation, geomagnetic latitude, the varying intensity of the

entity_name: Earth's magnetic field

text: Earth's magnetic field

text: , solar winds, and atmospheric shielding due to air pressure variations.Rates of nuclide production must be estimated in order to date a rock sample. These rates are usually estimated empirically by comparing the concentration of nuclides produced in samples whose ages have been dated by other means, such as

entity_name: Radiocarbon dating

text: radiocarbon dating

entity_name: Thermoluminescence

text: thermoluminescence

text: , or

entity_name: Optically stimulated luminescence

text: optically stimulated luminescence

method: UNH-qee

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the most common of these dating techniques

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the most common of these dating techniques?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Solar winds can be caused by

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nuclide?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the most common of these dating techniques?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The basic principle is that these radionuclides are produced at a known rate,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: proton

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the most common of these dating techniques?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the most common of these dating techniques?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiocarbon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermoluminescence

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: protons and alpha particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: proton and alpha particles

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a cascade of secondary particles

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermoluminescence,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric shielding

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric shielding due to air pressure variations.Rates

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: interact and reduce their energies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: reduce their energies

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: cosmogenic nuclides

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: reduce their energies

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: optically stimulated luminescence.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: reduce their energies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays,

text: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the Sun´s path, the atmosphere's condition, the scattering processes and the characteristics of a solar energy plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create solar power. Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power. The power output depends on the incoming radiation and on the solar panel characteristics. Photovoltaic power production is increasing nowadays. Forecast information is essential for an efficient use, the management of the electricity grid and for solar energy trading. Common solar forecasting method include stochastic learning method, local and remote sensing method, and hybrid method (Chu et al. 2016).

text: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the

entity_name: Sun

text: Sun

text: ´s path, the

text: atmosphere

text: 's condition, the scattering processes and the characteristics of a

entity_name: Solar energy

text: solar energy

text: plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create

entity_name: Solar power

text: solar power

text: . Solar

entity_name: Photovoltaic system

text: photovoltaic system

text: s transform solar energy into electric power. The power output depends on the incoming radiation and on the solar panel characteristics. Photovoltaic power production is increasing nowadays. Forecast information is essential for an efficient use, the management of the electricity grid and for solar energy trading. Common solar forecasting method include stochastic learning method, local and remote sensing method, and hybrid method (Chu et al. 2016).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a scattering process?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a solar energy plant?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: scattering

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What does solar power forecasting involve?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a solar energy plant?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a solar energy plant?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of solar photovoltaic systems?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Essential for an efficient use, the management of the electricity grid and for solar energy trading

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photovoltaic systems transform solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a scattering process?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: scattering processes

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: incoming radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar power and electric power

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: scattering

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun  s path

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar power forecasting

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: incoming radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: scattering processes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The power output

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the Sun <unk>s path,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the scattering processes

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the Sun <unk>s path,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Forecast information is essential for an efficient use,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: scattering processes

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar power. Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun's energy to create solar power.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere's condition,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: scattering processes

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Sun's energy

text: |Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan|2011-||-| UNO| Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory| S, ATM, GSN, RSN| | | ES| Water ( HO)| Cherenkov| | Henderson Mine, Colorado| future| |-|} Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T)<br> Double beta decay (BB), Charged current (CC), Elastic scattering (ES), Neutral current (NC)

entity_name: Tōkai, Ibaraki

text: Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan

text: UNO

text: | Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory| S, ATM, GSN, RSN| | | ES|

entity_name: Water

text: Water

text: ( HO)|

entity_name: Cherenkov detector

text: Cherenkov

text: Henderson Mine

entity_name: Colorado

text: Colorado

text: | future| |-|} Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T)<br>

entity_name: Double beta decay

text: Double beta decay

text: (BB),

entity_name: Charged current

text: Charged current

text: (CC),

entity_name: Elastic scattering

text: Elastic scattering

text: (ES),

entity_name: Neutral current

text: Neutral current

text: (NC)

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Elastic scattering.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Pulsar neutrino.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ||||| The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Neutrino neutrino (LS) be a type of neutrino?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Neutral current (NC)

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: During the day, sunlight hits Earth's surface, then heat travels by conduction back into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: pulsar neutrino

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrons, neutrinos, and neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Neutral current is the opposite of charged current.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrino

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature rises

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric neutrino.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory|

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Charged current

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Water ( HO)| Cherenkov|

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Low-energy solar neutrino

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Neutral current

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Pulsar neutrino

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory|

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: supernova neutrino

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Low-energy solar neutrino

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cosmic ray neutrino

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Atmospheric neutrino

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Water ( HO)| Cherenkov|

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory|

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Neutral current (NC)

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory|

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory|

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Terrestrial neutrino (T)

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Water

text: An enhanced greenhouse effect is expected to cause cooling in higher parts of the atmosphere. Cooling of the lower stratosphere (about 49,000-79,500 ft.) since 1979 is shown by both satellite Microwave sounding unit and radiosonde data, but is larger in the radiosonde data likely due to uncorrected errors in the radiosonde data (see figure opposite).

text: An enhanced

text: greenhouse effect

text: is expected to cause cooling in higher parts of the atmosphere. Cooling of the lower

entity_name: Stratosphere

text: stratosphere

text: (about 49,000-79,500 ft.) since 1979 is shown by both satellite

entity_name: Microwave sounding unit

text: Microwave sounding unit

text: and

entity_name: Radiosonde

text: radiosonde

text: data, but is larger in the radiosonde data likely due to uncorrected errors in the radiosonde data (see figure opposite).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Microwave sounding unit and radiosonde data

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause cooling in higher parts of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Microwave sounding unit

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cooling of the lower stratosphere (about 49,000-79,500 ft.)

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cooling of the lower stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: lower stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: uncorrected errors

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Microwave sounding unit

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Microwave sounding unit

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect is expected to cause cooling

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Microwave sounding unit

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: An enhanced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: higher parts of the atmosphere. Cooling of the lower stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellite Microwave

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cooling in higher parts of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cooling in higher parts of the atmosphere.

text: Spread-spectrum clocking avoids this problem by using one of the methods previously described to reduce the peak radiated energy and, therefore, its electromagnetic emissions and so comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations.

text: Spread-spectrum clocking avoids this problem by using one of the methods previously described to reduce the peak radiated energy and, therefore, its electromagnetic emissions and so comply with

entity_name: Electromagnetic compatibility

text: electromagnetic compatibility

text: (EMC) regulations.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does EMC stand for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EMC

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a way to reduce the peak radiated energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can not be radiated

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking does not reduce the peak radiated energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: peak radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: peak radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: peak radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Spread-spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking avoids this problem

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: peak radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Spread-spectrum clocking

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: peak radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic emissions

text: Cosmic rays attract great interest practically, due to the damage they inflict on microelectronics and life outside the protection of an atmosphere and magnetic field, and scientifically, because the energies of the most energetic ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been observed to approach 3 × 10 eV, about 40 million times the energy of particles accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider. One can show that such enormous energies might be achieved by means of the Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei. At 50 J, the highest-energy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have energies comparable to the kinetic energy of a  baseball. As a result of these discoveries, there has been interest in investigating cosmic rays of even greater energies. Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies; the energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at .

text: Cosmic rays attract great interest practically, due to the damage they inflict on microelectronics and life outside the protection of an atmosphere and magnetic field, and scientifically, because the energies of the most energetic

entity_name: Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

text: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

text: s (UHECRs) have been observed to approach 3 × 10 eV, about 40 million times the energy of particles accelerated by the

entity_name: Large Hadron Collider

text: Large Hadron Collider

text: . One can show that such enormous energies might be achieved by means of the

entity_name: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration

text: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration

text: in

entity_name: Active galactic nucleus

text: Active galactic nuclei

text: . At 50 J, the highest-energy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have energies comparable to the kinetic energy of a  baseball. As a result of these discoveries, there has been interest in investigating cosmic rays of even greater energies. Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies; the energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at .

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What are cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: centrifugal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UHECRs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: damage life

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the energy distribution of cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a cosmic ray?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy of a baseball

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Active galactic nuclei

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 50 J,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: magnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies;

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Centrifugal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 50 J,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 50 J,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 50 J,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 50 J,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life outside the protection of an atmosphere and magnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy of a baseball.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere and magnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy of a baseball.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Active galactic nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies;

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Cosmic rays

text: Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

text: , professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with

text: wind power

text: solar power

text: , and

text: hydropower

text: by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: wind, solar, or hydropower?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind power

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used as a source of energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is feasible

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to produce energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy costs

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable energy source: wind, solar, or water?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Atmosphere and Energy Program

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Atmosphere and Energy Program

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy costs.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 2050.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmosphere

text: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere. However, nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes. Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting inert atmospheric N into biologically usable forms of nitrogen such as ammonium and nitrogen oxides. This process requires a substantial amount of energy (in the form of ATP) in order to break the triple bond between the nitrogen atoms.

text: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere. However, nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

text: Nitrogen fixation

text: is the process of converting inert atmospheric N into biologically usable forms of nitrogen such as

text: ammonium

text: and

text: nitrogen oxides

text: . This process requires a substantial amount of energy (in the form of

text: ATP

text: ) in order to break the triple bond between the nitrogen atoms.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the most abundant element within the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the most abundant element within the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the most abundant element within the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not usable

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nitrogen oxides

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: N

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: N

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: N

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: N

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: N

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ATP)

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: nitrogen packed in this form is not usable for most biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: N is the most abundant element within the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nitrogen oxides.

text: The transfer of energy between the wind blowing over the surface of an ocean and the ocean's upper layer is an important element in wave dynamics.  The spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid), wave shoaling, refraction, energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean. Along with dissipation of energy through whitecaps and resonance between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bender|first=Leslie C.|title=Modification of the Physics and Numerics in a Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January 1996|volume=13|issue=3|pages=726 |doi=10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013

text: The transfer of energy between the wind blowing over the surface of an ocean and the ocean's upper layer is an important element in wave dynamics.  The

text: spectral wave transport equation

text: is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid),

text: wave shoaling

text: refraction

text: , energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean. Along with dissipation of energy through

text: whitecaps

text: and

text: resonance

text: between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bender|first=Leslie C.|title=Modification of the Physics and Numerics in a Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=

entity_name: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

text: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

text: |date=January 1996|volume=13|issue=3|pages=726 |doi=10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: shoaling

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave shoaling

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the most energy is infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Solar radiation may be a source of heat.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: whitecaps and resonance

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fluid),

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: winds

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: wave generation,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: predictions of the state of the sea surface.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The transfer of energy between the wind blowing over the surface of an ocean

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy transfer between waves,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean and the ocean's upper layer

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wave spectrum over changing topography.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is transferred from the atmosphere

text: A macroscopic body that is stationary (i.e. a reference frame has been chosen to correspond to the body's center of momentum) may have various kinds of internal energy at the molecular or atomic level, which may be regarded as kinetic energy, due to molecular translation, rotation, and vibration, electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin. These all contribute to the body's mass, as provided by the special theory of relativity. When discussing movements of a macroscopic body, the kinetic energy referred to is usually that of the macroscopic movement only. However all internal energies of all types contribute to body's mass, inertia, and total energy.

text: A macroscopic body that is stationary (i.e. a reference frame has been chosen to correspond to the body's

text: center of momentum

text: ) may have various kinds of

text: internal energy

text: at the molecular or atomic level, which may be regarded as kinetic energy, due to molecular translation, rotation, and vibration, electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin. These all contribute to the body's mass, as provided by the special theory of relativity. When discussing movements of a macroscopic body, the kinetic energy referred to is usually that of the macroscopic movement only. However all internal energies of all types contribute to body's mass, inertia, and total energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the special theory of relativity provide?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nuclear spin

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vibration

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to the body's total energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atom level

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of internal energy: kinetic energy, rotation, and vibration, electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electron translation and spin

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vibration

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: vibration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the kinetic energy referred to is usually that of the macroscopic movement only

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a macroscopic body

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: total energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: body's mass

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: inertia

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A macroscopic body

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A macroscopic body

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vibration,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: macroscopic movement only.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: movements

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electron translation and spin, and nuclear spin.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy,

text: The Lord was surrounded by His personal associates Nanda and Sunanda, and the personified Sudarsana disc was also standing by Him. As is stated in the Vedas, the Lord has innumerable energies, and they were also standing there personified. The most important among them were as follows: Pusti, the energy for nourishment, Sri, the energy of beauty, Kirti, the energy of reputation, and Aja, the energy of material creation. All these energies are invested in the administrators of the material world, namely Lord Brahma, Lord Siva and Lord Maha-Vishnu, and in the kings of the heavenly planets, Indra, Chandra, Varuna and Surya,the sun-god. In other words, all these demigods, being empowered by the Lord with certain energies, engage in the transcendental loving service of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Maha-Visnu feature is an expansion of Krsna's body. It is also confirmed in the Brahma-samhita that Lord Maha-Vishnu is a portion of a plenary expansion of Krsna. All such expansions are nondifferent from the Personality of Godhead, but since Krsna appeared within this material world to manifest His pastimes as a human being, He and Arjuna immediately offered their respects to Lord Maha-Vishnu by bowing down before Him. It is stated in the Srimad-Bhagavatam that Lord Krsna offered respect to Lord Maha-Vishnu; this means that He offered obeisances unto Him only because Lord Maha-Vishnu is nondifferent from He Himself. This offering of obeisances by Krsna to Maha-Visnu is not, however, the form of worship known as ahangraha-upasana, which is sometimes recommended for persons who are trying to elevate themselves to the spiritual world by performing the sacrifice of knowledge. This is also stated in the Bhagavad-gita: jnana-yajnena capy anye yajanto mam upasate.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Surya,the sun-god

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Aja

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Suryathe sun-god

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Maha-Visnu feature is an expansion of Krsna's body.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the sun-god

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Aja, the energy of material creation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Pusti, the energy for nourishment

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy of material creation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Pusti, the energy for nourishment

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Lord has innumerable energies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Vedas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: material creation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: material world to manifest His pastimes as a human being,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: bowing down before Him.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Surya,the sun-god.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Pusti, the energy for nourishment,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Surya,the sun-god.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transcendental loving service

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ahangraha-upasana,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Pusti, the energy for nourishment,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: invested in the administrators of the material world,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Lord Maha-Vishnu

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Surya,the sun-god.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: material creation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Pusti,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heavenly planets,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: material creation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Srimad-Bhagavatam

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: respects

text: Because living systems involve net movement in terms of chemical movement or body movement, and lose energy in those movements through entropy, energy is required for a living system to exist. The main source of energy on Earth is the sun, but other sources of energy exist for life on Earth, such as hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis.

text: Because living systems involve net movement in terms of chemical movement or body movement, and lose energy in those movements through

text: entropy

text: energy

text: is required for a living system to exist. The main source of energy on Earth is the sun, but other sources of energy exist for life on Earth, such as hydrogen gas or methane, used in

text: chemosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the sun produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: net movement

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: entropy a living system

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Because living systems involve net movement

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is required for a living system to exist

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the main source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen as ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen gas and methane

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The main source of energy on Earth is the sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: living systems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hydrogen gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy in those movements through entropy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The main source of energy on Earth is the sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The main source of energy on Earth is the sun,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hydrogen gas or methane,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The main source of energy on Earth is the sun,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: hydrogen gas or methane,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen gas or methane,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lose energy in those movements through entropy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: living systems involve net movement in terms of chemical movement or body movement,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hydrogen gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: entropy,

text: Rapper Shyne recently released a new song entitled “Solar Energy”. Shyne premiered the song on June 5, 2011, at the Ketura Sun launch.

text: Rapper

text: Shyne

text: recently released a new song entitled “Solar Energy”. Shyne premiered the song on June 5, 2011, at the Ketura Sun launch.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar Energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, Ketura Sun, or solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Shyne?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where is the Ketura Sun launch?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of Shyne?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does Shyne have

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: [iv]

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a color of the Ketura Sun?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Shyne released a new song entitled "Solar Energy".

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ketura Sun launch

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: releasing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Shyne's song being more popular

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Shyne emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: June 5, 2011,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a new song entitled “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: June 5, 2011,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: “Solar Energy”.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Ketura Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: “Solar Energy”.

text: When the beam electrons (and scattered electrons from the sample) interact with bound electrons in the innermost electron shells of the atoms of the various elements in the sample, they can scatter the bound electrons from the electron shell producing a vacancy in that shell (ionization of the atom). This vacancy is unstable and must be filled by an electron from either a higher energy bound shell in the atom (producing another vacancy which is in turn filled by electrons from yet higher energy bound shells) or by unbound electrons of low energy. The difference in binding energy between the electron shell in which the vacancy was produced and the shell from which the electron comes to fill the vacancy is emitted as a photon. The energy of the photon is in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. As the electron structure of each element is unique, the series X-ray line energies produced by vacancies in the innermost shells is characteristic of that element, although lines from different elements may overlap. As the innermost shells are involved, the X-ray line energies are generally not affected by chemical effects produced by bonding between elements in compounds except in low atomic number (Z) elements ( B, C, N, O and F for K and Al to Cl for K) where line energies may be shifted as a result of the involvement of the electron shell from which vacancies are filled in chemical bonding.

text: When the beam electrons (and scattered electrons from the sample) interact with bound electrons in the innermost electron shells of the atoms of the various elements in the sample, they can scatter the bound electrons from the electron shell producing a vacancy in that shell (ionization of the atom). This vacancy is unstable and must be filled by an electron from either a higher energy bound shell in the atom (producing another vacancy which is in turn filled by electrons from yet higher energy bound shells) or by unbound electrons of low energy. The difference in binding energy between the electron shell in which the vacancy was produced and the shell from which the electron comes to fill the vacancy is emitted as a photon. The energy of the photon is in the X-ray region of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . As the electron structure of each element is unique, the series X-ray line energies produced by vacancies in the innermost shells is characteristic of that element, although lines from different elements may overlap. As the innermost shells are involved, the X-ray line energies are generally not affected by chemical effects produced by bonding between elements in compounds except in low atomic number (Z) elements ( B, C, N, O and F for K and Al to Cl for K) where line energies may be shifted as a result of the involvement of the electron shell from which vacancies are filled in chemical bonding.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the X-ray region of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: scatter bound electrons from the electron shell

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an element?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This vacancy is unstable and must be filled

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unbound electrons of low energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an element: B, C, N, O and F for K and Al to Cl for K

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical bonding

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: unbound electrons of low energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: low atomic number elements

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: emitted photons

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: unbound electrons of low energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by bonding between elements in compounds

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: When the beam electrons

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (ionization of the atom).

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: X-ray region

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: When the beam electrons (and scattered electrons

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: a vacancy in that shell

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: (ionization of the atom).

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When the beam electrons

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: low atomic number (Z) elements

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photon.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: vacancy in that shell

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a vacancy

text: It plays a critical role in preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

text: It plays a critical role in preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to measure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the best way to prevent this?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be released into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: It is a waste of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: It

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: preventing release of a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: release of a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: release of a potent greenhouse gas

text: Beryllium-10 (Be) is a radioactive isotope of beryllium. It is formed mainly by the cosmic ray spallation of oxygen. Beryllium-10 has a half-life of 1.39 × 10 years, and decays by beta decay to stable boron-10 with a maximum energy of 556.2 keV. It decays through the reaction Be→B+e. Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles. The spallation of the reaction products is the source of Be (t, u particles like n or p):

text: Beryllium-10 (Be) is a

text: radioactive

text: isotope

text: of

text: beryllium

text: . It is formed mainly by the

text: cosmic ray spallation

text: of oxygen. Beryllium-10 has a

text: half-life

text: of 1.39 × 10 years, and decays by

text: beta decay

text: to stable

text: with a maximum energy of 556.2 keV. It decays through the reaction Be→B+e. Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy

text: galactic cosmic ray

text: particles. The

text: spallation

text: of the reaction products is the source of Be (t, u particles like n or p):

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of Be?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which is not the source of Be?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of Be?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The spallation of the reaction products is the source of Be

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of Be?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of Beryllium-10?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Galactic cosmic ray particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Galactic cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Beryllium-10

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Beryllium-10

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Beryllium-10

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Beryllium-10

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 556.2 keV.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: half-life of 1.39 <unk> 10 years,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Beryllium-10

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Light elements in the atmosphere react with high energy galactic cosmic ray particles.

text: Carbon dioxide () is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04%, i.e. 400 parts per million (ppm), of the atmosphere. Despite its relatively small concentration,  is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect. Reconstructions show that concentrations of  in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 ppm during the Cambrian period  about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 ppm during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.

text: Carbon dioxide

text: () is an important trace gas in

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: currently constituting about 0.04%, i.e. 400 parts per million (ppm), of the atmosphere. Despite its relatively small concentration,  is a potent

text: greenhouse gas

text: and plays a vital role in regulating

text: Earth

text: 's surface temperature through

text: radiative forcing

text: and the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Reconstructions show that concentrations of  in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 ppm during the

text: Cambrian period

text: about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 ppm during the

text: Quaternary glaciation

text: of the last two million years.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (ppm)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does carbon dioxide affect Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 7,000 ppm during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: regulating Earth's surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 7,000

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: regulating Earth's surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere is 100 to 1,000,000  nanometer (nm). This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths:

text: The spectrum of

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: striking the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: is 100 to 1,000,000

text: nanometer (nm)

text: . This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of

text: wavelength

text: s:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The campers are warm because of the heat from the fire

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: How long is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: nm

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere is 100 to 1,000,000 nanometer (nm).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 100 to 1,000,000 nanometer (nm).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths:

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 100 to 1,000,000 nanometer (nm).

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wavelengths:

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: wavelengths:

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanometer

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wavelengths:

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 100 to 1,000,000 nanometer

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: Two  kinds of large-scale atmospheric waves within the lower atmosphere exist: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths which can transport wave energy upward; and external waves with infinitely large wavelengths which cannot transport wave energy. Atmospheric gravity waves and most of the atmospheric tides generated within the troposphere belong to the internal waves. Their density amplitudes increase exponentially with height, so that at the mesopause these waves become turbulent and their energy is dissipated (similar to breaking of ocean waves at the coast), thus contributing to the heating of the thermosphere by about 250 K in eq.(2). On the other hand, the fundamental diurnal tide labelled (1, −2) which is most efficiently excited by solar irradiance is an external wave and plays only a marginal role within lower and middle atmosphere. However, at thermospheric altitudes, it becomes the predominant wave. It drives the electric Sq-current within the ionospheric dynamo region between about 100 and 200 km height.

text: Two  kinds of large-scale atmospheric waves within the lower atmosphere exist: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths which can transport wave energy upward; and external waves with infinitely large wavelengths which cannot transport wave energy.

text: Atmospheric gravity wave

text: s and most of the

text: atmospheric tides

text: generated within the troposphere belong to the internal waves. Their density amplitudes increase exponentially with height, so that at the mesopause these waves become turbulent and their energy is dissipated (similar to breaking of ocean waves at the coast), thus contributing to the heating of the thermosphere by about 250 K in eq.(2). On the other hand, the fundamental diurnal tide labelled (1, −2) which is most efficiently excited by solar irradiance is an external wave and plays only a marginal role within lower and middle atmosphere. However, at thermospheric altitudes, it becomes the predominant wave. It drives the electric Sq-current within the

text: ionospheric dynamo region

text: between about 100 and 200 km height.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric Sq-current

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What drives the electric Sq-current within the ionospheric dynamo region?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: internal waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a kind of wave?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a kind of wave?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths which cannot transport wave energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: external waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal waves

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths cannot transport wave energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: at the mesopause

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: external waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths which can transport wave energy upward

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: internal waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Sq-current

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulent

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: internal waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: fundamental diurnal tide

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electric Sq-current

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heating of the thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths which cannot transport wave energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric Sq-current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths which can transport wave energy upward;

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Two kinds of large-scale atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: external waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths which can transport wave energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Atmospheric gravity waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: external waves with infinitely large wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: at the mesopause

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: internal waves with finite vertical wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heating of the thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 250 K in eq.(2).

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heating of the thermosphere

text: Umov was the first who introduced in physics such basic concepts as speed and direction of movement of energy, which are now associated with Umov-Poynting vector, and density of energy in a given point of space. During his work in Odessa in 1873—1874, Umov published first papers containing the major ideas of energy movement. In his first works of this period, Umov considered potential energy as kinetic energy of some environments "imperceptible for us". From this hypothesis, he made a conclusion: it is always possible to specify a place where the energy is in. Therefore, it is natural to raise the question about movement of energy. In his following works, Umov did not bind himself to this hypothesis about the nature of potential energy, but was guided by the principle of energy conservation only. After formulating the concept of density and movement of energy, he wrote differential equations for energy movement in the elastic media and in the fluid. The authoritative Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften states: "N. Umov in 1874 had already solved a problem of the movement of energy in liquid and elastic media in completely generalized view. However, the intense attention to this view has been attracted only after Poynting had presented a stream of electromagnetic energy based on Maxwell equations" ten years later than Umov's publications.

text: Umov was the first who introduced in physics such basic concepts as speed and direction of movement of

text: energy

text: , which are now associated with

text: Umov-Poynting vector

text: , and density of energy in a given point of space. During his work in

text: Odessa

text: in 1873—1874, Umov published first papers containing the major ideas of energy movement. In his first works of this period, Umov considered

text: potential energy

text: as

text: kinetic energy

text: of some environments "imperceptible for us". From this hypothesis, he made a conclusion: it is always possible to specify a place where the energy is in. Therefore, it is natural to raise the question about movement of energy. In his following works, Umov did not bind himself to this hypothesis about the nature of potential energy, but was guided by the principle of energy conservation only. After formulating the concept of density and movement of energy, he wrote differential equations for energy movement in the elastic media and in the fluid. The authoritative

text: Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften

text: states: "N. Umov in 1874 had already solved a problem of the movement of energy in liquid and elastic media in completely generalized view. However, the intense attention to this view has been attracted only after

text: Poynting

text: had presented a stream of electromagnetic energy based on

text: Maxwell equations

text: " ten years later than Umov's publications.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was Poynting's stream of electromagnetic energy based on?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy conservation only

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Poynting

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Poynting

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Poynting presented a stream of electromagnetic energy based on Maxwell equations

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Poynting

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Poynting

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Umov?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the principle of energy conservation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: During his work in Odessa in 1873—1874, Umov published first papers containing the major ideas of energy movement

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a stream of electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: chemical or potential?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: kinetic energy of some environments

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy and kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Umov considered potential energy as kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a stream of electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: density

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Poynting

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the movement of energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Umov-Poynting vector,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: elastic media

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Poynting had presented a stream of electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Umov considered potential energy as kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "imperceptible for us".

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Umov-Poynting vector,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy conservation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Umov published first papers containing the major ideas of energy movement.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Umov-Poynting vector,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "imperceptible for us".

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fluid.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: elastic media

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

text: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy (VRE), unlike hydroelectricity or geothermal, and much of the output must be buffered or stored for when it can be used. During an overcast day, the peak output never reaches a level close to what is reached on a clear day. On a partly cloudy day, output varies dramatically as clouds cover the array, and each time the sun shines through the output jumps up to what it would have been on a clear day. Latitude dramatically affects the annual output, with output dropping to zero in winter north and south of the arctic circles. At other latitudes lower sun angles reduce output in winter.

text: Photovoltaics

text: is a variable renewable energy (VRE), unlike hydroelectricity or geothermal, and much of the output must be buffered or stored for when it can be used. During an overcast day, the peak output never reaches a level close to what is reached on a clear day. On a partly cloudy day, output varies dramatically as clouds cover the array, and each time the sun shines through the output jumps up to what it would have been on a clear day. Latitude dramatically affects the annual output, with output dropping to zero in winter north and south of the arctic circles. At other latitudes lower sun angles reduce output in winter.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a variable renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a variable renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: VRE

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a variable renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is a variable renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Hydroelectricity and geothermal

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hydroelectricity or geothermal

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: output dropping to zero

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Latitude

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: hydroelectricity or geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lower sun angles

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds cover the array,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: zero in winter north and south of the arctic circles.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: output must be buffered or stored for when it can be used.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: output dropping to zero in winter north and south of the arctic circles.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Photovoltaics is a variable renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hydroelectricity or geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds cover the array,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: output dropping to zero in winter north and south of the arctic circles.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Photovoltaics

text: Low-mass planets are poor candidates for life for two reasons. First, their lesser gravity makes atmosphere retention difficult. Constituent molecules are more likely to reach escape velocity and be lost to space when buffeted by solar wind or stirred by collision. Planets without a thick atmosphere lack the matter necessary for primal biochemistry, have little insulation and poor heat transfer across their surfaces (for example, Mars, with its thin atmosphere, is colder than the Earth would be if it were at a similar distance from the Sun), and provide less protection against meteoroids and high-frequency radiation. Further, where an atmosphere is less dense than 0.006 Earth atmospheres, water cannot exist in liquid form as the required atmospheric pressure, 4.56 mm Hg (608 Pa) (0.18 inch Hg), does not occur. The temperature range at which water is liquid is smaller at low pressures generally.

text: Low-mass planets are poor candidates for life for two reasons. First, their lesser

text: gravity

text: makes

text: atmosphere

text: retention difficult. Constituent

text: molecule

text: s are more likely to reach

text: escape velocity

text: and be lost to space when buffeted by

text: solar wind

text: or stirred by collision. Planets without a thick atmosphere lack the matter necessary for primal

text: biochemistry

text: , have little insulation and poor

text: heat transfer

text: across their surfaces (for example,

text: Mars

text: , with its thin atmosphere, is colder than the Earth would be if it were at a similar distance from the Sun), and provide less protection against

text: meteoroid

text: s and high-frequency

text: radiation

text: . Further, where an atmosphere is less dense than 0.006 Earth atmospheres, water cannot exist in liquid form as the required

text: atmospheric pressure

text: , 4.56

text: mm Hg

text: (608 Pa) (0.18

text: inch Hg

text: ), does not occur. The temperature range at which water is liquid is smaller at low pressures generally.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: poor heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not the reason for low-mass planets being poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for low-mass planets being poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be buffeted by solar wind

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Mars?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: what is the second reason low-mass planets are poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second reason low-mass planets are poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: lack the matter necessary for primal biochemistry

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a molecule?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a reason why low-mass planets are poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a reason why low-mass planets are poor candidates for life?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: high-frequency radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind and collision

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-mass planets are poor candidates for life

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: escape velocity

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: low-mass planets

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low pressures generally

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: matter necessary for primal biochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun),

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Constituent molecules are more likely to reach escape velocity and be lost to space

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: water cannot exist in liquid form as the required atmospheric pressure,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Low-mass planets

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Low-mass planets

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: lack the matter necessary for primal biochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water cannot exist in liquid form

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: biochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: high-frequency radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: water cannot exist in liquid form

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun),

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Low-mass planets

text: Allen Taflove is a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering, since 1988.  Since 1972, he has pioneered basic theoretical approaches, numerical algorithms, and applications of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational solutions of Maxwell's equations.  He coined the descriptors "finite difference time domain" and "FDTD" in the 1980 paper, "Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to sinusoidal steady-state electromagnetic penetration problems," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 22, pp. 191–202, Aug. 1980 .  In 1990, he was the first person to be named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the FDTD area.  Prof. Taflove is the recipient of the 2014 IEEE Electromagnetics Award with the following citation: "For contributions to the development and application of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions of Maxwell's equations across the electromagnetic spectrum."

text: Allen Taflove is a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering, since 1988.  Since 1972, he has pioneered basic theoretical approaches, numerical algorithms, and applications of

text: finite-difference time-domain

text: FDTD

text: ) computational solutions of

text: Maxwell's equations

text: .  He coined the descriptors "finite difference time domain" and "FDTD" in the 1980 paper, "Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to sinusoidal steady-state electromagnetic penetration problems," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 22, pp. 191–202, Aug. 1980 .  In 1990, he was the first person to be named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (

entity_name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

text: IEEE

text: ) in the FDTD area.  Prof. Taflove is the recipient of the 2014

text: IEEE Electromagnetics Award

text: with the following citation: "For contributions to the development and application of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions of Maxwell's equations across the electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does Allen Taflove do?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Prof. Taflove work in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: FDTD

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Allen Taflove?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does Allen Taflove do?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What does Allen Taflove do for a living?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Allen Taflove do?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Allen Taflove

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: FDTD solutions of Maxwell's equations

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 191–202,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: penetration

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Allen Taflove

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: sinusoidal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sinusoidal

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic penetration problems," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: finite-difference time-domain method to sinusoidal

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 191–202,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: steady-state

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: he has pioneered basic theoretical approaches, numerical algorithms,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Allen Taflove

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 191–202,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: steady-state

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sinusoidal

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic penetration

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: steady-state

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic spectrum."

text: Krating Daeng (, , literally "red bull" or "red gaur") is a sweetened, non-carbonated energy drink developed by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The drink is sold in Southeast Asia, China, and 165 other countries. Chaleo took the name from the gaur (Thai: กระทิง ''krathing'') a large wild bovine of Southeast Asia. The Krating Daeng logo underlies its branding, with two charging bulls representing power, red signifying perseverance, and the backdrop of the sun symbolising energy. Krating Daeng became the basis for the creation of the best selling energy drink in the world, Red Bull. When he died in 2012 at age 88,  Chaleo was a multi-billionaire.

text: Krating Daeng (, , literally "red bull" or "red

text: gaur

text: ") is a sweetened, non-

text: carbonated

text: energy drink

text: developed by

text: Chaleo Yoovidhya

text: . The drink is sold in

text: Southeast Asia

text: , China, and 165 other countries. Chaleo took the name from the

text: gaur

text: (Thai: กระทิง ''krathing'') a large wild

text: bovine

text: of Southeast Asia. The Krating Daeng logo underlies its branding, with two charging bulls representing power, red signifying perseverance, and the backdrop of the sun symbolising energy. Krating Daeng became the basis for the creation of the best selling energy drink in the world,

text: Red Bull

text: . When he died in 2012 at age 88,  Chaleo was a multi-

text: billionaire

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the backdrop of the sun symbolising?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy drink: Red Bull or Krating Daeng?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The backdrop of the sun symbolising energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Red Bull

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Energy signifying perseverance

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the name of the best selling energy drink in the world?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does the backdrop of the sun symbolize?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does Chaleo Yoovidhya mean?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does Chaleo Yoovidhya mean?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the backdrop of the sun symbolize?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Red Bull

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is the background of the sun symbolising energy?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Krating Daeng

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the backdrop of the sun symbolising energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: What does Chaleo Yoovidhya do?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: red signifying perseverance

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: non-carbonated

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Krating Daeng

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Red Bull.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: non-carbonated energy drink developed by Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power, red signifying perseverance,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Red Bull.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-carbonated

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Chaleo Yoovidhya.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: non-carbonated

text: The transfer of energy from one chemical substance to another depends on the size of energy quanta emitted from one substance. However, heat energy is often transferred more easily from almost any substance to another because the phonons responsible for vibrational and rotational energy levels in a substance have much less energy than photons invoked for the electronic energy transfer. Thus, because vibrational and rotational energy levels are more closely spaced than electronic energy levels, heat is more easily transferred between substances relative to light or other forms of electronic energy. For example, ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation is not transferred with as much efficacy from one substance to another as thermal or electrical energy.

text: The transfer of energy from one chemical substance to another depends on the size of energy

text: quanta

text: emitted from one substance. However, heat energy is often transferred more easily from almost any substance to another because the

text: phonons

text: responsible for vibrational and rotational energy levels in a substance have much less energy than

text: photons

text: invoked for the electronic energy transfer. Thus, because vibrational and rotational energy levels are more closely spaced than electronic energy levels, heat is more easily transferred between substances relative to light or other forms of electronic energy. For example, ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation is not transferred with as much efficacy from one substance to another as thermal or electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is not transferred with as much efficacy from one substance to another

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vibrational

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: light or other forms of electronic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be transferred with as much efficacy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy quanta

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: heat energy is often transferred more easily from almost any substance to another

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat being more easily transferred

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal or electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The transfer of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronic energy transfer.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: light or other forms of electronic energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: phonons

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal or electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat

text: Climate engineering consists of carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Since the amount of carbon dioxide determines the radiative balance of Earth atmosphere, carbon dioxide removal techniques can be applied to reduce the radiative forcing. Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation to offset the effects of greenhouse gases.

text: Climate engineering

text: consists of

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: and

text: solar radiation management

text: . Since the amount of

text: carbon dioxide

text: determines the

text: radiative balance

text: of Earth atmosphere, carbon dioxide removal techniques can be applied to reduce the

text: radiative forcing

text: . Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation to offset the effects of

text: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, carbon dioxide, or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation to offset the effects of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation management.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon dioxide removal techniques can be applied to reduce the radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: carbon dioxide removal techniques can be applied to reduce the radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Solar radiation management is the attempt to absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative balance

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorb less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: less solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases.

text: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. Due to the limited size of the SNO detector in comparison with Super-K the low cosmic ray neutrino signal is not statistically significant at neutrino energies below 1 GeV.

text: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos produced by

text: cosmic ray

text: interactions in the atmosphere. Due to the limited size of the SNO detector in comparison with Super-K the low cosmic ray neutrino signal is not statistically significant at neutrino energies below 1

text: GeV

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is produced by cosmic ray interactions?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is not possible?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the SNO experiment was able to observe atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric neutrinos produced

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic ray interactions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic ray interactions

text: A carbon-neutral fuel is a synthetic fuel – such as methane, gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel – produced from renewable or nuclear energy used to hydrogenate waste carbon dioxide recycled from power plant flue-gas emissions, recovered from automotive exhaust gas, or derived from carbonic acid in seawater.Such fuels are carbon-neutral because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.To the extent that carbon-neutral fuels displace fossil fuels, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in negative carbon dioxide emission and net carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of greenhouse gas remediation.Such fuels are produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in turn in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer–Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels.

text: A carbon-neutral fuel is a

text: synthetic fuel

text: – such as

text: methane

text: gasoline

text: diesel fuel

text: or

text: jet fuel

text: – produced from renewable or

text: nuclear energy

text: used to

text: hydrogenate

text: waste

text: carbon dioxide

text: recycled from

entity_name: Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion

text: power plant flue-gas emissions

text: , recovered from automotive

text: exhaust gas

text: , or derived from

text: carbonic acid

text: in

text: seawater

text: .Such fuels are carbon-neutral because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es.To the extent that carbon-neutral fuels displace

text: fossil fuel

text: s, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to

text: carbon capture

text: at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in

text: negative carbon dioxide emission

text: and net

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of

text: greenhouse gas remediation

text: .Such fuels are produced by the

text: electrolysis of water

text: to make

text: hydrogen

text: used in turn in the

text: Sabatier reaction

text: to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in

text: power plants

text: as synthetic

text: natural gas

text: , transported by

text: pipeline

text: truck

text: , or

text: tanker ship

text: , or be used in

text: gas to liquids

text: processes such as the

text: Fischer–Tropsch process

text: to make traditional transportation or heating

text: fuel

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Fischer–Tropsch

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: jet fuel

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a synthetic fuel

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrolysis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isotopes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable or nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel is a synthetic fuel

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gas to liquids processes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transporting it

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrolysis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases.To

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbonic acid in seawater.Such

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.To

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transportation or heating fuels.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Fischer–Tropsch process

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: carbonic acid in seawater.Such

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: carbon-neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable or nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.To

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: carbonic acid in seawater.Such

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels,

text: HAWC detects electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays which hit the Earth's atmosphere. HAWC is sensitive to showers produced by primary cosmic rays with energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV.

text: HAWC detects

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: from

text: air showers

text: produced by high energy cosmic rays which hit the Earth's atmosphere. HAWC is sensitive to showers produced by primary cosmic rays with energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does HAWC detect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: primary

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does HAWC have

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: HAWC is sensitive to showers produced by primary cosmic rays with energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays hitting Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: HAWC

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: HAWC

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: showers

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 100 GeV and 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: HAWC detects electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation from air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air showers produced by high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: high energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high energy cosmic rays

text: The use of fossil fuels raises serious environmental concerns. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide (CO) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year (one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12 or 3.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide). Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response, which the vast majority of climate scientists agree will cause major adverse effects. A global movement towards the generation of renewable energy is therefore under way to help reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.

text: The use of fossil fuels raises serious environmental concerns. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion

text: tonnes

text: gigatonne

text: s) of

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year (one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12 or 3.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide). Carbon dioxide is one of the

text: greenhouse gas

text: es that enhances

text: radiative forcing

text: and contributes to

text: global warming

text: , causing the

text: average surface temperature

text: of the Earth to rise in response, which

text: the vast majority of climate scientists

text: agree will cause major

text: adverse effects

text: . A global movement towards the generation of

text: renewable energy

text: is therefore under way to help reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response to global warming?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: natural processes can only absorb about half

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (one tonne of atmospheric carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: One of the major issues that this engine encountered while being developed was that the efficiency of this model was extremely poor in real applications. Because the heat source is not contained to a specific area, only a small portion of the potential fuel is being consumed to power the engine. Because Engine efficiency is defined by the relationship between the amount of work done and the potential energy in the fuel consumed, it can be seen that in the vacuum engine only a small amount of the burning fuel is being used to power the engine. The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

text: One of the major issues that this engine encountered while being developed was that the efficiency of this model was extremely poor in real applications. Because the heat source is not contained to a specific area, only a small portion of the potential fuel is being consumed to power the engine. Because

text: Engine efficiency

text: is defined by the relationship between the amount of work done and the potential energy in the fuel consumed, it can be seen that in the vacuum engine only a small amount of the burning fuel is being used to power the engine. The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Fuel energy be lost to the surrounding atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the vacuum engine?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy lost to the surrounding atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of engine?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Engine efficiency is defined by the relationship

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is consumed to power the engine

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: potential energy in the fuel consumed

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, heat, or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fuel and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: vacuum engines

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in engine efficiency

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the surrounding atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fuel

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat source is not contained to a specific area,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat source is not contained to a specific area,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the heat source is not contained to a specific area,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Engine efficiency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: vacuum engine

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the heat source is not contained to a specific area,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

text: A wave consists of successive troughs and crests, and the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is called the wavelength. Waves of the electromagnetic spectrum vary in size, from very long radio waves the size of buildings to very short gamma rays smaller than atom nuclei. Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, according to the equation:

text: A wave consists of successive troughs and crests, and the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is called the

text: wavelength

text: . Waves of the electromagnetic spectrum vary in size, from very long radio waves the size of buildings to very short gamma rays smaller than atom nuclei. Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, according to the equation:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The campers sit around the campfire by conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for a wave that consists of successive waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: trough

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wavelength

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a wavelength of ______________________________________________________________________________________________

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does it occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is inversely proportional

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wavelength

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Waves of the electromagnetic spectrum vary in size

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: waves with shorter wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: crests,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atom nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio waves the size of buildings

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atom nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wave

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wave

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Frequency

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: wavelength.

text: Even though many studies have been undertaken in this area, neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature. Recent studies have demonstrated that direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy), but that there is not enough information about indirect effects to know whether or how often back-fire occurs. Economists tend to the first position, but most governments, businesses, and environmental groups adhere to the second. Governments and environmental groups often advocate further research into fuel efficiency and radical increases in the efficient use of energy as the primary means for reducing energy use and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (to alleviate the impacts of climate change). However, if the first position more accurately reflects economic reality, current efforts to invent fuel-efficient technologies may not much reduce energy use, and may in fact paradoxically increase oil and coal consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, over the long run.

text: Even though many studies have been undertaken in this area, neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature. Recent studies have demonstrated that direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy), but that there is not enough information about indirect effects to know whether or how often back-fire occurs. Economists tend to the first position, but most governments, businesses, and environmental groups adhere to the second. Governments and environmental groups often advocate further research into fuel efficiency and radical increases in the efficient use of energy as the primary means for reducing energy use and reducing

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions (to alleviate the impacts of

text: climate change

text: ). However, if the first position more accurately reflects economic reality, current efforts to invent fuel-efficient technologies may not much reduce energy use, and may in fact paradoxically increase

text: oil

text: and

text: coal

text: consumption, and

text: greenhouse gas

text: emissions, over the long run.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: back-fire

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: direct rebound effects are significant

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase oil and coal consumption

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a direct rebound effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: invent fuel-efficient technologies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: efforts

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Oil and coal consumption

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radical increases in the efficient use of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: back-fire

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy),

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy),

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: back-fire

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: back-fire occurs.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy),

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy),

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fuel-efficient technologies

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neither position has yet claimed a consensus view in the academic literature.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: oil and coal

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30%

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy),

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: direct rebound effects

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: direct rebound effects are significant (about 30% for energy),

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: climate change).

text: The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

text: The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a planet's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It does not.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not affect the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to warm a planet

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a planet's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiation from a planet's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: without its atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiation from a planet's atmosphere

text: An Atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere, such as the Earth's.

text: An Atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates

text: radiative transfer

text: of electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere, such as the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is an example of radiative transfer?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of radiative transfer?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of radiative transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: isotope

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: An Atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: An Atmospheric radiative transfer model,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmospheric radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Atmospheric radiative transfer model,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric radiative transfer model,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Atmospheric radiative transfer model,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: simulator calculates radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: An Atmospheric radiative transfer model,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: An Atmospheric radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: planetary atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: The major atmospheric constituents, nitrogen (), oxygen (), and argon (Ar), are not greenhouse gases because molecules containing two atoms of the same element such as  and  and monatomic molecules such as argon (Ar) have no net change in the distribution of their electrical charges when they vibrate and hence are almost totally unaffected by infrared radiation. Although molecules containing two atoms of different elements such as carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) absorb infrared radiation, these molecules are short-lived in the atmosphere owing to their reactivity and solubility. Therefore, they do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect and usually are omitted when discussing greenhouse gases.

text: The major atmospheric constituents,

text: nitrogen

text: oxygen

text: (), and

text: argon

text: (Ar), are not greenhouse gases because

text: molecules containing two atoms of the same element

text: such as  and  and

text: monatomic

text: molecules such as argon (Ar) have no net change in the

text: distribution of their electrical charges

text: when they vibrate and hence are almost totally unaffected by

text: infrared radiation

text: . Although molecules containing two atoms of different elements such as

text: carbon monoxide

text: (CO) or

text: hydrogen chloride

text: (HCl) absorb infrared radiation, these molecules are short-lived in the atmosphere owing to their reactivity and solubility. Therefore, they do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect and usually are omitted when discussing greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a major atmospheric constituent: nitrogen (), oxygen (), and argon (Ar)

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is infrared radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: hydrogen chloride

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon monoxide absorb infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: reactivity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical charges

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: are short-lived in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules containing two atoms of the same element

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electrical charges

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: unaffected by infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical charges

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical charges

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric constituents,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared radiation.

text: When a high-energy (TeV) gamma photon or cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere, it may produce an electron-positron pair with enormous velocities. The Cherenkov radiation emitted in the atmosphere by these charged particles is used to determine the direction and energy of the cosmic ray or gamma ray, which is used for example in the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT), by experiments such as VERITAS, H.E.S.S., MAGIC. Cherenkov radiation emitted in tanks filled with water by those charged particles reaching earth is used for the same goal by the Extensive Air Shower experiment HAWC, the Pierre Auger Observatory and other projects. Similar methods are used in very large neutrino detectors, such as the Super-Kamiokande, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) and IceCube. Other projects operated in the past applying related techniques, such as STACEE, a former solar tower refurbished to work as a non-imaging Cherenkov observatory, which was located in New Mexico.

text: When a high-energy (

text: TeV

text: gamma photon

text: or

text: cosmic ray

text: interacts with the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , it may produce an electron-

text: positron

text: pair

text: with enormous velocities. The Cherenkov radiation emitted in the atmosphere by these charged particles is used to determine the direction and energy of the cosmic ray or gamma ray, which is used for example in the

text: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique

text: IACT

text: ), by experiments such as

text: VERITAS

text: H.E.S.S.

text: MAGIC

text: . Cherenkov radiation emitted in tanks filled with water by those charged particles reaching earth is used for the same goal by the Extensive Air Shower experiment

entity_name: High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment

text: HAWC

text: , the

text: Pierre Auger Observatory

text: and other projects. Similar methods are used in very large

text: neutrino

text: detectors, such as the

text: Super-Kamiokande

text: , the

text: Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)

text: and

text: IceCube

text: . Other projects operated in the past applying related techniques, such as

text: STACEE

text: , a former solar tower refurbished to work as a non-imaging Cherenkov observatory, which was located in

text: New Mexico

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is Cherenkov radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Air Shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: TeV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce an electron-positron pair with enormous velocities

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Other projects operated in the past applying related techniques

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron-positron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air shower

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not used to determine the direction and energy of the cosmic ray?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma photon

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Cherenkov radiation emitted in tanks filled with water by those charged particles reaching earth is used for the same goal

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: HAWC

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma photon or cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electron-positron pair with enormous velocities.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: When a high-energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Air Shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electron-positron pair with enormous velocities.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: When a high-energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electron-positron pair

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Air Shower experiment HAWC,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy of the cosmic ray or gamma ray,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: refurbished to work as a non-imaging Cherenkov observatory,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cherenkov radiation emitted in tanks filled with water

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electron-positron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron-positron pair

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: (TeV) gamma photon

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electron-positron pair

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma photon or cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Air Shower

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: direction and energy of the cosmic ray or gamma ray,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere,

text: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window in the atmospheric energy balance was discovered by George Simpson in 1928, based on G. Hettner's 1918 laboratory studies of the gap in the absorption spectrum of water vapor. In those days, computers were not available, and Simpson notes that he used approximations; he writes: "There is no hope of getting an exact solution; but by making suitable simplifying assumptions . . . ." Nowadays, accurate line-by-line computations are possible, and careful studies of the infrared atmospheric window have been published.

text: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window in the atmospheric energy balance was discovered by

text: George Simpson

text: in 1928, based on G. Hettner's 1918 laboratory studies of the gap in the absorption spectrum of water vapor. In those days, computers were not available, and Simpson notes that he used approximations; he writes: "There is no hope of getting an exact solution; but by making suitable simplifying assumptions . . . ." Nowadays, accurate line-by-line computations are possible, and careful studies of the infrared atmospheric window have been published.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: water vapor, gas, or air?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the absorption spectrum of water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: how does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release: chemical energy or infrared atmospheric window?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: There is no hope of getting an exact solution

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric energy balance

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: computers were not available,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: absorption spectrum of water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: importance of the infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "There is no hope of getting an exact solution;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: computers were not available,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption spectrum of water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The importance of the infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The importance of the infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption spectrum of water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: exact solution;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor.

text: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health vary widely depending on the frequency and intensity of the fields. For more information on the health effects due to specific parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, see the following articles:

text: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health vary widely depending on the frequency and intensity of the fields. For more information on the health effects due to specific parts of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , see the following articles:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: A campfire is a source of heat.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a source of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are a type of

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature fluctuating.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic fields on human health

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: following

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The potential effects of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic fields

text: A Microwave radiometer (MWR) is a radiometer that measures energy emitted at sub-millimetre-to-centimetre wavelengths (at frequencies of 1–1000 GHz) known as microwaves. Microwave radiometers are very sensitive receivers designed to measure thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by material media like the atmosphere. They are usually equipped with multiple receiving channels in order to derive the characteristic emission spectrum of the atmosphere or extraterrestrial objects. Microwave radiometers are utilized in a variety of environmental and engineering applications, including weather forecasting, climate monitoring, radio astronomy and radio propagation studies.

text: A Microwave radiometer (MWR) is a

text: radiometer

text: that measures energy emitted at sub-millimetre-to-centimetre wavelengths (at frequencies of 1–1000

text: GHz

text: ) known as

text: microwaves

text: . Microwave radiometers are very sensitive receivers designed to measure thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted by material media like the atmosphere. They are usually equipped with multiple receiving channels in order to derive the characteristic emission spectrum of the atmosphere or extraterrestrial objects. Microwave radiometers are utilized in a variety of environmental and engineering applications, including

text: weather forecasting

text: , climate monitoring,

text: radio astronomy

text: and radio propagation studies.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a material media?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which is not the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1000 GHz

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Microwave radiometers

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of thermal electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic emission spectrum of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Microwave radiometers are utilized in a variety of environmental and engineering applications

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: centimetre

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: microwave radiometers are very sensitive receivers designed to measure thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Microwave radiometers

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: material media

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: characteristic emission spectrum of the atmosphere or extraterrestrial objects.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: extraterrestrial objects.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a variety of environmental and engineering applications,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A Microwave radiometer

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: extraterrestrial objects.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: extraterrestrial objects.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate monitoring,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal electromagnetic radiation

text: Greenhouse is an American hip hop group from Columbus, Ohio. Originally formed as Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest, it consists of Blueprint and Illogic.

text: Greenhouse is an American hip hop group from

text: Columbus, Ohio

text: . Originally formed as Greenhouse Effect by

text: Blueprint

text: , Inkwel, and Manifest, it consists of Blueprint and

text: Illogic

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouse is a member of what group?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does Illogic mean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Greenhouse is an American hip hop group

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse is not a hip hop group.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: hip hop

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Greenhouse is an American hip hop group

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Greenhouse Effect by Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Blueprint, Inkwel, and Manifest,

text: In contrast to the previously bleak picture for life, 1997 studies by Robert Haberle and Manoj Joshi of NASA's Ames Research Center in California have shown that a planet's atmosphere (assuming it included greenhouse gases CO and HO) need only be 100 millibar, or 10% of Earth's atmosphere, for the star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side, a figure well within the bounds of photosynthesis. Research two years later by Martin Heath of Greenwich Community College has shown that seawater, too, could effectively circulate without freezing solid if the ocean basins were deep enough to allow free flow beneath the night side's ice cap. Additionally, a 2010 study concluded that Earth-like water worlds tidally locked to their stars would still have temperatures above  on the night side. Climate models constructed in 2013 indicate that cloud formation on tidally locked planets would minimize the temperature difference between the day and the night side, greatly improving habitability prospects for red dwarf planets. Further research, including a consideration of the amount of photosynthetically active radiation, has suggested that tidally locked planets in red dwarf systems might at least be habitable for higher plants.

text: In contrast to the previously bleak picture for life, 1997 studies by Robert Haberle and Manoj Joshi of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Ames Research Center

text: in California have shown that a planet's atmosphere (assuming it included greenhouse gases

text: CO

text: and

text: HO

text: ) need only be 100 milli

text: bar

text: , or 10% of Earth's atmosphere, for the star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side, a figure well within the bounds of photosynthesis. Research two years later by Martin Heath of

text: Greenwich Community College

text: has shown that seawater, too, could effectively circulate without freezing solid if the ocean basins were deep enough to allow free flow beneath the night side's ice cap. Additionally, a 2010 study concluded that Earth-like

text: water worlds

text: tidally locked to their stars would still have temperatures above  on the night side. Climate models constructed in 2013 indicate that cloud formation on tidally locked planets would minimize the temperature difference between the day and the night side, greatly improving habitability prospects for red dwarf planets. Further research, including a consideration of the amount of photosynthetically active radiation, has suggested that tidally locked planets in red dwarf systems might at least be habitable for higher plants.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: CO and HO?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the star's heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tidally

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are long and very high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be carried to the night side

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: CO and HO?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: CO and HO

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: greatly improving habitability prospects

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: red dwarf systems

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: red dwarf planets

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CO and HO

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: seawater

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: habitability prospects for red dwarf planets

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: star's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photosynthetically active radiation,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: star's heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photosynthetically active radiation,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photosynthetically active radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photosynthetically active radiation,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: habitable for higher plants.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 10% of Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO and HO)

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: star's heat to be effectively carried to the night side,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases CO and HO)

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: seawater,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperatures above on the night side.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: star's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases CO and HO)

text: Energy in many of its forms may be used in natural processes, or to provide some service to society such  as heating, refrigeration, light, or performing mechanical energy to operate machines. For example, an internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy in gasoline and oxygen into thermal energy which, by causing pressure and performing work on the pistons, is transformed into the mechanical energy that accelerates the vehicle (increasing its kinetic energy). A thermal or heat energy converts the chemical energy into mechanical energy that can then be used in a party.

text: Energy in many of its forms may be used in natural processes, or to provide some service to society such  as heating, refrigeration,

text: light

text: , or performing mechanical energy to operate machines. For example, an

text: internal combustion engine

text: converts the potential

text: chemical energy

text: in gasoline and oxygen into thermal energy which, by causing pressure and performing work on the pistons, is transformed into the mechanical energy that accelerates the vehicle (increasing its

text: kinetic energy

text: ). A

text: thermal or heat energy

text: converts the chemical energy into mechanical energy that can then be used in a party.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: chemical energy, light, or mechanical energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to provide some service to society

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a car

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What can be used to provide some service to society such as heating?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is transformed into the mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used in a party

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is used in natural processes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be used in natural processes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be used

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heating, refrigeration, light, and mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: A thermal or heat energy converts the chemical energy into mechanical energy that can then be used in a party.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a party

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: using a vehicle

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heating

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: natural processes

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy).

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating, refrigeration, light,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: oxygen into thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heating, refrigeration, light,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy).

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heating, refrigeration, light, or performing mechanical energy to operate machines.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a party.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: internal combustion engine

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heating, refrigeration, light,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages. There have been at least five such ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is currently in an ice age, in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in

text: ice ages

text: . There have been at least five such ice ages in the

text: Earth

text: 's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is

text: currently in an ice age

text: , in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause ice ages

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that causes ice ages: the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, or meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that causes ice ages: the energy received from the sun, volcanos, or meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that causes ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, or the energy received from the sun?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: the energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: the energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of ice ages: changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a factor that causes ice ages?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: the energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the energy received from the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high latitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: changes to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ice-free even in high latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ice-free even in high latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: the energy received from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ice-free

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy received from the sun,

text: Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona), when the plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of Kelvin, while the cosmic-ray-like electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. They produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays, although most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior.Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not well established.

text: Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (

text: photosphere

text: chromosphere

text: , and

text: corona

text: ), when the

text: plasma

text: medium is heated to tens of millions of

text: Kelvin

text: , while the

text: cosmic-ray

text: -like

text: electron

text: s,

text: proton

text: s, and heavier

text: ion

text: s are accelerated to near the

text: speed of light

text: . They produce

text: radiation

text: across the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: at all

text: wavelength

text: s, from

text: radio waves

text: to

text: gamma ray

text: s, although most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around

text: sunspot

text: s, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the

text: photosphere

text: to link the

text: corona

text: to the solar interior.Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce

text: coronal mass ejections

text: (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not well established.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum do they produce radiation across?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ejections

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How do solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is still not well established

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or solar flares?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radio waves to gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sunspots

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CMEs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plasma medium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radio waves to gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: coronal mass ejections

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio waves to gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: coronal mass ejections (CME),

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: intense magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: magnetic energy stored in the corona.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic energy stored in the corona.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio waves to gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radio waves to gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: visible to the naked eye

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: active regions around sunspots,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar flares

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar flares

text: Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere to increase their velocity to the point where they can escape from Earth's gravity. This causes a slow but steady loss of the atmosphere into space. Because unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass, it can achieve escape velocity more readily, and it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases. The leakage of hydrogen into space contributes to the shifting of Earth's atmosphere and surface from an initially reducing state to its current oxidizing one. Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere. Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth. In the current, oxygen-rich atmosphere most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape. Instead, most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere.

text: Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere to increase their velocity to the point where they can escape from Earth's gravity. This causes a slow but steady

text: loss of the atmosphere into space

text: . Because unfixed

text: hydrogen

text: has a low

text: molecular mass

text: , it can achieve

text: escape velocity

text: more readily, and it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases. The leakage of hydrogen into space contributes to the shifting of Earth's atmosphere and surface from an initially

text: reducing

text: state to its current

text: oxidizing

text: one. Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere. Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth. In the current, oxygen-rich atmosphere most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape. Instead, most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does thermal energy cause?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a slow but steady loss of the atmosphere into space

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of free oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy: thermal energy, chemical energy, or chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a faster loss of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth's gravity.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: destruction of methane

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: escape from Earth's gravity.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a slow but steady loss of the atmosphere into space.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Thermal energy

text: is less than one, a greater proportion of the available energy at the surface is passed to the atmosphere as latent heat than as sensible heat, and the converse is true for values of

text: is less than one, a greater proportion of the available energy at the surface is passed to the atmosphere as latent heat than as sensible heat, and the converse is true for values of

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: it is a thermal conductor

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to determine the direction of a wave

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: it is a hot substance

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as resonators

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: It is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by a layer of ice

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It is too thin.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: They have more energy because they are moving.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: It does not happen in the lower atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: It does not.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: less

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill that can be learned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: It is a color of light.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected by a microscope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: latent heat and sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a greater proportion of the available energy at the surface is passed to the atmosphere as latent heat

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: latent heat and sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: latent heat passing to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: latent

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: latent heat in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: less than one,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: latent heat than as sensible heat,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: one,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: is less than one,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: less than one,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a greater proportion of the available energy

text: Energy in fluid is contained in four different forms: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure, kinetic energy from the velocity and finally thermal energy. Gravitational and thermal energy have a negligible effect on the energy extraction process. From a macroscopic point of view, the air flow about the wind turbine is at atmospheric pressure. If pressure is constant then only kinetic energy is extracted. However up close near the rotor itself the air velocity is constant as it passes through the rotor plane. This is because of conservation of mass. The air that passes through the rotor cannot slow down because it needs to stay out of the way of the air behind it. So at the rotor the energy is extracted by a pressure drop. The air directly behind the wind turbine is at sub-atmospheric pressure; the air in front is under greater than atmospheric pressure. It is this high pressure in front of the wind turbine that deflects some of the upstream air around the turbine.

text: Energy in fluid is contained in four different forms:

text: gravitational potential energy

text: thermodynamic pressure

text: kinetic energy

text: from the velocity and finally

text: thermal energy

text: . Gravitational and thermal energy have a negligible effect on the energy extraction process. From a macroscopic point of view, the air flow about the wind turbine is at atmospheric pressure. If pressure is constant then only kinetic energy is extracted. However up close near the rotor itself the air velocity is constant as it passes through the rotor plane. This is because of

text: conservation of mass

text: . The air that passes through the rotor cannot slow down because it needs to stay out of the way of the air behind it. So at the rotor the energy is extracted by a pressure drop. The air directly behind the wind turbine is at sub-

text: atmospheric pressure

text: ; the air in front is under greater than atmospheric pressure. It is this high pressure in front of the wind turbine that deflects some of the upstream air around the turbine.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure, kinetic energy or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: a pressure drop

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal energy have a negligible effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure, kinetic energy or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy from the velocity

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: gravitational potential energy, thermodynamic pressure, kinetic energy from the velocity or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Gravitational potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: gravity and thermal energy have a negligible effect on the energy extraction process

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wind Turbines

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational potential energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal energy. Gravitational and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: conservation of mass.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Energy in fluid is contained in four different forms: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The air that passes through the rotor cannot slow down

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy in fluid is contained in four different forms: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sub-atmospheric pressure;

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sub-atmospheric pressure;

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy in fluid is contained in four different forms: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: pressure drop.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind turbine is at atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Gravitational and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: rotor plane.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: wind turbine is at atmospheric pressure.

text: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System. This suggests that methane must be replenished by a reservoir on or within Titan itself. The ultimate origin of the methane in its atmosphere may be its interior, released via eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

text: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System. This suggests that methane must be replenished by a reservoir on or within Titan itself. The ultimate origin of the methane in its atmosphere may be its interior, released via eruptions from

text: cryovolcanoes

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the final origin of the methane in its atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the sun produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: short wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The ultimate origin of the methane in its atmosphere may be its interior

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Titan's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: methane in its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: short time compared to the age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: methane must be replenished

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: years—a short time compared to the age of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy from the Sun

text: is latitude, and z is the geometric elevation. Thus geopotential is the gravitational potential energy per unit mass at that elevation h.

text: is latitude, and z is the geometric elevation. Thus geopotential is the gravitational potential energy per unit mass at that elevation h.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere if it is at a high altitude.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this statement?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of geopotential?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be measured by the ability of a person to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy is a property of matter.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: reaches the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a change in the Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: latitude,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: z is the geometric elevation. Thus geopotential

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is latitude, and z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: z is the geometric elevation. Thus geopotential

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: z is the geometric elevation. Thus geopotential

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: z is the geometric elevation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: latitude,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: latitude,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: latitude,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: geopotential

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: latitude,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: geopotential

text: Climate sensitivity is often evaluated in terms of the change in equilibrium temperature due to radiative forcing due to the greenhouse effect.  According to the Arrhenius relation, the radiative forcing (and hence the change in temperature) is proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of infrared-absorbing gasses in the atmosphere.  Thus, the sensitivity of temperature to gasses in the atmosphere (most notably carbon dioxide) is often expressed in terms of the change in temperature per doubling of the concentration of the gas.

text: Climate sensitivity is often evaluated in terms of the change in equilibrium temperature due to radiative forcing due to the

text: greenhouse effect

text: .  According to the

text: Arrhenius

text: relation, the radiative forcing (and hence the change in temperature) is proportional to the

text: logarithm

text: of the concentration of

text: infrared

text: -absorbing gasses in the atmosphere.  Thus, the sensitivity of temperature to gasses in the atmosphere (most notably

text: carbon dioxide

text: ) is often expressed in terms of the change in temperature per doubling of the concentration of the gas.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change in equilibrium temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the Arrhenius relation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the Arrhenius relation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the change in temperature per doubling of the concentration of the gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate sensitivity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Climate sensitivity is often evaluated in terms of the change in equilibrium temperature

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing due to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Arrhenius relation,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Arrhenius relation,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared-absorbing gasses

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Arrhenius relation,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared-absorbing gasses

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Arrhenius relation,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Arrhenius relation,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Climate sensitivity is often evaluated in terms of the change in equilibrium temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: doubling

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiative forcing due to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing due to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Climate sensitivity is often evaluated in terms of the change in equilibrium temperature

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared-absorbing gasses

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: doubling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared-absorbing

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared-absorbing gasses in the atmosphere.

text: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change. Climate change is caused by three major factors which are the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, and changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface. The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight. Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space. Greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb energy which cause a blanketing effect that warms the earth. Aerosols such as black carbon also catalyze the warming effect as they are unreflective and absorb energy from the sun supplementing greenhouse gases in the warming effect.

text: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change. Climate change is caused by three major factors which are the greenhouse effect, variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, and changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface. The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight. Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space. Greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb energy which cause a blanketing effect that warms the earth. Aerosols such as black carbon also catalyze the warming effect as they are unreflective and absorb energy from the sun supplementing greenhouse gases in the warming effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change: variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface, or the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change: variation in the sun's energy that reaches Earth, changes in reflectivity within Earth's atmosphere and its surface, or the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb energy which cause a blanketing effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: methane, greenhouse gases, or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a major factor in climate change?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: black carbon

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: black carbon

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The world's oceans are warming due to climate change.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: black carbon

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is either retained or sent into space.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Climate change is caused by three major factors which are the greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases that absorb sunlight.

text: This low mass star has a stellar classification of M4 V, which places it among a category of stars known as red dwarfs. It has 15% of the mass of the Sun and 21% of the Sun's radius, but generates energy so slowly that it has only 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity. However, most of the energy being radiated by the star is in the infrared band, with the bolometric luminosity being equal to 0.35% of solar. This energy is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 3,180 K. This gives it the cool orange-red glow of an M-type star.

text: This low mass star has a

text: stellar classification

text: of M4 V, which places it among a category of stars known as

text: red dwarf

text: s. It has 15% of the mass of the Sun and 21% of the Sun's radius, but generates energy so slowly that it has only 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity. However, most of the energy being radiated by the star is in the

text: infrared band

text: , with the

text: bolometric luminosity

text: being equal to 0.35% of solar. This energy is being radiated from the star's

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 3,180 K. This gives it the cool orange-red glow of an

text: M-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What color is the star's glow?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: bolometric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: How much of the Sun's visible luminosity does the star have?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is being radiated

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: bolometric luminosity

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: orange-red or deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared and solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun's visible luminosity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared band

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: bolometric luminosity

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generates energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: red dwarfs.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: orange-red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 0.036% of the Sun's visible luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: orange-red glow of an M-type star.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared band,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: star's outer atmosphere

text: From outer space, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays reach Earth. These consist of single sub-atomic particles (protons or atomic nuclei), each with energy levels beyond 10 eV. When such a single particle reaches Earth atmosphere, it has its energy dissipated by creating billions of other particles: electrons, photons and muons, all near the speed of light. These particles spread longitudinal (perpendicular to the single particle incoming route), creating a forward moving plane of particles, with higher intensities near the axis. Such an incident is called an "air shower". Passing through the atmosphere, this plane of particles creates UV light, invisible to the human eye, called the fluorescing effect, more or less in the pattern of straight lightning traces. These traces can be photographed at high speed by specialised telescopes, called Fluorescence Detectors, overlooking an area with at a slight elevation. Then, when the particles reach the Earth surface, they can be detected when they arrive in a water tank, where they cause visible blue light due to the Cherenkov effect. A sensitive photoelectric tube can catch these impacts. Such a station is called a water Cherenkov Detector or 'tank'. The Auger Observatory has both types of detectors covering the same area, which allows for very precise measurements.

text: From outer space, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays reach Earth. These consist of single

text: sub-atomic particle

text: s (

text: proton

text: s or

text: atomic nuclei

text: ), each with energy levels beyond 10

text: eV

text: . When such a single particle reaches Earth atmosphere, it has its energy dissipated by creating billions of other particles:

text: electron

text: s,

text: photon

text: s and

text: muon

text: s, all near the speed of light. These particles spread longitudinal (perpendicular to the single particle incoming route), creating a forward moving plane of particles, with higher intensities near the axis. Such an incident is called an "

text: air shower

text: ". Passing through the atmosphere, this plane of particles creates UV light, invisible to the human eye, called the fluorescing effect, more or less in the pattern of straight lightning traces. These traces can be photographed at high speed by specialised telescopes, called Fluorescence Detectors, overlooking an area with at a slight elevation. Then, when the particles reach the Earth surface, they can be detected when they arrive in a water tank, where they cause visible blue light due to the

text: Cherenkov effect

text: . A sensitive photoelectric tube can catch these impacts. Such a station is called a water Cherenkov Detector or 'tank'. The Auger Observatory has both types of detectors covering the same area, which allows for very precise measurements.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a particle: electrons, photons or muons?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is created by cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause visible blue light due to what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle: protons or atomic nuclei?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of detector?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a particle: electrons, photons or muons?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What allows for very precise measurements?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of detector?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is visible blue light due to the Cherenkov effect?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is the Cherenkov effect?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons, photons and muons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a sensitive photoelectric tube can catch these impacts

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air showers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Which of the following is not caused by cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles: electrons, photons and muons,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrons, photons and muons,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: UV light,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 10 eV.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cherenkov effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy dissipated

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: very precise measurements.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water Cherenkov Detector

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: single sub-atomic particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: fluorescing effect,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: blue

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fluorescing effect,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrons, photons and muons,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons, photons and muons,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy dissipated

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "air shower".

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer space,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

text: The core produces almost all of the Sun's heat via fusion: the rest of the star is heated by the outward transfer of heat from the core. The energy produced by fusion in the core, except a small part carried out by neutrinos, must travel through many successive layers to the solar photosphere before it escapes into space as sunlight or kinetic energy of particles. The energy conversion per unit time (power) of fusion in the core varies with distance from the solar center. At the center of the Sun, fusion power is estimated by models to be about 276.5 watts/m. Despite its intense temperature, the peak power generating density of the core overall is similar to an active compost heap, and is lower than the power density produced by the metabolism of an adult human. The Sun is much hotter than a compost heap due to the Sun's enormous volume.

text: The core produces almost all of the Sun's

text: heat

text: via

text: fusion

text: : the rest of the star is heated by the outward transfer of heat from the core. The energy produced by fusion in the core, except a small part carried out by

text: neutrinos

text: , must travel through many successive layers to the

text: solar photosphere

text: before it escapes into space as

text: sunlight

text: or

text: kinetic energy

text: of particles. The energy conversion per unit time (power) of fusion in the core varies with distance from the solar center. At the center of the Sun, fusion power is estimated by models to be about 276.5 watts/m. Despite its intense temperature, the peak power generating density of the core overall is similar to an active

text: compost heap

text: , and is lower than the power density produced by the metabolism of an adult human. The Sun is much hotter than a compost heap due to the Sun's enormous volume.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do neutrinos produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a star

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the energy produced by fusion in the core?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: metabolism of an adult human

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer: conduction or fusion?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or fusion?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight and kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fusion power is estimated by models to be about 276.5 watts/m

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the solar photosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight or kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy conversion per unit time (power) of fusion in the core

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the outward transfer of heat from the core

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fusion:

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fusion:

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: many successive layers

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The core produces almost all of the Sun's heat via fusion:

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: neutrinos,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sunlight or kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neutrinos,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The core produces almost all of the Sun's heat via fusion:

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: fusion:

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: neutrinos,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: metabolism of an adult human.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The core produces almost all of the Sun's heat via fusion:

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fusion:

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: neutrinos,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: compost heap,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight or kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: compost heap

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: neutrinos, must travel through many successive layers to the solar photosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight or kinetic energy of particles.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The energy conversion per unit time (power) of fusion in the core

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fusion:

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fusion:

text: In the video game Chrono Trigger (1995), the giant alien creature Lavos collides with the earth in prehistoric times, subsequently hibernating beneath the earth. As millions of years pass, the monster feeds on the energy of the earth, eventually surfacing in 1999 to wreak complete destruction of the human race, atmosphere, and general life on the planet in the form of a rain of destruction fired from its outer shell, known as the 'Day of Lavos'.

text: In the video game

text: Chrono Trigger

text: (1995), the giant alien creature Lavos collides with the earth in prehistoric times, subsequently hibernating beneath the earth. As millions of years pass, the monster feeds on the energy of the earth, eventually surfacing in 1999 to wreak complete destruction of the human race, atmosphere, and general life on the planet in the form of a rain of destruction fired from its outer shell, known as the 'Day of Lavos'.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the monster feed on?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy does the monster feed on?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 'Day of Lavos'

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: wreak complete destruction

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does the monster feed on?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: general life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: what does the monster feed on

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy of the earth

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the monster feed on the energy of the earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: Lavos collides with the Earth in prehistoric times?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the monster feed on the energy of the earth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 'Day of Lavos'

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy of the earth

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the monster feeds on the energy of the earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: colliding

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Day of Lavos

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the monster feeds on the energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: a rain of destruction fired from its outer shell,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere, and general life

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: a rain of destruction fired from its outer shell,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: human race, atmosphere, and general life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmosphere, and general life

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: In the video game Chrono Trigger

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the earth,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the monster feeds on the energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: earth in prehistoric times, subsequently hibernating beneath the earth.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: alien creature Lavos collides with the earth

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: destruction of the human race, atmosphere, and general life

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy of the earth,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy of the earth,

text: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible and carbon dioxide plays a significant role in providing for the relatively warm temperature that the planet enjoys. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature would be about −18 °C (-0.4 °F) . The surface temperature would be 33 °C below Earth's actual surface temperature of approximately 14 °C (57.2 °F).

text: Earth’s natural

text: greenhouse effect

text: makes life as we know it possible and carbon dioxide plays a significant role in providing for the relatively warm temperature that the planet enjoys. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature would be about −18 °C (-0.4 °F) . The surface temperature would be 33 °C below Earth's actual surface temperature of approximately 14 °C (57.2 °F).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: thermal radiation, greenhouse effect, or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a form of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's natural greenhouse effect make life as we know it possible

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: make life as we know it possible

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature would be about  18 °C

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth’s natural greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere

text: Because the energy levels of molecular vibration and rotation are similar, the photons emitted due to transition between these levels have comparatively low energy, and longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light. The 9-12 μm wavelength of CO lasers is useful because it falls into an important window for atmospheric transmission (up to 80% atmospheric transmission at this wavelength), and because many natural and synthetic materials have strong characteristic absorptions in this range.

text: Because the energy levels of molecular vibration and rotation are similar, the photons emitted due to transition between these levels have comparatively low energy, and longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light. The 9-12 μm wavelength of CO lasers is useful because it falls into an important window for atmospheric transmission (up to 80% atmospheric transmission at this wavelength), and because many natural and synthetic materials have strong characteristic absorptions in this range.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is emitted due to transition between these levels

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: emitted

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a shorter wavelength than visible light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: vibration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photons emitted due to transition between these levels have comparatively low energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: natural and synthetic materials

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Because the energy levels of molecular vibration

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: near-infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: CO lasers is useful because it falls into an important window for atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Because the energy levels of molecular vibration

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The 9-12 <unk>m wavelength of CO lasers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO lasers

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photons emitted due to transition between these levels

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Because the energy levels of molecular vibration

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: molecular vibration and rotation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: molecular vibration and rotation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric transmission

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: natural and synthetic materials

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO lasers

text: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises. Those gases then radiate an increased amount of thermal infrared energy in all directions. Heat radiated upward continues to encounter greenhouse gas molecules; those molecules also absorb the heat, and their temperature rises and the amount of heat they radiate increases. The atmosphere thins with altitude, and at roughly 5–6 kilometres, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the overlying atmosphere is so thin that heat can escape to space.

text: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises. Those gases then radiate an increased amount of thermal infrared energy in all directions. Heat radiated upward continues to encounter greenhouse gas molecules; those molecules also absorb the heat, and their temperature rises and the amount of heat they radiate increases. The atmosphere thins with

text: altitude

text: , and at roughly 5–6

text: kilometre

text: s, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the overlying atmosphere is so thin that heat can escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiate

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: infrared, thermal, or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Heat radiated upward

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why do warmer molecules have more energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What is a benefit of working?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: conduction or radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The atmosphere is so thin that heat can escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The atmosphere thins

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Heat radiated upward

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Heat radiated upward

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The atmosphere thins with altitude,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 5–6 kilometres,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Heat radiated upward continues to encounter greenhouse gas molecules;

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal infrared energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: heat can escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Heat radiated upward

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The atmosphere thins with altitude,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The atmosphere thins with altitude,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Heat radiated upward

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy,

text: The reason for this dramatic growth in amplitude from tiny fluctuations near the ground to oscillations that dominate the motion of the mesosphere lies in the fact that the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height. As tides or waves propagate upwards, they move into regions of lower and lower density. If the tide or wave is not dissipating, then its kinetic energy density must be conserved. Since the density is decreasing, the amplitude of the tide or wave increases correspondingly so that energy is conserved.

text: The reason for this dramatic growth in amplitude from tiny fluctuations near the ground to oscillations that dominate the motion of the mesosphere lies in the fact that the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height. As tides or waves propagate upwards, they move into regions of lower and lower density. If the tide or wave is not dissipating, then its

text: kinetic energy

text: density must be conserved. Since the density is decreasing, the amplitude of the tide or wave increases correspondingly so that

text: energy is conserved

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is conserved?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the density of the atmosphere decrease with increasing height

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: conserved

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What does the density of the atmosphere decrease with increasing height?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the density of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the density of the atmosphere decreasing?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the density of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which is not the reason for this dramatic growth in amplitude?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is conserved?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is conserved

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the density of the atmosphere decrease with increasing height?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipating

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: density decreases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: density decreases with increasing height

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: oscillations

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tides

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: oscillations

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy is conserved.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The reason for this dramatic growth in amplitude

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy density must be conserved.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: height.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: tiny fluctuations near the ground

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy is conserved.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: near the ground

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: tides or waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the density of the atmosphere decreases with increasing height.

text: A greenhouse is built of any material that passes sunlight, usually glass, or plastic. It mainly warms up because the sun warms the ground and contents inside, which then warms the air in the greenhouse. The air continues to heat up because it is confined within the greenhouse, unlike the environment outside the greenhouse where warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft. This can be demonstrated by opening a small window near the roof of a greenhouse: the temperature will drop considerably. It was demonstrated experimentally (R. W. Wood, 1909) that a "greenhouse" with a cover of rock salt (which is transparent to infrared) heats up an enclosure similarly to one with a glass cover. Thus greenhouses work primarily by preventing convective cooling.

text: A greenhouse is built of any material that passes sunlight, usually glass, or plastic. It mainly warms up because the sun warms the ground and contents inside, which then warms the air in the greenhouse. The air continues to heat up because it is confined within the greenhouse, unlike the environment outside the greenhouse where warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft. This can be demonstrated by opening a small window near the roof of a greenhouse: the temperature will drop considerably. It was demonstrated experimentally (

text: R. W. Wood

text: , 1909) that a "greenhouse" with a cover of

text: rock salt

text: (which is transparent to infrared) heats up an enclosure similarly to one with a glass cover. Thus greenhouses work primarily by preventing

text: convective

text: cooling.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a material that passes sunlight, glass, or plastic?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Warm the air in a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the air in the greenhouse?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does the greenhouse effect cause more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is greenhouses work primarily by preventing convective

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does infrared emit?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or infrared?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a material that passes sunlight, glass, or plastic?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is convection?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrare

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Sunlight and infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouses work primarily by preventing convective cooling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun warms

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun warms the ground

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: greenhouse is built of any material that passes sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun warms the ground

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convective cooling.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: rises

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 1909)

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: greenhouses work primarily by preventing convective cooling.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A greenhouse is built of any material that passes sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: convective cooling.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convective cooling.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 1909)

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: convective cooling.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: warm air near the surface rises and mixes with cooler air aloft.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun warms the ground and contents inside,

text: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics that were identified but unsolved in the 19th century, and they basically stem from the fact that many of the supposedly "intrinsic" properties of an electron are tied to the electromagnetic field that it carries around with it. The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is not simply the bare value, but also includes the energy contained in its electromagnetic field, its attendant cloud of photons. The energy in a field of a spherical source diverges in both classical and quantum mechanics, but as discovered by Weisskopf with help from Furry, in quantum mechanics the divergence is much milder, going only as the logarithm of the radius of the sphere.

text: Many of these problems are related to failures in

text: classical electrodynamics

text: that were identified but unsolved in the 19th century, and they basically stem from the fact that many of the supposedly "intrinsic" properties of an electron are tied to the electromagnetic field that it carries around with it. The energy carried by a single electron—its

text: self-energy

text: —is not simply the bare value, but also includes the energy contained in its electromagnetic field, its attendant cloud of photons. The energy in a field of a spherical source diverges in both classical and quantum mechanics, but as discovered by

text: Weisskopf

text: with help from

text: Furry

text: , in quantum mechanics the divergence is much milder, going only as the logarithm of the radius of the sphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vortices

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why is the energy in a field of a spherical source diverging?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the bare value of a single electron?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy carried by a single electron

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the bare value

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: quantum mechanics

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: divergence is much milder

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic field, its attendant cloud of photons.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Many of these problems are related to failures in classical electrodynamics

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The energy carried by a single electron—its self-energy—is

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: bare value,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: spherical source diverges in both classical and quantum mechanics,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: diverges in both classical and quantum mechanics,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: failures in classical electrodynamics

text: Radiative cooling is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation. Outgoing energy is an important effect in the Earth's energy budget. In the case of the Earth-atmosphere system, it refers to the process by which long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun. Convective transport of heat and evaporative transport of latent heat both remove heat from the surface and redistribute it in the atmosphere.

text: Radiative cooling

text: is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation.

text: Outgoing

text: energy is an important effect in the

text: Earth's energy budget

text: . In the case of the Earth-atmosphere system, it refers to the process by which long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun. Convective transport of heat and evaporative transport of latent heat both remove heat from the surface and redistribute it in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorption of short-wave

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not the process by which a body loses heat by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is an important effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of transport of heat: Convective transport of heat or evaporative transport of latent heat?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Outgoing energy is an important effect in the Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: absorption of short-wave

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: long-wave (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Convective transport of heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: short-wave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: short-wave (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Outgoing energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Convective transport of heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convective transport of heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Radiative cooling

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Radiative cooling

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Convective transport of heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Convective transport of heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Radiative cooling

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: (visible)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Outgoing energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Outgoing energy is an important effect in the Earth's energy budget.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: remove heat from the surface and redistribute it in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Convective transport

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Radiative cooling

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: short-wave (visible) energy from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted

text: A vertical scan of the atmosphere was obtained by tracking the sun during occultation. The scan will measure the amount of solar energy absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

text: A vertical scan of the atmosphere was obtained by tracking the sun during occultation. The scan will measure the amount of solar energy absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to measure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: occultation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are very long.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of gas?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be absorbed by gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed by gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be absorbed by gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy and wind energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun is not a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed by gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: occultation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun during occultation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbed by gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun during occultation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases

text: The entire electromagnetic spectrum highlighting the infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves, is depicted in the figure. The IR spectrum can be subdivided into 5 regions, although this definition is somehow arbitrary and it differs from one author to another. The subdivision presented here is based on a combination of the atmospheric transmittance windows, i.e. the wavelengths regions in which infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere, the detector materials used to build the infrared sensors and the main applications. In this way, the Near Infrared (NIR) band is mostly used in fiber optic telecommunication systems since silica (SiO) provides a low attenuation losses medium for the infrared, whilst the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) band allows to work on long-distance telecommunications (remote sensing) using a combinations of detector materials. The Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) and the Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) bands find applications in Infrared Thermography for military or civil applications, e.g. target signature identification, surveillance, NonDestructive Evaluation, etc. The Very Long Wavelength Infrared (VLIR) band is used in spectroscopy and astronomy.

text: The entire

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: highlighting the infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves, is depicted in the figure. The IR spectrum can be subdivided into 5 regions, although this definition is somehow arbitrary and it differs from one author to another. The subdivision presented here is based on a combination of the atmospheric transmittance windows, i.e. the wavelengths regions in which

text: infrared radiation

text: is better transmitted through the atmosphere, the detector materials used to build the infrared sensors and the main applications. In this way, the Near Infrared (NIR) band is mostly used in fiber optic telecommunication systems since silica (SiO) provides a low attenuation losses medium for the infrared, whilst the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) band allows to work on long-distance telecommunications (remote sensing) using a combinations of detector materials. The Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) and the Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) bands find applications in Infrared Thermography for military or civil applications, e.g. target signature identification, surveillance, NonDestructive Evaluation, etc. The Very Long Wavelength Infrared (VLIR) band is used in spectroscopy and astronomy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is depicted in the figure?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: SWIR

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Very Long Wavelength Infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may be

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) band allows to work on long-distance telecommunications (remote sensing) using a combinations of detector materials

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic spectrum highlighting the infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: polar regions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Short Wave Infrared (SWIR)

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: IR spectrum can be subdivided into 5 regions,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The entire electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: long-distance telecommunications

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Near Infrared

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Very Long Wavelength Infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared part located between the visible and the radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared

text: The Seawater greenhouse uses natural evaporation and condensation processes inside a greenhouse powered by solar energy to grow crops in arid coastal land.

text: The

text: Seawater greenhouse

text: uses natural evaporation and condensation processes inside a

text: greenhouse

text: powered by solar energy to grow crops in arid coastal land.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to heat the greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It is impossible for gamma rays to penetrate the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be inferred

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be used to grow crops

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be used to grow crops

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Solar energy is a renewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: natural evaporation and condensation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evaporates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Seawater greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: condensation processes inside a greenhouse powered by solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: evaporation and condensation processes inside a greenhouse powered by solar energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Seawater greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Seawater greenhouse uses natural evaporation and condensation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Seawater greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: arid coastal land.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: arid coastal land.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: condensation processes inside a greenhouse powered by solar energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: arid coastal land.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

text: The 21 cm spectral line appears within the radio spectrum (in the L band of the UHF band of the microwave window to be exact). Electromagnetic energy in this range can easily pass through the Earth's atmosphere and be observed from the Earth with little interference.

text: The 21 cm spectral line appears within the

text: radio spectrum

text: (in the

text: L band

text: of the

text: UHF band

text: of the

text: microwave window

text: to be exact). Electromagnetic energy in this range can easily pass through the Earth's atmosphere and be observed from the Earth with little interference.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What can easily pass through the Earth's atmosphere and be observed from the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: interfere with the radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the 21 cm spectral line?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of electromagnetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not true of the 21 cm spectral line?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic energy in this range

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The 21 cm spectral line appears within the radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The 21 cm spectral line

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave window

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The 21 cm spectral line

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The 21 cm spectral line appears within the radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The 21 cm spectral line

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 21 cm

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: little interference.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Electromagnetic energy

text: This is a G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V. In terms of composition it is similar to the Sun, while the mass and radius are slightly larger. It is 73% more luminous than the Sun and radiates this energy from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of . At this heat, the star glows with the yellow hue of a G-type star. It has a low level of surface activity and is a candidate Maunder minimum analog.

text: This is a

text: G-type main sequence star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of G1 V. In terms of composition it is similar to the

text: Sun

text: , while the mass and radius are slightly larger. It is 73% more luminous than the Sun and radiates this energy from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of . At this heat, the star glows with the yellow hue of a

text: G-type star

text: . It has a low level of surface activity and is a candidate

text: Maunder minimum

text: analog.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: How does the star radiate energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: G-type main sequence stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared or yellow?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Radiation from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the star 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does the star radiate this energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: G-type, Sun, or G1 V?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a candidate Maunder minimum analog

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the star radiate?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the star radiate energy from its outer atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or yellow?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the star glows with the yellow hue of a G-type star

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: G-type stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in surface activity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The star glows with the yellow hue of a G-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiates this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: yellow hue

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: low level of surface activity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun and radiates this energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiates this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: G-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 73% more luminous than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 73% more luminous

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiates this energy from its outer atmosphere

text: CenterPoint Energy is a Fortune 500 electric and natural gas utility serving several markets in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. It was formerly known as Reliant Energy (from which it is now separated), NorAm Energy, Houston Industries, and HL&P. The company is headquartered in the CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street in Downtown Houston. Some of its notable subscribers include Retail Electric Providers (REPs), such as NRG Energy, Champion Energy, Dynowatt, Ambit Energy, Texas Power, Bounce Energy, MXenergy, Direct Energy, Stream Energy, First Texas Energy Corporation, Gexa Energy, Cirro Energy, and Kona Energy.

text: CenterPoint Energy is a Fortune 500

text: electric

text: and

text: natural gas utility

text: serving several markets in the

text: U.S. states

text: of

text: Arkansas

text: Louisiana

text: Minnesota

text: Mississippi

text: Oklahoma

text: , and

text: Texas

text: . It was formerly known as

text: Reliant Energy

text: (from which it is now separated), NorAm Energy, Houston Industries, and HL&P. The company is headquartered in the

text: CenterPoint Energy Tower

text: at 1111 Louisiana Street in

text: Downtown Houston

text: . Some of its notable subscribers include Retail Electric Providers (REPs), such as

text: NRG Energy

text: Champion Energy

text: Dynowatt

text: Ambit Energy

text: Texas Power

text: Bounce Energy

text: MXenergy

text: Direct Energy

text: Stream Energy

text: First Texas Energy Corporation

text: Gexa Energy

text: Cirro Energy

text: , and

text: Kona Energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does CenterPoint Energy use?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: How many states does CenterPoint Energy serve?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Bounce Energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bounce Energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CenterPoint Energy be located in Texas?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How would you describe CenterPoint Energy?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: electric or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: How would you describe CenterPoint Energy?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many states does CenterPoint Energy serve?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The company is headquartered in the CenterPoint Energy Tower

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the smallest unit of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electric

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: How many states does CenterPoint Energy serve?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy does CenterPoint Energy provide?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Gexa Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CenterPoint Energy is a Fortune 500 electric and natural gas utility

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Stream Energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street in Downtown Houston.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street in Downtown Houston.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Houston.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street in Downtown Houston.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Stream Energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Fortune 500

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Dynowatt,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric and natural gas

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Bounce Energy, MXenergy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NRG Energy, Champion Energy, Dynowatt,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CenterPoint Energy is a Fortune 500

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Houston.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: CenterPoint Energy Tower at 1111 Louisiana Street in Downtown Houston.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Arkansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: natural gas

text: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy by considering only the total energy of the vehicle in the initial and final orbits since energy is carried away in the exhaust (see also below). For example, most spacecraft are launched in an orbit with inclination fairly near to the latitude at the launch site, to take advantage of the Earth's rotational surface speed. If it is necessary, for mission-based reasons, to put the spacecraft in an orbit of different inclination, a substantial delta-v is required, though the specific kinetic and potential energies in the final orbit and the initial orbit are equal.

text: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from

text: conservation of energy

text: by considering only the total energy of the vehicle in the initial and final orbits since energy is carried away in the exhaust (see also below). For example, most spacecraft are launched in an orbit with inclination fairly near to the latitude at the launch site, to take advantage of the Earth's rotational surface speed. If it is necessary, for mission-based reasons, to put the spacecraft in an orbit of different

text: inclination

text: , a substantial delta-v is required, though the

text: specific kinetic

text: and potential energies in the final orbit and the initial orbit are equal.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: exhaust

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is carried away in the exhaust?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: inclination

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Delta-V requirements

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: not

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carry away energy in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: kinetic or potential?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: mission-based

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: delta-v

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is carried away in the exhaust?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic and potential energies

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the specific kinetic and potential energies in the final orbit and the initial orbit are equal

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: exhaust

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a substantial delta-v

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: exhaust

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's rotational surface speed.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: inclination

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earth's rotational surface speed.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth's rotational surface speed.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: mission-based reasons,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth's rotational surface speed.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: It is not possible to determine delta-v requirements from conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: It

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic and potential energies

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: conservation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: exhaust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: exhaust

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a substantial delta-v is required,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is carried away in the exhaust

text: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies (see Structure and bonding above). This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere. The increase in atmospheric concentration of , and thus in the -induced greenhouse effect, is the reason for the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. Although carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas primarily responsible for the rise, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and various other long-lived greenhouse gases also contribute. Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than all of those other gases combined, and because it has a long atmospheric lifetime.

text: Carbon dioxide is a

text: greenhouse gas

text: , absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies (see Structure and bonding above). This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere. The increase in atmospheric concentration of , and thus in the -induced greenhouse effect, is the reason for the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. Although carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas primarily responsible for the rise, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and various other long-lived greenhouse gases also contribute. Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than all of those other gases combined, and because it has a long atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does carbon dioxide emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the reason for the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the reason for the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than those other gases combined

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does carbon dioxide warm the surface and lower atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than all of those other gases combined,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Structure and bonding

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Structure and bonding

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cooling the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cooling the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Structure and bonding

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: bonding

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vibrational frequencies

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: bonding

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cooling the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rise in average global temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: Atmospheric tides are global-scale periodic oscillations of the atmosphere. In many ways they are analogous to ocean tides. Atmospheric tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere, while dominating the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.  Therefore, learning about atmospheric tides is essential in understanding the atmosphere as a whole.  Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides are needed in order to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere.

text: Atmospheric tide

text: s are global-scale periodic oscillations of the

text: atmosphere

text: . In many ways they are analogous to ocean

text: tides

text: . Atmospheric tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere, while dominating the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.  Therefore, learning about atmospheric tides is essential in understanding the atmosphere as a whole.  Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides are needed in order to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: atmospheric tides or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a periodic oscillation of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: transport energy into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atmospheric tide?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: atmospheric tides or ocean tides?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is essential in understanding the atmosphere as a whole

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: transporting energy input into the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transporting energy input

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atmospheric tide?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, mesosphere, or lower thermosphere?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Atmospheric tides are analogous to ocean tides

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy input into the lower atmosphere from the upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric tides

text: of minus one is significant in the design of gliders because this indicates a perfect location for a "Total energy" port for supply of signal pressure to the Variometer, a special Vertical Speed Indicator which reacts to vertical movements of the atmosphere but does not react to vertical maneuvering of the glider.

text: of minus one is significant in the design of

text: gliders

text: because this indicates a perfect location for a "Total energy" port for supply of signal pressure to the

text: Variometer

text: , a special Vertical Speed Indicator which reacts to vertical movements of the atmosphere but does not react to vertical maneuvering of the glider.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Variometer

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a glider to slow down

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the purpose of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: It is impossible to create energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a laser

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected by a microscope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: reacts to vertical maneuvering of the glider

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of energy available to the Earth

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: of minus one

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "Total energy"

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: "Total energy"

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "Total energy"

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Vertical Speed Indicator which reacts to vertical movements

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: of minus one

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: does not react to vertical maneuvering of the glider.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere but does not react to vertical maneuvering

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: vertical movements

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "Total energy"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not react to vertical maneuvering of the glider.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "Total energy" port for supply of signal pressure to the Variometer,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: signal pressure

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: of minus one

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "Total energy" port for supply of signal pressure to the Variometer,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Vertical Speed Indicator

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: "Total energy"

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Vertical Speed Indicator

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: signal pressure

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: does not react to vertical maneuvering of the glider.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: minus one

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: vertical movements of the atmosphere

text: The experimental results allowed meaningful modeling of the seasonal heat budget processes occurring through the Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere. The scope of the model was the column from below the ice pack through the top of the atmosphere. The scientists realized that key to the model was correctly characterizing the changing reflectivity or albedo of the ice surface, owing to changes in snow pack and ice melting. Cloud cover was key to describing how much energy reached or escaped the ocean surface.

text: The experimental results allowed meaningful modeling of the seasonal heat budget processes occurring through the Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere. The scope of the model was the column from below the ice pack through the top of the atmosphere. The scientists realized that key to the model was correctly characterizing the changing reflectivity or

text: albedo

text: of the ice surface, owing to changes in snow pack and ice melting. Cloud cover was key to describing how much energy reached or escaped the ocean surface.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does the Arctic Ocean have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change the reflectivity of the ice surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat budget process?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cloud cover?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: was key to the model

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cloud cover was key to describing

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Arctic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: escaping

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: seasonal heat budget processes

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Arctic Ocean sea ice

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: owing to changes in snow pack and ice melting.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: reflectivity or albedo

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: reflectivity

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: reflectivity or albedo

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: below the ice pack

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy reached or escaped the ocean surface.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The experimental results allowed meaningful modeling

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: escaped the ocean surface.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: describing how much energy reached or escaped the ocean surface.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: escaped the ocean surface.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: reflectivity or albedo of the ice surface,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Arctic Ocean sea ice and atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: changes in snow pack and ice melting.

text: A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection  of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community.  Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter  from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs.  A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.

text: A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection  of

text: food chain

text: s and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an

text: ecological community

text: .  Another name for food web is a

text: consumer-resource system

text: . Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called

text: trophic level

text: s: 1) the

text: autotroph

text: s, and 2) the

text: heterotrophs

text: . To

text: maintain

text: their bodies, grow, develop, and to

text: reproduce

text: , autotrophs produce

text: organic

text: matter  from

text: inorganic

text: substances, including both

text: mineral

text: s and

text: gas

text: es such as

text: carbon dioxide

text: . These

text: chemical reaction

text: s require

text: energy

text: , which mainly comes from the

text: sun

text: and largely by

text: photosynthesis

text: , although a very small amount comes from

text: hydrothermal vent

text: s and

text: hot spring

text: s.  A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to

text: mixotrophs

text: (such as

text: carnivorous plants

text: ) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete

text: heterotrophs

text: that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into

text: herbivory

text: carnivory

text: scavenging

text: and

text: parasitism

text: . Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as

text: sugar

text: s, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from

text: microscopic

text: to many

text: tonne

text: s - from

text: cyanobacteria

text: to

text: giant redwood

text: s, and from

text: virus

text: es and

text: bdellovibrio

text: to

text: blue whale

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an inorganic substance: minerals, gases, or hydrothermal vents?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: autotrophs

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: gradient

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Hydrothermal vents and hot springs

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: hydrothermal vents or hot springs?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: the sun and largely by photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: bdellovibrio

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical reaction: photosynthesis or hydrothermal vents?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: blue whales

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrothermal vents and hot springs

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hydrothermal vents and hot springs

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a food web

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a gradient

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: a food web

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hydrothermal vents

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sugars,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: trophic levels:

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sugars,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: micr

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cyan

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microscopic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sugars,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hydrothermal vents and hot springs.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hydrothermal vents and hot springs.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs

text: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine, or SMARTS for short, is a computer program designed to evaluate the surface solar irradiance components in the shortwave spectrum (spectral range 280 to 4000 nm) under cloudless conditions. The program, written in FORTRAN, relies on simplifications of the equation of radiative transfer to allow extremely fast calculations of the surface irradiance. The irradiance components can be incident on a horizontal, a fixed-tilt or a 2-axis tracking surface. SMARTS can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions. Many other applications are possible.

text: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine, or SMARTS for short, is a computer program designed to evaluate the surface solar

text: irradiance

text: components in the shortwave spectrum (spectral range 280 to 4000 nm) under cloudless conditions. The program, written in

text: FORTRAN

text: , relies on simplifications of the equation of

text: radiative transfer

text: to allow extremely fast calculations of the surface irradiance. The irradiance components can be incident on a horizontal, a fixed-tilt or a 2-axis tracking surface. SMARTS can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of

text: solar panel

text: s under variable atmospheric conditions. Many other applications are possible.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of solar panels?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 280 to 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 2-axis tracking surface

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 280 to 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 280 to 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of solar panels?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction happen mainly?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the spectral range of the shortwave spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: SMARTS can be used for example to evaluate the energy production of solar panels

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 280 to 4000 nm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does radiative transfer work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What can SMARTS be used for?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: shortwave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: shortwave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy production of solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: SMARTS

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: variable atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: shortwave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 2-axis

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: shortwave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 280 to 4000 nm)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: shortwave spectrum (spectral range 280 to 4000 nm)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 2-axis tracking surface.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy production of solar panels

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 280 to 4000 nm) under cloudless conditions.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 280 to 4000 nm) under cloudless conditions.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy production of solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Many other applications are possible.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: shortwave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: shortwave spectrum (spectral range 280 to 4000 nm)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: shortwave spectrum (spectral range 280 to 4000 nm)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar panels under variable atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: horizontal, a fixed-tilt or a 2-axis

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: variable atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sunshine,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar irradiance

text: Non-window radiation is by definition absorbed by the atmosphere, and its energy is thereby transduced into kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules. That kinetic energy is then transferred according to the usual dynamics of atmospheric energy transfer.

text: Non-window radiation is by definition absorbed by the atmosphere, and its energy is thereby transduced into kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules. That kinetic energy is then transferred according to the usual dynamics of atmospheric energy transfer.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-window

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be transferred

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the source of heat?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Non-window radiation is not absorbed by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Non-window

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy is thereby transduced into kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Non-window radiation is by definition absorbed by the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy is then transferred according to the usual dynamics of atmospheric energy transfer.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric energy transfer.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy is then transferred according to the usual dynamics of atmospheric energy transfer.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy of atmospheric molecules.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Non-window radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Non-window radiation is by definition absorbed by the atmosphere,

text: Within this third generation of models, the spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid), wave shoaling, refraction, energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.  Along with dissipation of energy through whitecaps and resonance between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.

text: Within this third generation of models, the spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid),

text: wave shoaling

text: refraction

text: , energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.  Along with dissipation of energy through

text: whitecaps

text: and

text: resonance

text: between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is used to describe the change in wave spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: shoaling

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave shoaling

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: the spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: whitecaps

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation of energy through whitecaps

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fluid),

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: wave generation,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: wave generation,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Within this third generation of models, the spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: spectral wave transport equation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy transfer between waves,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is transferred from the atmosphere

text: This star has the stellar classification of a K2 dwarf, with approximately 77% of the mass of the Sun and about 72% of the Sun's diameter. While they are on the main sequence, lower mass stars like this generate energy much more slowly than the Sun. As a result, this star is radiating only 23% of the Sun's bolometric luminosity. HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of around 4850 K, giving it the cool orange glow of a K-type star. It is slightly more enriched in iron compared to the Sun and is rotating at a leisurely rate of once every 51.5 days. Although much older than the Sun, this star is only middle-aged at about 8.6 billion years.

text: This star has the

text: stellar classification

text: of a

text: K2 dwarf

text: , with approximately 77% of the mass of the Sun and about 72% of the Sun's diameter. While they are on the

text: main sequence

text: , lower mass stars like this generate energy much more slowly than the Sun. As a result, this star is radiating only 23% of the Sun's bolometric luminosity. HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of around 4850 K, giving it the cool orange glow of a

text: K-type star

text: . It is slightly more enriched in

text: iron

text: compared to the Sun and is rotating at a leisurely rate of once every 51.5 days. Although much older than the Sun, this star is only middle-aged at about 8.6 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for HD 156668?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of star is HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not true of this star?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: bolometric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: K-type stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: How many times a day does this star rotate?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is HD 156668 emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of HD 156668?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does HD 156668 emit its energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of HD 156668?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K2 dwarf, K-type, or Sun?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of around 4850 K

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: bolometric luminosity

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: bolometric luminosity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K2 dwarf or Sun?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is the cool orange glow of a K-type star?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: bolometric luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: bolometric

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: How does the star generate energy?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lower mass stars like this generate energy much more quickly than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: this star radiating only 23% of the Sun's

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun does not

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: bolometric luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: rotating at a leisurely rate of once every 51.5 days.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: K-type star.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: bolometric luminosity. HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 23% of the Sun's bolometric luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: rotating at a leisurely rate of once every 51.5 days.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 23% of the Sun's bolometric luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: HD 156668

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: lower mass stars

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 23% of the Sun's bolometric luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: HD 156668 is emitting this energy from its outer atmosphere

text: The dryness of the air around and above Mt. Graham is particularly vital for EHF (extremely short wavelength radio) and far-infrared observations - a region of the spectrum where the electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor or clouds in the air.

text: The dryness of the air around and above Mt. Graham is particularly vital for

text: EHF

text: (extremely short wavelength radio) and far-

text: infrared

text: observations - a region of the

text: spectrum

text: where the

text: electromagnetic wave

text: s are strongly

text: attenuated

text: by any

text: water vapor

text: or clouds in the air.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: attenuate the electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for the dryness of the air around and above Mt. Graham?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is vital for EHF

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor or clouds

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mt. Graham

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: clouds in the air

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: clouds in the air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor or clouds

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The dryness of the air

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: (extremely short wavelength radio)

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The dryness of the air around and above Mt. Graham

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: (extremely short wavelength radio) and far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor or clouds

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The dryness of the air

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The dryness of the air

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: far-infrared observations

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: the electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: the electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor or clouds

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the electromagnetic waves are strongly attenuated by any water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor or clouds in the air.

text: Bio-energy is derived from biomass which is a renewable energy source and serves as a carbon sink during its growth. During industrial processes, the biomass combusted or processed re-releases the CO into the atmosphere. The process thus results in a net zero emission of CO, though this may be positively or negatively altered depending on the carbon emissions associated with biomass growth, transport and processing, see below under environmental considerations.  Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology serves to intercept the release of CO into the atmosphere and redirect it into geological storage locations. CO with a biomass origin is not only released from biomass fuelled power plants, but also during the production of pulp used to make paper and in the production of biofuels such as biogas and bioethanol. The BECCS technology can also be employed on such industrial processes.

text: Bio-energy is derived from biomass which is a

text: renewable energy source

text: and serves as a carbon sink during its growth. During industrial processes, the biomass combusted or processed re-releases the CO into the atmosphere. The process thus results in a net zero emission of CO, though this may be positively or negatively altered depending on the carbon emissions associated with biomass growth, transport and processing, see below under environmental considerations.

text: Carbon capture and storage

text: (CCS) technology serves to intercept the release of CO into the atmosphere and redirect it into geological storage locations. CO with a biomass origin is not only released from biomass fuelled power plants, but also during the production of

text: pulp

text: used to make paper and in the production of biofuels such as

text: biogas

text: and

text: bioethanol

text: . The BECCS technology can also be employed on such industrial processes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is a renewable energy source and serves as a carbon sink during its growth

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a renewable energy source?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon capture and storage technology serve to intercept the release of CO into the atmosphere and redirect it into geological storage locations.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable energy source?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is a renewable energy source?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The process thus results in a net zero emission of CO

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are two important greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: bioethanol

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is a renewable energy source and serves as a carbon sink during its growth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass which is a renewable energy source

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon capture and storage

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transporting it

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: biomass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: positively or negatively altered

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: industrial processes,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Carbon capture and storage

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: biomass combusted

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Bio-energy is derived from biomass

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: net zero emission of CO,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: growth.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Bio-energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a net zero emission of CO,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon sink during its growth.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon emissions

text: Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, their potential low financial cost, and the reversibility of their direct climatic effects. Solar radiation management projects could, for example, be used as a temporary response while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO). By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur.

text: Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of

text: climate engineering

text: which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce

text: global warming

text: . Proposed examples include the creation of

entity_name: Stratospheric sulfate aerosols (geoengineering)

text: stratospheric sulfate aerosols

text: . Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, their potential low financial cost, and the reversibility of their direct climatic effects. Solar radiation management projects could, for example, be used as a temporary response while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques. They would not reduce

text: greenhouse gas

text: concentrations in the

text: atmosphere

text: , and thus do not address problems such as

text: ocean acidification

text: caused by excess

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO). By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on

text: greenhouse gas remediation

text: , such as ocean

text: iron fertilization

text: , need to

text: sequester

text: the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratospheric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Reduce global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the smallest particle in the universe?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does global warming occur?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of climate engineering: SRM projects (proposed and theoretical) or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight and greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratospheric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: stratospheric

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: reversibility of their direct climatic effects.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ocean iron fertilization,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: reversibility of their direct climatic effects.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona: since the plasma is highly ionized and the magnetic field is well organized, the thermal conduction is a competitive process.The energy losses due to the thermal conduction are of the same order of coronal radiative losses. The energy released in the corona which is not radiated externally is conducted back towards the chromosphere along the arcs.In the transition region where the temperature is about 10 -10 K, radiative losses are too high to be balanced by any form of mechanical heating.The very high temperature gradient observed in this range of temperatures increases the conductive flux in order to supply for the irradiated power.In other words, the transition region is so steep (the temperature increases from 10kK to 1MK in a distance of the order of 100 km) because the thermal conduction from the superior hotter atmosphere must balance the high radiative losses, as indicated to the numerous emission lines, which are formed from ionized atoms (oxygen, carbon, iron and so on).

text: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona: since the

text: plasma

text: is highly ionized and the magnetic field is well organized, the thermal conduction is a competitive process.The energy losses due to the thermal conduction are of the same order of coronal radiative losses. The energy released in the corona which is not radiated externally is conducted back towards the

text: chromosphere

text: along the arcs.In the

text: transition region

text: where the temperature is about 10 -10 K, radiative losses are too high to be balanced by any form of mechanical heating.The very high temperature gradient observed in this range of temperatures increases the conductive flux in order to supply for the irradiated power.In other words, the transition region is so steep (the temperature increases from 10kK to 1MK in a distance of the order of 100 km) because the thermal conduction from the superior hotter atmosphere must balance the high radiative losses, as indicated to the numerous

text: emission lines

text: , which are formed from ionized atoms (oxygen, carbon, iron and so on).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not formed from ionized atoms?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not formed from ionized atoms?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: In the transition region where the temperature is about 10 -10 K

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiative losses be balanced by any form of mechanical heating

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the transition region so steep?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ionized atom?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The transition region is so steep

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of mechanical heating?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: In the transition region where the temperature is about 10 -10 K, radiative losses are too high to be balanced by any form of mechanical heating

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is released in the corona which is not radiated externally?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a mechanism of energy loss in the corona?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: oxygen, carbon, or iron?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal conduction and mechanical heating

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiative losses are too high to be balanced by any form of mechanical heating

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The transition region where the temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiative losses

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal conduction from the superior hotter atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal conduction is a competitive process.The

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ionized atoms

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: emission lines,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: emission lines,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: emission lines,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated externally

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ionized atoms

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: hotter atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: hotter atmosphere must balance the high radiative losses,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: conductive flux in order to supply for the irradiated power.In

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: (oxygen, carbon,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ionized atoms

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conductive flux

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ionized atoms

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: (oxygen, carbon, iron and so on).

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: conductive flux

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The radiation is not the only mechanism of energy loss in the corona:

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy loss

text: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet. The closer the spacecraft can approach, the faster its periapsis speed as gravity accelerates the spacecraft, allowing for more kinetic energy to be gained from a rocket burn. However, if a spacecraft gets too deep into the atmosphere, the energy lost to drag can exceed that gained from the planet's gravity. On the other hand, the atmosphere can be used to accomplish aerobraking.  There have also been theoretical proposals to use aerodynamic lift as the spacecraft flies through the atmosphere. This maneuver, called an aerogravity assist, could bend the trajectory through a larger angle than gravity alone, and hence increase the gain in energy.

text: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet. The closer the spacecraft can approach, the faster its

text: periapsis

text: speed as gravity accelerates the spacecraft, allowing for more kinetic energy to be gained from a rocket burn. However, if a spacecraft gets too deep into the atmosphere, the energy lost to drag can exceed that gained from the planet's gravity. On the other hand, the atmosphere can be used to accomplish

text: aerobraking

text: .  There have also been theoretical proposals to use

text: aerodynamic lift

text: as the spacecraft flies through the atmosphere. This maneuver, called an

text: aerogravity assist

text: , could bend the trajectory through a larger angle than gravity alone, and hence increase the gain in energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can be used to accomplish aerobraking?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: drag

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to accomplish aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a limitation of the available planet?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be gained from a rocket burn

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a rocket burn?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the closer the spacecraft can approach, the faster its periapsis speed as gravity accelerates the spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Rocket burn

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: more kinetic energy being gained

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a rocket burn

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: gravity accelerates the spacecraft, allowing for more kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: drag

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy to be gained from a rocket burn.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: aerobraking.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gravity accelerates the spacecraft,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: gravity accelerates the spacecraft, allowing for more kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Another limitation is the atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy to be gained from a rocket burn.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: rocket burn.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy to be gained from a rocket burn.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere, if any, of the available planet.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere,

text: The infrared atmospheric window is the overall dynamic property of the earth's atmosphere, taken as a whole at each place and occasion of interest, that lets some infrared radiation from the cloud tops and land-sea surface pass directly to space without intermediate absorption and re-emission, and thus without heating the atmosphere. It cannot be defined simply as a part or set of parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, because the spectral composition of window radiation varies greatly with varying local environmental conditions, such as water vapour content and land-sea surface temperature, and because few or no parts of the spectrum are simply not absorbed at all, and because some of the diffuse radiation is passing nearly vertically upwards and some is passing nearly horizontally. A large gap in the absorption spectrum of water vapor, the main greenhouse gas, is most important in the dynamics of the window. Other gases, especially carbon dioxide and ozone, partly block transmission.

text: The infrared atmospheric window is the overall dynamic property of the

text: earth's atmosphere

text: , taken as a whole at each place and occasion of interest, that lets some

text: infrared radiation

text: from the cloud tops and land-sea surface pass directly to space without intermediate absorption and re-emission, and thus without heating the atmosphere. It cannot be defined simply as a part or set of parts of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , because the spectral composition of window radiation varies greatly with varying local environmental conditions, such as water vapour content and land-sea surface temperature, and because few or no parts of the spectrum are simply not absorbed at all, and because some of the diffuse radiation is passing nearly vertically upwards and some is passing nearly horizontally. A large gap in the

text: absorption

text: spectrum of water vapor, the main greenhouse gas, is most important in the dynamics of the window. Other gases, especially

text: carbon dioxide

text: and

text: ozone

text: , partly block transmission.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a gas: water vapor, carbon dioxide or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum is the infrared atmospheric window part of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: diffuse radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ozone, partly block transmission.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: heating the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: intermediate absorption and re-emission,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: It cannot be defined simply as a part or set of parts

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: diffuse radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cloud tops

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: re-emission,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The infrared atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: heating the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cloud tops

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heating the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor,

text: The potential energy liberated by moving down the Sun's potential well becomes kinetic energy; requiring another large delta-v change to do anything other than rapidly pass by Mercury. To land safely or enter a stable orbit the spacecraft would rely entirely on rocket motors. Aerobraking is ruled out because Mercury has a negligible atmosphere. A trip to Mercury requires more rocket fuel than that required to escape the Solar System completely. As a result, only two space probes have visited it so far. A proposed alternative approach would use a solar sail to attain a Mercury-synchronous orbit around the Sun.

text: The

text: potential energy

text: liberated by moving down the Sun's

text: potential well

text: becomes

text: kinetic energy

text: ; requiring another large delta-v change to do anything other than rapidly pass by Mercury. To land safely or enter a stable orbit the spacecraft would rely entirely on rocket motors.

text: Aerobraking

text: is ruled out because Mercury has a negligible atmosphere. A trip to Mercury requires more rocket fuel than that required to

text: escape

text: the Solar System completely. As a result, only two space probes have visited it so far. A proposed alternative approach would use a

text: solar sail

text: to attain a Mercury-synchronous orbit around the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: potential energy or kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the Sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a negative impact on a spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the solar system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: to do anything other than rapidly pass by Mercury

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy is kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mercury

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Aerobraking is ruled out because Mercury has a negligible atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mercury

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The potential energy liberated

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Aerobraking

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Aerobraking is ruled out because Mercury has a negligible atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Aerobraking is ruled out because Mercury has a negligible atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mercury.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy;

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy;

text: Photoacoustic spectroscopy is the measurement of the effect of absorbed electromagnetic energy (particularly of light) on matter by means of acoustic detection. The discovery of the photoacoustic effect dates to 1880 when Alexander Graham Bell showed that thin discs emitted sound when exposed to a beam of sunlight that was rapidly interrupted with a rotating slotted disk. The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating and through thermal expansion a pressure wave or sound. Later Bell showed that materials exposed to the non-visible portions of the solar spectrum (i.e., the infrared and the ultraviolet) can also produce sounds.

text: Photoacoustic spectroscopy is the measurement of the effect of absorbed

text: electromagnetic energy

text: (particularly of

text: light

text: ) on

text: matter

text: by means of

text: acoustic

text: detection. The discovery of the

text: photoacoustic effect

text: dates to 1880 when

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: showed that thin discs emitted

text: sound

text: when exposed to a

text: beam

text: of

text: sunlight

text: that was rapidly interrupted with a rotating slotted disk. The

text: absorbed

text: energy

text: from the light causes local

text: heat

text: ing and through

text: thermal expansion

text: a

text: pressure

text: wave or sound. Later Bell showed that materials exposed to the non-visible portions of the solar

text: spectrum

text: (i.e., the

text: infrared

text: and the

text: ultraviolet

text: ) can also produce sounds.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does photoacoustic spectroscopy measure?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: non-visible

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause local heating

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Alexander Graham Bell

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic energy does not cause local heating

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: local heating

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: absorbed electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: pressure wave

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: pressure wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared and the ultraviolet) can also produce sounds.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared and the ultraviolet) can also produce sounds.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal expansion a pressure wave or sound.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Alexander Graham Bell showed that thin discs emitted sound

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Photoacoustic spectroscopy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thin discs

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal expansion a pressure wave or sound.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: non-visible portions of the solar spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared and the ultraviolet)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared and the ultraviolet)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal expansion

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: local heating

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The absorbed energy from the light causes local heating

text: World Energy Outlook 2008, mentioned above, also describes a "450 Policy Scenario", in which extra energy investments to 2030 amount to $9.3 trillion over the Reference Scenario. The scenario also features, after 2020, the participation of major economies such as China and India in a global cap-and-trade scheme initially operating in OECD and European Union countries. Also the less conservative 450 ppm scenario calls for extensive deployment of negative emissions, i.e. the removal of CO from the atmosphere. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) and OECD, "Achieving lower concentration targets (450 ppm) depends significantly on the use of BECCS".

text: World Energy Outlook 2008, mentioned above, also describes a "450 Policy Scenario", in which extra energy investments to 2030 amount to

text: 9.3 trillion over the Reference Scenario. The scenario also features, after 2020, the participation of major economies such as

text: China

text: and

text: India

text: in a global cap-and-trade scheme initially operating in

entity_name: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

text: OECD

text: and

text: European Union

text: countries. Also the less conservative 450 ppm scenario calls for extensive deployment of

text: negative emissions

text: , i.e. the removal of CO from the atmosphere. According to the

text: International Energy Agency

text: (IEA) and OECD, "Achieving lower concentration targets (450 ppm) depends significantly on the use of

entity_name: Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage

text: BECCS

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for negative emissions?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 450 ppm

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 450 ppm

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: depends significantly on the use of BECCS

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 450 ppm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 450

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 450

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: $9.3 trillion over the Reference Scenario

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 450 ppm scenario

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: negative emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: World Energy Outlook 2008,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 450 ppm scenario calls for extensive deployment of negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: World Energy Outlook 2008,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CO from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: World Energy Outlook 2008,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: World Energy Outlook 2008,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: $9.3 trillion over the Reference Scenario.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 450 ppm scenario calls for extensive deployment of negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 450 ppm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: BECCS".

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: BECCS".

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "450 Policy Scenario",

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: $9.3 trillion over the Reference Scenario.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 450 ppm scenario calls for extensive deployment of negative emissions,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: negative emissions,

text: Hadley cells exist on either side of the equator. Each cell encircles the globe and acts to transport energy from the equator to 30th latitude. This is the result of the buoyancy of warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause; its movement as it is pushed poleward by air rising from below; its cooling as it moves poleward at high altitude; its sinking near subtropics (30th parallels); and finally its equatorward return near the surface, completing the loop. In higher latitudes, the energy transport is also accomplished by cyclones and anticyclones that cause relatively warm air to move polewards and cold air to move equatorwards. The large scale tropical overturning cell is referred to as the Hadley cell. Why it extends only to 30 degrees latitude and what determines its strength are questions addressed by dynamical meteorology.

text: Hadley cells exist on either side of the equator. Each cell encircles the globe and acts to transport energy from the equator to 30th latitude. This is the result of the buoyancy of warm air rising from the equator to the

text: tropopause

text: ; its movement as it is pushed poleward by air rising from below; its cooling as it moves poleward at high altitude; its sinking near subtropics (30th parallels); and finally its equatorward return near the surface, completing the loop. In higher latitudes, the energy transport is also accomplished by cyclones and anticyclones that cause relatively warm air to move polewards and cold air to move equatorwards. The large scale tropical overturning cell is referred to as the Hadley cell. Why it extends only to 30 degrees latitude and what determines its strength are questions addressed by dynamical

text: meteorology

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the buoyancy of warm air rising from the equator do?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tropopause

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm air rising from the equator

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why do warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the buoyancy of warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The large scale tropical overturning cell

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a Hadley cell?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: air rising from the equator to the tropopause

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The large scale tropical overturning cell is referred to as the Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: warm air rising from the equator

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause;

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: subtropics

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: acts to transport energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Hadley cells exist on either side of the equator.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: buoyancy of warm air

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy from the equator to 30th latitude.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause;

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cyclones and anticyclones

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: warm air rising from the equator to the tropopause;

text: Electromagnetic waves are typically described by any of the following three physical properties: the frequency f, wavelength λ, or photon energy E. Frequencies observed in astronomy range from  (1 GeV gamma rays) down to the local plasma frequency of the ionized interstellar medium (~1 kHz). Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions of the size of atoms, where as wavelengths on the opposite end of the spectrum can be as long as the universe. Photon energy is directly proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma ray photons have the highest energy (around a billion electron volts), while radio wave photons have very low energy (around a femtoelectronvolt). These relations are illustrated by the following equations:

text: Electromagnetic waves are typically described by any of the following three physical properties: the

text: frequency

text: f,

text: wavelength

text: λ

text: , or

text: photon

text: energy

text: E. Frequencies observed in astronomy range from  (1

text: GeV

text: gamma rays) down to the local

text: plasma frequency

text: of the ionized interstellar medium (~1 kHz). Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions of the size of

text: atom

text: s, where as wavelengths on the opposite end of the spectrum can be as long as the

text: universe

text: Photon energy

text: is directly proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma ray photons have the highest energy (around a billion

text: electron volt

text: s), while radio wave photons have very low energy (around a

text: femto

text: electronvolt). These relations are illustrated by the following equations:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Electromagnetic waves are typically described by any of three physical properties

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What are the three physical properties of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma ray photons

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays have very short wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is this a problem?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are a type of

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radio wave photons have very low energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelength

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atoms,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma ray photons

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays have very short wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: gamma ray photons have the highest energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Photon energy is directly proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays have very short wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the universe.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photon energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radio wave photons have very low energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ionized interstellar medium

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gamma rays have very short wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Electromagnetic waves

text: Worldwide there are broader packaging scoring systems that address the full environmental impact of packaging. Recycling being one factor, other vital considerations include the use of recycled materials in the package, avoidance of toxic substances, minimization of packaging, effects on atmosphere (greenhouse gas, VOC, etc.), use of renewable resources, etc.   Efforts involve methodologies such as life cycle assessment to inventory the all environmental impacts and factors.There are many Sustainability metrics and indices, some specifically for packaging.

text: Worldwide there are broader packaging scoring systems that address the full environmental impact of packaging. Recycling being one factor, other vital considerations include the use of recycled materials in the package, avoidance of toxic substances, minimization of packaging, effects on atmosphere (greenhouse gas, VOC, etc.), use of

text: renewable resource

text: s, etc.   Efforts involve methodologies such as

text: life cycle assessment

text: to inventory the all environmental impacts and factors.There are many

text: Sustainability metrics and indices

text: , some specifically for packaging.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: VOC

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gas, VOC, or VOC?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is one factor

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used as a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, green, or yellow?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: renewable resources do not exist

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: releasing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: VOC

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Sustainability metrics and indices,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: materials

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Worldwide there are broader packaging scoring systems that address the full environmental impact

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Sustainability metrics and indices,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: life cycle assessment

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Recycling being one factor, other vital considerations include the use of recycled materials

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: effects on atmosphere (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Sustainability metrics and indices,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: many Sustainability metrics and indices,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life cycle assessment

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: effects on atmosphere (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: substances,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Worldwide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: life cycle assessment

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Worldwide

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: (greenhouse gas, VOC, etc.), use of renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: (greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: (greenhouse gas,

text: After the war many of the facilities continued to be utilized or were converted to different uses, for example the Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center. More federal agencies began to come to the area which already had a large federal footprint and a well trained work force. The Atomic Energy Commission, National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Institute of Standards and Technology all opened offices in the Denver area. From 1953 to 1989, the Rocky Flats Plant, a Department of Energy nuclear weapon facility formerly located about  from Denver, produced fissile plutonium "pits" for nuclear warheads. A major fire at the facility in 1957, as well as leakage from nuclear waste stored at the site between 1958 and 1968, resulted in the contamination of some parts of Denver, to varying degrees, with plutonium-239, a harmful radioactive substance with a half-life of 24,200 years. Studies have linked the contamination to an increase in birth defects and cancer incidence in central Denver and nearer Rocky Flats. With the large military and federal presence in the area the aerospace industry followed. Large corporations such as IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Honeywell, Ball Aerospace, and Lockheed-Martin came to Denver. These businesses brought jobs and money with them and began to influence the city displacing the wealthy entrepreneurs and pioneer families that had previously dominated political life.

text: After the war many of the facilities continued to be utilized or were converted to different uses, for example the Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the

text: Denver Federal Center

text: . More federal agencies began to come to the area which already had a large federal footprint and a well trained work force. The

text: Atomic Energy Commission

entity_name: National Center for Atmospheric Research

text: National Center for Atmospheric Research

entity_name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: , and

entity_name: National Institute of Standards and Technology

text: National Institute of Standards and Technology

text: all opened offices in the Denver area. From 1953 to 1989, the

text: Rocky Flats Plant

text: , a

text: Department of Energy

text: nuclear weapon facility formerly located about  from Denver, produced

text: fissile

text: plutonium "

text: pits

text: " for

text: nuclear warhead

text: s. A major fire at the facility in 1957, as well as leakage from

text: nuclear waste

text: stored at the site between 1958 and 1968, resulted in the

entity_name: Radioactive contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant

text: contamination of some parts of Denver

text: , to varying degrees, with

text: , a harmful radioactive substance with a half-life of 24,200 years. Studies have linked the contamination to an increase in birth defects and cancer incidence in central Denver and nearer Rocky Flats. With the large military and federal presence in the area the aerospace industry followed. Large corporations such as

text: IBM

text: Hewlett-Packard

text: Honeywell

text: Ball Aerospace

text: , and

text: Lockheed-Martin

text: came to Denver. These businesses brought jobs and money with them and began to influence the city displacing the wealthy entrepreneurs and pioneer families that had previously dominated political life.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Atomic Energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which happened first, the Rocky Flats Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center or the contamination of some parts of Denver?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a radioactive substance: plutonium-239, Rocky Flats, or nuclear waste?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "pits"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: What kind of waves are produced at the Rocky Flats Plant?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contaminate some parts of Denver, to varying degrees

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, a major fire at the facility in 1957, or a leakage from nuclear waste stored at the site between 1958 and 1968?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the Rocky Flats Plant located?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, a major fire at the facility in 1957, or leakage from nuclear waste stored at the site between 1958 and 1968?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which happened first, the Rocky Flats Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center or the contamination of some parts of Denver?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: well trained work force

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does plutonium-239 contain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atomic Energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, plutonium-239, or Rocky Flats Plant?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which happened first, a major fire at the facility in 1957, or the contamination of some parts of Denver?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Atomic Energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Atomic Energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Rocky Flats Plant produced fissile plutonium "pits" for nuclear warheads

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Rocky Flats

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atomic Energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Denver's climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Rocky Flats Plant

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The Rocky Flats Plant

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Atomic Energy Commission, National Center for Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: birth defects and cancer incidence

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Rocky Flats Plant,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: nuclear waste

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: well trained work force.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: plutonium-239,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: These businesses brought jobs and money

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: plutonium-239,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: plutonium-239,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Denver Ordnance Plant was converted into the Denver Federal Center.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The Atomic Energy Commission,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: wealthy entrepreneurs and pioneer families

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Rocky Flats Plant,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: birth defects and cancer incidence

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: plutonium-239,

text: Almost all of the energy available to the Earth's surface and atmosphere comes from the sun in the form of solar radiation (light from the sun, including invisible ultraviolet and infrared light).  Variations in the amount of solar radiation reaching different parts of the Earth are a principal driver of global and regional climate.  Averaged over a year, latitude is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere; the incident solar radiation decreases smoothly from the Equator to the poles.  This variation leads to the most obvious observation of regional climate: temperature tends to decrease with increasing latitude.

text: Almost all of the energy available to the Earth's surface and atmosphere comes from the sun in the form of

text: solar radiation

text: (light from the sun, including invisible ultraviolet and infrared light).  Variations in the amount of solar radiation reaching different parts of the Earth are a principal driver of global and regional climate.  Averaged over a year,

text: latitude

text: is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere; the incident solar radiation decreases smoothly from the Equator to the poles.  This variation leads to the most obvious observation of regional climate: temperature tends to decrease with increasing latitude.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Light from the sun, including invisible ultraviolet and infrared light

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: decrease with increasing latitude

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: ultraviolet and infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most obvious observation of regional climate?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy available to the earth's surface and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ultraviolet and infrared light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Almost all of the energy available to the Earth's surface and atmosphere comes from the sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: latitude

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global and regional climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ultraviolet and infrared light).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latitude

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: invisible ultraviolet and infrared light).

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: decreases smoothly from the Equator to the poles.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: invisible ultraviolet and infrared light).

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: latitude is the most important factor determining the amount of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: temperature tends to decrease with increasing latitude.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: latitude

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Almost all of the energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Almost all of the energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: invisible ultraviolet and infrared light).

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet and infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet and infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Almost all

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the Equator to the poles.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature tends to decrease

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun in the form of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Variations in the amount of solar radiation

text: Very energetic gamma rays, with photon energies over ~30 GeV, can also be detected by ground based experiments. The extremely low photon fluxes at such high energies require detector effective areas that are impractically large for current space-based instruments. Fortunately, such high-energy photons produce extensive showers of secondary particles in the atmosphere that can be observed on the ground, both directly by radiation counters and optically via the Cherenkov light which the ultra-relativistic shower particles emit. The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope technique currently achieves the highest sensitivity.

text: Very energetic gamma rays, with photon energies over ~30 GeV, can also be detected by ground based experiments. The extremely low photon fluxes at such high energies require detector effective areas that are impractically large for current space-based instruments. Fortunately, such high-energy photons produce extensive showers of secondary particles in the atmosphere that can be observed on the ground, both directly by radiation counters and optically via the

text: Cherenkov light

text: which the ultra-relativistic shower particles emit. The

text: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope

text: technique currently achieves the highest sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is gamma rays?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of gamma rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: impractically large

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cherenkov light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photon energies

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cherenkov light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: extremely low photon fluxes at such high energies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high-energy photons

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high-energy photons

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Very energetic gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 30 GeV, can also be detected by ground based experiments.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: showers

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photon energies over <unk>30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: showers of secondary particles in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space-based instruments.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photon energies over <unk>30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: showers of secondary particles

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 30 GeV, can also be detected by ground based experiments.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: high-energy photons produce extensive showers of secondary particles

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: impractically large

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Very energetic gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photon energies

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: showers of secondary particles

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photon energies over <unk>30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Very energetic gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cherenkov light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photon energies over <unk>30 GeV,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cherenkov

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The extremely low photon fluxes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ground based experiments.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high-energy photons produce extensive showers of secondary particles

text: Using the measured stellar luminosity of Gliese 581 is of 0.013 times that of our Sun, it is possible to calculate Gliese 581 c's effective temperature a.k.a. black body temperature. (note: this probably differs from its surface temperature). According to Udry's team, the effective temperature for Gliese 581 c, assuming an albedo (reflectivity) such as Venus' (0.64), would be , and assuming an Earth-like albedo (0.296), then it would be , a range of temperatures which overlaps with the range that water would be liquid at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. However, the effective temperature and actual surface temperature can be very different due to the greenhouse properties of the planetary atmosphere: for example, Venus has an effective temperature of , but a surface temperature of  (mainly due to a 96.5% carbon dioxide atmosphere), a difference of about . Studies of the habitability (i.e. liquid water for extremophile forms of life) conclude that Gliese 581 c is likely to suffer from a runaway greenhouse effect similar to that found on Venus, as such, is highly unlikely to be habitable. Nevertheless, this runaway greenhouse effect could be prevented by the presence of sufficient reflective cloud cover on the planet's day side. Alternatively, if the surface were covered in ice, it would have a high albedo (reflectivity), and thus could reflect enough of the incident sunlight back into space to render the planet too cold for habitability, although this situation is expected to be very unstable except for very high albedos greater than about 0.95 (i.e. ice): release of carbon dioxide by volcanic activity or of water vapor due to heating at the substellar point would trigger a runaway greenhouse effect.

text: Using the measured stellar luminosity of Gliese 581 is of 0.013 times that of our Sun, it is possible to calculate Gliese 581 c's

text: effective temperature

text: a.k.a.

text: black body

text: temperature. (note: this probably differs from its

text: surface temperature

text: ). According to Udry's team, the effective temperature for Gliese 581 c, assuming an

text: albedo

text: (reflectivity) such as Venus' (0.64), would be , and assuming an Earth-like albedo (0.296), then it would be , a range of temperatures which overlaps with the

text: range that water would be liquid at a pressure of 1 atmosphere

text: . However, the effective temperature and actual surface temperature can be very different due to the greenhouse properties of the planetary atmosphere: for example, Venus has an effective temperature of , but a surface temperature of  (mainly due to a 96.5%

text: carbon dioxide atmosphere

text: ), a difference of about . Studies of the habitability (i.e. liquid water for extremophile forms of life) conclude that Gliese 581 c is likely to suffer from a

text: runaway greenhouse effect

text: similar to that found on

text: Venus

text: , as such, is highly unlikely to be habitable. Nevertheless, this runaway greenhouse effect could be prevented by the presence of sufficient reflective cloud cover on the planet's day side. Alternatively, if the surface were covered in ice, it would have a high

text: albedo

text: (reflectivity), and thus could reflect enough of the incident sunlight back into space to render the planet too cold for habitability, although this situation is expected to be very unstable except for very high albedos greater than about 0.95 (i.e. ice): release of

text: carbon dioxide

text: by volcanic activity or of water vapor due to heating at the substellar point would trigger a runaway greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is Gliese 581 c's effective temperature?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 0.013 times

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: what is the range of temperatures which overlaps with the range that water would be liquid at a pressure of 1 atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: if the surface were covered in ice

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is Gliese 581 c likely to suffer from?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference between the effective temperature and actual surface temperature?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of Gliese 581 c?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse property: greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: i.e. liquid water for extremophile forms of life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer: conduction or radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Gliese 581 c

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: black body temperature

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ice would have a high albedo (reflectivity)

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: incident sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: runningaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: release of carbon dioxide by volcanic activity or of water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: (0.64),

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: reflective cloud cover

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: c

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: if the surface were covered in ice,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 581 c

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: c is likely to suffer from a runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 0.95

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: habitable.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 0.013 times that of our Sun,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 0.95

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ice,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ice,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Venus,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: release of carbon dioxide

text: Longwave radiation is usually defined as outgoing infrared energy leaving the planet. However, the atmosphere absorbs parts initially, or cloud cover can reflect radiation. Generally, heat energy is transported between the planet's surface layers (land and ocean) to the atmosphere, transported via evapotranspiration and latent heat fluxes or conduction/convection processes.  Ultimately, energy is radiated in the form of longwave infrared radiation back into space.

text: Longwave radiation is usually defined as outgoing

text: infrared

text: energy leaving the planet. However, the atmosphere absorbs parts initially, or cloud cover can reflect radiation. Generally, heat energy is transported between the planet's surface layers (land and ocean) to the atmosphere, transported via

text: evapotranspiration

text: and

text: latent heat

text: fluxes or

text: conduction

text: convection

text: processes.  Ultimately, energy is radiated in the form of longwave

text: infrared radiation

text: back into space.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is infrared energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cloud cover reflect radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of longwave infrared radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the atmosphere absorb heat energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is radiated

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How is heat transported between the planet's surface layers?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of longwave infrared radiation: latent heat fluxes or convection processes?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: longwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: longwave infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the atmosphere absorbs parts initially, or cloud cover can reflect radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction/convection

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: conduction/convection processes.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: longwave infrared radiation back into space.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: conduction/convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cloud cover can reflect radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the atmosphere absorbs parts

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: longwave infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: conduction/convection

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: conduction/convection processes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: longwave infrared radiation back into space.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Longwave radiation is usually defined as outgoing infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: longwave infrared radiation back into space.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conduction/convection

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: evapotranspiration and latent heat fluxes

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Longwave radiation is usually defined as outgoing infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: longwave infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: conduction/convection processes.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: longwave infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: longwave infrared radiation back into space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heat energy is transported between the planet's surface layers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated in the form of longwave infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evapotranspiration

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat energy

text: Infrared (IR) is an invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1000000 nm (300 GHz) (although people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm in experiments). Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.

text: Infrared (IR) is an invisible radiant energy,

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: with longer

text: wavelength

text: s than those of

text: visible light

text: , extending from the nominal

text: red

text: edge of the

text: visible spectrum

text: at 700

text: nanometers

text: frequency

text: THz

text: ) to 1000000 nm (300

text: GHz

text: ) (although people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm in experiments). Most of the

text: thermal radiation

text: emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Infrared (IR) is an invisible radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is Infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Infrared is an invisible radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: people can see infrared up to 1050 nm in experiments

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: objects near room temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: people can see infrared

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Infrared

text: Nitrogen directly affects soil respiration in several ways. Nitrogen must be taken in by roots in order to promote plant growth and life. Most available nitrogen is in the form of NO, which costs 0.4 units of CO to enter the root because energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient. Once inside the root the NO must be reduced to NH. This step requires more energy, which equals 2 units of CO per molecule reduced. In plants with mycorrhizal symbionts, which fix atmospheric nitrogen, the energetic cost to the plant to acquire one molecule of  NH  from atmospheric N is 2.36 CO. It is essential that plants uptake nitrogen from the soil or rely on symbionts to fix it from the atmosphere in order to assure growth, reproduction and long-term survival.

text: Nitrogen

text: directly affects soil respiration in several ways. Nitrogen must be taken in by roots in order to promote plant growth and life. Most available nitrogen is in the form of NO, which costs 0.4 units of CO to enter the root because energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient. Once inside the root the NO must be reduced to NH. This step requires more energy, which equals 2 units of CO per molecule reduced. In plants with

text: mycorrhiza

text: l symbionts, which fix atmospheric nitrogen, the energetic cost to the plant to acquire one molecule of  NH  from atmospheric N is 2.36 CO. It is essential that plants uptake nitrogen from the soil or rely on symbionts to fix it from the atmosphere in order to assure growth,

text: reproduction

text: and long-term survival.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: concentration gradient

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a form of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Nitrogen directly affect soil respiration in several ways.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which statement about gamma rays is true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plant: mycorrhizal symbionts, which fix atmospheric nitrogen, or roots?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Nitrogen directly affects soil respiration in several ways

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapor or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is CO?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy must be used to move it up

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Which of the following is not a form of respiration?

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy must be used to move it

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CO and NH

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Nitrogen must be taken in by roots in order to promote plant growth and life

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: soil respiration

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Nitrogen directly affects soil respiration

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: a plant produces

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: NH.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: NH.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: NH.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: NH.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: NO,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: growth and life.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 0.4 units of CO

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 0.4 units of CO

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy must be used to move it up a concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: concentration gradient.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Nitrogen

text: The Greenhouse Effect is a theory of Supreme Court justices' behavior, first proposed by Hoover Institution economist Thomas Sowell and popularized by D.C. Court of Appeals Senior Judge Laurence Silberman in a speech to The Federalist Society in 1992. Here, the word "Greenhouse" refers to Linda Greenhouse, a Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who covered the Supreme Court for the New York Times for 40 years. Silberman used the term to postulate a tendency of conservative Supreme Court Justices to vote with the liberals more often as their careers progress due to a desire for favorable press coverage. He said "It seems that the primary objective of The Times's legal reporters is to put activist heat on recently appointed Supreme Court justices."

text: The Greenhouse Effect is a theory of

text: Supreme Court

text: justices' behavior, first proposed by

text: Hoover Institution

text: economist

text: Thomas Sowell

text: and popularized by

entity_name: United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

text: D.C. Court of Appeals

text: Senior Judge

text: Laurence Silberman

text: in a speech to

text: The Federalist Society

text: in 1992. Here, the word "Greenhouse" refers to

text: Linda Greenhouse

text: , a

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: winning reporter who covered the Supreme Court for the

text: New York Times

text: for 40 years. Silberman used the term to postulate a tendency of conservative

text: Supreme Court

text: Justices to vote with the liberals more often as their careers progress due to a desire for favorable press coverage. He said "It seems that the primary objective of The Times's legal reporters is to put activist heat on recently appointed Supreme Court justices."

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the Greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the Greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who covered the Supreme Court

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the word "greenhouse" refer to?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Greenhouse Effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the primary objective of The Times's legal reporters?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the primary objective of The Times's legal reporters is to put activist heat on recently appointed Supreme Court justices

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thomas Sowell

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a desire for favorable press coverage

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a desire for favorable press coverage.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Supreme Court justices' behavior,

text: Anisotropic energy is energy that is directionally specific. The word anisotropy means "directionally dependent", hence the definition. The most common form of anisotropic energy is magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which is commonly studied in ferrimagnets. In ferrimagnets, there are islands or domains of atoms that are all coordinated in a certain direction; this spontaneous positioning is often called the "easy" direction, indicating that this is the lowest energy state for these atoms. In order to study magnetocrystalline anisotropy, energy (usually in the form of an electric current) is applied to the domain, which causes the crystals to deflect from the "easy" to "hard" positions. The energy required to do this is defined as the anisotropic energy. The easy and hard alignments and their relative energies are due to the interaction between spin magnetic moment of each atom and the crystal lattice of the compound being studied. One of the many projects currently researching this phenomenon is directed by Stefan Krause and Roland Wiesendanger of the University of Hamburg. Using spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopes they are observing the effect upon the macrospin states of domains by passing a spin-polarized current through the atoms, and observing their alignment and how long they maintain their spin state.

text: Anisotropic energy is energy that is directionally specific. The word

text: anisotropy

text: means "directionally dependent", hence the definition. The most common form of anisotropic energy is

text: magnetocrystalline anisotropy

text: , which is commonly studied in

text: ferrimagnets

text: . In ferrimagnets, there are islands or domains of atoms that are all coordinated in a certain direction; this spontaneous positioning is often called the "easy" direction, indicating that this is the lowest energy state for these atoms. In order to study magnetocrystalline anisotropy, energy (usually in the form of an

text: electric current

text: ) is applied to the domain, which causes the crystals to deflect from the "easy" to "hard" positions. The energy required to do this is defined as the anisotropic energy. The easy and hard alignments and their relative energies are due to the interaction between spin magnetic moment of each atom and the

text: crystal lattice

text: of the compound being studied. One of the many projects currently researching this phenomenon is directed by Stefan Krause and Roland Wiesendanger of the

text: University of Hamburg

text: . Using spin-polarized

text: scanning tunnelling microscope

text: s they are observing the effect upon the macrospin states of domains by passing a spin-polarized current through the atoms, and observing their alignment and how long they maintain their

text: spin state

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the lowest energy state for these atoms?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for energy that is directionally specific?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Anisotropy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hard

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the crystals to deflect from the "easy" to "hard" positions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the lowest energy state for these atoms?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the lowest energy state for these atoms?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is energy that is directionally specific

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is applied to the domain

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does the word anisotropy mean?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microscopically

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low energy state for these atoms

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: directionally specific

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: directionally specific

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "easy" direction,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: magnetocrystalline anisotropy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Anisotropic energy is energy that is directionally specific.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electric current)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric current) is applied to the domain,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: spin magnetic moment of each atom and the crystal lattice

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "easy" direction, indicating that this is the lowest energy state

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ferrimagnets.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electric current)

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Anisotropic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Anisotropic energy

text: As noted, the biological effect of ionizing radiation on cells somewhat resembles that of a broader spectrum of molecularly damaging radiation, which overlaps ionizing radiation and extends beyond, to somewhat lower energies into all regions of UV and sometimes visible light in some systems (such as photosynthetic systems in leaves). Although DNA is always susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation, the DNA molecule may also be damaged by radiation with enough energy to excite certain molecular bonds to form thymine dimers. This energy may be less than ionizing, but near to it. A good example is ultraviolet spectrum energy which begins at about 3.1 eV (400 nm) at close to the same energy level which can cause sunburn to unprotected skin, as a result of photoreactions in collagen and (in the UV-B range) also damage in DNA (for example, pyrimidine dimers). Thus, the mid and lower ultraviolet electromagnetic spectrum is damaging to biological tissues as a result of electronic excitation in molecules which falls short of ionization, but produces similar non-thermal effects. To some extent, visible light and also ultraviolet A (UVA) which is closest to visible energies, have been proven to result in formation of reactive oxygen species in skin, which cause indirect damage since these are electronically excited molecules which can inflict reactive damage, although they do not cause sunburn (erythema). Like ionization-damage, all these effects in skin are beyond those produced by simple thermal effects.

text: As noted, the biological effect of ionizing radiation on cells somewhat resembles that of a broader spectrum of molecularly damaging radiation, which overlaps ionizing radiation and extends beyond, to somewhat lower energies into all regions of UV and sometimes visible light in some systems (such as photosynthetic systems in leaves). Although

text: DNA

text: is always susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation, the DNA molecule may also be damaged by radiation with enough energy to excite certain

text: molecular bond

text: s to form

text: thymine dimer

text: s. This energy may be less than ionizing, but near to it. A good example is ultraviolet spectrum energy which begins at about 3.1 eV (400 nm) at close to the same energy level which can cause

text: sunburn

text: to unprotected skin, as a result of

text: photoreactions

text: in

text: collagen

text: and (in the

text: UV-B

text: range) also damage in DNA (for example,

text: pyrimidine dimers

text: ). Thus, the mid and lower ultraviolet electromagnetic spectrum is damaging to biological tissues as a result of electronic excitation in molecules which falls short of ionization, but produces similar non-thermal effects. To some extent, visible light and also ultraviolet A (UVA) which is closest to visible energies, have been proven to result in formation of

text: reactive oxygen species

text: in skin, which cause indirect damage since these are electronically excited molecules which can inflict reactive damage, although they do not cause sunburn (erythema). Like ionization-damage, all these effects in skin are beyond those produced by simple thermal effects.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal effects

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is damaging to biological tissues as a result of electronic excitation in molecules?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal effects

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause sunburn

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What can cause sunburn to unprotected skin

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal effects

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unprotected skin

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Like ionization-damage, all these effects in skin are beyond those produced by simple thermal effects.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 400 nm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronic excitation in molecules

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: To some extent, visible light and also ultraviolet A

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: UV and visible light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The biological effect of ionizing radiation on cells

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: leaves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: formation of reactive oxygen species

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal effects.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: non-thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the mid and lower ultraviolet electromagnetic spectrum is damaging to biological tissues

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: UV and sometimes visible light

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal effects.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet A

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: UV and sometimes visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sunburn to unprotected skin,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet A (UVA) which is closest to visible energies,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: UV and sometimes visible light

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: DNA is always susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: photosynthetic systems

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the biological effect of ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (400 nm)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal effects.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: UV-B

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ultraviolet spectrum energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet A

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet A

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ultraviolet spectrum energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: DNA is always susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: leaves).

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sunburn

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ionizing radiation

text: In 2002 Dwyer, along with colleagues from Florida Institute of Technology and the University of Florida, launched rockets during thunderstorms at a facility now known as the UF/Florida Tech International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at Camp Blanding, Florida. Using a heavily shielded instrument containing a scintillation detector, built by Dwyer and his students, they found that lightning does indeed produce x-rays and that x-ray emission is common for lightning. This research was published in Science (journal) (Dwyer et al. 2003). Since that time, Dwyer and his collaborators have established many key properties of the x-ray emissions from lightning, including the fact that the x-ray emission is produced during the lightning stepping process, has energies up to approximately 1 MeV and the x-rays are produced in the high field regions generated by the leader as it propagates. In 2005 TERA (Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array), a 24 detector array, was built to continue measuring x-rays and gamma-rays from lightning and to further study the x-ray characteristics that are associated with thunderstorms. Also, in 2005, Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks in air also generate x-rays similar to lightning, which has since motivated many groups around the world to study the x-ray emissions from sparks.  Most recently, Dwyer and his team have built and deployed an x-ray camera at the ICLRT and have made the world’s first x-ray images of lightning. Dwyer also has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics, including work on runaway electron or runaway breakdown physics, gamma-ray and radio frequency emissions or atmospheric noise, and lightning initiation. In 2003, he introduced the Relativistic Feedback Mechanism of relativistic-runaway-electron avalanches, a new discharge mechanism in air, which explains how thunderclouds may generate very large flashes of gamma-rays called terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs).  This work also showed the importance of positrons (anti-electrons) for thundercloud electrodynamics.  Working with David Smith from UCSC he also helped establish that TGFs originate from deep within our atmosphere and not at high altitudes as had been previously assumed.  Indeed, Dwyer and his team observed a ground level TGF at Camp Blanding in 2004.  Finally, using BATSE data form the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory, Dwyer and collaborators discovered Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs)  in the inner magnetosphere, which are generated by the high energy emissions from thunderstorms.

text: In 2002 Dwyer, along with colleagues from Florida Institute of Technology and the

text: University of Florida

text: , launched rockets during thunderstorms at a facility now known as the UF/Florida Tech International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at

text: Camp Blanding, Florida

text: . Using a heavily shielded instrument containing a

text: scintillation detector

text: , built by Dwyer and his students, they found that lightning does indeed produce x-rays and that x-ray emission is common for lightning. This research was published in

text: Science (journal)

text: (Dwyer et al. 2003). Since that time, Dwyer and his collaborators have established many key properties of the x-ray emissions from lightning, including the fact that the x-ray emission is produced during the lightning stepping process, has energies up to approximately 1

text: MeV

text: and the x-rays are produced in the high field regions generated by the leader as it propagates. In 2005 TERA (Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array), a 24 detector array, was built to continue measuring x-rays and gamma-rays from lightning and to further study the x-ray characteristics that are associated with thunderstorms. Also, in 2005, Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks in air also generate x-rays similar to lightning, which has since motivated many groups around the world to study the x-ray emissions from sparks.  Most recently, Dwyer and his team have built and deployed an x-ray camera at the ICLRT and have made the world’s first x-ray images of lightning. Dwyer also has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics, including work on runaway electron or

text: runaway breakdown

text: physics, gamma-ray and radio frequency emissions or atmospheric noise, and lightning initiation. In 2003, he introduced the Relativistic Feedback Mechanism of

text: relativistic-runaway-electron avalanche

text: s, a new discharge mechanism in air, which explains how thunderclouds may generate very large flashes of gamma-rays called

text: terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

text: (TGFs).  This work also showed the importance of

text: positrons

text: (anti-electrons) for thundercloud electrodynamics.  Working with David Smith from UCSC he also helped establish that TGFs originate from deep within our atmosphere and not at high altitudes as had been previously assumed.  Indeed, Dwyer and his team observed a ground level TGF at Camp Blanding in 2004.  Finally, using BATSE data form the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory, Dwyer and collaborators discovered Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs)  in the inner magnetosphere, which are generated by the high energy emissions from thunderstorms.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: runaway breakdown

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Dr. Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: avalanches

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which type of light has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: runaway electron avalanches

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Dr. Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Dwyer also has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmosphere Physics

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Dwyer is a member of the American Physical Society (APS) and the American Physical Society (APS).

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: x-ray emission is common for lightning

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Dwyer has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics, including work on runaway electron

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: x-rays and gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the x-ray emission is produced during the lightning stepping process

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: x-ray emission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Dwyer also has made several important theoretical contributions to the newly developing field of High Energy Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: x-ray camera at the ICLRT

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric noise,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Dwyer

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning stepping process,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: x-rays and gamma-rays from lightning

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Dwyer

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1 MeV

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Dwyer

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ICLRT

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Dwyer

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Dwyer also has made several important theoretical contributions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Dwyer

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 1 MeV

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ICLRT

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric noise,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: sparks

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: runaway electron

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: rockets

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Dwyer and collaborators made the surprising discovery that long laboratory sparks

text: Voltage drop describes how energy is supplied of a voltage source that is reduced as electric current moves through the passive elements (elements that do not supply voltage) of an electrical circuit. Voltage drops across internal resistances of the source, across conductors, across contacts, and across connectors are undesired as the supplied energy is lost (dissipated). Voltage drops across loads and across other active circuit elements are desired as the supplied energy performs useful work.

text: Voltage drop describes how

text: energy

text: is supplied of a

text: voltage

text: source that is reduced as

text: electric current

text: moves through the passive elements (elements that do not supply voltage) of an

text: electrical

text: circuit

text: . Voltage drops across

text: internal resistance

text: s of the source, across

text: conductors

text: , across

text: contacts

text: , and across

text: connectors

text: are undesired as the supplied energy is lost (dissipated). Voltage drops across

text: loads

text: and across other active circuit elements are desired as the supplied energy performs useful work.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a passive element?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: active circuit elements

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Voltage drop across contacts of an electrical circuit

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The answer is no.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of contact?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Voltage drops across internal resistances

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the supplied energy performs useful work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can perform useful work

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Contacts

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Voltage drops across loads and across other active circuit elements are desired as the supplied energy performs useful work.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: electrical circuits

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature rises

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Voltage drop across internal resistances

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: passive elements

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: supplied energy performs useful work.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the supplied energy is lost (dissipated).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electric current moves through the passive elements

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Voltage drop

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Voltage drop

text: X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with photon energies above those of visible (and ultraviolet) light. X-rays are distinguished from gamma rays in that they are produced not by transitions within the atomic nucleus, but either by deceleration of a charged particle or by the transition of state of orbital electrons. Diagnostic X-rays are produced using X-ray tubes. The radio waves portion of the electromagnetic spectrum represents much lower energy/frequency photons than visible light. Thus, referring to the property of X-ray density as radiodensity appears contradictory by current knowledge, but is still used as a historical artifact.

text: X-rays are part of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , with photon energies above those of

text: visible

text: (and

text: ultraviolet

text: ) light. X-rays are distinguished from

text: gamma ray

text: s in that they are produced not by transitions within the

text: atomic nucleus

text: , but either by deceleration of a

text: charged particle

text: or by the transition of state of

text: orbital

text: electron

text: s. Diagnostic X-rays are produced using

text: X-ray tube

text: s. The

text: radio waves

text: portion of the electromagnetic spectrum represents much lower energy/frequency photons than visible light. Thus, referring to the property of X-ray density as radiodensity appears contradictory by current knowledge, but is still used as a historical artifact.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiodensity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum is X-rays part of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of X-rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the property of X-ray density?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The radio waves portion of the electromagnetic spectrum represents much lower energy/frequency photons than visible light

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: state of orbital electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radio waves portion of the electromagnetic spectrum represents much lower energy/frequency photons than visible light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: X-ray tubes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by transitions within the atomic nucleus

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atomic nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atomic nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atomic nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transition of state of orbital electrons.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible (and ultraviolet) light.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: transitions within the atomic nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiodensity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atomic nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: orbital electrons.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: visible (and ultraviolet) light.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: X-rays

text: Solar energy in orbit is abundant, reliable, and is commonly used to power satellites today. There is no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight. Light intensity obeys an inverse-square law. So the solar energy available at distance d from the Sun is E = 1367/d W/m, where d is measured in astronomical units (AU) and 1367 watts/m is the energy available at the distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun, 1 AU.

text: Solar energy

text: in orbit is abundant, reliable, and is commonly used to power satellites today. There is no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight. Light intensity obeys an

text: inverse-square law

text: . So the solar energy available at distance d from the Sun is E = 1367/d W/m, where d is measured in

text: astronomical unit

text: s (AU) and 1367 watts/m is the energy available at the distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun, 1 AU.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to power satellites

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: astronomical

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible to humans

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy in orbit

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there is no night in free space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Light intensity obeying an inverse-square law

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Light intensity obeys an inverse-square law.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar energy in orbit is abundant, reliable,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Light intensity obeys an inverse-square law.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light intensity obeys an inverse-square law.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: inverse-square law.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: night in free space,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: night in free space,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power satellites

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: watts/m

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: inverse-square law.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: night in free space,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: There is no night in free space,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: night in free space,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: free space,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Light intensity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

text: Building upon John Tyndall's research on greenhouse gases, Hunt first proposed the theory which linked climate change from the Carboniferous to the modern age to concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in an 1863 submission to the American Journal of Science and Arts. He further explored at a meeting for the British Society for the Advancement of Science in the fall of 1878. This was well before Arrhenius established the theory of the greenhouse effect. Hunt later hypothesized that the high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the geologic past was of cosmic, rather than volcanic, origin.

text: Building upon

text: John Tyndall

text: 's research on

text: greenhouse gases

text: , Hunt first proposed the theory which linked

text: climate change

text: from the

text: Carboniferous

text: to the modern age to concentrations of

text: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

text: in an 1863 submission to the

text: American Journal of Science and Arts

text: . He further explored at a meeting for the British Society for the Advancement of Science in the fall of 1878. This was well before

text: Arrhenius

text: established the theory of the greenhouse effect. Hunt later hypothesized that the high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the geologic past was of cosmic, rather than volcanic, origin.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was Hunt's theory of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Arrhenius establish the theory of the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the theory of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Hunt later hypothesized

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood: chemical energy, thermal energy, or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: volcanic, origin

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: cosmic,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 1878.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic, rather than volcanic, origin.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: volcanic,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Arrhenius established the theory of the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: cosmic,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: British Society for the Advancement of Science in the fall of 1878.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1863

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: volcanic,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: volcanic,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases, Hunt first proposed the theory which linked climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic, rather than volcanic, origin.

text: VIRTIS: The "Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer" (VIRTIS) is an imaging spectrometer that observes in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It analyzed all layers of the atmosphere, surface temperature and surface/atmosphere interaction phenomena.

text: VIRTIS: The "Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer" (VIRTIS) is an imaging

text: spectrometer

text: that observes in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and

text: infrared

text: parts of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . It analyzed all layers of the atmosphere, surface temperature and surface/atmosphere interaction phenomena.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a layer of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does VIRTIS observe in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is visible and infrared thermal imaging spectrometer?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How many layers of the atmosphere does VIRTIS cover?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of VIRTIS?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which layer of the atmosphere does VIRTIS cover?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does VIRTIS study?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is VIRTIS able to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does VIRTIS work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Infrared energy is a form of light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ViRTIS

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: VIRTIS

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: VIRTIS:

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: near-ultraviolet, visible, and infrared

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: VIRTIS:

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Thermal Imaging Spectrometer"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: VIRTIS:

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: VIRTIS:

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: surface/atmosphere interaction phenomena.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: VIRTIS:

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: surface temperature

text:
|- style="background:#fcc;"| 1| October 29| @Portland| | Russell Westbrook (38)| Ibaka & Perkins (8)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Moda Center
19,411| 0–1|-style="background:#fcc;"|2|October 30| @ L.A.Clippers| | Perry Jones (32)| Steven Adams (7)| Sebastian Telfair (7)| Staples Center
19,060| 0–2|- style="background:#cfc;"| 3| November 1| Denver| | Jones & Ibaka (23)| Roberson & Thomas (8)| Sebastian Telfair (9)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 1–2|- style="background:#fcc;"| 4| November 3| @ Brooklyn|  | Reggie Jackson (23)| Ibaka & Adams (9)| Sebastian Telfair (6)| Barclays Center
17,732| 1–3|- style="background:#fcc;"| 5| November 4| @ Toronto|  | Serge Ibaka (25)| Serge Ibaka (11)| Reggie Jackson (14)| Air Canada Centre
18,877| 1–4|- style="background:#fcc;"| 6| November 7| Memphis| | Reggie Jackson (22)| Steven Adams (11)| Reggie Jackson (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 1–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 7| November 9| Sacramento|  | Reggie Jackson (22)| Ibaka & Lamb (9)| Reggie Jackson (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 2–5|- style="background:#fcc;"| 8| November 11|  @Milwaukee| | Reggie Jackson (29)| Steven Adams (10)| Reggie Jackson (4)| BMO Harris Bradley Center
12,390| 2–6|- style="background:#cfc;"| 9| November 12| @ Boston| | Jackson & Morrow (28)| Lance Thomas (13)| Reggie Jackson (8)| TD Garden
17,043| 3–6|- style="background:#fcc;"| 10| November 14| Detroit| | Jeremy Lamb (24)| Ibaka & Lamb (10)| Reggie Jackson (12)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 3–7|- style="background:#fcc;"|11| November 16| Houston| | Thomas & Jackson (15)| Reggie Jackson (11)| Reggie Jackson (4)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 3–8|- style="background:#fcc;"| 12| November 18| @ Utah| | Jeremy Lamb (19)| Thomas & Adams (8)| Reggie Jackson (7)| Energy Solutions Arena
17,190| 3–9|- style="background:#fcc;"| 13| November 19| @ Denver| | Serge Ibaka (22)| Serge Ibaka (13)| Reggie Jackson (9)| Pepsi Center
14,140| 3–10|- style="background:#fcc;"| 14| November 21| Brooklyn| | Reggie Jackson (21)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Reggie Jackson (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 3–11|- style="background:#fcc;"| 15| November 23| Golden State| | Reggie Jackson (22)| Anthony Morrow (12)| Reggie Jackson (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 3–12|- style="background:#cfc;"| 16| November 26| Utah|  | Reggie Jackson (22)| Steven Adams (11)| Reggie Jackson (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 4–12|- style="background:#cfc;"| 17| November 28| New York| | Russell Westbrook (32)| Steven Adams (13)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 5–12|- style="background:#fcc;"| 18| December 2| @ New Orleans|  | Kevin Durant (27)| Andre Roberson (9)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Smoothie King Center
13,903| 5–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 19| December 5| @ Philadelphia|  | Russell Westbrook (27)| Kendrick Perkins (9)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Wells Fargo Center
15,092| 6–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 20| December 7| @ Detroit|  | Kevin Durant (28)| Serge Ibaka (13)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Palace of Auburn Hills
13,090| 7–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 21| December 9| Milwaukee|  | Russell Westbrook (28)| Durant & Perkins (9)| Durant & Westbrook (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 8–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 22| December 11| Cleveland|  | Russell Westbrook (26)| Steven Adams (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 9–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 23| December 12| @ Minnesota|  | Russell Westbrook (34)| Steven Adams (11)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Target Center
13,557| 10–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 24| December 14| Phoenix|  | Russell Westbrook (28)| Kendrick Perkins (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 11–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 25| December 16| @ Sacramento|  | Russell Westbrook (32)| Steven Adams (10)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Sleep Train Arena
17,317| 12–13|- style="background:#fcc;"| 26| December 18| @ Golden State|  | Russell Westbrook (33)| Andre Roberson (12)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Oracle Arena
19,596| 12–14|- style="background:#cfc;"| 27| December 19| @ L.A.Lakers|  | Russell Westbrook (31)| Steven Adams (10)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Staples Center
18,997| 13–14|- style="background:#fcc;"| 28| December 21| New Orleans| | Russell Westbrook (29)| Steven Adams (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 13–15|- style="background:#fcc;"| 29| December 23| Portland| | Russell Westbrook (40)| Steven Adams (11)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 13–16|- style="background:#cfc;"| 30| December 25| @ San Antonio| | Russell Westbrook (34)| Steven Adams (15)| Russell Westbrook (11)| AT&T Center
18,581| 14–16|- style="background:#cfc;"| 31| December 26| Charlotte|  | Russell Westbrook (29)| Serge Ibaka (14)| Russell Westbrook (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 15–16|- style="background:#fcc;"| 32| December 28| @Dallas|  | Serge Ibaka (26)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Russell Westbrook (9)| American Airlines Center
20,417| 15–17|- style="background:#cfc;"| 33| December 31| Phoenix|  | Kevin Durant (44)| Kevin Durant (10)| Kevin Durant (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 16–17|- style="background:#cfc;"| 34| January 2| Washington| | Kevin Durant (34)| Kevin Durant (8)| Reggie Jackson (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 17–17|- style="background:#fcc;"| 35| January 5| @Golden State| | Russell Westbrook (22)| Durant & Morrow(10)| Russell Westbrook (5)| Oracle Arena
19,596| 17–18|- style="background:#fcc;"| 36| January 7| @ Sacramento| | Kevin Durant (24)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Westbrook & Jackson (4)| Sleep Train Arena
16,037| 17–19|- style="background:#cfc;"| 37| January 9| Utah| | Kevin Durant (32)| Ibaka & Perkins (7)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 18–19|- style="background:#fcc;"| 38| January 15| @ Houston|  | Kevin Durant (24)| Kevin Durant (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Toyota Center
18,315| 18–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 39| January 16| Golden State|  | Kevin Durant (36)| Russell Westbrook (15)| Russell Westbrook (17)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 19–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 40| January 18| @ Orlando|  | Kevin Durant (21)| Kevin Durant (11)| Kevin Durant (8)| Amway Center
16,128| 20–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 41| January 20| @ Miami|  | Durant & Westbrook (19)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Kevin Durant (8)| American Airlines Arena
19,735| 21–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 42| January 21| @ Washington| | Kevin Durant (34)| Steven Adams (20)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Verizon Center
20,356| 22–20|- style="background:#fcc;"| 43| January 23| @ Atlanta|  | Russell Westbrook (22)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Philips Arena
19,203| 22–21|- style="background:#fcc;"| 44| January 25| @ Cleveland|  | Kevin Durant (32)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Quicken Loans Arena
20,562| 22–22|- style="background:#cfc;"| 45| January 26| Minnesota| | Russell Westbrook (18)| Serge Ibaka (19)| Westbrook & Waiters (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 23–22|- style="background:#fcc;"| 46| January 28| @ New York| | Russell Westbrook (40)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Westbrook & Jackson (4)| Madison Square Garden
19,812|23–23|-style="background:#fcc;"|47|January 31|@ Memphis|| Kevin Durant (15)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Russell Westbrook (5)| FedEx Forum
18,119|23–24|- style="background:#cfc;"| 48| February 2| Orlando| | Russell Westbrook (25)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (14)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 24–24|- style="background:#cfc;"| 49| February 4| @ New Orleans| | Russell Westbrook (45)| Steven Adams (9)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Smoothie King Center
17,156| 25–24|- style="background:#fcc;"| 50| February 6| New Orleans|  | Russell Westbrook (48)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 25–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 51| February 8| L.A.Clippers| | Kevin Durant (29)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Durant & Jackson (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 26–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 52| February 9| @ Denver|  | Kevin Durant (40)| Mitch McGary (10)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Pepsi Center
16,511| 27–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 53| February 11| Memphis| | Kevin Durant (26)| Kevin Durant (10)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 28–25|- align="center"|colspan="9" bgcolor="#bbcaff"|All-Star Break|- style="background:#cfc;"| 54| February 19| Dallas|  | Russell Westbrook (34)| Serge Ibaka (22)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 29–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 55| February 21| @ Charlotte| | Russell Westbrook (33)| Enes Kanter (13)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Time Warner Cable Arena
19,303| 30–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 56| February 22| Denver|  | Russell Westbrook (21)| Enes Kanter (12)| Russell Westbrook (17)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 31–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 57| February 24| Indiana|  | Serge Ibaka (23)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 32–25|- style="background:#fcc;"| 58| February 26| @ Phoenix| | Russell Westbrook (39)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Russell Westbrook (11)| US Airways Center
17,514| 32–26|- style="background:#fcc;"| 59| February 27| @ Portland|  | Russell Westbrook (40)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Moda Center
19,962| 32–27|- style="background:#cfc;"| 60| March 1| @ L.A. Lakers| | Ibaka & Augustin (18)| Enes Kanter (15)| Kanter & Augustin (5)| Staples Center
18,997| 33–27|- style="background:#cfc;"| 61| March 4| Philadelphia| | Russell Westbrook (49)| Russell Westbrook (16)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 34–27|- style="background:#fcc;"| 62| March 5| @ Chicago|  | Russell Westbrook (43)| Serge Ibaka (9)| Russell Westbrook (7)| United Center
21,696| 34–28|- style="background:#cfc;"| 63| March 8| Toronto| | Russell Westbrook (30)| Enes Kanter (12)| Russell Westbrook (17)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 35–28|- style="background:#fcc;"| 64| March 11| L.A. Clippers| | Anthony Morrow (26)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 35–29|- style="background:#cfc;"| 65| March 13| Minnesota| | Russell Westbrook (29)| Enes Kanter (15)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 36–29|- style="background:#cfc;"| 66| March 15| Chicago|  | Russell Westbrook (36)| Enes Kanter (18)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 37–29|- style="background:#fcc;"| 67| March 16| @ Dallas|  | Russell Westbrook (24)| Kanter & McGary (13)| Russell Westbrook (12)| American Airlines Center
20,231| 37–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 68| March 18| Boston|  | Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (13)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 38–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 69| March 20| Atlanta| | Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (16)| Russell Westbrook (14)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 39–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 70| March 22| Miami|  | Enes Kanter (27)| Enes Kanter (12)| Russell Westbrook (17)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 40–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 71| March 24| L.A. Lakers|  | Russell Westbrook (27)| Enes Kanter (16)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 41–30|- style="background:#fcc;"| 72| March 25| @ San Antonio| | Kanter, Westbrook (16)| Enes Kanter (10)| Russell Westbrook (7)| AT&T Center
18,581| 41–31|- style="background:#fcc;"| 73| March 28| @ Utah| | Russell Westbrook (37)| Steven Adams (14)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Energy Solutions Arena
19,911| 41–32|-style="background:#cfc;"|74|March 29| @ Phoenix|| Russell Westbrook (33)| Steven Adams (16)| Russell Westbrook (7)| US Airways Center
17,538| 42–32|- style="background:#fcc;"| 75| April 1| Dallas| | Anthony Morrow (32)| Enes Kanter (16)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 42–33|- style="background:#fcc;"| 76| April 3| @ Memphis|  | Enes Kanter (24)| Enes Kanter (17)| Russell Westbrook (7)| FedExForum
18,119| 42–34|- style="background:#fcc;"| 77| April 5| Houston| | Russell Westbrook (40)| Enes Kanter (17)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 42–35|- style="background:#fcc;"| 78| April 7| San Antonio| | Russell Westbrook (17)| Mitch McGary (9)| DJ Augustin (4)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 42–36|- style="background:#cfc;"| 79| April 10| Sacramento| | Russell Westbrook (27)| Steven Adams (11)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 43–36|- style="background:#fcc;"| 80| April 12| @ Indiana|  | Russell Westbrook (54)| Steven Adams (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Bankers Life Fieldhouse
18,165| 43–37|- style="background:#cfc;"| 81| April 13| Portland|  | Russell Westbrook (36)| Enes Kanter (13)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 44–37|- style="background:#cfc;"| 82| April 15| @ Minnesota|  | Russell Westbrook (37)| Enes Kanter (15)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Target Center
18,250| 45–37

text: |- style="background:#fcc;"| 1| October 29| @

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Ibaka

text: Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Moda Center

text: <br>19,411| 0–1|-style="background:#fcc;"|2|October 30| @

text: L.A.Clippers

text: Perry Jones

text: Steven Adams

text: Sebastian Telfair

text: Staples Center

text: <br>19,060| 0–2|- style="background:#cfc;"| 3| November 1|

text: Denver

text: Jones

text: Ibaka

text: Roberson

text: Thomas

text: Sebastian Telfair

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 1–2|- style="background:#fcc;"| 4| November 3| @

text: Brooklyn

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Ibaka

text: Adams

text: Sebastian Telfair

text: Barclays Center

text: <br>17,732| 1–3|- style="background:#fcc;"| 5| November 4| @

text: Toronto

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Air Canada Centre

text: <br>18,877| 1–4|- style="background:#fcc;"| 6| November 7|

text: Memphis

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Steven Adams

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 1–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 7| November 9|

text: Sacramento

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Ibaka

text: Lamb

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 2–5|- style="background:#fcc;"| 8| November 11|  @

text: Milwaukee

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Steven Adams

text: Reggie Jackson

text: BMO Harris Bradley Center

text: <br>12,390| 2–6|- style="background:#cfc;"| 9| November 12| @

text: Boston

text: Jackson

text: Morrow

text: Lance Thomas

text: Reggie Jackson

text: TD Garden

text: <br>17,043| 3–6|- style="background:#fcc;"| 10| November 14|

text: Detroit

text: Jeremy Lamb

text: Ibaka

text: Lamb

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 3–7|- style="background:#fcc;"|11| November 16|

text: Houston

text: Thomas

text: Jackson

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 3–8|- style="background:#fcc;"| 12| November 18| @

text: Utah

text: Jeremy Lamb

text: Thomas

text: Adams

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Energy Solutions Arena

text: <br>17,190| 3–9|- style="background:#fcc;"| 13| November 19| @

text: Denver

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Pepsi Center

text: <br>14,140| 3–10|- style="background:#fcc;"| 14| November 21|

text: Brooklyn

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 3–11|- style="background:#fcc;"| 15| November 23|

text: Golden State

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Anthony Morrow

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 3–12|- style="background:#cfc;"| 16| November 26|

text: Utah

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Steven Adams

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 4–12|- style="background:#cfc;"| 17| November 28|

text: New York

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 5–12|- style="background:#fcc;"| 18| December 2| @

text: New Orleans

text: Kevin Durant

text: Andre Roberson

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Smoothie King Center

text: <br>13,903| 5–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 19| December 5| @

text: Philadelphia

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Wells Fargo Center

text: <br>15,092| 6–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 20| December 7| @

text: Detroit

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Palace of Auburn Hills

text: <br>13,090| 7–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 21| December 9|

text: Milwaukee

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Durant

text: Perkins

text: Durant

text: Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 8–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 22| December 11|

text: Cleveland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 9–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 23| December 12| @

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Target Center

text: <br>13,557| 10–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 24| December 14|

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 11–13|- style="background:#cfc;"| 25| December 16| @

text: Sacramento

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Sleep Train Arena

text: <br>17,317| 12–13|- style="background:#fcc;"| 26| December 18| @

text: Golden State

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Andre Roberson

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Oracle Arena

text: <br>19,596| 12–14|- style="background:#cfc;"| 27| December 19| @

text: L.A.Lakers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>18,997| 13–14|- style="background:#fcc;"| 28| December 21|

text: New Orleans

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 13–15|- style="background:#fcc;"| 29| December 23|

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 13–16|- style="background:#cfc;"| 30| December 25| @

text: San Antonio

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: AT&T Center

text: <br>18,581| 14–16|- style="background:#cfc;"| 31| December 26|

text: Charlotte

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 15–16|- style="background:#fcc;"| 32| December 28| @

text: Dallas

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: American Airlines Center

text: <br>20,417| 15–17|- style="background:#cfc;"| 33| December 31|

text: Phoenix

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 16–17|- style="background:#cfc;"| 34| January 2|

text: Washington

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 17–17|- style="background:#fcc;"| 35| January 5| @

text: Golden State

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Durant

text: Morrow

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Oracle Arena

text: <br>19,596| 17–18|- style="background:#fcc;"| 36| January 7| @

text: Sacramento

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Westbrook

text: Jackson

text: Sleep Train Arena

text: <br>16,037| 17–19|- style="background:#cfc;"| 37| January 9|

text: Utah

text: Kevin Durant

text: Ibaka

text: Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 18–19|- style="background:#fcc;"| 38| January 15| @

text: Houston

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Toyota Center

text: <br>18,315| 18–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 39| January 16|

text: Golden State

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 19–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 40| January 18| @

text: Orlando

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Amway Center

text: <br>16,128| 20–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 41| January 20| @

text: Miami

text: Durant

text: Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kevin Durant

text: American Airlines Arena

text: <br>19,735| 21–20|- style="background:#cfc;"| 42| January 21| @

text: Washington

text: Kevin Durant

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Verizon Center

text: <br>20,356| 22–20|- style="background:#fcc;"| 43| January 23| @

text: Atlanta

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Philips Arena

text: <br>19,203| 22–21|- style="background:#fcc;"| 44| January 25| @

text: Cleveland

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Quicken Loans Arena

text: <br>20,562| 22–22|- style="background:#cfc;"| 45| January 26|

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Westbrook

text: Waiters

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 23–22|- style="background:#fcc;"| 46| January 28| @

text: New York

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Westbrook

text: Jackson

text: Madison Square Garden

text: <br>19,812|23–23|-style="background:#fcc;"|47|January 31|@

text: Memphis

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: FedEx Forum

text: <br>18,119|23–24|- style="background:#cfc;"| 48| February 2|

text: Orlando

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 24–24|- style="background:#cfc;"| 49| February 4| @

text: New Orleans

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Smoothie King Center

text: <br>17,156| 25–24|- style="background:#fcc;"| 50| February 6|

text: New Orleans

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 25–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 51| February 8|

text: L.A.Clippers

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Durant

text: Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 26–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 52| February 9| @

text: Denver

text: Kevin Durant

text: Mitch McGary

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Pepsi Center

text: <br>16,511| 27–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 53| February 11|

text: Memphis

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 28–25|- align="center"|colspan="9" bgcolor="#bbcaff"|

text: All-Star Break

text: |- style="background:#cfc;"| 54| February 19|

text: Dallas

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 29–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 55| February 21| @

text: Charlotte

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Time Warner Cable Arena

text: <br>19,303| 30–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 56| February 22|

text: Denver

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 31–25|- style="background:#cfc;"| 57| February 24|

text: Indiana

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 32–25|- style="background:#fcc;"| 58| February 26| @

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: US Airways Center

text: <br>17,514| 32–26|- style="background:#fcc;"| 59| February 27| @

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Moda Center

text: <br>19,962| 32–27|- style="background:#cfc;"| 60| March 1| @

text: L.A. Lakers

text: Ibaka

text: Augustin

text: Enes Kanter

text: Kanter

text: Augustin

text: Staples Center

text: <br>18,997| 33–27|- style="background:#cfc;"| 61| March 4|

text: Philadelphia

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 34–27|- style="background:#fcc;"| 62| March 5| @

text: Chicago

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: United Center

text: <br>21,696| 34–28|- style="background:#cfc;"| 63| March 8|

text: Toronto

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 35–28|- style="background:#fcc;"| 64| March 11|

text: L.A. Clippers

text: Anthony Morrow

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 35–29|- style="background:#cfc;"| 65| March 13|

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 36–29|- style="background:#cfc;"| 66| March 15|

text: Chicago

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 37–29|- style="background:#fcc;"| 67| March 16| @

text: Dallas

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kanter

text: McGary

text: Russell Westbrook

text: American Airlines Center

text: <br>20,231| 37–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 68| March 18|

text: Boston

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 38–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 69| March 20|

text: Atlanta

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 39–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 70| March 22|

text: Miami

text: Enes Kanter

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 40–30|- style="background:#cfc;"| 71| March 24|

text: L.A. Lakers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 41–30|- style="background:#fcc;"| 72| March 25| @

text: San Antonio

text: Kanter

text: Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: AT&T Center

text: <br>18,581| 41–31|- style="background:#fcc;"| 73| March 28| @

text: Utah

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Energy Solutions Arena

text: <br>19,911| 41–32|-style="background:#cfc;"|74|March 29| @

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: US Airways Center

text: <br>17,538| 42–32|- style="background:#fcc;"| 75| April 1|

text: Dallas

text: Anthony Morrow

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 42–33|- style="background:#fcc;"| 76| April 3| @

text: Memphis

text: Enes Kanter

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: FedExForum

text: <br>18,119| 42–34|- style="background:#fcc;"| 77| April 5|

text: Houston

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 42–35|- style="background:#fcc;"| 78| April 7|

text: San Antonio

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Mitch McGary

text: DJ Augustin

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 42–36|- style="background:#cfc;"| 79| April 10|

text: Sacramento

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 43–36|- style="background:#fcc;"| 80| April 12| @

text: Indiana

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Bankers Life Fieldhouse

text: <br>18,165| 43–37|- style="background:#cfc;"| 81| April 13|

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 44–37|- style="background:#cfc;"| 82| April 15| @

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Target Center

text: <br>18,250| 45–37

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: style="background:#fcc"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: |- style="background:#fcc"| Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The sun is the source of most of our energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the least energy is visible light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may be absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays do not penetrate Earths atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Warm air always sinks to the surface in convection current.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: |- style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Two important greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide and water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a tiny packet of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat travels from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: |- style="background:#fcc]

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Deep purple is part of the ultraviolet spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: br>br>br>

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: |- style="background:#cfc

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy of the sun is the same as the energy of the sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Convection occurs in the air.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's tilt.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: @Milwaukee|

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: BMO Harris Bradley Center

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Russell Westbrook

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Reggie Jackson

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Reggie Jackson (14)|

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 1–2|-

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: br>12,390|

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: style="background:#fcc;"|

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

text: Over land, intense, rapid solar heating of the land surface results in heating of the lowest layers of the atmosphere via reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.  The resulting hotter air is less dense than surrounding cooler air.  This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in the formation of a low pressure area.  Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low as they warm more quickly than the atmosphere which surrounds them at the same altitude.   Over the water, instability lows form during the winter when the air overlying the land is colder than the warmer water body.  Thermal lows tend to have weak circulations, and can extend to  in height.  Thermal lows over the western and southern portions of North America, northern Africa, and southeast Asia are strong enough to lead to summer monsoon conditions.  Development of thermal lows inland of the coastline lead to the development of sea breezes.  Sea breezes combined with rugged topography near the coast can encourage poor air quality.

text: Over land, intense, rapid solar heating of the land surface results in heating of the lowest layers of the atmosphere via reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.  The resulting hotter air is less dense than surrounding cooler air.  This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in the formation of a low pressure area.  Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low as they warm more quickly than the atmosphere which surrounds them at the same altitude.   Over the water, instability lows form during the winter when the air overlying the land is colder than the warmer water body.  Thermal lows tend to have weak circulations, and can extend to  in height.  Thermal lows over the western and southern portions of North America, northern Africa, and southeast Asia are strong enough to lead to summer

text: monsoon

text: conditions.  Development of thermal lows inland of the coastline lead to the development of

text: sea breeze

text: s.  Sea breezes combined with rugged topography near the coast can encourage poor air quality.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal lows

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of spectrum: infrared, infrared spectrum, or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: low pressure area

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: infrared, infrared spectrum, or electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which layer of the atmosphere does conduction occur in?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermal lows tend to have weak circulations

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal lows

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal low

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal lows

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared and solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: thermal lows inland of the coastline lead to the development of sea breezes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal lows

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reradiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal lows

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: intense, rapid solar heating

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: reradiated energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal low

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hotter air is less dense

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: low pressure area.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: weak circulations,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Over land,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sea breezes.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: reradiated energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Over land,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: intense, rapid solar heating

text: The movement of wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices. The energy density (per unit area) of regular sinusoidal waves depends on the water density

text: The movement of wind waves can be captured by

text: wave energy devices

text: . The energy density (per unit area) of regular sinusoidal waves depends on the water

text: density

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The campers are warm because of the heat from the fire

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: regular sinusoidal waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always sinks to the surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Earth's temperature rises

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be captured

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be captured

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is a form of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The color purple is a color associated with the sun.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The density of regular sinusoidal waves depends on the water density

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: regular sinusoidal waves depends on the water density

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy density (per unit area) of regular sinusoidal waves

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy density

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: regular sinusoidal waves depends on the water density

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The movement of wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The energy density

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wave energy devices.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The energy density (per unit area) of regular sinusoidal waves

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The movement of wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The movement of wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wind waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water density

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: wind waves can be captured by wave energy devices.

text: The  Cherenkov Array at Themis (CAT) imager is an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope for detection of high-energy gamma rays (>200 GeV), sited in the French Pyrenees.

text: The  Cherenkov Array at Themis (CAT) imager is an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging

text: telescope

text: for detection of high-energy

text: gamma ray

text: s (>200 GeV), sited in the French Pyrenees.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis (CAT) imager

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis is an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: French Pyrenees.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: detection of high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Cherenkov Array at Themis

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: French Pyrenees.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high-energy gamma rays

text: TXU continued to own transmission and distribution facilities, but was required to open retail sales to competition. Competitors during this time period included Champion Energy, Dynowatt, Texas Power, Reliant Energy, Bounce Energy, Direct Energy, Stream Energy, Gexa Energy, Green Mountain Energy, Cirro Energy, and Commerce Energy. Surprisingly, many utility customers opted to remain with TXU despite active retail competition. [See "Power to Choose: An Analysis of Consumer Behavior in the Texas Retail Electricity Market" with Ali Hortacsu and Seyed Ali Madanizadeh]

text: TXU continued to own transmission and distribution facilities, but was required to open retail sales to competition. Competitors during this time period included

text: Champion Energy

text: Dynowatt

text: Texas Power

text: Reliant Energy

text: Bounce Energy

text: Direct Energy

text: Stream Energy

text: Gexa Energy

text: Green Mountain Energy

text: Cirro Energy

text: , and

text: Commerce Energy

text: . Surprisingly, many utility customers opted to remain with TXU despite active retail competition. [See "Power to Choose: An Analysis of Consumer Behavior in the Texas Retail Electricity Market" with Ali Hortacsu and Seyed Ali Madanizadeh]

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: matter, energy, or air?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bounce Energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What kind of light is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: Warmer, Champion Energy, or Direct Energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Power to Choose: An Analysis of Consumer Behavior

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are two important greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Bounce Energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: bounce energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, green mountain energy, or commerce energy?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: chemical or electrical?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: many utility customers opted to remain with TXU despite active retail competition

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar energy by latitude result in

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Green Mountain Energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Dynowatt, Texas Power, Reliant Energy, Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: despite active retail competition.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: many utility customers opted to remain with TXU

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: despite active retail competition.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: TXU continued to own transmission and distribution facilities,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Champion Energy, Dynowatt,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transmission and distribution facilities,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electricity

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: opted to remain with TXU despite active retail competition.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: TXU

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Dynowatt, Texas Power, Reliant Energy, Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Bounce Energy, Direct Energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Dynowatt, Texas Power, Reliant Energy, Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Bounce Energy, Direct Energy, Stream Energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: many utility customers opted to remain with TXU

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: TXU continued to own transmission and distribution facilities,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Texas Retail Electricity Market"

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: despite active retail competition.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: competition.

text: Singlet oxygen is a high energy form of oxygen.  A gas with the formula O, its physical properties differ only subtly from those of the more prevalent triplet ground state of O.  In terms of its chemical reactivity, however, singlet oxygen is far more reactive toward organic compounds.  It is responsible for the photodegradation of many materials but can be put to constructive use in preparative organic chemistry and photodynamic therapy. Trace amounts of singlet oxygen are found in the upper atmosphere and also in polluted urban atmospheres where it contributes to the formation of lung damaging nitrogen dioxide. It often appears and coexists confounded in environments that also generate ozone, such as pine forests with photodegradation of turpentine.

text: Singlet oxygen is a high energy form of oxygen.  A gas with the formula O, its physical properties differ only subtly from those of the more prevalent

text: triplet

text: ground state

text: of O.  In terms of its chemical reactivity, however, singlet oxygen is far more reactive toward organic compounds.  It is responsible for the

text: photodegradation

text: of many materials but can be put to constructive use in

text: preparative organic chemistry

text: and

text: photodynamic therapy

text: . Trace amounts of singlet oxygen are found in the upper atmosphere and also in polluted urban atmospheres where it contributes to the formation of lung damaging

text: nitrogen dioxide

text: . It often appears and coexists confounded in environments that also generate

text: ozone

text: , such as pine forests with photodegradation of

text: turpentine

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: singlet oxygen or organic compounds?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is singlet oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Singlet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photodegrade turpentine

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Singlet oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is Singlet oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be put to constructive use in preparative organic chemistry and photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a high energy form of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does singlet oxygen contribute to the formation of lung damaging nitrogen dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is responsible for the photodegradation of many materials?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: turpentine

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the more prevalent triplet ground state of O

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photodynamic therapy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Nitrogen dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: singlet oxygen is far more reactive toward organic compounds.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lung damaging nitrogen dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Trace amounts of singlet oxygen are found in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: preparative organic chemistry and photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: triplet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photodynamic therapy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Singlet oxygen is a high energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: pine forests

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: nitrogen dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Singlet oxygen

text: Abdussamatov holds that Earth's atmosphere does not produce a greenhouse effect, stating "Ascribing 'greenhouse' effect properties to the Earth's atmosphere is not scientifically substantiated." He further states that  "Heated greenhouse gases, which become lighter as a result of expansion, ascend to the atmosphere only to give the absorbed heat away."  However, this effect cannot happen because the mean free path of molecules in the atmosphere is very short, transferring energy by collisions and preventing greenhouse gases from retaining the excess energy they absorb.

text: Abdussamatov holds that Earth's atmosphere does not produce a

text: greenhouse effect

text: , stating "Ascribing 'greenhouse' effect properties to the Earth's atmosphere is not scientifically substantiated." He further states that  "Heated greenhouse gases, which become lighter as a result of expansion, ascend to the atmosphere only to give the absorbed heat away."  However, this effect cannot happen because the

text: mean free path

text: of molecules in the atmosphere is very short, transferring energy by collisions and preventing greenhouse gases from retaining the excess energy they absorb.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does Abdussamatov hold?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Abdussamatov hold about the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: mean free path

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why does Abdussamatov hold that Earth's atmosphere does not produce a greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not scientifically substantiated

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: transferring energy by collisions

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What does Abdussamatov hold that Earth's atmosphere does not produce?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Abdussamatov hold?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not scientifically substantiated

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: collisions and preventing greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse gases from retaining the excess energy they absorb

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's atmosphere does not produce a greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earth's atmosphere does not produce a greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat away."

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the mean free path of molecules in the atmosphere is very short,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: transferring energy by collisions

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the mean free path of molecules in the atmosphere is very short,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "Heated greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "Heated greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: molecules in the atmosphere is very short, transferring energy by collisions

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "Heated greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Abdussamatov

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "Heated greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the mean free path of molecules in the atmosphere is very short,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the mean free path of molecules in the atmosphere is very short,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse gases from retaining the excess energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: molecules in the atmosphere is very short, transferring energy by collisions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: excess energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "Heated greenhouse gases,

text: With all photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished, and is eventually removed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, perhaps from volcanic eruptions. Eventually the loss of oxygen will cause all remaining aerobic life to die out via asphyxiation, leaving behind only simple anaerobic prokaryotes. When the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years, Earth will suffer a moist greenhouse effect resulting in its oceans boiling away, while the Earth's liquid outer core freezes due to the inner core's expansion and causes the Earth's magnetic field to shut down. In the absence of a magnetic field, charged particles from the Sun will deplete the atmosphere and further increase the Earth's temperature to an average of ~420 K (147 °C, 296 °F) in 2.8 billion years, causing the last remaining life on Earth to die out. This is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event. Since this will only happen late in the Sun's life, such will cause the final mass extinction in Earth's history (albeit a very long extinction event).

text: With all photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished, and is eventually removed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, perhaps from volcanic eruptions. Eventually the loss of oxygen will cause all remaining aerobic life to die out via asphyxiation, leaving behind only simple anaerobic prokaryotes. When the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years, Earth will suffer a moist greenhouse effect resulting in its oceans boiling away, while the Earth's liquid outer core freezes due to the inner core's expansion and causes the Earth's magnetic field to shut down. In the absence of a magnetic field, charged particles from the Sun will deplete the atmosphere and further increase the Earth's temperature to an average of ~420 K (147 °C, 296 °F) in 2.8 billion years, causing the last remaining life on Earth to die out. This is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event. Since this will only happen late in the Sun's life, such will cause the final mass extinction in Earth's history (albeit a very long extinction event).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: What will cause the final mass extinction on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What will cause the final mass extinction on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the last remaining life on Earth to die out

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What will happen if the Sun becomes 10% brighter?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What will happen late in the Sun's life?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why would the last remaining life on Earth die out?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the last remaining life on Earth to die out

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a photon?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: chemical reactions in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: When the Sun becomes 10% brighter

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the Earth's magnetic field to shut down.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: volcanic eruptions.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: volcanic eruptions.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: When the Sun becomes 10% brighter

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic field to shut down. In the absence of a magnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: <unk>420 K

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: volcanic eruptions.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: moist greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: moist greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun becomes 10% brighter

text: The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the greenhouse gases. Clouds are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.<ref name="kiehl197">{{cite journal| url=http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget| first=J.T.| last=Kiehl|author2=Kevin E. Trenberth| format=PDF|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society| pages=197–208| volume=78| issue=2| year=1997| accessdate=1 May 2006| doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078

text: The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect,

text: clouds

text: , also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the greenhouse gases. Clouds are water droplets or

text: ice crystal

text: s suspended in the atmosphere.<ref name="kiehl197">{{cite journal| url=http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget| first=J.T.| last=Kiehl|author2=Kevin E. Trenberth| format=PDF|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society| pages=197–208| volume=78| issue=2| year=1997| accessdate=1 May 2006| doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ref name="kiehl197">

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ref name="kiehl197"> cite journal

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: name="electromagnetic">

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What kind of light has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are a type of flow of air.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ref name="kiehl197">

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ref name="kiehl197"> cite journal

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy by a current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: name="purple">

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ref name="kiehl197"> cite journal| url=http://atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer by direct contact between molecules

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: last=Kiehl|author2=Kevin E. Trenberth|

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Clouds are water droplets or ice crystals

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: clouds,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget|

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: clouds,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: title=Earth's annual global mean energy budget|

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: name="kiehl197">

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: water droplets or ice crystals

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: name="kiehl197">

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: non-gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The major non-gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds,

text: Infrared absorption bands trap heat from escaping earth's atmosphere. In the case of CFCs, the strongest of these bands are located in the spectral region 7.8–15.3 µm  – referred to as an atmospheric window due to the relative transparency of the atmosphere within this region. The strength of CFC bands and the unique susceptibility of the atmosphere, at which the compound absorbs and emits radiation, are two factors that contribute to CFCs' "super" greenhouse effect. Another such factor is the low concentration of the compound. Because CO is close to saturation with high concentrations, it takes more of the substance to enhance the greenhouse effect. Conversely, the low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

text: Infrared absorption bands trap heat from escaping earth's atmosphere. In the case of CFCs, the strongest of these bands are located in the spectral region 7.8–15.3

text: µm

text: – referred to as an atmospheric window due to the relative transparency of the atmosphere within this region. The strength of CFC bands and the unique susceptibility of the atmosphere, at which the compound absorbs and emits radiation, are two factors that contribute to CFCs' "super" greenhouse effect. Another such factor is the low concentration of the compound. Because CO is close to saturation with high concentrations, it takes more of the substance to enhance the greenhouse effect. Conversely, the low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: CO, CO2 or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the strongest of these bands located in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: CFCs

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a factor contributing to CFCs' "super" greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does the greenhouse effect cause more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: escaping earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CFCs' "super" greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 7.8–15.3 <unk>m

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CFCs,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric window

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 7.8–15.3 <unk>m

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat from escaping earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: mass.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: low concentration of CFCs allow their effects to increase linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CFCs,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Infrared absorption bands trap heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Infrared absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: escaping earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CFCs,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: linearly with mass.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: escaping earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat from escaping earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CFCs' "super" greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: escaping earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The strength of CFC bands and the unique susceptibility of the atmosphere,

text: The kinetic energy in the moving cyclist and the bicycle can be converted to other forms.  For example, the cyclist could encounter a hill just high enough to coast up, so that the bicycle comes to a complete halt at the top.  The kinetic energy has now largely been converted to gravitational potential energy that can be released by freewheeling down the other side of the hill.  Since the bicycle lost some of its energy to friction, it never regains all of its speed without additional pedaling. The energy is not destroyed; it has only been converted to another form by friction. Alternatively the cyclist could connect a dynamo to one of the wheels and generate some electrical energy on the descent.  The bicycle would be traveling slower at the bottom of the hill than without the generator because some of the energy has been diverted into electrical energy.  Another possibility would be for the cyclist to apply the brakes, in which case the kinetic energy would be dissipated through friction as heat.

text: The kinetic energy in the moving cyclist and the bicycle can be converted to other forms.  For example, the cyclist could encounter a hill just high enough to coast up, so that the bicycle comes to a complete halt at the top.  The kinetic energy has now largely been converted to gravitational potential energy that can be released by freewheeling down the other side of the hill.  Since the bicycle lost some of its energy to friction, it never regains all of its speed without additional pedaling. The energy is not destroyed; it has only been converted to another form by friction. Alternatively the cyclist could connect a

text: dynamo

text: to one of the wheels and generate some electrical energy on the descent.  The bicycle would be traveling slower at the bottom of the hill than without the generator because some of the energy has been diverted into electrical energy.  Another possibility would be for the cyclist to apply the brakes, in which case the kinetic energy would be dissipated through friction as

text: heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Friction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a person

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of heat?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be converted to other forms

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be released by freewheeling

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of heat?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Friction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Gravitational potential energy and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the bicycle never regains all of its speed without additional pedaling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Gravitational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heats the air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: friction.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: friction.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: friction,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: friction,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: friction as heat.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: dynamo to one of the wheels and generate some electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The energy is not destroyed;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generate some electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The kinetic energy in the moving cyclist

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: friction as heat.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: friction,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: destroyed;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hill

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational potential energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy

text: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. Although individual CO molecules have a short residence time in the atmosphere, it takes an extremely long time for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises, due to e.g. volcanic eruptions or human activity and among the many long-lasting greenhouse gases, it is the most important because it makes up the largest fraction of the atmosphere.Since the industrial revolution, the CO concentration in the atmosphere has risen from about 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm. Although the amount of CO introduced makes up only a small portion of the global carbon cycle, carbon dioxide's long residence time makes these emissions relevant for the total carbon balance. The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing changes to the global climate. Of the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that are introduced to the atmosphere each year, approximately 80% are from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. The other ~20% originate from land use change and deforestation. Because gaseous carbon dioxide does not react quickly with other chemicals, the main processes that change the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere involve exchanges with the earth's other carbon reservoirs, as explained in the following sections.

text: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures through the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Although individual CO molecules have a short

text: residence time

text: in the atmosphere, it takes an extremely long time for carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises, due to e.g. volcanic eruptions or human activity and among the many long-lasting greenhouse gases, it is the most important because it makes up the largest fraction of the atmosphere.Since the

text: industrial revolution

text: , the CO concentration in the atmosphere has risen from about 280 ppm to almost 400 ppm. Although the amount of CO introduced makes up only a small portion of the global carbon cycle, carbon dioxide's long residence time makes these emissions relevant for the total carbon balance. The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing changes to the global

text: climate

text: . Of the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that are introduced to the atmosphere each year, approximately 80% are from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. The other ~20% originate from land use change and deforestation. Because gaseous carbon dioxide does not react quickly with other chemicals, the main processes that change the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere involve exchanges with the earth's other carbon reservoirs, as explained in the following sections.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a long-lasting greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause global temperatures to increase

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Because gaseous carbon dioxide does not react quickly with other chemicals

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, land use change, or deforestation?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: carbon dioxide has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which greenhouse gas has a large warming effect on global temperatures through the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a CO molecule?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels and cement production

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: individual CO molecules have a short residence time in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: human activity emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: carbon dioxide levels to sink after sudden rises,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: human activity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO molecules

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: deforestation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: CO molecules have a short residence time

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Carbon dioxide () has a large warming effect on global temperatures

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: The game's environment is displayed in first person view with the player seeing the world through the suit's helmet. A targeting crosshair displayed in the helmet's HUD allowing the player to fire the suit's weapon at specific locations. The player can move in all directions by walking or activating the jetpack. The suit is powered by an energy source that gets depleted with every movement and it is allocated between "shields" and "fuel". When the shields charge is depleted, the player is vulnerable to enemy fire and simply bumping into walls can end the game. Fuel is vital for horizontal and vertical movement and the game ends as soon as its depleted. There are a number of "recharge" points (in the form of columns) hidden in the game where the player can replenish the suit's energy supply. There are also a number of energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

text: The game's environment is displayed in

text: first person view

text: with the player seeing the world through the suit's helmet. A targeting crosshair displayed in the helmet's

text: HUD

text: allowing the player to fire the suit's weapon at specific locations. The player can move in all directions by walking or activating the jetpack. The suit is powered by an energy source that gets depleted with every movement and it is allocated between "shields" and "fuel". When the shields charge is depleted, the player is vulnerable to enemy fire and simply bumping into walls can end the game. Fuel is vital for horizontal and vertical movement and the game ends as soon as its depleted. There are a number of "recharge" points (in the form of columns) hidden in the game where the player can replenish the suit's energy supply. There are also a number of energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: How does the suit get depleted?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the suit emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the suit to deplete its energy supply

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: shields or fuel?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy conversion devices?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: How does the suit get depleted?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Fuel is vital for horizontal and vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the suit powered by?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: What is the suit powered by?

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transforming shield energy to fuel

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the suit?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is the suit powered by?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: jetpack

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: shields and fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The suit is powered by an energy source that gets depleted with every movement

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: How does the player move in the game?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Jetpack

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: reducing the suit's energy supply

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heats the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: targeting crosshair

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "fuel".

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "fuel".

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the player is vulnerable to enemy fire

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "recharge" points

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "fuel".

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy source that gets depleted with every movement

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The player can move in all directions by walking or activating the jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "fuel".

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: walls

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: "shields" and "fuel".

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: jetpack.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy conversion devices that allow transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Fuel is vital for horizontal and vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: transforming shield energy to fuel and vice versa.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy source that gets depleted with every movement

text: After Inkwel's leaving the group, Blueprint and Manifest released the album, Columbus or Bust, in 2005. In 2009, it was announced that Illogic replaced Manifest and that Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

text: After Inkwel's leaving the group, Blueprint and Manifest released the album, Columbus or Bust, in 2005. In 2009, it was announced that

text: Illogic

text: replaced Manifest and that Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is Columbus or Bust?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change the name to Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, Columbus or Bust was released or Illogic replaced Manifest?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: inkwel's

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which happened first, Columbus or Bust was released or Illogic replaced Manifest?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Illogic replaced Manifest

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Columbus or Bust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Manifest released the album, Columbus or Bust,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Columbus or Bust,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Manifest released the album, Columbus or Bust,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Columbus or Bust,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: album, Columbus or Bust,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: After Inkwel's

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse Effect changed the name to Greenhouse.

text: Furthermore, electromagnetic energy is light energy, but only a small part of it is visible light. This energy travels in waves. Shorter wavelengths, such as visible light and infrared, carry more energy per photon than longer waves, such as microwaves and radio waves. For the sciences, the light spectrum is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.

text: Furthermore, electromagnetic energy is light energy, but only a small part of it is

text: visible light

text: . This energy travels in waves. Shorter wavelengths, such as visible light and

text: infrared

text: , carry more energy per

text: photon

text: than longer waves, such as

text: microwave

text: s and

text: radio waves

text: . For the

text: science

text: s, the light spectrum is known as the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the light spectrum known as?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: shorter wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is light energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave: visible light, infrared, or radio waves?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: only a small part of it is visible light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: waves.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the light spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light and infrared,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the light spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Shorter wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: microwaves and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Shorter wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Shorter wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy travels in waves.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwaves and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwaves and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy is light energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: waves. Shorter wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: waves.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

text: The Earth, and all living things on it, are constantly bombarded by radiation from outside our solar system. This cosmic radiation consists of relativistic particles: positively charged nuclei (ions) from 1 amu protons (about 85% of it) to 26 amu iron nuclei and even beyond. (The high-atomic number particles are called HZE ions.) The energy of this radiation can far exceed that which humans can create, even in the largest particle accelerators (see ultra-high-energy cosmic ray). This radiation interacts in the atmosphere to create secondary radiation that rains down, including x-rays, muons, protons, antiprotons, alpha particles, pions, electrons, positrons, and neutrons.

text: The Earth, and all living things on it, are constantly bombarded by radiation from outside our solar system. This cosmic radiation consists of relativistic particles: positively charged nuclei (ions) from 1

text: amu

text: proton

text: s (about 85% of it) to 26 amu

text: iron

text: nuclei

text: and even beyond. (The high-atomic number particles are called

text: HZE ions

text: .) The energy of this radiation can far exceed that which humans can create, even in the largest

text: particle accelerator

text: s (see

text: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

text: ). This radiation interacts in the atmosphere to create secondary radiation that rains down, including

text: x-rays

text: muon

text: s,

text: proton

text: s,

text: antiproton

text: s,

text: alpha particle

text: s,

text: pion

text: s,

text: electron

text: s,

text: positron

text: s, and

text: neutron

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle: protons, neutrons, or neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: How many amu iron nuclei does the Earth have?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle: protons, neutrons, or neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation: cosmic radiation, iron nuclei, or cosmic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The energy of this radiation can far exceed that which humans can create

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: positrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation: HZE ions or iron nuclei?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: x-rays, muons, protons, antiprotons, alpha particles, pions, electrons, positrons, and neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: x-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: x-rays, muons, protons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: humans can create

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: secondary radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outside our solar system

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by cosmic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: radiation from outside our solar system.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: secondary radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation from outside our solar system.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: cosmic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: rains down,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray).

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray).

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: secondary radiation that rains down,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy of this radiation can far exceed that which humans can create,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: secondary radiation that rains down,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Earth, and all living things on it, are constantly bombarded

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiation from outside our solar system.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: create,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: humans can create,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Earth, and all living things on it, are constantly bombarded

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: HZE ions.)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: secondary radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: secondary radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: HZE ions.)

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: secondary radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation can far exceed that which humans can create,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: humans can create,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere to create secondary radiation that rains down,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: secondary radiation that rains down,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiation from outside our solar system.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiation from outside our solar system.

text: The dominant loss process for Venus' atmosphere is through electric force field acceleration. As electrons are less massive than other particles, they are more likely to escape from the top of Venus's ionosphere. As a result, a minor net positive charge develops. That net positive charge, in turn, creates an electric field that can accelerate other positive charges out of the atmosphere. As a result, H ions are accelerated beyond escape velocity. Other important loss processes on Venus are photochemical reactions driven by Venus's proximity to the Sun. Photochemical reactions rely on the splitting of molecules into constituent atoms, often with a significant portion of the kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy to escape. Oxygen, relative to hydrogen, is not of sufficiently low mass to escape through this mechanism.

text: The dominant loss process for Venus' atmosphere is through electric force field acceleration. As electrons are less massive than other particles, they are more likely to escape from the top of Venus's ionosphere. As a result, a minor net positive charge develops. That net positive charge, in turn, creates an electric field that can accelerate other positive charges out of the atmosphere. As a result, H ions are accelerated beyond escape velocity. Other important loss processes on Venus are

text: photochemical

text: reactions driven by Venus's proximity to the Sun. Photochemical reactions rely on the splitting of molecules into constituent atoms, often with a significant portion of the kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy to escape. Oxygen, relative to hydrogen, is not of sufficiently low mass to escape through this mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the dominant loss process for Venus' atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: what is the dominant loss process for Venus' atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: accelerate other positive charges out of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of reaction?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of loss process for Venus?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: H ions

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric force field acceleration

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of loss process for Venus?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of photochemical reaction?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Oxygen is not of sufficiently low mass to escape through this mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Venus's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by Venus's proximity to the Sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric force field acceleration.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electric force field acceleration.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Venus's proximity to the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Photochemical reactions rely on the splitting of molecules into constituent atoms,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electric force field acceleration.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Venus's proximity to the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: photochemical reactions driven by Venus's proximity to the Sun.

text: Space telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope has signified a new era of detailed observations of faint objects from afar in all of the electromagnetic spectrum. This includes faint objects in the Solar system, such as Neptune. Adaptive optics technology has also allowed for detailed observations of faint objects from ground-based telescopes and this technology has been used since 1997 to obtain scientific information on Neptune and its atmosphere. These image recordings now exceed the capability of HST by far and in some instances even the Voyager images, such as Uranus. Ground-based observations are however always limited in their registration of electromagnetic waves of certain wavelengths, due to the inevitable atmospheric absorption, in particular of high energy waves.

text: Space telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope has signified a new era of detailed observations of faint objects from afar in all of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . This includes faint objects in the Solar system, such as Neptune.

text: Adaptive optics

text: technology has also allowed for detailed observations of faint objects from ground-based telescopes and this technology has been used since 1997 to obtain scientific information on Neptune and its atmosphere. These image recordings now exceed the capability of HST by far and in some instances even the Voyager images, such as Uranus. Ground-based observations are however always limited in their registration of electromagnetic waves of certain wavelengths, due to the inevitable

text: atmospheric absorption

text: , in particular of high energy waves.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: electromagnetic waves, atmospheric absorption, or high energy waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the Hubble Space Telescope signify?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: These image recordings now exceed the capability of HST by far

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of absorption?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atmospheric absorption, in particular of high energy waves.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Neptune

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric absorption

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Space telescopes

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Ground-based observations are however always limited in their registration of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: image recordings now exceed the capability of HST

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Neptune.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Ground-based observations are however always limited in their registration of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high energy waves.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric absorption,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: high energy waves.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high energy waves.

text: As the hot gases that comprise Jupiter's atmosphere rise from lower levels to higher levels, eddies form and converge. As cooler gas falls back, the Coriolis force causes swirling motion across a region that may be many kilometers in diameter. These eddies can last for a long time, because there is no solid surface to provide friction and because colder cloud tops above the eddy allow little energy to escape by radiation. Once formed, such eddies are free to move, merging with or affecting the behavior of other storm systems in the atmosphere. It is theorized that this mechanism formed the Great Red Spot. According to this theory, many adjacent eddies are engulfed and merge with the spot, adding to the energy of the storm and contributing to its longevity.

text: As the hot gases that comprise Jupiter's

text: atmosphere

text: rise from lower levels to higher levels,

text: eddies

text: form and converge. As cooler gas falls back, the

text: Coriolis force

text: causes swirling motion across a region that may be many kilometers in diameter. These eddies can last for a long time, because there is no solid surface to provide

text: friction

text: and because colder cloud tops above the eddy allow little energy to escape by

text: radiation

text: . Once formed, such eddies are free to move, merging with or affecting the behavior of other storm systems in the atmosphere. It is theorized that this mechanism formed the Great Red Spot. According to this theory, many adjacent eddies are engulfed and merge with the spot, adding to the energy of the storm and contributing to its longevity.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a solid surface?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy escape by radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Coriolis force

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause eddies to form

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: eddies are free to move

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy to escape by radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: colder cloud tops above the eddy allow little energy to escape

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Jupiter's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: eddies

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Jupiter's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: hot gases that comprise Jupiter's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: eddies

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Coriolis force

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy to escape

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: little energy to escape by radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: eddies

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: eddies

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Coriolis force

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy to escape by radiation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: affecting the behavior of other storm systems in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: As the hot gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: little energy to escape by radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: eddies

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Great Red Spot.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: hot gases that comprise Jupiter's atmosphere rise from lower levels to higher levels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: hot gases

text: Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.  Radio waves have frequencies as high as 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, though some definitions describe waves above 1 or 3 GHz as microwaves, or include waves of any lower frequency. At 300 GHz, the corresponding wavelength is , and at 3 kHz is . Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed  of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are generated by lightning, or by astronomical objects.

text: Radio waves are a type of

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: with

text: wavelength

text: s in the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: longer than

text: infrared

text: light.  Radio waves have

text: frequencies

text: as high as 300

text: GHz

text: to as low as 3

text: kHz

text: , though some definitions describe waves above 1 or 3 GHz as

text: microwaves

text: , or include waves of any lower frequency. At 300 GHz, the corresponding wavelength is , and at 3 kHz is . Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the

text: speed  of light

text: . Naturally occurring radio waves are generated by

text: lightning

text: , or by

text: astronomical objects

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Radio waves travel at the speed of light?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How do radio waves travel at the speed of light?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always sinks to the surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more radio waves

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The corresponding wavelength is

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Infrared light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: longer than infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radio waves are generated by lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radio waves are generated by lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: they travel at the speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Naturally occurring radio waves are generated by lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: lightning, or by astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radio waves are generated by lightning, or by astronomical objects.

text: The loss of the Martian magnetic field strongly affected surface environments through atmospheric loss and increased radiation; this change significantly degraded surface habitability. When there was a magnetic field, the atmosphere would have been protected from erosion by solar wind, which would ensure the maintenance of a dense atmosphere, necessary for liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars. The loss of the atmosphere was accompanied by decreasing temperatures. A part of the liquid water inventory sublimed and was transported to the poles, while the rest becametrapped in a subsurface ice layer.

text: The loss of the Martian

text: magnetic field

text: strongly affected surface environments through atmospheric loss and increased radiation; this change significantly degraded surface habitability. When there was a magnetic field, the atmosphere would have been protected from erosion by

text: solar wind

text: , which would ensure the maintenance of a dense atmosphere, necessary for liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars. The loss of the atmosphere was accompanied by decreasing temperatures. A part of the liquid water inventory sublimed and was transported to the poles, while the rest becametrapped in a subsurface ice layer.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not necessary for liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of radiation did the loss of the Martian magnetic field cause?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase surface temperatures

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What would happen if there was a magnetic field?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which happened first, atmospheric loss or increased radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, the loss of the atmosphere or the loss of the magnetic field?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the loss of the Martian magnetic field affect surface environments?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: degraded surface habitability

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or solar wind?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a solar wind?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the loss of the Martian magnetic field affect surface environments?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the loss of the Martian magnetic field affect surface environments?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the atmosphere would have been protected from erosion by solar wind

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: decreasing temperatures

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar wind

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric loss and increased radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: decreasing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation;

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation;

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: erosion by solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiation;

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The loss of the Martian magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: erosion by solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: decreasing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: decreasing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: habitability.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: liquid water

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: radiation;

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The loss of the Martian magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation;

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: erosion by solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: decreasing temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric loss and increased radiation;

text: The Q band is a range of frequencies contained in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Common usage places this range between 33 to 50 GHz, but may vary depending on the source using the term. The foregoing range corresponds to the recommended frequency band of operation of WR22 waveguides. These frequencies are equivalent to wavelengths between 9 mm and 6 mm. The Q band is in the EHF range of the radio spectrum.

text: The Q band is a range of frequencies contained in the

text: microwave

text: region of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Common usage places this range between 33 to 50

text: GHz

text: , but may vary depending on the source using the term. The foregoing range corresponds to the recommended frequency band of operation of

text: waveguides. These frequencies are equivalent to

text: wavelength

text: s between 9 mm and 6 mm. The Q band is in the

text: EHF

text: range of the

text: radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the Q band part of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vary depending on the source using the term

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Q band

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: WR22 waveguides

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Q band is in the EHF range of the radio spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the Q band

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Q band

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: WR22 waveguides

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Q band is a range of frequencies contained in the microwave region

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Q band

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Q band

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: WR22 waveguides.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelengths between 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wavelengths between 9 mm and 6 mm.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Q band

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The Q band

text: The ability of the Nimbus satellites to detect electromagnetic energy in multiple wavelengths (multi-spectral data), in particular the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, made it possible for scientists to look into the atmosphere and tell the difference between water vapor and liquid water in clouds. In addition, they were able to measure atmospheric temperature even in the presence of clouds, a capability that allowed scientists to take the temperature in the "warm core" of hurricanes.

text: The ability of the Nimbus satellites to detect

text: electromagnetic energy

text: in multiple

text: wavelength

text: s (multi-spectral data), in particular the

text: microwave

text: region of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , made it possible for scientists to look into the atmosphere and tell the difference between

text: water vapor

text: and liquid water in clouds. In addition, they were able to measure atmospheric temperature even in the presence of clouds, a capability that allowed scientists to take the temperature in the "warm core" of

text: hurricane

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vaporize water in clouds

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of hurricanes?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of hurricanes?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: allowed scientists to take the temperature in the "warm core" of hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: microwave region

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ability of the Nimbus satellites to detect electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: tell the difference between water vapor and liquid water in clouds.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The ability of the Nimbus satellites to detect electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic energy in multiple wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: "warm core" of hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

text: The situation in which convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air are above a particular region of air. The effect of having warm air above a cooler air parcel is to prevent the cooler air parcel from rising into the atmosphere. This creates a stable region of air. Convective inhibition indicates the amount of energy that will be required to force the cooler packet of air to rise. This energy comes from fronts, heating, moistening, or mesoscale convergence boundaries such as outflow and sea breeze boundaries, or orographic lift.

text: The situation in which convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air are above a particular region of air. The effect of having warm air above a cooler air parcel is to prevent the cooler air parcel from rising into the atmosphere. This creates a stable region of air. Convective inhibition indicates the amount of energy that will be required to force the cooler packet of air to rise. This energy comes from

text: fronts

text: , heating, moistening, or

text: mesoscale

text: convergence boundaries such as outflow and sea breeze boundaries, or

text: orographic lift

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: fronts, heating, moistening, or mesoscale convergence boundaries

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for convective inhibition?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: fronts, heating, moistening, or orographic lift?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convective inhibition?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an example of convective inhibition: fronts, heating, moistening, or orographic lift?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: creation, destruction, or moisture?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Convective inhibition indicates

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Convective inhibition indicates the amount of energy that will be required to force the cooler packet of air to rise

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sea breeze boundaries

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Moisture

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fronts, heating, moistening

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Warm air above a cooler air parcel is to prevent the cooler air parcel from rising into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: layers of warmer air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: orographic lift.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: situation in which convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The situation in which convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sea breeze

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The situation in which convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: air.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: moistening,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The situation in which convective inhibition

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fronts, heating, moistening,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: layers of warmer air are above a particular region of air.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: fronts,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: orographic lift.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: warmer air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: layers of warmer air are above a particular region of air.

text: The magnetic field of a star can be measured by means of the Zeeman effect. Normally the atoms in a star's atmosphere will absorb certain frequencies of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum, producing characteristic dark absorption lines in the spectrum. When the atoms are within a magnetic field, however, these lines become split into multiple, closely spaced lines. The energy also becomes polarized with an orientation that depends on orientation of the magnetic field. Thus the strength and direction of the star's magnetic field can be determined by examination of the Zeeman effect lines.

text: The magnetic field of a star can be measured by means of the

text: Zeeman effect

text: . Normally the atoms in a star's atmosphere will absorb certain frequencies of energy in the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , producing characteristic dark

text: absorption line

text: s in the spectrum. When the atoms are within a magnetic field, however, these lines become split into multiple, closely spaced lines. The energy also becomes

text: polarized

text: with an orientation that depends on orientation of the magnetic field. Thus the strength and direction of the star's magnetic field can be determined by examination of the Zeeman effect lines.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum do the atoms in a star's atmosphere absorb?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: the Zeeman effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce polarized lines in the spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: polarized

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Zeeman effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atoms in a star's atmosphere will absorb certain frequencies of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: star's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: polarization

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by a magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Zeeman effect.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: polarized

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: frequencies of energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dark absorption lines

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: dark absorption lines

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb certain frequencies of energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The magnetic field of a star

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy in the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: When the atoms are within a magnetic field,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The magnetic field of a star

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Zeeman effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy in the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Zeeman effect.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: frequencies of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: polarized

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Zeeman effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The magnetic field of a star

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: polarized

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absorb certain frequencies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The magnetic field of a star

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dark absorption lines

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: frequencies of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atoms in a star's atmosphere will absorb certain frequencies of energy

text: Solar energy is absorbed throughout the atmosphere some of the most significant in this context are water vapor at (~0–15 km) in the troposphere, ozone at (~30 to 60 km) in the stratosphere and molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen at (~120 to 170 km) in the thermosphere. Variations in the global distribution and density of these species result in changes in the amplitude of the solar tides. The tides are also affected by the environment through which they travel.

text: Solar energy is absorbed throughout the atmosphere some of the most significant in this context are

text: water vapor

text: at (~0–15 km) in the

text: troposphere

text: ozone

text: at (~30 to 60 km) in the

text: stratosphere

text: and molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen at (~120 to 170 km) in the

text: thermosphere

text: . Variations in the global distribution and density of these species result in changes in the amplitude of the solar tides. The tides are also affected by the environment through which they travel.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not affected by the environment through which they travel?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: in the troposphere

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change the amplitude of the solar tides

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of molecule: water vapor, ozone or molecular nitrogen?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not affected by the environment through which they travel?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is affected by the environment

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is absorbed throughout the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar tides

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The tides are also affected by the environment through which they travel.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the amplitude of the solar tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy absorbed throughout the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The tides are also affected by the environment

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar tides.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar tides.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Solar energy is absorbed

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: tides.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: troposphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: changes in the amplitude of the solar tides.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar energy

text: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum, only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface. These bands are visible – near-infrared and a portion of the radio-wave part of the spectrum. For this reason there are no X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes as these have to be observed from orbit. Even if a wavelength is observable from the ground, it might still be advantageous to place a telescope on a satellite due to astronomical seeing.

text: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum, only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface. These bands are visible – near-infrared and a portion of the radio-wave part of the spectrum. For this reason there are no X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes as these have to be observed from orbit. Even if a wavelength is observable from the ground, it might still be advantageous to place a telescope on a satellite due to

text: astronomical seeing

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio-wave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the atmosphere opaque for most of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the atmosphere is opaque

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: even if a wavelength is observable

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there are no X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: astronomical seeing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: near-infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: near-infrared and a portion of the radio-wave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: near-infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: astronomical seeing.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: astronomical seeing.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Since the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio-wave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: X-ray or far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray or far-infrared ground-based telescopes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: near-infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: astronomical seeing.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: orbit.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: only a few bands can be observed from the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere is opaque for most of the electromagnetic spectrum,

text: Knowing the approximate area covered by starspots from the size of the variations, and the field strength estimated from the chromospheric activity, allows an estimate of the total energy stored in the magnetic field; in all cases there was enough energy stored in the field to account for even the largest superflares. Both the photometric and the spectroscopic observations are consistent with the theory that superflares are different only in scale from solar flares, and can be accounted for by the release of magnetic energy in active regions very much larger than those on the Sun. Nevertheless, these regions can appear on stars with masses, temperatures, compositions, rotation speeds and ages similar to the Sun.

text: Knowing the approximate area covered by starspots from the size of the variations, and the field strength estimated from the chromospheric activity, allows an estimate of the total energy stored in the magnetic field; in all cases there was enough energy stored in the field to account for even the largest superflares. Both the photometric and the spectroscopic observations are consistent with the theory that superflares are different only in scale from solar flares, and can be accounted for by the release of magnetic energy in active regions very much larger than those on the Sun. Nevertheless, these regions can appear on stars with masses, temperatures, compositions, rotation speeds and ages similar to the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy stored in the magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: superflares

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What can be accounted for by the release of magnetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: superflares

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: superflares

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there was enough energy stored in the field to account for even the largest superflares

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: superflares

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Knowing the approximate area covered by starspots

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar flares,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: spectroscopic

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: superflares are different only in scale from solar flares,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: superflares.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: spectroscopic

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar flares,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar flares,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Knowing the approximate area covered by starspots

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy stored in the magnetic field;

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: chromospheric activity,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: superflares.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy stored in the magnetic field;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ages similar to the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Knowing the approximate area covered by starspots

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: chromospheric activity,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: spectroscopic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: spectroscopic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: magnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: superflares are different only in scale from solar flares,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic field;

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy stored in the magnetic field;

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: release of magnetic energy

text: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth, many of the other astronomical objects in the Solar System have atmospheres. These include all the gas giants, as well as Mars, Venus, and Pluto. Several moons and other bodies also have atmospheres, as do comets and the Sun. There is evidence that extrasolar planets can have an atmosphere. Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric processes such as the greenhouse effect, aerosol and cloud physics, and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics.

text: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth, many of the other

text: astronomical object

text: s in the

text: Solar System

text: have

text: atmosphere

text: s. These include all the

text: gas giants

text: , as well as

text: Mars

text: Venus

text: , and

text: Pluto

text: . Several

text: moons

text: and other bodies also have atmospheres, as do

text: comet

text: s and the

text: Sun

text: . There is evidence that

text: extrasolar planet

text: s can have an atmosphere. Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric processes such as the

text: greenhouse effect

text: aerosol

text: and cloud physics, and

text: atmospheric chemistry

text: and dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant: Mars, Venus, or Pluto?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do comets and the sun have in common?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a comet?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant: Mars, Venus, or Pluto?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant: Mars, Venus, or Pluto?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: comet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gas giants, comets and the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Pluto is not a planet

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: comets and the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric chemistry and dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: comets and the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth, many of the other astronomical objects in the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: atmospheric chemistry

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: extraterrestrial

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: extraterrestrial

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gas giants,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: extraterrestrial

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cloud

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric processes

text: Received radiation is unevenly distributed over the planet, because the Sun heats equatorial regions more than polar regions. Energy is absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, and, in a process informally described as Earth's heat engine, the solar heating is redistributed through evaporation of surface water, convection, rainfall, winds, and ocean circulation. When the incoming solar energy is balanced by an equal flow of heat to space, the Earth is said to be in radiative equilibrium and under that condition, global temperatures will be stable.

text: Received radiation is unevenly distributed over the planet, because the Sun heats equatorial regions more than polar regions. Energy is absorbed by the

text: atmosphere

text: hydrosphere

text: , and

text: lithosphere

text: , and, in a process informally described as Earth's heat engine, the solar heating is redistributed through evaporation of surface water, convection, rainfall, winds, and

text: ocean circulation

text: . When the incoming solar energy is balanced by an equal flow of heat to space, the Earth is said to be in

text: radiative equilibrium

text: and under that condition, global temperatures will be stable.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, or lithosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiative equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat equatorial regions more

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Earth's heat engine

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy is absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the process informally described as Earth's heat engine?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Global temperatures will be stable.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's heat engine

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global temperatures will be stable

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun heats

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun heats equatorial regions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: evaporation of surface water,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Received radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the Sun heats equatorial regions more than polar regions.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: winds,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Received radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: equatorial regions more than polar regions.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: balanced by an equal flow of heat to space,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: equatorial regions more than polar regions.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: evaporation of surface water, convection,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: equatorial regions more than polar regions.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy is absorbed

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Earth's heat engine,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: convection, rainfall, winds, and ocean circulation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: winds,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Received radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radiative equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Received radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy is absorbed

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Received radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equatorial regions more than polar regions.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean circulation.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: unevenly distributed

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun heats equatorial regions more than polar regions.

text: When a parcel of air rises, it expands, because the pressure is lower at higher altitudes. As the air parcel expands, it pushes the surrounding air outward, transferring energy in the form of work from that parcel to the atmosphere. As energy transfer to a parcel of air by way of heat is very slow, it is assumed to not exchange energy by way of heat with the environment. Such a process is called an adiabatic process (no energy transfer by way of heat). Since the rising parcel of air is losing energy as it does work on the surrounding atmosphere and no energy is transferred into it as heat from the atmosphere to make up for the loss, the parcel of air is losing energy, which manifests itself as a decrease in the temperature of the air parcel. The reverse, of course, will be true for a parcel of air that is sinking and is being compressed.

text: When a parcel of air rises, it expands, because the pressure is lower at higher altitudes. As the air parcel expands, it pushes the surrounding air outward, transferring energy in the form of

text: work

text: from that parcel to the atmosphere. As energy transfer to a parcel of air by way of heat is very slow, it is assumed to not exchange energy by way of

text: heat

text: with the environment. Such a process is called an

text: adiabatic

text: process (no energy transfer by way of heat). Since the rising parcel of air is losing energy as it does work on the surrounding atmosphere and no energy is transferred into it as heat from the atmosphere to make up for the loss, the parcel of air is losing energy, which manifests itself as a decrease in the temperature of the air parcel. The reverse, of course, will be true for a parcel of air that is sinking and is being compressed.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy transfer by way of heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the temperature of the air parcel

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not an adiabatic process?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an adiabatic process?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transferring energy in the form of work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a parcel of air

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: work and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: no energy is transferred into it as heat from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: When a parcel of air sinks and is being compressed

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a parcel of air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: adiabatic processes

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere does not

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: When a parcel of air rises, it expands,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: decrease in the temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy transfer to a parcel of air by way of heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the pressure is lower at higher altitudes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: compressed.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: When a parcel of air rises, it expands,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transferring energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When a parcel of air

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: When a parcel of air rises, it expands,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: work

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: sinking

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: When a parcel of air rises,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: decrease in the temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: adiabatic process

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: When a parcel of air rises, it expands,

text: This is a massive supergiant star with a stellar classification of M0 I. It is a slow irregular variable of the LC type, with its brightness varying in magnitude by 0.44. The star is more than 14 times as massive as the Sun and is blazing with 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 3,750 K, giving it the orange-red hue of a cool M-type star.

text: This is a massive

text: supergiant

text: star with a

text: stellar classification

text: of M0 I. It is a

text: slow irregular variable

text: of the LC type, with its brightness varying in magnitude by 0.44. The star is more than 14 times as massive as the Sun and is blazing with 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being radiated into outer space from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 3,750 K, giving it the orange-red hue of a cool

text: M-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What color is the star?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: M-type stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the star more than 14 times as massive as the Sun

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many times the Sun's luminosity?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is being radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 3,750 K, giving it the orange-red hue of a cool M-type star.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: This energy is being radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: M0 I, M0 II, or M0 III?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy is being radiated

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: orange-red hue or deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: M0 I, LC or LC?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: This energy is being radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The star is more than 14 times as massive as the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Orange-red hue of a cool M-type star

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy being radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: orange-red

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 14 times as massive as the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: orange-red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 63,579 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated into outer space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: orange-red hue of a cool M-type star.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: outer atmosphere

text: The conglomerate operates with considerable latitude which the Irving family's wealth permits—operating somewhat as a maverick to the consternation of many of Central and Western Canada's business leaders. Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies are actively supporting Canada's ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, since the family has invested considerable funds into environmental controls and alternative energy for its operations and wishes to capitalize on these investments at the expense of its slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors.  J.D. Irving's food processing plants in Prince Edward Island are looking to build one of the largest wind farms in Canada in that province to completely power their operations, and many Irving-owned sawmills and factories in the rest of northeastern North America are rapidly adopting co-generation, bio-gas and solar/wind power to complement current energy usage.

text: The conglomerate operates with considerable latitude which the Irving family's wealth permits—operating somewhat as a maverick to the consternation of many of Central and Western Canada's business leaders. Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies are actively supporting Canada's ratification and implementation of the

text: Kyoto Protocol

text: , since the family has invested considerable funds into environmental controls and alternative energy for its operations and wishes to capitalize on these investments at the expense of its slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors.  J.D. Irving's food processing plants in

text: Prince Edward Island

text: are looking to build one of the largest

text: wind farm

text: s in Canada in that province to completely power their operations, and many Irving-owned sawmills and factories in the rest of northeastern North America are rapidly adopting co-generation, bio-gas and solar/wind power to complement current energy usage.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies support?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: co-generation, bio-gas or solar/wind power?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind farms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Irving family's wealth permit

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies do?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies support?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The conglomerate operates with considerable latitude

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the family have invested considerable funds into?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind farm

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies support?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: alternative energy for its operations

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the family has invested considerable funds into environmental controls and alternative energy for its operations

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wind farms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear explosions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wind farms being built where?

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Irving Oil, J.D. Irving

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar/wind power to complement current energy usage.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: bio-gas

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy usage.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind farms

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: bio-gas

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kyoto Protocol,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: co-generation, bio-gas and solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Prince Edward Island

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar/wind power

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: permits—operating somewhat as a maverick

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: bio-gas

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: alternative energy

text: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, following his Ph.D. dissertation, Hansen published several papers on the planet Venus. Venus has a high brightness temperature in the radio frequencies compared to the infrared. Hansen proposed that the hot surface was the result of aerosols trapping the internal energy of the planet. More recent studies have suggested that several billion years ago, Venus's atmosphere was much more like Earth's than it is now, and that there were probably substantial quantities of liquid water on the surface, but a runaway greenhouse effect was caused by the evaporation of that original water, which generated a critical level of greenhouse gases in its atmosphere.

text: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, following his Ph.D. dissertation, Hansen published several papers on the planet

text: Venus

text: . Venus has a high

text: brightness temperature

text: in the radio frequencies compared to the infrared. Hansen proposed that the hot surface was the result of aerosols trapping the internal energy of the planet. More recent studies have suggested that several billion years ago,

text: Venus's atmosphere

text: was much more like Earth's than it is now, and that there were probably substantial quantities of liquid water on the surface, but a

text: runaway greenhouse effect

text: was caused by the evaporation of that original water, which generated a critical level of

text: greenhouse gas

text: es in its atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: aerosols, water, or gases?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum has a high brightness temperature on Venus?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Hansen published several papers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer: conduction or radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Venus's atmosphere was much more like Earth's than it is now

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases in its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the evaporation of that original water

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio frequencies compared to the infrared.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy of the planet.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: evaporation of that original water,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Hansen published several papers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: aerosols trapping the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Venus has a high brightness temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evaporation of that original water,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the evaporation of that original water,

text: Schaefer helped found ASRC in 1960 and served as its Director of Research until 1966 when he became Director. Schaefer brought highly qualified atmospheric science researchers to ASRC, many of whom he had met through his work at GE and Munitalp. Bernard Vonnegut, Raymond Falconer and Duncan Blanchard were all veterans of Project Cirrus who joined Schaefer at ASRC. During his years at ASRC, in addition to the NSI summer programs, Schaefer led annual research expeditions to Yellowstone National Park for atmospheric scientists to work in the outdoor laboratory it provided each January. In the 1970s Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy, aerosols, gases, air quality, and pollution particles in the atmosphere. His work in some of these areas culminated in a three-part report on Air Quality on the Global Scale in 1978. In addition, during the 1970s Schaefer was an instructor in the American Association for the Advancement of Science Chautauqua short courses for science teachers.

text: Schaefer helped found ASRC in 1960 and served as its Director of Research until 1966 when he became Director. Schaefer brought highly qualified atmospheric science researchers to ASRC, many of whom he had met through his work at GE and Munitalp.

text: Bernard Vonnegut

text: , Raymond Falconer and Duncan Blanchard were all veterans of Project Cirrus who joined Schaefer at ASRC. During his years at ASRC, in addition to the NSI summer programs, Schaefer led annual research expeditions to Yellowstone National Park for atmospheric scientists to work in the outdoor laboratory it provided each January. In the 1970s Schaefer's own research interests focused on

text: solar energy

text: , aerosols, gases, air quality, and pollution particles in the atmosphere. His work in some of these areas culminated in a three-part report on Air Quality on the Global Scale in 1978. In addition, during the 1970s Schaefer was an instructor in the American Association for the Advancement of Science Chautauqua short courses for science teachers.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: solar energy, aerosols, gases, or pollution particles?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did Schaefer's research interests focus on?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: In the 1970s Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: solar energy, aerosols, gases, air quality, or pollution particles?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: solar energy, aerosols, gases, air quality, or pollution particles?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: air quality on the global scale

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, Schaefer helped found ASRC or Schaefer became Director?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does Schaefer's research interest focus?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, Schaefer helped found ASRC or Schaefer became Director?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which happened first, Schaefer helped found ASRC or Schaefer became Director?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Schaefer brought highly qualified atmospheric science researchers to ASRC

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Schaefer's own research interests focused on what?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which happened first, Schaefer helped found ASRC or Schaefer became Director?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: solar energy, aerosols, gases, air quality, or pollution particles?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Schaefer's research interests focused on solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Yellowstone National Park

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air quality

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Yellowstone National Park

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: highly qualified atmospheric science researchers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: aerosols,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Project Cirrus

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Air Quality on the Global Scale

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy,

text: A simple general circulation model (SGCM) consists of a dynamic core that relates properties such as temperature to others such as pressure and velocity. Examples are programs that solve the primitive equations, given energy input and energy dissipation in the form of scale-dependent friction, so that atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers are most attenuated. Such models may be used to study atmospheric processes, but are not suitable for climate projections.

text: A simple general circulation model (SGCM) consists of a dynamic core that relates properties such as temperature to others such as pressure and velocity. Examples are programs that solve the

text: primitive equations

text: , given energy input and energy

text: dissipation

text: in the form of scale-dependent

text: friction

text: , so that

text: atmospheric wave

text: s with the highest

text: wavenumber

text: s are most attenuated. Such models may be used to study atmospheric processes, but are not suitable for climate projections.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is energy dissipation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: SGCM consists of a dynamic core

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy input

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: friction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: attenuated

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: SGCM be used to study atmospheric processes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of the SGCM?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to solve the primitive equations

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: scale-dependent friction

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: are not suitable for climate projections

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: dissipating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: scale-dependent friction

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy input

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: simple general circulation model

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers are most attenuated.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers are most attenuated.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: not suitable for climate projections.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: climate projections.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy input and energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy input and energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A simple general circulation model

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: climate projections.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy dissipation in the form of scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: not suitable for climate projections.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: scale-dependent friction,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: scale-dependent friction, so that atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy input and energy dissipation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: temperature

text: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters to pay a fee, charge or tax for every tonne of greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere. Most environmentally related taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles, rather than on CO emissions directly.

text: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters to pay a fee, charge or tax for every tonne of greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere. Most environmentally related taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles, rather than on CO emissions directly.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: CO emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CO emissions

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can not be taxed

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CO emissions are not taxed directly.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: emitting

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO emissions directly

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: levied on energy products and motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy products and motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy products and motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: An emissions tax

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions requires individual emitters

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy products and motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: An emissions tax on greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CO emissions

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy products and motor vehicles,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy products

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere.

text: The table below shows the total cost in US cents per kWh of electricity generated by a photovoltaic system. The row headings on the left show the total cost, per peak kilowatt (kW), of a photovoltaic installation. Photovoltaic system costs have been declining and in Germany, for example, were reported to have fallen to USD 1389/kW by the end of 2014. The column headings across the top refer to the annual energy output in kWh expected from each installed kW. This varies by geographic region because the average insolation depends on the average cloudiness and the thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight. It also depends on the path of the sun relative to the panel and the horizon. Panels are usually mounted at an angle based on latitude, and often they are adjusted seasonally to meet the changing solar declination. Solar tracking can also be utilized to access even more perpendicular sunlight, thereby raising the total energy output.

text: The table below shows the total cost in US cents per kWh of electricity generated by a photovoltaic system. The row headings on the left show the total cost, per peak kilowatt (kW), of a photovoltaic installation. Photovoltaic system costs have been declining and in Germany, for example, were reported to have fallen to USD 1389/kW by the end of 2014. The column headings across the top refer to the annual energy output in kWh expected from each installed kW. This varies by geographic region because the average

text: insolation

text: depends on the average cloudiness and the thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight. It also depends on the path of the sun relative to the panel and the horizon. Panels are usually mounted at an angle based on latitude, and often they are adjusted seasonally to meet the changing solar

text: declination

text: Solar tracking

text: can also be utilized to access even more perpendicular sunlight, thereby raising the total energy output.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar tracking

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photovoltaic system costs have been declining

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Solar tracking can also be utilized to access even more perpendicular sunlight, thereby raising the total energy output of what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy output

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kWh

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity and solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar tracking can also be utilized to access even more perpendicular sunlight, thereby raising the total energy output.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar declination

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar tracking can also be utilized

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1389/kW by the end of 2014.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar declination.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar tracking

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kilowatt

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kW.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cloudiness and the thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy output in kWh expected from each installed kW.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electricity generated by a photovoltaic system.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1389/kW by the end of 2014.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kWh

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity generated by a photovoltaic system.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1389/kW by the end of 2014.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photovoltaic system.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: annual energy output in kWh expected from each installed kW.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thickness of atmosphere traversed by the sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar declination.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight.

text: Since a high-angle boundary is imperfectly packed compared to the normal lattice it has some amount of free space or free volume where solute atoms may possess a lower energy. As a result, a boundary may be associated with a solute atmosphere that will retard its movement. Only at higher velocities will the boundary be able to break free of its atmosphere and resume normal motion.

text: Since a high-angle boundary is imperfectly packed compared to the normal lattice it has some amount of free space or free volume where solute atoms may possess a lower energy. As a result, a boundary may be associated with a solute atmosphere that will retard its movement. Only at higher velocities will the boundary be able to break free of its atmosphere and resume normal motion.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteady

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be associated with a solute atmosphere that will retard its movement

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of molecules?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atoms may possess a lower energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: free space

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solute atoms possessing lower energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a boundary may be associated with a solute atmosphere that will resume normal motion.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: reaches the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solute atoms possessing a lower energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Since a high-angle boundary is imperfectly packed

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: a high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solute atoms

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Since a high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: a boundary may be associated with a solute atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: higher velocities

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: motion.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: boundary is imperfectly packed compared to the normal lattice

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: free volume where solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Since a high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Since a high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Since a high-angle boundary

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solute atoms

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lower energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: higher velocities

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a boundary may be associated with a solute atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solute atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solute atoms may possess a lower energy.

text: Atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere. Atmospheric physicists attempt to model Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of the other planets using fluid flow equations, chemical models, radiation budget, and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere (as well as how these tie into other systems such as the oceans). In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of scattering theory, wave propagation models, cloud physics, statistical mechanics and spatial statistics which are highly mathematical and related to physics. It has close links to meteorology and climatology and also covers the design and construction of instruments for studying the atmosphere and the interpretation of the data they provide, including remote sensing instruments. At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets, aeronomy became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

text: Atmospheric physics is the application of

text: physics

text: to the study of the

text: atmosphere

text: . Atmospheric physicists attempt to model

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: and the atmospheres of the other

text: planet

text: s using

text: fluid flow

text: equations,

text: chemical

text: models,

text: radiation budget

text: , and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere (as well as how these tie into other systems such as the oceans). In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of

text: scattering theory

text: , wave propagation models,

text: cloud physics

text: statistical mechanics

text: and

text: spatial statistics

text: which are highly mathematical and related to physics. It has close links to

text: meteorology

text: and

text: climatology

text: and also covers the design and construction of instruments for studying the atmosphere and the interpretation of the data they provide, including

text: remote sensing

text: instruments. At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets,

text: aeronomy

text: became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy transfer processes in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radiation budget

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fluid flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wave propagation models

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true of gamma rays?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy transfer processes in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where dissociation and ionization are important

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which is not a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy transfer processes in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy transfer processes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer process in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave propagation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an energy transfer process in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer processes

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dissociation and ionization

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy transfer processes in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: dissociation and ionization

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy transfer processes in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: aeronomy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave propagation models,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: dissociation and ionization

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: fluid flow equations,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy transfer processes

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: dissociation and ionization

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: dissociation and ionization

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy transfer processes in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Atmospheric physicists

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy transfer processes in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave propagation models,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Atmospheric physics

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: chemical models,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cloud physics,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer processes

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: wave propagation models,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy transfer processes in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: upper layers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sounding rockets,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: weather systems,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: chemical

text: Although the sun is at the same altitude 6-weeks before and after the solstice, the heating and cooling requirements before and after the solstice are significantly different. Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag." Variable cloud cover influences solar gain potential. This means that latitude-specific fixed window overhangs, while important, are not a complete seasonal solar gain control solution.

text: Although the sun is at the same altitude 6-weeks before and after the solstice, the heating and cooling requirements before and after the solstice are significantly different. Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag." Variable cloud cover influences solar gain potential. This means that latitude-specific fixed window overhangs, while important, are not a complete seasonal solar gain control solution.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of thermal lag?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored on the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar gain potential and thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun is at the same altitude 6-weeks before and after the solstice

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal lag

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solstice,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Variable cloud cover influences solar gain potential.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heating and cooling requirements before and after the solstice are significantly different.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: solstice,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solstice,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Heat storage

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun is at the same altitude

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "thermal lag."

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Heat storage on the Earth's surface causes "thermal lag."

text: The puma model was proposed by Diaz and Kostelecky in 2010 as a three-parameter model that exhibits consistency with all the established neutrino data (accelerator, atmospheric, reactor, and solar) and naturally describes the anomalous low-energy excess observed in MiniBooNE that is inconsistent with the conventional massive model. This is a hybrid model that includes Lorentz violation and neutrino masses. One of the main differences between this model and the bicycle and tandem models described above is the incorporation of nonrenormalizable terms in the theory, which lead to powers of the energy greater than one. Nonetheless, all these models share the characteristic of having a mixed energy dependence that leads to energy-dependent mixing angles, a feature absent in the conventional massive model. At low energies, the mass term dominates and the mixing takes the tribimaximal form, a widely used matrix postulated to describe neutrino mixing. This mixing added to the 1/E dependence of the mass term guarantees agreement with solar and KamLAND data. At high energies, Lorentz-violating contributions take over making the contribution of neutrino masses negligible. A seesaw mechanism is triggered, similar to that in the bicycle model, making one of the eigenvalues proportional to 1/E, which usually come with neutrino masses. This feature lets the model mimic the effects of a mass term at high energies despite the fact that there are only non-negative powers of the energy. The energy dependence of the Lorentz-violating terms produce maximal

text: The puma model was proposed by Diaz and Kostelecky in 2010 as a three-parameter model that exhibits consistency with all the established neutrino data (accelerator, atmospheric, reactor, and solar) and naturally describes the anomalous low-energy excess observed in

text: MiniBooNE

text: that is inconsistent with the conventional massive model. This is a hybrid model that includes Lorentz violation and neutrino masses. One of the main differences between this model and the bicycle and tandem models described above is the incorporation of nonrenormalizable terms in the theory, which lead to powers of the energy greater than one. Nonetheless, all these models share the characteristic of having a mixed energy dependence that leads to energy-dependent mixing angles, a feature absent in the conventional massive model. At low energies, the mass term dominates and the mixing takes the

text: tribimaximal

text: form, a widely used matrix postulated to describe neutrino mixing. This mixing added to the 1/E dependence of the mass term guarantees agreement with

text: solar

text: and

entity_name: Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector

text: KamLAND

text: data. At high energies, Lorentz-violating contributions take over making the contribution of neutrino masses negligible. A seesaw mechanism is triggered, similar to that in the bicycle model, making one of the eigenvalues proportional to 1/E, which usually come with neutrino masses. This feature lets the model mimic the effects of a mass term at high energies despite the fact that there are only non-negative powers of the energy. The energy dependence of the Lorentz-violating terms produce maximal

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is the transfer of heat from one object to another.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Lorentz-violating contributions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Lorentz-violating contributions

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: context: Gamma rays do not penetrate Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy dependence of the Lorentz-violating terms produce maximal

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are caused by the movement of warm air in the air.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The energy dependence of the Lorentz-violating terms produce maximal

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: aerodynamic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: context: Deep purple is part of the ultraviolet spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Context: The energy dependence of the Lorentz-violating terms produce maximal ;

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there are only non-negative powers of the energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: neutrino masses

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: neutrino

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar and KamLAND data. At high energies,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Lorentz-violating contributions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar and KamLAND data. At high energies,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neutrino masses negligible.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: high energies,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: high energies,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: seesaw mechanism

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: high energies,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Lorentz violation and neutrino masses.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: neutrino masses negligible.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high energies,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrino

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy-dependent mixing angles,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: high energies,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low-energy excess

text: Exposure to energy from the star Vega granted Doctor Light photokinesis: control over all forms of light sources, without relying on equipment. She can absorb all forms of illumination as energy, which allowed her to survive Starbreaker's attack, as well as absorb the energy of the sun to attack the Anti-Monitor. She can project energy, allowing her to shoot destructive laser beams and other blasts of destructive energy, blind her opponents with blinding flashes of light (capable of dispersing Shadow Thief's shadow constructs), and create protective barriers. She can focus photons into "hard light" (a fictional form of energy which acts like a solid object). She can refract lightwaves to create holographic images. She can turn into light, rendering her invisible to the naked eye. Her abilities also allow her to disperse radiation and holographic illusions, scan and "see" the electromagnetic spectrum, track ionized molecules, and convert her body to near light to minimize her mass and escape gravitational pull. She can sense the light around her, which she describes as a "sixth sense" allowing her to know when somebody enters the room. She can ride lightwaves in order to fly, capable of reaching the speed of light, and outrunning the Superman of Earth-1. She has used her powers to generate sunlight from a yellow sun to heal injured Kryptonians and Daxamites. Her light abilities appear to have granted her enhanced durability, as she has survived attacks that have knocked out Power Girl and other enhanced metahumans. She can also teleport, from Earth to the Watchtower.

text: Exposure to energy from the star Vega granted Doctor Light photokinesis: control over all forms of light sources, without relying on equipment. She can absorb all forms of illumination as energy, which allowed her to survive Starbreaker's attack, as well as absorb the energy of the sun to attack the Anti-Monitor. She can project energy, allowing her to shoot destructive laser beams and other blasts of destructive energy, blind her opponents with blinding flashes of light (capable of dispersing Shadow Thief's shadow constructs), and create protective barriers. She can focus photons into "hard light" (a fictional form of energy which acts like a solid object). She can refract lightwaves to create

text: holograph

text: ic images. She can turn into light, rendering her invisible to the naked eye. Her abilities also allow her to disperse radiation and holographic illusions, scan and "see" the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , track ionized molecules, and convert her body to near light to minimize her mass and escape gravitational pull. She can sense the light around her, which she describes as a "

text: sixth sense

text: " allowing her to know when somebody enters the room. She can ride lightwaves in order to fly, capable of reaching the speed of light, and outrunning the Superman of Earth-1. She has used her powers to generate sunlight from a yellow sun to heal injured Kryptonians and

text: Daxamites

text: . Her light abilities appear to have granted her enhanced durability, as she has survived attacks that have knocked out

text: Power Girl

text: and other enhanced metahumans. She can also teleport, from Earth to the Watchtower.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does "hard light" act like?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does she scan and "see"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heal injured Kryptonians

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How does Doctor Light turn into light?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does Doctor Light know when somebody enters the room?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: She has used her powers to generate sunlight from a yellow sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refract lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photokinesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: holographic images

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hard light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: She can turn into light, rendering her invisible to the naked eye

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a yellow sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Power Girl

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: "hard light"

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: scan and "see" the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: star Vega

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heal injured Kryptonians and Daxamites.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ionized molecules,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: holographic images.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Earth-1.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Power Girl

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heal injured Kryptonians and Daxamites.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Power Girl

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionized molecules,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Doctor Light

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: invisible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: track ionized molecules,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: invisible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: all forms of illumination

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: invisible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ionized molecules,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lightwaves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heal injured Kryptonians and Daxamites.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy from the star Vega

text: The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses) produces temperatures and densities in its core high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, making it a main-sequence star. This releases an enormous amount of energy, mostly radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

text: The Sun is the Solar System's

text: star

text: and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses) produces temperatures and densities in its

text: core

text: high enough to sustain

text: nuclear fusion

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: into

text: helium

text: , making it a

text: main-sequence

text: star. This releases an enormous amount of

text: energy

text: , mostly

text: radiated

text: into

text: space

text: as

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: peaking in

text: visible light

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is visible light?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: peak in visible light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This releases an enormous amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the solar system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun releases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: main-sequence star.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: helium,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: core

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium,

text: In meteorology, convective available potential energy (CAPE), sometimes, simply, available potential energy (APE), is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere. CAPE is effectively the positive buoyancy of an air parcel and is an indicator of atmospheric instability, which makes it very valuable in predicting severe weather. It is a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres in which a colder fluid overlies a warmer one. As explained below, when an air mass is unstable, the element of the air mass that is displaced upwards is accelerated by the pressure differential between the displaced air and the ambient air at the (higher) altitude to which it was displaced. This usually creates vertically developed clouds from convection, due to the rising motion, which can eventually lead to thunderstorms. It could also be created by other phenomena, such as a cold front. Even if the air is cooler on the surface, there is still warmer air in the mid-levels, that can rise into the upper-levels. However, if there is not enough water vapor present, there is no ability for condensation, thus storms, clouds, and rain will not form.

text: In

text: meteorology

text: , convective available potential energy (CAPE), sometimes, simply, available potential energy (APE), is the amount of

text: energy

text: a

text: parcel

text: of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere. CAPE is effectively the positive

text: buoyancy

text: of an air parcel and is an indicator of

text: atmospheric instability

text: , which makes it very valuable in predicting

text: severe weather

text: . It is a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres in which a colder fluid overlies a warmer one. As explained below, when an air mass is unstable, the element of the air mass that is displaced upwards is accelerated by the pressure differential between the displaced air and the ambient air at the (higher) altitude to which it was displaced. This usually creates vertically developed clouds from

text: convection

text: , due to the rising motion, which can eventually lead to thunderstorms. It could also be created by other phenomena, such as a cold front. Even if the air is cooler on the surface, there is still warmer air in the mid-levels, that can rise into the upper-levels. However, if there is not enough water vapor present, there is no ability for condensation, thus storms, clouds, and rain will not form.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: APE

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fluid instability?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: no ability for condensation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are two important greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a potential energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Convection

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermally stratified atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lifting

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: vertically developed clouds

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: warmer air in the mid-levels,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: In meteorology,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thunderstorms.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: In meteorology,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: colder fluid overlies a warmer one.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: vertically developed clouds from convection,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: warmer air in the mid-levels,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warmer air in the mid-levels,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: no ability for condensation,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: pressure differential

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thunderstorms.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: In meteorology,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: In meteorology,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: In meteorology,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: storms, clouds, and rain will not form.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermally stratified atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: vertically developed clouds from convection,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: warmer air in the mid-levels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a colder fluid overlies a warmer one.

text: Depending on the method of electricity generation used, regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce, largely due to higher energy use per kilogram of produce. With vertical farms requiring much greater energy per kilogram of produce, mainly through increased lighting, than regular greenhouses, the amount of pollution created will be much higher than that from field produce. The amount of pollution produced is dependent on how the energy used in the process is generated.

text: Depending on the method of electricity generation used, regular greenhouse

text: produce

text: can create more greenhouse gases than field produce, largely due to higher energy use per kilogram of produce. With vertical farms requiring much greater energy per kilogram of produce, mainly through increased lighting, than regular greenhouses, the amount of pollution created will be much higher than that from field produce. The amount of pollution produced is dependent on how the energy used in the process is generated.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electricity generation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: regular greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can create more greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity generation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity and greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: field produce can create more greenhouse gases than greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: field produce

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: higher energy use per kilogram

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: produce.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electricity generation used, regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: vertical farms requiring much greater energy per kilogram of produce,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vertical farms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: field produce,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: vertical farms requiring much greater energy per kilogram of produce,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: field produce,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: generated.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy use per kilogram of produce.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy use per kilogram of produce.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: vertical farms

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electricity generation used, regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: field produce,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: vertical farms

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy use per kilogram of produce.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: vertical farms requiring much greater energy per kilogram of produce,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: regular greenhouse produce can create more greenhouse gases than field produce,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: field produce,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy use per kilogram of produce.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: higher energy use per kilogram of produce.

text: The total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun and thus on the time of year. It is about 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July (see below). If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W/m, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m. In terms of energy, sunlight at Earth's surface is around 52 to 55 percent infrared (above 700 nm), 42 to 43 percent visible (400 to 700 nm), and 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm). At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense, having about 8% ultraviolet (UV), with most of the extra UV consisting of biologically damaging short-wave ultraviolet.

text: The total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun and thus on the time of year. It is about 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July (see below). If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1

text: astronomical unit

text: ), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the

text: zenith

text: is about 1050 W/m, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m. In terms of energy, sunlight at Earth's surface is around 52 to 55 percent infrared (above 700

text: nm

text: ), 42 to 43 percent visible (400 to 700 nm), and 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm). At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense, having about 8%

text: ultraviolet

text: (UV), with most of the extra UV consisting of biologically damaging short-wave ultraviolet.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy received at ground level from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air currents

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 400 to 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: How many watts per square meter is the extraterrestrial solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference between infrared and ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: At the top of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wave ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared, visible, and ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: sunlight at Earth's surface is around 52 to 55 percent infrared

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: at the top of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 52 to 55 percent infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: biologically damaging short-wave ultraviolet.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet (below 400 nm).

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 52 to 55 percent infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: (direct and indirect from the atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm).

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 52 to 55 percent infrared

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 8% ultraviolet (UV),

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 52 to 55 percent infrared

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: At the top of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm).

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: short-wave ultraviolet.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: biologically damaging short-wave ultraviolet.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 3 to 5 percent

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: top of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy

text: Like other molecules, the CrH molecule can store energy in several ways. Firstly, the molecule can spin with the hydrogen atom seeming to orbit the chromium atom. Secondly, it can vibrate with the two atoms bouncing towards and away from each other. Thirdly, electrons can change from one atomic orbital to another in the chromium atom. All of these can happen at the same time.  All the numerous combinations of changes result in many different possible energy changes. Each of these changes will match a frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum which is absorbed. When many of these frequencies cluster together in a group, an absorption band results.

text: Like other molecules, the CrH molecule can store energy in several ways. Firstly, the molecule can spin with the hydrogen atom seeming to orbit the chromium atom. Secondly, it can vibrate with the two atoms bouncing towards and away from each other. Thirdly, electrons can change from one

text: atomic orbital

text: to another in the chromium atom. All of these can happen at the same time.  All the numerous combinations of changes result in many different possible energy changes. Each of these changes will match a frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum which is absorbed. When many of these frequencies cluster together in a group, an absorption band results.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the absorption band?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the absorption band?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by a molecule

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy change?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a form of absorption?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can store energy in several ways

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the CrH molecule can store energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the absorption band

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Each of these changes will match a frequency

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: an absorption band

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: an absorption band

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: absorbed.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: CrH molecule can store energy in several ways.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy changes.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Like other molecules, the CrH molecule can store energy in several ways.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CrH molecule can store energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: vibrate

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absorption band

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: bouncing towards and away from each other.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: an absorption band

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: an absorption band

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: absorption band

text: Climate engineering is a technogaian method that uses two categories of technologies- carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses a cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

text: Climate engineering is a technogaian method that uses two categories of technologies-

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: and

text: solar radiation management

text: . Carbon dioxide removal addresses a cause of climate change by removing one of the

text: greenhouse gases

text: from the

text: atmosphere

text: . Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the

text: Earth

text: to absorb less

text: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a category of technologies: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a category of technologies: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of technology: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a category of technologies: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of technology?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a category of technologies: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation management.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide removal

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: removing one of the greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide removal

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

text: Beneath the sun's photosphere lies the convection zone. The rotation of the sun, as well as varying pressure gradients beneath the surface, produces the periodic electromagnetism in the convection zone which can be observed on the sun's surface. This random motion of the surface gives rise to Alfvén waves.  The waves travel through the chromosphere and transition zone and interact with much of the ionized plasma. The wave itself carries energy as well as some of the electrically charged plasma.  De Pontieu  and Haerendel  suggested in the early 1990s that Alfven waves may also be associated with the plasma jets known as spicules. It was theorized these brief spurts of superheated gas were carried by the combined energy and momentum of their own upward velocity, as well as the oscillating transverse motion of the Alfven waves. In 2007, Alfven waves were reportedly observed for the first time traveling towards the corona by Tomcyzk et al., but their predictions could not conclude that the energy carried by the Alfven waves were sufficient to heat the corona to its enormous temperatures, for the observed amplitudes of the waves were not high enough. However, in 2011, McIntosh et al. reported the observation of highly energetic Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules which could sustain heating the corona to its million Kelvin temperature.  These observed amplitudes (20.0 km/s against 2007's observed 0.5 km/s) contained over one hundred times more energy than the ones observed in 2007. The short period of the waves also allowed more energy transfer into the coronal atmosphere. The 50,000 km long spicules may also play a part in accelerating the solar wind past the corona.

text: Beneath the sun's photosphere lies the convection zone. The rotation of the sun, as well as varying pressure gradients beneath the surface, produces the periodic electromagnetism in the convection zone which can be observed on the sun's surface. This random motion of the surface gives rise to Alfvén waves.  The waves travel through the chromosphere and transition zone and interact with much of the ionized plasma. The wave itself carries energy as well as some of the electrically charged plasma.  De Pontieu  and Haerendel  suggested in the early 1990s that Alfven waves may also be associated with the plasma jets known as

text: spicule

text: s. It was theorized these brief spurts of superheated gas were carried by the combined energy and momentum of their own upward velocity, as well as the oscillating transverse motion of the Alfven waves. In 2007, Alfven waves were reportedly observed for the first time traveling towards the corona by Tomcyzk et al., but their predictions could not conclude that the energy carried by the Alfven waves were sufficient to heat the corona to its enormous temperatures, for the observed amplitudes of the waves were not high enough. However, in 2011, McIntosh et al. reported the observation of highly energetic Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules which could sustain heating the corona to its million Kelvin temperature.  These observed amplitudes (20.0 km/s against 2007's observed 0.5 km/s) contained over one hundred times more energy than the ones observed in 2007. The short period of the waves also allowed more energy transfer into the coronal atmosphere. The 50,000 km long spicules may also play a part in accelerating the solar wind past the corona.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the wave itself carries?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of waves travel through the chromosphere and transition zone

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Alfven waves travel through the chromosphere and transition zone?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Alfven waves?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The wave itself carries what?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetism

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The wave itself carries energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Kelvin

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: spicules

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Alfven waves and spicules

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Alfven waves may also be associated with the plasma jets known as spicules

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Under the sun's photosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules which could sustain heating the corona

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: superheated gas

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: periodic electromagnetism

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: allowed more energy transfer into the coronal atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Alfvén waves.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Alfvén waves.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: accelerating the solar wind past the corona.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: spicules

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Alfven waves combined with energetic spicules

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Alfven waves were sufficient to heat the corona

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy transfer into the coronal atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heating the corona to its million Kelvin temperature.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: observed amplitudes of the waves were not high enough.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: spicules

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrically charged plasma.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Alfven waves were sufficient to heat the corona

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave itself carries energy as well as some of the electrically charged plasma.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Alfven waves

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Alfvén waves.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 50,000 km long spicules

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionized plasma.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Alfvén waves.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: spicules

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the observed amplitudes of the waves were not high enough.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Beneath the sun's photosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: accelerating the solar wind

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Alfvén waves.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Alfvén waves.

text: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. A main distinguishable feature of one of the energy shields used in the Star Wars prequel trilogy is their ability to deflect energy bolts on their external side, while passing through lasers from their internal side as seen on the Droideka which was also introduced in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Such energy shields are possibly implied as vector or tensor effect and/or other possibilities.

text: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions in

entity_name: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

text: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

text: . A main distinguishable feature of one of the energy shields used in the

text: Star Wars prequel trilogy

text: is their ability to deflect energy bolts on their external side, while passing through lasers from their internal side as seen on the

text: Droideka

text: which was also introduced in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Such energy shields are possibly implied as vector or tensor effect and/or other possibilities.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vortices

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: deflect energy bolts on their external side

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy shield?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Droideka which was also introduced in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy bolts

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy shields are possibly implied as vector or tensor effect and/or other possibilities.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: spherical energy shields

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: vector or tensor effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tensor effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric conditions in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Spherical energy shields

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ability to deflect energy bolts

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy bolts

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Spherical energy shields were first seen on film within atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Spherical energy shields

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: passing through lasers

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy bolts

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: tensor effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Spherical energy shields

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric conditions

text: Today, Tibet is an important heating surface of the atmosphere. However, during the Last Ice Age a c.  ice sheet covered the plateau. Due to its great extent, this glaciation in the subtropics was an important element of radiative forcing. With a much lower latitude, the ice in Tibet reflected at least 4 times more radiation energy per unit area into space than ice at higher latitudes. Thus, while the modern plateau heats the overlying atmosphere, during the Last Ice Age it helped to cool it.

text: Today, Tibet is an important heating surface of the atmosphere. However, during the Last

text: Ice Age

text: a c.  ice sheet covered the plateau. Due to its great extent, this glaciation in the subtropics was an important element of

text: radiative forcing

text: . With a much lower latitude, the ice in Tibet reflected at least 4 times more radiation energy per unit area into space than ice at higher

text: latitude

text: s. Thus, while the modern plateau heats the overlying atmosphere, during the Last Ice Age it helped to cool it.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an element of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an element of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the overlying atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not an element of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an element of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an example of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does the ice sheet cover?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation energy per unit area

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an element of radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the modern plateau heats the overlying atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Tibet

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: overlying atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Tibetan glaciation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heating surface of the atmosphere. However, during the Last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ice at higher latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Tibet

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 4 times more radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heating

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ice at higher latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heating surface of the atmosphere. However, during the Last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heating surface of the atmosphere. However, during the Last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Tibet

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Last Ice Age

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heating surface of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the modern plateau heats the overlying atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Tibet

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiative forcing.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Tibet

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Tibet

text: Recently, the term "Atkinson cycle" has been used to describe a modified Otto-cycle engine in which the intake valve is held open longer than normal to allow a reverse flow of intake air into the intake manifold, this simulated Atkinson cycle is most notably used in the widespread Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine. The effective compression ratio is reduced (for a time the air is escaping the cylinder freely rather than being compressed), but the expansion ratio is unchanged. This means the compression ratio is smaller than the expansion ratio. Heat gained from burning fuel increases the pressure, thereby forcing the piston to move, expanding the air volume beyond the volume when compression began. The goal of the modern Atkinson cycle is to allow the pressure in the combustion chamber at the end of the power stroke to be equal to atmospheric pressure; when this occurs, all the available energy has been obtained from the combustion process. For any given portion of air, the greater expansion ratio allows more energy to be converted from heat to useful mechanical energy, meaning the engine is more efficient.

text: Recently, the term "Atkinson cycle" has been used to describe a modified

text: Otto-cycle

text: engine in which the intake valve is held open longer than normal to allow a reverse flow of intake air into the intake manifold, this simulated Atkinson cycle is most notably used in the widespread

text: Toyota 1NZ-FXE

text: engine. The effective compression ratio is reduced (for a time the air is escaping the cylinder freely rather than being compressed), but the expansion ratio is unchanged. This means the compression ratio is smaller than the expansion ratio. Heat gained from burning fuel increases the pressure, thereby forcing the piston to move, expanding the air volume beyond the volume when compression began. The goal of the modern Atkinson cycle is to allow the pressure in the combustion chamber at the end of the power stroke to be equal to atmospheric pressure; when this occurs, all the available energy has been obtained from the combustion process. For any given portion of air, the greater expansion ratio allows more energy to be converted from heat to useful mechanical energy, meaning the engine is more efficient.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can be converted from heat to useful mechanical energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the term Atkinson cycle mean?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atkinson cycle

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atkinson cycle

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the engine

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: useful mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: When this occurs, all the available energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the greater expansion ratio allows more energy to be converted from heat to useful mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atkinson cycle

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: expanding the air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atkinson cycle

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the combustion process.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: piston to move,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric pressure;

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric pressure;

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel increases the pressure,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Recently, the term "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "Atkinson cycle"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: all the available energy has been obtained from the combustion process.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: intake air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat to useful mechanical energy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: burning fuel

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Heat gained from burning fuel

text: Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum. EM radiation with a wavelength between approximately 400 nm and 700 nm is directly detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially nearby infrared (longer than 700 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 400 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light.

text: Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum. EM radiation with a

text: wavelength

text: between approximately 400

text: nm

text: and 700 nm is directly detected by the

text: human eye

text: and perceived as visible

text: light

text: . Other wavelengths, especially nearby infrared (longer than 700 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 400 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of EM radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 400 nm and 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of EM radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not a benefit

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of EM radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: EM radiation with a wavelength of less than 700 nm is directly detected by the human eye

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: natural sources produce

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: natural sources

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 400 nm and 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Natural sources produce EM radiation

text: It is important to note that ocean currents provide the necessary nutrients for life to sustain itself in the lower latitudes. Should the currents slow down, fewer nutrients would be brought to sustain ocean life resulting in a crumbling of the food chain and irreparable damage to the marine ecosystem. Slower currents would also mean less carbon fixation. Naturally, the ocean is the largest sink within which carbon is stored. When waters become saturated with carbon, excess carbon has nowhere to go, because the currents are not bringing up enough fresh water to fix the excess. This causes a rise in atmospheric carbon which in turn causes positive feedback that can lead to a runaway greenhouse effect.

text: It is important to note that ocean currents provide the necessary nutrients for life to sustain itself in the lower latitudes. Should the currents slow down, fewer nutrients would be brought to sustain ocean life resulting in a crumbling of the food chain and irreparable damage to the marine ecosystem. Slower currents would also mean less

text: carbon fixation

text: . Naturally, the ocean is the largest sink within which carbon is stored. When waters become saturated with carbon, excess carbon has nowhere to go, because the currents are not bringing up enough fresh water to fix the excess. This causes a rise in atmospheric carbon which in turn causes positive feedback that can lead to a runaway greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon fixation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: negative feedback

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, ocean currents, or carbon fixation?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the ocean?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a negative feedback that can cause a runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ocean currents provide the necessary nutrients

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: carbon fixation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of carbon fixation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon fixation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon fixation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: When waters become saturated with carbon

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Slower currents would also mean less carbon fixation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Slower currents would also mean less carbon fixation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Slower currents would also mean less carbon fixation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Slower currents would also mean less carbon fixation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: rise in atmospheric carbon

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life to sustain itself in the lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nutrients

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nutrients

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: runaway greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric carbon

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a rise in atmospheric carbon

text: Solar radiation (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the Sun. Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that we cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

text: Solar

text: radiation

text: (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the

text: Sun

text: . Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that we cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible to the human eye

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth does not receive energy from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: emitted radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: absorbed or reflected

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Earth also emits radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: longer wavelengths that we cannot see.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: longer wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere.

text: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2 caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has led to the search for alternative energy sources like biofuels and renewable energy sources. To analyze whether or not these alternative sources have overall less environmental impact then conventional energy sources, life-cycle analysis is needed. Life-cycle thinking is an intricate part of finding new energy sources that have an overall smaller impact on the environment.

text: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2 caused by the burning of

text: fossil fuels

text: , has led to the search for alternative energy sources like

text: biofuels

text: and

text: renewable energy sources

text: . To analyze whether or not these alternative sources have overall less environmental impact then conventional energy sources, life-cycle analysis is needed. Life-cycle thinking is an intricate part of finding new energy sources that have an overall smaller impact on the environment.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not an alternative energy source?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: biofuels or renewable energy sources?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The burning of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternative energy sources

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: biofuels or renewable energy sources?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a benefit of alternative energy sources

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is an example of a fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biofuels and renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: conventional energy sources have an overall smaller impact on the environment.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: life-cycle analysis

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: renewable energy sources.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Drastic increases in atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biofuels and renewable energy sources.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: conventional energy sources,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric CO2

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: burning of fossil fuels,

text: Energy for the ocean circulation (and for the atmospheric circulation) comes from solar radiation and gravitational energy from the sun and moon.  The amount of sunlight absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude, being greater at the equator than at the poles, and this engenders fluid motion in both the atmosphere and ocean that acts to redistribute heat from the equator towards the poles, thereby reducing the temperature gradients that would exist in the absence of fluid motion. Perhaps three quarters of this heat is carried in the atmosphere; the rest is carried in the ocean.

text: Energy for the ocean circulation (and for the atmospheric circulation) comes from solar radiation and gravitational energy from the sun and moon.  The amount of sunlight absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude, being greater at the equator than at the poles, and this engenders fluid motion in both the atmosphere and ocean that acts to redistribute heat from the equator towards the poles, thereby reducing the temperature gradients that would exist in the absence of fluid motion. Perhaps three quarters of this heat is carried in the atmosphere; the rest is carried in the ocean.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: temperature gradients

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed at the surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: at the equator

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the smallest particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation and gravitational

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: at the equator than at the poles

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere and ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight absorbed

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the amount of sunlight absorbed at the surface

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: sunlight absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy from the sun and moon.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: temperature gradients

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: three quarters of this heat is carried in the atmosphere;

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat from the equator towards the poles,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greater at the equator than at the poles,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The amount of sunlight absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Perhaps three quarters of this heat is carried in the atmosphere;

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation and gravitational energy from the sun and moon.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greater at the equator than at the poles,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: both the atmosphere and ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: fluid motion

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight absorbed at the surface varies strongly with latitude,

text: Public sentiment toward the suffrage movement improved dramatically during this period. Working for suffrage came to be seen as a respectable activity for middle class women. By 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The NAWSA established its first permanent headquarters that year in New York City, previously having operated mainly out of the homes of its officers.Maud Wood Park, who had been away in Europe for two years, received a letter that year from one of her co-workers in the College Equal Suffrage League who described the new atmosphere by saying, "the movement which when we got into it had about as much energy as a dying kitten, is now a big, virile, threatening thing" and is "actually fashionable now".

text: Public sentiment toward the suffrage movement improved dramatically during this period. Working for suffrage came to be seen as a respectable activity for middle class women. By 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The NAWSA established its first permanent headquarters that year in New York City, previously having operated mainly out of the homes of its officers.Maud Wood Park, who had been away in Europe for two years, received a letter that year from one of her co-workers in the College Equal Suffrage League who described the new atmosphere by saying, "the movement which when we got into it had about as much energy as a dying kitten, is now a big, virile, threatening thing" and is "actually fashionable now".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: matter, energy, or energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did Maud Wood Park describe as "actually fashionable now"?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, NAWSA, or suffrage?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared or kitten?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of energy of a dying kitten

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What was the NAWSA's first permanent headquarters?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the NAWSA?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the NAWSA's first permanent headquarters?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the NAWSA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: respectable activity for middle class women

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: the movement which when we got into it had about as much energy as a dying kitten

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by wood burning?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What kind of energy does the NAWSA have?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: a dying kitten

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the movement which when we got into it had about as much energy as a dying kitten

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: New York City

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: NAWSA membership

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 1910,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: about as much energy as a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Working for suffrage came to be seen as a respectable

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1910, NAWSA membership had jumped to 117,000.The

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: New York City,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy as a dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: dying kitten,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: suffrage movement

text: The retailers are: Contact Energy, Ecotricity, Electra Energy, Electric Kiwi, Energy Direct, Energy Online, Flick Electric, Genesis Energy, Giving Energy, GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy, Mercury Energy, Meridian Energy, Nova Energy, Opunake Hydro, Paua to the People, Payless Energy, Powershop, Pulse Energy, Tiny Mighty Power and Trustpower.

text: The retailers are:

text: Contact Energy

text: , Ecotricity, Electra Energy, Electric Kiwi,

text: Energy Direct

text: Energy Online

text: , Flick Electric,

text: Genesis Energy

text: , Giving Energy,

text: GLOBUG

text: King Country Energy

text: , megaEnergy,

text: Mercury Energy

text: Meridian Energy

text: Nova Energy

text: , Opunake Hydro, Paua to the People, Payless Energy,

text: Powershop

text: , Pulse Energy,

text: Tiny Mighty Power

text: and

text: Trustpower

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: GLOBUG

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer: Contact Energy, Ecotricity, Electra Energy, Electric Kiwi or Energy Direct?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: GLOBUG

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vaporization

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Mercury Energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer: Contact Energy, Ecotricity, Electra Energy, Electric Kiwi or Energy Direct?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Mercury Energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of energy for the retailers

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: GLOBUG

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy Direct, Energy Online, Flick

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can you buy a packet of

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a retailer?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mercury Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Mercury Energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: GLOBUG is not a retailer.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Energy Direct

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: using a rocket

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar energy by latitude result in

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Mercury Energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GLOBUG

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hydro,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Tiny Mighty Power

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GLOBUG, King Country Energy, megaEnergy,

text: Direct solar radiation has a value, for the studied territory, of 110-115 kcal/cm²/year, characteristic to the latitude, covering energy needs.

text: Direct solar radiation has a value, for the studied territory, of 110-115 kcal/cm²/year, characteristic to the latitude, covering energy needs.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used as a source of energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct solar

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a negative impact on the environment

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not relate to this question

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: direct solar radiation has a value, for the studied territory, of 110-115 kcal/cm2/year

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 110-115 kcal/cm2/year,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy needs.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 110-115 kcal/cm2/year,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: covering energy needs.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Direct solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy needs.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Direct solar radiation

text: The pulsations result from a process called the κ-mechanism. A part of the star's outer atmosphere becomes optically thick due to partial ionization of certain elements. When these atoms lose an electron, the likelihood that they will absorb energy increases. This results in an increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand. The inflated atmosphere becomes less ionized and loses energy, causing it to cool and shrink back down again. The result of this cycle is a periodic pulsation of the atmosphere and a matching variation of the luminosity.

text: The pulsations result from a process called the

text: κ-mechanism

text: . A part of the star's outer

text: atmosphere

text: becomes

text: optically thick

text: due to partial

text: ionization

text: of certain elements. When these atoms lose an

text: electron

text: , the likelihood that they will absorb energy increases. This results in an increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand. The inflated atmosphere becomes less ionized and loses energy, causing it to cool and shrink back down again. The result of this cycle is a periodic pulsation of the atmosphere and a matching variation of the luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the pulsation of the star's outer atmosphere result in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: pulsation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the atmosphere to expand

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why does the atmosphere expand?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ionization?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the  -mechanism mean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This results in an increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: When these atoms lose an electron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atoms lose an electron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ionization of certain elements

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: When these atoms lose an electron, the likelihood that they will absorb energy increases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: pulsations

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: expanding

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: causes the atmosphere to expand

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: When these atoms lose an electron

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atoms lose an electron,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: pulsation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: pulsations

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: increase in temperature

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: partial ionization

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atoms lose an electron,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atoms lose an electron,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorb energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: <unk>-mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: elements.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The inflated atmosphere becomes less ionized and loses energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: expand.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms lose an electron,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: increase in temperature that causes the atmosphere to expand.

text: The total amount of energy received per second at the top of Earth's atmosphere (TOA) is measured in watts and is given by the solar constant times the cross-sectional area of the Earth. Because the surface area of a sphere is four times the cross-sectional surface area of a sphere (i.e. the area of a circle), the average TOA flux is one quarter of the solar constant and so is approximately 340 W/m². Since the absorption varies with location as well as with diurnal, seasonal and annual variations, the numbers quoted are long-term averages, typically averaged from multiple satellite measurements.

text: The total amount of energy received per second at the top of

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: (TOA) is measured in

text: watt

text: s and is given by the

text: solar constant

text: times the cross-sectional area of the Earth. Because the surface area of a sphere is four times the cross-sectional surface area of a sphere (i.e. the area of a circle), the average TOA flux is one quarter of the solar constant and so is approximately 340 W/m². Since the absorption varies with location as well as with diurnal, seasonal and annual variations, the numbers quoted are long-term averages, typically averaged from multiple satellite measurements.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the solar constant times the cross-sectional area of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: TOA flux

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 340 W/m2

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be measured in watts

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction happen mainly?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy received per second

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: second

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: watts

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the average TOA flux is one quarter of the solar constant

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: long-term averages

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the total amount of energy received per second

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar constant times the cross-sectional area of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The total amount of energy received per second

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorption varies with location

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The total amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: watts

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy received per second at the top of Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: watts

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 340 W/m2.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: top of Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellite

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the absorption varies with location

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar constant

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy received per second at the top of Earth's atmosphere

text: Based upon the spectrum of light emitted by the primary, it has a stellar classification of G2 V. This indicates that it is a G-type main sequence star that is generating energy through the process of thermonuclear fusion in its core region. It has an estimated mass of 1.097 times the mass of the Sun, but a measured radius that is 1.867 times as large. As a result, it shines with 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun. The abundance of elements in this star is similar to that in the Sun, although it is an older star with an age of around 8.2 billion years. The effective temperature of the stellar atmosphere is 5,421 K, giving it the yellow-hued glow of an ordinary K-type star.

text: Based upon the

text: spectrum

text: of light emitted by the primary, it has a

text: stellar classification

text: of G2 V. This indicates that it is a

text: G-type main sequence star

text: that is generating energy through the process of

text: thermonuclear fusion

text: in its core region. It has an estimated mass of 1.097 times the mass of the Sun, but a measured radius that is 1.867 times as large. As a result, it shines with 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun. The abundance of elements in this star is similar to that in the Sun, although it is an older star with an age of around 8.2 billion years. The

text: effective temperature

text: of the

text: stellar atmosphere

text: is 5,421 K, giving it the yellow-hued glow of an ordinary

text: K-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: light emitted by the primary

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: G2 V

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The abundance of elements in this star is similar to that in the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy through the process of thermonuclear fusion in its core region

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: emitted by the primary

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the abundance of elements in this star is similar to that in the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: G-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 1.097 times the mass of the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stellar atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: G2 V.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1.097 times the mass of the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 5,421 K,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: generating energy through the process of thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: G2 V.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: yellow-hued glow of an ordinary K-type star.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: G2 V.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 2.705 times the luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: generating energy through the process of thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermonuclear fusion in its core region.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 2.705 times the luminosity of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion

text: A runaway greenhouse effect occurs if positive feedbacks lead to the evaporation of all greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor is thought to have occurred on Venus.

text: A

text: runaway greenhouse effect

text: occurs if

text: positive feedback

text: s lead to the evaporation of all greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor is thought to have occurred on Venus.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, carbon dioxide, or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: carbon dioxide, water vapor, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor is thought to have occurred on Venus.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evaporates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: evaporation of all greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapor is thought to have occurred on Venus.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: positive feedbacks lead to the evaporation of all greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: evaporation of all greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: evaporation of all greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: positive feedbacks

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect occurs if positive feedbacks

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: evaporation of all greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: A runaway greenhouse effect occurs if positive feedbacks

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: positive feedbacks

text: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers to generate their decorative displays and effects. Fluid amplifiers rely on a fluid control stream to switch a fluid power stream. Fluid amplifiers are so named because a low-energy fluid control signal can control and switch a high-energy fluid power stream to produce an output signal of higher energy level than the fluid control signal. In fluid amplifiers, a fluid power stream, after leaving a nozzle, is switched selectively to one or more of a plurality of outlet passages. This may be done by supplying fluid control pressure continuously, or as a pulse, to one of the control ports at the exit end of the nozzle until the high-energy power stream is diverted. Alternatively, switching may be effected by closing the other control port so that the fluid that is flowing in through one control port from the atmosphere or some other source will create a sufficient fluid pressure imbalance adjacent the exit end of the nozzle to effect switching of the fluid power stream.

text: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers to generate their decorative displays and effects. Fluid amplifiers rely on a fluid control stream to switch a fluid power stream. Fluid amplifiers are so named because a low-energy fluid control signal can control and switch a high-energy fluid power stream to produce an output signal of higher energy level than the fluid control signal. In fluid amplifiers, a fluid power stream, after leaving a nozzle, is switched selectively to one or more of a plurality of outlet passages. This may be done by supplying fluid control pressure continuously, or as a pulse, to one of the control ports at the exit end of the nozzle until the high-energy power stream is diverted. Alternatively, switching may be effected by closing the other control port so that the fluid that is flowing in through one control port from the atmosphere or some other source will create a sufficient fluid pressure imbalance adjacent the exit end of the nozzle to effect switching of the fluid power stream.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: fluid or air?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fluid power stream

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fluid power stream

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be effected by closing the other control port

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a low-energy fluid control signal?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: fluid power stream

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: fluid control signal

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fluid power

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: fluid power

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fluid power

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-energy fluid control signal can control and switch a high-energy fluid power stream

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a sufficient fluid pressure imbalance

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: output signal of higher energy level than the fluid control signal.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fluid pressure imbalance

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmosphere or some other source will create a sufficient fluid pressure imbalance

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: low-energy fluid control signal can control and switch a high-energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: low-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: fluid control signal.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fluid control pressure

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Decorative fountain systems

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: fluid control pressure

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Decorative fountain systems employ fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fluid power stream.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: higher energy level than the fluid control signal.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Decorative fountain systems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: fluid amplifiers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fluid pressure imbalance

text: He has also investigated the role played by water vapour in the Earth's energy budget, which considers the energy flows both into and away from the Earth in the form of shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation from the Earth and its atmosphere, respectively.

text: He has also investigated the role played by

text: water vapour

text: in the

text: Earth's energy budget

text: , which considers the energy flows both into and away from the

text: Earth

text: in the form of

text: shortwave radiation

text: from the

text: Sun

text: and

text: outgoing longwave radiation

text: from the Earth and its

text: atmosphere

text: , respectively.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are plausible

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of radiation does the sun produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: shortwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not fit the description

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of shortwave radiation from the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: shortwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of shortwave radiation from the Sun: outgoing longwave radiation from the Earth and its atmosphere, respectively?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: outgoing longwave radiation from the Earth and its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by water vapour

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water vapour

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: water vapour in the Earth's energy budget,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: He has also investigated the role played by water vapour

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy flows both into and away from the Earth

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy budget,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapour

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: shortwave radiation from the Sun and outgoing longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy flows both into and away from the Earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapour

text: Gamma rays from the nuclear processes preceding the true explosion may be partially responsible for the following fireball, as they may superheat nearby air and/or other material. The vast majority of the energy that goes on to form the fireball is in the soft X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with these X-rays being produced by the inelastic collisions of the high speed fission and fusion products.  It is these reaction products and not the gamma rays which contain most of the energy of the nuclear reactions in the form of kinetic energy.  This kinetic energy of the fission and fusion fragments is converted into internal and then radiation energy by approximately following the process of blackbody radiation emitting in the soft X-ray region. As a result of numerous inelastic collisions, part of the kinetic energy of the fission fragments is converted into internal and radiation energy. Some of the electrons are removed entirely from the atoms, thus causing ionization, others are raised to higher energy (or excited) states while still remaining attached to the nuclei. Within an extremely short time, perhaps a hundredth of a microsecond or so, the weapon residues consist essentially of completely and partially stripped (ionized) atoms, many of the latter being in excited states, together with the corresponding free electrons. The system then immediately emits electromagnetic (thermal) radiation, the nature of which is determined by the temperature. Since this is of the order of 10 degrees, most of the energy emitted within a microsecond or so is in the soft X-ray region. To understand this one must remember that temperature depends on the average internal energy/heat of the particles in a certain volume, and internal energy or heat is due to kinetic energy.

text: Gamma rays

text: from the nuclear processes preceding the true explosion may be partially responsible for the following fireball, as they may superheat nearby air and/or other material. The vast majority of the energy that goes on to form the fireball is in the soft

text: X-ray

text: region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with these X-rays being produced by the

text: inelastic collisions

text: of the high speed fission and fusion products.  It is these reaction products and not the gamma rays which contain most of the energy of the nuclear reactions in the form of

text: kinetic energy

text: .  This kinetic energy of the fission and fusion fragments is converted into internal and then radiation energy by approximately following the process of

text: blackbody radiation

text: emitting in the soft X-ray region. As a result of numerous inelastic collisions, part of the kinetic energy of the fission fragments is converted into internal and radiation energy. Some of the electrons are removed entirely from the atoms, thus causing ionization, others are raised to higher energy (or excited) states while still remaining attached to the nuclei. Within an extremely short time, perhaps a hundredth of a microsecond or so, the weapon residues consist essentially of completely and partially stripped (ionized) atoms, many of the latter being in excited states, together with the corresponding free electrons. The system then immediately emits electromagnetic (thermal) radiation, the nature of which is determined by the temperature. Since this is of the order of 10 degrees, most of the energy emitted within a microsecond or so is in the soft X-ray region. To understand this one must remember that temperature depends on the average internal energy/heat of the particles in a certain volume, and internal energy or heat is due to

text: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the soft X-ray region of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: blackbody radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: What may superheat nearby air and/or other material?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microsecond

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy: kinetic energy, chemical energy or heat?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal and radiation energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Gamma rays from the nuclear processes preceding the true explosion may be partially responsible for the fireball

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a fireball

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: nearby air and/or other material

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma rays from the nuclear processes

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (thermal) radiation,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: soft X-ray region

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: excited states,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: soft X-ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: soft X-ray region.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic (thermal) radiation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: (ionized)

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: free electrons.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: excited states,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a hundredth of a microsecond

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: free electrons.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic (thermal) radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nuclei.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: (ionized) atoms,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy.

text: Second, the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

text: Second, the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: collimated

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What will happen to the energy beam?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can travel through the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What happens to the energy beam?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The atmosphere does not affect the energy beam.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collimating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the spread of the energy beam

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: spread.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Second, the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy beam

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere may cause an otherwise tightly collimated energy beam to spread.

text: The IPCC defines "climate change" as "a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity." In its latest assessment on climate change, the IPCC found that "warming of the climate system is unequivocal" and that the anthropogenic component of this warming over the last thirty years has likely had a discernible influence on observed changes in many physical and biological systems. The properties of greenhouse gases are such that they retain heat in the atmosphere, which would otherwise escape to space. GHGs accumulate in the atmosphere when they are emitted faster than they can be naturally removed, and that accumulation prompts changes in the climate system. Once emitted into the atmosphere, GHGs influence the Earth's energy balance for a period of decades to centuries. Consistent with their long-lasting impacts, the IPCC found that even if the concentrations of all GHGs had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of approximately 0.1C per decade would be expected. The fact that GHGs are long-lived in the atmosphere also means that they become well mixed across the globe – hence the global nature of the problem.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the IPCC define as a change in the state of the climate?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted faster than they can be naturally removed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change: human activity or natural variability?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a property of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: GHGs influence the Earth's energy balance for a period of decades to centuries

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which two gases are long-lived in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a GHG?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to climate change?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: GHGs influence the Earth's energy balance for a period of what?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the properties of greenhouse gases are such that they retain heat in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: would otherwise escape to space

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat in the atmosphere, which would otherwise escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat in the atmosphere, which would otherwise escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat in the atmosphere, which would otherwise escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "climate change"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: would otherwise escape to space.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GHGs

text: This Building is going to be constructed using a concrete manufactured with slag, a byproduct of blast furnaces. The mixture used in the tower concrete is 55% cement and 45% slag. The use of slag cement reduces damage to the environment by decreasing the amount of cement needed for the building, which in turn lowers the amount of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas produced through the normal cement manufacturing process. Each ton of regular cement produced creates about one ton of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Temperature control and the production of some of its energy are accomplished in an environmentally friendly manner for the tower. Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss, lowering energy consumption and increasing transparency. Carbon dioxide sensors signal increased fresh air ventilation when elevated levels of carbon dioxide are detected in the building. Conditioned air for the occupants is provided by multiple air column units located in the tenant space that deliver  air into a raised access floor plenum. This underfloor air system provides users with the ability to control their own space temperature as well as improving the ventilation effectiveness. When building churn occurs, workstation moves can be performed more easily with lower cost and less product waste. The cooling system produces and stores ice during off-peak hours, and allows the ice to melt to help cool the building during peak load, similar to the ice batteries in the 1995 Hotel New Otani Tokyo in Japan. Ice batteries have been used since absorption chillers first made ice commercially available 150 years ago, before the invention of the electric light bulb.

text: Hotel New Otani Tokyo

text: in Japan. Ice batteries have been used since absorption chillers first made ice commercially available 150 years ago, before the invention of the electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal loss

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: churn

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorption chillers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, absorption chillers or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: workstation moves can be performed more easily with lower cost and less product waste

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Each ton of regular cement produced

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal loss

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the use of slag cement reduce damage to the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal loss

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss, lowering energy consumption

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: building churn

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: multiple air column units

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Insulated glazing

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: production of some of its energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: churn

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorption chillers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Each ton of regular cement

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: production of some of its energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: workstation moves can be performed more easily with lower cost and less product waste.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption chillers

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ice during off-peak hours,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Insulated glazing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electric light bulb.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: production

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lowering energy consumption

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: building churn

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Insulated glazing reduces thermal loss,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cement manufacturing process.

text: All climate models take account of incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation, chiefly visible and short-wave (near) infrared, as well as outgoing long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic. Any imbalance results in a change in temperature.

text: All climate models take account of incoming

text: energy

text: from the sun as short wave

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: , chiefly

text: visible

text: and short-wave (near)

text: infrared

text: , as well as outgoing long wave (far)

text: infrared

text: electromagnetic. Any imbalance results in a

text: change in temperature

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: change in temperature

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change in temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: incoming energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: outgoing long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: change in temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: short-wave (near) infrared,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible and short-wave (near) infrared,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Any imbalance results in a change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Any imbalance results in a change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Any imbalance results in a change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: All climate models

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible and short-wave (near) infrared,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: All climate models

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: long wave (far) infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: short wave electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: incoming energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: incoming energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a change in temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Any imbalance

text: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays from the Sun and galactic sources. When cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere, atomic interactions occur that cause a shower of lower energy particles to descend into the atmosphere and to ground level. The presence of cosmic rays in the near-Earth space environment can be detected by monitoring high energy neutrons at ground level. Small fluxes of cosmic rays are present continuously. Large fluxes are produced by the Sun during events related to energetic solar flares.

text: Neutron monitor

text: s on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays from the Sun and galactic sources. When cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere, atomic interactions occur that cause a shower of lower energy particles to descend into the atmosphere and to ground level. The presence of cosmic rays in the near-Earth space environment can be detected by monitoring high energy neutrons at ground level. Small fluxes of cosmic rays are present continuously. Large fluxes are produced by the Sun during events related to energetic solar flares.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What are cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is true of cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: a shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a shower of lower energy particles

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true about cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of interaction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of lower energy particles?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of cosmic rays: cosmic rays from the Sun and galactic sources?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of cosmic rays: cosmic rays from the Sun and galactic sources?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atomic interactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays and cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the presence of cosmic rays in the near-Earth space environment can be detected by monitoring high energy neutrons at ground level

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atomic interactions occur that cause a shower of lower energy particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar flares.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: shower of lower energy particles to descend into the atmosphere and to ground level.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energetic solar flares.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: lower energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atomic interactions

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lower energy particles to descend into the atmosphere and to ground level.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Small fluxes of cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atomic interactions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: a shower of lower energy particles to descend into the atmosphere and to ground level.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Neutron monitors on the ground indirectly monitor cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atomic interactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energetic solar flares.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ground level.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energetic solar flares.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays

text: Electromagnetic spectrum refers to the full range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and also to the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object. Devices used to measure an electromagnetic spectrum are called spectrograph or spectrometer. The visible spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. The wavelength of visible light ranges from 390 to 700 nm. The absorption spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation. The emission spectrum refers to the spectrum of radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a higher to a lower energy state.

text: Electromagnetic spectrum refers to the full range of all frequencies of

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: and also to the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object. Devices used to measure an electromagnetic spectrum are called

text: spectrograph

text: or

text: spectrometer

text: . The

text: visible spectrum

text: is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the

text: human eye

text: . The wavelength of visible light ranges from

text: 390 to 700 nm

text: . The

text: absorption spectrum

text: of a

text: chemical element

text: or

text: chemical compound

text: is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation. The

text: emission spectrum

text: refers to the spectrum of radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a

text: transition

text: from a higher to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the absorption spectrum of a chemical element?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the full range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which spectrum has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Absorb

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The visible spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the absorption spectrum of a chemical element?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the absorption spectrum of a chemical element?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The emission spectrum of a chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic spectrum refers to the full range of all frequencies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a chemical compound?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the visible spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incident radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atom or molecule

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the full range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light ranges from 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atom or molecule

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: emission spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 390 to 700 nm.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: higher to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atom or molecule

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: SADs are widely accepted to be byproducts of magnetic reconnection, the physical process that drives solar flares by releasing energy stored in the Sun’s magnetic field. Reconnection reconfigures the local magnetic field surrounding the flare site from a higher-energy (non-potential, stressed) state to a lower-energy (potential) state. This process is facilitated by the development of a current sheet, often preceded by or in tandem with a coronal mass ejection. As the field is being reconfigured, newly formed magnetic field lines are swept away from the reconnection site, producing outflows both toward and away from the solar surface, respectively referred to as downflows and upflows. SADs are believed to be related to reconnection downflows that perturb the hot, dense plasma that collects above flare arcades, but precisely how SADs form is uncertain and is an area of active research.

text: SADs are widely accepted to be byproducts of

text: magnetic reconnection

text: , the physical process that drives

text: solar flare

text: s by releasing energy stored in the

text: Sun’s magnetic field

text: Reconnection

text: reconfigures the local

text: magnetic field

text: surrounding the

text: flare

text: site from a higher-energy (non-potential,

text: stressed

text: ) state to a lower-energy (

text: potential

text: ) state. This process is facilitated by the development of a

text: current sheet

text: , often preceded by or in tandem with a

text: coronal mass ejection

text: . As the field is being reconfigured, newly formed

text: magnetic field lines

text: are swept away from the

text: reconnection

text: site, producing outflows both toward and away from the

text: solar surface

text: , respectively referred to as downflows and upflows. SADs are believed to be related to

text: reconnection

text: downflows that perturb the hot, dense

text: plasma

text: that collects above

text: flare

text: arcades, but precisely how SADs form is uncertain and is an area of active research.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the Sun's magnetic field?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of field does the sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: upflows

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-potential

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: downflows and upflows

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is facilitated by the development of a current sheet

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is uncertain and is an area of active research

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: releasing energy stored in the Sun’s magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: This process is facilitated by the development

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or solar flares?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: non-potential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-potential, stressed

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic field lines

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun’s magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: downflows and upflows.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: downflows and upflows.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun’s magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: upflows.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: downflows and upflows.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hot, dense plasma that collects above flare arcades,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hot, dense plasma

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outflows both toward and away from the solar surface,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: outflows both toward and away from the solar surface,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: coronal mass ejection.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: precisely how SADs form is uncertain and is an area of active research.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy stored in the Sun’s magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: current sheet,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: outflows both toward and away from the solar surface,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: magnetic field lines

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy stored in the Sun’s magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: (non-potential,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outflows both toward and away from the solar surface,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: SADs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy stored in the Sun’s magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: magnetic reconnection,

text: Using a Peltier electrometer, Luigi Palmieri researched atmospheric electricity. Nikola Tesla and Hermann Plauson investigated the production of energy and power via atmospheric electricity. Tesla also proposed to use the atmospheric electrical circuit to transceive wireless energy over large distances.  The Polish Polar Station, Hornsund, has researched the magnitude of the Earth's electric field and recorded its vertical component. Discoveries about the electrification of the atmosphere via sensitive electrical instruments and ideas on how the Earth’s negative charge is maintained were developed mainly in the 20th century. Whilst a certain amount of observational work has been done in the branches of atmospheric electricity, the science has not developed to a considerable extent. Up to the contemporary day, apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity have not been built and maintained.

text: Using a Peltier

text: electrometer

text: Luigi Palmieri

text: researched atmospheric electricity.

text: Nikola Tesla

text: and

text: Hermann Plauson

text: investigated the production of

text: energy

text: and

text: power

text: via atmospheric electricity. Tesla also proposed to use the atmospheric electrical circuit to transceive wireless energy over large distances.  The

text: Polish Polar Station, Hornsund

text: , has researched the

text: magnitude

text: of the Earth's

text: electric field

text: and recorded its vertical component. Discoveries about the electrification of the atmosphere via sensitive electrical instruments and ideas on how the Earth’s negative charge is maintained were developed mainly in the 20th century. Whilst a certain amount of observational work has been done in the branches of atmospheric electricity, the science has not developed to a considerable extent. Up to the contemporary day, apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity have not been built and maintained.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: air, water, or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the vertical component of the Earth's electric field?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electric field

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared light, infrared light, or ultraviolet light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have contributed to the development of what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a branch of atmospheric electricity?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does Luigi Palmieri propose to use the atmospheric electrical circuit to transceive wireless energy over large distances

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a scientist: Luigi Palmieri, Nikola Tesla or Hermann Plauson?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy and power via atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wireless energy over large distances

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, conduction, or electricity?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wireless energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: chemical or electrical?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is the term for the transfer of energy by direct contact between molecules?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: wireless energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity have not been built and maintained

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's negative charge is maintained

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Up to the contemporary day, apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: vertical component.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Earth's electric field

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wireless energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: negative charge

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Earth’s negative charge

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Up to the contemporary day, apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy and power via atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity have not been built and maintained.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wireless energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: production of energy and power via atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wireless energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Peltier electrometer, Luigi Palmieri researched atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: wireless energy over large distances.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Peltier electrometer, Luigi Palmieri researched atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: apparatus which extract industrial energy from atmospheric electricity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wireless energy over large distances.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric electricity.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric electricity.

text: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy in 1996, and said in 2005, "If well-managed, nuclear energy is very clean, does not create polluting gases in the atmosphere, produces very little waste and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect".

text: French environmentalist

text: Bruno Comby

text: started the group

text: Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

text: in 1996, and said in 2005, "If well-managed, nuclear energy is very clean, does not create polluting gases in the atmosphere, produces very little waste and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Bruno Comby?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not contribute to the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a reason for Bruno Comby to start the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: nuclear energy does not contribute to the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: using nuclear power

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: polluting gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: nuclear energy is very clean, does not create polluting gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: waste

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: French environmentalist Bruno Comby started the group Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: polluting gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Nuclear Energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: polluting gases

text: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. Therefore, when the elements or their compounds are heated either on a flame or by an electric arc they emit energy in the form of light. Analysis of this light, with the help of a spectroscope gives us a discontinuous spectrum. A spectroscope or a spectrometer is an instrument which is used for separating the components of light, which have different wavelengths. The spectrum appears in a series of lines called the line spectrum. This line spectrum is called an atomic spectrum when it originates from an atom in elemental form. Each element has a different atomic spectrum. The production of line spectra by the atoms of an element indicate that an atom can radiate only a certain amount of energy. This leads to the conclusion that bound electrons cannot have just any amount of energy but only a certain amount of energy.

text: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. Therefore, when the elements or their compounds are heated either on a flame or by an electric arc they emit energy in the form of light. Analysis of this light, with the help of a

text: spectroscope

text: gives us a discontinuous spectrum. A spectroscope or a spectrometer is an instrument which is used for separating the components of light, which have different wavelengths. The spectrum appears in a series of lines called the line spectrum. This line spectrum is called an atomic spectrum when it originates from an atom in elemental form. Each element has a different atomic spectrum. The production of line spectra by the atoms of an element indicate that an atom can radiate only a certain amount of energy. This leads to the conclusion that bound electrons cannot have just any amount of energy but only a certain amount of energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does light consist of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: line spectra

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Line spectra

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a form of

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which statement about gamma rays is true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of spectroscope?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a compound?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: spectroscope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: spectroscope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: bound electrons cannot have just any amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: when a compound is heated

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: bound electrons

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: line spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atomic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: line spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: when the elements or their compounds are heated

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heated either on a flame or by an electric arc

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: bound electrons cannot have just any amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: bound electrons cannot have just any amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: bound electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: line spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: bound electrons

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: any amount of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: discontinuous spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: when the elements or their compounds are heated

text: The emission spectra of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.

text: The emission spectra of a

text: chemical element

text: or

text: chemical compound

text: is the spectrum of

text: frequencies

text: of

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: emitted due to an

text: atom

text: or molecule making a

text: transition

text: from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The

text: photon energy

text: of the emitted

text: photon

text: is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated

text: wavelengths

text: , make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore,

text: spectroscopy

text: can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of molecules?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more photons

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a state?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used in chemical analysis

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical compound?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photon energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two states

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: different radiated wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy difference between the two states

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: emission spectra of a chemical compound

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecule

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: emission spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: a high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy difference

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The emission spectra of a chemical element or chemical compound

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The emission spectra

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The emission spectra of a chemical element or chemical compound

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equal to the energy difference between the two states.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The emission spectra of a chemical element or chemical compound

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: different radiated wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: high energy state to a lower energy state.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases (i.e., greenhouse gases) the atmosphere will radiate energy in all directions. Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it. The downward component of this radiation – that is, the strength of the greenhouse effect – will depend on the atmosphere's temperature and on the amount of greenhouse gases that the atmosphere contains.

text: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases (i.e.,

text: greenhouse gas

text: es) the atmosphere will radiate energy in all directions. Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it. The downward component of this radiation – that is, the strength of the greenhouse effect – will depend on the atmosphere's temperature and on the amount of greenhouse gases that the atmosphere contains.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of radiation does the atmosphere radiate?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiatively active

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What kind of light is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiate energy in all directions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the downward component of this radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not the effect of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a kind of

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the atmosphere will radiate energy in all directions

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy in all directions.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warming it.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The downward component of this radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation is directed towards the surface,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: in all directions.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiate energy in all directions.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the strength of the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiatively active gases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiatively active gases

text: The coronal heating problem is a longstanding question in heliophysics. It is unknown why the sun's corona lives in a temperature range higher than one million degrees while the sun's surface (photosphere) is only a few thousand degrees in temperature. Natural intuition would predict a decrease in temperature while getting farther away from a heat source, but it is theorized that the photosphere, influenced by the sun's magnetic fields, emits certain waves which carry energy (i.e. heat) to the corona and solar wind. It is important to note that because the density of the corona is quite a bit smaller than the photosphere, the heat and energy level of the photosphere is much higher than the corona. Temperature depends only on the average speed of a species, and less energy is required to heat fewer particles to higher temperatures in the coronal atmosphere. Alfvén first proposed the existence of an electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave in 1942 in Nature. He claimed the sun had all necessary criteria to support these waves and that they may in turn be responsible for sun spots. From his paper:

text: The

text: coronal heating problem

text: is a longstanding question in heliophysics. It is unknown why the sun's corona lives in a temperature range higher than one million degrees while the sun's surface (photosphere) is only a few thousand degrees in temperature. Natural intuition would predict a decrease in temperature while getting farther away from a heat source, but it is theorized that the photosphere, influenced by the sun's magnetic fields, emits certain waves which carry energy (i.e. heat) to the corona and solar wind. It is important to note that because the density of the corona is quite a bit smaller than the photosphere, the heat and energy level of the photosphere is much higher than the corona. Temperature depends only on the average speed of a species, and less energy is required to heat fewer particles to higher temperatures in the coronal atmosphere. Alfvén first proposed the existence of an electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave in 1942 in Nature. He claimed the sun had all necessary criteria to support these waves and that they may in turn be responsible for sun spots. From his paper:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: natural intuition would predict a decrease in temperature while getting farther away from a heat source

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the density of the corona?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for sun spots:

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photosphere

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Alfvén first proposed the existence of an electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be responsible for sun spots

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: natural intuition would predict a decrease in temperature while getting farther away

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the density of the corona?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction happen mainly?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the density of the corona?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: It is not possible to create or destroy energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Alfvén first proposed the existence of an electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave in 1942 in Nature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the density of the corona?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: i.e. heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosphere

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the density of the corona is quite a bit smaller than the photosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Sun spots

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun's surface (photosphere)

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the sun's magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sun spots.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sun spots.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: average speed of a species,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat) to the corona and solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Nature.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Temperature depends only on the average speed of a species,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sun spots.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave

text: Asimov described how energy flows through a life-support system from a low entropic state from which it moves all material resources, such as air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat as the final energy output.  The concept reflects the dynamics of ecosystem ecology as described by Howard T. Odum.

text: Asimov described how energy flows through a life-support system from a low

text: entropic

text: state from which it moves all material resources, such as air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat as the final energy output.  The concept reflects the dynamics of

text: ecosystem ecology

text: as described by

text: Howard T. Odum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: low-grade

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the final energy output?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-grade

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does the rejection of low-grade heat as the final energy output?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the rejection of low-grade heat mean?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the final energy output?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: as the final energy output

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is the final energy output

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or air?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the final energy output of burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Odum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-grade heat as the final energy output

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: low-grade

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air, water, and food

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: entropic

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy output.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy flows through a life-support system

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: air, water, and food with the rejection of low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: air, water, and food

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air, water, and food

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: low-grade heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low-grade heat

text: Since 2007, Cool the Earth has been responsible for motivating over 45,000 energy-saving actions to be taken by over 27,000 school children and family members—eliminating 37 million pounds of carbon from the atmosphere—with positive environmental benefits for the region.

text: Since 2007, Cool the Earth has been responsible for motivating over 45,000 energy-saving actions to be taken by over 27,000 school children and family members—eliminating 37 million pounds of carbon from the atmosphere—with positive environmental benefits for the region.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy-saving action?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does cool the earth have positive environmental benefits

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy-saving action?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Carbon dioxide is a renewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: positive environmental benefits

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 27,000 school children and family members—eliminating

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Cool the Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: energy-saving actions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Cool the Earth

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Cool the Earth

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 37 million pounds of carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 37 million pounds of carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy-saving actions

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy-saving actions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Since 2007,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 27,000 school children and family members—eliminating

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 27,000 school children and family members—eliminating

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: members—eliminating 37 million pounds of carbon from the atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere—with

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon

text: The retirement life of the wing spar of a transport category aeroplane type-certificated to the safe-life principle is based on a safety factor applied to data obtained from flight tests and information about properties of the spar material.  The life of 11,400 flights for the Viscount inner lower boom was based on safety factors of 3.5 for the ground-air-ground cycle and 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts. These safety factors were typical for this class of aeroplane.  A 50% reduction of mean time to failure does not adequately explain why the inner lower boom in VH-RMQ should have failed before reaching its retirement life. In anticipation that the atmospheric gust spectrum in Australia may be more severe on the Viscount than the spectrum in some other climatic zones the gust spectrum was measured during 14,000 Viscount flights in Australia before 1961.  The Department of Civil Aviation accepted the Viscount retirement lives as compatible with the atmospheric gust spectrum these aircraft would encounter during operations in Australia.

text: The retirement life of the wing spar of a

text: transport category

text: aeroplane type-certificated to the safe-life principle is based on a

text: safety factor

text: applied to data obtained from flight tests and information about properties of the spar material.  The life of 11,400 flights for the Viscount inner lower boom was based on safety factors of 3.5 for the ground-air-ground cycle and 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts. These safety factors were typical for this class of aeroplane.  A 50% reduction of mean time to failure does not adequately explain why the inner lower boom in VH-RMQ should have failed before reaching its retirement life. In anticipation that the atmospheric gust spectrum in Australia may be more severe on the Viscount than the spectrum in some other

text: climatic zone

text: s the gust spectrum was measured during 14,000 Viscount flights in Australia before 1961.  The Department of Civil Aviation accepted the Viscount retirement lives as compatible with the atmospheric gust spectrum these aircraft would encounter during operations in Australia.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can travel only through matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was measured during 14,000 Viscount flights in Australia

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric gusts

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Department of Civil Aviation accepted the Viscount retirement lives as compatible with the atmospheric gust spectrum these aircraft would encounter during operations in Australia

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ground-air

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many safety factors were typical for this class of aeroplane?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ground-air-ground cycle

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the inner lower boom in VH-RMQ should have failed before reaching its retirement life

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gusts

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: spar material.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum in Australia may be more severe on the Viscount

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: safe-life principle

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: flight tests

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ground-air-ground cycle

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ground-air-ground

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: atmospheric gust spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 5.0 for fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ground-air-ground cycle

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 50% reduction of mean time to failure

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ground-air-ground

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: fatigue damage due to atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric gusts.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gusts.

text: Discovering that the amplification caused a build-up of energy in his body that is reaching a critical - and potentially fatal - level, the Laser seeks the aid of East German scientists, who offer to help by draining off the excess energy and using it to power a network of weapons satellites. The plan, however, is stopped by Iron Man and in battle with the hero, the Laser's energy levels build to critical mass. Although the Laser begs for help, Iron Man has no choice but to hurl the character into the atmosphere where he detonates and apparently dies. Eventually revived, the Laser battles Iron Man once again; and during the    Acts of Vengeance storyline battles the hero Quasar.

text: Discovering that the amplification caused a build-up of energy in his body that is reaching a critical - and potentially fatal - level, the Laser seeks the aid of

text: East German

text: scientists, who offer to help by draining off the excess energy and using it to power a network of weapons

text: satellite

text: s. The plan, however, is stopped by

text: Iron Man

text: and in battle with the hero, the Laser's energy levels build to critical mass. Although the Laser begs for help, Iron Man has no choice but to hurl the character into the

text: atmosphere

text: where he

text: detonate

text: s and apparently dies. Eventually revived, the Laser battles Iron Man once again; and during the

text: Acts of Vengeance

text: storyline battles the hero

text: Quasar

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the Laser use to power satellites?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the Laser use to power weapons satellites?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Lasers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a build-up of energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why does Iron Man hurl the character into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why does the Laser seek the aid of East German scientists?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does Iron Man detonate?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the Laser seeks the aid of East German

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the Laser use to power a network of weapons satellites

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: amplification

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: amplification

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Quasar

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: amplification

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Quasar

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: weapons satellites

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Laser seeks the aid of East German scientists

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellites

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a build-up of energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the build-up of energy in his body

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: critical - and potentially fatal - level,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: amplification

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy in his body

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Laser

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Laser

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Laser seeks the aid of East German scientists,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Quasar.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: fatal

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Iron Man

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power a network of weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the Laser seeks the aid of East German scientists,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: amplification

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Laser seeks the aid of East German scientists,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Quasar.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Laser

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Laser

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: draining off the excess energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellites.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: weapons satellites.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: excess energy

text: Atomic line filters may operate in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In absorption-re-emission ALFs, the frequency of light must be shifted in order for the filter to operate, and in a passive device, this shift must be to a lower frequency (i.e. red shifted) simply because of energy conservation. This means that passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light, because the output frequency would be impractically low. If photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are used then the "output wavelength of the ARF should lie in a spectral region in which commercial, large-area, long-lived PMT's [sic] possess maximum sensitivity". In such a case, active ALFs would have the advantage over passive ALFs as they would more readily, "generate output wavelengths in the near UV, the spectral region in which well-developed photocathodes possess their highest sensitivity".

text: Atomic line filters may operate in the

text: ultraviolet

text: visible

text: and infrared regions of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . In absorption-re-emission ALFs, the frequency of light must be shifted in order for the filter to operate, and in a passive device, this shift must be to a lower frequency (i.e. red shifted) simply because of energy conservation. This means that passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light, because the output frequency would be impractically low. If

text: photomultiplier tubes

text: (PMTs) are used then the "output wavelength of the ARF should lie in a spectral region in which commercial, large-area, long-lived PMT's [sic] possess maximum sensitivity". In such a case, active ALFs would have the advantage over passive ALFs as they would more readily, "generate output wavelengths in the near UV, the spectral region in which well-developed

text: photocathode

text: s possess their highest sensitivity".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: In absorption-re-emission ALFs, the frequency of light

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy conservation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Atomic line filters may operate in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy conservation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: active ALFs would have the advantage over passive ALFs

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption-re-emission

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: red shifted)

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy conservation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy conservation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: passive device,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: UV,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Atomic line filters

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption-re-emission

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy conservation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: passive filters are rarely able to work with infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy conservation.

text: The main mission is carried out by the primary payload instruments, the Imager and the Sounder. The Imager is a multichannel instrument that senses infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy from the Earth's surface and atmosphere. The Sounder provides data for vertical atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, surface and cloud top temperature, and ozone distribution.

text: The main mission is carried out by the primary payload instruments, the Imager and the Sounder. The Imager is a multichannel instrument that senses infrared

text: radiant energy

text: and visible

text: reflected solar energy

text: from the Earth's surface and

text: atmosphere

text: . The Sounder provides data for vertical atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles,

text: surface

text: and cloud top temperature, and

text: ozone

text: distribution.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the main mission carried out by the primary payload instruments, the Imager and the Sounder?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Infrared radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Sounder

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the Sounder provide data for?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the main mission carried out by the primary payload instruments?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The main mission is carried out

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: visible reflected solar energy or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: infrared radiant energy or visible reflected solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sounder provides data for vertical atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reflected sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature and moisture profiles

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ozone distribution

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: vertical atmospheric temperature

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The main mission is carried out by the primary payload instruments,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ozone distribution.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiant energy and visible reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reflected solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ozone distribution.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

text: Waves or oscillations, lose energy over time, typically from friction or turbulence. In many cases the "lost" energy raises the temperature of the system. For example, a wave that loses amplitude is said to dissipate. The precise nature of the effects depends on the nature of the wave: an atmospheric wave, for instance, may dissipate close to the surface due to friction with the land mass, and at higher levels due to radiative cooling.

text: Wave

text: s or

text: oscillation

text: s, lose

text: energy

text: over

text: time

text: , typically from

text: friction

text: or

text: turbulence

text: . In many cases the "lost" energy raises the

text: temperature

text: of the system. For example, a

text: wave

text: that loses

text: amplitude

text: is said to dissipate. The precise nature of the effects depends on the nature of the wave: an

text: atmospheric wave

text: , for instance, may dissipate close to the surface due to

text: friction

text: with the land mass, and at higher levels due to

text: radiative cooling

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: friction or turbulence?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the name of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: raise the temperature of the system

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: friction or turbulence?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the wave lose?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: dissipate

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wave?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: dissipate

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Friction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Friction and turbulence

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy over time

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dissipate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: dissipate

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "lost" energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "lost" energy raises the temperature of the system.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative cooling.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: friction or turbulence.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy over time,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric wave,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiative cooling.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: friction

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: friction with the land mass,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "lost" energy raises the temperature of the system.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: lose energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: friction or turbulence.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: friction with the land mass,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lose energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Waves or oscillations,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Waves or oscillations, lose energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: friction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Waves or oscillations,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lose energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric wave,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: raises the temperature of the system.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: "lost" energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "lost" energy raises the temperature of the system.

text: The Sun's energy, stored by plants (primary producers) during photosynthesis, passes through the food chain to other organisms to ultimately power all living processes. Since the industrial revolution the concentrated energy of the Sun stored in fossilized plants as fossil fuels has been a major driver of technology which, in turn, has been the source of both economic and political power. In 2007 climate scientists of the IPCC concluded that there was at least a 90% probability that atmospheric increase in CO was human-induced, mostly as a result of fossil fuel emissions but, to a lesser extent from changes in land use. Stabilizing the world’s climate will require high-income countries to reduce their emissions by 60–90% over 2006 levels by 2050 which should hold CO levels at 450–650 ppm from current levels of about 380 ppm. Above this level, temperatures could rise by more than 2 °C to produce “catastrophic” climate change. Reduction of current CO levels must be achieved against a background of global population increase and developing countries aspiring to energy-intensive high consumption Western lifestyles.

text: The Sun's energy, stored by plants (

text: primary producer

text: s) during

text: photosynthesis

text: , passes through the

text: food chain

text: to other organisms to ultimately power all living processes. Since the

text: industrial revolution

text: the concentrated energy of the

text: Sun

text: stored in fossilized plants as

text: fossil fuel

text: s has been a major driver of

text: technology

text: which, in turn, has been the source of both economic and political power. In 2007 climate scientists of the

entity_name: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

text: IPCC

text: concluded that there was at least a 90% probability that atmospheric increase in CO was human-induced, mostly as a result of fossil fuel emissions but, to a lesser extent from changes in land use. Stabilizing the world’s climate will require high-income countries to reduce their emissions by 60–90% over 2006 levels by 2050 which should hold CO levels at 450–650 ppm from current levels of about 380 ppm. Above this level, temperatures could rise by more than 2 °C to produce “catastrophic”

text: climate change

text: . Reduction of current CO levels must be achieved against a background of global population increase and developing countries aspiring to energy-intensive high consumption Western lifestyles.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is stored in fossilized plants as fossil fuels?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy is stored in fossilized plants as fossil fuels?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase CO levels

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: photosynthesis, land use, or fossil fuels?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a result of fossil fuel emissions?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a result of human-induced, mostly as a result of fossil fuel emissions?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the source of both economic and political power?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: technology which, in turn, has been the source of both economic and political power

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO levels at 450–650 ppm

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Sun's energy, stored by plants (primary producers) during photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a result of fossil fuel emissions?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a result of fossil fuel emissions?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the concentrated energy of the Sun stored in fossilized plants as fossil fuels has been a major driver of technology

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: human-induced

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 380 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: food chain to other organisms

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Sun's energy, stored by plants

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric increase

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Sun's energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: human-induced,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Sun's energy,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 380 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 380 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: fossil fuel emissions

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: economic and political power.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO levels at 450–650 ppm

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: passes through the food chain to other organisms

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 450–650 ppm

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Sun's energy, stored by plants

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The Sun's energy, stored by plants

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The Sun's energy, stored by plants

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun's energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric increase

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperatures

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuel emissions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: human-induced, mostly as a result of fossil fuel emissions

text: Traditionally, the energies and manifestations of the planets were different based on their declination or motion; for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, the diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion, while the nocturnal energy refers to the retrograde motion of the planets.  For the Moon, this was illustrated by the waxing or waning periods of the Moon, respectively; the Sun's figures were based on the Sun during the day (or northern declination) or during the night (southern declination).  The zodiacal rulerships followed from the diurnal or nocturnal planetary rulership: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water signs, while diurnal figures are assigned fire and air signs.  The North Node is assigned, by Gerard of Cremona, to Sagittarius and the South Node to Virgo (for the sake of finding the ascendant in astrological traditions of geomancy).  Once the zodiacal rulerships were agreed upon, all the following correspondences followed upon the geomantic figures, including what part of the body they each ruled over, different countries, planetary hours, body and character types, and so on.

text: Traditionally, the energies and manifestations of the planets were different based on their

text: declination

text: or

text: motion

text: ; for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, the diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion, while the nocturnal energy refers to the retrograde motion of the planets.  For the Moon, this was illustrated by the waxing or waning periods of the Moon, respectively; the Sun's figures were based on the Sun during the day (or northern declination) or during the night (southern declination).  The zodiacal rulerships followed from the diurnal or nocturnal planetary rulership: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water signs, while diurnal figures are assigned fire and air signs.  The North Node is assigned, by Gerard of Cremona, to Sagittarius and the South Node to Virgo (for the sake of finding the ascendant in astrological traditions of geomancy).  Once the zodiacal rulerships were agreed upon, all the following correspondences followed upon the geomantic figures, including what part of the body they each ruled over, different countries,

text: planetary hours

text: , body and character types, and so on.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: air signs

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of energy represents the planet in direct motion?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: declination

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: diurnal

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference between nocturnal and diurnal energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: diurnal figures are assigned fire and air signs

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a sign of the zodiacal rulership: fire and air signs?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fire and air signs

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the North Node is assigned, by Gerard of Cremona, to Sagittarius and the South Node to Virgo

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Saturn

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: retrograde motion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: southern declination

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the retrograde motion of the planets

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fire and air signs.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: earth and water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: fire and air signs.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the Sun's figures were based on the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: fire and air signs.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: northern declination) or during the night

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Mercury,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: nocturnal figures are assigned earth

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: fire and air

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water signs,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: nocturnal planetary rulership:

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energies

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: planetary hours, body and character types, and so on.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water signs,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: nocturnal figures are assigned earth

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: nocturnal figures are assigned earth and water

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: fire and air signs.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fire and air signs.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: diurnal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: nocturnal

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: direct motion,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: waxing or waning periods of the Moon,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: motion,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: northern declination) or during the night

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: diurnal energy represents the planet in direct motion,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nocturnal energy refers to the retrograde motion of the planets.

text: This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is a red clump giant on the horizontal branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, indicating that is it now generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core. The star has more than twice the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 10 times the Sun's radius. As such, it is radiating nearly 47 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,710 K.

text: This is an

text: evolved

text: K-type

text: giant star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of K0 III. It is a

text: red clump

text: giant on the

text: horizontal branch

text: of the

text: Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

text: , indicating that is it now generating energy through the

text: thermonuclear fusion

text: of helium at its core. The star has more than twice the

text: mass of the Sun

text: and has expanded to 10 times the

text: Sun's radius

text: . As such, it is radiating nearly 47 times the

text: solar luminosity

text: from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 4,710 K.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: helium or helium?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: It is radiating nearly 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Radiation from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,710 K.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How many times the Sun's radius does the star have?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the star generate energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What is the star's effective temperature?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: how many times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can not be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How many times the Sun's radius does the star have?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: red clump giant or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or fusion of helium?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: as such, it is radiating nearly 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the star has more than twice the mass of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: How many times the solar luminosity does the star radiate?

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: horizontal branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Hertzsprung–Russell diagram,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: red clump giant

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: red clump giant

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 47 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

text: Specific energy is energy per unit mass. (It is also sometimes called "energy density," though "energy density" more precisely means energy per unit volume.) It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat or other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific Gibbs free energy, and specific Helmholtz free energy.  It may also be used for the kinetic energy or potential energy of a body.  Specific energy is an intensive property, whereas energy and mass are extensive properties.

text: Specific energy is

text: energy

text: per unit

text: mass

text: . (It is also sometimes called "energy density," though "energy density" more precisely means

text: energy per unit volume

text: .) It is used to quantify, for example, stored

text: heat

text: or other

text: thermodynamic properties

text: of substances such as

text: specific internal energy

text: specific enthalpy

text: , specific

text: Gibbs free energy

text: , and specific

text: Helmholtz free energy

text: .  It may also be used for the

text: kinetic energy

text: or

text: potential energy

text: of a body.  Specific energy is an

text: intensive property

text: , whereas energy and mass are

text: extensive properties

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: specific internal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: specific enthalpy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a property of specific energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: specific Gibbs free energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: specific

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: specific internal energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to quantify specific internal energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does this relate to specific energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of specific energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is energy per unit mass

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific Gibbs free energy, specific Helmholtz free energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy and mass are extensive properties.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a body

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: specific internal energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: specific internal energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: specific enthalpy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy and mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy or potential energy of a body.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy or potential energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "energy density,"

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy or potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy or potential energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy and mass are extensive properties.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Specific energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat

text: Spread-spectrum clock generation (SSCG) is used in some synchronous digital systems, especially those containing microprocessors, to reduce the spectral density of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) that these systems generate.  A synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a clock signal and, because of its periodic nature, has an unavoidably narrow frequency spectrum.  In fact, a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency (the desired clock frequency) and its harmonics.  Practical synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy on a number of narrow bands spread on the clock frequency and its harmonics, resulting in a frequency spectrum that, at certain frequencies, can exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference (e.g. those of the FCC in the United States, JEITA in Japan and the IEC in Europe).

text: Spread-spectrum clock generation (SSCG) is used in some

text: synchronous digital systems

text: , especially those containing microprocessors, to reduce the spectral density of the

text: electromagnetic interference

text: (EMI) that these systems generate.  A synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a

text: clock signal

text: and, because of its periodic nature, has an unavoidably narrow frequency spectrum.  In fact, a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency (the desired clock frequency) and its harmonics.  Practical synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy on a number of narrow bands spread on the clock frequency and its harmonics, resulting in a frequency spectrum that, at certain frequencies, can exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference (e.g. those of the

text: FCC

text: in the United States,

entity_name: Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association

text: JEITA

text: in Japan and the

text: IEC

text: in Europe).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: EMI

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does EMI stand for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: EMI

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EMI

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: A perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency (the desired clock frequency) and its harmonics

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Microprocessors

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: at certain frequencies, can exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a clock signal

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Spread-spectrum clock generation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic interference

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic interference

text: Research on the effect of  on the climate began in the 19th century; Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824, and in 1860 John Tyndall quantified the effect of each gas. This potential explanation of ice ages was investigated by Svante Arrhenius, who published research in 1896 showing that a geometric increase in  would cause an arithmetical increase in temperatures. He suggested that coal burning could cause the effect, and in a 1938 article Guy Stewart Callendar presented evidence that it was already happening. Both viewed this as a benign possibility.

text: Research on the effect of  on the climate began in the 19th century;

text: Joseph Fourier

text: discovered the atmospheric "

text: greenhouse effect

text: " in 1824, and in 1860

text: John Tyndall

text: quantified the effect of each gas. This potential explanation of

text: ice age

text: s was investigated by

text: Svante Arrhenius

text: , who published research in 1896 showing that a

text: geometric increase

text: in  would cause an

text: arithmetical increase

text: in temperatures. He suggested that coal burning could cause the effect, and in a 1938 article

text: Guy Stewart Callendar

text: presented evidence that it was already happening. Both viewed this as a benign possibility.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was discovered in the 19th century?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause arithmetical increase in temperatures

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the "greenhouse effect" work?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: how many years after Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Svante Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many years after Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" did John Tyndall quantify the effect of each gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a geometric increase in would cause an arithmetical increase in temperatures

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Coal burning

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gas.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" in 1824,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gas.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Joseph Fourier discovered the atmospheric "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ice ages was investigated by Svante Arrhenius,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ice ages was investigated by Svante Arrhenius,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gas.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gas.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: coal burning

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: coal burning

text: The Sun's electromagnetic radiation which is received at the Earth's surface is predominantly light that falls within the range of wavelengths to which the visual systems of the animals that inhabit Earth's surface are sensitive. The Sun may therefore be said to illuminate, which is a measure of the light within a specific sensitivity range. Many animals (including humans) have a sensitivity range of approximately 400–700 nm, and given optimal conditions the absorption and scattering by Earth's atmosphere produces illumination that approximates an equal-energy illuminant for most of this range. The useful range for color vision in humans, for example, is approximately 450–650 nm. Aside from effects that arise at sunset and sunrise, the spectral composition changes primarily in respect to how directly sunlight is able to illuminate. When illumination is indirect, Rayleigh scattering in the upper atmosphere will lead blue wavelengths to dominate. Water vapour in the lower atmosphere produces further scattering and ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

text: The Sun's electromagnetic radiation which is received at the Earth's surface is predominantly light that falls within the range of wavelengths to which the visual systems of the animals that inhabit Earth's surface are sensitive. The Sun may therefore be said to

text: illuminate

text: , which is a measure of the light within a specific sensitivity range. Many animals (including humans) have a sensitivity range of approximately 400–700 nm, and given optimal conditions the absorption and scattering by Earth's atmosphere produces illumination that approximates an

text: equal-energy illuminant

text: for most of this range. The useful range for color vision in humans, for example, is approximately 450–650 nm. Aside from effects that arise at sunset and sunrise, the spectral composition changes primarily in respect to how directly sunlight is able to illuminate. When illumination is indirect,

text: Rayleigh scattering

text: in the upper atmosphere will lead blue wavelengths to dominate. Water vapour in the lower atmosphere produces further scattering and ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum is the Sun's electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wavelength?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of illuminant?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Sun may therefore be said to illuminate

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water vapour

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Sun's electromagnetic radiation travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 700 nm

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equal-energy illuminant for most of this range

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Rayleigh scattering in the upper atmosphere will lead blue wavelengths to dominate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Water vapour in the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 400–700 nm,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Sun's electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Sun's electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Rayleigh scattering

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: blue wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the visual systems of the animals that inhabit Earth's surface are sensitive.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: blue wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Sun may therefore be said to illuminate,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Sun's electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: blue wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Rayleigh scattering

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Water vapour in the lower atmosphere produces further scattering

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: equal-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: spectral composition

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water vapour

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nm,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorption and scattering

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: blue wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 400–700 nm,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb selective wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 450–650 nm.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equal-energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Water vapour in the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: indirect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight is able to illuminate.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Water vapour

text: There is a zone of the atmosphere in which ozone absorbs some 98% of non-ionizing but dangerous UV-C and UV-B. This so-called ozone layer, starts at about  and extends upward. Some of the ultraviolet spectrum that does reach the ground (the part that begins above energies of 3.1 eV, a wavelength less than 400 nm) is non-ionizing, but is still biologically hazardous due to the ability of single photons of this energy to cause electronic excitation in biological molecules, and thus damage them by means of unwanted reactions. An example is the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, which begins at wavelengths below 365 nm (3.4 eV), which is well below ionization energy. This property gives the ultraviolet spectrum some of the dangers of ionizing radiation in biological systems without actual ionization occurring. In contrast, visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared, microwaves, and radio waves, consists of photons with too little energy to cause damaging molecular excitation, and thus this radiation is far less hazardous per unit of energy.

text: There is a zone of the atmosphere in which ozone absorbs some 98% of non-ionizing but dangerous UV-C and UV-B. This so-called

text: ozone layer

text: , starts at about  and extends upward. Some of the ultraviolet spectrum that does reach the ground (the part that begins above energies of 3.1 eV, a wavelength less than 400 nm) is non-ionizing, but is still biologically hazardous due to the ability of single photons of this energy to cause electronic excitation in biological molecules, and thus damage them by means of unwanted reactions. An example is the formation of

text: pyrimidine dimer

text: s in DNA, which begins at wavelengths below 365 nm (3.4 eV), which is well below ionization energy. This property gives the ultraviolet spectrum some of the dangers of ionizing radiation in biological systems without actual ionization occurring. In contrast, visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared, microwaves, and radio waves, consists of photons with too little energy to cause damaging molecular excitation, and thus this radiation is far less hazardous per unit of energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which spectrum is less hazardous per unit of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV-C

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause unwanted reactions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is non-ionizing but is still biologically hazardous

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does the ozone layer absorb?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: excitation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: UV-C and UV-B

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: UV-C and UV-B

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: UV-C

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: UV-C

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 400 nm) is non-ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: biological molecules,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared, microwaves, and radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ozone layer,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: biologically hazardous

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause electronic excitation in biological molecules,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet spectrum that does reach the ground

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photons with too little energy to cause damaging molecular excitation,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ozone layer,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ozone layer,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: single photons of this energy to cause electronic excitation in biological molecules,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible light and longer-wavelength electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared, microwaves, and radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electronic excitation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ionizing radiation in biological systems without actual ionization

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ozone layer,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: UV-C and UV-B.

text: International energy statistics are typically broken down by carrier, sector and sub-sector, and country.  Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy and secondary (or intermediate) energy and sometimes final (or end-use) energy.  Published energy datasets are normally adjusted so that they are internally consistent, meaning that all energy stocks and flows must balance.  The IEA regularly publishes energy statistics and energy balances with varying levels of detail and cost and also offers mid-term projections based on this data.  The notion of an energy carrier, as used in energy economics, is distinct and different from the definition of energy used in physics.

text: International

text: energy statistics

text: are typically broken down by carrier, sector and sub-sector, and country.  Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as

text: primary energy

text: and

entity_section: Conversion to energy carriers (or secondary energy)

text: secondary

text: (or intermediate) energy and sometimes final (or end-use) energy.  Published energy datasets are normally adjusted so that they are internally consistent, meaning that all energy stocks and flows must

text: balance

text: .  The IEA regularly publishes energy statistics and energy balances with varying levels of detail and cost and also offers mid-term projections based on this data.  The notion of an energy carrier, as used in

text: energy economics

text: , is distinct and different from the definition of

text: energy

text: used in physics.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the definition of energy used in physics?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the definition of energy used in physics?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the definition of energy used in physics?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of energy in physics?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What is the definition of energy used in physics?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy carriers are further classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy flows

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The notion of an energy carrier

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is deep purple part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The notion of an energy carrier

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: primary energy and secondary energy and sometimes final (or end-use) energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy and secondary (or intermediate) energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: energy economics

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: end-use energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: flows

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: final (or end-use) energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: International energy statistics

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: International energy statistics

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: International energy statistics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: International energy statistics

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy stocks

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Energy carriers ( energy products) are further classified as primary energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: primary energy and secondary (or intermediate) energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: physics.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: energy stocks

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy carrier,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy stocks and flows must balance.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Energy carriers

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy

text: The waterhole, or water hole, is an especially quiet band of the electromagnetic spectrum between 1,420 and 1,666 megahertz, corresponding to wavelengths of 21 and 18 centimeters respectively.  It is a popular observing frequency used by radio telescopes in radio astronomy.   The term was coined by Bernard Oliver in 1971. The strongest hydroxyl radical spectral line radiates at 18 centimeters, and hydrogen at 21 centimeters. These two molecules, which combined form water, are widespread in interstellar gas, and their presence radiates radio noise at these frequencies.  Therefore, the spectrum between these frequencies form a "quiet" channel in the interstellar radio noise background.  Bernard M. Oliver theorized that the waterhole would be an obvious band for communication with extraterrestrial intelligence, hence the name, which is a form of pun: in English, a watering hole is a vernacular reference to a common place to meet and talk. Several programs involved in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, including SETI@home, search in the waterhole radio frequencies.

text: The waterhole, or water hole, is an especially quiet

text: band

text: of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: between 1,420 and 1,666

text: megahertz

text: , corresponding to wavelengths of 21 and 18 centimeters respectively.  It is a popular observing frequency used by

text: radio telescope

text: s in

text: radio astronomy

text: .   The term was coined by

text: Bernard Oliver

text: in 1971. The strongest

text: hydroxyl radical

text: spectral line

text: radiates at 18 centimeters, and

text: hydrogen

text: at 21 centimeters. These two molecules, which combined form

text: water

text: , are widespread in interstellar gas, and their presence radiates radio noise at these frequencies.  Therefore, the spectrum between these frequencies form a "quiet" channel in the interstellar

text: radio noise

text: background.  Bernard M. Oliver theorized that the waterhole would be an obvious band for

entity_name: Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence

text: communication with extraterrestrial intelligence

text: , hence the name, which is a form of pun: in English, a watering hole is a

text: vernacular

text: reference to a common place to meet and talk. Several programs involved in the

entity_name: Search for extraterrestrial intelligence

text: search for extraterrestrial intelligence

text: , including

text: SETI@home

text: , search in the waterhole radio frequencies.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: between 1,420 and 1,666 megahertz

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 18 centimeters

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radio noise

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: Warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a vernacular reference to a common place to meet

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio telescopes

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radio telescopes in radio astronomy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: interstellar

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: waterhole radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: interstellar gas

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: interstellar gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The waterhole,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hydroxyl radical

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules, which combined form water,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: between 1,420 and 1,666 megahertz,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hydroxyl radical spectral line

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 21 and 18 centimeters

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 21 and 18 centimeters

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: hydroxyl radical spectral line

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radio noise

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: interstellar gas,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: hydrogen at 21 centimeters.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 1,666 megahertz,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Several programs involved in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 21 and 18 centimeters

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 21 and 18 centimeters

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: extraterrestrial intelligence,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: interstellar gas,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: interstellar gas,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "quiet" channel in the interstellar radio noise background.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: interstellar gas,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water, are widespread in interstellar gas,

text: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form, and reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being made. So we must conserve these fuels and use them judiciously. The production and use of fossil fuels raise environmental concerns. A global movement toward the generation of renewable energy is therefore under way to help meet increased energy needs. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide (CO) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year (one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12 or 3.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide).  Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response, which the vast majority of climate scientists agree will cause major adverse effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

text: Fossil fuels are

text: non-renewable resources

text: because they take millions of years to form, and reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being made. So we must conserve these fuels and use them judiciously. The production and use of fossil fuels raise environmental concerns. A global movement toward the generation of

text: renewable energy

text: is therefore under way to help meet increased energy needs. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion

text: tonnes

text: gigatonne

text: s) of

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year (one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12 or 3.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide).  Carbon dioxide is one of the

text: greenhouse gas

text: es that enhances

text: radiative forcing

text: and contributes to

text: global warming

text: , causing the

text: average surface temperature

text: of the Earth to rise in response, which

text: the vast majority of climate scientists

text: agree will cause major

text: adverse effects

text: .Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: fossil fuels or natural processes?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to global warming

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: conduction or radiative forcing?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: fossil fuels or natural processes?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the average surface temperature of the Earth rise in response to?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What is a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: fossil fuels or natural processes?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What does radiative forcing mean?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: effects.Fuels

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: effects.Fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (one tonne of atmospheric carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: effects.Fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: effects.Fuels are a source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: Austrian-American psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich designed a "cloudbuster" in the United States with which he said he could manipulate streams of "orgone energy" (which he claimed was a primordial cosmic energy) in the atmosphere to induce rain by forcing clouds to form and disperse. It was a set of hollow metal pipes and cables inserted into water, which Reich argued created a stronger orgone energy field than was in the atmosphere, the water drawing the atmospheric orgone through the pipes. Reich called his research "Cosmic Orgone Engineering".

text: Austrian-American psychoanalyst

text: Wilhelm Reich

text: designed a "

text: cloudbuster

text: " in the

text: United States

text: with which he said he could manipulate streams of "

text: orgone energy

text: " (which he claimed was a primordial cosmic energy) in the atmosphere to induce rain by forcing clouds to form and disperse. It was a set of hollow metal pipes and cables inserted into water, which Reich argued created a stronger orgone energy field than was in the atmosphere, the water drawing the atmospheric orgone through the pipes. Reich called his research "Cosmic Orgone Engineering".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cloudbuster

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: metal pipes and cables or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: orgone, cloudbuster, or cosmic?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cloudbuster

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cloudbusters

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause clouds to form

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Reich designed a "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: orgone energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, orgone

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: orgone energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the water drawing the atmospheric orgone through the pipes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: through pipes

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: orgone energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: hollow metal pipes and cables inserted into water,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: rain

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "cloudbuster" in the United States

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the water drawing the atmospheric orgone

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "cloudbuster" in the United States

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy)

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: he could manipulate streams of "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "cloudbuster" in the United States

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atmospheric orgone

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: the water drawing the atmospheric orgone through the pipes.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "cloudbuster"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: the water drawing the atmospheric orgone

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: "orgone energy"

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atmospheric orgone

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic energy)

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rain

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "orgone energy"

text: Biosequestration is the capture and storage of the atmospheric greenhouse gas carbon dioxide by biological processes.

text: Biosequestration is the capture and storage of the atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: carbon dioxide

text: by biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an example of biosequestration?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultrasonic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Biosequestration be used for?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored in a cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is the opposite of biosequestration?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of biosequestration?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be captured by biological processes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be biosequestered

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Biosequestration is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide by biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: biological processes.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Biosequestration

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide by biological processes.

text: As astronomer Phil Plait has pointed out, the amount of energy necessary to shatter an Earth-sized planet is extremely large: "about 2 x 10 Joules.... about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

text: As astronomer

text: Phil Plait

text: has pointed out, the amount of energy necessary to shatter an Earth-sized planet is extremely large: "about 2 x 10 Joules.... about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: c).

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It can not travel through air.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the sun produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: extremely large

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a planet to shatter

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Phil Plait?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: c).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does phil plait have

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can not shatter an earth-sized planet

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not the type of energy needed to shatter an Earth-sized planet?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Joules

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun does not produce energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth-sized planets

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun puts out

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 2 x 10 Joules....

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: extremely large:

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: shatter an Earth-sized planet

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the amount of energy necessary to shatter an Earth-sized

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: week."

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: week."

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a week."

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 2 x 10 Joules....

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: a week."

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: a week."

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: about as much energy as the sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth-sized planet

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the amount of energy necessary to shatter an Earth-sized planet

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun puts out in a week."

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sun puts out in a week."

text: Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.

text: Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through

text: photosynthesis

text: , a process that also captures

text: carbon

text: from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another,

text: animal

text: s play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and

text: microbial

text: biomass

text: present. By breaking down dead organic matter,

text: decomposer

text: s release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate

text: nutrient cycling

text: by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an essential abiotic component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an essential abiotic component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an essential abiotic component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a component of an ecosystem: energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not an essential abiotic component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does photosynthesis capture carbon from the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a component of an ecosystem?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: nutrient cycling

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: nutrient cycling

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon back to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: primarily from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon from the atmosphere.

text: LOFAR offers a unique possibility in particle physics for studying the origin of high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (HECRs and UHECRs) at energies between } eV. Both the sites and processes for accelerating particles are unknown. Possible candidate sources of these HECRs are shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies, intergalactic shocks created during the epoch of galaxy formation, so-called Hyper-novae, gamma-ray bursts, or decay products of super-massive particles from topological defects, left over from phase transitions in the early Universe. The primary observable is the intense radio pulse that is produced when a primary CR hits the atmosphere and produces an extensive air shower (EAS). An EAS is aligned along the direction of motion of the primary particle, and a substantial part of its component consists of electron-positron pairs which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere (e.g., geo-synchrotron emission).

text: LOFAR offers a unique possibility in

text: particle physics

text: for studying the origin of high-energy and

text: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

text: s (HECRs and UHECRs) at energies between } eV. Both the sites and processes for accelerating particles are unknown. Possible candidate sources of these HECRs are shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies, intergalactic shocks created during the epoch of galaxy formation, so-called Hyper-novae,

text: gamma-ray burst

text: s, or decay products of super-massive particles from topological defects, left over from phase transitions in the early Universe. The primary observable is the intense radio pulse that is produced when a primary CR hits the atmosphere and produces an extensive air shower (EAS). An EAS is aligned along the direction of motion of the primary particle, and a substantial part of its component consists of

text: electron-positron pairs

text: which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere (e.g., geo-synchrotron emission).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the primary observable that is produced when a primary CR hits the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is produced when a primary CR hits the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UHECRs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce an extensive air shower

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high-energy cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: LOFAR offers a unique possibility

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrostatic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the primary observable?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air shower

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of HECRs?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cosmic rays are shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air showers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: air shower

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electron-positron pairs

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electron-positron pairs which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: <unk> eV.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma-ray bursts,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electron-positron pairs which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: shocks in radio lobes of powerful radio galaxies,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: geo-synchrotron emission).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: accelerating particles are unknown.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: LOFAR

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electron-positron pairs

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron-positron pairs

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electron-positron pairs which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio pulse

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: <unk> eV.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electron-positron pairs

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio pulse

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: <unk> eV.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: accelerating particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electron-positron pairs which emit radio emission in the terrestrial magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

text: Well known for closing the gay/straight clubbing divide, Ariel doesn’t just play records; he creates a unique atmosphere with them, bringing together different styles of music by accentuating the African and Latin polyrhythm’s that are the trademark of his sound. From the beginning Ariel always forged his own path as a DJ. He did not follow any mainstream music current and stayed intact with passing trends. Furthermore, he managed to create his own personal sound by choosing the records he played according to his taste, not with regards to the artist’s or label's popularity and success status.However, Ariel’s sound has progressed through the last 3 decades beginning as disco and new wave music throughout the '80s, hard house and trance in the '90s and Latin tech house in the '00s.Ariel DJ sets and track selection are always performed live, guide solely by instinct and consist of various mood changes and techniques aimed to create energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

text: Well known for closing the gay/straight clubbing divide, Ariel doesn’t just play records; he creates a unique atmosphere with them, bringing together different styles of music by accentuating the African and Latin polyrhythm’s that are the trademark of his sound. From the beginning Ariel always forged his own path as a DJ. He did not follow any mainstream music current and stayed intact with passing trends. Furthermore, he managed to create his own personal sound by choosing the records he played according to his taste, not with regards to the artist’s or label's popularity and success status.However, Ariel’s sound has progressed through the last 3 decades beginning as

text: disco

text: and

text: new wave music

text: throughout the '80s,

text: hard house

text: and

text: trance

text: in the '90s and

text: Latin tech house

text: in the '00s.Ariel DJ sets and track selection are always performed live, guide solely by instinct and consist of various mood changes and techniques aimed to create energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: new wave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Ariel DJ sets consist of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not true of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: trance

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a trademark of Ariel: African and Latin polyrhythm’s that are the trademark of his sound?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Ariel be exposed to?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a trademark of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a trademark of Ariel: African and Latin polyrhythm’s

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is true of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does Ariel do for a living

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Ariel DJ sets and track selection are always performed live

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not true of Ariel?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Ariel DJ sets

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Ariel DJ sets and track selection are always performed live

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ariel's sound

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: interacting with matter

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Ariel’s sound

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Ariel's DJ sets

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Ariel's DJ sets

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: trends.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hard house and trance

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hard house and trance

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: new wave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: trends.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: He did not follow any mainstream music current and stayed intact with passing trends.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: trends.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: passing trends.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Ariel always forged his own path as a DJ.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: African and Latin polyrhythm’s

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: He did not follow any mainstream music current and stayed intact with passing trends.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: flow

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: African and Latin polyrhythm’s

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: African and Latin polyrhythm’s

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: African and Latin polyrhythm’s

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: mainstream music current and stayed intact with passing trends.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy flow and atmosphere on the dance floor.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gay/straight clubbing divide,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: trends.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: passing trends.

text: produces a "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star, that is, it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.  In that case,

text: produces a "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star, that is, it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.  In that case,

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: it is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: polarized

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: it does not say

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce a "gray" absorption

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the best way to explain this?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always rises

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earths atmosphere absorbs more energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: It is impossible.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can not be used in a sentence

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light and sound

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a star is not a source of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "gray" absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "gray"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: star,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "gray" absorption in the atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: it is independent of any specific wavelength and absorbs along the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere of a star,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "gray" absorption

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: star,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: star,

text: Solar heating systems are a well known second-generation technology and generally consist of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir or tank for heat storage and subsequent use. The systems may be used to heat domestic hot water, swimming pool water, or for space heating. The heat can also be used for industrial applications or as an energy input for other uses such as cooling equipment. In many climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy.Energy received from the sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation. Light ranges of visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves received by the earth through solar energy. The highest power of radiation comes from visible light. Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night. Cloud cover can also add to complications of solar energy, and not all radiation from the sun reaches earth because it is absorbed and dispersed due to clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

text: Solar heating

text: systems are a well known second-generation technology and generally consist of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir or tank for heat storage and subsequent use. The systems may be used to heat domestic hot water, swimming pool water, or for space heating. The heat can also be used for industrial applications or as an energy input for other uses such as cooling equipment. In many climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy.Energy received from the sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation. Light ranges of visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves received by the earth through solar energy. The highest power of radiation comes from visible light. Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night. Cloud cover can also add to complications of solar energy, and not all radiation from the sun reaches earth because it is absorbed and dispersed due to clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, or radio waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: space heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the highest power of radiation comes from visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to heat domestic hot water

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: visible, infrared, ultraviolet, or radio waves?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not caused by clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The heat can also be used for industrial applications or as an energy input for other uses

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is the highest power of radiation from the sun?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy received from the sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar heating systems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: seasons and from day to night

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds and gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar heating systems

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy.Energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cooling equipment.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The highest power of radiation comes from visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet, x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: absorbed and dispersed

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat from the collector to its point of usage,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The heat can also be used for industrial applications

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar heating systems

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet, x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet, x-rays,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cooling equipment.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases

text: Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although commercially important uses of radio use only a small part of this spectrum. Other types of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range, are infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. Since the energy of an individual photon of radio frequency is too low to remove an electron from an atom, radio waves are classified as non-ionizing radiation.

text: Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although commercially important uses of radio use only a small part of this spectrum. Other types of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range, are

text: infrared

text: , visible

text: light

text: ultraviolet

text: X-ray

text: s and

text: gamma ray

text: s. Since the energy of an individual

text: photon

text: of radio frequency is too low to remove an

text: electron

text: from an

text: atom

text: , radio waves are classified as

text: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is non-ionizing radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: commercially important uses of radio

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radio waves are classified as non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: X-rays and gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: non-ionizing radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atom,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: RF range,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 3 kHz to 300 GHz,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electron from an atom,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: commercially important uses of radio

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 3 kHz to 300 GHz,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron from an atom,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared, visible light,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: non-ionizing radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: too low to remove an electron from an atom,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 3 kHz to 300 GHz,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

text: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region of the atmosphere to be studied by TIMED is located between 60–180 km above the Earth's surface where energy from solar radiation is first deposited into the atmosphere. This can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions, particularly during the peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle when the greatest amounts of its energy are being released. Understanding these interactions is also important for our understanding of various subjects in geophysics, meteorology, and atmospheric science, as solar radiation is one of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides. Changes in the MLT can also affect modern satellite and radio telecommunications.

text: The

text: Mesosphere

text: and Lower

text: Thermosphere

text: (MLT) region of the atmosphere to be studied by TIMED is located between 60–180 km above the Earth's surface where energy from solar radiation is first deposited into the atmosphere. This can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions, particularly during the peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle when the greatest amounts of its energy are being released. Understanding these interactions is also important for our understanding of various subjects in

text: geophysics

text: meteorology

text: , and

text: atmospheric science

text: , as solar radiation is one of the primary driving forces behind

text: atmospheric tides

text: . Changes in the MLT can also affect modern

text: satellite

text: and

text: radio

text: telecommunications

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio telecommunication

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is one of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: TIMED

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is one of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: One of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions, particularly during the peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation is first deposited into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is one of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: TIMED

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar radiation is one of the primary driving forces behind atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's upper atmospheric regions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Sun's 11-year solar cycle

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric tides.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric tides.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy from solar radiation is first deposited

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: modern satellite and radio telecommunications.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio telecommunications.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the greatest amounts of its energy are being released.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric tides.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar radiation

text: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

text: The Sun is the

text: star

text: at the center of the

text: Solar System

text: . It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot

text: plasma

text: , with internal

text: convective

text: motion that generates a

text: magnetic field

text: via a

text: dynamo process

text: . It is by far the most important source of

text: energy

text: for

text: life

text: on

text: Earth

text: . Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and

text: its mass

text: is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of

text: hydrogen

text: (~73%); the rest is mostly

text: helium

text: (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including

text: oxygen

text: carbon

text: neon

text: , and

text: iron

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the most important source of energy for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: How does the Sun generate a magnetic field?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective motion

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: generate a magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the Sun important for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most important source of energy for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is by far the most important source of energy for life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Sun is by far the most important source of energy for what?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: dynamo process

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, neon, or iron?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the most important source of energy for life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen and helium

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun is the only source of energy for life on earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dynamo

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plasma,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hot plasma,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convective motion

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: magnetic field via a dynamo process.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.About

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: oxygen, carbon,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: plasma,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: internal convective motion

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convective motion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: hot plasma,

text: With the pressure term neglected, energy exists in two forms, potential and kinetic.  Assuming all the fluid particles are moving at the same velocity, the general expression for kinetic energy applies (

text: With the pressure term neglected, energy exists in two forms,

text: potential

text: and

text: kinetic

text: .  Assuming all the fluid particles are moving at the same velocity, the general expression for kinetic energy applies (

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to determine the direction of a wave

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of heat.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Because they are too hot.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the best way to describe kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always rises

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored in a cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a laser

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected by a microscope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential and kinetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: All fluid particles are moving at the same velocity.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fluids with a high temperature

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential and kinetic.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: potential and kinetic.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fluid particles

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy

text: A large amount of air pollution in the world is caused by carbon dioxide emissions from cars. Many of these emissions come from large freight trucks carrying food and other cargo. If installed on a large scale in the UK, Foodtubes would reduce carbon dioxide levels added to the atmosphere by 8%, and save 17 billion liters of diesel per year. According to estimations by the company, in large cities such as Croydon, London, the project would save 90% of fuel and energy. Presently, 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle, and only 8% used to transport the cargo itself. A more efficient system such as Foodtubes would save both energy and money by saving fuel and time spent transporting food in traffic.

text: A large amount of air pollution in the world is caused by carbon dioxide emissions from cars. Many of these emissions come from large freight trucks carrying food and other cargo. If installed on a large scale in the UK, Foodtubes would reduce carbon dioxide levels added to the atmosphere by 8%, and save 17 billion liters of diesel per year. According to estimations by the company, in large cities such as

text: Croydon, London

text: , the project would save 90% of fuel and energy. Presently, 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle, and only 8% used to transport the cargo itself. A more efficient system such as Foodtubes would save both energy and money by saving fuel and time spent transporting food in traffic.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: d).

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, carbon dioxide, or diesel?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause air pollution in the world

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of air pollution?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: foodtubes would save both energy and money

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: foodtubes would save both energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fuel and energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Fuel and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the project would save 90% of fuel and energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transporting food

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon dioxide emissions from cars.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide emissions from cars.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy and money

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 92% of energy for moving freight is used to move the vehicle,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: traffic.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Foodtubes

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide emissions from cars.

text: On Earth, the atmosphere is warmed by absorption of infrared thermal radiation from the underlying surface, absorption of shorter wavelength radiant energy from the sun, and convective heat fluxes from the surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere radiate energy, some of which is directed to the surface and lower atmosphere. The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as the greenhouse effect.

text: On Earth, the atmosphere is warmed by absorption of

text: infrared

text: thermal radiation from the underlying surface, absorption of shorter wavelength

text: radiant energy

text: from the sun, and

text: convective

text: heat fluxes from the surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere radiate energy, some of which is directed to the surface and lower atmosphere. The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb shorter wavelength radiant energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: infrared thermal radiation or convective heat fluxes from the surface?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absorption of shorter wavelength radiant energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: convective heat fluxes

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere radiate energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: On Earth,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convective heat fluxes

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convective heat fluxes

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: On Earth, the atmosphere is warmed

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat fluxes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorption of infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption of infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption of infrared thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: surface.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiate energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: shorter wavelength radiant energy from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere

text: Wind is the movement of air across the surface of the Earth, affected by areas of high pressure and of low pressure. The global wind kinetic energy averaged approximately 1.50 MJ/m over the period from 1979 to 2010, 1.31 MJ/m in the Northern Hemisphere with 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere. The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine, absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures. The process is responsible for production of wind kinetic energy at a rate of 2.46 W/m sustaining thus the circulation of the atmosphere against frictional dissipation. A global 1 km map of wind resources is housed at http://irena.masdar.ac.ae/?map=103 , based on calculations by the Technical University of Denmark.

text: Wind is the movement of air across the surface of the Earth, affected by areas of high pressure and of low pressure. The global wind kinetic energy averaged approximately 1.50 MJ/m over the period from 1979 to 2010, 1.31 MJ/m in the Northern Hemisphere with 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere. The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine, absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures. The process is responsible for production of wind kinetic energy at a rate of 2.46 W/m sustaining thus the circulation of the atmosphere against frictional dissipation. A global 1 km map of wind resources is housed at http://irena.masdar.ac.ae/?map=103 , based on calculations by the

text: Technical University of Denmark

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal engine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the process responsible for production of wind kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind kinetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Absorb heat at higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What does the atmosphere act as a thermal engine?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the atmosphere act as a thermal engine?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: How does the atmosphere act as a thermal engine?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many MJ/m did the global wind kinetic energy averaged over the period from 1979 to 2010?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: MJ/m

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the atmosphere absorb heat at higher temperatures?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the atmosphere act as a thermal engine?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: frictional dissipation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine, absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: areas of high pressure

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: higher temperatures

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal engine,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: absorbing heat at higher temperatures,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: frictional dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorbing heat at higher temperatures,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: frictional dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: MJ/m

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: frictional dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: frictional dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: frictional dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: areas of high pressure and of low pressure.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: higher temperatures,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures.

text: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero, inter-atomic collisions cause the kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules to change. This results in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation, and the wide spectrum of radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature.

text: Thermal radiation is

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: generated by the

text: thermal motion

text: of

text: charged particles

text: in

text: matter

text: . All matter with a

text: temperature

text: greater than

text: absolute zero

text: emits thermal radiation. When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero, inter-atomic collisions cause the

text: kinetic energy

text: of the atoms or molecules to change. This results in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation, and the wide spectrum of radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: atoms or molecules?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dipole oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause kinetic energy of the atoms to change

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why do warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation: thermal motion of charged particles in matter?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: inter-atomic collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: matter emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dipole oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: inter-atomic collisions cause the kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: charge-acceleration

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: inter-atomic collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absolute zero

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Thermal radiation

text: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat, so that the location of the habitable zone is also specific to each type of planet: desert planets (also known as dry planets), with very little water, will have less water vapor in the atmosphere than Earth and so have a reduced greenhouse effect, meaning that a desert planet could maintain oases of water closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun. The lack of water also means there is less ice to reflect heat into space, so the outer edge of desert-planet habitable zones is further out.

text: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat, so that the location of the habitable zone is also specific to each type of planet:

text: desert planet

text: s (also known as dry planets), with very little water, will have less water vapor in the atmosphere than Earth and so have a reduced

text: greenhouse effect

text: , meaning that a desert planet could maintain oases of water closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun. The lack of water also means there is less ice to reflect heat into space, so the outer edge of desert-planet habitable zones is further out.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth is to the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth have a reduced greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of planet?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the location of the habitable zone

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The lack of water

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the outer edge of desert-planet habitable zones is further out.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: desert planets

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the location of the habitable zone

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: a reduced greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: a reduced greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ice to reflect heat into space,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: desert planets

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ice to reflect heat into space,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth and so have a reduced greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: A planet's atmospheric conditions influence its ability to retain heat,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a desert planet could maintain oases of water closer to its star

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ice to reflect heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: reduced greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth and so have a reduced greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric conditions

text: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission was launched in 2010 and is currently studying solar activity and how it causes space weather. Space weather affects not only our lives on Earth, but Earth itself, and everything outside its atmosphere (astronauts and satellites out in space and even the other planets). SDO is helping us understand where the sun's energy comes from, how the inside of the sun works, and how energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere. By better understanding the sun and how it works, we will be able to better predict and better forecast space weather events.

text: NASA’s

text: Solar Dynamics Observatory

text: (SDO) mission was launched in 2010 and is currently studying solar activity and how it causes

text: space weather

text: . Space weather affects not only our lives on Earth, but Earth itself, and everything outside its atmosphere (

text: astronaut

text: s and

text: satellite

text: s out in space and even the other

text: planet

text: s). SDO is helping us understand where the sun's energy comes from, how the inside of the sun works, and how energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere. By better understanding the sun and how it works, we will be able to better predict and better forecast space weather events.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does SDO study?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: d).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause space weather

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of space weather?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of space weather?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: By better understanding the sun and how it works, we will be able to better predict and better forecast space weather events

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy is stored and released

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: released in the sun's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy stored in the sun's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy stored and released

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar activity and space weather

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the inside of the sun works

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar Dynamics Observatory

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: space weather

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar Dynamics Observatory

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: NASA’s

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: space weather. Space weather

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: space weather.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: space weather.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission was launched in 2010

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Solar Dynamics Observatory

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Space weather

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth itself, and everything outside its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Earth itself, and everything outside its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: space weather.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: better predict and better forecast space weather events.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission was launched in 2010

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy is stored and released

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy is stored and released in the sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sun's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellites

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: space weather.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar activity

text: Such fuels are considered carbon-neutral because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases. To the extent that synthetic fuels displace fossil fuels, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in negative carbon dioxide emission and net carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of greenhouse gas remediation.

text: Such fuels are considered

text: carbon-neutral

text: because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es. To the extent that synthetic fuels displace

text: fossil fuel

text: s, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to

text: carbon capture

text: at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in

text: negative carbon dioxide emission

text: and net

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of

text: greenhouse gas remediation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of greenhouse gas remediation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of greenhouse gas remediation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does carbon-neutral mean

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Synthetic fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Such fuels are considered carbon-neutral

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Such fuels are considered carbon-neutral

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gases.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon-neutral

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: carbon or seawater carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: synthetic fuels displace fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon-neutral

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon capture

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: combustion is subject to carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: acid,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: synthetic fuels displace fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon or seawater carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Such fuels are considered carbon-neutral

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: synthetic fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: seawater carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: seawater carbonic acid,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels,

text: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet. This is a common "textbook model": the planet will have a constant surface temperature T and an atmosphere with constant temperature T.  For diagrammatic clarity, a gap can be depicted between the atmosphere and the surface. Alternatively, T could be interpreted as a temperature representative of the surface and the lower atmosphere, and T could be interpreted as the temperature of the upper atmosphere.  In order to justify that T and T remain constant over the planet, strong ocean and atmospheric currents can be imagined to provide plentiful lateral mixing.  Furthermore, any daily or seasonal cycles in temperature are assumed to be insignificant.

text: The

text: greenhouse effect

text: can be illustrated with an idealized planet. This is a common "textbook model": the planet will have a constant surface temperature T and an atmosphere with constant temperature T.  For diagrammatic clarity, a gap can be depicted between the atmosphere and the surface. Alternatively, T could be interpreted as a temperature representative of the surface and the lower atmosphere, and T could be interpreted as the temperature of the upper atmosphere.  In order to justify that T and T remain constant over the planet, strong ocean and atmospheric currents can be imagined to provide plentiful lateral mixing.  Furthermore, any daily or seasonal cycles in temperature are assumed to be insignificant.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: T

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lateral mixing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the temperature of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a common "textbook model"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lateral mixing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: lateral mixing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: seasonal cycles in temperature are assumed to be insignificant

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean and atmospheric currents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: T

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: lateral mixing

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lateral mixing.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: a gap can be depicted between the atmosphere and the surface.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: lateral mixing.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lateral mixing.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lateral mixing.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ocean and atmospheric currents can be imagined to provide plentiful lateral mixing.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The greenhouse effect can be illustrated with an idealized planet.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: daily or seasonal cycles in temperature are assumed to be insignificant.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean and atmospheric currents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ocean and atmospheric currents

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: constant surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: strong ocean and atmospheric currents

text: As plants acquire nearly all their carbon from the atmosphere, greenhouse growers commonly supplement CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere. This increase in CO, which has been shown to increase photosynthesis rates by 50%, contributes to the higher yields expected in vertical farming. It is not uncommon to find greenhouses burning fossil fuels purely for this purpose, as other CO sources, like from furnaces, contain pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and ethylene which significantly damage plants.  This means a vertical farm will require a CO source, most likely from combustion, even if the rest of the farm is powered by "green" energy. Also, through necessary ventilation, much CO will be leaked into the city's atmosphere.

text: As plants acquire nearly all their carbon from the atmosphere, greenhouse growers commonly supplement

text: CO

text: levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere. This increase in CO, which has been shown to increase photosynthesis rates by 50%, contributes to the higher yields expected in vertical farming. It is not uncommon to find greenhouses burning fossil fuels purely for this purpose, as other CO sources, like from furnaces, contain pollutants such as

text: sulphur dioxide

text: and

text: ethylene

text: which significantly damage plants.  This means a vertical farm will require a CO source, most likely from

text: combustion

text: , even if the rest of the farm is powered by "green" energy. Also, through necessary ventilation, much CO will be leaked into the city's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of CO?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of pollutants: sulphur dioxide or ethylene?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ventilation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are what?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase photosynthesis rates by 50%

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How do greenhouse growers supplement CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of CO?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of pollutants: sulphur dioxide and ethylene

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of pollutants: sulphur dioxide, ethylene or CO?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: increased photosynthesis rates by 50%

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis rates by 50%

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How do greenhouse growers supplement CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of CO?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a vertical farm will require a CO source

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: higher yields expected in vertical farming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: combustion,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: combustion,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ventilation,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vertical farming.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CO will be leaked into the city's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photosynthesis rates by 50%,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: combustion,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: photosynthesis rates by 50%,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "green" energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: photosynthesis rates by 50%, contributes to the higher yields

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: combustion,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ethylene

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: CO levels to 3–4 times the rate normally found in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "green"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ventilation, much CO will be leaked into the city's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: vertical farming.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon from the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: plants acquire nearly all their carbon from the atmosphere,

text: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors, leading to the formation of dynamic weather systems such as hurricanes, (on Earth), planet-wide dust storms (on Mars), an Earth-sized anticyclone on Jupiter (called the Great Red Spot), and holes in the atmosphere (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet, HD 189733 b, has been claimed to possess such a weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large.

text: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors, leading to the formation of dynamic

text: weather system

text: s such as

text: hurricane

text: s, (on Earth), planet-wide

text: dust storm

text: s (on Mars), an Earth-sized

text: anticyclone

text: on Jupiter (called the

text: Great Red Spot

text: ), and

text: holes in the atmosphere

text: (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet,

text: HD 189733 b

text: , has been claimed to possess such a weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: waves that are short and very high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: formation of dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy received from either the Sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Sun or their interiors

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth-sized anticyclone on Jupiter

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying degrees of energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mars),

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Sun or their interiors,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors,

text: In 1994 the LAJUB laboratory for greenhouse effect research was installed in collaboration with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IFA), Italy.

text: In 1994 the LAJUB laboratory for

text: greenhouse effect

text: research was installed in collaboration with the

text: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

text: (IFA),

text: Italy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The LAJUB laboratory for greenhouse effect research was installed in collaboration with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the LAJUB laboratory for greenhouse effect research do?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is needed

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cannot be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The LAJUB laboratory for greenhouse effect research was installed in 1994.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: research was installed in collaboration with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Physics

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Institute of Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric Physics

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric Physics

text: It is then that the Spectre explains to Jordan the truth about Parallax, while simultaneously on the Moon, Rayner does so to Queen. Rayner explains that he journeyed to the edge of the universe within Sector 3599, and on the tenth planet from the star Pagallus, the inhabitants told him that Parallax was actually a yellow demonic parasitic entity that was born at the beginning of sentience, feeding on fear, creating terror in anything it came into contact with, and causing entire civilizations to destroy themselves out of paranoia. It was this creature that the Guardians of the Universe imprisoned within the Central Power Battery on Oa, using fear's opposite energy, willpower. Rayner explains that there is an emotional electromagnetic spectrum into which the collective willpower of the universe is collected by the Central Power Battery, and that green willpower is the most pure. Parallax had lain dormant for billions of years, his true nature covered up by the Guardians to prevent anyone from trying to free it, and thus, it had eventually come to be referred to as simply "the yellow impurity". This was the reason why the rings were useless against the color yellow: Parallax weakened its power over the corresponding spectrum, and hence only someone capable of overcoming great fear could master the power ring. The Guardians, therefore, selected only such persons to become Green Lanterns.

text: It is then that the Spectre explains to Jordan the truth about Parallax, while simultaneously on the Moon, Rayner does so to Queen. Rayner explains that he journeyed to the edge of the universe within Sector 3599, and on the tenth planet from the star Pagallus, the inhabitants told him that Parallax was actually a yellow demonic parasitic entity that was born at the beginning of sentience, feeding on fear, creating terror in anything it came into contact with, and causing entire civilizations to destroy themselves out of paranoia. It was this creature that the Guardians of the Universe imprisoned within the Central Power Battery on Oa, using fear's opposite energy, willpower. Rayner explains that there is an emotional

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: into which the collective willpower of the universe is collected by the Central Power Battery, and that green willpower is the most pure. Parallax had lain dormant for billions of years, his true nature covered up by the Guardians to prevent anyone from trying to free it, and thus, it had eventually come to be referred to as simply "the yellow impurity". This was the reason why the rings were useless against the color yellow: Parallax weakened its power over the corresponding spectrum, and hence only someone capable of overcoming great fear could master the power ring. The Guardians, therefore, selected only such persons to become Green Lanterns.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does Parallax feed on?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the collective willpower of the universe?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: create terror in anything it came into contact with

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true of Parallax?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the Central Power Battery?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: willpower

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the Central Power Battery contain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: willpower and fear

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fear's opposite energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sector 3599?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Green Lanterns

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Parallax

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Parallax

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fear,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fear,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: emotional

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: star Pagallus,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "the yellow impurity".

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: emotional electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: green

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: causing entire civilizations to destroy themselves out of paranoia.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: yellow:

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: fear's opposite energy, willpower.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: tenth planet from the star Pagallus,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 3599,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: tenth planet from the star Pagallus,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: fear's opposite energy, willpower.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: overcoming great fear

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 3599,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: willpower.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: tenth planet from the star Pagallus,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: emotional electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fear,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: yellow:

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: willpower.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fear's

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sector 3599,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: causing entire civilizations to destroy themselves out of paranoia.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fear,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fear,

text: The mass of the Sun has decreased since the time it formed. This has occurred through two processes in nearly equal amounts. First, in the Sun's core, hydrogen is converted into helium through nuclear fusion, in particular the p–p chain, and this reaction converts some mass into energy in the form of gamma ray photons. Most of this energy eventually radiates away from the Sun. Second, high-energy protons and electrons in the atmosphere of the Sun are ejected directly into outer space as a solar wind.

text: The mass of the Sun has decreased since the time it formed. This has occurred through two processes in nearly equal amounts. First, in the

text: Sun's core

text: , hydrogen is converted into helium through

text: nuclear fusion

text: , in particular the

text: p–p chain

text: , and this reaction converts some mass into energy in the form of

text: gamma ray

text: photons. Most of this energy eventually

text: radiates away

text: from the Sun. Second, high-energy protons and electrons in the atmosphere of the Sun are ejected directly into outer space as a

text: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy in the form of gamma ray photons?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Radiate away from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy: burning wood, nuclear fusion, or solar wind?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma ray

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: emitted directly into outer space as a solar wind

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sun's core

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: in the Sun's core

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: p–p chain,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Most of this energy eventually radiates away from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high-energy protons and electrons

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ejected directly into outer space

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The mass of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma ray

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: p–p chain,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma ray photons.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiates away from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar wind.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy eventually radiates away from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar wind.

text: Earth's magnetosphere is shaped by the impact of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetic field. This forms an obstacle to the flow, diverting it, at an average distance of about 70,000 km (11 Earth radii or Re), producing a bow shock 12,000 km to 15,000 km (1.9 to 2.4 Re) further upstream. The width of the magnetosphere abreast of Earth, is typically 190,000 km (30 Re), and on the night side a long "magnetotail" of stretched field lines extends to great distances (> 200 Re).The high latitude magnetosphere is filled with plasma as the solar wind passes the Earth. The flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increases with additional turbulence, density and speed in the solar wind. This flow is favoured by a southward component of the IMF, which can then directly connect to the high latitude geomagnetic field lines. The flow pattern of magnetospheric plasma is mainly from the magnetotail toward the Earth, around the Earth and back into the solar wind through the magnetopause on the day-side. In addition to moving perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field, some magnetospheric plasma travels down along the Earth's magnetic field lines, gains additional energy and loses it to the atmosphere in the auroral zones. The cusps of the magnetosphere, separating geomagnetic field lines that close through the Earth from those that close remotely allow a small amount of solar wind to directly reach the top of the atmosphere, producing an auroral glow.On 26 February 2008, THEMIS probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of magnetospheric substorms. Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the moon, measured events suggesting a magnetic reconnection event 96 seconds prior to auroral intensification.

text: Earth's

text: magnetosphere

text: is shaped by the impact of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetic field. This forms an obstacle to the flow, diverting it, at an average distance of about 70,000 km (11 Earth radii or Re), producing a

text: bow shock

text: 12,000 km to 15,000 km (1.9 to 2.4 Re) further upstream. The width of the magnetosphere abreast of Earth, is typically 190,000 km (30 Re), and on the night side a long "magnetotail" of stretched field lines extends to great distances (> 200 Re).The high latitude magnetosphere is filled with plasma as the solar wind passes the Earth. The flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increases with additional turbulence, density and speed in the solar wind. This flow is favoured by a southward component of the IMF, which can then directly connect to the high latitude geomagnetic field lines. The flow pattern of magnetospheric plasma is mainly from the magnetotail toward the Earth, around the Earth and back into the solar wind through the

text: magnetopause

text: on the day-side. In addition to moving perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field, some magnetospheric plasma travels down along the Earth's magnetic field lines, gains additional energy and loses it to the atmosphere in the auroral zones. The cusps of the magnetosphere, separating geomagnetic field lines that close through the Earth from those that close remotely allow a small amount of solar wind to directly reach the top of the atmosphere, producing an auroral glow.On 26 February 2008,

text: THEMIS

text: probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of

text: magnetospheric substorm

text: s. Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the moon, measured events suggesting a

text: magnetic reconnection

text: event 96 seconds prior to auroral intensification.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: plasma or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: What kind of waves are auroral?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce an auroral glow

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does the flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increase?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: plasma, magnetospheric plasma, or the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The cusps of the magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a solar wind?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetospheric plasma

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: auroral glow

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: auroral glow

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the cusps of the magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar wind

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the flow of plasma into the magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 26 February 2008,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: a small amount of solar wind to directly reach the top of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: magnetospheric plasma

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: THEMIS

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a small amount of solar wind to directly reach the top of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: loses it to the atmosphere in the auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gains additional energy and loses it to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: auroral glow.On

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: opause on the day-side.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetospheric plasma

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: auroral zones.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: magnetopause on the day-side.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: auroral zones.

text: The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially () is called synchrotron radiation. It is produced, for example, in synchrotrons using bending magnets, undulators and/or wigglers. It is similar to cyclotron radiation except that synchrotron radiation is generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic charged particles through magnetic fields. Synchrotron radiation may be achieved artificially in synchrotrons or storage rings, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic polarization and the frequencies generated can range over the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

text: The

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially () is called synchrotron radiation. It is produced, for example, in

text: synchrotron

text: s using bending magnets,

text: undulator

text: s and/or

text: wiggler

text: s. It is similar to

text: cyclotron radiation

text: except that synchrotron radiation is generated by the acceleration of

text: ultrarelativistic

text: charged particles through magnetic fields. Synchrotron radiation may be achieved artificially in synchrotrons or

text: storage ring

text: s, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic

text: polarization

text: and the frequencies generated can range over the entire

text: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Synchrotron radiation is generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic charged particles through magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: synchrotrons using bending magnets, undulators and/or wigglers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cyclotron

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: synchrotron

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Synchrotrons

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: accelerating charged particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cyclotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: magnetic fields.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: undulators

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cyclotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: cyclotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cyclotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: bending magnets, undulators and/or wigglers.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: synchrotron radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: charged particles are accelerated radially

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: charged particles are accelerated radially

text: In April 2007, a team headed by Stéphane Udry based in Switzerland announced the discovery of two new super-Earths around Gliese 581, both on the edge of the habitable zone around the star where liquid water may be possible on the surface. With Gliese 581 c having a mass of at least 5 Earth masses and a distance from Gliese 581 of 0.073 astronomical units  (AU; 6.8 million mi, 11 million km), it is on the "warm" edge of the habitable zone around Gliese 581 with an estimated mean temperature (without taking into consideration effects from an atmosphere) of −3 degrees Celsius with an albedo comparable to Venus and 40 degrees Celsius with an albedo comparable to Earth. Subsequent research suggested Gliese 581 c had likely suffered a runaway greenhouse effect like Venus.

text: In April 2007, a team headed by

text: Stéphane Udry

text: based in

text: Switzerland

text: announced the discovery of two new super-Earths around

text: Gliese 581

text: , both on the edge of the

text: habitable zone

text: around the star where liquid water may be possible on the surface. With

text: Gliese 581 c

text: having a mass of at least 5 Earth masses and a distance from Gliese 581 of 0.073

text: astronomical unit

text: s  (AU; 6.8 million mi, 11 million km), it is on the "warm" edge of the habitable zone around Gliese 581 with an estimated mean temperature (without taking into consideration effects from an atmosphere) of −3 degrees Celsius with an

text: albedo

text: comparable to

text: Venus

text: and 40 degrees Celsius with an albedo comparable to Earth. Subsequent research suggested Gliese 581 c had likely suffered a

text: runaway greenhouse effect

text: like Venus.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Gliese 581 c having a mass of at least 5 Earth masses and a distance from Gliese 581 of 0.073 astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway greenhouse effect like Venus

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: runaway greenhouse effect like Venus

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is a runaway greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of Gliese 581 c?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: habitable zone around the star

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: albedo

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: AU

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Gliese 581 c having a mass of at least 5 Earth masses

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a runaway greenhouse effect like Venus

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: AU

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: like Venus

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 3 degrees Celsius with an albedo comparable to Venus

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 0.073 astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 0.073 astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: <unk>3 degrees Celsius with an albedo comparable to Venus

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 5 Earth masses

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: liquid water may be possible on the surface.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 0.073 astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 0.073 astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: 5 Earth masses

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "warm"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: astronomical units

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere)

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Venus.

text: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010, contains a scenario that is based on the voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord.In the IEA scenario, it is assumed that these pledges are acted on cautiously, reflecting their non-binding nature. In the scenario, GHG emission trends follow a path that is consistent with a stabilization of GHGs at 650 parts per million (ppm) CO-equivalent in the atmosphere. In the long-term, a 650 ppm concentration could lead to global warming of 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

text: The

text: International Energy Agency

text: (IEA) publication,

text: World Energy Outlook

text: 2010, contains a

text: scenario

text: that is based on the voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord.In the IEA scenario, it is assumed that these pledges are acted on cautiously, reflecting their non-binding nature. In the scenario, GHG emission trends follow a path that is consistent with a stabilization of GHGs at 650

text: parts per million

text: (ppm)

text: CO-equivalent

text: in the atmosphere. In the long-term, a 650 ppm concentration could lead to global warming of 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: GHG

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the non-binding nature of these pledges?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: short-wavelength

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: Warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: GHG emission trends

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the non-binding nature of the pledges?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: In the IEA scenario, it is assumed that these pledges are acted on cautiously, reflecting their non-binding nature.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 650 ppm

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO-equivalent

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: GHG

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to global warming?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: GHG

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: GHG

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming of 3.5 °C

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: pre-industrial

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GHG emission

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: GHG emission

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord.In

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord.In

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: voluntary pledges made in the Copenhagen Accord.In

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 650 parts per million (ppm) CO-equivalent

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 650 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The International Energy Agency (IEA) publication, World Energy Outlook 2010,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: GHG emission

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 3.5 °C above the pre-industrial global average temperature level.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GHG emission

text: If an electron of the special pair in the reaction center becomes excited, it cannot transfer this energy to another pigment using resonance energy transfer. In normal circumstances, the electron should return to the ground state, but, because the reaction center is arranged so that a suitable electron acceptor is nearby, the excited electron can move from the initial molecule to the acceptor. This process results in the formation of a positive charge on the special pair (due to the loss of an electron) and a negative charge on the acceptor and is, hence, referred to as photoinduced charge separation. In other words, electrons in pigment molecules can exist at specific energy levels. Under normal circumstances, they exist at the lowest possible energy level they can. However, if there is enough energy to move them into the next energy level, they can absorb that energy and occupy that higher energy level. The light they absorb contains the necessary amount of energy needed to push them into the next level. Any light that does not have enough or has too much energy cannot be absorbed and is reflected. The electron in the higher energy level, however, does not want to be there; the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level. To do this, it must release the energy that has put it into the higher energy state to begin with. This can happen various ways. The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat. Some of the extra energy can be lost as heat energy, while the rest is lost as light. This re-emission of light energy is called fluorescence. The energy, but not the e- itself, can be passed onto another molecule. This is called resonance. The energy and the e- can be transferred to another molecule. Plant pigments usually utilize the last two of these reactions to convert the sun's energy into their own.

text: If an

text: electron

text: of the special pair in the reaction center becomes excited, it cannot transfer this energy to another pigment using

text: resonance energy transfer

text: . In normal circumstances, the electron should return to the ground state, but, because the reaction center is arranged so that a suitable electron acceptor is nearby, the excited electron can move from the initial molecule to the acceptor. This process results in the formation of a positive charge on the special pair (due to the loss of an electron) and a negative charge on the acceptor and is, hence, referred to as

text: photoinduced charge separation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: resonance

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Plant pigments

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: reflected

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What is infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light that does not have enough or has too much energy cannot be absorbed and is reflected

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a molecule?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: resonance

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: resonance

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: resonance energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Any light that does not have enough or has too much energy cannot be absorbed and is reflected

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Plant pigments

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Plant pigments usually utilize the last two of these reactions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Plant pigments

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: e- itself,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: resonance.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecule.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the electron

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fluorescence.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: the electron

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: e- itself,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: e- itself,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflected.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: e- itself,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: e- itself,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Plant pigments

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: molecule.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: e- itself, can be passed onto another molecule.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: resonance.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the electron

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: resonance.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fluorescence.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: resonance.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fluorescence.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: it cannot transfer this energy to another pigment

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: molecule.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level.

text: Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere, and serves as a convective system for redistributing heat. Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the polar regions much colder.

text: Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the

text: lower part of the atmosphere

text: , and serves as a convective system for redistributing heat.

text: Ocean current

text: s are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater

text: thermohaline circulation

text: which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the

text: polar region

text: s much colder.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat energy: ocean currents or atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat energy: ocean currents or polar regions?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the oceans

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in determining climate?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: without the redistributions of heat energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not an important factor in determining climate?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does heat energy contain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: distributes heat energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an important factor in determining climate?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: lower part of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ocean currents and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ocean currents and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermohaline

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the tropics would be much hotter,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Terrestrial weather

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the tropics would be much hotter,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a convective system for redistributing heat.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: distributes heat energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Terrestrial weather

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convective

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Terrestrial weather

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: tropics would be much hotter,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: lower part of the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the tropics would be much hotter,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: equatorial oceans

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: redistributing heat.

text: Gravitational collapse is not the only process that could create black holes. In principle, black holes could be formed in high-energy collisions that achieve sufficient density. As of 2002, no such events have been detected, either directly or indirectly as a deficiency of the mass balance in particle accelerator experiments. This suggests that there must be a lower limit for the mass of black holes. Theoretically, this boundary is expected to lie around the Planck mass (m =  ≈  ≈ ), where quantum effects are expected to invalidate the predictions of general relativity. This would put the creation of black holes firmly out of reach of any high-energy process occurring on or near the Earth. However, certain developments in quantum gravity suggest that the Planck mass could be much lower: some braneworld scenarios for example put the boundary as low as . This would make it conceivable for micro black holes to be created in the high-energy collisions that occur when cosmic rays hit the Earth's atmosphere, or possibly in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. These theories are very speculative, and the creation of black holes in these processes is deemed unlikely by many specialists. Even if micro black holes could be formed, it is expected that they would evaporate in about 10 seconds, posing no threat to the Earth.

text: Gravitational collapse is not the only process that could create black holes. In principle, black holes could be formed in

text: high-energy

text: collisions that achieve sufficient density. As of 2002, no such events have been detected, either directly or indirectly as a deficiency of the mass balance in

text: particle accelerator

text: experiments. This suggests that there must be a lower limit for the mass of black holes. Theoretically, this boundary is expected to lie around the

text: Planck mass

text: (m =  ≈  ≈ ), where quantum effects are expected to invalidate the predictions of general relativity. This would put the creation of black holes firmly out of reach of any high-energy process occurring on or near the Earth. However, certain developments in quantum gravity suggest that the Planck mass could be much lower: some

text: braneworld

text: scenarios for example put the boundary as low as . This would make it conceivable for

text: micro black hole

text: s to be created in the high-energy collisions that occur when

text: cosmic ray

text: s hit the Earth's atmosphere, or possibly in the

text: Large Hadron Collider

text: at

text: CERN

text: . These theories are very speculative, and the creation of black holes in these processes is deemed unlikely by many specialists. Even if micro black holes could be formed, it is expected that they would

text: evaporate

text: in about 10 seconds, posing no threat to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the Planck mass refer to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: black holes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What would put the creation of black holes firmly out of reach

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This would put the creation of black holes firmly out of reach

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Planck mass could be much lower

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Black holes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational collapse

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Gravitational collapse

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: density.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Gravitational collapse

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Gravitational collapse

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic rays hit the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: black holes could be formed in high-energy collisions that achieve sufficient density.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Gravitational collapse is not the only process that could create black holes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: black holes

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: high-energy collisions that achieve sufficient density.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Gravitational collapse is not the only process that could create black holes.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: micro black holes

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: black holes could be formed in high-energy collisions that achieve sufficient density.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cosmic rays hit the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Gravitational collapse

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: quantum effects are expected to invalidate the predictions of general relativity.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cosmic rays hit the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: black holes.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: black holes.

text: Thermal radiation is a byproduct of the collisions arising from various vibrational motions of atoms. These collisions cause the electrons of the atoms to emit thermal photons (known as black-body radiation). Photons are emitted anytime an electric charge is accelerated (as happens when electron clouds of two atoms collide). Even individual molecules with internal temperatures greater than absolute zero also emit black-body radiation from their atoms. In any bulk quantity of a substance at equilibrium, black-body photons are emitted across a range of wavelengths in a spectrum that has a bell curve-like shape called a Planck curve (see graph in Fig. 5 at right). The top of a Planck curve (the peak emittance wavelength) is located in a particular part of the electromagnetic spectrum depending on the temperature of the black-body. Substances at extreme cryogenic temperatures emit at long radio wavelengths whereas extremely hot temperatures produce short gamma rays (see Table of common temperatures).

text: Thermal radiation

text: is a byproduct of the collisions arising from various vibrational motions of atoms. These collisions cause the electrons of the atoms to emit thermal

text: photon

text: s (known as

text: black-body

text: radiation). Photons are emitted anytime an electric charge is accelerated (as happens when electron clouds of two atoms collide). Even individual molecules with internal temperatures greater than absolute zero also emit black-body radiation from their atoms. In any bulk quantity of a substance at equilibrium, black-body photons are emitted across a range of

text: wavelength

text: s in a spectrum that has a bell curve-like shape called a

text: Planck curve

text: (see graph in Fig. 5 at right). The top of a Planck curve (

text: the peak emittance wavelength

text: ) is located in a particular part of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: depending on the temperature of the black-body. Substances at extreme

text: cryogenic

text: temperatures emit at long radio wavelengths whereas extremely hot temperatures produce short

text: gamma ray

text: s (see

text: Table of common temperatures

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Planck curve

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which is not the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The top of the Planck curve (the peak emittance wavelength)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why do gamma rays not penetrate Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: black-body photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photons are emitted anytime an electric charge is accelerated

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Planck curve

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Black-body radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atoms collide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: black-body photons

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atoms.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Planck curve

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Planck curve

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: extremely hot temperatures produce short gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: vibrational motions of atoms.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric charge is accelerated

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: absolute zero

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atoms.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collisions arising from various vibrational motions of atoms.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: molecules with internal temperatures greater than absolute zero

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Thermal radiation

text: Spoiled (stylized as spOILed) is a 2011 documentary film about energy myths, environmental issues with energy, the problems with alternative energy, and the global warming controversy associated with energy. Spoiled also discusses wind energy, solar energy, fossil fuels, green energy, alternative energy, and sustainable energy as a part of its renewable energy documentary scope.

text: Spoiled (stylized as spOILed) is a 2011 documentary film about energy

text: myths

entity_name: Environmental impact of the energy industry

text: environmental issues with energy

text: , the problems with

text: alternative energy

text: , and the

text: global warming controversy

text: associated with energy. Spoiled also discusses

text: wind energy

text: solar energy

text: fossil fuels

text: green energy

text: alternative energy

text: , and

text: sustainable energy

text: as a part of its

text: renewable energy

text: documentary scope.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a myth: energy can travel only through matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Spoiled talk about?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Spoiled

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Spoiled

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy myth?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is one of the myths discussed in Spoiled?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does Spoiled talk about?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, green, or alternative energy?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the problems with alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy myths,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Spoiled

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: fossil fuels, green energy, alternative energy, and sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy myths, environmental issues with energy, the problems with alternative energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: energy. Spoiled also discusses wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind energy, solar energy, fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy myths,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wind energy, solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy.

text: Depending on the size, type, and application of the flashtube, gas fill pressures may range from a few kilopascals to hundreds of kilopascals (0.01–4.0 atmospheres or tens to thousands of torr). Generally, the higher the pressure, the greater the output efficiency. Xenon is used mostly because of its good efficiency, converting nearly 50% of electrical energy into light. Krypton, on the other hand, is only about 40% efficient, but at low currents is a better match to the absorption spectrum of Nd:YAG lasers. A major factor affecting efficiency is the amount of gas behind the electrodes, or the "dead volume". A higher dead volume leads to a lower pressure increase during operation.

text: Depending on the size, type, and application of the flashtube, gas fill pressures may range from a few

text: kilopascal

text: s to hundreds of kilopascals (0.01–4.0

text: atmospheres

text: or tens to thousands of

text: torr

text: ). Generally, the higher the pressure, the greater the output efficiency. Xenon is used mostly because of its good efficiency, converting nearly 50% of electrical energy into light. Krypton, on the other hand, is only about 40% efficient, but at low currents is a better match to the absorption spectrum of

text: Nd:YAG laser

text: s. A major factor affecting efficiency is the amount of gas behind the electrodes, or the "dead volume". A higher dead volume leads to a lower pressure increase during operation.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is Xenon used mostly because of?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the absorption spectrum of Nd:YAG lasers?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: torr

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Xenon is used mostly because of its good efficiency

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 0.01–4.0 atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of gas: Xenon, Krypton, or YAG?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: converting nearly 50% of electrical energy into light

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release: burning wood or converting electrical energy into light?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: higher dead volume leads to a lower pressure increase during operation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gas fill pressures

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gas fill pressure

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: higher dead volume leads to a lower pressure increase during operation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Depending on the size, type, and application of the flashtube,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "dead volume".

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Nd:YAG lasers.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: tens to thousands of torr).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: (0.01–4.0 atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Generally, the higher the pressure, the greater the output efficiency.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: tens to thousands of torr).

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kilopascals

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: a few kilopascals

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Generally, the higher the pressure, the greater the output efficiency.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: a few kilopascals

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy into light.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: tens to thousands of torr).

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Xenon

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: converting nearly 50% of electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 50% of electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: flashtube,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: flashtube,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: A higher dead volume leads to a lower pressure increase during operation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 50% of electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "dead volume".

text: The amount of heat delivered by a solar water heating system depends primarily on the amount of heat delivered by the sun at a particular place (the insolation). In tropical places the insolation can be relatively high, e.g. 7 kW.h/m2 per day, whereas the insolation can be much lower in temperate areas where the days are shorter in winter, e.g. 3.2 kW.h/m2 per day. Even at the same latitude the average insolation can vary a great deal from location to location due to differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast. Useful calculators for estimating insolation at a site can be found with the Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

text: The amount of heat delivered by a solar water heating system depends primarily on the amount of heat delivered by the sun at a particular place (the

text: insolation

text: ). In tropical places the insolation can be relatively high, e.g. 7 kW.h/m2 per day, whereas the insolation can be much lower in

text: temperate

text: areas where the days are shorter in winter, e.g. 3.2 kW.h/m2 per day. Even at the same latitude the average insolation can vary a great deal from location to location due to differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast. Useful calculators for estimating

text: insolation

text: at a site can be found with the Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: overcast

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: insolation can be much lower in temperate areas where the days are shorter in winter

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can vary a great deal from location to location due to differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy does the sun deliver?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar water heating systems

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: insolation can be much lower in temperate areas where the days are shorter in winter

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical places

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: local weather patterns and the amount of overcast

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The amount of heat delivered by a solar water heating system

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (the insolation).

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: overcast.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar water heating system

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 7 kW.h/m2 per day,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 7 kW.h/m2 per day,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 3.2 kW.h/m2 per day.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (the insolation).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: solar water heating system

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat delivered by a solar water heating system

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: (the insolation).

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Joint Research Laboratory of the European Commission and the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 7 kW.h/m2 per day,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: overcast.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: differences in local weather patterns and the amount of overcast.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: (the insolation).

text: Professor Crutzen has proposed a method of artificially cooling the global climate by releasing particles of sulphur in the upper atmosphere, along with other particles at lower atmospheric levels, which would reflect sunlight and heat back into space. The controversial proposal is being taken seriously by scientists, because Professor Crutzen has a proven track record in atmospheric research. If this artificial cooling method actually were to work, then we would be able to help reverse some of the effects of the emissions caused by the burning of fossil fuels, buying us time to find a permanent energy replacement.  This could be crucial in helping maintain the planet's integrity and livability.

text: Professor Crutzen has proposed a method of artificially cooling the global climate by releasing particles of

text: sulphur

text: in the upper atmosphere, along with other particles at lower atmospheric levels, which would reflect sunlight and heat back into space. The controversial proposal is being taken seriously by scientists, because Professor Crutzen has a proven track record in atmospheric research. If this artificial cooling method actually were to work, then we would be able to help reverse some of the effects of the emissions caused by the burning of fossil fuels, buying us time to find a permanent energy replacement.  This could be crucial in helping maintain the planet's integrity and livability.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the planet

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is Professor Crutzen proposing?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does Professor Crutzen propose?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: If this artificial cooling method actually were to work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does Professor Crutzen propose artificially cooling the global climate?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Upper Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Professor Crutzen

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: reflect sunlight and heat back into space.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: sunlight and heat back into space.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat back into space.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sunlight and heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: permanent energy replacement.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: buying us time to find a permanent energy replacement.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: sulphur

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: permanent energy replacement.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: burning of fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflect sunlight and heat back into space.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sunlight and heat back into space.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sulphur

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: permanent energy replacement.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: burning of fossil fuels,

text: Remote sensing depends on the interaction of a source of energy with a target, and energy measured from the target. In the "Remote Sensing" diagram, Source 1a is an independent natural source such as the Sun.  Source 1b is a source, perhaps manmade, that illuminates the target, such as a searchlight or ground radar transmitter. Source 1c is a natural source, such as the heat of the Earth, with which the Target interferes.

text: Remote sensing depends on the interaction of a source of energy with a target, and energy measured from the target. In the "Remote Sensing" diagram, Source 1a is an independent natural source such as the Sun.  Source 1b is a source, perhaps manmade, that illuminates the target, such as a searchlight or ground radar transmitter. Source 1c is a natural source, such as the heat of the Earth, with which the Target interferes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: Source 1a, Source 1b, or Source 1c?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a natural source?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Source 1b

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Source 1b

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Source 1a be a natural source

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a natural source, such as the heat of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a natural source, such as the heat of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be measured from the target

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy measured from the target

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy measured from the target

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a natural source?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radar

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Source 1b

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: searchlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the heat of the Earth, with which the Target interferes.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radar transmitter.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: a searchlight or ground radar transmitter.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Source 1b

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: manmade, that illuminates the target,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy measured from the target.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy measured from the target.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy measured from the target.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Source 1c

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radar

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Source 1a

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: searchlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: searchlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy measured from the target.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heat of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: manmade,

text: The chemical energy as defined above is also referred to by chemists as the internal energy, U: technically, this is measured by keeping the volume of the system constant. Most practical chemistry is performed at constant pressure and, if the volume changes during the reaction (e.g. a gas is given off), a correction must be applied to take account of the work done by or on the atmosphere to obtain the enthalpy, H, this correction is the work done by an expanding gas,

text: The chemical energy as defined above is also referred to by

text: chemists

text: as the

text: internal energy

text: , U: technically, this is measured by keeping the

text: volume

text: of the system constant. Most practical chemistry is performed at constant pressure and, if the volume changes during the reaction (e.g. a gas is given off), a correction must be applied to take account of the work done by or on the atmosphere to obtain the

text: enthalpy

text: , H, this correction is the work done by an expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: external energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: enthalpy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: enthalpy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of reaction?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy, enthalpy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the work done by an expanding gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: expanding gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in internal energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the work of an expanding gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: work done by or on the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: work done by or on the atmosphere to obtain the enthalpy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: enthalpy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: expanding gas,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: expanding gas,

text: A transmissometer is an instrument for measuring the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere, and for the determination of visual range.  It operates by sending a narrow, collimated beam of energy (usually a laser) through the propagation medium. A narrow field of view receiver at the designated measurement distance determines how much energy is arriving at the detector, and determines the path transmission and/or extinction coefficient. Atmospheric extinction is wavelength dependent phenomenon, but the most common wavelength in use for transmissometers is 550 nm, which is in the middle of the visible waveband, and allows a good approximation of visual range.

text: A transmissometer is an instrument for measuring the

text: extinction coefficient

text: of the

text: atmosphere

text: , and for the determination of

text: visual range

text: .  It operates by sending a narrow,

text: collimated

text: beam of energy (usually a

text: laser

text: ) through the propagation medium. A narrow

text: field of view

text: receiver at the designated measurement distance determines how much energy is arriving at the

text: detector

text: , and determines the path

text: transmission

text: and/or extinction coefficient. Atmospheric extinction is

text: wavelength

text: dependent phenomenon, but the most common wavelength in use for transmissometers is 550

text: nm

text: , which is in the middle of the visible waveband, and allows a good approximation of visual range.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a propagation medium?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the most common wavelength used for transmissometers

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 550 nm

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the most common wavelength in use for transmissometers?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 550 nm

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does a transmissometer operate?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most common wavelength in use for transmissometers?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: collimated beam

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: propagation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: laser

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: collimated beam of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: propagation medium

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: transmissometer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: extinction coefficient. Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: propagation medium.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible waveband,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible waveband,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible waveband,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 550 nm,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: sending a narrow, collimated beam of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A transmissometer is an instrument for measuring the extinction coefficient

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: collimated beam of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: laser) through the propagation medium.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: propagation medium.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 550 nm, which is in the middle of the visible waveband,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A transmissometer

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy (usually a laser) through the propagation medium.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 550 nm, which is in the middle of the visible waveband,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: a laser)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: wavelength dependent phenomenon,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: propagation medium.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric extinction

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric extinction

text: A study conducted in 2013 concluded that hot desert planets without runaway greenhouse effect can exist in 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars. In that study, it was concluded that a minimum humidity of 1% is needed to wash off carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but too much water can act as a greenhouse gas itself. Higher atmospheric pressures increase the range in which the water can remain liquid.

text: A study conducted in 2013 concluded that hot desert planets without runaway greenhouse effect can exist in 0.5

text: AU

text: around Sun-like stars. In that study, it was concluded that a minimum humidity of 1% is needed to wash off carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but too much water can act as a greenhouse gas itself. Higher atmospheric pressures increase the range in which the water can remain liquid.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: runaway

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse effect: runaway greenhouse effect or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen as ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a minimum humidity of 1% is needed

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: higher atmospheric pressures

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun-like stars

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hot desert planets without runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Higher atmospheric pressures

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 1% is needed to wash off carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: too much water can act as a greenhouse gas itself.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect can exist in 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: too much water can act as a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 0.5 AU around Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Sun-like stars.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hot desert planets without runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Higher atmospheric pressures

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: stars.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hot desert planets without runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: too much water

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: too much water

text: The "greenhouse effect" of the atmosphere is named by analogy to greenhouses which become warmer in sunlight. The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature in an actual greenhouse is that incident solar radiation in the visible, long-wavelength ultraviolet and short-wavelength infrared range of the spectrum passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation, so the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer. As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also cannot escape via convection, so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. The greenhouse effect, due to infrared-opaque "greenhouse gases" including carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects Earth as a whole; there is no convective cooling because no significant amount of air escapes from Earth.

text: The "greenhouse effect" of the atmosphere is named by analogy to

text: greenhouse

text: s which become warmer in sunlight. The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature in an actual greenhouse is that incident

text: solar radiation

text: in the visible, long-wavelength

text: ultraviolet

text: and short-wavelength

text: infrared

text: range of the spectrum passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation, so the infrared cannot escape via

text: radiative transfer

text: . As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also cannot escape via

text: convection

text: , so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. The greenhouse effect, due to infrared-opaque "

text: greenhouse gases

text: " including carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects Earth as a whole; there is no convective cooling because no significant amount of air escapes from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a material used for greenhouse walls?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: pass through the glass roof and walls

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: no significant amount of air escapes from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: long-wavelength ultraviolet and short-wavelength infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: long-wavelength ultraviolet and short-wavelength infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longer-wavelength infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: passes through the glass roof and walls

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warmer and re-emit the energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wavelength infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: convective cooling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "greenhouse effect"

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared-opaque

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared-opaque "greenhouse gases"

text: At an estimated age of a half billion years, 24 Aquilae is a giant star with a stellar classification of K0 IIIa. It has more than double the mass of the Sun and shines with 63 times the Sun's luminosity. It is radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,810 K. This heat is what gives it the cool orange hue characteristic of a K-type star.

text: At an estimated age of a half billion years, 24 Aquilae is a

text: giant star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of K0 IIIa. It has more than double the mass of the Sun and shines with 63 times the Sun's luminosity. It is radiating this energy into space from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 4,810 K. This heat is what gives it the cool orange hue characteristic of a

text: K-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: 24 Aquilae or the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 24 Aquilae is a giant star

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: K-type stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What does the orange hue characteristic of a K-type star mean?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the star to have an orange hue

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It is radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe 24 Aquilae?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of 24 Aquilae?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: K0 IIIa, 24 Aquilae, or Sun?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the star radiate?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: orange hue or deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 24 Aquilae has more than double the mass of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: galaxies

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 24 Aquilae's color

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 24 Aquilae emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: 24 Aquilae radiating

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 24 Aquilae is a giant star

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: K0 IIIa.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: giant star

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: orange hue characteristic of a K-type star.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 63 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a half billion years,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating this energy into space from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cool orange hue

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: outer atmosphere

text: There are many sources of light. The most common light sources are thermal: a body at a given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum of black-body radiation. A simple thermal source is sunlight, the radiation emitted by the chromosphere of the Sun at around   peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum when plotted in wavelength units and roughly 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible. Another example is incandescent light bulbs, which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the remainder as infrared. A common thermal light source in history is the glowing solid particles in flames, but these also emit most of their radiation in the infrared, and only a fraction in the visible spectrum. The peak of the blackbody spectrum is in the deep infrared, at about 10 micrometre wavelength, for relatively cool objects like human beings. As the temperature increases, the peak shifts to shorter wavelengths, producing first a red glow, then a white one, and finally a blue-white colour as the peak moves out of the visible part of the spectrum and into the ultraviolet. These colours can be seen when metal is heated to "red hot" or "white hot". Blue-white thermal emission is not often seen, except in stars (the commonly seen pure-blue colour in a gas flame or a welder's torch is in fact due to molecular emission, notably by CH radicals (emitting a wavelength band around 425 nm, and is not seen in stars or pure thermal radiation).

text: There are many sources of light. The most common light sources are thermal: a body at a given

text: temperature

text: emits a characteristic spectrum of

text: black-body

text: radiation. A simple thermal source is

text: sunlight

text: , the radiation emitted by the

text: chromosphere

text: of the

text: Sun

text: at around   peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum when plotted in wavelength units and roughly 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible. Another example is

text: incandescent light bulb

text: s, which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the remainder as infrared. A common thermal light source in history is the glowing solid particles in

text: flames

text: , but these also emit most of their radiation in the infrared, and only a fraction in the visible spectrum. The peak of the blackbody spectrum is in the deep infrared, at about 10

text: micrometre

text: wavelength, for relatively cool objects like human beings. As the temperature increases, the peak shifts to shorter wavelengths, producing first a red glow, then a white one, and finally a blue-white colour as the peak moves out of the visible part of the spectrum and into the ultraviolet. These colours can be seen when metal is

text: heat

text: ed to "red hot" or "white hot". Blue-white

text: thermal emission

text: is not often seen, except in stars (the commonly seen pure-blue colour in a

text: gas

text: flame or a

text: welder's

text: torch is in fact due to molecular emission, notably by CH radicals (emitting a wavelength band around 425 nm, and is not seen in stars or pure thermal radiation).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of light?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum does sunlight belong to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 44%

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted by the chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a thermal source?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most common light source in history?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not often seen, except in stars

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelength

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of light?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal emission

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Incandescent light bulbs

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: incandescent light bulbs, which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the radiation emitted by the chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: glowing solid particles in flames,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: black-body radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solid particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum when plotted in wavelength units

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: incandescent light bulbs,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: As the temperature increases, the peak shifts to shorter wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 44%

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 10 micrometre wavelength,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: incandescent light bulbs,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: roughly 44%

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: blue-white

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CH radicals

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: deep infrared,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: molecular emission,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: deep infrared,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal:

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Blue-white thermal emission is not often seen, except in stars

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: flames,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: chromosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 44% of sunlight energy that reaches the ground is visible.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: temperature increases,

text: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing" is not well defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies. The usual definitions have suggested that radiation with particle or photon energies less than 10 electronvolts (eV) be considered non-ionizing. Another suggested threshold is 33 electronvolts, which is the energy needed to ionize water molecules. The light from the Sun that reaches the earth is largely composed of non-ionizing radiation, since the ionizing far-ultraviolet rays have been filtered out by the gases in the atmosphere, particularly oxygen. The remaining ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is in the non-ionizing band, and causes molecular damage (for example, sunburn) by photochemical and free-radical-producing means that do not ionize.

text: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing" is not well defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at

entity_name: Ionization energies of the elements (data page)

text: different energies

text: . The usual definitions have suggested that radiation with particle or photon energies less than 10

text: electronvolt

text: s (eV) be considered non-ionizing. Another suggested threshold is 33 electronvolts, which is the energy needed to ionize water molecules. The light from the

text: Sun

text: that reaches the earth is largely composed of non-ionizing radiation, since the ionizing far-

text: ultraviolet

text: rays have been filtered out by the gases in the atmosphere, particularly oxygen. The remaining ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is in the non-ionizing band, and causes molecular damage (for example, sunburn) by

text: photochemical

text: and free-radical-producing means that do not ionize.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the region at which radiation becomes considered as ionizing?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause molecular damage

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not well defined

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electronvolts

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many electronvolts are needed to ionize water molecules?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: far-ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: far-ultraviolet rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy needed to ionize water molecules

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules and atoms ionize at different energies.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-ionizing.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ionizing far-ultraviolet rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: causes molecular damage

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ionize at different energies.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: gases in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 33 electronvolts,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionize water molecules.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: non-ionizing band,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 10 electronvolts

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ionizing far-ultraviolet rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionize water molecules.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: molecules and atoms

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing"

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: non-ionizing radiation,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultraviolet radiation

text: A community of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands. Terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from aquatic ecosystems by the lower availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on both a diurnal and seasonal basis than occur in gay ecosystems in similar climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent in land  than in water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration, and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained, and an atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and where the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carboncology|limiting factor]]. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on both a diurnal and seasonal basis than occur in gay ecosystems in similar climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent in land  than in water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration, and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained, and an atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and where the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.

text: A

text: community

text: of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands. Terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from

text: aquatic ecosystems

text: by the lower availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a

text: limiting factor

text: . Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on both a

text: diurnal

text: and seasonal basis than occur in gay ecosystems in similar climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent in land  than in water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration, and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained, and an atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and where the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carboncology|limiting factor]]. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on both a

text: diurnal

text: and seasonal basis than occur in gay ecosystems in similar climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent in land  than in water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration, and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained, and an atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and where the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a limiting factor?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a limiting factor?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a limitation of terrestrial ecosystems?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Where does the heat go?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Terrestrial ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Terrestrial ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: most water and ions are obtained,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: temperature fluctuations on both a diurnal and seasonal basis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: an atmospheric portion

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fluctuations on both a diurnal and seasonal basis

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: water and ions are obtained,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: gay ecosystems in similar climates.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: seasonal basis than occur in gay ecosystems in similar climates.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gay ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: gay ecosystems in similar climates.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gay ecosystems in similar climates.

text: The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is a very energy-intensive process, as it involves breaking the very stable triple bond between the nitrogen atoms. The enzyme nitrogenase is one of the few enzymes that can catalyze the process. The enzyme occurs in Rhizobium bacteria. There are three components to its action: a molybdenum atom at the active site, iron–sulfur clusters that are involved in transporting the electrons needed to reduce the nitrogen, and an abundant energy source in the form of magnesium ATP. This last is provided by a symbiotic relationship between the bacteria and a host plant, often a legume. The relationship is symbiotic because the plant supplies the energy by photosynthesis and benefits by obtaining the fixed nitrogen. The reaction may be written symbolically as

text: The

text: fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

text: is a very energy-intensive process, as it involves breaking the very stable

text: triple bond

text: between the nitrogen atoms. The enzyme

text: nitrogenase

text: is one of the few enzymes that can catalyze the process. The enzyme occurs in

text: Rhizobium

text: bacteria

text: . There are three components to its action: a

text: molybdenum

text: atom at the active site,

text: iron–sulfur clusters

text: that are involved in transporting the electrons needed to reduce the nitrogen, and an abundant energy source in the form of

text: magnesium

text: ATP

text: . This last is provided by a

text: symbiotic

text: relationship between the bacteria and a host plant, often a

text: legume

text: . The relationship is symbiotic because the plant supplies the energy by

text: photosynthesis

text: and benefits by obtaining the fixed nitrogen. The reaction may be written symbolically as

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate the plant's leaves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a source of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy-intensive process?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy-intensive process

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: magnesium ATP

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the reaction may be written symbolically as

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a river

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transporting electrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a warmer climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: a plant produces

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Nitrogenase

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: enzymes

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ATP.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: magnesium ATP.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Rhizobium bacteria.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nitrogen

text: Depending on the design of the weapon and the environment in which it is detonated the energy distributed to these categories can be increased or decreased. The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, with the surroundings. Locations such as submarine, surface, air burst, or exo-atmospheric determine how much energy is produced as blast and how much as radiation. In general, denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect.

text: Depending on the design of the weapon and the environment in which it is detonated the energy distributed to these categories can be increased or decreased. The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , with the surroundings. Locations such as submarine, surface,

text: air burst

text: , or exo-atmospheric determine how much energy is produced as blast and how much as radiation. In general, denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: denser media

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum does the blast effect span?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air burst

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the energy distributed to these categories

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dense media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: density of media around the bomb

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: decreased.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: denser media around the bomb, like water,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: shockwaves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: shockwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: exo-atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: exo-atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: denser media around the bomb, like water,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: increased or decreased.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: decreased.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy distributed to these categories can be increased or decreased.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: exo-atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: shockwaves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: decreased.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: increased or decreased.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: denser media around the bomb, like water,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy,

text: The system is defined to be the mass of air that is drawn from the atmosphere into the cylinder, compressed by the piston, heated by the spark ignition of the added fuel, allowed to expand as it pushes on the piston, and finally exhausted back into the atmosphere. The mass of air is followed as its volume, pressure and temperature change during the various thermodynamic steps. As the piston is capable of moving along the cylinder, the volume of the air changes with its position in the cylinder. The compression and expansion processes induced on the gas by the movement of the piston are idealized as reversible, i.e., no useful work is lost through turbulence or friction and no heat is transferred to or from the gas during those two processes. Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel. Useful work is extracted by the expansion of the gas in the cylinder. After the expansion is completed in the cylinder, the remaining heat is extracted and finally the gas is exhausted to the environment. Useful mechanical work is produced during the expansion process and some of that used to compress the air mass of the next cycle. The useful mechanical work produced minus that used for the compression process is the net work gained and that can be used for propulsion or for driving other machines. Alternatively the useful work gained is the difference between the heat added and the heat removed.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is added to the air by the combustion of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Friction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: used for propulsion

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference between the useful mechanical work and the net work gained?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used for propulsion or for driving other machines

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Useful mechanical work is produced during the expansion process

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Useful mechanical work

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: combustion of fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: no useful work is lost through turbulence or friction

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a cylinder

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: combustion of fuel

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: useful mechanical work

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air is drawn from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: spark ignition of the added fuel,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: spark ignition of the added fuel,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fuel.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence or friction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: turbulence or friction

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: friction

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: no heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Useful mechanical work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy is added to the air by the combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: fuel,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: reversible,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fuel.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: reversible,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: reversible,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: no heat is transferred to or from the gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cylinder,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: combustion of fuel.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: no useful work is lost through turbulence or friction

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air that is drawn from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: air

text: Each variable is isolated either by an a priori knowledge or via in-situ measurement. The mass (m) and area (A) are based on the physical parameters that can be measured prior to launch. The Coefficient of Drag is simulated using the external geometry of the spacecraft in its science collection state. Density (ρ), Acceleration (a), and a Wind Vector are sensed by two onboard instruments, the first is a high precision Accelerometer suite (ACC) that amplifies the μg drag signal in the along track axis of the spacecraft. Secondary to that is a Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) that can provide data products relating the wind vector with respect to the spacecraft ram-vector as well as the numerical density of the constituents in the atmosphere. The idea is that at orbital velocities the spacecraft traveling through even a stagnant atmosphere will have collisions with the species present at energies of several Electron-Volts (eV) of which there are still billions per cubic meter.

text: Each variable is isolated either by an a priori knowledge or via in-situ measurement. The mass (m) and area (A) are based on the physical parameters that can be measured prior to launch. The Coefficient of Drag is simulated using the external geometry of the spacecraft in its science collection state. Density (ρ), Acceleration (a), and a Wind Vector are sensed by two onboard instruments, the first is a high precision Accelerometer suite (ACC) that amplifies the μg drag signal in the along track axis of the spacecraft. Secondary to that is a Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) that can provide data products relating the wind vector with respect to the spacecraft ram-vector as well as the numerical density of the constituents in the atmosphere. The idea is that at orbital velocities the spacecraft traveling through even a stagnant atmosphere will have collisions with the species present at energies of several Electron-Volts (eV) of which there are still billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a constituent of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the NMS measure?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: How does the Earth get energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Wind Vector

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: eV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The idea is that at orbital velocities

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: accelerate the  g drag signal

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The idea is that at orbital velocities

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a physical parameter that can be measured prior to launch

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the density of the constituents in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is based on the physical parameters that can be measured prior to launch

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are two important greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: eV

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron-volts

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Neutral Mass Spectrometer

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutron-volts

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there are still billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: density

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: eV

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by collisions with the species present

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: in-situ measurement.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Electron-Volts (eV)

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Neutral Mass Spectrometer

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Electron-Volts (eV)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Wind Vector

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Electron-Volts (eV)

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Electron-Volts (eV)

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: <unk>g drag signal

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a priori knowledge or via in-situ measurement.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: measurement.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Wind Vector

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Electron-Volts

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electron-Volts (eV)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stagnant atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: orbital velocities the spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The Coefficient of Drag

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: billions per cubic meter.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: collisions with the species

text: Currently, anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere, which is the main cause of global warming.

text: Currently,

text: anthropogenic

text: greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere, which is the main cause of

text: global warming

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to measure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can not be affected by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can cause global warming

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Currently, anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accumulating

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Currently, anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: anthropogenic greenhouse gases

text: The ionosphere is a layer of partially ionized gases high above the majority of the Earth's atmosphere; these gases are ionized by cosmic rays originating on the sun.  When radio waves travel into this zone, which commences about 80 kilometers above the earth, they experience diffraction in a manner similar to the visible light phenomenon described above. In this case some of the electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc, such that it can return to the Earth's surface at a very distant point (on the order of hundreds of kilometers from the broadcast source.  More remarkably some of this radio wave energy bounces off the Earth's surface and reaches the ionosphere for a second time, at a distance even farther away than the first time.  Consequently a high powered transmitter can effectively broadcast over 1000 kilometers by using multiple "skips" off of the ionosphere.  And, at times of favorable atmospheric conditions good "skip" occurs, then even a low power transmitter can be heard half way around th world.  This often occurs for "novice" radio amateurs "hams" who are limited by law to transmitters with no more than 65 watts.  The Kon-Tiki expedition communicated regularly with a 6 watt transmitter from the middle of the Pacific. For more details see the "communications" part of the "Kon-Tiki expedition" entry in Wikipedia.

text: The

text: ionosphere

text: is a layer of partially

text: ionized

text: gases

text: high above the majority of the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: ; these gases are ionized by

text: cosmic rays

text: originating on the sun.  When radio waves travel into this zone, which commences about 80 kilometers above the earth, they experience

text: diffraction

text: in a manner similar to the

text: visible light

text: phenomenon described above. In this case some of the electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc, such that it can return to the Earth's surface at a very distant point (on the order of hundreds of kilometers from the

text: broadcast

text: source.  More remarkably some of this radio wave energy bounces off the Earth's surface and reaches the ionosphere for a second time, at a distance even farther away than the first time.  Consequently a high powered

text: transmitter

text: can effectively broadcast over 1000 kilometers by using multiple "skips" off of the ionosphere.  And, at times of favorable atmospheric conditions good "skip" occurs, then even a low power transmitter can be heard half way around th world.  This often occurs for "novice" radio amateurs "hams" who are limited by law to transmitters with no more than 65 watts.  The Kon-Tiki expedition communicated regularly with a 6 watt transmitter from the middle of the Pacific. For more details see the "communications" part of the "Kon-Tiki expedition" entry in Wikipedia.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: diffraction

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic rays originating on the sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the ionosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Kon-Tiki expedition communicated regularly

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio waves travel into this zone

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: diffraction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Kon-Tiki expedition communicated regularly with a 6 watt transmitter from the middle of the Pacific

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays originating on the sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: diffraction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: diffraction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: a high powered transmitter can effectively broadcast over 1000 kilometers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Kon-Tiki expedition communicated regularly

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy is bent in a large arc,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hundreds of kilometers from the broadcast source.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: diffraction

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays

text: The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions; the near-, mid- and far- infrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher-energy near-IR, approximately 14000–4000 cm (0.8–2.5 μm wavelength) can excite overtone or harmonic vibrations. The mid-infrared, approximately 4000–400 cm (2.5–25 μm) may be used to study the fundamental vibrations and associated rotational-vibrational structure. The far-infrared, approximately 400–10 cm (25–1000 μm), lying adjacent to the microwave region, has low energy and may be used for rotational spectroscopy. The names and classifications of these subregions are conventions, and are only loosely based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties.

text: The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions; the near-, mid- and far- infrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher-energy near-IR, approximately 14000–4000 cm (0.8–2.5 μm wavelength) can excite

text: overtone

text: or

text: harmonic

text: vibrations. The mid-infrared, approximately 4000–400 cm (2.5–25 μm) may be used to study the fundamental vibrations and associated

text: rotational-vibrational

text: structure. The far-infrared, approximately 400–10 cm (25–1000 μm), lying adjacent to the

text: microwave

text: region, has low energy and may be used for

text: rotational spectroscopy

text: . The names and classifications of these subregions are conventions, and are only loosely based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vibrational structure

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: near-IR

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: near-IR

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: excite overtone or harmonic vibrations

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is true about the far-infrared?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The higher-energy near-IR, approximately 14000–4000 cm (0.8–2.5  m wavelength)

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelength

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic properties

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: near-IR

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The names and classifications of these subregions are conventions, and are only loosely based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecular

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: rotational-vibrational structure.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: near-IR,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: near-IR,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: excite overtone or harmonic vibrations.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The higher-energy near-IR,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: study the fundamental vibrations and associated rotational-vibrational structure.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic properties.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic properties.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: vibrations.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The infrared

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: overtone or harmonic vibrations.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared

text: The function of a standalone reflector is to redirect electro-magnetic (EM) energy, generally in the radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

text: The function of a standalone reflector is to redirect

text: electro-magnetic

text: (EM) energy, generally in the radio

text: wavelength

text: range of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does EM stand for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: infrared, radio or radio?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be reflected by a reflector

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a function of a standalone reflector?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is not the function of a standalone reflector?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be redirected by a reflector

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of reflector?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a reflector redirects electromagnetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: evaporation of water

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: reflector

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radio wavelength range

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio wavelength

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflector

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radio wavelength range

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electro-magnetic (EM) energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The function of a standalone reflector

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: reflector

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electro-magnetic

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electro-magnetic (EM) energy,

text: According to Marsden and Ross, "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth  and  points differ from those of the Earth–Moon system by only 50 m/s (as measured by maneuver velocity)."

text: According to Marsden and Ross, "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth  and  points differ from those of the Earth–Moon system by only 50 m/s (as measured by maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: differs from those of the Earth–Moon system

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Marsden and Ross

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Marsden and Ross

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: differ from those of the Earth–Moon system

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Marsden and Ross?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earth–Moon system

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does maneuver velocity measure

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be measured by maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: what is the first type of energy source mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the Earth–Moon system differ from those of the Sun–Earth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy levels of the Sun–Earth and points differ from those of the Earth–Moon system by 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth–Moon system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: maneuver velocity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Marsden and Ross

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: points

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 50 m/s (as measured by maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: 50 m/s (as measured by maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: maneuver velocity)."

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 50 m/s

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "The energy levels of the Sun–Earth

text: Vulcan is a mutant with the ability to psionically manipulate vast amounts of energy. In addition to traditional energies of the electromagnetic spectrum, Vulcan has displayed control over exotic energies such as Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

text: Vulcan is a

text: mutant

text: with the ability to

text: psionic

text: ally manipulate vast amounts of

text: energy

text: . In addition to traditional energies of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , Vulcan has displayed control over exotic energies such as Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of energy does Vulcan have control over?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Vulcan use as a weapon

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can vulcan manipulate

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What does Vulcan have the ability to do?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Vulcan have the ability to do?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Cyclops has displayed control over exotic energies such as magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Vulcan

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Vulcan's powers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Vulcan

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Vulcan

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: optic blasts

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: traditional energies

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Vulcan

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cyclops'

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: psionically manipulate vast amounts of energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Vulcan

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: traditional energies of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy.

text: Carbon neutral fuel is synthetic fuel—such as methane, gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel—produced from renewable or nuclear energy used to hydrogenate waste carbon dioxide recycled from power plant flue exhaust gas or derived from carbonic acid in seawater. Such fuels are potentially carbon neutral because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases. To the extent that carbon neutral fuels displace fossil fuels, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in negative carbon dioxide emission and net carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of greenhouse gas remediation. Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer–Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels.

text: Carbon neutral fuel

text: is

text: synthetic fuel

text: —such as

text: methane

text: gasoline

text: diesel fuel

text: or

text: jet fuel

text: —produced from

text: renewable

text: or

text: nuclear energy

text: used to

text: hydrogenate

text: waste

text: carbon dioxide

text: recycled from

text: power plant flue

text: exhaust gas

text: or derived from

text: carbonic acid

text: in

text: seawater

text: . Such fuels are potentially

text: carbon neutral

text: because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es. To the extent that carbon neutral fuels displace

text: fossil fuel

text: s, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to

text: carbon capture

text: at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in

text: negative carbon dioxide emission

text: and net

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of

text: greenhouse gas remediation

text: . Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the

text: electrolysis of water

text: to make

text: hydrogen

text: used in the

text: Sabatier reaction

text: to produce methane which may then be

text: stored

text: to be burned later in

text: power plants

text: as synthetic

text: natural gas

text: , transported by

text: pipeline

text: truck

text: , or

text: tanker ship

text: , or be used in

text: gas to liquids

text: processes such as the

text: Fischer–Tropsch process

text: to make traditional transportation or heating

text: fuel

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of greenhouse gas remediation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What can be produced by the electrolysis of water?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Fischer–Tropsch

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Carbon neutral

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon neutral fuels displace fossil fuels?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the Sabatier reaction to produce methane produce?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be produced by the electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrolysis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the Sabatier reaction?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Carbon neutral fuel is synthetic fuel

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: pipeline

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon neutral fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrolysis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbonic acid in seawater.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transportation or heating fuels.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon neutral fuel

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: carbonic acid in seawater.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: pipeline, truck, or tanker ship,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative carbon dioxide emission

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels,

text: In the U.S., Waste Management uses landfill gas as an energy source. Their landfill gas-to-energy projects create sufficient energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day. This energy production offsets almost two million tons of coal per year. These projects also reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Waste Management currently has 110 landfill gas-to-energy facilities.  This gas is equivalent to natural gas.

text: In the U.S.,

text: Waste Management

text: uses landfill gas as an energy source. Their landfill gas-to-energy projects create sufficient energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day. This energy production offsets almost two million tons of coal per year. These projects also reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Waste Management currently has 110 landfill gas-to-energy facilities.  This gas is equivalent to natural gas.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: c).

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: landfill gas or coal?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: landfill gas-to-energy facilities or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases be released into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: landfill gas-to-energy projects or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: natural gas, landfill gas, or coal?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the equivalent of natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an energy source: landfill gas or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: natural gas and landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Waste Management uses landfill gas as an energy source.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: releasing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: In the U.S., Waste Management uses landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: natural gas.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: In the U.S., Waste Management uses landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 110 landfill gas-to-energy facilities.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: natural gas.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: In the U.S., Waste Management uses landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy to power four hundred thousand homes every day.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: two million tons of coal per year.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: landfill gas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

text: Tetrafluoromethane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect. It is very stable, has an atmospheric lifetime of 50,000 years, and a high greenhouse warming potential of 6500 (which is given for the first 100 years thereof, CO has a factor of 1); however, the low amount in the atmosphere restricts the overall radiative forcing effect.

text: Tetrafluoromethane is a potent

text: greenhouse gas

text: that contributes to the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . It is very stable, has an

text: atmospheric lifetime

text: of 50,000 years, and a high

text: greenhouse warming potential

text: of 6500 (which is given for the first 100 years thereof,

text: CO

text: has a factor of 1); however, the low amount in the atmosphere restricts the overall

text: radiative forcing

text: effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does tetrafluoromethane contribute to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high greenhouse warming potential

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Tetrafluoromethane?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect affect the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not fit the context

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to produce heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: Tetrafluoromethane or CO?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 50,000 years

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CO has a factor of 1

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Tetrafluoromethane is a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 6500

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 50,000 years,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Tetrafluoromethane is a potent greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CO has a factor of 1);

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative forcing effect.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Tetrafluoromethane

text: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect. Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation, but do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum. Common examples of these are  and HO.

text: The

text: greenhouse effect

text: is directly related to this absorption and emission effect. Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation, but do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum. Common examples of these are  and HO.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight in the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sunlight in the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: HO.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption and emission effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: absorption and emission effect.

text: The Greenhouse Effect refers to Linda Greenhouse, a Pulitzer Prize winning New York Times Supreme Court reporter for over three decades, currently a Senior Fellow at Yale Law School. Greenhouse came under fire from conservatives for publicly espousing liberal viewpoints by participating in a 1989 pro-choice march and in remarks at the Radcliffe Institute in 2006.

text: The Greenhouse Effect refers to

text: Linda Greenhouse

text: , a

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: winning

text: New York Times

text: Supreme Court reporter for over three decades, currently a Senior Fellow at

text: Yale Law School

text: . Greenhouse came under fire from conservatives for publicly espousing liberal viewpoints by participating in a 1989 pro-choice march and in remarks at the

text: Radcliffe Institute

text: in 2006.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the Greenhouse effect refer to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, visible light or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What kind of light is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the Greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the Greenhouse Effect?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does greenhouse have

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the ultraviolet spectrum: blue, green, or yellow?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does the Greenhouse effect refer to?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Greenhouse Effect refers to Linda Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1989 pro-choice march

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Greenhouse Effect refers to Linda Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Pulitzer Prize winning New York Times Supreme Court reporter for over three decades,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Greenhouse Effect refers to Linda Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Greenhouse Effect

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Linda Greenhouse,

text: Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants. Depending upon the technical specification of a greenhouse, key factors which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade, irrigation, fertilizer application, and atmospheric humidity. Greenhouses may be used to overcome shortcomings in the growing qualities of a piece of land, such as a short growing season or poor light levels, and they can thereby improve food production in marginal environments.  Greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade are sometimes called "shadehouses".

text: Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants. Depending upon the technical specification of a greenhouse, key factors which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade,

text: irrigation

text: fertilizer

text: application, and atmospheric

text: humidity

text: . Greenhouses may be used to overcome shortcomings in the growing qualities of a piece of land, such as a short growing season or poor light levels, and they can thereby improve food production in marginal environments.  Greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade are sometimes called "shadehouses".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a key factor of greenhouses: temperature, levels of light and shade

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouses be used to overcome shortcomings in the growing qualities of a piece of land

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a key factor of greenhouses?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a key factor which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a key factor which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can thereby improve food production in marginal environments

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a key factor which may be controlled include temperature, levels of light and shade?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fertilizer application and atmospheric humidity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade are sometimes called "shadehouses"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouses in hot, dry climates

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouses in hot, dry climates

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "shadehouses".

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric humidity.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "shadehouses".

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "shadehouses".

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouses in hot, dry climates used specifically to provide shade

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric humidity.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: food production

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "shadehouses".

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: temperature,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric humidity.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: shade,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: plants.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greater control over the growing environment of plants.

text: A greenhouse gas (abbrev. GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about , rather than the present average of .  In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.

text: A greenhouse gas (abbrev. GHG) is a

text: gas

text: in an atmosphere that

text: absorbs

text: and

text: emits

text: radiation within the

text: thermal infrared

text: range. This process is the fundamental cause of the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . The primary greenhouse gases in

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: are

text: water vapor

text: carbon dioxide

text: methane

text: nitrous oxide

text: , and

text: ozone

text: . Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of

text: Earth's surface

text: would be about , rather than the present average of .  In the

text: Solar System

text: , the atmospheres of

text: Venus

text: Mars

text: and

text: Titan

text: also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: water, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the thermal infrared range?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the thermal infrared range?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal infrared range

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Be absorbed by a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which is not true about greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does the greenhouse effect cause more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: without greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which two gases are the primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal infrared range

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by absorbing and emitting radiation within the thermal infrared range

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Without greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Without greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation within the thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: A greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal infrared range.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: A greenhouse gas

text: Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature. All of the many forms of energy are convertible to other kinds of energy. In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.

text: Common energy forms include the

text: kinetic energy

text: of a moving object, the

text: potential energy

text: stored by an object's position in a force

text: field

text: gravitational

text: electric

text: or

text: magnetic

text: ), the

text: elastic energy

text: stored by stretching solid objects, the

text: chemical energy

text: released when a fuel burns, the

text: radiant energy

text: carried by light, and the

text: thermal energy

text: due to an object's

text: temperature

text: . All of the many

text: forms of energy

text: are convertible to other kinds of energy. In

text: Newtonian physics

text: , there is a universal law of

text: conservation of energy

text: which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the name of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: thermal energy due to an object's temperature

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the radiant energy carried by light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy due to an object's temperature

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nonexistent

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: thermal energy due to an object's temperature

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be neither created nor be destroyed

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiant energy carried by light

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: chemical energy released when a fuel burns

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can change from one form to another

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the radiant energy carried by light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy can be neither created nor be destroyed

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a moving object

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: potential energy stored by an object

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: a moving object

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: chemical energy released when a fuel burns

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solid objects,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiant energy carried by light,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy due to an object's temperature.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Newtonian physics,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: temperature.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: universal law of conservation of energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric or magnetic),

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the radiant energy carried by light,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: elastic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy of a moving object,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: created nor be destroyed;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solid objects,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy of a moving object,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a fuel burns,

text: The electrons responsible for the brightest forms of aurora are well accounted for by their acceleration in the dynamic electric fields of plasma turbulence encountered during precipitation from the magnetosphere into the auroral atmosphere. In contrast, static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons due to their conservative nature. The electrons and ions that cause the diffuse aurora appear not to be accelerated during precipitation.The increase in strength of magnetic field lines towards the Earth creates a ‘magnetic mirror’ that turns back many of the downward flowing electrons. The bright forms of auroras are produced when downward acceleration not only increases the energy of precipitating electrons but also reduces their pitch angles (angle between electron velocity and the local magnetic field vector). This greatly increases the rate of deposition of energy into the atmosphere, and thereby the rates of ionisation, excitation and consequent emission of auroral light. Acceleration also increases the electron current flowing between the atmosphere and magnetosphere.

text: The electrons responsible for the brightest forms of aurora are well accounted for by their acceleration in the dynamic electric fields of plasma turbulence encountered during precipitation from the magnetosphere into the auroral atmosphere. In contrast, static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons due to their conservative nature. The electrons and ions that cause the diffuse aurora appear not to be accelerated during precipitation.The increase in strength of magnetic field lines towards the Earth creates a ‘magnetic mirror’ that turns back many of the downward flowing electrons. The bright forms of auroras are produced when downward acceleration not only increases the energy of precipitating electrons but also reduces their pitch angles (angle between electron velocity and the local magnetic field vector). This greatly increases the rate of deposition of energy into the atmosphere, and thereby the rates of ionisation, excitation and consequent emission of auroral light. Acceleration also increases the electron current flowing between the atmosphere and magnetosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: aurora

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: plasma turbulence or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum is auroral light?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: pitch angles

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: auroras

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ionisation and excitation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the increase in strength of magnetic field lines towards the Earth create?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Acceleration increases the electron current

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: static electric fields of plasma turbulence encountered during precipitation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: plasma turbulence

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: static electric fields

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: auroral light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electrons

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: static electric fields

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: pitch angles

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: aurora

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: downward flowing electrons.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: strength of magnetic field lines

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ionisation, excitation and consequent emission of auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ionisation, excitation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: plasma turbulence

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: auroral light.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: static electric fields are unable to transfer energy to the electrons

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy into the atmosphere,

text: The Mahakam catchment is around the equator. According to Köppen climate classification, this area belongs to type Af (tropical rainforest) that has a minimum temperature ≥18 °C and precipitation of the driest month in normal year ≥60 mm Transfer of mass and energy in the tropical zone occurred through general air circulation known as the Hadley cell. According to Seidel et al. (2008) the precipitation pattern in this area is largely determined by this large-scale atmospheric wind patterns, which is observable in several ways throughout the atmosphere. This circulation carries moisture into the air, generating rainfall in equatorial regions, whereas at the edges of the tropical belt are drier. Within this circulation, evaporation occurs intensively around the equator on the centre of low pressure called the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), characterized by accumulation of cloud in the area. The ITCZ moves following the pseudo-motion of the sun within 23.5°N and 23.5°S zone, therefore its position always changes according to this motion.

text: The Mahakam catchment is around the equator. According to

text: Köppen climate classification

text: , this area belongs to type Af (tropical rainforest) that has a minimum temperature ≥18 °C and precipitation of the driest month in normal year ≥60 mm Transfer of mass and energy in the tropical zone occurred through general air circulation known as the

text: Hadley cell

text: . According to Seidel et al. (2008) the

text: precipitation

text: pattern in this area is largely determined by this large-scale atmospheric wind patterns, which is observable in several ways throughout the atmosphere. This circulation carries moisture into the air, generating rainfall in equatorial regions, whereas at the edges of the tropical belt are drier. Within this circulation, evaporation occurs intensively around the equator on the centre of low pressure called the

text: Intertropical Convergence Zone

text: (ITCZ), characterized by accumulation of cloud in the area. The ITCZ moves following the pseudo-motion of the sun within 23.5°N and 23.5°S zone, therefore its position always changes according to this motion.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: mass or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum is the Mahakam catchment?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The ITCZ moves following the pseudo-motion of the sun within 23.5°N and 23.5°S zone, therefore its position always changes according to this motion

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the Mahakam catchment?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of rainforest?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How is the climate of the Mahakam catchment?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ITCZ moves following the pseudo-motion of the sun within 23.5°N and 23.5°S zone, therefore its position always changes according to this motion.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or evaporation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the driest month in normal year  60 mm

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rainfall

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the pseudo-motion of the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 18 °C

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: general air circulation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Intertropical Convergence Zone

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Intertropical Convergence Zone

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Intertropical Convergence Zone

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 18 °C

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Mahakam catchment is around the equator.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Intertropical Convergence Zone

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Mahakam catchment is around the equator.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: general air circulation known as the Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air circulation known as the Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 18 °C

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: through general air circulation known as the Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: driest month in normal year <unk>60 mm

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Hadley cell.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air circulation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rainfall in equatorial regions,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: moisture

text: Lajkonik has been involved in every PolArt Festival since 1991, and is a regular attendee of the Triennial International Rzeszow Festival in Poland Since 1996. Lajkonik performs not only within the Polish Community, but also strives to promote the beautiful and rich Polish culture and traditions to the non-Polish community through its folkloric performances, with in excess of 30 performances and events annually at a range of multicultural, religious  and dance-based events and festivals.  Lajkonik is regularly booked for weddings and special events, and has gained quite a reputation for the special atmosphere which its performances contribute to such occasions through the energy, joy and colour of its performances.

text: Lajkonik has been involved in every PolArt Festival since 1991, and is a regular attendee of the Triennial International Rzeszow Festival in Poland Since 1996. Lajkonik performs not only within the Polish Community, but also strives to promote the beautiful and rich Polish culture and traditions to the non-Polish community through its folkloric performances, with in excess of 30 performances and events annually at a range of multicultural, religious  and dance-based events and festivals.  Lajkonik is regularly booked for weddings and special events, and has gained quite a reputation for the special atmosphere which its performances contribute to such occasions through the energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is Lajkonik's profession?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of performance: folkloric, religious or dance-based?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a person

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Lajkonik?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of Lajkonik?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: does Lajkonik have

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How would you describe Lajkonik?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: joy and colour

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Lajkonik is regularly booked for weddings and special events

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: PolArt Festival

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Lajkonik

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heats the air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Lajkonik

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: folkloric performances,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: folkloric performances,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: folkloric performances,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1996.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 1991,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Triennial International Rzeszow Festival in Poland Since 1996.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Lajkonik is regularly booked for weddings and special events,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1996.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 1991,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: colour

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Triennial International Rzeszow Festival in Poland Since 1996.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 1996.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: joy and colour

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Triennial International Rzeszow Festival

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: special atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy, joy and colour of its performances.

text: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind. The interaction between wind and the surface of water creates waves, which are larger when there is a greater distance for them to build up. Wave energy potential is greatest between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres on the west coast because of the global direction of wind. When evaluating wave energy as a technology type, it is important to distinguish between the four most common approaches: point absorber buoys, surface attenuators, oscillating water columns, and overtopping devices.

text: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind. The interaction between wind and the surface of water creates waves, which are larger when there is a greater distance for them to build up. Wave energy potential is greatest between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres on the west coast because of the global direction of wind. When evaluating wave energy as a technology type, it is important to distinguish between the four most common approaches:

text: point absorber buoy

text: s,

text: surface attenuator

text: s,

text: oscillating water column

text: s, and

text: overtopping devices

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the interaction between wind and the surface of water create?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (d).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: point absorber buoys

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Creates Temperature Differences

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The interaction of wind and the surface of water creates waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of buoy?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the interaction between wind and the surface of water?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does solar energy from the Sun create?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wave energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Wave energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: interaction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the interaction between wind and the surface of water creates waves

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: waves,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: overtopping devices.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Wave energy potential is greatest between 30° and 60° latitude

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.

text: This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is a red clump giant on the horizontal branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, indicating that is it now generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core. The star has 2.5 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 9 times the Sun's radius. As such, it is radiating nearly 46 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,864 K.

text: This is an

text: evolved

text: K-type

text: giant star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of K0 III. It is a

text: red clump

text: giant on the

text: horizontal branch

text: of the

text: Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

text: , indicating that is it now generating energy through the

text: thermonuclear fusion

text: of helium at its core. The star has 2.5 times the

text: mass of the Sun

text: and has expanded to 9 times the

text: Sun's radius

text: . As such, it is radiating nearly 46 times the

text: solar luminosity

text: from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 4,864 K.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: helium or helium?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The star has 2.5 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 9 times the Sun's radius

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are long and very high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The star has 2.5 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 9 times the Sun's radius

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How many times the Sun's radius does the star have?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What is the star's effective temperature?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can not be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or helium?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How many times the Sun's radius does the star have?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: red clump giant or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: wood, helium, or helium?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the star has 2.5 times the mass of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: How many times the solar luminosity does the star radiate?

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: horizontal branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Hertzsprung–Russell diagram,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: red clump giant

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: red clump giant

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: red clump giant

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 46 times the solar luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium

text: An afterglow is a broad high arch of whitish or rosy light appearing in the sky due to very fine particles of dust suspended in the high regions of the atmosphere. An afterglow may appear above the highest clouds in the hour of deepening twilight, or reflected from the high snowfields in mountain regions long after sunset. The particles produce a scattering effect upon the component parts of white light. The true alpenglow, which occurs long after sunset or long before sunrise, is caused by the backscattering of red sunlight by aerosols and fine dust particles low in the atmosphere. It is an afterglow caused by direct illumination of atmospheric particles by sunlight as it refracts and gets scattered through the Earth's atmosphere. The high-energy and high-frequency light is scattered out the most and the remaining low-energy, low-frequency reaches the observer in the horizon at twilight. The backscattering of this light further turns it pinkish-red. This period of time is referred to as the blue hour and is widely treasured by photographers and painters as it offers breathtaking imagery.The afterglow persists till the Earth's shadow (terminator line) takes over the sky of the observer as nightfall and the stars appear, with planet Venus being the brightest star visible in the night sky just opposite to the Belt of Venus at the anti-solar point.

text: An afterglow is a broad high arch of whitish or rosy light appearing in the

text: sky

text: due to very fine particles of

text: dust

text: suspended in the high regions of the

text: atmosphere

text: . An afterglow may appear above the highest

text: cloud

text: s in the hour of deepening

text: twilight

text: , or

text: reflected

text: from the high

text: snow

text: fields in

text: mountain

text: regions long after

text: sunset

text: . The particles produce a

text: scattering

text: effect upon the component parts of

text: white

text: light

text: . The true

text: alpenglow

text: , which occurs long after sunset or long before sunrise, is caused by the

text: backscattering

text: of red sunlight by

text: aerosols

text: and fine dust particles low in the atmosphere. It is an afterglow caused by

text: direct illumination

text: of atmospheric particles by sunlight as it

text: refracts

text: and gets

text: scattered

text: through the Earth's atmosphere. The

text: high-energy

text: and

text: high-frequency

text: light is

text: scattered

text: out the most and the remaining low-energy, low-frequency reaches the observer in the

text: horizon

text: at

text: twilight

text: . The backscattering of this light further turns it pinkish-red. This period of time is referred to as the

text: blue hour

text: and is widely treasured by

text: photographers

text: and

text: painters

text: as it offers breathtaking imagery.The afterglow persists till the

text: Earth's shadow

text: (terminator line) takes over the

text: sky

text: of the observer as nightfall and the stars appear, with planet

text: Venus

text: being the brightest star visible in the

text: night sky

text: just opposite to the

text: Belt of Venus

text: at the

text: anti-solar point

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a component part of white light?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: alpenglow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause an afterglow

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the afterglow?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of afterglow?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the afterglow: the backscattering of red sunlight by aerosols and fine dust particles low in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: very fine particles of dust

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of afterglow: direct illumination of atmospheric particles by sunlight as it refracts

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: afterglow

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The particles produce a scattering effect upon the component parts of white light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: scattering

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Afterglow

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the backscattering of red sunlight

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: An afterglow

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: alpenglow,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmospheric particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: alpenglow,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: refracts and gets scattered through the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: low-energy, low-frequency

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: dust

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: An afterglow

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: An afterglow

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: high-energy and high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: photographers and painters as it offers breathtaking imagery.The

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: An afterglow

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: very fine particles of dust

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: refracts and gets scattered through the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: pinkish-red.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: An afterglow

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: direct illumination of atmospheric particles by sunlight

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: afterglow

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: high-frequency light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-energy, low-frequency

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high regions of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: scattered through the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: alpenglow,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: aerosols

text: Sea ice is important to the climate and the ocean in a variety of ways.  It reduces the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere; it causes less solar energy to be absorbed at the surface, and provides a surface on which snow can accumulate, which further decreases the absorption of solar energy; since salt is rejected from the ice as it forms, the ice increases the salinity of the ocean's surface water where it forms and decreases the salinity where it melts, both of which can affect the ocean's circulation (NSIDC).

text: Sea ice is important to the climate and the ocean in a variety of ways.  It reduces the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere; it causes less solar energy to be absorbed at the surface, and provides a surface on which snow can accumulate, which further decreases the absorption of solar energy; since salt is rejected from the ice as it forms, the ice increases the salinity of the ocean's surface water where it forms and decreases the salinity where it melts, both of which can affect the ocean's circulation (NSIDC).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (NSIDC)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the salinity of ocean's surface water

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can affect the ocean's circulation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the absorption of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy to be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy;

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: circulation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transfer of heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Sea ice

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean's circulation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: less solar energy to be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Sea ice

text: , is known as the effective temperature.  The actual temperature of the planet will likely be different, depending on its surface and atmospheric properties. Ignoring the atmosphere and greenhouse effect, the planet, since it is at a much lower temperature than the Sun, emits mostly in the infrared (IR) portion of the spectrum. In this frequency range, it emits

text: , is known as the

text: effective temperature

text: .  The actual temperature of the planet will likely be different, depending on its surface and atmospheric properties. Ignoring the atmosphere and greenhouse effect, the planet, since it is at a much lower temperature than the Sun, emits mostly in the infrared (IR) portion of the spectrum. In this frequency range, it emits

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It is at a much lower temperature

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the planet's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is the ability of a person to perform a task

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun is the source of all energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere

text: The reason for this is that in this definition, electromagnetic radiation (such as light) as well as the energy of electromagnetic fields contributes to the mass of systems, and therefore appears to add matter to them. For example, light radiation (or thermal radiation) trapped inside a box would contribute to the mass of the box, as would any kind of energy inside the box, including the kinetic energy of particles held by the box. Nevertheless, isolated individual particles of light (photons) and the isolated kinetic energy of massive particles, are normally not considered to be matter.

text: The reason for this is that in this definition,

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: (such as light) as well as the energy of

text: electromagnetic field

text: s contributes to the mass of systems, and therefore appears to add matter to them. For example, light radiation (or

text: thermal radiation

text: ) trapped inside a box would contribute to the mass of the box, as would any kind of energy inside the box, including the kinetic energy of particles held by the box. Nevertheless, isolated individual particles of light (

text: photon

text: s) and the isolated kinetic energy of massive particles, are normally not considered to be matter.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does electromagnetic radiation consist of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to the mass

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: trapped inside a box would contribute to the mass of the box

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic fields contributing to the mass

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation (such as light)

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation)

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: light)

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal radiation) trapped inside a box

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: light radiation (or thermal radiation)

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: matter

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: matter

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: electromagnetic radiation (such as light) as well as the energy of electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (photons)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: matter.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: light radiation (or thermal radiation) trapped inside a box

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: matter

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: The energy generation of the Sun is based upon thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This occurs in the core region of the star using the proton–proton chain reaction process. Because there is no convection in the solar core, the helium concentration builds up in that region without being distributed throughout the star. The temperature at the core of the Sun is too low for nuclear fusion of helium atoms through the triple-alpha process, so these atoms do not contribute to the net energy generation that is needed to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium of the Sun.

text: The energy generation of the

text: Sun

text: is based upon thermonuclear fusion of

text: hydrogen

text: into

text: helium

text: . This occurs in the core region of the star using the

text: proton–proton chain reaction

text: process. Because there is no

text: convection

text: in the

text: solar core

text: , the helium concentration builds up in that region without being distributed throughout the star. The temperature at the core of the Sun is too low for nuclear fusion of helium atoms through the

text: triple-alpha process

text: , so these atoms do not contribute to the net energy generation that is needed to maintain

text: hydrostatic equilibrium

text: of the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the core of the sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why are gamma rays unable to penetrate Earths atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy generation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a proton?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Hydrogen and helium

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: nuclear fusion of helium atoms through the triple-alpha process

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the solar core

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hydrostatic equilibrium of the sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fusion of hydrogen into helium

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The energy generation of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convection in the solar core,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: core,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: helium concentration builds up in that region without being distributed throughout the star.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy generation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy generation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The energy generation of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: triple-alpha

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: helium.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: these atoms do not contribute to the net energy generation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar core,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: helium concentration builds up in that region without being distributed throughout the star.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: helium concentration builds up in that region without being distributed throughout the star.

text: Active sensors emit radiation in the direction of the object they are observing causing it to light up. To get a reading, it measures how much energy is reflected back at the sensor. Most active sensors are in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that they are able to pass through almost any atmospheric condition.

text: Active sensors emit radiation in the direction of the object they are observing causing it to light up. To get a reading, it measures how much energy is reflected back at the sensor. Most active sensors are in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that they are able to pass through almost any atmospheric condition.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What part of the electromagnetic spectrum are most active sensors in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a sensor to light up

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true of active sensors?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not an atmospheric condition?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sensor?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and microwaves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Most active sensors are in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature differences

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: active sensors emitting radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Active sensors emit radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: microwave part

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Active sensors emit radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: able to pass through almost any atmospheric condition.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Active sensors emit radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Active sensors emit radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: they are able to pass through almost any atmospheric condition.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric condition.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reflected

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Active sensors

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric condition.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Active sensors emit radiation

text: Through the study of moist static energy profiles, Herbert Riehl and Joanne Malkus determined in 1958 that hot towers, small cores of convection approximately  wide that extend from the planetary boundary layer to the tropopause, were the primary mechanism that transported energy out of the tropics to the middle latitudes. More recently, idealized model simulations of the tropics indicate that the moist static energy budget is dominated by advection, with shallow inflow in the lowest  of the atmosphere with outflow concentrated about  above the surface. Moist static energy has also been used to study the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). As with the tropics as a whole, the budget of moist static energy in the MJO is dominated by advection, but also is influenced by the wind-driven component of the surface latent heat ﬂux. The relationship between the advection component and the latent heat component influence the timing of the MJO.

text: Through the study of moist static energy profiles,

text: Herbert Riehl

text: and

text: Joanne Malkus

text: determined in 1958 that

text: hot tower

text: s, small cores of

text: convection

text: approximately  wide that extend from the

text: planetary boundary layer

text: to the

text: tropopause

text: , were the primary mechanism that transported energy out of the tropics to the middle latitudes. More recently, idealized model simulations of the tropics indicate that the moist static energy budget is dominated by

text: advection

text: , with shallow inflow in the lowest  of the atmosphere with outflow concentrated about  above the surface. Moist static energy has also been used to study the

text: Madden–Julian oscillation

text: (MJO). As with the tropics as a whole, the budget of moist static energy in the MJO is dominated by advection, but also is influenced by the wind-driven component of the surface latent heat ﬂux. The relationship between the advection component and the latent heat component influence the timing of the MJO.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a material?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hot towers

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Moist static energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: advection

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the relationship between the advection component and the latent heat component?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Moist static energy has also been used to study the Madden–Julian oscillation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small cores of convection

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction: convection, convection, or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: static energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the relationship between the advection component and the latent heat component?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Moist static energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Moist static energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the relationship between the advection component and the latent heat component influence the timing of the MJO

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hot towers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Moist static energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: advection

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the wind-driven component of the surface latent heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: hot towers, small cores of convection

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: hot towers, small cores of convection

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: advection,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: advection,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: hot towers, small cores of convection

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy out of the tropics to the middle latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Madden–Julian oscillation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: moist static energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: planetary boundary layer to the tropopause,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hot towers, small cores of convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hot towers,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: advection,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: hot towers,

text: Pressure is a force that can be measured absolutely, because the natural minimum of pressure is total vacuum. Pressure is frequently measured with reference to atmospheric pressure rather than on any absolute scale, relative to complete and perfect vacuum; it is technologically simpler and cheaper. It may also be more convenient to use relative scales, because, with things like pneumatics and hydraulics, the amount of energy transferred is reduced by the relative "backpressure" of the atmosphere. (e.g.: 15 psi of air in a tank at sea level will become 30 psi in the vacuum of space.) Therefore, with measurements of things like blood pressure or tire pressure, a measurement relative to air pressure is a better indication of "burst pressure" (damage threshold) than an absolute scale. Absolute scales are typically used in science, deep vacuum measurements (where the fluctuating pressure of the atmosphere becomes a nuisance), aeronautics (where precise measurements of the atmosphere are needed to determine altitude), or lighting construction (where the relative pressure of the atmosphere is inconsequential), and are measured in units of "atmospheres" or torr. Barometers do measure absolute pressure by holding a vacuum at the top of the mercury column or one side of a diaphragm, but that vacuum is awkward to achieve and maintain. Thus, while the general public may be familiar with measurements of absolute pressure from weather forecasts, most pressures such as tire pressures and water pressures are measured relative to atmospheric pressure using cheaper and simpler pressure gauges. For this reason, the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure is called gauge pressure and measurements given in units like pounds per square inch (abbreviated lbf/in or psi) are often shown as psig (the "g" standing for gauge) or psia ("a" for absolute).

text: Pressure

text: is a force that can be measured absolutely, because the natural minimum of pressure is total

text: vacuum

text: . Pressure is frequently measured with reference to

text: atmospheric pressure

text: rather than on any absolute scale, relative to complete and perfect

text: vacuum

text: ; it is technologically simpler and cheaper. It may also be more convenient to use relative scales, because, with things like pneumatics and hydraulics, the amount of energy transferred is reduced by the relative "backpressure" of the atmosphere. (e.g.: 15 psi of air in a tank at sea level will become 30 psi in the vacuum of space.) Therefore, with measurements of things like

text: blood pressure

text: or

text: tire pressure

text: , a measurement relative to air pressure is a better indication of "burst pressure" (damage threshold) than an absolute scale. Absolute scales are typically used in science, deep vacuum measurements (where the fluctuating pressure of the atmosphere becomes a nuisance), aeronautics (where precise measurements of the atmosphere are needed to determine altitude), or lighting construction (where the relative pressure of the atmosphere is inconsequential), and are measured in units of "atmospheres" or

text: torr

text: Barometer

text: s do measure

text: absolute pressure

text: by holding a vacuum at the top of the mercury column or one side of a diaphragm, but that vacuum is awkward to achieve and maintain. Thus, while the general public may be familiar with measurements of absolute pressure from weather forecasts, most pressures such as tire pressures and water pressures are measured relative to atmospheric pressure using cheaper and simpler pressure gauges. For this reason, the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure is called

text: gauge pressure

text: and measurements given in units like

text: pounds per square inch

text: (abbreviated lbf/in or psi) are often shown as psig (the "g" standing for gauge) or psia ("a" for absolute).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can be measured with reference to atmospheric pressure rather than on any absolute scale?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a force that can be measured absolutely?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: backpressure

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Absolute

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the natural minimum of pressure?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be measured with relative scales

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: absolute scales

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a force

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the amount of energy transferred by the relative "backpressure" of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: pneumatics and hydraulics

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is a force that can be measured

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: light construction

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the natural minimum of pressure is total vacuum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: deep vacuum measurements

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: absolute scales

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Barometers do measure absolute pressure

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: torr. Barometers

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: pounds per square inch

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: gauge pressure

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gauge pressure and measurements given in units like pounds per square inch

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Barometers do measure absolute pressure

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: pounds per square inch

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: pneumatics and hydraulics,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Barometers do measure absolute pressure

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Pressure

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: pneumatics and hydraulics,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Pressure

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ospheres"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: torr.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "atmospheres" or torr.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheres"

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: torr.

text: The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of A7 III-IV, with the luminosity class of III-IV indicating it shows traits part way between the subgiant and giant star stages of its evolution. It is a Delta Scuti variable with a period of 0.0355 days (51 minutes) and a magnitude change of 0.040. This star is larger than the Sun, with more than double the Sun's radius and 11 times the luminosity. This energy is being radiated into outer space from the atmosphere at an effective temperature of 7,638 K, giving it the white-hued glow of an A-type star.

text: The

text: spectrum

text: of this star matches a

text: stellar classification

text: of A7 III-IV, with the

text: luminosity class

text: of III-IV indicating it shows traits part way between the

text: subgiant

text: and

text: giant star

text: stages of its

text: evolution

text: . It is a

text: Delta Scuti variable

text: with a period of 0.0355 days (51 minutes) and a magnitude change of 0.040. This star is larger than the Sun, with more than double the Sun's radius and 11 times the luminosity. This energy is being radiated into outer space from the

text: atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 7,638 K, giving it the white-hued glow of an

text: A-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is being radiated into outer space from the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of star is this star?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air currents

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: A-type stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated into outer space from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is this star larger than the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true of this star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: A7 III-IV, Delta Scuti variable, or the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: subgiant or giant?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is being radiated into outer space from the atmosphere at an effective temperature of 7,638 K, giving it the white-hued glow of an A-type star

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: This energy is being radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: This energy is being radiated

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is the spectrum of this star?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: white-hued glow of an A-type star

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is being radiated

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: white-hued glow

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: This star is larger than the Sun, with more than double the Sun's radius

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: A-type stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Delta Scuti variable

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: A-type star.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Delta Scuti variable

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 11 times the luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 7,638 K,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Delta Scuti variable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 11 times the luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiated into outer space from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A-type star.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: star matches a stellar classification of A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiated into outer space from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: A7 III-IV,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiated into outer space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: white-hued glow of an A-type star.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere

text: Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy concerned with infrared and Raman spectra of molecules in the gas phase. Transitions involving changes in both vibrational and rotational states can be abbreviated as rovibrational (or ro-vibrational) transitions. When such transitions emit or absorb photons (electromagnetic radiation), the frequency is proportional to the difference in energy levels and can be detected by certain kinds of spectroscopy. Since changes in rotational energy levels are typically much smaller than changes in vibrational energy levels, changes in rotational state are said to give fine structure to the vibrational spectrum. For a given vibrational transition, the same theoretical treatment as for pure rotational spectroscopy gives the rotational quantum numbers, energy levels, and selection rules. In linear and spherical top molecules, rotational lines are found as simple progressions at both higher and lower frequencies relative to the pure vibration frequency. In symmetric top molecules the transitions are classified as parallel when the dipole moment change is parallel to the principal axis of rotation, and perpendicular when the change is perpendicular to that axis. The ro-vibrational spectrum of the asymmetric rotor water is important because of the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere.

text: Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy is a branch of molecular

text: spectroscopy

text: concerned with

text: infrared

text: and

text: Raman spectra

text: of

text: molecule

text: s in the

text: gas phase

text: . Transitions involving changes in both

text: vibrational

text: and

text: rotational

text: states

text: can be abbreviated as rovibrational (or ro-vibrational) transitions. When such transitions emit or absorb

text: photon

text: s (

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: ), the

text: frequency

text: is proportional to the difference in energy levels and can be detected by certain kinds of

text: spectroscopy

text: . Since changes in rotational

text: energy level

text: s are typically much smaller than changes in vibrational energy levels, changes in rotational state are said to give fine structure to the vibrational spectrum. For a given vibrational transition, the same theoretical treatment as for pure

text: rotational spectroscopy

text: gives the rotational

text: quantum number

text: s, energy levels, and

text: selection rule

text: s. In linear and spherical top molecules, rotational lines are found as simple progressions at both higher and lower frequencies relative to the pure vibration frequency. In symmetric top molecules the transitions are classified as parallel when the

text: dipole moment

text: change is parallel to the principal axis of rotation, and perpendicular when the change is perpendicular to that axis. The ro-vibrational spectrum of the asymmetric rotor

text: water

text: is important because of the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: When such transitions emit or absorb photons

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: When such transitions emit or absorb photons, the frequency is proportional to the difference in energy levels

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: rotational lines

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vibrational

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb photons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: changes in rotational energy levels are typically much smaller than changes in vibrational energy levels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: asymmetric top molecules

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: changes in rotational energy levels

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (electromagnetic radiation),

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: water vapor in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: perpendicular

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vibrational spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emit or absorb photons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: changes in rotational energy levels

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: emit or absorb photons

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: changes in rotational energy levels

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: emit or absorb photons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: (electromagnetic radiation),

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: rotational energy levels are typically much smaller than changes in vibrational energy levels,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: asymmetric rotor water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: emit or absorb photons (electromagnetic radiation),

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

text: The digital dividend refers to the radio spectrum which is released in the process of digital television transition.  When television broadcasters switch from analog TV to digital-only platforms, part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been used for broadcasting will be freed-up because digital television needs less spectrum than analog television. One reason is that new digital video compression technology can transmit numerous digital subchannels using the same amount of spectrum used to transmit one analogue TV channel.  However, the primary reason is that digital transmissions require much less of a guard band on either side, since they are not nearly as prone to RF interference from adjacent channels.  Because of this, there is no longer any need to leave empty channels to protect stations from each other,  in turn allowing stations to be repacked into fewer channels, leaving more contiguous spectrum to be allocated for other wireless services.

text: The digital dividend refers to the

text: radio spectrum

text: which is released in the process of

text: digital television transition

text: .  When

text: television broadcast

text: ers switch from

text: analog TV

text: to digital-only platforms, part of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: that has been used for broadcasting will be freed-up because

text: digital television

text: needs less spectrum than analog television. One reason is that new

text: digital video compression

text: technology can transmit numerous

text: digital subchannel

text: s using the same amount of spectrum used to transmit one analogue

text: TV channel

text: .  However, the primary reason is that digital transmissions require much less of a

text: guard band

text: on

text: either side

text: , since they are not nearly as prone to

text: RF interference

text: from

text: adjacent channel

text: s.  Because of this, there is no longer any need to leave

text: empty channels

text: to protect stations from each other,  in turn allowing stations to be repacked into fewer channels, leaving more contiguous spectrum to be

text: allocated

text: for other

text: wireless

text: services.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: RF

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is released in the process of digital television transition?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: digital transmissions require much less of a guard band

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does it occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always sinks to the surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more contiguous

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: digital transmissions require much less of a guard band

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum that has been used for broadcasting

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: digital transmissions require much less of a guard band on either side

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: digital transmissions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the digital dividend

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: RF interference

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: digital television needs less spectrum than analog television.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: digital transmissions require much less of a guard band on either side,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: guard band

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: RF interference

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The digital dividend

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: digital television needs less spectrum than analog television.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The digital dividend

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: no longer any need to leave empty channels to protect stations from each other,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: digital television needs less spectrum than analog television.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: RF

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The digital dividend

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The digital dividend

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: digital television needs less spectrum than analog television.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: RF interference from adjacent channels.

text: As reported by Pat Michaels on his World Climate Report website, MacCracken said during the hearing that "the last decade is the warmest since 1400", implying that the warming had been caused by the greenhouse effect, and replied to Walker's question about whether thermometers had then existed by explaining the use of biological materials as temperature proxies. Michaels showed a version of the graph based on  with the instrumental temperature record curve removed, and argued on the basis of the "raw data" that the large rise in temperatures occurring in the 1920s, "before the greenhouse effect had changed very much", and "there’s actually been a decline since then". He said the Science Committee had been told of this, and of comments by one IPCC reviewer that this was misleading and the text should say "Composite indicators of summer temperature show that a rapid rise occurred around 1920, this rise was prior to the major greenhouse emissions. Since then, composite temperatures have dropped slightly on a decadal scale." Michaels said that the IPCC had not noted this in the agreed text, "instead leaving most readers with the impression that the trees of the Northern Hemisphere had changed their growth rates in response to man’s impact on the atmosphere." He questioned the consensus, as only one reviewer out of 2,500 scientists had noticed this problem.

text: As reported by

text: Pat Michaels

text: on his

text: World Climate Report

text: website, MacCracken said during the hearing that "the last decade is the warmest since 1400", implying that the warming had been caused by the

text: greenhouse effect

text: , and replied to Walker's question about whether thermometers had then existed by explaining the use of biological materials as

text: temperature proxies

text: . Michaels showed a version of the graph based on  with the

text: instrumental temperature record

text: curve removed, and argued on the basis of the "raw data" that the large rise in temperatures occurring in the 1920s, "before the greenhouse effect had changed very much", and "there’s actually been a decline since then". He said the Science Committee had been told of this, and of comments by one IPCC reviewer that this was misleading and the text should say "Composite indicators of summer temperature show that a rapid rise occurred around 1920, this rise was prior to the major greenhouse emissions. Since then, composite temperatures have dropped slightly on a decadal scale." Michaels said that the IPCC had not noted this in the agreed text, "instead leaving most readers with the impression that the trees of the Northern Hemisphere had changed their growth rates in response to man’s impact on the atmosphere." He questioned the consensus, as only one reviewer out of 2,500 scientists had noticed this problem.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Michaels showed a version of the graph

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the greenhouse effect causes more

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Michaels showed a version of the graph

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a decadal scale

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Michaels mean by "the last decade is the warmest since 1400"?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Michaels showed a version of the graph

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the last decade is the warmest since 1400

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: man's impact on the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "the last decade is the warmest since 1400",

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: biological materials

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermometers

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "the last decade is the warmest since 1400",

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "the last decade is the warmest since 1400",

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the trees of the Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 1400",

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermometers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "the last decade is the warmest since 1400",

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 2,500

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse emissions.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "the last decade is the warmest since 1400",

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the trees

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the trees

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biological materials

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the trees of the Northern Hemisphere had changed their growth rates

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Northern Hemisphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere."

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: man’s

text: The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources. Axel Kleidon of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, carried out a "top down" calculation on how much wind energy there is, starting with the incoming solar radiation that drives the winds by creating temperature differences in the atmosphere. He concluded that somewhere between 18 TW and 68 TW could be extracted.

text: The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources. Axel Kleidon of the

text: Max Planck Institute

text: in Germany, carried out a "top down" calculation on how much wind energy there is, starting with the incoming solar radiation that drives the winds by creating temperature differences in the atmosphere. He concluded that somewhere between 18 TW and 68 TW could be extracted.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: create temperature differences in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current: convection, convection, or convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: economically extractable power

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy is extracted from the wind

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: present human power use from all sources

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature differences

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: temperature differences in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 68 TW

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: drives the winds by creating temperature differences in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Axel Kleidon

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: temperature differences

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: temperature differences

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: incoming solar radiation that drives the winds by creating temperature differences in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The total amount of economically extractable power

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: human power use

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: present human power use from all sources.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: winds by creating temperature differences in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: winds

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: incoming solar radiation

text: Cosmic rays hit earth's atmosphere on a regular basis, and they produce showers as they proceed through the atmosphere.  It was from these air showers that the first muons and pions were detected experimentally, and they are used today by a number of experiments as a means of observing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.  Some experiments, like Fly's Eye, have observed the visible atmospheric fluorescence produced at the peak intensity of the shower; others, like Haverah Park experiment, have detected the remains of a shower by sampling the energy deposited over a large area on the ground.

text: Cosmic ray

text: s hit earth's atmosphere on a regular basis, and they produce showers as they proceed through the atmosphere.  It was from these

text: air showers

text: that the first

text: muon

text: s and

text: pion

text: s were detected experimentally, and they are used today by a number of experiments as a means of observing

text: ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

text: s.  Some experiments, like

entity_name: High Resolution Fly's Eye Cosmic Ray Detector

text: Fly's Eye

text: , have observed the visible atmospheric

text: fluorescence

text: produced at the peak intensity of the shower; others, like

text: Haverah Park experiment

text: , have detected the remains of a shower by sampling the energy deposited over a large area on the ground.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do cosmic rays produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air showers

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What is a benefit of working?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the remains of a shower by sampling the energy deposited over a large area on the ground.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air showers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy deposited over a large area on the ground.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: showers

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible atmospheric fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: they produce showers

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: observing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: pions

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy deposited

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Fly's Eye, have observed the visible atmospheric fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atmospheric fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy deposited over a large area on the ground.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Cosmic rays hit earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: showers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Cosmic rays

text: The method of using incineration to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy is a relatively old method of WtE production. Incineration generally entails burning waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial and RDF) to boil water which powers steam generators that make electric energy and heat to be used in homes, businesses, institutions and industries. One problem associated with incinerating MSW to make electrical energy is the potential for pollutants to enter the atmosphere with the flue gases from the boiler.  These pollutants can be acidic and in the 1980s were reported to cause environmental damage by turning rain into acid rain.  Since then, the industry has removed this problem by the use of lime scrubbers and electro-static precipitators on smokestacks.  By passing the smoke through the basic lime scrubbers, any acids that might be in the smoke are neutralized which prevents the acid from reaching the atmosphere and hurting the environment. Many other devices, such as fabric filters, reactors, and catalysts destroy or capture other regulated pollutants. According to the New York Times, modern incineration plants are so clean that "many times more dioxin is now released from home fireplaces and backyard barbecues than from incineration. " According to the German Environmental Ministry, "because of stringent regulations, waste incineration plants are no longer significant in terms of emissions of dioxins, dust, and heavy metals".

text: The method of using incineration to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy is a relatively old method of WtE production. Incineration generally entails burning waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial and RDF) to boil water which powers

text: steam generator

text: s that make electric energy and heat to be used in homes, businesses, institutions and industries. One problem associated with incinerating MSW to make electrical energy is the potential for pollutants to enter the atmosphere with the flue gases from the boiler.  These pollutants can be acidic and in the 1980s were reported to cause environmental damage by turning rain into

text: acid rain

text: .  Since then, the industry has removed this problem by the use of

text: lime scrubber

text: s and electro-static precipitators on smokestacks.  By passing the smoke through the basic lime scrubbers, any acids that might be in the smoke are neutralized which prevents the acid from reaching the atmosphere and hurting the environment. Many other devices, such as fabric filters, reactors, and catalysts destroy or capture other regulated pollutants. According to the New York Times, modern incineration plants are so clean that "many times more dioxin is now released from home fireplaces and backyard barbecues than from incineration. " According to the German Environmental Ministry, "because of stringent regulations, waste incineration plants are no longer significant in terms of emissions of dioxins, dust, and heavy metals".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a problem associated with incinerating MSW to make electrical energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: static precipitation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Which of the following is not a problem associated with incinerating MSW to make electrical energy?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: In the 1980s, what was reported to cause environmental damage?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a problem associated with incinerating MSW to make electrical energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The method of using incineration to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy is a relatively old method of WtE production

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy is produced by burning waste?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: static

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: dioxin

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: dioxin

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electric energy and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: many times more dioxin is now released from home fireplaces and backyard barbecues than from incineration

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Which of the following is not a type of smoke: lime scrubbers, electro-static precipitators or acidic?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: incineration

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Which of the following is not a problem associated with incineration to make electrical energy?

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incineration

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: WtE

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: incineration

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: flue gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electric energy and heat

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: dioxins, dust, and heavy metals".

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electric energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: steam generators

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: dioxin

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electro-static precipitators

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electric energy and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "many times more dioxin is now released from home fireplaces

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: steam generators

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: flue gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: acid rain.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: pollutants to enter the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: pollutants

text: A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum. The word was first used scientifically within the field of optics to describe the rainbow of colors in visible light when separated using a prism. As scientific understanding of light advanced, it came to apply to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

text: A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a

text: continuum

text: . The word was first used scientifically within the field of

text: optics

text: to describe the

text: rainbow

text: of colors in

text: visible light

text: when separated using a

text: prism

text: . As scientific understanding of light advanced, it came to apply to the entire

text: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is not limited to a specific set of values?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can vary infinitely within a continuum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vary within a continuum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is an example of a spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can vary infinitely

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can vary infinitely

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: limited to a specific set of values

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: spectrums

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: a prism.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: it came to apply to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: it came to apply to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: a prism.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: can vary infinitely within a continuum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: continuum.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: continuum.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

text: In addition to the grave effects on human health, these toxins also affect our planet.  These harmful substances have been directly linked to the Earths overall increase in temperature over recent decade’s, which is also referred to as climate change, or global warming.  The emissions that vehicles release are known as fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases.  These gases build up in the atmosphere and act as a blanket preventing the energy from the sun to reflect back into space.  Instead, this energy is getting trapped within our atmosphere increasing the overall temperature of the planet.  This may seem like an insignificant issue, but these small increases continuously offset the natural balance of Earth.  For example, as Tzamkiozis, Ntziachristos, and Samaras wrote about in their article in ‘The Atmospheric Environment’ , PM10 is known to be an absorbing aerosol.  This means that it warms air offsetting atmospheric stability and leading to larger fluctuations in the hydraulic cycle resulting in unnatural climate effects. Even the smallest increases in temperature intensify natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes.  Furthermore, these increasing temperatures have consequential effects on sea levels as the warmer temperatures have been directly correlated with the increased melting of the polar ice caps as well as expansion of seawater from higher temperatures, thus generating an influx of environmental migrants.

text: In addition to the grave effects on human health, these toxins also affect our planet.  These harmful substances have been directly linked to the Earths overall increase in temperature over recent decade’s, which is also referred to as climate change, or global warming.  The emissions that vehicles release are known as

text: fossil fuels

text: that produce

text: greenhouse gases

text: .  These gases build up in the atmosphere and act as a blanket preventing the energy from the sun to reflect back into space.  Instead, this energy is getting trapped within our atmosphere increasing the overall temperature of the planet.  This may seem like an insignificant issue, but these small increases continuously offset the natural balance of Earth.  For example, as Tzamkiozis, Ntziachristos, and Samaras wrote about in their article in

text: ‘The Atmospheric Environment’

text: , PM10 is known to be an absorbing aerosol.  This means that it warms air offsetting atmospheric stability and leading to larger fluctuations in the hydraulic cycle resulting in unnatural climate effects. Even the smallest increases in temperature intensify natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes.  Furthermore, these increasing temperatures have consequential effects on sea levels as the warmer temperatures have been directly correlated with the increased melting of the polar ice caps as well as expansion of seawater from higher temperatures, thus generating an influx of

text: environmental migrants

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an absorbing aerosol: PM10, greenhouse gases, or the sun?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an absorbing aerosol?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hydraulic cycle

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as what?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the overall temperature of the planet

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of PM10?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aerosol?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: in addition to the grave effects on human

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy from the sun to reflect back into space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Reflecting

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: PM10

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hydraulic cycle

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: absorbing aerosol.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: PM10

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: preventing the energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: PM10

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: preventing the energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: preventing the energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: PM10

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydraulic cycle

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: PM10

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hydraulic cycle

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy from the sun to reflect back into space.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

text: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure. When a difference in atmospheric pressure exists, air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area, resulting in winds of various speeds. On a rotating planet, air will also be deflected by the Coriolis effect, except exactly on the equator. Globally, the two major driving factors of large-scale wind patterns (the atmospheric circulation) are the differential heating between the equator and the poles (difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces) and the rotation of the planet. Outside the tropics and aloft from frictional effects of the surface, the large-scale winds tend to approach geostrophic balance. Near the Earth's surface, friction causes the wind to be slower than it would be otherwise. Surface friction also causes winds to blow more inward into low pressure areas.  A new, controversial theory suggests atmospheric gradients are caused by forest induced water condensation resulting in a positive feedback cycle of forests drawing moist air from the coastline.

text: Wind is caused by differences in the

text: atmospheric pressure

text: . When a

text: difference in atmospheric pressure

text: exists, air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area, resulting in winds of various speeds. On a rotating planet, air will also be deflected by the

text: Coriolis effect

text: , except exactly on the equator. Globally, the two major driving factors of large-scale wind patterns (the

text: atmospheric circulation

text: ) are the differential heating between the equator and the poles (difference in absorption of

text: solar energy

text: leading to

text: buoyancy force

text: s) and the

text: rotation of the planet

text: . Outside the tropics and aloft from frictional effects of the surface, the large-scale winds tend to approach

text: geostrophic balance

text: . Near the Earth's surface,

text: friction

text: causes the wind to be slower than it would be otherwise. Surface friction also causes winds to blow more inward into low pressure areas.  A new, controversial theory suggests atmospheric gradients are caused by forest induced water condensation resulting in a positive feedback cycle of forests drawing moist air from the coastline.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure: differential heating between the equator and the poles?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric gradients

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very low energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lead to buoyancy forces

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a driving factor of large-scale wind patterns?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of surface friction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a driving factor of large-scale wind patterns?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What are the two major driving factors of large-scale wind patterns?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the absorption of solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a driving factor of large-scale wind patterns?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Coriolis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of absorption of solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atmospheric gradients are caused by forest induced water condensation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Where does air move from the higher to the lower pressure area?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: buoyancy forces

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: forest induced water condensation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area, resulting in winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: (difference in absorption of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: buoyancy forces)

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: differences in the atmospheric pressure.

text: In atmospheric plasma channel coupling, energy is transferred between two electrodes by electrical conduction through ionized air. When an electric field gradient exists between the two electrodes, exceeding 34 kilovolts per centimeter at sea level atmospheric pressure, an electric arc occurs. This atmospheric dielectric breakdown results in the flow of electric current along a random trajectory through an ionized plasma channel between the two electrodes. An example of this is natural lightning, where one electrode is a virtual point in a cloud and the other is a point on Earth. Laser Induced Plasma Channel (LIPC) research is presently underway using ultrafast lasers to artificially promote development of the plasma channel through the air, directing the electric arc, and guiding the current across a specific path in a controllable manner. The laser energy reduces the atmospheric dielectric breakdown voltage and the air is made less insulating by superheating, which lowers the density (

text: In atmospheric plasma channel coupling, energy is transferred between two electrodes by electrical conduction through ionized air. When an electric field gradient exists between the two electrodes, exceeding 34 kilovolts per centimeter at sea level atmospheric pressure, an electric arc occurs. This atmospheric

text: dielectric breakdown

text: results in the flow of electric current along a random trajectory through an ionized

text: plasma channel

text: between the two electrodes. An example of this is natural lightning, where one electrode is a virtual point in a cloud and the other is a point on Earth. Laser Induced Plasma Channel (LIPC) research is presently underway using ultrafast lasers to artificially promote development of the plasma channel through the air, directing the electric arc, and guiding the current across a specific path in a controllable manner. The laser energy reduces the atmospheric dielectric breakdown voltage and the air is made less insulating by superheating, which lowers the density (

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: superheating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Ultrafast

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which type of light has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: It does not say

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Ultrafast light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Ultrafast light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical conduction and laser energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ionized plasma channel between the two electrodes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric plasma channel coupling

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ionized air

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultrafast lasers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy is transferred between two electrodes

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: density

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: superheating, which lowers the density

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: guiding the current across a specific path in a controllable manner.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy is transferred between two electrodes by electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: In atmospheric plasma channel coupling,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultrafast lasers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: natural lightning,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 34 kilovolts per centimeter

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrical conduction through ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: natural lightning,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ionized air.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: superheating, which lowers the density

text: The three  cells model of the atmosphere attempts to describe the actual flow of the Earth's atmosphere as a whole. It divides the Earth into  the tropical (Hadley cell), mid latitude (Ferrel cell), and polar (polar cell) regions, to describe energy flow and global atmospheric circulation (mass flow). Its fundamental principle is that of balance - the energy that the Earth absorbs from the sun each year is equal to that which it loses to space by radiation. This overall Earth energy balance, however, does not apply in each latitude due to the varying strength of the sun in each "cell" as a result of the tilt of the Earth's axis in relation to its orbit. The result is a circulation of the atmosphere that transports warm air poleward from the tropics and cold air equatorward from the poles. The effect of the three cells is the tendency to even out the heat and moisture in the Earth's atmosphere  around the planet.

text: The three  cells model of the atmosphere attempts to describe the actual flow of the Earth's atmosphere as a whole. It divides the Earth into  the tropical (

text: Hadley cell

text: ), mid latitude (

text: Ferrel cell

text: ), and polar (

text: polar cell

text: ) regions, to describe energy flow and global atmospheric circulation (mass flow). Its fundamental principle is that of balance - the energy that the Earth absorbs from the sun each year is equal to that which it loses to space by radiation. This overall Earth energy balance, however, does not apply in each latitude due to the varying strength of the sun in each "cell" as a result of the tilt of the Earth's axis in relation to its orbit. The result is a circulation of the atmosphere that transports warm air poleward from the tropics and cold air equatorward from the poles. The effect of the three cells is the tendency to even out the heat and moisture in the Earth's atmosphere  around the planet.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a cell: tropical, mid latitude, or polar?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy that the Earth absorbs from the sun each year is equal to that which it loses to space by radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mass flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Polar

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Polar

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The Earth absorbs from the sun each year

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does the three cells model of the atmosphere attempt to describe?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the three cells model of the atmosphere attempt to describe?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the three cells model of the atmosphere attempt to describe?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the Earth absorb from the sun each year?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth absorb energy from the sun each year?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does the three cells model of the atmosphere attempt to describe?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy that the Earth absorbs from the sun each year is equal to that which it loses to space by radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: polar cells

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a circulation of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Earth absorbs

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the tilt of the Earth's axis

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: warm air poleward from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the energy that the Earth absorbs from the sun each year

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cold air equatorward from the poles.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: three cells model

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The three cells model

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: loses to space by radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warm air

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cold air equatorward from the poles.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: poleward

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warm air poleward from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: the energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The three cells model of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The three cells model

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The three cells model

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy flow

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equal to that which it loses to space by radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: warm air poleward from the tropics

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a circulation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: warm air poleward from the tropics

text: Introduced at the same time as the CCL, CCAs are “negotiated agreements between sector industry organisations and the government” whereby “energy-intensive industries can obtain a 65% discount from the CCL, provided they meet challenging targets for improving their energy efficiency or reducing carbon emissions”. This is an interesting example of governing carbon behaviour in a more indirect fashion. The DECC is still the authoritative body, but these voluntary agreements represent their attempt to create an atmosphere where it seen as advantageous to business to manage carbon emissions. They have not done this through traditional regulatory controls, in that they have not imposed this rule upon industry. By instead offering businesses incentives to reduce carbon emissions through a tax reduction, they are enhancing the desire of business sectors to make the choice to become more carbon efficient. The DECC asserts its authority over the process by the imposition of penalties if participating industries do not comply with their agreed targets. It represents the government concerning itself with the outcome of the policy, rather than regulating the entire process.

text: Introduced at the same time as the CCL, CCAs are “negotiated agreements between sector industry organisations and the government” whereby “energy-intensive industries can obtain a 65% discount from the CCL, provided they meet challenging targets for improving their energy efficiency or reducing carbon emissions”. This is an interesting example of governing carbon behaviour in a more indirect fashion. The DECC is still the authoritative body, but these voluntary agreements represent their attempt to create an atmosphere where it seen as advantageous to business to manage carbon emissions. They have not done this through traditional regulatory controls, in that they have not imposed this rule upon industry. By instead offering businesses incentives to reduce carbon emissions through a tax reduction, they are enhancing the desire of business sectors to make the choice to become more carbon efficient. The DECC asserts its authority over the process by the imposition of penalties if participating industries do not comply with their agreed targets. It represents the government concerning itself with the outcome of the policy, rather than regulating the entire process.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of governing carbon behaviour in a more indirect fashion?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: they are enhancing the desire of business sectors to make the choice to become more carbon efficient

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can obtain a 65% discount

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: CCL

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of governing carbon behaviour in a more indirect fashion?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: imposing this rule upon industry

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy-intensive industries

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Introduced at the same time as the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy efficiency or reducing carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: “energy-intensive industries can obtain a 65% discount from the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Introduced at the same time as the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy efficiency or reducing carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: enhancing the desire of business sectors to make the choice to become more carbon efficient.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: tax reduction,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CCAs

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Introduced at the same time as the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Introduced at the same time as the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: “energy-intensive industries can obtain a 65% discount from the CCL,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: CCL,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon emissions”.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon emissions”.

text: SAFIR will study the earliest phases of forming galaxies, stars, and planetary systems at wavelengths where these objects are brightest and which contain a wealth of unique information: from 20 micrometers to one millimeter. Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground because it is absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

text: SAFIR will study the earliest phases of forming galaxies, stars, and planetary systems at

text: wavelength

text: s where these objects are brightest and which contain a wealth of unique information: from 20

text: micrometers

text: to one

text: millimeter

text: . Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground because it is absorbed by moisture in

text: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air currents

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Micrometers

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wavelengths where these objects are brightest

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Moisture in the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of moisture in Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of convection currents: warm air always sinks to the surface in a convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of moisture in Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: micrometers

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: millimeter

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 20 micrometers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: galaxies

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: brightest

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 20 micrometers to one millimeter.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: moisture

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: galaxies,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a wealth of unique information:

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 20 micrometers to one millimeter.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbed by moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: galaxies, stars,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Most of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is not accessible from the ground

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: moisture in Earth's atmosphere.

text: is the virtual temperature of the environment. In many cases, the z-bottom value is the ground and the z-top value is the LFC. CIN is an energy per unit mass and the units of measurement are joules per kilogram (J/kg). CIN is expressed as a negative energy value. CIN values greater than 200 J/kg are sufficient to prevent convection in the atmosphere.

text: is the virtual temperature of the environment. In many cases, the z-bottom value is the ground and the z-top value is the LFC. CIN is an energy per unit mass and the units of measurement are

text: joule

text: s per kilogram (J/kg). CIN is expressed as a negative energy value. CIN values greater than 200 J/kg are sufficient to prevent

text: convection

text: in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the temperature of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: CIN values greater than 200 J/kg

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does convection occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the z-bottom value of the environment?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an example of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is the virtual temperature of the environment

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: joules per kilogram

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CIN and joules

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the z-bottom value is the ground and the z-top value is the LFC

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: CIN values greater than 200 J/kg

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CIN values greater than 200 J/kg

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: CIN values greater than 200 J/kg

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: CIN is an energy per unit mass

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CIN is expressed as a negative energy value.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: LFC.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CIN

text: Energising India (2004) is a short documentary on how India can have energy without polluting the atmosphere. Although about India, this is a German film (since the producers are German, GTZ) and directed by the National Award winning Indian director Jyoti Sarup. This film was premiered in the World Energy Conservation Conference, Germany, in 2004.

text: Energising India (2004) is a

text: short

text: documentary

text: on how

text: India

text: can have energy without

text: polluting

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: . Although about

text: India

text: , this is a

text: German film

text: (since the producers are

text: German

entity_name: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

text: GTZ

text: ) and

text: directed

text: by the

text: National Award

text: winning

text: Indian director

text: Jyoti Sarup

text: . This

text: film

text: was

text: premiered

text: in the

text: World Energy Conservation Conference

text: Germany

text: , in 2004.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Energising India (2004) discuss?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, visible light or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared light, infrared light or infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: pollute the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How would you describe Energising India?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does Energising India (2004) discuss?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Jyoti Sarup

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, blue, or yellow?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: polluting the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a nuclear explosion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in solar energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: polluting

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: World Energy Conservation Conference,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: World Energy Conservation Conference,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Energising India

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy without polluting the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: polluting the atmosphere.

text: In geology, continental drift, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are phenomena that can be explained in terms of energy transformations in the Earth's interior, while meteorological phenomena like wind, rain, hail, snow, lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes are all a result of energy transformations brought about by solar energy on the atmosphere of the planet Earth.

text: In

text: geology

text: continental drift

text: mountain range

text: s,

text: volcano

text: es, and

text: earthquake

text: s are phenomena that can be explained in terms of energy transformations in the Earth's interior, while

text: meteorological

text: phenomena like wind, rain,

text: hail

text: , snow, lightning,

text: tornado

text: es and

text: hurricanes

text: are all a result of energy transformations brought about by

text: solar energy

text: on the

text: atmosphere

text: of the planet Earth.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a result of energy transformations?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a result of energy transformations?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be explained in terms of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be described as what?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be explained in terms of

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transformation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: wind, rain, hail, snow, lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes are all a result of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's interior

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy on the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In geology,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: meteorological phenomena

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tornadoes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: tornadoes and hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: meteorological phenomena

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: In geology,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: meteorological phenomena

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy transformations

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In geology,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lightning,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transformations

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's interior,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: meteorological phenomena

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

text: The primary component is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K3 III. It has expanded to 19 times the radius of the Sun, from which it is radiating 120 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being emitted into outer space from the outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,406 K, giving it the cool orange glow of a K-type star. At an angular separation of 0.53 arcseconds is a magnitude 8.50 companion.

text: The primary component is an

text: evolved

text: giant star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of K3 III. It has expanded to 19 times the radius of the Sun, from which it is radiating 120 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being emitted into outer space from the

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 4,406 K, giving it the cool orange glow of a

text: K-type star

text: . At an

text: angular separation

text: of 0.53

text: arcsecond

text: s is a magnitude 8.50 companion.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: the outer atmosphere or the star?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the primary component?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted into outer space from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the outer atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the energy being emitted into outer space?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: how many times the sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is being emitted into outer space

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: This energy is being emitted into outer space from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction: conduction or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is the cool orange glow of a K-type star?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: it is radiating 120 times the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: emitted

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a cooler orange glow

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The primary component is an evolved giant star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 4,406 K,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: emitted into outer space

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 120 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: giant star

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: angular separation of 0.53 arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 0.53 arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: K3 III.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 120 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: outer space

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 120 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 4,406 K,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: emitted into outer space

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 120 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: K3 III.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: emitted into outer space

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: emitted into outer space from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 4,406 K,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: K3 III.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: emitted into outer space from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 0.53 arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 120 times the Sun's luminosity.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: magnitude 8.50 companion.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: outer atmosphere

text: Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases. Although the burning of biodiesel produces carbon dioxide emissions similar to those from ordinary fossil fuels, the plant feedstock used in the production absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when it grows. Plants absorb carbon dioxide through a process known as photosynthesis which allows it to store energy from sunlight in the form of sugars and starches. After the biomass is converted into biodiesel and burned as fuel the energy and carbon is released again. Some of that energy can be used to power an engine while the carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere.

text: Carbon dioxide

text: is one of the major

text: greenhouse gas

text: es. Although the burning of biodiesel produces carbon dioxide emissions similar to those from ordinary fossil fuels, the

text: plant

text: feedstock used in the production absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when it grows. Plants absorb carbon dioxide through a process known as

text: photosynthesis

text: which allows it to store energy from sunlight in the form of sugars and starches. After the

text: biomass

text: is converted into biodiesel and burned as fuel the energy and carbon is released again. Some of that energy can be used to power an engine while the carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: sugars and starches?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Plants use to store energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy can be used to power an engine

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not true?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is stored in sugars and starches?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sugars and starches

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: burning of biodiesel produces carbon dioxide emissions similar to those from ordinary fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Biodiesel

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: burning

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Plants absorb carbon dioxide through a process known as photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Some of that energy can be used to power an engine

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis which allows it to store energy from sunlight

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: power an engine

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sugars and starches.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: released again.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

text: In February 2001, Neeson performed at the Tour of Duty Encore! concert at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. In August that year the Australian Broadcasting Corporation had featured Doc Neeson and The Angels in episode 4, "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981", of the TV music series, Long Way to the Top, which was an insight into Australian rock 'n' roll. Neeson was interviewed, together with Angus Young (of AC/DC), on starting their careers at pub rock venues. Neeson recalled "[t]he stench would just hit you and the atmosphere was overwhelming, like a real energy built out of the claustrophobia" while Young related "[t]hey would be throwing beer cans and I thought 'just keep moving' and that's how it all started".

text: In February 2001, Neeson performed at the Tour of Duty Encore! concert at the

text: Australian War Memorial

text: in

text: Canberra

text: . In August that year the

text: Australian Broadcasting Corporation

text: had featured Doc Neeson and The Angels in episode 4, "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981", of the TV music series,

text: Long Way to the Top

text: , which was an insight into Australian rock 'n' roll. Neeson was interviewed, together with

text: Angus Young

text: (of AC/DC), on starting their careers at

text: pub rock

text: venues. Neeson recalled "[t]he stench would just hit you and the atmosphere was overwhelming, like a real energy built out of the claustrophobia" while Young related "[t]hey would be throwing beer cans and I thought 'just keep moving' and that's how it all started".

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: claustrophobia, beer cans or energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the stench?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: the stench

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: short and very high

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Neeson?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: How would Neeson feel about the stench?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of Neeson:

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "[t]hey would be throwing beer cans and I thought 'just keep moving'

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: like a real energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or claustrophobia?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How would Neeson feel about the stench?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Angels

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Australian War Memorial

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: throwing beer cans

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: claustrophobia

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 4, "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: stench

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: a real energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: rock 'n' roll.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 4, "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: a real energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: stench

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: In February 2001,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: a real energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 'just keep moving'

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 4, "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: stench

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "Berserk Warriors 1973-1981",

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a real energy built out of the claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Australian War Memorial in Canberra.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: claustrophobia"

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: stench

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: claustrophobia"

text: Due to the extremely large value of the speed of light, c, a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy (for example, the kinetic energy of the fission fragments). This energy (in the form of radiation and heat) carries the missing mass, when it leaves the reaction system (total mass, like total energy, is always conserved). While typical chemical reactions release energies on the order of a few eVs (e.g. the binding energy of the electron to hydrogen is 13.6 eV), nuclear fission reactions typically release energies on the order of hundreds of millions of eVs.

text: Due to the extremely large value of the

text: speed of light

text: , c, a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy (for example, the kinetic energy of the fission fragments). This energy (in the form of radiation and heat) carries the missing mass, when it leaves the reaction system (total mass, like total energy, is always

text: conserved

text: ). While typical chemical reactions release energies on the order of a few

text: eV

text: s (e.g. the binding energy of the electron to hydrogen is 13.6 eV), nuclear fission reactions typically release energies on the order of hundreds of millions of eVs.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What form of energy carries the missing mass?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: eVs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Why is total energy always conserved?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is always conserved

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is always conserved

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the binding energy of the electron to hydrogen?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: nuclear fission

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the binding energy of the electron is 13.6 eV

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carries the missing mass

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat)

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: eVs

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat) carries the missing mass,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Due to the extremely large value of the speed of light,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nuclear fission reactions

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: (total mass, like total energy, is always conserved).

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a few eVs

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation and heat) carries the missing mass,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Due to the extremely large value of the speed of light,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: a few eVs

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Due to the extremely large value of the speed of light,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Due to the extremely large value of the speed of light,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and heat)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: (total mass, like total energy, is always conserved).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: speed of light,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a small decrease in mass is associated with a tremendous release of active energy

text: By the definition of electric potential energy, the potential energy associated with the singled out ion in the ion atmosphere is

text: By the definition of

text: electric potential energy

text: , the potential energy associated with the singled out ion in the ion atmosphere is

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: it is a type of heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It can not travel through air.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to determine the direction of a wave

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: it is a source of heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: because it is too dense

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: When the temperature of a gas is higher than the temperature of a liquid, it has more energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ion atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always sinks to the surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no one can

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored in a cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: It is a color that can be seen in the sky.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen through a microscope

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy of a single ion in the ion atmosphere is

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a pond

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of ion in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: By the definition of electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: By the definition of electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: By the definition of electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electric potential energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electric potential energy,

text: Atmospheric physicists typically divide radiation into solar radiation (emitted by the sun) and terrestrial radiation (emitted by Earth's surface and atmosphere).

text: Atmospheric physicists typically divide radiation into solar radiation (emitted by the sun) and terrestrial radiation (emitted by Earth's surface and atmosphere).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's surface and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a kind of

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: isotope

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar and terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The sun is the source of all energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation (emitted by the sun) and terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation (emitted by the sun) and terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Atmospheric physicists

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Atmospheric physicists

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Atmospheric physicists

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation into solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation into solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's surface and atmosphere).

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: terrestrial radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation (emitted by the sun)

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's surface and atmosphere).

text: This sets sustainable energy apart from other renewable energy terminology such as alternative energy by focusing on the ability of an energy source to continue providing energy. Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment, as long as it is not sufficient to prohibit heavy use of the source for an indefinite amount of time. Sustainable energy is also distinct from low-carbon energy, which is sustainable only in the sense that it does not add to the CO in the atmosphere.

text: This sets sustainable energy apart from other

text: renewable energy

text: terminology such as

text: alternative energy

text: by focusing on the ability of an energy source to continue providing energy. Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment, as long as it is not sufficient to prohibit heavy use of the source for an indefinite amount of time. Sustainable energy is also distinct from

text: low-carbon energy

text: , which is sustainable only in the sense that it does not add to the CO in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy source to continue providing energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can produce some pollution of the environment

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-carbon energy, which is sustainable only in the sense that it does not add to the CO in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: spaceships

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ability of an energy source to continue providing energy.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ability of an energy source to continue providing energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: low-carbon energy,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: low-carbon energy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: sustainable energy apart from other renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ability of an energy source to continue providing energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: low-carbon energy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy source to continue providing energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: low-carbon energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: low-carbon energy,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: This sets sustainable energy apart from other renewable energy terminology such as alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: indefinite amount of time.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: This sets sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy source to continue providing energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Sustainable energy can produce some pollution of the environment,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heavy use of the source for an indefinite amount of time.

text: Increase in population, Economic issues are the some factors which have escalated the energy demand across the world. In developed countries, the growth rate of energy consumption rate is 1.1%/year while in developing countries the energy consumption growth rate approximately 3 time to that of developed countries. Beside this high growth in energy consumption it also causes to increase the production of green house gases to the atmosphere. The increase in demand of energy, limited resource of convention energy sources, hike in conventional fuel prices, global warming are some important factors which Impetus us to adopt energy saving techniques and alternative sources of energy. Building sector consumes one third of world's resources. Building currently shares approximately 40% of energy in most of the countries and are considered among the largest end-use sector. As per International energy agency (IEA) world energy consumption and green house gases level is going to increase rapidly every year. IEA recognize the building sector as one of the most cost effective sector where energy consumption can be reduced . It is estimated that the energy consumption can be reduced to 1509 million tonnes of equivalent (Mtoe) and at the same time it will cause to reduce the green house gases production up to 12.6 gigatonnes(Gt) by 2050. The international energy outlook report reveals that the energy consumption is increasing in each year and the energy increment trends are shown in fig. 1

text: Increase in

text: population

text: Economic issues

text: are the some factors which have escalated the energy demand across the world. In

text: developed countries

text: , the growth rate of energy consumption rate is 1.1%/year while in

text: developing countries

text: the energy consumption growth rate approximately 3 time to that of developed countries. Beside this high growth in energy consumption it also causes to increase the production of

text: green house gases

text: to the

text: atmosphere

text: . The increase in demand of energy, limited resource of convention energy sources, hike in conventional fuel prices,

text: global warming

text: are some important factors which Impetus us to adopt energy saving techniques and alternative sources of energy. Building sector consumes one third of world's resources. Building currently shares approximately 40% of energy in most of the countries and are considered among the largest end-use sector. As per

text: International energy agency

text: (IEA) world energy consumption and green house gases level is going to increase rapidly every year. IEA recognize the building sector as one of the most cost effective sector where energy consumption can be reduced . It is estimated that the energy consumption can be reduced to 1509 million tonnes of equivalent (Mtoe) and at the same time it will cause to reduce the green house gases production up to 12.6 gigatonnes(Gt) by 2050. The international energy outlook report reveals that the energy consumption is increasing in each year and the energy increment trends are shown in fig. 1

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Green house gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following statements about energy is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: (iii)

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Conventional fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The international energy outlook report reveals that the energy consumption is increasing in each year

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high growth in energy consumption

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fig. 1

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Building

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 1.1%/year

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Building

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: fig. 1

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 3 time to that of developed countries.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1.1%/year

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 1.1%/year

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: limited resource of convention energy sources,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Increase in population,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 12.6 gigatonnes(Gt) by 2050.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 1509 million tonnes of equivalent (Mtoe)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Building sector consumes one third of world's resources. Building

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: 1.1%/year

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 1.1%/year

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: alternative sources of energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: reduced.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Increase in population,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: 3 time to that of developed countries.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: green house gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high growth in energy consumption

text: Space-based observatories are telescopes or other instruments that are located in outer space, many in orbit around the Earth. Space telescopes can be used to observe astronomical objects at wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and are thus impossible to observe using ground-based telescopes. The Earth's atmosphere is opaque to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays and is partially opaque to infrared radiation so observations in these portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are best carried out from a location above the atmosphere of our planet. Another advantage of space-based telescopes is that, because of their location above the Earth's atmosphere, their images are free from the effects of atmospheric turbulence that plague ground-based observations. As a result, the angular resolution of space telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope is often much smaller than a ground-based telescope with a similar aperture. However, all these advantages do come with a price. Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes. Due to their location, space telescopes are also extremely difficult to maintain. The Hubble Space Telescope was serviced by the Space Shuttle while many other space telescopes cannot be serviced at all.

text: Space-based observatories are telescopes or other instruments that are located in

text: outer space

text: , many in

text: orbit

text: around the Earth. Space telescopes can be used to observe astronomical objects at wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that cannot penetrate the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: and are thus impossible to observe using ground-based telescopes. The Earth's atmosphere is

text: opaque

text: to

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation,

text: X-rays

text: , and

text: gamma rays

text: and is partially opaque to

text: infrared

text: radiation so observations in these portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are best carried out from a location above the atmosphere of our planet. Another advantage of space-based telescopes is that, because of their location above the Earth's atmosphere, their images are free from the effects of atmospheric turbulence that plague ground-based observations. As a result, the

text: angular resolution

text: of space telescopes such as the

text: Hubble Space Telescope

text: is often much smaller than a ground-based telescope with a similar

text: aperture

text: . However, all these advantages do come with a price. Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes. Due to their location, space telescopes are also extremely difficult to maintain. The Hubble Space Telescope was serviced by the

text: Space Shuttle

text: while many other space telescopes cannot be serviced at all.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's atmosphere be opaque to ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an advantage of space-based telescopes?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of space telescopes?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Hubble Space Telescope was serviced by the Space Shuttle while many other space telescopes cannot be serviced at all

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's atmosphere is opaque to ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an advantage of space-based telescopes?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Hubble Space Telescope was serviced by the Space Shuttle

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric turbulence

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Space telescopes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Earth's atmosphere is opaque to ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmospheric turbulence

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Space telescopes are much more expensive to build than ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Space telescopes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ground-based telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric turbulence

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: angular resolution

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric turbulence

text: In the Solar System, there are also greenhouse effects on Mars, Venus, and Titan. The greenhouse effect on Venus is particularly large because its dense atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide. Titan has an anti-greenhouse effect, in that its atmosphere absorbs solar radiation but is relatively transparent to infrared radiation. Pluto is also colder than would be expected because evaporation of nitrogen cools it.

text: In the

text: Solar System

text: , there are also greenhouse effects on

text: Mars

text: Venus

text: , and

text: Titan

text: . The greenhouse effect on Venus is particularly large because its dense atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide. Titan has an

text: anti-greenhouse effect

text: , in that its atmosphere absorbs solar radiation but is relatively transparent to infrared radiation.

text: Pluto

text: is also colder than would be expected because evaporation of nitrogen cools it.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation: solar, infrared, or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, infrared radiation, or greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Titan's atmosphere absorb?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect: Venus, Mars, or Titan?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse effect: Venus, Mars, or Titan?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: ultraviolet, infrared, or infrared?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar radiation and infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: evaporation of nitrogen cools it.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect on Venus is particularly large because its dense atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The greenhouse effect on Venus

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect on Venus

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: transparent to infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse effects on Mars,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Venus is particularly large because its dense atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effects on Mars, Venus, and Titan. The greenhouse effect on Venus

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: colder than would be expected because evaporation of nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effects

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide.

text: Almost all of the energy that affects Earth's climate is received as radiant energy from the Sun. The planet and its atmosphere absorb and reflect some of the energy, while long-wave energy is radiated back into space. The balance between absorbed and radiated energy determines the average global temperature. Because the atmosphere absorbs some of the re-radiated long-wave energy, the planet is warmer than it would be in the absence of the atmosphere: see greenhouse effect.

text: Almost all of the energy that affects

text: Earth's climate

text: is received as radiant energy from the

text: Sun

text: . The planet and its atmosphere absorb and reflect some of the energy, while

text: long-wave energy is radiated back

text: into space. The balance between absorbed and radiated energy determines the average global temperature. Because the

text: atmosphere

text: absorbs some of the re-radiated long-wave energy, the

text: planet

text: is warmer than it would be in the absence of the

text: atmosphere

text: : see

text: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: the Sun, the atmosphere, or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What determines the average global temperature?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What does the balance between absorbed and radiated energy determine?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated back into space

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the planet warmer than it would be without the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What does the balance between absorbed and radiated energy determine?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why is the planet warmer than it would be without the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is received as radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy that affects Earth's climate?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiant energy and long-wave

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere absorbs some of the re-radiated long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The planet and its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radiant energy from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The planet and its atmosphere absorb and reflect some of the energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warmer than it would be in the absence of the atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy that affects Earth's climate is received as radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy that affects Earth's climate is received as radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The planet and its atmosphere absorb and reflect some of the energy,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: long-wave energy is radiated back into space.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: long-wave energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Almost all

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: long-wave energy is radiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: average global temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiant energy from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere absorbs some of the re-radiated long-wave energy,

text: Because Callisto and Ganymede are structurally similar to Titan, it is unclear why their atmospheres are insignificant relative to Titan's. Nevertheless, the origin of Titan's N via geologically ancient photolysis of accreted and degassed NH, as opposed to degassing of N from accretionary clathrates, may be the key to a correct inference. Had N been released from clathrates, Ar and Ar that are inert primordial isotopes of the Solar System should also be present in the atmosphere, but neither has been detected in significant quantities. The insignificant concentration of Ar and Ar also indicates that the ~40 K temperature required to trap them and N in clathrates did not exist in the Saturnian subnebula. Instead, the temperature may have been higher than 75 K, limiting even the accumulation of NH as hydrates. Temperatures would have been even higher in the Jovian subnebula due to the greater gravitational potential energy release, mass, and proximity to the Sun, greatly reducing the NH inventory accreted by Callisto and Ganymede. The resulting N atmospheres may have been too thin to survive the atmospheric erosion effects that Titan has withstood.

text: Because

text: Callisto

text: and

text: Ganymede

text: are structurally similar to Titan, it is unclear why their atmospheres are insignificant relative to Titan's. Nevertheless, the origin of Titan's N via geologically ancient photolysis of

text: accreted

text: and

text: degassed

text: NH, as opposed to degassing of N from accretionary

text: clathrate

text: s, may be the key to a correct inference. Had N been released from clathrates, Ar and Ar that are

text: inert

text: primordial isotope

text: s of the Solar System should also be present in the atmosphere, but neither has been detected in significant quantities. The insignificant concentration of Ar and Ar also indicates that the ~40 K temperature required to trap them and N in clathrates did not exist in the

text: Saturnian subnebula

text: . Instead, the temperature may have been higher than 75 K, limiting even the accumulation of NH as

text: hydrate

text: s. Temperatures would have been even higher in the

text: Jovian subnebula

text: due to the greater gravitational potential energy release, mass, and proximity to the Sun, greatly reducing the NH inventory accreted by Callisto and Ganymede. The resulting N atmospheres may have been too thin to survive the atmospheric erosion effects that Titan has withstood.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photolysis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does Titan have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric erosion

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be the key to a correct inference

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction happen mainly?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of inert?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: It is unclear why their atmospheres are insignificant relative to Titan's.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photolysis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photolysis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric erosion

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 40 K

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photolysis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Jovian subnebula due to the greater gravitational potential energy release

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Titan's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric erosion effects

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the greater gravitational potential energy release

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photolysis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gravitational potential energy release, mass,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric erosion

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: too thin to survive the atmospheric erosion effects

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: accreted and degassed NH,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greater gravitational potential energy release, mass, and proximity to the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: it is unclear why their atmospheres are insignificant relative to Titan's.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Callisto and Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: gravitational potential energy release,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric erosion

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational potential

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Jovian subnebula

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: NH,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric erosion

text: An aurora, sometimes referred to as a polar light or northern light, is a natural light display in the sky, predominantly seen in the high latitude (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. Auroras are produced when the magnetosphere is sufficiently disturbed by the solar wind that  the trajectories of charged particles in both solar wind and magnetospheric plasma, mainly in the form of electrons and protons,  precipitate them  into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.  The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emits light of varying colour and complexity.   The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.  Precipitating protons generally produce optical emissions as incident hydrogen atoms after gaining electrons from the atmosphere.   Proton auroras are usually observed at lower latitudes. Different aspects of an aurora are elaborated in various sections below.

text: An aurora, sometimes referred to as a polar light or northern light, is a natural

text: light

text: display in the sky, predominantly seen in the high latitude (

text: Arctic

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: ) regions. Auroras are produced when the

text: magnetosphere

text: is sufficiently disturbed by the

text: solar wind

text: that  the trajectories of charged particles in both solar wind and

text: magnetospheric plasma

text: , mainly in the form of electrons and protons,  precipitate them  into the upper atmosphere (

text: thermosphere

text: exosphere

text: ), where their energy is lost.  The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emits light of varying colour and complexity.   The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.  Precipitating protons generally produce optical emissions as incident hydrogen atoms after gaining electrons from the atmosphere.   Proton auroras are usually observed at lower latitudes. Different aspects of an aurora are elaborated in various sections below.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is lost in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum is produced when the magnetosphere is sufficiently disturbed?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Proton

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Auroras are produced when the magnetosphere is sufficiently disturbed by what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Where their energy is lost

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where their energy is lost

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does the ability to do work mean?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are two important greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How is energy lost?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Proton

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Proton

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: their energy is lost

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Auroras

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the trajectories of charged particles

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: An aurora,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere),

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrons and protons,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: aurora,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: varying colour and complexity.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Proton auroras are usually observed at lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere),

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: acceleration imparted

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hydrogen atoms

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons and protons,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Proton auroras are usually observed at lower latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electrons and protons,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: optical emissions as incident hydrogen atoms

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: optical emissions as incident hydrogen atoms

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons and protons,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lost.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere),

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Auroras

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar wind

text: Mean temperatures have increased by  from 1901–2012, which is slightly lower than the global average. Temperatures in the Andean part of Patagonia have increased by more than , which has caused the retreat of almost all of the glaciers. This affects water availability to arid areas of the country that depend on it. Higher temperatures can reduce winter snowfall, causing river flow to decrease (less water available), which can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% had been observed. In the last half of the 20th century, the lack of snow at the highest peaks in the Cuyo region has impacted agriculture and viticulture production due to less water available in the rivers (a reduction in 50% of river flow). Outside of Patagonia, mean temperatures have increased at a smaller rate since the increase in minimum temperatures is counteracted by the decrease in maximum temperatures. The increase in minimum temperatures in much of Argentina outside of Patagonia is attributed to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere while the decrease in maximum temperatures is a consequence of higher precipitation, which is associated with higher cloud coverage and evaporation, processes that tend to reduce maximum temperatures north of 40S. In Patagonia, the increase in mean temperatures is higher than the increase in minimum temperatures and is due to the change in atmospheric circulation, not just only the increase in greenhouse effect. Ozone depletion has played a major role in changing the atmospheric circulation patterns. There has been a decrease in the days with frost, and increases in the number of hot nights throughout the country. Heat waves, which is defined as 3 consecutive days in which the temperature exceeds the 90th percentile with respect to the 1961–1990 period have become more common and intense between 1961–2010.

text: Mean temperatures have increased by  from 1901–2012, which is slightly lower than the global average. Temperatures in the Andean part of

text: Patagonia

text: have increased by more than , which has caused the retreat of almost all of the

text: glaciers

text: . This affects water availability to

text: arid

text: areas of the country that depend on it. Higher temperatures can reduce winter snowfall, causing river flow to decrease (less water available), which can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% had been observed. In the last half of the 20th century, the lack of snow at the highest peaks in the Cuyo region has impacted agriculture and

text: viticulture

text: production due to less water available in the rivers (a reduction in 50% of river flow). Outside of Patagonia, mean temperatures have increased at a smaller rate since the increase in minimum temperatures is counteracted by the decrease in maximum temperatures. The increase in minimum temperatures in much of Argentina outside of Patagonia is attributed to the increase in the concentration of

text: greenhouse gases

text: in the atmosphere while the decrease in maximum temperatures is a consequence of higher precipitation, which is associated with higher cloud coverage and evaporation, processes that tend to reduce maximum temperatures north of 40S. In Patagonia, the increase in mean temperatures is higher than the increase in minimum temperatures and is due to the change in atmospheric circulation, not just only the increase in

text: greenhouse effect

text: Ozone depletion

text: has played a major role in changing the atmospheric circulation patterns. There has been a decrease in the days with frost, and increases in the number of hot nights throughout the country.

text: Heat waves

text: , which is defined as 3 consecutive days in which the temperature exceeds the 90th

text: percentile

text: with respect to the 1961–1990 period have become more common and intense between 1961–2010.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Heat waves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can reduce hydroelectric energy production?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the retreat of almost all of the glaciers?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Heat waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Heat waves are defined as 3 consecutive days in which the temperature exceeds what?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the retreat of almost all of the glaciers?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a consequence of higher precipitation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What has caused the retreat of almost all of the glaciers?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of the increase in minimum temperatures in much of Argentina outside of Patagonia?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: decreased (less water available), which can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% had been observed

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydroelectric energy production

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Heat waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is a greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydroelectric energy production

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: hydroelectric energy production

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric circulation is due to the change in what?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in maximum temperatures

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: higher cloud coverage and evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: higher cloud coverage and evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: hydroelectric energy production;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: hydroelectric energy production;

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydroelectric energy production;

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydroelectric energy production;

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: evaporation,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydroelectric

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: increase in greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric circulation,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Heat waves,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Ozone depletion

text: Haze in Titan's atmosphere contributes to an anti-greenhouse effect by reflecting sunlight back into space, making its surface significantly colder than its upper atmosphere. This partially compensates for the greenhouse warming, and keeps the surface somewhat cooler than would otherwise be expected from the greenhouse effect alone. According to McKay et al., "the anti-greenhouse effect on Titan reduces the surface temperature by 9 K whereas the greenhouse effect increases it by 21 K. The net effect is that the surface temperature (94 K) is 12 K warmer than the effective temperature 82 K. [i.e., the equilibrium that would be reached in the absence of any atmosphere]"

text: Haze

text: in Titan's atmosphere contributes to an

text: anti-greenhouse effect

text: by reflecting sunlight back into space, making its surface significantly colder than its upper atmosphere. This partially compensates for the greenhouse warming, and keeps the surface somewhat cooler than would otherwise be expected from the greenhouse effect alone. According to McKay et al., "the anti-greenhouse effect on Titan reduces the surface temperature by 9 K whereas the greenhouse effect increases it by 21 K. The net effect is that the surface temperature (94 K) is 12 K warmer than the

text: effective temperature

text: 82 K. [i.e., the equilibrium that would be reached in the absence of any atmosphere]"

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the net effect of the anti-greenhouse effect on Titan?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does Titan have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: anti-greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflect sunlight back into space

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the net effect of the greenhouse effect on Titan?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the greenhouse effect increases it by 21 K

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: In the absence of any atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The net effect is that the surface temperature (94 K) is 12 K warmer than the effective temperature 82 K

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the anti-greenhouse effect on Titan contribute to the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the anti-greenhouse effect on Titan reduces the surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Haze

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Haze in Titan

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Haze

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anti-greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: anti-greenhouse effect by reflecting sunlight back into space,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Haze in Titan's

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect increases it by 21 K.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: anti-greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 21 K.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: absence of any atmosphere]"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: anti-greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Haze in Titan's

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere]"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: anti-greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Haze

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the equilibrium that would be reached in the absence of any atmosphere]"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Haze in Titan's

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: anti-greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight

text: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere can be either derived from the two above equilibrium conditions, or independently deduced:

text: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere can be either derived from the two above equilibrium conditions, or independently deduced:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (d).

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The answer: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy equilibrium of the atmosphere can be independently derived

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cold air always sinks to the surface

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be derived from the two above equilibrium conditions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a color?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen as ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy balance of the atmosphere is derived from the two above equilibrium conditions.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in greenhouse gases.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: derived from the two above equilibrium conditions, or independently deduced:

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: derived from the two above equilibrium conditions, or independently deduced:

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy equilibrium of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Energy equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy equilibrium

text: Due to bombardment by extra-dimensional energies, Rambeau can transform herself into any form of energy within the electromagnetic spectrum. Among the many energy forms she has assumed and is able to control are cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, electricity, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos. By assuming an energy-form, she gains all of that energy's properties.

text: Due to bombardment by extra-dimensional energies, Rambeau can transform herself into any form of energy within the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Among the many energy forms she has assumed and is able to control are

text: cosmic ray

text: s,

text: gamma ray

text: s,

text: X-ray

text: s,

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation, visible light, electricity,

text: infrared

text: radiation,

text: microwave

text: s,

text: radio waves

text: , and

text: neutrino

text: s. By assuming an energy-form, she gains all of that energy's properties.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is Rambeau able to control?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does Rambeau gain by assuming an energy-form?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does Rambeau gain all of that energy's properties?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Rambeau gain all of that energy's properties?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Rambeau can transform herself into any form of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: infrared radiation, microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: microwaves, radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwaves, radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy's

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: she gains all of that energy's properties.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet radiation,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light, electricity, infrared radiation, microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Rambeau can transform herself into any form of energy within the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: microwaves, radio waves, and neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation, microwaves,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: bombardment by extra-dimensional energies,

text: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or attack an adversary

text: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or attack an adversary

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be controlled by electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate the skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no relevant information

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does Electronic Warfare support?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does electromagnetic energy originate?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does electronic warfare support

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used in electronic warfare

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be used in electronic warfare

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of electromagnetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Electronic Warfare support?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be used in electronic warfare

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be used in electronic warfare

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Electromagnetic energy is a form of light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic waves emit

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: control the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Electronic Warfare

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Electronic Warfare supports any military action using electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy

text: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies. The electromagnetic spectrum (usually just spectrum) of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by, or absorbed by, that particular object.

text: The

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies. The electromagnetic spectrum (usually just spectrum) of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by, or absorbed by, that particular object.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: what is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: elicit a spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be measured by the ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be absorbed by

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The ultraviolet spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: The proton–proton chain occurs around  times each second in the core, converting about 3.7 protons into alpha particles (helium nuclei) every second (out of a total of ~8.9 free protons in the Sun), or about 6.2 kg/s. Fusing four free protons (hydrogen nuclei) into a single alpha particle (helium nuclei) releases around 0.7% of the fused mass as energy, so the Sun releases energy at the mass–energy conversion rate of 4.26 million metric tons per second, for 384.6 yottawatts (), or 9.192 megatons of TNT per second. Theoretical models of the Sun's interior indicate a power density of approximately 276.5 W/m,<ref>

text: The

text: proton–proton chain

text: occurs around  times each second in the core, converting about 3.7 protons into

text: alpha particle

text: s (helium nuclei) every second (out of a total of ~8.9 free protons in the Sun), or about 6.2 kg/s. Fusing four free

text: proton

text: s (hydrogen nuclei) into a single

text: alpha particle

text: (helium nuclei) releases around 0.7% of the fused mass as energy, so the Sun releases energy at the mass–energy conversion rate of 4.26 million metric tons per second, for 384.6

text: yottawatts

text: (), or 9.192

text: megatons

text: of

text: TNT

text: per second. Theoretical models of the Sun's interior indicate a power density of approximately 276.5 W/m,<ref>

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The proton–proton chain occurs around times

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: yottawatts

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 4.6 million metric tons per second

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does this relate to the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The proton–proton chain occurs around times each second

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: theoretical models of the Sun's interior indicate a power density of approximately 276.5 W/m

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: helium nuclei

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: alpha particles

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: TNT

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun releases energy at the mass–energy conversion rate of 4.26 million metric tons per second

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the core

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The proton–proton chain occurs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun releases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: 3.7 protons into alpha particles

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: yottawatts

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 384.6 yottawatts

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: core,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy, so the Sun releases energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 0.7% of the fused mass as energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: TNT

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 0.7% of the fused mass

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: core,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The proton–proton chain

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 276.5 W/m,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: <unk>8.9 free protons in the Sun),

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun releases energy

text: r.sun computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. This is useful in several areas of solar energy including solar thermal heating and photovoltaics. Several solar parameters are saved in the map history file including:

text: r.sun computes direct (

text: beam

text: diffuse

text: and

text: reflect

text: ed solar irradiation raster maps for given day,

text: latitude

text: , surface and atmospheric conditions. This is useful in several areas of

text: solar energy

text: including

text: solar thermal heating

text: and

text: photovoltaics

text: . Several solar parameters are saved in the map history file including:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy can travel only through matter

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum (ES) is the electromagnetic spectrum of electromagnetic waves.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: context: Light with the least energy is visible light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irradiate

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: description

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are caused by

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: irradiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is useful in several areas of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be defined as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: context: deep purple is part of the ultraviolet spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: wood is a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: photovoltaics is a waste of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: beams

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: direct (beam)

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar thermal heating and photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflected

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: solar thermal heating and photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: r.sun

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar thermal heating and photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy including solar thermal heating and photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: reflected solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar thermal heating

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar irradiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar irradiation

text: Similarly, carbon dioxide absorption bands occur around 1400, 1600 and 2000 nm, but its presence in the Earth's atmosphere accounts for just 26% of the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide gas absorbs energy in some small segments of the thermal infrared spectrum that water vapor misses. This extra absorption within the atmosphere causes the air to warm just a bit more and the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor. This extra water vapor absorption further enhances the Earth’s greenhouse effect.

text: Similarly,

text: carbon dioxide

text: absorption bands occur around 1400, 1600 and 2000 nm, but its presence in the Earth's atmosphere accounts for just 26% of the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide gas absorbs energy in some small segments of the thermal infrared spectrum that water vapor misses. This extra absorption within the atmosphere causes the air to warm just a bit more and the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor. This extra water vapor absorption further enhances the Earth’s greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does carbon dioxide gas absorb energy in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide absorption bands occur around 1600 and 2000 nm?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does carbon dioxide absorb?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth's greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: water vapor absorption further enhances the Earth’s greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: carbon dioxide absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermal infrared spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the warmer the atmosphere the greater its capacity to hold more water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Carbon dioxide gas absorbs energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 1400, 1600 and 2000 nm,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor misses.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

text: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.Models and observations (see figure above, middle) show that greenhouse gas results in warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the troposphere) but cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the stratosphere). Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants has also resulted in a cooling effect in the stratosphere. If the sun was responsible for observed warming, warming of the troposphere at the surface and warming at the top of the stratosphere would be expected as increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen. The stratosphere has a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere so as the temperature of the troposphere cools with altitude, the stratosphere rises with altitude. Hadley cells are the mechanism by which equatorial generated ozone in the tropics (highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere) is moved poleward. Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall.

text: Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.Models and observations (see figure above, middle) show that greenhouse gas results in warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the

text: troposphere

text: ) but cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the

text: stratosphere

text: Depletion

text: of the

text: ozone layer

text: by chemical

text: refrigerant

text: s has also resulted in a cooling effect in the stratosphere. If the sun was responsible for observed warming, warming of the troposphere at the surface and warming at the top of the stratosphere would be expected as increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen. The stratosphere has a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere so as the temperature of the troposphere cools with altitude, the stratosphere rises with altitude.

text: Hadley cells

text: are the mechanism by which equatorial generated ozone in the tropics (highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere) is moved poleward. Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer, dryer conditions in those areas overall.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: UV irradiance

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: UV irradiance in the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: UV irradiance in the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Warm the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of stratosphere: troposphere, stratosphere, or jetstream?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does the stratosphere have a reverse temperature gradient than the troposphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: climate change may widen the Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: jetstream

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is the highest area of UV irradiance in the stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: irradiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the stratosphere rising with altitude

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the troposphere)

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: UV irradiance

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: UV irradiance

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Hadley cells

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: UV irradiance

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the stratosphere).

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the troposphere)

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: sun having caused recent climate change

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar activity

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: warming of the lower atmosphere at the surface (called the troposphere)

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: jetstream

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: jetstream

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: altitude,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the stratosphere rises with altitude.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas

text: An additional difficulty is that red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy as infrared light, whereas plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum. Red dwarfs emit almost no ultraviolet light, which would be a problem, should this kind of light be required for life to exist. Variability in stellar energy output may also have negative impacts on the development of life. Red dwarfs are often covered by starspots, reducing stellar output by as much as 40% for months at a time. At other times, some red dwarfs, called flare stars, can emit gigantic flares, doubling their brightness in minutes. This variability may also make it difficult for life to develop and persist near a red dwarf. It may be possible for a planet orbiting close to a red dwarf to keep its atmosphere even if the star flares. However, more-recent research suggests that these stars may be the source of constant high energy flares and very large magnetic fields, diminishing the possibility of life as we know it. Whether this is a peculiarity of the star under examination or a feature of the entire class remains to be determined.

text: An additional difficulty is that red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy as

text: infrared

text: light, whereas plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum. Red dwarfs emit almost no

text: ultraviolet light

text: , which would be a problem, should this kind of light be required for life to exist. Variability in stellar energy output may also have negative impacts on the development of life. Red dwarfs are often covered by

text: starspot

text: s, reducing stellar output by as much as 40% for months at a time. At other times, some red dwarfs, called

text: flare star

text: s, can emit gigantic flares, doubling their brightness in minutes. This variability may also make it difficult for life to develop and persist near a red dwarf. It may be possible for a planet orbiting close to a red dwarf to keep its atmosphere even if the star flares. However, more-recent research suggests that these stars may be the source of constant high energy flares and very large magnetic fields, diminishing the possibility of life as we know it. Whether this is a peculiarity of the star under examination or a feature of the entire class remains to be determined.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum do plants on Earth capture most of their energy from?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Starspots

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What kind of light is required for life to exist?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have negative impacts on the development of life

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What would be a problem, should this kind of light be required for life to exist?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What kind of light would be required for life to exist?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: diminishing the possibility of life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: starspots

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative impacts on the development of life

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: starspots,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy as infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: negative impacts on the development of life.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: starspots,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy as infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic fields,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet light,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: red dwarfs radiate most of their electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet light,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy as infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: red dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Red dwarfs are often covered by starspots,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: plants on Earth capture most of their energy from the visible spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: red dwarfs

text: The main difference between how high-pressure and low-pressure steam engines work is the source of the force that moves the piston. In Newcomen's and Watt's engines, it is the condensation of the steam that creates most of the pressure difference, causing atmospheric pressure (Newcomen) or low-pressure steam (Watt) to push the piston; the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure. In a high-pressure engine, most of the pressure difference is provided by the high-pressure steam from the boiler; the low-pressure side of the piston may be at atmospheric pressure or, if it is connected to a condenser, this only provides a small proportion of the pressure difference.

text: The main difference between how high-pressure and low-pressure steam engines work is the source of the force that moves the piston. In Newcomen's and Watt's engines, it is the condensation of the steam that creates most of the pressure difference, causing atmospheric pressure (Newcomen) or low-pressure steam (Watt) to push the piston; the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure. In a high-pressure engine, most of the pressure difference is provided by the high-pressure steam from the boiler; the low-pressure side of the piston may be at atmospheric pressure or, if it is connected to a condenser, this only provides a small proportion of the pressure difference.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the source of the force that moves the piston?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of pressure difference: atmospheric pressure, low-pressure steam or condenser?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-pressure

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the internal pressures to never greatly exceed what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the source of the force that moves the piston?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the source of the force that moves the piston?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the source of the force that moves the piston

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does a condenser provide?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the source of the force that moves the piston?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: what is the main difference between how high-pressure and low-pressure steam engines work

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the main difference between how high-pressure and low-pressure steam engines work?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is the term for kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: atmospheric pressure and low-pressure steam

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high-pressure steam engines

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low-pressure steam

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-pressure steam

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: condensation of the steam

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: steam that creates most of the pressure difference, causing atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: force that moves the piston.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a small proportion of the pressure difference.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: steam that creates most of the pressure difference, causing atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: high-pressure steam

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: condensation of the steam

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the internal pressures never greatly exceed atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: condensation of the steam

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: condensation of the steam

text: The energy from the Sun, also called solar energy, is an example of this form of energy conversion. In the Sun, the process of hydrogen fusion converts about 4 million metric tons of solar "matter" per second into light, which is radiated into space, but during this process, although protons change into neutrons, the number of total protons-plus-neutrons does not change. In this system, the radiated light itself (as a system) retains the "missing" mass, which represents 4 million tons per second of electromagnetic radiation, moving into space. Each of the helium nuclei which are formed in the process are less massive than the four protons from they were formed, but (to a good approximation), no particles are destroyed in the process of turning the Sun's nuclear potential energy into light. Instead, the four nucleons in a helium nucleus in the Sun have an average mass that is less than the protons which formed them, and this mass difference (4 million tons/second) is the mass that moves off as sunlight.

text: The energy from the

text: Sun

text: , also called

text: solar energy

text: , is an example of this form of energy conversion. In the

text: Sun

text: , the process of hydrogen fusion converts about 4 million metric tons of solar "matter" per second into light, which is radiated into space, but during this process, although protons change into neutrons, the number of total protons-plus-neutrons does not change. In this system, the radiated light itself (as a system) retains the "missing" mass, which represents 4 million tons per second of electromagnetic radiation, moving into space. Each of the helium nuclei which are formed in the process are less massive than the four protons from they were formed, but (to a good approximation), no particles are destroyed in the process of turning the Sun's nuclear potential energy into light. Instead, the four nucleons in a helium nucleus in the Sun have an average mass that is less than the protons which formed them, and this mass difference (4 million tons/second) is the mass that moves off as sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy conversion?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 4 million tons per second of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy conversion?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy conversion?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is an example of this form of energy conversion

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy conversion?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy conversion?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Hydrogen fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the number of total protons-plus-neutrons does not change

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 4 million tons per second of electromagnetic radiation moving into space

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: 4 million tons per second of electromagnetic radiation moving into space

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy from the Sun, also called solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar "matter"

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The energy from the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no particles are destroyed

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy conversion.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The energy from the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiated into space,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: protons change into neutrons,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The energy from the Sun, also called solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: no particles are destroyed

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The energy from the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight.

text: The combat is similar to Heavy Nova: the player's C.A.M. has an energy level that depletes with every sustained hit. However, the energy level rapidly grows back once the player stops moving and energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move. However, using the C.A.M.'s special attacks or abilities drains the robot's energy level. A unique feature to the game's combat is the Field Trap, an option that allows the player and enemy to be affected by atmospheric conditions in each level; elements such as gravity, fire and ice, when the Field Trap option is on, can slow or stall player/enemy movement.

text: The combat is similar to

text: Heavy Nova

text: : the player's C.A.M. has an energy level that depletes with every sustained hit. However, the energy level rapidly grows back once the player stops moving and energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move. However, using the C.A.M.'s special attacks or abilities drains the robot's energy level. A unique feature to the game's combat is the Field Trap, an option that allows the player and enemy to be affected by atmospheric conditions in each level; elements such as gravity, fire and ice, when the Field Trap option is on, can slow or stall player/enemy movement.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an element: gravity, fire, or ice?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What allows the player and enemy to be affected by atmospheric conditions in each level

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Gravity

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the most energy is infrared light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: slow or stall player/enemy movement?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an element: gravity, fire or ice?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of gravity?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: How does the C.A.M's energy level deplete?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does the C.A.M.'s special attacks or abilities drain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy level

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Gravity

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: gravity, fire and ice?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the C.A.M.'s energy level deplete?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fire and ice

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What does the energy level deplete with every sustained hit?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravity, fire and ice

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Field Trap

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Gravity

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Field Trap

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy level depletes

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: elements such as gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Field Trap,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Heavy Nova:

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: slow or stall player/enemy movement.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Field Trap,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The combat is similar to Heavy Nova:

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hit.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Nova:

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy level that depletes with every sustained hit.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Heavy Nova:

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy level depletion would not result in an inability to move.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gravity, fire and ice,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: slow or stall player/enemy movement.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: hit.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fire and ice,

text: Radiant energy is one of the mechanisms by which energy can enter or leave an open system. Such a system can be man-made, such as a solar energy collector, or natural, such as the Earth's atmosphere. In geophysics, most atmospheric gases, including the greenhouse gases, allow the Sun's short-wavelength radiant energy to pass through to the Earth's surface, heating the ground and oceans. The absorbed solar energy is partly re-emitted as longer wavelength radiation (chiefly infrared radiation), some of which is absorbed by the atmospheric greenhouse gases. Radiant energy is produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion.

text: Radiant energy is one of the mechanisms by which energy can enter or leave an

text: open system

text: . Such a system can be man-made, such as a

text: solar energy

text: collector, or natural, such as the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: . In

text: geophysics

text: , most atmospheric gases, including the

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, allow the Sun's short-wavelength radiant energy to pass through to the Earth's surface, heating the ground and oceans. The absorbed solar energy is partly re-emitted as longer wavelength radiation (chiefly infrared radiation), some of which is absorbed by the atmospheric greenhouse gases. Radiant energy is produced in the sun as a result of

text: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: radiating energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a system: man-made, natural, or natural?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the ground and oceans

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a result of nuclear fusion?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not the result of nuclear fusion?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a way energy can enter or leave an open system?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy can enter or leave an open system

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of system: man-made, natural, or natural

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The absorbed solar energy is partly re-emitted as longer wavelength radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: long-wavelength radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The absorbed solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: longer wavelength radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nuclear fusion.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared radiation),

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longer wavelength radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating the ground and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: most atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Sun's short-wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: most atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy can enter or leave an open system.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy can enter or leave an open system.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heating the ground and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: short-wavelength radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: nuclear fusion.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere. In geophysics, most atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heating the ground and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gases,

text: Carbon can leave the geosphere in several ways. Carbon dioxide is released during the metamorphosis of carbonate rocks when they are subducted into the earth's mantle. This carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere and ocean through volcanoes and hotspots. It can also be removed by humans through the direct extraction of kerogens in the form of fossil fuels. After extraction, fossil fuels are burned to release energy, thus emitting the carbon they store into the atmosphere.

text: Carbon can leave the geosphere in several ways. Carbon dioxide is released during the

text: metamorphosis

text: of carbonate rocks when they are

text: subducted

text: into the earth's mantle. This carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere and ocean through

text: volcanoes

text: and

text: hotspots

text: . It can also be removed by humans through the direct extraction of kerogens in the form of

text: fossil fuels

text: . After extraction, fossil fuels are burned to release energy, thus emitting the carbon they store into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of carbon dioxide: volcanoes, hotspots or humans?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: hotspots

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide be released into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of fossil fuels?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What do fossil fuels release?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fossil fuels are burned to release energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hotspots

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hotspots

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fossil fuels are burned to release energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Carbon can leave the geosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere and ocean through volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: released into the atmosphere and ocean through volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: fossil fuels are burned to release energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: carbon they store into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: volcanoes and hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: hotspots.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans

text: In 1494, Christopher Columbus experienced a tropical cyclone, which led to the first written European account of a hurricane. In 1686, Edmund Halley presented a systematic study of the trade winds and monsoons and identified solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions. In 1735, an ideal explanation of global circulation through study of the trade winds was written by George Hadley. In 1743, when Benjamin Franklin was prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a hurricane, he decided that cyclones move in a contrary manner to the winds at their periphery. Understanding the kinematics of how exactly the rotation of the Earth affects airflow was partial at first. Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis published a paper in 1835 on the energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels. In 1856, William Ferrel proposed the existence of a circulation cell in the mid-latitudes, and the air within deflected by the Coriolis force resulting in the prevailing westerly winds. Late in the 19th century, the motion of air masses along isobars was understood to be the result of the large-scale interaction of the pressure gradient force and the deflecting force. By 1912, this deflecting force was named the Coriolis effect. Just after World War I, a group of meteorologists in Norway led by Vilhelm Bjerknes developed the Norwegian cyclone model that explains the generation, intensification and ultimate decay (the life cycle) of mid-latitude cyclones, and introduced the idea of fronts, that is, sharply defined boundaries between air masses. The group included Carl-Gustaf Rossby (who was the first to explain the large scale atmospheric flow in terms of fluid dynamics), Tor Bergeron (who first determined how rain forms) and Jacob Bjerknes.

text: In 1494,

text: Christopher Columbus

text: experienced a tropical cyclone, which led to the first written European account of a hurricane. In 1686,

text: Edmund Halley

text: presented a systematic study of the

text: trade winds

text: and

text: monsoon

text: s and identified solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions. In 1735, an ideal explanation of

text: global circulation

text: through study of the

text: trade winds

text: was written by

text: George Hadley

text: . In 1743, when

text: Benjamin Franklin

text: was prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a

text: hurricane

text: , he decided that cyclones move in a contrary manner to the winds at their periphery. Understanding the kinematics of how exactly the rotation of the Earth affects airflow was partial at first. Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis published a paper in 1835 on the energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels. In 1856,

text: William Ferrel

text: proposed the existence of a

text: circulation cell

text: in the mid-latitudes, and the air within deflected by the Coriolis force resulting in the prevailing westerly winds. Late in the 19th century, the motion of air masses along

text: isobar

text: s was understood to be the result of the large-scale interaction of the

text: pressure gradient force

text: and the deflecting force. By 1912, this deflecting force was named the Coriolis effect. Just after World War I, a group of meteorologists in Norway led by

text: Vilhelm Bjerknes

text: developed the

text: Norwegian cyclone model

text: that explains the generation, intensification and ultimate decay (the life cycle) of

text: mid-latitude cyclones

text: , and introduced the idea of

text: fronts

text: , that is, sharply defined boundaries between

text: air mass

text: es. The group included

text: Carl-Gustaf Rossby

text: (who was the first to explain the large scale atmospheric flow in terms of

text: fluid dynamics

text: Tor Bergeron

text: (who first determined how rain forms) and

text: Jacob Bjerknes

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a machine with rotating parts, such as waterwheels?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of atmospheric motions: solar heating, pressure gradient force or pressure gradient force?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Coriolis effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Coriolis effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, Coriolis effect, or wind?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause atmospheric motions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, Edmund Halley presented a systematic study of the trade winds and monsoons or Benjamin Franklin was prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a hurricane?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which happened first, William Ferrel proposed the existence of a circulation cell in the mid-latitudes or William Ferrel proposed the existence of a circulation cell in the mid-latitudes?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, Christopher Columbus experienced a tropical cyclone or Benjamin Franklin was prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a hurricane

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which happened first, the discovery of the greenhouse effect or the discovery of the Coriolis effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not the cause of atmospheric motions: solar heating, pressure gradient force or the deflecting force?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis published a paper

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gaspard-gustave coriolis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Coriolis effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which happened first, the discovery of the Coriolis effect or the discovery of fronts?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Coriolis effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: red, orange, yellow, or blue?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which event happened first, the first written European account of a hurricane or the discovery of the Coriolis effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gaspard-gustave coriolis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: a lunar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: waterwheels and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy yield of machines with rotating parts

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: rotating parts

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric motions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy yield of machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy yield of machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: rotating parts, such as waterwheels.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Coriolis effect.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lunar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy yield of machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lunar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy yield of machines with rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air masses along isobars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: rotating parts,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar heating

text: The solar constant is the amount of power that the Sun deposits per unit area that is directly exposed to sunlight. The solar constant is equal to approximately  (watts per square meter) at a distance of one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun (that is, on or near Earth). Sunlight on the surface of Earth is attenuated by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at the surface (closer to ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith. Sunlight at the top of Earth's atmosphere is composed (by total energy) of about 50% infrared light, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet light. The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet, especially at the shorter wavelengths. Solar ultraviolet radiation ionizes Earth's dayside upper atmosphere, creating the electrically conducting ionosphere.

text: The

text: solar constant

text: is the amount of power that the Sun deposits per unit area that is directly exposed to sunlight. The solar constant is equal to approximately  (watts per square meter) at a distance of one

text: astronomical unit

text: (AU) from the Sun (that is, on or near Earth). Sunlight on the surface of Earth is

text: attenuated

text: by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at the surface (closer to ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the

text: zenith

text: . Sunlight at the top of Earth's atmosphere is composed (by total energy) of about 50% infrared light, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet light. The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet, especially at the shorter wavelengths. Solar

text: ultraviolet radiation

text: ionizes Earth's dayside upper atmosphere, creating the electrically conducting

text: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the ionosphere contain?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, ultraviolet light, or ultraviolet light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Attenuated by Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the ionosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the solar constant?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the amount of power that the Sun deposits per unit area that is directly exposed to sunlight

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a watt?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrically conducting

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a type of spectrum: ultraviolet, infrared, or visible?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood affect the solar constant?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Infrared light

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: less power arrives at the surface (closer to ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: less power arriving at the surface when the Sun is near the zenith

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70%

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ) in clear conditions when the Sun is near the zenith.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Sun is near the zenith.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: power

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ultraviolet, especially at the shorter wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrically conducting ionosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: attenuated by Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: shorter wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light. The atmosphere in particular filters out over 70% of solar ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared light, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet light.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The solar constant

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: less power

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's atmosphere,

text: These are treated as being inexhaustible because most derive ultimately from energy emanating from the sun, which has an estimated life of 6.5 billion years.

text: These are treated as being inexhaustible because most derive ultimately from energy emanating from the sun, which has an estimated life of 6.5 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be used to heat a building

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be absorbed by a reflective surface

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The sun is the only source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of energy available

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun's heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 6.5 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 6.5 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 6.5 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: These are treated as being inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy emanating from the sun,

text: Examples of mitigation include phasing out fossil fuels by switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.

text: Examples of mitigation include

text: phasing out fossil fuels

text: by switching to

text: low-carbon energy

text: sources, such as

text: renewable

text: and

text: nuclear energy

text: , and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of

text: carbon dioxide

text: from the atmosphere.

text: Energy efficiency

text: may also play a role, for example, through improving the

text: insulation of buildings

text: . Another approach to climate change mitigation is

text: climate engineering

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy does carbon dioxide emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-carbon

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of mitigation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: renewable and nuclear energy, or wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable and nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fossil fuels are the only energy source

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: forests and other "sinks"

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: renewable and nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: improving the insulation of buildings.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: improving the insulation of buildings.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: expanding forests and other "sinks"

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: low-carbon energy sources,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: expanding forests

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: climate engineering.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: renewable and nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: expanding forests and other "sinks"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable and nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

text: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere. Since emission of infrared radiation varies with temperature, longwave radiation escaping to space from the relatively cold upper atmosphere is less than that emitted toward the ground from the lower atmosphere. Thus, the strength of the greenhouse effect depends on the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with height. Both theory and climate models indicate that global warming will reduce the rate of temperature decrease with height, producing a negative lapse rate feedback that weakens the greenhouse effect. Measurements of the rate of temperature change with height are very sensitive to small errors in observations, making it difficult to establish whether the models agree with observations.

text: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the

text: troposphere

text: . Since emission of infrared radiation varies with temperature,

text: longwave radiation

text: escaping to space from the relatively cold upper atmosphere is less than that emitted toward the ground from the lower atmosphere. Thus, the strength of the greenhouse effect depends on the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with height. Both theory and climate models indicate that global warming will reduce the rate of temperature decrease with height, producing a negative lapse rate feedback that weakens the greenhouse effect. Measurements of the rate of temperature change with height are very sensitive to small errors in observations, making it difficult to establish whether the models agree with observations.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lapse rate feedback

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is infrared radiation?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longwave radiation escaping to space

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted toward the ground from the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: global warming will reduce the rate of temperature decrease with height

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation varies with temperature, longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: longwave radiation escaping to space

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: emission of infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect depends on the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with height.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: negative lapse rate feedback

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: emission of infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: emission of infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with height.

text: Though not fully elaborated, Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum. This power gives Triumph what he calls "360 degree hyper senses," or what could be described as a form of electromagnetic psychometry, which allowed him to perceive and to interpret the entire electromagnetic spectrum. With this ability Triumph could "hear" TV and radio signals and decode satellite transmissions. Triumph also displayed advanced electromagnetic energy manipulation; Superman even remarked that Triumph could kill Superman himself by cutting off the solar energy from Superman's cells to the rest of his body.

text: Though not fully elaborated, Triumph's powers were said to be control over the

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum. This power gives Triumph what he calls "360 degree hyper senses," or what could be described as a form of electromagnetic

text: psychometry

text: , which allowed him to perceive and to interpret the entire electromagnetic spectrum. With this ability Triumph could "hear"

text: TV

text: and

text: radio

text: signals and decode satellite transmissions. Triumph also displayed advanced electromagnetic energy manipulation;

text: Superman

text: even remarked that Triumph could kill Superman himself by cutting off the

text: solar energy

text: from Superman's

text: cells

text: to the rest of his body.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic psychometry

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did Triumph have control over?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 360 degree hyper senses

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Superman's cells

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: warm, cold, or neutral?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic psychometry, or what could be described as a form of electromagnetic psychometry?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the sentence "energy cannot be created or destroyed" mean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: With this ability Triumph could "hear" TV and radio signals

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy manipulation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy manipulation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic psychometry: electromagnetic psychometry, electromagnetic psychometry or electromagnetic psychometry?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: satellite transmissions

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Superman even remarked that Triumph could kill Superman himself by cutting off the solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellite

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Superman being able to kill himself

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Superman's cells

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "360 degree hyper senses,"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "360 degree hyper senses,"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic psychometry,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Superman's cells to the rest of his body.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Triumph could kill Superman himself by cutting off the solar energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: decode satellite transmissions.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: "360 degree hyper senses,"

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Triumph could kill Superman himself by cutting off the solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Triumph's powers were said to be control over the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: satellite transmissions.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Triumph could kill Superman himself

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

text: There are several reasons to expect that climate changes, from whatever cause, may be enhanced in the Arctic, relative to the mid-latitudes and tropics. First, is the ice-albedo feedback, whereby an initial warming causes snow and ice to melt, exposing darker surfaces that absorb more sunlight, leading to more warming. Second, because colder air holds less water vapour than warmer air, in the Arctic, a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming the atmosphere, whereas in the tropics, a greater fraction goes into evaporation. Third, because the Arctic temperature structure inhibits vertical air motions, the depth of the atmospheric layer that has to warm in order to cause warming of near-surface air is much shallower in the Arctic than in the tropics. Fourth, a reduction in sea-ice extent will lead to more energy being transferred from the warm ocean to the atmosphere, enhancing the warming. Finally, changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns caused by a global temperature change may cause more heat to be transferred to the Arctic, enhancing Arctic warming (ACIA 2004).

text: There are several reasons to expect that climate changes, from whatever cause, may be enhanced in the Arctic, relative to the mid-latitudes and tropics. First, is the ice-albedo feedback, whereby an initial warming causes snow and ice to melt, exposing darker surfaces that absorb more sunlight, leading to more warming. Second, because colder air holds less water vapour than warmer air, in the Arctic, a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming the atmosphere, whereas in the tropics, a greater fraction goes into evaporation. Third, because the Arctic temperature structure inhibits vertical air motions, the depth of the atmospheric layer that has to warm in order to cause warming of near-surface air is much shallower in the Arctic than in the tropics. Fourth, a reduction in sea-ice extent will lead to more energy being transferred from the warm ocean to the atmosphere, enhancing the warming. Finally, changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns caused by a global temperature change may cause more heat to be transferred to the Arctic, enhancing Arctic warming (ACIA 2004).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate changes in the Arctic?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: a reduction in sea-ice extent

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vertical air motions

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the Arctic?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: a reduction in sea-ice extent

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Arctic temperature structure inhibits vertical air motions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: colder air holds less water vapour

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the smallest particle in the universe?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ice-albedo feedback

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation absorbed by the surface

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a greater fraction goes into evaporation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Arctic

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Arctic warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: an initial warming causes snow and ice to melt

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: warm ocean to the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Arctic temperature structure inhibits vertical air motions,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warming the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: evaporation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: colder air holds less water vapour

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the depth of the atmospheric layer

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: colder air holds less water vapour than warmer air,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: exposing darker surfaces that absorb more sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: evaporation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: vertical air motions,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: colder air holds less water vapour

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: warm ocean to the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorb more sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: increase in radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: warming.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy being transferred from the warm ocean to the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: evaporation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: vertical air motions,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: warm ocean

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: more warming.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ice-albedo feedback,

text: Carbon dioxide is one of several heat-trapping greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans (anthropogenic GHGs). The scientific consensus is that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are the primary cause of global warming, and that carbon dioxide is the most important of the anthropogenic GHGs. Worldwide, 27 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide are produced by human activity annually. The physical effect of CO in the atmosphere can be measured as a change in the Earth-atmosphere system's energy balance – the radiative forcing of CO. Carbon taxes are one of the policies available to governments to reduce GHG emissions.

text: Carbon dioxide is one of several heat-trapping

text: greenhouse gas

text: es (GHGs) emitted by humans (anthropogenic GHGs). The

text: scientific consensus

text: is that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are the primary

text: cause of global warming

text: , and that carbon dioxide is the most important of the anthropogenic GHGs. Worldwide, 27 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide are produced by human activity annually. The physical effect of CO in the atmosphere can be measured as a change in the Earth-atmosphere system's energy balance – the

text: radiative forcing

text: of CO. Carbon taxes are one of the policies available to governments to reduce GHG emissions.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the most important of the anthropogenic GHGs?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is one of the policies available to governments to reduce GHG emissions?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide be emitted by humans

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the physical effect of CO in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy balance?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the most important of the anthropogenic GHGs?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the physical effect of CO in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the most important of the anthropogenic GHGs?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the physical effect of CO in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the primary cause of global warming?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: GHGs

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth-atmosphere system's energy balance

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: humans emit

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by humans

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Carbon dioxide is one of several heat-trapping greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy balance

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Carbon taxes

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy balance

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the radiative forcing of CO.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans

text: Without the inclusion of clouds, water vapor alone contributes 36% to 70% of the greenhouse effect on Earth.  When water vapor and clouds are considered together, the contribution is 66% to 85%. The ranges come about because there are two ways to compute the influence of water vapor and clouds: the lower bounds are the reduction in the greenhouse effect if water vapor and clouds are removed from the atmosphere leaving all other greenhouse gases unchanged, while the upper bounds are the greenhouse effect introduced if water vapor and clouds are added to an atmosphere with no other greenhouse gases. The two values differ because of overlap in the absorption and emission by the various greenhouse gases.  Trapping of the long-wave radiation due to the presence of clouds reduces the radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases compared to the clear-sky forcing. However, the magnitude of the effect due to clouds varies for different greenhouse gases. Relative to clear skies, clouds reduce the global mean radiative forcing due to CO by about 15%, that due to CH and NO by about 20%, and that due to the halocarbons by up to 30%. Clouds remain one of the largest uncertainties in future projections of climate change by global climate models, owing to the physical complexity of cloud processes and the small scale of individual clouds relative to the size of the model computational grid.

text: Without the inclusion of clouds, water vapor alone contributes 36% to 70% of the greenhouse effect on Earth.  When water vapor and clouds are considered together, the contribution is 66% to 85%. The ranges come about because there are two ways to compute the influence of water vapor and clouds: the lower bounds are the reduction in the greenhouse effect if water vapor and clouds are removed from the atmosphere leaving all other greenhouse gases unchanged, while the upper bounds are the greenhouse effect introduced if water vapor and clouds are added to an atmosphere with no other greenhouse gases. The two values differ because of overlap in the absorption and emission by the various greenhouse gases.  Trapping of the long-wave radiation due to the presence of clouds reduces the radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases compared to the clear-sky forcing. However, the magnitude of the effect due to clouds varies for different greenhouse gases. Relative to clear

text: skies

text: , clouds reduce the global mean radiative forcing due to

text: CO

text: by about 15%, that due to

text: CH

text: and

text: NO

text: by about 20%, and that due to the

text: halocarbon

text: s by up to 30%. Clouds remain one of the largest uncertainties in future projections of climate change by global climate models, owing to the physical complexity of cloud processes and the small scale of individual clouds relative to the size of the model computational grid.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: without the inclusion of clouds

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of long-wave radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds reduce?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: without the inclusion of clouds

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Trapping of the long-wave radiation due to the presence of clouds reduces the radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: water vapor and clouds?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to the greenhouse effect on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: clear-sky

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor and clouds

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: clouds are removed from the atmosphere leaving all other greenhouse gases unchanged

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: without the inclusion of clouds

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Without the inclusion of clouds,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: clouds,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Trapping of the long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 36% to 70% of the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Trapping of the long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: model computational grid.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small scale of individual clouds relative to the size of the model computational grid.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CO by about 15%,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: water vapor and clouds are removed from the atmosphere leaving all other greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: clouds reduces the radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

text: The fourth section, Climate and Carbon, lays out in six chapters the history of climate science from the “discovery” of the atmosphere in the late 18th Century and of the “ice age” in the early 19th century to its current central role in energy policy and debate. New Energies, the fifth section, focuses on the “rebirth of renewables” and the role of energy efficiency. The final section, The Road to the Future describes the evolution of personal mobility and the growing global demand for automobiles. Yergin covers the topics of 3rd and 4th generation biofuels, hydrogen fuel cells, natural gas vehicles, and what he calls “round two in the race between gasoline and the electric car.” The book concludes with a discussion of the impact of the “globalization of innovation” on future energy supplies.

text: The fourth section, Climate and Carbon, lays out in six chapters the history of climate science from the “discovery” of the

text: atmosphere

text: in the late 18th Century and of the “ice age” in the early 19th century to its current central role in

text: energy policy

text: and debate. New Energies, the fifth section, focuses on the “rebirth of

text: renewables

text: ” and the role of

text: energy efficiency

text: . The final section, The Road to the Future describes the evolution of personal mobility and the growing global demand for

text: automobiles

text: . Yergin covers the topics of 3rd and 4th generation

text: biofuels

text: hydrogen fuel cells

text: natural gas vehicles

text: , and what he calls “round two in the race between

text: gasoline

text: and the

text: electric car

text: .” The book concludes with a discussion of the impact of the “

text: globalization

text: of innovation” on future energy supplies.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable energy source: hydrogen fuel cells, natural gas vehicles, or the electric car?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Yergin refer to as the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Road to the Future

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The Road to the Future

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Globalization of innovation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel cell: hydrogen fuel cells, natural gas vehicles, or the electric car?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the last section of the book?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the last section of the book?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: biofuels, hydrogen fuel cells, natural gas vehicles, or globalization of innovation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Road to the Future describes the evolution of personal mobility

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Yergin covers the topics of what?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric car

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Yergin call "round two in the race between gasoline and the electric car?"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Yergin

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biofuels, hydrogen fuel cells

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: globalization of innovation” on future energy supplies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hydrogen fuel cells

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: “ice age” in the early 19th century

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: hydrogen fuel cells,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: personal mobility

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydrogen fuel cells,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Climate and Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Carbon,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: “ice age”

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon,

text: Channels are available in several frequency ranges to suit the users' requirements for propagation and protection from interference. The electromagnetic spectrum between approximately 450 and 470 MHz is used largely for UHF business communications, although this spectrum is not exclusively for business use. In some large metropolitan areas, such as New York, the UHF-T band (between 470 and 512 MHz) is also used, due to congestion on the standard VHF or UHF bands. There are also a number of specific frequencies, in both the VHF and UHF spectrum, that are for business use; some of these have color-coded names, such as Blue Dot or Red Star.

text: Channels are available in several frequency ranges to suit the users' requirements for

text: propagation

text: and protection from interference. The

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: between approximately 450 and 470

text: MHz

text: is used largely for UHF business communications, although this spectrum is not exclusively for business use. In some large metropolitan areas, such as New York, the UHF-T band (between 470 and 512 MHz) is also used, due to congestion on the standard VHF or UHF bands. There are also a number of specific frequencies, in both the VHF and UHF spectrum, that are for business use; some of these have color-coded names, such as Blue Dot or Red Star.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is used largely for UHF business communications?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: VHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: interfere with UHF business communications

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Channels are available in several frequency ranges to suit the users' requirements

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not used largely for UHF business communications?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 450 and 470 MHz is used largely for UHF business communications

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: UHF-T band

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: UHF business communications

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: UHF-T band

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Channels are available in several frequency ranges

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: propagation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum between approximately 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum between approximately 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: propagation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: interference.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Channels are available in several frequency ranges

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Channels are available in several frequency ranges

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Channels are available in several frequency ranges

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: propagation and protection from interference.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: MHz

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum between approximately 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Blue Dot or Red Star.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum between approximately 450 and 470 MHz

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: UHF-T band

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: interference.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: interference. The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: interference. The electromagnetic spectrum

text: . When the adsorbate sticks to a metal surface imaginary dipoles occur as shown in the figure on the right. Hence for an adsorbed dipole normal to the surface the dipole moment “seen” from the vacuum doubles. Whereas the dipole moment of a parallel to the surface adsorbed dipole vanishes. Hence an incident electron can excite the adsorbed dipole only when it is adsorbed normal to the surface and the vibrational mode can be detected in the energy loss spectrum. If the dipole is adsorbed parallel then no energy losses will be detected and the vibrational modes of the dipole are missing in the energy loss spectrum.

text: . When the adsorbate sticks to a metal surface imaginary dipoles occur as shown in the figure on the right. Hence for an adsorbed dipole normal to the surface the dipole moment “seen” from the vacuum doubles. Whereas the dipole moment of a parallel to the surface adsorbed dipole vanishes. Hence an incident electron can excite the adsorbed dipole only when it is adsorbed normal to the surface and the vibrational mode can be detected in the energy loss spectrum. If the dipole is adsorbed parallel then no energy losses will be detected and the vibrational modes of the dipole are missing in the energy loss spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: vibrational modes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Electrons can be used to excite adsorbate.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Vibration

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electrons and vibrations

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: parallel to the surface adsorbed dipole vanishes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a change in the density of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: adsorbate sticking to a metal

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: normal to the surface

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy loss

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy loss spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: imaginary dipoles

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: imaginary dipoles

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy loss spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: parallel to the surface adsorbed dipole vanishes.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electron can excite the adsorbed dipole

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: When the adsorbate

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy loss spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the vibrational mode can be detected in the energy loss spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When the adsorbate

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: vacuum doubles.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: vacuum doubles.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: If the dipole is adsorbed parallel

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: When the adsorbate sticks to a metal surface

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electron

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: imaginary dipoles

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: parallel to the surface adsorbed dipole vanishes.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: adsorbate

text: Other familiar types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical energy, which is stored and released from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons, and the molecules or atomic nuclei that attract them. .

text: Other familiar types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is

text: mechanical energy

text: which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical energy, which is stored and released from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons, and the molecules or atomic nuclei that attract them. .

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential and kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: mechanical energy is the sum of macroscopic kinetic and potential energy in a system

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: reaches the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of chemical energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Elastic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: chemical energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Elastic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: chemical energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electrical potential energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemical energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Elastic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: kinetic and potential energy in a system.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: mechanical energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: chemical energy,

text: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes are potent greenhouse gases, in part due to their very long atmospheric lifetime. Their use is covered by the Kyoto Protocol.

text: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes are potent

text: greenhouse gases

text: , in part due to their very long atmospheric lifetime. Their use is covered by the

text: Kyoto Protocol

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for a gas that has a very long lifetime?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does the Kyoto Protocol cover their use

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel: wood or perfluoroalkanes?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: low-boiling perfluoroalkanes are potent greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: releasing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heats the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: potent greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Kyoto Protocol.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Low-boiling perfluoroalkanes

text: The renewable energy from the sun, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energies are based on renewable resources. Renewable resources such as the movement of water (hydropower, tidal power and wave power), wind and radiant energy from geothermal heat (used for geothermal power) and solar energy (used for solar power) are practically infinite and cannot be depleted, unlike their non-renewable counterparts, which are likely to run out if not used sparingly.

text: The renewable energy from the

text: sun

text: wind

text: wave

text: biomass

text: and

text: geothermal

text: energies are based on renewable resources. Renewable resources such as the movement of

text: water

text: hydropower

text: tidal power

text: and

text: wave power

text: wind

text: and

text: radiant energy

text: from geothermal heat (used for

text: geothermal power

text: ) and solar energy (used for

text: solar power

text: ) are practically infinite and cannot be depleted, unlike their non-renewable counterparts, which are likely to run out if not used sparingly.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: wave power

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy does the sun produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: use for solar power

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be depleted

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave power

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: what is the last renewable resource mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-renewable counterparts are likely to run out if not used sparingly

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: renewable energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: non-renewable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiant energy from geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The renewable energy from the sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiant energy from geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Renewable resources

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: likely to run out if not used sparingly.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: infinite and cannot be depleted,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: movement of water

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave power),

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sun, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energies

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The renewable energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energies

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sun, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energies

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-renewable counterparts,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar power) are practically infinite and cannot be depleted,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: non-renewable counterparts,

text: The energy policy of the United Kingdom has achieved success in reducing energy intensity (but still really high), reducing energy poverty, and maintaining energy supply reliability to date.  The United Kingdom has an ambitious goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions for future years, but it is unclear whether the programs in place are sufficient to achieve this objective (the way to be so efficient as France is still hard).  Regarding energy self sufficiency, the United Kingdom policy does not address this issue, other than to concede historic energy self sufficiency is currently ceasing to exist (due to the decline of the North Sea oil production).  With regard to transport, the United Kingdom historically has a good policy record encouraging public transport links with cities, despite encountering problems with high speed trains, which have the potential to reduce dramatically domestic and short-haul European flights. The policy does not, however, significantly encourage hybrid vehicle use or ethanol fuel use, options which represent viable short term means to moderate rising transport fuel consumption.  Regarding renewable energy, the United Kingdom has goals for wind and tidal energy.  The White Paper on Energy, 2007, set the target that 20% of the UK's energy must come from renewable sources by 2020.

text: The

text: energy policy of the United Kingdom

text: has achieved success in reducing

text: energy intensity

text: (but still really high), reducing energy poverty, and maintaining energy supply reliability to date.  The United Kingdom has an ambitious goal to reduce

entity_name: List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions

text: carbon dioxide emissions

text: for future years, but it is unclear whether the programs in place are sufficient to achieve this objective (the way to be so efficient as France is still hard).  Regarding energy self sufficiency, the United Kingdom policy does not address this issue, other than to concede historic

text: energy self sufficiency

text: is currently ceasing to exist (due to the decline of the

text: North Sea oil

text: production).  With regard to transport, the United Kingdom historically has a good policy record encouraging

text: public transport

text: links with cities, despite encountering problems with high speed trains, which have the potential to reduce dramatically domestic and short-haul European flights. The policy does not, however, significantly encourage

text: hybrid vehicle

text: use or

text: ethanol fuel

text: use, options which represent viable short term means to moderate rising transport fuel consumption.  Regarding

text: renewable energy

text: , the United Kingdom has goals for

text: wind

text: and

text: tidal energy

text: .  The White Paper on Energy, 2007, set the target that 20% of the UK's energy must come from renewable sources by 2020.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy intensity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It is unclear whether the programs in place are sufficient to achieve this objective

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the White Paper on Energy, 2007 refer to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: tidal energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The United Kingdom have an ambitious goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the White Paper on Energy, 2007 state?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy poverty

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transport fuel consumption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Tidal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: wood or ethanol?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Wind and tidal

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the United Kingdom policy does not address this issue

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wind and Tidal energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: high speed trains

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: tidal energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 20% of the UK's energy must come from renewable sources by 2020.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: domestic and short-haul European flights.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: historic energy self sufficiency

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 20% of the UK's energy must come from renewable sources by 2020.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy self sufficiency,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy self sufficiency,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ethanol fuel

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: public transport links with cities,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy self sufficiency

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: historic energy self sufficiency is currently ceasing to exist

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: North Sea oil production).

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wind and tidal energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide emissions

text: As with all carbon based fossil fuels, burning coalbed methane releases carbon dioxide (CO) into the atmosphere. Its effect as greenhouse gas was firstly analyzed by chemist and physicist Svante Arrhenius. CBM production also entails leaks of fugitive methane into the atmosphere. Methane is rated as having 72 times the effect on global warming per unit of mass than CO over 20 years, reducing to 25 times over 100 years and 7.5 times over 500 years. Analysis of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy sources indicates that generating electricity from CBM, as with conventional natural gas, has less than half the greenhouse gas effect of coal.

text: As with all carbon based fossil fuels, burning coalbed methane releases carbon dioxide (CO) into the atmosphere. Its effect as greenhouse gas was firstly analyzed by chemist and physicist

text: Svante Arrhenius

text: . CBM production also entails leaks of fugitive methane into the atmosphere. Methane is rated as having 72 times the effect on global warming per unit of mass than CO over 20 years, reducing to 25 times over 100 years and 7.5 times over 500 years. Analysis of

entity_name: Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources

text: life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy sources

text: indicates that generating electricity from CBM, as with conventional natural gas, has less than half the greenhouse gas effect of coal.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: coalbed methane or CO?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: coalbed methane or natural gas?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Arrhenius study?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction happen mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not an effect of burning coalbed methane?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating electricity from CBM, as with conventional natural gas, has less than half the greenhouse gas effect of coal

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the smallest unit of mass?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: coalbed methane or CO?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon based fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: generating electricity from CBM

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: coalbed methane

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: burning coal

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: As with all carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: coalbed methane

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: coalbed methane releases carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: As with all carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: physicist Svante Arrhenius.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: coalbed methane

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: As with all carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 72 times the effect on global warming per unit of mass

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: carbon dioxide (CO)

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 7.5 times over 500 years.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 72 times the effect on global warming per unit of mass than CO

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: As with all carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating electricity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 72 times the effect on global warming per unit of mass

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: generating electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: physicist Svante Arrhenius.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: chemist and physicist Svante Arrhenius.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: coalbed methane releases carbon dioxide (CO) into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: chemist and physicist Svante Arrhenius.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: As with all carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon based fossil fuels,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: coal.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: coalbed methane

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: burning coalbed methane releases carbon dioxide (CO) into the atmosphere.

text: Cherenkov radiation occurs when charged particles travel through a medium at a speed faster than the speed of light in that medium.  High-energy gamma rays, upon striking the upper atmosphere, can create positron-electron pairs that move at great speeds.  The residual effect of these particles traveling through the atmosphere can result in a cascading shower of particles and photons that are aimed towards the surface at predictable angles.

text: Cherenkov radiation

text: occurs when charged particles travel through a medium at a speed faster than the

text: speed of light

text: in that medium.  High-energy gamma rays, upon striking the upper atmosphere, can create

text: positron

text: electron

text: pairs

text: that move at great speeds.  The residual effect of these particles traveling through the atmosphere can result in a cascading shower of particles and photons that are aimed towards the surface at predictable angles.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is Cherenkov radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cascading shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: create positron-electron pairs

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: a cascading shower

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: upper atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: positron-electron pairs

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: aimed towards the surface at predictable angles.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: positron-electron pairs

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: speed of light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Cherenkov radiation occurs when charged particles travel through a medium

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cherenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: High-energy gamma rays,

text: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating, which is greatest near the equator and lesser at the poles. The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards, thus reducing the resulting equator-to-pole temperature gradient. The mechanisms by which this is accomplished differs in tropical and extratropical latitudes.

text: The major driving force of

text: atmospheric circulation

text: is solar heating, which is greatest near the equator and lesser at the poles. The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards, thus reducing the resulting equator-to-pole temperature gradient. The mechanisms by which this is accomplished differs in tropical and extratropical latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: polewards

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Polarized

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the major driving force of atmospheric circulation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: transports energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transports energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heating?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transports energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical latitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar heating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: equator-to-pole temperature gradient

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy polewards,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: equator-to-pole temperature gradient.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: major driving force of atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The major driving force of atmospheric circulation is solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The atmospheric circulation transports energy polewards,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: polewards,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical and extratropical latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: equator-to-pole temperature gradient.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar heating,

text: There are several energy fluxes involved in the melting of snow. These fluxes can act in opposing directions, that is either delivering heat to or removing heat from the snowpack. Ground heat flux is the energy delivered to the snowpack from the soil below by conduction. Radiation inputs to the snowpack include net shortwave (solar radiation including visible and ultraviolet light) and longwave  (infrared) radiation.  Net shortwave radiation is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack because of the snowpack albedo. Longwave radiation is received by the snowpack from many sources, including ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor present in all levels of the atmosphere. Longwave radiation is also emitted by the snowpack in the form near-Black-body radiation, where snow has an emissivity between 0.97 and 1.0. Generally the net longwave radiation term is negative, meaning a net loss of energy from the snowpack. Latent heat flux is the energy removed from or delivered to the snowpack which accompanies the mass transfers of evaporation, sublimation, or condensation. Sensible heat flux is the heat flux due to convection between the air and snowpack.

text: There are several energy fluxes involved in the melting of snow. These fluxes can act in opposing directions, that is either delivering heat to or removing heat from the

text: snowpack

text: . Ground heat flux is the energy delivered to the snowpack from the soil below by conduction. Radiation inputs to the snowpack include net

text: shortwave

text: (solar radiation including visible and ultraviolet light) and longwave  (

text: infrared

text: ) radiation.  Net shortwave radiation is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack because of the snowpack

text: albedo

text: . Longwave radiation is received by the snowpack from many sources, including ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor present in all levels of the atmosphere. Longwave radiation is also emitted by the snowpack in the form near-

text: Black-body radiation

text: , where snow has an emissivity between 0.97 and 1.0. Generally the net longwave radiation term is negative, meaning a net loss of energy from the snowpack. Latent heat flux is the energy removed from or delivered to the snowpack which accompanies the mass transfers of

text: evaporation

text: sublimation

text: , or

text: condensation

text: . Sensible heat flux is the heat flux due to

text: convection

text: between the air and snowpack.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: sensible heat flux

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: net shortwave radiation include visible and ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack because of the snowpack albedo

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of sensible heat flux?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of longwave radiation?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: longwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Ground heat flux and net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Ground heat flux is the energy delivered to the snowpack from the soil below by conduction

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the air and snowpack

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: net shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: conduction.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: longwave (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Sensible heat flux

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: (solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longwave

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ultraviolet light) and longwave (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: delivering heat to or removing heat from the snowpack.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Sensible heat flux

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Net shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy fluxes

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: delivering heat to or removing heat from the snowpack.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conduction.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiation inputs to the snowpack include net shortwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet light)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: conduction.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible and ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Ground heat flux

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a net loss of energy from the snowpack.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: between the air and snowpack.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Net shortwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: Gaseous water represents a small but environmentally significant constituent of the atmosphere. The percentage water vapor in surface air varies from 0.01% at -42 °C (-44 °F) to 4.24% when the dew point is 30 °C (86 °F). Approximately 99.13% of it is contained in the troposphere. The condensation of water vapor to the liquid or ice phase is responsible for clouds, rain, snow, and other precipitation, all of which count among the most significant elements of what we experience as weather. Less obviously, the latent heat of vaporization, which is released to the atmosphere whenever condensation occurs, is one of the most important terms in the atmospheric energy budget on both local and global scales. For example, latent heat release in atmospheric convection is directly responsible for powering destructive storms such as tropical cyclones and severe thunderstorms. Water vapor is also the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond which strongly absorbs in the infra-red region of the light spectrum.

text: Gaseous water represents a small but environmentally significant constituent of the

text: atmosphere

text: . The percentage water vapor in surface air varies from 0.01% at -42 °C (-44 °F) to 4.24% when the dew point is 30 °C (86 °F). Approximately 99.13% of it is contained in the

text: troposphere

text: . The

text: condensation

text: of water vapor to the liquid or ice phase is responsible for

text: clouds

text: , rain, snow, and other

text: precipitation

text: , all of which count among the most significant elements of what we experience as weather. Less obviously, the

text: latent heat of vaporization

text: , which is released to the atmosphere whenever condensation occurs, is one of the most important terms in the atmospheric energy budget on both local and global scales. For example, latent heat release in atmospheric

text: convection

text: is directly responsible for powering destructive storms such as

text: tropical cyclones

text: and severe

text: thunderstorms

text: . Water vapor is also the most potent

text: greenhouse gas

text: owing to the presence of the

text: hydroxyl

text: bond which strongly absorbs in the

text: infra-red

text: region of the

text: light spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a constituent of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum does water vapor absorb in?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the most important term in the atmospheric energy budget on both local and global scales?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: latent heat of vaporization, water vapor or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: for powering destructive storms

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the most important term in the atmospheric energy budget on both local and global scales

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is one of the most important terms in the atmospheric energy budget?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Approximately 99.13% of it is contained in the troposphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: destructive storms

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Gaseous water

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: liquid or ice phase

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: light spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Gaseous water

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gaseous water

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 0.01% at -42 °C

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 99.13% of it is contained in the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 0.01% at -42 °C

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Water vapor

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy budget on both local and global scales.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: destructive storms

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infra-red region of the light spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric convection

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: the latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infra-red

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the latent heat of vaporization,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical cyclones and severe thunderstorms.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: destructive storms such as tropical cyclones and severe thunderstorms.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infra-red region of the light spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: hydroxyl bond

text: Since 2002, approximately 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once. Approximately 40% of residential consumers in deregulated areas have switched from the former incumbent provider to a competitive REP. REPs providing service in the state include NEC Retail Co-op Electricity, Acacia Energy, Now Power, Snap Energy, Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy, Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy, Champion Energy,  Shnye Energy, Cirro Energy, Direct Energy, Dynowatt, First Texas Energy Corporation, Gexa Energy, Glacial Energy, Just Energy, Kinetic Energy, Mega Energy, APG&E, Adjacent Energy, Spark Energy, StarTex Power, Stream Energy, Tech Electricity, Texas Power,  TXU Energy, XOOM Energy and 4Change Energy.

text: Since 2002, approximately 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once. Approximately 40% of residential consumers in deregulated areas have switched from the former incumbent provider to a competitive REP. REPs providing service in the state include NEC Retail Co-op Electricity,

text: Acacia Energy

text: Now Power

text: Snap Energy

text: , Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy,

text: Ambit Energy

text: , Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy,

text: Champion Energy

text: ,  Shnye Energy, Cirro Energy,

text: Direct Energy

text: Dynowatt

text: First Texas Energy Corporation

text: , Gexa Energy,

text: Glacial Energy

text: Just Energy

text: , Kinetic Energy, Mega Energy, APG&E,

text: Adjacent Energy

text: , Spark Energy, StarTex Power,

text: Stream Energy

text: , Tech Electricity,

text: Texas Power

text: TXU Energy

text: XOOM Energy

text: and

text: 4Change Energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Kinetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a REP: Acacia Energy, Now Power, Snap Energy, Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy, Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a REP: Acacia Energy, Now Power, Snap Energy, Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy, Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy, Champion Energy, Shnye Energy, Cirro Energy, Direct Energy, Dynowatt, First Texas Energy Corporation, Gexa Energy, Glacial Energy, Just Energy, Kinetic Energy, Mega Energy, APG&E, Adjacent Energy, Spark Energy, StarTex Power, Tech Electricity, Texas Power, TXU Energy, XOOM Energy and 4Change Energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Kinetic Energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a factor in the switch of residential consumers in deregulated areas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which is not a last name?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a REP: Acacia Energy, Now Power or Snap Energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a REP: Acacia Energy, Now Power, Snap Energy, Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy, Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many REPs providing service in the state are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a tiny packet of energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Kinetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Kinetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: Deep purple, Clearview Electric, Green Mountain Energy, Iluminar Energy, Conservice Energy, Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy, Champion Energy, Shnye Energy, Cirro Energy, Direct Energy, Dynowatt, First Texas Energy Corporation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a REP: Acacia Energy, Now Power, Snap Energy or Green Mountain Energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kinetic Energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Iluminar Energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Kinetic Energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: XOOM Energy and 4Change Energy are the same thing.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a gas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Kinetic Energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a higher percentage of consumers switching power providers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: industrial consumers

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a competitive REP

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Gexa Energy, Glacial Energy, Just Energy, Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Glacial Energy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Iluminar Energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Iluminar Energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Since 2002,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 40%

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Ambit Energy, Entrust Energy, Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 4Change Energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: REP.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Bounce Energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Since 2002,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Gexa Energy, Glacial Energy, Just Energy, Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Iluminar Energy,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Iluminar Energy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers at least once.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 40% of residential consumers in deregulated areas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Kinetic Energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers have switched power providers

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 85% of commercial and industrial consumers

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: switched power providers

text: In its simplest form an IMS system measures how fast a given ion moves in a uniform electric field through a given atmosphere.

text: In its simplest form an IMS system measures how fast a given ion moves in a uniform

text: electric field

text: through a given atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to measure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this statement?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the IMS system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be measured

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can not be measured

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected with a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be measured

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: An IMS system measures how fast a given ion moves in a uniform electric field.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature differences

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In its simplest form

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: IMS

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: how fast a given ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: In

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: In its simplest form an IMS system

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: a uniform electric field through a given atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: In its simplest form

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ion

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric field

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: In its simplest form an IMS system

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: In its simplest form an IMS

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: In

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: In its simplest form an IMS system

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: In its simplest form an IMS system

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: how fast a given ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: uniform electric field through a given atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ion moves in a uniform electric field

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere.

text: Geo-engineering is referred as "the artificial modification of Earth's climate systems through two primary ideologies, Solar Radiation Management (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)"  Different schemes, projects and technologies have been designed to tackle the effects of climate change, usually by removing CO2 from the air as seen by Klaus Lackner's invention of a Co2 prototype, or by limiting the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors. However, "critics by contrast claim that geoengineering isn't realistic – and may be a distraction from reducing emissions." It has been argued that geo-engineering is an adaptation to global warming. It allows TNC's, humans and governments to avoid facing the facts that global warming is a crisis that needs to be dealt with head-on by reducing emissions and implementing green technologies, rather than developing ways to control the environment and ultimately allow Greenhouse Gases to continue to be released into the atmosphere.

text: Geo-engineering

text: is referred as "the artificial modification of Earth's

text: climate

text: systems through two primary ideologies,

text: Solar Radiation Management

text: (SRM) and

text: Carbon Dioxide Removal

text: (CDR)"  Different schemes, projects and technologies have been designed to tackle the effects of climate change, usually by removing CO2 from the air as seen by

text: Klaus Lackner

text: 's invention of a Co2 prototype, or by limiting the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by

text: space mirrors

text: . However, "critics by contrast claim that geoengineering isn't realistic – and may be a distraction from reducing emissions." It has been argued that geo-engineering is an adaptation to global warming. It allows TNC's, humans and governments to avoid facing the facts that global warming is a crisis that needs to be dealt with head-on by reducing emissions and implementing

text: green technologies

text: , rather than developing ways to control the environment and ultimately allow

text: Greenhouse Gases

text: to continue to be released into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a primary ideology: Solar Radiation Management (SRM) or Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does SRM refer to?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Solar Radiation Management

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar Radiation Management

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a primary ideology: Solar Radiation Management (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a distraction from reducing emissions

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a primary ideology: Solar Radiation Management (SRM) or Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: It allows TNC's, humans and governments

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is CO2?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does geo-engineering work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a primary ideology: Solar Radiation Management (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: space mirrors

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse Gases to continue to be released into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: space mirrors

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: SRM

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon Dioxide Removal

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Geo-engineering

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Solar Radiation Management

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Solar Radiation Management

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: a distraction from reducing emissions."

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: geo-engineering is an adaptation to global warming.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Geo-engineering

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CO2

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: limiting the amount of sunlight

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse Gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, by space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: geo-engineering is an adaptation to global warming.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: space mirrors.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: limiting the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse Gases

text: The solar envelope is a space-time construct. Its spatial limits are defined by the characteristics of land size, shape, orientation, topography, latitude, and its surroundings. Its time limits are defined by the hours of the day, season of the year, and the time interval. In 1976, solar envelope was first proposed by Ralph L. Knowles as a zoning device. It guarantees solar access to properties by regulating construction limits derived from the sun’s relative motion. Buildings within the solar envelope would not shadow adjacent properties during a predefined period of time, usually critical energy-receiving periods during the year. The solar envelope presents the maximum heights of buildings that do not violate the solar access of any existing buildings during a given period of the year. The solar envelope is a way to assure urban solar access for both energy and life quality.

text: The solar envelope is a space-time construct. Its spatial limits are defined by the characteristics of land size, shape, orientation,

text: topography

text: latitude

text: , and its surroundings. Its time limits are defined by the hours of the day, season of the year, and the time interval. In 1976, solar envelope was first proposed by Ralph L. Knowles as a zoning device. It guarantees solar access to properties by regulating construction limits derived from the sun’s relative motion. Buildings within the solar envelope would not shadow adjacent properties during a predefined period of time, usually critical energy-receiving periods during the year. The solar envelope presents the maximum heights of buildings that do not violate the solar access of any existing buildings during a given period of the year. The solar envelope is a way to assure urban solar access for both energy and life quality.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not derived from the sun’s relative motion?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not true of the solar envelope?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very low energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a way to assure urban solar access for both energy and life quality?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The solar envelope guarantee urban solar access for both energy and life quality.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of the solar envelope?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a property of the solar envelope?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a way to assure urban solar access for both energy and life quality?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the solar envelope?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life quality

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The solar envelope is a way to assure urban solar access

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy-receiving

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a way to assure urban solar access for both energy and life quality?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does the solar envelope work?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy-receiving periods

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar access for both energy and life quality

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Buildings within the solar envelope would not shadow adjacent properties during a predefined period of time

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Solar Envelope

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: urban solar access

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the sun’s relative motion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The solar envelope

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The solar envelope

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The solar envelope

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Buildings within the solar envelope would not shadow adjacent properties

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The solar envelope is a space-time construct.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy and life quality.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The solar envelope is a space-time construct.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: the sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The solar envelope is a space-time construct.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun’s

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun’s

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: critical energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: critical energy-receiving periods during the year.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun’s relative motion.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sun’s relative motion.

text: The large frame - old frame system of training consists of two forms. They are known simply as the First form (Yi Lu) and the Second Form (Er Lu) also known as  the Cannon Fist (Pao Chui). This system was first taught by Chen Fake in Beijing in 1928.  There are 72 moves in the First Form and 42 moves in the Second Form. The historical roots can be traced back to Chen Fake's great grandfather,  Chen Changxing (陳長興 Chén Chángxīng, Ch'en Chang-hsing, 1771–1853) who was also the teacher of Yang Luchan.  Due to this common lineage, there are similarities on stances even though more than fifty years separates the Yang training traditions and the form revealed by Chen Fake in Beijing.  The description of Yilu in Chen style parlance are: Movements are large and stretching, Footwork is brisk and steady, the body is naturally straight, the entire body controlled by internal energy.  (拳架舒展大方，步法轻灵稳健，身法中正自然，内劲统领全身。) The exercise requires the close coordination between mind-intent, internal energy, and the body; the outer appearance is an arc and the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;  the energy winds around so that the external action appears soft but corresponding internal action is hard. (练习时，要求意、气、身密切配合，外形走弧线，内劲走螺旋，缠绕圆转，外柔内刚。)

text: The large frame - old frame system of training consists of two forms. They are known simply as the First form (

entity_name: Chen (Old Frame, First Routine, Lao Jia Yi Lu)

text: Yi Lu

text: ) and the Second Form (Er Lu) also known as  the Cannon Fist (Pao Chui). This system was first taught by Chen Fake in Beijing in 1928.  There are 72 moves in the First Form and 42 moves in the Second Form. The historical roots can be traced back to Chen Fake's great grandfather,  Chen Changxing (陳長興 Chén Chángxīng, Ch'en Chang-hsing, 1771–1853) who was also the teacher of Yang Luchan.  Due to this common lineage, there are similarities on stances even though more than fifty years separates the Yang training traditions and the form revealed by Chen Fake in Beijing.  The description of Yilu in Chen style parlance are: Movements are large and stretching, Footwork is brisk and steady, the body is naturally straight, the entire body controlled by internal energy.  (拳架舒展大方，步法轻灵稳健，身法中正自然，内劲统领全身。) The exercise requires the close coordination between mind-intent, internal energy, and the body; the outer appearance is an arc and the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;  the energy winds around so that the external action appears soft but corresponding internal action is hard. (练习时，要求意、气、身密切配合，外形走弧线，内劲走螺旋，缠绕圆转，外柔内刚。)

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form: First form (Yi Lu) or Er Lu?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: light with the most energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate the skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The answer: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the greenhouse effect causes more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The exercise requires the close coordination between mind-intent

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy winds around

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the body is naturally straight

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Yang training traditions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: winding

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cannon Fist

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: arc and the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: arc

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: arc and the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: arc and the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cannon Fist

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: close coordination between mind-intent, internal energy, and the body;

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cannon Fist

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Chen Fake's great grandfather, Chen Changxing

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: arc

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: external action appears soft but corresponding internal action is hard.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the internal energy travels along the path of a spiral;

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: spiral;

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: external action appears soft but corresponding internal action is hard.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: internal energy.

text: In the case of the earth-atmosphere system it refers to the process by which long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the sun.

text: In the case of the earth-atmosphere system it refers to the process by which long-wave (

text: infrared

text: ) radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: long-wave

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb short-wave

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: long-wave radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: how does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: long-wave radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave energy from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (visible) energy from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: earth-atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: short-wave (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorption of short-wave (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: In the case of the earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In the case of the earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: short-wave (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation is emitted

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: (visible)

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: (visible) energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: earth-atmosphere system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: short-wave (visible) energy from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: long-wave (infrared) radiation

text: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes is equal to the ratio of the cosine for the two given latitudes.

text: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes is equal to the ratio of the cosine for the two given latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: it does not say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a negative effect on a person's health

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: what is the answer?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of molecules?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earth is tilted towards the sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The ratio of surface velocity at two given latitudes is equal to the ratio of the cosine for the two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational force

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: differences in surface velocity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by a change in surface velocity.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: cosine for the two given latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosine for the two given latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: equal to the ratio of the cosine

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity at two given latitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosine

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The ratio of the surface velocity

text: A convection cell is most notable in the formation of clouds with its release and transportation of energy. As air moves along the ground it absorbs heat, loses density and moves up into the atmosphere. when it is forced into the atmosphere, which has a lower air pressure, it cannot contain as much fluid as at a lower altitude, so it releases its moist air, producing rain. In this process the warm air is cooled; it gains density and falls towards the earth and the cell repeats the cycle.

text: A convection cell is most notable in the formation of clouds with its release and transportation of energy. As air moves along the ground it absorbs heat, loses density and moves up into the atmosphere. when it is forced into the atmosphere, which has a lower air pressure, it cannot contain as much fluid as at a lower altitude, so it releases its moist air, producing rain. In this process the warm air is cooled; it gains density and falls towards the earth and the cell repeats the cycle.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection cell?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause clouds to form

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be released

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: a convection cell

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat, moisture, and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: it gains density and falls towards the earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: precipitation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the ground

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a convection cell

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: lower altitude,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cooled; it gains density and falls towards the earth

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat, loses density and moves up into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: release and transportation of energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: air moves along the ground

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: transportation of energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: A convection cell

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: As air moves along the ground

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: convection cell

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rain.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: air moves along the ground it absorbs heat,

text: First, the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it. This is bad enough for sensing if all wavelengths are affected evenly, but it becomes much more complex when the radiation is of multiple wavelengths, and the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

text: First, the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it. This is bad enough for sensing if all wavelengths are affected evenly, but it becomes much more complex when the radiation is of multiple wavelengths, and the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: attenuated

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be of multiple wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can pass through the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of attenuation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is bad enough for sensing

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be detected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: all wavelengths are affected evenly

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: attenuation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: passing through it

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: attenuation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: multiple wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: multiple wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: multiple wavelengths, and the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy passing through it. This is bad enough for sensing

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: bad enough for sensing

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: This is bad enough for sensing

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: all wavelengths are affected evenly,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation is of multiple wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the attenuation differs among wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy passing through it.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the atmosphere may absorb part of the energy passing through it.

text: eons, leading to what is known as the faint young Sun paradox. Hypothesized solutions to this paradox include a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases than currently exist. Over the following approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed. The Great Oxygenation Event – oxygenation of the atmosphere around 2.4 billion years ago – was the most notable alteration. Over the next five billion years, the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a red giant and then a white dwarf will have large effects on climate, with the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until that time.

text: eons, leading to what is known as the

text: faint young Sun paradox

text: . Hypothesized solutions to this paradox include a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases than currently exist. Over the following approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed. The

text: Great Oxygenation Event

text: – oxygenation of the atmosphere around 2.4 billion years ago – was the most notable alteration. Over the next five billion years, the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a

text: red giant

text: and then a

text: white dwarf

text: will have large effects on climate, with the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until that time.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the most notable alteration of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: white dwarfs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: red giant

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the energy output of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the most notable alteration?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until then

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy output of the sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy output

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is deep purple part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: white dwarf

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: oxygenation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: white dwarf

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a red giant

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric composition changing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: eons, leading to what is known as the faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ending any life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: oxygenation of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: oxygenation of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: As with the pyrotechnic payloads these will also give either graybody radiation or selective emissions.In contrast to pyrotechnic payloads, pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation. Hence specific energy density of pyrophorics is always higher as compared to any pyrotechnic; however, pyrophorics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A typical liquid pyrophoric fuel is triethylaluminium. Upon combustion of triethylaluminium, a selective IR spectrum is obtained, which is mainly determined from carbon dioxide and water vapour. Any transient or permanent combustion product of aluminium are not IR-active in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

text: As with the pyrotechnic payloads these will also give either graybody radiation or selective emissions.In contrast to pyrotechnic payloads, pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation. Hence specific energy density of pyrophorics is always higher as compared to any pyrotechnic; however, pyrophorics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A typical liquid pyrophoric fuel is

text: triethylaluminium

text: . Upon combustion of triethylaluminium, a selective IR spectrum is obtained, which is mainly determined from carbon dioxide and water vapour. Any transient or permanent combustion product of aluminium are not IR-active in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of substance: triethylaluminium, carbon dioxide or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is not IR-active in this region?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: low oxygen partial pressure

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapour

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: specific energy density

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transient

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of fuel is triethylaluminium?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: pyrophoric

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: pyrotechnics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: pyrophorics

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: low oxygen partial pressure

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: pyrophoric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapour

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: IR-active in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: graybody radiation or selective emissions.In

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: specific energy density

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: pyrophorics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: pyrophorics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: pyrophorics suffer from low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapour.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: specific energy density

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: pyrophoric substances

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: pyrotechnic;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: graybody radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: low oxygen partial pressure at greater heights.A

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: oxygen from the environment

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: pyrophoric substances use the oxygen from the environment for oxidation.

text: Stephen E. Schwartz (born 1941) is an atmospheric scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory.  He served from 2004 to 2009 as the Chief Scientist of the Atmospheric Science Program of the United States Department of Energy.  The program is charged with developing a comprehensive understanding of how the atmosphere processes energy related trace chemicals, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide.  The current focus is on aerosols and carbon dioxide.

text: Stephen E. Schwartz (born 1941) is an atmospheric scientist at

text: Brookhaven National Laboratory

text: .  He served from 2004 to 2009 as the Chief Scientist of the Atmospheric Science Program of the

text: United States Department of Energy

text: .  The program is charged with developing a comprehensive understanding of how the

text: atmosphere

text: processes energy related trace

text: chemicals

text: , such as

text: nitrogen oxides

text: sulfur

text: aerosols

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: .  The current focus is on aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Stephen E. Schwartz study?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: How does the atmosphere processes energy related trace chemicals?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What does Stephen E. Schwartz do for a living?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe Stephen E. Schwartz?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does Stephen E. Schwartz work?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: How would you describe Stephen E. Schwartz?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many years did Schwartz serve as the Chief Scientist of the Atmospheric Science Program?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a must

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy related trace chemicals

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the atmosphere process energy related trace chemicals?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Stephen E. Schwartz do for a living?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The current focus is on aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Rockets

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nitrogen oxides,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: developing a comprehensive understanding of how the atmosphere processes energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Stephen E. Schwartz

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: aerosols

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: nitrogen oxides, sulfur, aerosols and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy related trace chemicals,

text: The C center corresponds to electrically neutral single substitutional nitrogen atoms in the diamond lattice. These are easily seen in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra (in which they are confusingly called P1 centers). C centers impart a deep yellow to brown color; these diamonds are classed as type Ib and are commonly known as "canary diamonds", which are rare in gem form. Most synthetic diamonds produced by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) technique contain a high level of nitrogen in the C form; nitrogen impurity originates from the atmosphere or from the graphite source. One nitrogen atom per 100,000 carbon atoms will produce yellow color. Because the nitrogen atoms have five available electrons (one more than the carbon atoms they replace), they act as "deep donors"; that is, each substituting nitrogen has an extra electron to donate and forms a donor energy level within the band gap. Light with energy above ~2.2 eV can excite the donor electrons into the conduction band, resulting in the yellow color.

text: The C center corresponds to electrically neutral single substitutional nitrogen

text: atom

text: s in the diamond lattice. These are easily seen in

text: electron paramagnetic resonance

text: spectra (in which they are confusingly called P1 centers). C centers impart a deep yellow to brown color; these diamonds are classed as type Ib and are commonly known as "canary diamonds", which are rare in

text: gem

text: form. Most synthetic diamonds produced by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) technique contain a high level of nitrogen in the C form; nitrogen impurity originates from the atmosphere or from the graphite source. One nitrogen atom per 100,000 carbon atoms will produce yellow color. Because the nitrogen atoms have five available

text: electron

text: s (one more than the

text: carbon

text: atoms they replace), they act as "deep

text: donor

text: s"; that is, each substituting nitrogen has an extra electron to donate and forms a donor

text: energy level

text: within the

text: band gap

text: . Light with energy above ~2.2

text: eV

text: can excite the donor electrons into the

text: conduction band

text: , resulting in the yellow color.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of diamond?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is easily seen in electron paramagnetic resonance?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light with energy above  2.2 eV can excite the donor electrons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of diamond?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: One nitrogen atom per 100,000 carbon atoms will produce yellow color

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: eV

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does light with energy above  2.2 eV travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of diamond?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: canary diamonds

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: canary diamonds

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Light with energy above  2.2 eV can excite the donor electrons into the conduction band

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Canary Diamonds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: light with energy above  2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nitrogen impurity

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "deep donors";

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electron paramagnetic resonance

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electron paramagnetic resonance spectra

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "deep donors";

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The C center

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nitrogen impurity originates from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The C center

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: C center corresponds to electrically neutral single substitutional nitrogen atoms

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Light with energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "deep donors";

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: C center corresponds to electrically neutral single substitutional nitrogen atoms

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: yellow

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Light with energy above <unk>2.2 eV

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: conduction band,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: yellow color.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nitrogen impurity

text: The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature in a greenhouse is that incident solar radiation (the visible and adjacent portions of the infrared and ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum) passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation, so the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer. As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also cannot escape via convection, so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. This is known as the "greenhouse effect". The greenhouse effect, due to infrared-opaque "greenhouse gases", including carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects the earth as a whole; there is no convective cooling as air does not escape from the earth.

text: The explanation given in most sources for the warmer temperature in a greenhouse is that incident

text: solar radiation

text: (the visible and adjacent portions of the

text: infrared

text: and

text: ultraviolet

text: ranges of the spectrum) passes through the glass roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer and re-emit the energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation. Glass and other materials used for greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation, so the infrared cannot escape via

text: radiative transfer

text: . As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, heat also cannot escape via

text: convection

text: , so the temperature inside the greenhouse rises. This is known as the "

text: greenhouse effect

text: ". The greenhouse effect, due to infrared-opaque "

text: greenhouse gases

text: ", including carbon dioxide and methane instead of glass, also affects the earth as a whole; there is no convective cooling as air does not escape from the earth.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a material used for greenhouse walls?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longer-wavelength

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: pass through the glass roof and walls

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not open to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there is no convective cooling as air does not escape from the earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse walls do not transmit infrared radiation,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared and ultraviolet ranges

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longer-wavelength infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: longer-wavelength infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: convection,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat also cannot escape via convection,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the infrared cannot escape via radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: incident solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: convective cooling

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air does not escape from the earth.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative transfer.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "greenhouse effect".

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared-opaque

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared-opaque "greenhouse gases",

text: The spectrum of the primary component matches a stellar classification of K0 IV, with the luminosity class of IV indicating this is a subgiant star. It has 6 times the radius of the Sun and shines with 18 times the Sun's energy. This energy is radiated from the outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,864 K, giving it the cool orange-hued glow of a K-type star.

text: The

text: spectrum

text: of the primary component matches a

text: stellar classification

text: of K0 IV, with the

text: luminosity class

text: of IV indicating this is a

text: subgiant star

text: . It has 6 times the radius of the Sun and shines with 18 times the Sun's energy. This energy is radiated from the

text: outer atmosphere

text: at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 4,864 K, giving it the cool orange-hued glow of a

text: K-type star

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of the primary component?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: subgiant stars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the spectrum of the primary component?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: how many times the radius of the sun and shines with 18 times the sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This energy is radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is not orange-hued?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: subgiant star

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: subgiant star

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: subgiant stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: subgiant stars

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: subgiant star.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: K0 IV,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: subgiant star.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiated from the outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: subgiant star.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 18 times the Sun's energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cool orange-hued glow of a K-type star.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: outer atmosphere

text:
|- style="background:#cfc;"| 1| October 26| @ Philadelphia |   | Russell Westbrook (32)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Wells Fargo Center
 20,487| 1–0|-style="background:#cfc;"| 2| October 28| Phoenix| | Russell Westbrook (51)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
 18,203| 2–0|-style="background:#cfc;"| 3| October 30| L. A. Lakers |  | Russell Westbrook (33)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Russell Westbrook (16)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 3–0|- style="background:#cfc;"| 4| November 2| @ L. A. Clippers |   | Russell Westbrook (35)| Enes Kanter (12)| Russell Westbrook (5)| Staples Center
19,060| 4–0|- style="background:#fcc;"| 5| November 3| @ Golden State |   | Victor Oladipo (21)| Joffrey Lauvergne (7)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Oracle Arena
19,596| 4–1|- style="background:#cfc;"| 6| November 5| Minnesota |  | Russell Westbrook (28)| Enes Kanter (10)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 5–1|- style="background:#cfc;"| 7 | November 7| Miami |  | Enes Kanter (24)| Kanter & Sabonis (10)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 6–1|- style="background:#fcc;"| 8| November 9| Toronto |  | Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (12)| Russell Westbrook (7) | Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 6–2|- style="background:#fcc;"| 9| November 11|  L. A. Clippers |   | Russell Westbrook (29)| Russell Westbrook (14)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 6–3|- style="background:#fcc;"| 10| November 13| Orlando |   | Russell Westbrook (41)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Russell Westbrook (16)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 6–4|- style="background:#fcc;"| 11| November 14| @ Detroit |  | Russell Westbrook (33)| Russell Westbrook (15)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Palace of Auburn Hills
14,172| 6–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 12| November 16| Houston |  | Russell Westbrook (30)| Victor Oladipo (10)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 7–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 13| November 18| Brooklyn | | Russell Westbrook (30)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 8–5|- style="background:#fcc;"| 14| November 20| Indiana|  | Russell Westbrook (31)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (15)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 8–6|- style="background:#fcc;"| 15| November 22| @ L. A. Lakers | | Russell Westbrook (34)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Staples Center
18,997| 8–7|- style="background:#fcc;"| 16| November 23| @ Sacramento |   | Russell Westbrook (31)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Golden 1 Center
17,608| 8–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 17| November 25| @ Denver |   | Russell Westbrook (36)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Russell Westbrook (18)| Pepsi Center
14,327| 9–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 18| November 26| Detroit|   | Anthony Morrow (21)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Russell Westbrook (15)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 10–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 19| November 28| @New York|   | Russell Westbrook (27)| Russell Westbrook (18)| Russell Westbrook (14)| Madison Square Garden
19,812| 11–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 20| November 30| Washington |   | Russell Westbrook (35)| Russell Westbrook (14)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 12–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 21| December 4|  New Orleans | | Russell Westbrook (28)| Russell Westbrook (17)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 13–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 22| December 5| @ Atlanta | | Russell Westbrook (32)| Russell Westbrook (13)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Philips Arena
14,654| 14–8|- style="background:#fcc;"| 23| December 9| Houston|   | Russell Westbrook (27)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 14–9|- style="background:#cfc;"| 24| December 11| Boston | | Russell Westbrook (37)| Russell Westbrook (12)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 15–9|- style="background:#fcc;"| 25| December 13| @ Portland | | Russell Westbrook (20)| Domantas Sabonis (9)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Moda Center
19,505| 15–10|- style="background:#fcc;"| 26| December 14| @ Utah| | Russell Westbrook (25)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Russell Westbrook (5)| Vivint Smart Home Arena
19,911| 15–11|- style="background:#cfc;"| 27| December 17| Phoenix | | Russell Westbrook (26)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (22)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 16–11|- style="background:#fcc;"| 28| December 19| Atlanta | | Russell Westbrook (46)| Russell Westbrook (11)| Russell Westbrook (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 16–12|- style="background:#;"| 29| December 21| @ New Orleans | | | | | Smoothie King Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 30| December 23| @ Boston | | | | | TD Garden
| |- style="background:#;"| 31| December 25| Minnesota | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 32| December 27| @ Miami | | | | | American Airlines Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 33| December 29| @ Memphis | | | | | FedEx Forum
| |- style="background:#;"| 34| December 31| L. A. Clippers| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 35| January 2| @ Milwaukee | | | | | BMO Harris Bradley Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 36| January 4| @ Charlotte | | | | | Time Warner Cable Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 37| January 5| @ Houston | | | | | Toyota Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 38| January 7| Denver | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 39| January 9 | @ Chicago| | | | | United Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 40| January 11| Memphis| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 41| January 13| @ Minnesota | | | | | Target Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 42| January 15| @ Sacramento| | | | | Golden 1 Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 43| January 16| @ L.A. Clippers | | | | | Staples Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 44| January 18| @ Golden State | | | | | Oracle Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 45| January 23| @ Utah | | | | | Vivint Smart Home Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 46| January 25| @ New Orleans | | | | | Smoothie King Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 47| January 26| Dallas | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
||-style="background:#;"|48|January 29|@ Cleveland ||||| Chesapeake Energy Arena
||-style="background:#;"|49|January 31|@ San Antonio ||||| AT&T Center
||- style="background:#;"| 50| February 1|  Chicago | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 51| February 3| Memphis | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 52| February 5| Portland| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 53| February 6| @ Indiana | | | | | Bankers Life Fieldhouse
| |- style="background:#;"| 54| February 9| Cleveland| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 55| February 11| Golden State | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 56| February 13| @ Washington | | | | | Verizon Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 57| February 15| New York | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- align="center"|colspan="9" bgcolor="#bbcaff"|All-Star Break|- style="background:#;"| 58| February 24|  L.A. Lakers | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 59| February 26| New Orleans | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 60| February 28| Utah| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 61| March 2| @ Portland | | | | | Moda Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 62| March 3| @ Phoenix | | | | | Talking Stick Resort Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 63| March 5| @ Dallas | | | | | American Airlines Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 64| March 7| Portland | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 65| March 9| San Antonio | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 66| March 11| Utah | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 67| March 14| @ Brooklyn | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 68| March 16| @ Toronto | | | | | Air Canada Centre
| |- style="background:#;"| 69| March 18| Sacramento | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 70| March 20| Denver | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 71| March 22| Philadelphia| | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 72| March 26| @ Houston | | | | | Toyota Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 73| March 27| @ Dallas | | | | | American Airlines Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 74| March 29| @ Orlando | | | | | Amway Center
| |-style="background:#;"|75|March 31| San Antonio||||| Chesapeake Energy Arena
||- style="background:#;"| 76| April 2| Charlotte | | | | | Charlotte Hornets
| |- style="background:#;"| 77| April 4| Milwaukee | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
| |- style="background:#;"| 78| April 5| @ Memphis | | | | | FedEx Forum
| |- style="background:#;"| 79| April 7| @ Phoenix | | | | | Talking Stick Resort
| |- style="background:#;"| 80| April 9|  @ Denver | | | | | Pepsi Center
| |- style="background:#;"| 81| April 11| @ Minnesota | | | | | Target Center
||- style="background:#;"| 82| April 12| Denver | | | | | Chesapeake Energy Arena
|

text: |- style="background:#cfc;"| 1| October 26| @

text: Philadelphia

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Wells Fargo Center

text: <br> 20,487| 1–0|-style="background:#cfc;"| 2| October 28|

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br> 18,203| 2–0|-style="background:#cfc;"| 3| October 30|

text: L. A. Lakers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 3–0|- style="background:#cfc;"| 4| November 2| @

text: L. A. Clippers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>19,060| 4–0|- style="background:#fcc;"| 5| November 3| @

text: Golden State

text: Victor Oladipo

text: Joffrey Lauvergne

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Oracle Arena

text: <br>19,596| 4–1|- style="background:#cfc;"| 6| November 5|

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Enes Kanter

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 5–1|- style="background:#cfc;"| 7 | November 7|

text: Miami

text: Enes Kanter

text: Kanter

text: Sabonis

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 6–1|- style="background:#fcc;"| 8| November 9|

text: Toronto

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Steven Adams

text: Russell Westbrook

text: (7) |

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 6–2|- style="background:#fcc;"| 9| November 11|

text: L. A. Clippers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 6–3|- style="background:#fcc;"| 10| November 13|

text: Orlando

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 6–4|- style="background:#fcc;"| 11| November 14| @

text: Detroit

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Palace of Auburn Hills

text: <br>14,172| 6–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 12| November 16|

text: Houston

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Victor Oladipo

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 7–5|- style="background:#cfc;"| 13| November 18|

text: Brooklyn

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 8–5|- style="background:#fcc;"| 14| November 20|

text: Indiana

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 8–6|- style="background:#fcc;"| 15| November 22| @

text: L. A. Lakers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>18,997| 8–7|- style="background:#fcc;"| 16| November 23| @

text: Sacramento

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Golden 1 Center

text: <br>17,608| 8–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 17| November 25| @

text: Denver

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Pepsi Center

text: <br>14,327| 9–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 18| November 26|

text: Detroit

text: Anthony Morrow

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 10–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 19| November 28| @

text: New York

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Madison Square Garden

text: <br>19,812| 11–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 20| November 30|

text: Washington

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 12–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 21| December 4|

text: New Orleans

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 13–8|- style="background:#cfc;"| 22| December 5| @

text: Atlanta

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Philips Arena

text: <br>14,654| 14–8|- style="background:#fcc;"| 23| December 9|

text: Houston

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 14–9|- style="background:#cfc;"| 24| December 11|

text: Boston

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 15–9|- style="background:#fcc;"| 25| December 13| @

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Domantas Sabonis

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Moda Center

text: <br>19,505| 15–10|- style="background:#fcc;"| 26| December 14| @

text: Utah

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Vivint Smart Home Arena

text: <br>19,911| 15–11|- style="background:#cfc;"| 27| December 17|

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 16–11|- style="background:#fcc;"| 28| December 19|

text: Atlanta

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 16–12|- style="background:#;"| 29| December 21| @

text: New Orleans

text: Smoothie King Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 30| December 23| @

text: Boston

text: TD Garden

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 31| December 25|

text: Minnesota

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 32| December 27| @

text: Miami

text: American Airlines Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 33| December 29| @

text: Memphis

text: FedEx Forum

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 34| December 31|

text: L. A. Clippers

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 35| January 2| @

text: Milwaukee

text: BMO Harris Bradley Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 36| January 4| @

text: Charlotte

text: Time Warner Cable Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 37| January 5| @

text: Houston

text: Toyota Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 38| January 7|

text: Denver

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 39| January 9 | @

text: Chicago

text: United Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 40| January 11|

text: Memphis

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 41| January 13| @

text: Minnesota

text: Target Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 42| January 15| @

text: Sacramento

text: Golden 1 Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 43| January 16| @

text: L.A. Clippers

text: Staples Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 44| January 18| @

text: Golden State

text: Oracle Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 45| January 23| @

text: Utah

text: Vivint Smart Home Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 46| January 25| @

text: New Orleans

text: Smoothie King Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 47| January 26|

text: Dallas

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>||-style="background:#;"|48|January 29|@

text: Cleveland

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>||-style="background:#;"|49|January 31|@

text: San Antonio

text: AT&T Center

text: <br>||- style="background:#;"| 50| February 1|

text: Chicago

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 51| February 3|

text: Memphis

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 52| February 5|

text: Portland

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 53| February 6| @

text: Indiana

text: Bankers Life Fieldhouse

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 54| February 9|

text: Cleveland

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 55| February 11|

text: Golden State

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 56| February 13| @

text: Washington

text: Verizon Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 57| February 15|

text: New York

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- align="center"|colspan="9" bgcolor="#bbcaff"|

text: All-Star Break

text: |- style="background:#;"| 58| February 24|

text: L.A. Lakers

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 59| February 26|

text: New Orleans

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 60| February 28|

text: Utah

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 61| March 2| @

text: Portland

text: Moda Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 62| March 3| @

text: Phoenix

text: Talking Stick Resort Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 63| March 5| @

text: Dallas

text: American Airlines Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 64| March 7|

text: Portland

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 65| March 9|

text: San Antonio

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 66| March 11|

text: Utah

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 67| March 14| @

text: Brooklyn

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 68| March 16| @

text: Toronto

text: Air Canada Centre

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 69| March 18|

text: Sacramento

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 70| March 20|

text: Denver

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 71| March 22|

text: Philadelphia

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 72| March 26| @

text: Houston

text: Toyota Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 73| March 27| @

text: Dallas

text: American Airlines Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 74| March 29| @

text: Orlando

text: Amway Center

text: <br>| |-style="background:#;"|75|March 31|

text: San Antonio

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>||- style="background:#;"| 76| April 2|

text: Charlotte

text: Charlotte Hornets

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 77| April 4|

text: Milwaukee

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 78| April 5| @

text: Memphis

text: FedEx Forum

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 79| April 7| @

text: Phoenix

text: Talking Stick Resort

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 80| April 9|  @

text: Denver

text: Pepsi Center

text: <br>| |- style="background:#;"| 81| April 11| @

text: Minnesota

text: Target Center

text: <br>||- style="background:#;"| 82| April 12|

text: Denver

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>|

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: style="background:#cfc"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: |- style="background:#cfc;"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth is a planet.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the most energy is infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may be absorbed by the ozone layer.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays do not penetrate Earths atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Warm air always sinks to the surface in a convection current.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: || Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (12)| Russell Westbrook (7) | Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 6–2|- style="background:#fcc;"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: |- style="background:#cfc]

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: || Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (12)| Russell Westbrook (7) | Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 6–2|- style="background:#fcc]

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat travels from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Deep purple is part of the ultraviolet spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: |- style="background:#cfc"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: br>

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: light with wavelengths too short for humans to see

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy, thermal energy, and thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Russell Westbrook (36)| Steven Adams (12)| Russell Westbrook

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Convection occurs in the air.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Russell Westbrook (11)| Chesapeake Energy Arena

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 6–2|

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 6–2

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 6–2|

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 6–2

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Russell Westbrook (10)|

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 6–2

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Russell Westbrook

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 6–2|

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Russell Westbrook

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Chesapeake Energy Arena

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: 2–0|-style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 1–0|-style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: 2–0|-style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 2–0|-style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 6–2|-

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: style="background:#cfc;"|

text: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering, also known as climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

text: Climate engineering, commonly referred to as geoengineering, also known as climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s

text: climatic system

text: with the aim of limiting adverse

text: climate change

text: . Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures:

text: carbon dioxide removal

text: and

text: solar radiation management

text: . Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of

text: climate change

text: by removing one of the

text: greenhouse gases

text: carbon dioxide

text: ) from the

text: atmosphere

text: . Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the

text: Earth

text: to absorb less

text: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Solar radiation management

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth absorb less solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a type of measure: carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of climate change?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide and sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth absorbs less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: (carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Climate engineering,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth’s climatic system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: less solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.

text: The

text: greenhouse effect

text: is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does the greenhouse effect affect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be re-radiated

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: elevation of the average surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: lower atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,

text: The terms ″sensible heat″ and ″latent heat″ are specific forms of energy;  they are two properties of a material or in a thermodynamic system. ″Sensible heat″ is a body's internal energy that may be ″sensed″ or felt. ″Latent heat″ is internal energy concerning the phase ( solid / liquid / gas ) of a material and does not affect the temperature.

text: The terms ″sensible heat″ and ″latent heat″ are specific forms of energy;  they are two properties of a material or in a thermodynamic system. ″Sensible heat″ is a body's

text: internal energy

text: that may be ″sensed″ or felt. ″Latent heat″ is internal energy concerning the phase ( solid / liquid / gas ) of a material and does not affect the temperature.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Latent heat is internal energy concerning the phase of a material

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: latent

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: latent

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of a material?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a property of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Latent

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is invisible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sensible heat and latent heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Latent heat is internal energy concerning the phase of a material and does not affect the temperature

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solid / liquid / gas ) of a material

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: temperature.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ′′Sensible heat′′ is a body's internal energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The terms ′′sensible heat′′

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermodynamic system.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The terms ′′sensible heat′′

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ′′sensible heat′′ and ′′latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: does not affect the temperature.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: phase ( solid / liquid / gas ) of a material

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solid / liquid / gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ′′Latent heat′′

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat′′

text: A Swedish scientist, Svante Arrhenius, used Langley's observations of increased infrared absorption where Moon rays pass through the atmosphere at a low angle, encountering more carbon dioxide (), to estimate an atmospheric cooling effect from a future decrease of .  He realized that the cooler atmosphere would hold less water vapor (another greenhouse gas) and calculated the additional cooling effect. He also realized the cooling would increase snow and ice cover at high latitudes, making the planet reflect more sunlight and thus further cool down, as James Croll had hypothesized. Overall Arrhenius calculated that cutting  in half would suffice to produce an ice age. He further calculated that a doubling of atmospheric  would give a total warming of 5-6 degrees Celsius.

text: A Swedish scientist,

text: Svante Arrhenius

text: , used Langley's observations of increased infrared absorption where Moon rays pass through the atmosphere at a low angle, encountering more

text: carbon dioxide

text: (), to estimate an atmospheric cooling effect from a future decrease of .  He realized that the cooler atmosphere would hold less water vapor (another

text: greenhouse gas

text: ) and calculated the additional cooling effect. He also realized the cooling would increase snow and ice cover at high latitudes, making the planet reflect more sunlight and thus further cool down, as

text: James Croll

text: had hypothesized. Overall Arrhenius calculated that cutting  in half would suffice to produce an ice age. He further calculated that a doubling of atmospheric  would give a total warming of 5-6 degrees Celsius.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapor, carbon dioxide, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is infrared?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Increased infrared absorption

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, water vapor, or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Svante Arrhenius was a scientist

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: infrared absorption or infrared absorption?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cutting in half would suffice to produce an ice age

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric cooling

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Moon rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 5-6 degrees Celsius.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared absorption

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: snow and ice cover

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared absorption where Moon rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Moon rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 5-6 degrees Celsius.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Moon rays pass through the atmosphere at a low angle,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: snow and ice cover at high latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: reflect more sunlight

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared absorption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflect more sunlight

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Moon rays pass through the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cutting in half would suffice to produce an ice age.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Moon rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: snow and ice cover at high latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

text: The DF-21D reentry vehicle appears to bear similarities to the American Pershing II missile's RV, which was withdrawn from service in 1988. The Pershing II's RV weighed  and was fitted with four control fins to perform a 25-G pull-up after reentering the atmosphere, traveling at Mach 8 and then gliding  to the target to pitch into a terminal dive. Army training manuals about the missile are available on the internet and public open-source literature extensively describes it; the DF-21 has a comparable range and payload. Though much is made of the DF-21D's damage infliction ability based solely on velocity and kinetic energy, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute has calculated that the energy of an inert  RV impacting at Mach 6 had similar energy to the combined kinetic and explosive power of the American subsonic Harpoon anti-ship missile, which is one-quarter the energy of the Russian supersonic  Kh-22 missile traveling at Mach 4 with a  warhead.

text: The DF-21D reentry vehicle appears to bear similarities to the American

text: Pershing II

text: missile's RV, which was withdrawn from service in 1988. The Pershing II's RV weighed  and was fitted with four control fins to perform a 25-G pull-up after reentering the atmosphere, traveling at Mach 8 and then gliding  to the target to pitch into a terminal dive. Army training manuals about the missile are available on the internet and

text: public open-source literature

text: extensively describes it; the DF-21 has a comparable range and payload. Though much is made of the DF-21D's damage infliction ability based solely on velocity and kinetic energy, the

text: Australian Strategic Policy Institute

text: has calculated that the energy of an inert  RV impacting at Mach 6 had similar energy to the combined kinetic and explosive power of the American subsonic

text: Harpoon

text: anti-ship missile, which is one-quarter the energy of the Russian supersonic

text: missile traveling at Mach 4 with a  warhead.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does the DF-21D emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: G

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Mach 6

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The DF-21D reentry vehicle appears to bear similarities to the American Pershing II missile

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the DF-21D?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the DF-21D reentry vehicle appear to bear similarities to?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does the Australian Strategic Policy Institute mean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Army training manuals about the missile are available on the internet and public open-source literature extensively describes it

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mach 4

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: subsonic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: velocity and kinetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the DF-21D's damage infliction ability based solely on velocity and kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: reentry vehicle's RV

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The greenhouse effect is caused

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: inert

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 25-G pull-up

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: supersonic Kh-22 missile traveling at Mach 4

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Russian supersonic Kh-22 missile traveling at Mach 4

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Mach 6

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Army training manuals

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: one-quarter

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 8

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 8

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: one-quarter

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mach 8

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Mach 6

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy,

text: The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get." Over historical time spans there are a number of nearly constant variables that determine climate, including latitude, altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains. These change only over periods of millions of years due to processes such as plate tectonics. Other climate determinants are more dynamic: the thermohaline circulation of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean compared to other ocean basins. Other ocean currents redistribute heat between land and water on a more regional scale. The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level. Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling. The variables which determine climate are numerous and the interactions complex, but there is general agreement that the broad outlines are understood, at least insofar as the determinants of historical climate change are concerned.

text: The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get." Over

text: historical

text: time spans there are a number of nearly constant variables that determine climate, including

text: latitude

text: , altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains. These change only over periods of millions of years due to processes such as

text: plate tectonics

text: . Other climate determinants are more dynamic: the

text: thermohaline circulation

text: of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: compared to other ocean basins. Other

text: ocean current

text: s redistribute heat between land and water on a more regional scale. The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level. Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to

text: global warming

text: or

text: global cooling

text: . The variables which determine climate are numerous and the interactions complex, but there is general agreement that the broad outlines are understood, at least insofar as the determinants of historical climate change are concerned.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get" mean?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: altitude

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming or global cooling

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What does the phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get" mean?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the difference between climate and weather?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: climate is what you expect, weather is what you get

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ocean currents redistribute heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to global warming?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy retained by the planet

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean basins

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: altitude

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar heat absorption,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: global warming or global cooling.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming or global cooling.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar heat absorption,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ocean currents redistribute heat between land and water

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: redistribute heat between land and water

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar heat absorption,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar heat

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat absorption,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar heat

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: weather is what you get."

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming or global cooling.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases

text: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy from the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere, while dominating the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Therefore, understanding the atmospheric tides is essential in understanding the atmosphere as a whole. Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides are needed in order to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere (see ).

text: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy from the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere, while dominating the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Therefore, understanding the atmospheric tides is essential in understanding the atmosphere as a whole. Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides are needed in order to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere (see ).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very low energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: transport energy from the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of transport?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is needed in order to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, conduction, or heat?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a spectrum: ultraviolet, mesosphere, or thermosphere?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transporting

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by transporting energy from the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: tides

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy from the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The tides form an important mechanism for transporting energy from the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The tides

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy from the lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: transporting energy from the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere,

text: Anaerobic glycolysis is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms before oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere and thus would represent a more ancient form of energy production in cells.

text: Anaerobic glycolysis is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms before oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere and thus would represent a more ancient form of energy production in cells.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause cells to produce more energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy production

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored in a cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth's surface heat up?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be used to produce energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be used to produce energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Anerobic glycolysis is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: oxygen is at high concentration

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: cells.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy production

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cells.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: cells.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Anaerobic glycolysis

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere

text: When a high-energy particle from outer space ("primary" cosmic ray) encounters Earth, its first interaction is usually with an air molecule at an altitude of 30 km or so. This encounter causes the air molecule to split into smaller pieces, each having high energy. The smaller pieces are called "secondary" cosmic rays, and they in turn hit other air molecules resulting in more secondary cosmic rays. The process continues and is termed an "atmospheric cascade". If the primary cosmic ray that started the cascade has energy over 500 MeV, some of its secondary byproducts (including neutrons) will reach ground level where they can be detected by neutron monitors.

text: When a high-energy particle from outer space ("primary" cosmic ray) encounters Earth, its first interaction is usually with an air molecule at an altitude of 30 km or so. This encounter causes the air molecule to split into smaller pieces, each having high energy. The smaller pieces are called "secondary" cosmic rays, and they in turn hit other air molecules resulting in more secondary cosmic rays. The process continues and is termed an "atmospheric cascade". If the primary cosmic ray that started the cascade has energy over 500 MeV, some of its secondary byproducts (including

text: neutron

text: s) will reach ground level where they can be detected by neutron monitors.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: air molecules, neutrons or neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for a high-energy particle from outer space

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric cascade

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: secondary cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: When a high-energy particle from outer space

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the last statement in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The process continues and is termed an "atmospheric cascade"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What causes the air molecule to split into smaller pieces

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The smaller pieces are called "secondary" cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: secondary cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: neutron monitors.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: When a high-energy particle from outer space

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neutrons) will reach ground level

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 30 km

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: neutron monitors.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When a high-energy particle from outer space

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: When a high-energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutron monitors.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: split into smaller pieces, each having high energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "secondary" cosmic rays,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrons)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air molecule

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "atmospheric cascade".

text: Methane can be removed from the atmosphere through a reaction of the photochemically produced hydroxyl free radical (OH). It can also leave the atmosphere by entering the stratosphere, where it is destroyed, or by being absorbed into soil sinks. Because methane reacts fairly quickly with other compounds, it does not stay in the atmosphere as long as many other greenhouse gases, e.g. carbon dioxide. It has an atmospheric lifetime of about eight years. This keeps the concentration of methane in the atmosphere relatively low and is the reason that it currently plays a secondary role in the greenhouse effect to carbon dioxide, despite the fact that it produces a much more powerful greenhouse effect per volume.

text: Methane can be removed from the atmosphere through a reaction of the photochemically produced

text: hydroxyl

text: free radical (OH). It can also leave the atmosphere by entering the stratosphere, where it is destroyed, or by being absorbed into soil sinks. Because methane reacts fairly quickly with other compounds, it does not stay in the atmosphere as long as many other greenhouse gases, e.g. carbon dioxide. It has an atmospheric lifetime of about eight years. This keeps the concentration of methane in the atmosphere relatively low and is the reason that it currently plays a secondary role in the greenhouse effect to carbon dioxide, despite the fact that it produces a much more powerful greenhouse effect per volume.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photochemical

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does methane play a secondary role in the greenhouse effect to carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be removed from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a compound: methane, carbon dioxide, or wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photochemical

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the concentration of methane in the atmosphere relatively low

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: compounds,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: (OH).

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Methane can be removed from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: (OH). It can also leave the atmosphere by entering the stratosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: destroyed, or by being absorbed into soil sinks.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: eight years.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: soil sinks.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photochemically produced hydroxyl free radical

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.  Much of this energy is lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space, and the rest of the energy is distributed throughout the five components of Earth's climate system.  This system is made up of earth's water, ice, atmosphere, rocky crust, and all living things.

text: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.  Much of this energy is lost when the earth re-radiates it back into

text: outer space

text: , and the rest of the energy is distributed throughout the five components of Earth's

text: climate system

text: .  This system is made up of earth's

text: water

text: ice

text: atmosphere

text: rocky crust

text: , and all

text: living things

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a component of the Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Earth receives from the sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a component of Earth's climate system?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be found in outer space

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be found in outer space

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: much of this energy is lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: rocky crust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: living things.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer space,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: outer space,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Earth's energy budget accounts for the energy Earth receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water, ice, atmosphere, rocky crust,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: lost when the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the earth re-radiates it back into outer space,

text: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary, slowly becoming thinner and fading into outer space. Three-quarters of the atmosphere's mass is contained within the first 11 km of the surface. This lowest layer is called the troposphere. Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing expansion of the air. This lower-density air then rises and is replaced by cooler, higher-density air. The result is atmospheric circulation that drives the weather and climate through redistribution of thermal energy.

text: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary, slowly becoming thinner and fading into outer space. Three-quarters of the atmosphere's mass is contained within the first 11 km of the surface. This lowest layer is called the troposphere. Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing expansion of the air. This lower-density air then rises and is replaced by cooler, higher-density air. The result is

text: atmospheric circulation

text: that drives the weather and climate through redistribution of thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the troposphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no definite boundary

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: outer space

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun heats

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Energy from the Sun heats this layer,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: fading into outer space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lower-density air then rises

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: expansion of the air.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: weather and climate through redistribution of thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: redistribution of thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: outer space.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: outer space.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth's atmosphere has no definite boundary,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy from the Sun heats this layer,

text: Full-spectrum light is light that covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular, sunlight is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions.

text: Full-spectrum light is light that covers the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: from

text: infrared

text: to near-

text: ultraviolet

text: , or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular,

text: sunlight

text: is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: from infrared to near-ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: full spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: change with time of day and latitude

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: how does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Sunlight is the only source of energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: full spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared to near-ultraviolet,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Full-spectrum light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric conditions.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the solar spectral distribution

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight

text: Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations. Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time. Radial pulsations are a special case, where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape. The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve (or Kappa) Mechanism. The stars have a helium rich atmosphere. As helium is heated it becomes more ionised, which is more opaque.  So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping. The energy from this “blocked light” causes the helium to heat up, expand, ionise, become more transparent and therefore allow more light through. As more light is let through the star appears brighter and, with the expansion, the helium begins to cool down. Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues.  Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip. They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch.

text: Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations. Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time. Radial pulsations are a special case, where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape. The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve (or Kappa) Mechanism. The stars have a helium rich atmosphere. As helium is heated it becomes more ionised, which is more opaque.  So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping. The energy from this “blocked light” causes the helium to heat up, expand, ionise, become more transparent and therefore allow more light through. As more light is let through the star appears brighter and, with the expansion, the helium begins to cool down. Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues.  Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip. They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of pulsation: radial or non-radial?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Radial pulsations

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Which of the following is not a type of pulsation?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: What causes the helium to heat up?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why does the helium become more ionised?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star: Delta Scuti stars, Kappa Mechanism, or helium rich atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: non-radial pulsations

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or helium?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Light is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ionised opaque helium

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cepheid

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and heat.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Delta Scuti stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Delta Scuti stars expanding and contracting

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Delta Scuti stars

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: helium rich atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: helium rich atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ionised,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Cepheid instability strip.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Non-radial pulsations

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Cepheid instability strip.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: blocking part of the light from escaping.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: helium rich atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: helium rich atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ionised opaque helium

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Cepheid instability strip.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The energy from this “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: helium rich atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Delta Scuti stars

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Delta Scuti stars

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Cepheid instability strip.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light from escaping. The energy from this “blocked light”

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Eddington Valve (or Kappa) Mechanism.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: helium

text: AIRS measures the infrared brightness coming up from Earth's surface and from the atmosphere. Its scan mirror rotates around an axis along the line of flight and directs infrared energy from the Earth into the instrument. As the spacecraft moves along, this mirror sweeps the ground creating a scan swath that extends roughly 800 kilometers on either side of the ground track. Within the instrument, an advanced, high-resolution spectrometer separates the infrared energy into wavelengths.

text: AIRS measures the

text: infrared

text: brightness coming up from Earth's surface and from the atmosphere. Its scan mirror rotates around an axis along the line of flight and directs infrared energy from the Earth into the instrument. As the spacecraft moves along, this mirror sweeps the ground creating a scan swath that extends roughly 800 kilometers on either side of the

text: ground track

text: . Within the instrument, an advanced, high-resolution

text: spectrometer

text: separates the

text: infrared

text: energy into

text: wavelength

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does the spectrometer separate into wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does AIRS measure?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light or infrared?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What kind of light does AIRS measure?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of infrared?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of infrared energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does AIRS measure?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of infrared energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a wavelength: infrared, ultraviolet or infrared?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: directs infrared energy from the Earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared brightness

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: AIRS

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's surface and from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared brightness

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Earth's surface and from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: AIRS

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: spectrometer separates the infrared energy into wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: AIRS

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared brightness

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: wavelengths.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: AIRS measures the infrared brightness

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: infrared energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared brightness

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface and from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmosphere.

text: Both sensible and latent heats are observed in many processes of transport of energy in nature. changes of Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,  vaporization and condensation, whereas sensible heat is energy that reflects the temperature of the atmosphere or ocean, or ice.

text: Both sensible and latent heats are observed in many processes of transport of energy in nature. changes of Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,

text: vaporization

text: and

text: condensation

text: , whereas sensible heat is energy that reflects the temperature of the atmosphere or ocean, or ice.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Latent

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Latent

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the difference between sensible heat and latent heat?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does condensation occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not observed in many processes

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a process of transport of energy in nature?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a process of transport of energy in nature?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a laser

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be used as a source of heat

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Latent heat and sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vaporization and condensation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: condensation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ice.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: change of phase of atmospheric water, vaporization and condensation,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sensible and latent heats

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric water,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: vaporization and condensation, whereas sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: condensation,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sensible heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Latent heat is associated with the change of phase of atmospheric water,

text: Earth's biosphere has significantly altered its atmosphere. Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved , forming the primarily nitrogen–oxygen atmosphere of today. This change enabled the proliferation of aerobic organisms and, indirectly, the formation of the ozone layer due to the subsequent conversion of atmospheric O into O. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation, permitting life on land. Other atmospheric functions important to life include transporting water vapor, providing useful gases, causing small meteors to burn up before they strike the surface, and moderating temperature. This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone are the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without this heat-retention effect, the average surface temperature would be −18 °C, in contrast to the current +15 °C, and life would likely not exist.

text: Earth's

text: biosphere

text: has significantly altered its

text: atmosphere

text: Oxygenic photosynthesis

text: evolved ,

text: forming

text: the primarily nitrogen–oxygen atmosphere of today. This change enabled the proliferation of

text: aerobic organisms

text: and, indirectly, the formation of the

text: ozone layer

text: due to the subsequent

text: conversion of atmospheric O into O

text: . The ozone layer blocks

text: ultraviolet

text: solar radiation

text: , permitting life on land. Other atmospheric functions important to life include transporting water vapor, providing useful gases, causing small

text: meteor

text: s to burn up before they strike the surface, and moderating temperature. This last phenomenon is known as the

text: greenhouse effect

text: : trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture

text: thermal energy

text: emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. Water vapor, carbon dioxide,

text: methane

text: , and

text: ozone

text: are the primary

text: greenhouse gas

text: es in the atmosphere. Without this heat-retention effect, the average surface temperature would be −18 °C, in contrast to the current +15 °C, and life would likely not exist.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: without this heat-retention effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the ozone layer block?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What does the ozone layer block?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why would the average surface temperature be  18 °C?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: What are the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis evolved

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How do trace molecules capture thermal energy emitted from the ground?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy emitted from the ground

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth's biosphere has significantly altered its atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's biosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's biosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the ground emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: moderating temperature.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nitrogen–oxygen

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: transporting water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: moderating temperature.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: raising the average temperature.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transporting water vapor, providing useful gases,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: trace molecules

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy emitted from the ground,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet solar radiation,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy emitted from the ground,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: small meteors to burn up before they strike the surface,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's biosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect:

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted from the ground,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy

text: Ecological energetics- Electric potential energy- Electrochemical energy conversion- Embodied energy- Encircled energy- Energy- Energy accidents- Energy accounting- Energy amplifier- Energy analyser- Energy applications of nanotechnology- Energy balance (biology)- Energy bar- Energy barrier- Energy being- Energy carrier- Energy Catalyzer- Energy cell- Energy charge- Energy conservation- Energy conversion efficiency- Energy crop- Energy current- Energy density- Energy-depth relationship in a rectangular channel- Energy development- Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy- Energy distance- Energy drift- Energy drink- Energy efficiency gap- Energy-Efficient Ethernet- Energy-efficient landscaping- Energy elasticity- Energy engineering- Energy (esotericism)- Energy expenditure- Energy factor- Energy field disturbance- Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy- Energy transfer- Energy flow (ecology)- Energy flux- Energy forestry- Energy functional- Energy gel- Energy harvesting- Energy input labeling- Energy landscape- Energy level- Energy level splitting- Energy management software- Energy management system- Energy–maneuverability theory- Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc- Energy medicine- Energy–momentum relation- Energy monitoring and targeting- Energy Probe- Energy profile (chemistry)- Energy quality- Energy recovery ventilation- Energy security- Energy (signal processing)- Energy Slave- Energy Star- Energy statistics- Energy Storage Challenge- Energy storage- Energy system- Energy technology- Energy tower (downdraft)- Energy transfer- Energy transfer upconversion- Energy transformation- Energy value of coal- Energy vortex (stargate)- Enthalpy- Entropy- Equipartition theorem- E-statistic- Exertion

text: Ecological energetics

text: Electric potential energy

text: Electrochemical energy conversion

text: Embodied energy

text: Encircled energy

text: Energy

text: Energy accidents

text: Energy accounting

text: Energy amplifier

text: Energy analyser

text: Energy applications of nanotechnology

text: Energy balance (biology)

text: Energy bar

text: Energy barrier

text: Energy being

text: Energy carrier

text: Energy Catalyzer

text: Energy cell

text: Energy charge

text: Energy conservation

text: Energy conversion efficiency

text: Energy crop

text: Energy current

text: Energy density

entity_name: Energy–depth relationship in a rectangular channel

text: Energy-depth relationship in a rectangular channel

text: Energy development

text: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

text: Energy distance

text: Energy drift

text: Energy drink

text: Energy efficiency gap

text: Energy-Efficient Ethernet

text: Energy-efficient landscaping

text: Energy elasticity

text: Energy engineering

text: Energy (esotericism)

text: Energy expenditure

text: Energy factor

text: Energy field disturbance

entity_name: Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy

text: Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy

text: Energy transfer

text: Energy flow (ecology)

text: Energy flux

text: Energy forestry

text: Energy functional

text: Energy gel

text: Energy harvesting

text: Energy input labeling

text: Energy landscape

text: Energy level

text: Energy level splitting

text: Energy management software

text: Energy management system

text: Energy–maneuverability theory

text: Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc

text: Energy medicine

text: Energy–momentum relation

text: Energy monitoring and targeting

text: Energy Probe

text: Energy profile (chemistry)

text: Energy quality

text: Energy recovery ventilation

text: Energy security

text: Energy (signal processing)

text: Energy Slave

text: Energy Star

text: Energy statistics

text: Energy Storage Challenge

text: Energy storage

text: Energy system

text: Energy technology

text: Energy tower (downdraft)

text: Energy transfer

text: Energy transfer upconversion

text: Energy transformation

text: Energy value of coal

text: Energy vortex (stargate)

text: Enthalpy

text: Entropy

text: Equipartition theorem

text: E-statistic

text: Exertion

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy supply

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Energy flow

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy factor

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Encircle the Earth

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energy barrier

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Enthalpy is the amount of energy a substance has.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Equipartition theorem

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy field disturbance

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy–maneuverability theory

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanometer

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Energy vortex

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Energy–momentum relation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electric potential energy and electrochemical energy conversion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy is a renewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Energy towers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy vortex

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Equipartition theory

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy stored in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Energy transfer-

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Embodied energy-

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electrochemical energy conversion-

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy Probe-

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Energy vortex

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Energy distance-

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy–momentum relation- Energy monitoring and targeting-

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Energy field disturbance-

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy Probe-

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Energy tower (downdraft)- Energy transfer-

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy–maneuverability theory-

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Exertion

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanotechnology-

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy current-

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy–momentum relation-

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Energy transfer-

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: X-ray spectroscopy-

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Electrochemical energy conversion-

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray spectroscopy-

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy transfer-

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray spectroscopy-

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electric potential energy-

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy drink-

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Energy flux-

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Energy carrier-

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Energy quality-

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Energy-depth relationship in a rectangular channel-

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nanotechnology-

text: Absorption bands in the infrared are due to modes of vibrational excitation in water vapor. However, at energies too low to excite water vapor, the atmosphere becomes transparent again, allowing free transmission of most microwave and radio waves.

text: Absorption bands in the infrared are due to modes of vibrational excitation in water vapor. However, at energies too low to excite water vapor, the atmosphere becomes transparent again, allowing free transmission of most microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: microwaves, radio waves or infrared?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: excitation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: microwave and radio waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared are due to modes of vibrational excitation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energies too low to excite water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: modes of vibrational excitation in water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energies

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Absorption bands in the infrared

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: vibrational excitation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energies too low to excite water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: microwave and radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Absorption bands

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: modes of vibrational excitation in water vapor.

text: All forms of energy are either potential energy (e.g. Chemical, gravitational, electrical energy, temperature differential, latent heat, etc.) or kinetic energy (e.g. momentum). Some technologies provide only short-term energy storage, and others can be very long-term such as power to gas using hydrogen or methane and the storage of heat or cold between opposing seasons in deep aquifers or bedrock.  A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case mechanical, in the spring tension), a battery stores readily convertible chemical energy to operate a mobile phone, and a hydroelectric dam stores energy in a reservoir as gravitational potential energy. Ice storage tanks store ice (thermal energy in the form of latent heat) at night to meet peak demand for cooling. Fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, became buried and over time were then converted into these fuels. Even food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form.

text: All forms of energy are either

text: potential energy

text: (e.g.

text: Chemical

text: gravitation

text: al,

text: electrical energy

text: , temperature differential,

text: latent heat

text: , etc.) or

text: kinetic energy

text: (e.g.

text: momentum

text: ). Some technologies provide only short-term energy storage, and others can be very long-term such as

text: power to gas

text: using

text: hydrogen

text: or

text: methane

text: and the

text: storage of heat or cold between opposing seasons

text: in deep aquifers or bedrock.  A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case mechanical, in the spring tension), a

text: battery

text: stores readily convertible chemical energy to operate a mobile phone, and a

text: hydroelectric

text: dam stores

text: energy

text: in a

text: reservoir

text: as gravitational

text: potential energy

text: Ice storage

text: tanks store ice (

text: thermal energy

text: in the form of latent heat) at night to meet peak demand for cooling.

text: Fossil fuel

text: s such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, became buried and over time were then converted into these fuels. Even

text: food

text: (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in

text: chemical

text: form.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: potential energy or kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: potential energy or kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: latent heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: potential energy or kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: potential energy or kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy stored in chemical form

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is stored in chemical form?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy stored in chemical form?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy is stored in chemical form?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Fossil

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy and kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case mechanical, in the spring tension)

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ice storage tanks

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Latent heat

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: potential energy (e.g. Chemical, gravitational, electrical energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: temperature differential,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: potential energy (e.g. Chemical, gravitational, electrical energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: All

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: hydrogen or methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a battery

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wind-up clock stores potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ice (thermal energy in the form of latent heat)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: food

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: All

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: deep aquifers or bedrock.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: temperature differential, latent heat,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Fossil fuels

text: This is an F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of F2 V, where the luminosity class V indicates that it is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. It is slightly larger than the Sun, with 108% of the Sun's mass and 139% of the Sun's radius. HD 49933 emits 3.47 times as much energy as the Sun from its outer atmosphere at a higher effective temperature of about 6,598 K, giving it the yellow-white hue of an F-type star. It is estimated to be 2.4 billion years old.

text: This is an

text: F-type main sequence star

text: with a

text: stellar classification

text: of F2 V, where the

text: luminosity class

text: V indicates that it is generating energy through the

text: nuclear fusion

text: of hydrogen at its core. It is slightly larger than the Sun, with 108% of the

text: Sun's mass

text: and 139% of the

text: Sun's radius

text: . HD 49933 emits 3.47 times as much

text: energy

text: as the Sun from its

text: outer atmosphere

text: at a higher

text: effective temperature

text: of about 6,598 K, giving it the yellow-white hue of an

text: F-type star

text: . It is estimated to be 2.4 billion years old.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: hydrogen or hydrogen at its core?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of star is HD 49933?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: F-type

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emit 3.47 times as much energy as the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is HD 49933 estimated to be 2.4 billion years old?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of HD 49933?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does HD 49933 emit 3.47 times as much energy as the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of star?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: how many times as much energy as the sun from its outer atmosphere at a higher effective temperature

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can not be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How many times as much energy as the Sun does HD 49933 emit from its outer atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or yellow-white hue?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or nuclear fusion?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun is slightly larger than the Earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the yellow-white hue of an F-type star

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: generating energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: F-type main sequence star

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear fusion of hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: HD 49933

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: HD 49933

text: Hansen was invited to testify before the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on June 23, 1988. Hansen testified that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming...It is already happening now" and "The greenhouse effect has been detected and it is changing our climate now...We already reached the point where the greenhouse effect is important." Hansen said that NASA was 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

text: Hansen was invited to testify before the

entity_name: United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

text: United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

text: on June 23, 1988. Hansen testified that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming...It is already happening now" and "The greenhouse effect has been detected and it is changing our climate now...We already reached the point where the greenhouse effect is important." Hansen said that NASA was 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Hansen testify about?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What does Hansen testify about?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Hansen?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does Hansen mean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Hansen was invited to testify before the United States Senate Committee

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does Hansen testify about?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does Hansen feel about global warming?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: random fluctuation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: releasing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Hansen testified

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: warming...It

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy and Natural Resources

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy and Natural Resources

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a high degree of confidence

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 1988.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "Global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

text: Thomson scattering is the result of a collision between a photon (an electromagnetic wave) and a charged particle, such as an electron. When an electron and photon "collide" the electron feels a Lorentz force from the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of the photon and is accelerated. This acceleration causes the electron to emit a different photon in a different direction. This emitted photon has a wavelength shifted from that of the incident photon by an amount dependent on the electron energy. Another way of looking at this is that the electron absorbs the energy of the photon and re emits the energy in the form of a different electromagnetic wave. This scattering of a photon by an electron is called Thomson Scattering.

text: Thomson scattering is the result of a collision between a photon (an electromagnetic wave) and a charged particle, such as an electron. When an electron and photon "collide" the electron feels a Lorentz force from the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of the photon and is accelerated. This acceleration causes the electron to emit a different photon in a different direction. This emitted photon has a wavelength shifted from that of the incident photon by an amount dependent on the electron energy. Another way of looking at this is that the electron absorbs the energy of the photon and re emits the energy in the form of a different electromagnetic wave. This scattering of a photon by an electron is called Thomson Scattering.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: photons, electrons, or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a photon?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Thomson Scattering

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How does Thomson scattering work?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the result of a collision between a photon and a charged particle?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a way to look at this?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is the result of a collision

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic wave

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of Thomson scattering?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves and photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the electron absorbs the energy of the photon

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thomson scattering?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: charged particle,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic wave)

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic wave)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: accelerated.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy of the photon and re emits the energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electron energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic wave)

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Thomson scattering is the result of a collision between a photon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic wave)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electron energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic wave) and a charged particle,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thomson scattering

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Thomson scattering

text: Mechanical resonators work by transferring energy repeatedly from kinetic to potential form and back again. In the pendulum, for example, all the energy is stored as gravitational energy (a form of potential energy) when the bob is instantaneously motionless at the top of its swing. This energy is proportional to both the mass of the bob and its height above the lowest point. As the bob descends and picks up speed, its potential energy is gradually converted to kinetic energy (energy of movement), which is proportional to the bob's mass and to the square of its speed. When the bob is at the bottom of its travel, it has maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy. The same process then happens in reverse as the bob climbs towards the top of its swing.

text: Mechanical resonators work by transferring energy repeatedly from

text: kinetic

text: to

text: potential

text: form and back again. In the pendulum, for example, all the energy is stored as

text: gravitational

text: energy (a form of potential energy) when the bob is instantaneously motionless at the top of its swing. This energy is proportional to both the mass of the

text: bob

text: and its height above the lowest point. As the bob descends and picks up speed, its potential energy is gradually converted to kinetic energy (energy of movement), which is proportional to the bob's mass and to the square of its speed. When the bob is at the bottom of its travel, it has maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy. The same process then happens in reverse as the bob climbs towards the top of its swing.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy is stored as gravitational energy in the pendulum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a form of

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not proportional to the bob's mass?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is stored as gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy do mechanical resonators work by transferring repeatedly from kinetic to potential form and back again?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The same process then happens in reverse as the bob climbs towards the top of its swing.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy is stored as gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Mechanical resonators work by transferring energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic to potential form and back again.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Mechanical resonators

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic to potential

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: instantaneously motionless

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy

text: The Ultra beings' main weakness is that they can only stay on Earth in giant form for a limited span of time, usually not longer than three minutes, owing to a limited supply of energy (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy). This is marked by a light on the character's body usually called the Color Timer, or "warning light," which eventually begins to blink with increasing frequency as his energy supply dwindles (and turns from blue to red). At this stage, the Ultra beings must either find a way to recharge or finish the fight as soon as possible, or involuntarily revert to human form, or worse, risk certain death. Some say another reason for Ultraman to recharge is because the Earth is badly polluted by humans, so Ultraman only has three minutes on Earth, but can survive long enough in outer space. The time limit only happens inside the Earth's atmosphere but they have none of those setbacks outside. To counter this, Ultramen almost always merge with a human host or create a human form for themselves in order to survive on Earth, more often than not reviving a recently dead person with their own lifeforce. In other cases a large enough amount of energy can be utilized to bring them back to life, usually provided by their human allies, even after being completely destroyed, as was the case with Mebius' death at the hands of Empira, only to be revived shortly thereafter by the life energy of his allies.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Earth's atmosphere filter out?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: the Color Timer

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main weakness of the Ultra beings?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: limited supply of energy (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy)

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy supply dwindles

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "warning light"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Color Timer,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Color Timer,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Color Timer,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: blue to red).

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: finish the fight as soon as possible,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: humans,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: reviving a recently dead person with their own lifeforce.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: blue to red).

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Color Timer,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Color Timer,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: can survive long enough in outer space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: (Earth's atmosphere filters out solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar energy).

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans,

text: Another type of indirect WIMP signal could come from the Sun. Halo WIMPs may, as they pass through the Sun, interact with solar protons, helium nuclei as well as heavier elements. If a WIMP loses enough energy in such an interaction to fall below the local escape velocity, it would not have enough energy to escape the gravitational pull of the Sun and would remain gravitationally bound. As more and more WIMPs thermalize inside the Sun, they begin to annihilate with each other, forming a variety of particles, including high-energy neutrinos.These neutrinos may then travel to the Earth to be detected in one of the many neutrino telescopes, such as the Super-Kamiokande detector in Japan. The number of neutrino events detected per day at these detectors depends on the properties of the WIMP, as well as on the mass of the Higgs boson. Similar experiments are underway to detect neutrinos from WIMP annihilations within the Earth and from within the galactic center.

text: Another type of indirect WIMP signal could come from the Sun. Halo WIMPs may, as they pass through the Sun, interact with solar protons, helium nuclei as well as heavier elements. If a WIMP loses enough energy in such an interaction to fall below the local

text: escape velocity

text: , it would not have enough energy to escape the gravitational pull of the Sun and would remain gravitationally bound. As more and more WIMPs thermalize inside the Sun, they begin to

text: annihilate

text: with each other, forming a variety of particles, including high-energy

text: neutrino

text: s.These neutrinos may then travel to the Earth to be detected in one of the many neutrino telescopes, such as the

text: Super-Kamiokande

text: detector in Japan. The number of neutrino events detected per day at these detectors depends on the properties of the WIMP, as well as on the mass of the

text: Higgs boson

text: . Similar experiments are underway to detect neutrinos from WIMP annihilations within the Earth and from within the galactic center.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermalize

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of signal could come from the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: WIMP

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: annihilate with each other

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neutrinos may then travel to the Earth

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of neutrino?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: If a WIMP loses enough energy in such an interaction to fall below the local escape velocity, it would not have enough energy to escape

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of neutrino?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: WIMP

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: halo

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Higgs boson

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth and the galactic center

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational pull

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gravitational pull

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: WIMP annihilation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Another type of indirect WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: WIMP signal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gravitationally bound.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: local escape velocity,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Halo WIMPs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high-energy neutrinos.These

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: solar protons, helium nuclei as well as heavier elements.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: neutrinos may then travel to the Earth

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high-energy neutrinos.These

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: it would not have enough energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Another type of indirect WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutrinos.These

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar protons,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: neutrino telescopes,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: WIMP signal

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Another type of indirect WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutrino telescopes,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar protons,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrino telescopes,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: high-energy neutrinos.These

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy to escape the gravitational pull of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational pull

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: local escape velocity,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: WIMP signal could come from the Sun.

text: Longwave radiation typically refers to radiation in the spectral region from 3 to 100 microns.  In the Earth’s climate system, longwave radiation involves processes of absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases, aerosols, clouds and the surface.   Measuring outgoing longwave radiation at the top of atmosphere and downwelling longwave radiation at the surface are important for understanding how much radiative energy is kept in our climate system, how much reaches and warms the surface, and how the energy in the atmosphere is distributed to affect developments of clouds.

text: Longwave radiation typically refers to radiation in the spectral region from 3 to 100 microns.  In the Earth’s climate system, longwave radiation involves processes of absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases, aerosols, clouds and the surface.   Measuring outgoing longwave radiation at the top of atmosphere and downwelling longwave radiation at the surface are important for understanding how much radiative energy is kept in our climate system, how much reaches and warms the surface, and how the energy in the atmosphere is distributed to affect developments of clouds.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of longwave radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a spectral region: 3 to 100 microns or clouds?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: downwelling

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Microns

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: longwave radiation typically refers to radiation in the spectral region from 3 to 100 microns

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reaches and warm the surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How much reaches and warms the surface

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of radiative energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a process of absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a process of absorption?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: downwelling longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is important for understanding

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microns

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a process of absorption, scattering, and emissions?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of longwave radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microns

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microns

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiative energy is kept in our climate system

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: development of clouds

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 3 to 100 microns.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 3 to 100 microns.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 3 to 100 microns.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: downwelling longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warms the surface,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microns.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reaches and warms the surface,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption, scattering,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric gases,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: clouds.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: longwave radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gases,

text: The major atmospheric gases (oxygen and nitrogen) are transparent to incoming sunlight but are also transparent to outgoing thermal (infrared) radiation. However, water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and other trace gases are opaque to many wavelengths of thermal radiation. The Earth's surface radiates the net equivalent of 17 percent of the incoming solar energy in the form of thermal infrared. However, the amount that directly escapes to space is only about 12 percent of incoming solar energy. The remaining fraction, 5 to 6 percent, is absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gas molecules.

text: The major

text: atmospheric

text: gases (

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: ) are transparent to incoming sunlight but are also transparent to outgoing thermal (

text: infrared

text: ) radiation. However,

text: water vapor

text: carbon dioxide

text: methane

text: and other trace gases are opaque to many

text: wavelength

text: s of thermal radiation. The Earth's surface radiates the net equivalent of 17 percent of the incoming

text: solar energy

text: in the form of thermal infrared. However, the amount that directly escapes to space is only about 12 percent of incoming solar energy. The remaining fraction, 5 to 6 percent, is absorbed by the atmosphere by

text: greenhouse gas

text: molecule

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of radiation does the Earth's surface emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is transparent to incoming sunlight

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth's surface radiate the net equivalent of 17 percent of the incoming solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a trace gas: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: direct escapes to space is only about 12 percent of incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal infrared

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: (infrared) radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: opaque to many wavelengths of thermal radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: incoming sunlight

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal infrared.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The major atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: incoming solar energy in the form of thermal infrared.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 5 to 6 percent, is absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: incoming solar energy in the form of thermal infrared.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal infrared.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: (infrared)

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide, methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbed by the atmosphere by greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the amount that directly escapes to space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gas molecules.

text: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere, responsible for 70% of the known absorption of incoming sunlight, particularly in the infrared region, and about 60% of the atmospheric absorption of thermal radiation by the Earth known as the greenhouse effect. It is also an important factor in multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging used in remote sensing because water vapor absorbs radiation differently in different spectral bands. Its effects are also an important consideration in infrared astronomy and radio astronomy in the microwave or millimeter wave bands. The South Pole Telescope was constructed in Antarctica in part because the elevation and low temperatures there mean there is very little water vapor in the atmosphere.

text: Water vapor is a

text: greenhouse gas

text: in the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , responsible for 70% of the known absorption of incoming

text: sunlight

text: , particularly in the infrared region, and about 60% of the atmospheric absorption of

text: thermal radiation

text: by the Earth known as the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . It is also an important factor in

text: multispectral imaging

text: and

text: hyperspectral imaging

text: used in

text: remote sensing

text: because water vapor absorbs radiation differently in different spectral bands. Its effects are also an important consideration in

text: infrared astronomy

text: and

text: radio astronomy

text: in the

text: microwave

text: or

text: millimeter wave

text: bands. The

text: South Pole Telescope

text: was constructed in

text: Antarctica

text: in part because the elevation and low temperatures there mean there is very little water vapor in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance: water vapor, infrared radiation, or air?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does water vapor absorb?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incoming sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: millimeter

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: water vapor absorb

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It is an important factor in multispectral imaging

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is an important factor in multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging used in remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: millimeter wave

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: how does water vapor absorb radiation differently in different spectral bands

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio astronomy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Antarctica in part because the elevation and low temperatures there mean there is very little water vapor in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The South Pole Telescope

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: 70% of the known absorption of incoming sunlight

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave or millimeter

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Water vapor

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: incoming sunlight, particularly in the infrared region,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging used in remote sensing

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Water vapor

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio astronomy in the microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microwave or millimeter wave bands.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The South Pole Telescope was constructed in Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: incoming sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Water vapor

text: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3 (ATLAS-03) was the primary payload aboard STS-66. It continued the series of Spacelab flights to study the energy of the sun and how it affects the Earth's climate and environment. The ATLAS-03 mission made the first detailed measurements from the Shuttle of the Northern Hemisphere's middle atmosphere in late fall. The timing of the flight, when the Antarctic ozone hole is diminishing, allowed scientists to study possible effects of the ozone hole on mid-latitudes, the way Antarctic air recovers, and how the northern atmosphere changes as the winter season approaches.

text: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3 (ATLAS-03) was the primary payload aboard STS-66. It continued the series of Spacelab flights to study the energy of the sun and how it affects the Earth's climate and environment. The ATLAS-03 mission made the first detailed measurements from the Shuttle of the Northern Hemisphere's middle atmosphere in late fall. The timing of the flight, when the

text: Antarctic

text: ozone

text: hole is diminishing, allowed scientists to study possible effects of the ozone hole on mid-latitudes, the way

text: Antarctic

text: air recovers, and how the northern atmosphere changes as the winter season approaches.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: energy of the sun or matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was the primary payload aboard STS-66?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: how it affects the Earth's climate and environment

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ozone hole

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the primary payload aboard STS-66?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared light, ultraviolet light, or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's climate and environment

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the primary payload aboard STS-66?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of studying the energy of the sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where is the ozone hole?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of convection currents: warm air always sinks to the surface in a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect affect the Earth's climate and environment?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3 (ATLAS-03) was the primary payload aboard STS-66

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor, or both?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the energy of the sun?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, conduction or air?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Spacelab flights

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Spacelab

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun and how it affects the Earth's climate and environment

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the ozone hole is diminishing

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: mid-latitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Spacelab flights

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate and environment

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ozone hole

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ozone hole

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: affects the Earth's climate and environment.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Northern Hemisphere's middle atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: how it affects the Earth's climate and environment.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences – 3

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ozone hole on mid-latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: middle atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate and environment.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy of the sun

text: There are 4 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Plasmas make up more than 99% of the visible universe. In general, when energy is applied to a gas, internal electrons of gas molecules (atoms) are excited and  move up to higher energy levels. If the energy applied is high enough, outermost electron(s) can even be stripped off the molecules (atoms), forming ions. Electrons, molecules (atoms), excited species and ions form a soup of species which involves many interactions between species and demonstrate collective behavior under the influence of external electric and magnetic fields. Light always accompanies plasmas: as the excited species relax and move to lower energy levels, energy is released in the form of light. Microplasma is a subdivision of plasma in which the dimensions of the plasma can range between tens, hundreds, or even thousands of micrometers in size. The majority of microplasmas that are employed in commercial applications are cold plasmas. In a cold plasma, electrons have much higher energy than the accompanying ions and neutrals. Microplasmas are typically generated at elevated pressure to atmospheric pressure or higher.

text: There are 4 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and

text: plasma

text: . Plasmas make up more than 99% of the visible universe. In general, when energy is applied to a gas, internal electrons of gas molecules (atoms) are excited and  move up to higher energy levels. If the energy applied is high enough, outermost electron(s) can even be stripped off the molecules (atoms), forming ions. Electrons, molecules (atoms), excited species and ions form a soup of species which involves many interactions between species and demonstrate collective behavior under the influence of external electric and magnetic fields. Light always accompanies plasmas: as the excited species relax and move to lower energy levels, energy is released in the form of light. Microplasma is a subdivision of plasma in which the dimensions of the plasma can range between tens, hundreds, or even thousands of micrometers in size. The majority of microplasmas that are employed in commercial applications are

text: cold plasma

text: s. In a cold plasma, electrons have much higher energy than the accompanying ions and neutrals. Microplasmas are typically generated at elevated pressure to atmospheric pressure or higher.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter: gas, liquid, or plasma?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: plasmas

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: plasmas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ionize plasmas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which statement about gamma rays is true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What state of matter makes up more than 99% of the visible universe?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is applied to a gas

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical and magnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a state of matter?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Microplasma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal electrons of gas molecules

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microplasma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the majority of microplasmas that are employed in commercial applications are cold plasmas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: plasmas

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: plasmas

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy is applied

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: when energy is applied to a gas

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: external electric and magnetic fields.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Plasmas make up more than 99% of the visible universe.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Microplasma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: plasmas:

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: plasmas:

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Microplasmas are typically generated at elevated pressure to atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: cold plasmas.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Light always accompanies plasmas:

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: collective behavior

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: There are 4 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Microplasma

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electric and magnetic fields.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 99% of the visible universe.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal electrons

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Microplasma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gas,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: external electric and magnetic fields.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy is applied

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is applied to a gas,

text: Within this third generation of models, the spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid), wave shoaling, refraction, energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.  Along with dissipation of energy through whitecaps and resonance between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bender|first=Leslie C.|title=Modification of the Physics and Numerics in a Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January 1996|volume=13|issue=3|pages=726|doi=10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013

text: Within this third generation of models, the spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum over changing topography.  It simulates wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid),

text: wave shoaling

text: refraction

text: , energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.  Since surface winds are the primary forcing mechanism in the spectral wave transport equation, ocean wave models use information produced by numerical weather prediction models as inputs to determine how much energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.  Along with dissipation of energy through

text: whitecaps

text: and

text: resonance

text: between waves, surface winds from numerical weather models allow for more accurate predictions of the state of the sea surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bender|first=Leslie C.|title=Modification of the Physics and Numerics in a Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=

text: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

text: |date=January 1996|volume=13|issue=3|pages=726|doi=10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Context: Wave generation, wave movement (propagation within a fluid), wave shoaling, refraction, energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Whitecaps

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the most energy is infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Whitecaps and resonance between waves

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy transfer?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Bender|last|first|Leslie C.|title

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy transfer between waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: description

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Context: Burning wood releases chemical energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: wave dissipation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: light with wavelengths too long for humans to see

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: whitecaps and resonance between waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Whitecaps

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fluid),

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wave shoaling,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: spectral wave transport equation is used to describe the change in wave spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy is transferred from the atmosphere into the layer at the surface of the ocean.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: wave generation,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: predictions of the state of the sea surface.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Model|journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology|date=January

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model|journal=Journal

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy transfer between waves, and wave dissipation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy transfer between waves,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dissipation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: surface winds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: refraction,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: whitecaps

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is transferred from the atmosphere

text: The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the Sun's upper atmosphere. It consists of mostly electrons and protons with energies usually between 1.5 and 10 keV. The stream of particles varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy.

text: The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the Sun's

text: upper atmosphere

text: . It consists of mostly

text: electron

text: s and protons with energies usually between 1.5 and 10

text: keV

text: . The stream of particles varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle: electrons or protons?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar longitude

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, solar wind or electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why does the solar wind escape Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the particles in the solar wind?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma released from the Sun's upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: high energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar longitude

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the Sun's upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: density, temperature and speed

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 1.5 and 10 keV.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: These particles can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gravity

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: These particles can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gravity

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: high energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons and protons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: These particles can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particles can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: These particles can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar wind

text: Quasars show a very high redshift, which is an effect of the metric expansion of space between the quasar and the Earth. When the observed redshift of quasars is interpreted in terms of Hubble's law, it is inferred that quasars are very distant objects. Quasars inhabit the very center of active, young galaxies, and are among the most luminous, powerful, and energetic objects known in the universe, emitting up to a thousand times the energy output of the Milky Way, which contains 200–400 billion stars. This radiation is emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum, almost uniformly, from X-rays to the far-infrared with a peak in the ultraviolet-optical bands, with some quasars also being strong sources of radio emission and of gamma-rays.

text: Quasars show a very high

text: redshift

text: , which is an effect of the

text: metric expansion of space

text: between the quasar and the

text: Earth

text: . When the observed redshift of quasars is interpreted in terms of

text: Hubble's law

text: , it is inferred that quasars are very distant objects. Quasars inhabit the very center of active, young galaxies, and are among the most luminous, powerful, and energetic objects known in the universe, emitting up to a thousand times the energy output of the

text: Milky Way

text: , which contains 200–400 billion stars. This radiation is emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum, almost uniformly, from X-rays to the far-infrared with a peak in the ultraviolet-optical bands, with some quasars also being strong sources of radio emission and of gamma-rays.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of radiation: X-rays or stars?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What spectrum is this radiation emitted across?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Quasars?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of Quasars?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy output of the Milky Way

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet-optical bands

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radio emission and of gamma-rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Milky Way contains 200–400 billion stars

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: redshift

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the metric expansion of space between the quasar and the Earth

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio emission

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 200–400 billion stars.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: redshift,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultraviolet-optical bands,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma-rays.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma-rays.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ultraviolet-optical bands,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Quasars show a very high redshift,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy output of the Milky Way,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: luminous, powerful, and energetic objects

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Quasars show a very high redshift,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Milky Way,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Quasars show a very high redshift,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet-optical bands,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: X-rays to the far-infrared

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: quasars are very distant objects.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Quasars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Quasars show a very high redshift,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: metric expansion of space between the quasar and the Earth.

text: The word Agni is used in many contexts, ranging from the fire in stomach, the cooking fire in a home, the sacrificial fire in an altar, the fire of cremation, the fire of rebirth, the fire in the energetic saps concealed within plants, the atmospheric fire in lightning and the celestial fire in the sun. In the Brahmanas layer of the Vedas, such as in section 5.2.3 of Shatapatha Brahmana, Agni represents all the gods, all concepts of spiritual energy that permeates everything in the universe. In the Upanishads and post-Vedic literature, Agni additionally became a metaphor for immortal principle in man, and any energy or knowledge that consumes and dispels a state of darkness, transforms and procreates an enlightened state of existence.

text: The word Agni is used in many contexts, ranging from the fire in stomach, the cooking fire in a home, the sacrificial fire in an altar, the fire of cremation, the fire of rebirth, the fire in the energetic saps concealed within plants, the atmospheric fire in lightning and the celestial fire in the sun. In the

text: Brahmana

text: s layer of the Vedas, such as in section 5.2.3 of Shatapatha Brahmana, Agni represents all the gods, all concepts of spiritual energy that permeates everything in the universe. In the Upanishads and post-Vedic literature, Agni additionally became a metaphor for immortal principle in man, and any energy or knowledge that consumes and dispels a state of darkness, transforms and procreates an enlightened state of existence.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: atmospheric fire

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a concept of spiritual energy: energy or knowledge that consumes and dispels a state of darkness

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Agni represent?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the celestial fire in the sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the celestial fire in the sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does Agni represent?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: any energy or knowledge that consumes and dispels a state of darkness, transforms and procreates an enlightened state of existence

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: any energy or knowledge that consumes and dispels a state of darkness

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the celestial fire?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Agni

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Agni

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: consumes and dispels a state of darkness

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the celestial fire in the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: fire in stomach, the cooking fire in a home,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Agni represents all the gods, all concepts of spiritual energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lightning and the celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: word Agni

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: immortal principle

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: fire in stomach, the cooking fire in a home,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The word Agni

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energetic saps

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: lightning and the celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: lightning and the celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: spiritual energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: consumes and dispels a state of darkness,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: lightning and the celestial fire

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: plants,

text: has been detected in two types of celestial environments: Jovian planets and interstellar clouds. In Jovian planets, it has been detected in the planet’s ionospheres, the region where the Sun’s high energy radiation ionizes the particles in the atmosphere. Since there is a high level of H in these atmospheres, this radiation can produce a significant amount of . Also, with a broadband source like the Sun, there is plenty of radiation to pump the  to higher energy states from which it can relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

text: has been detected in two types of celestial environments: Jovian planets and interstellar clouds. In Jovian planets, it has been detected in the planet’s ionospheres, the region where the Sun’s high energy radiation ionizes the particles in the atmosphere. Since there is a high level of H in these atmospheres, this radiation can produce a significant amount of . Also, with a broadband source like the Sun, there is plenty of radiation to pump the  to higher energy states from which it can relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of celestial environment

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of celestial environment: Jovian planets or interstellar clouds?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Broadband

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: produce a significant amount of

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Jovian planets?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of celestial environment?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of celestial environment?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of celestial environment?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does the ionosphere contain?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which is not a type of celestial environment: Jovian planets or interstellar clouds?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ionosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: interstellar clouds

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: interstellar clouds

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: H in these atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun’s high energy radiation ionizes the particles in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Jovian planets

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun’s high energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: broadband source

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: broadband source like the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: broadband

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: broadband

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ionizes the particles in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ionospheres,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionospheres,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ionospheres,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy states from which it can relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ionospheres,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: relax by stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: interstellar clouds.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: stimulated and spontaneous emission.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun’s high energy radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the Sun’s high energy radiation

text: Lambda Serpentis (λ Ser, λ Serpentis) is a star in the constellation Serpens, in its head (Serpens Caput). It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.43, making it visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements from the Hipparcos satellite, this star lies at a distance of about  from Earth. This star is larger and more massive than the Sun, although it has a similar stellar classification. It is shining with nearly double the Sun's luminosity and this energy is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,884 K.

text: Lambda Serpentis (λ Ser, λ Serpentis) is a

text: star

text: in the

text: constellation

text: Serpens

text: , in its head (Serpens Caput). It has an

text: apparent visual magnitude

text: of 4.43, making it visible to the naked eye. Based upon

text: parallax

text: measurements from the

text: Hipparcos

text: satellite, this star lies at a distance of about  from

text: Earth

text: . This star is larger and more massive than the Sun, although it has a similar

text: stellar classification

text: . It is shining with nearly double the Sun's luminosity and this energy is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere at an

text: effective temperature

text: of 5,884 K.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the star's electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It is shining with nearly double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: parallax

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What type of light is the star shining with?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is the star visible to the naked eye?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the star?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What is the star's effective temperature?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many stars are in the constellation Serpens?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This star is larger and more massive than the Sun, although it has a similar stellar classification

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the star radiate heat back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: luminosity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: this star lies at a distance of about from Earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: parallax

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 5,884 K.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: parallax

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: nearly double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 4.43, making it visible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: nearly double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 5,884 K.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 5,884 K.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Lambda Serpentis

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 4.43, making it visible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated from the star's outer atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: double the Sun's luminosity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: star's outer atmosphere

text: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system. For example, a solar panel with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m will produce 200 W at Standard Test Conditions, but it can produce more when the sun is high in the sky and will produce less in cloudy conditions and when the sun is low in the sky. In central Colorado, which receives annual insolation of 5.5 kWh/m/day, such a panel can be expected to produce 440 kWh of energy per year. However, in Michigan, which receives only 3.8 kWh/m/day, annual energy yield will drop to 280 kWh for the same panel. At more northerly European latitudes, yields are significantly lower: 175 kWh annual energy yield in southern England.

text: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a

text: photovoltaic system

text: , in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system. For example, a solar panel with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m will produce 200 W at Standard Test Conditions, but it can produce more when the sun is high in the sky and will produce less in cloudy conditions and when the sun is low in the sky. In central Colorado, which receives annual

text: insolation

text: of 5.5 kWh/m/day, such a panel can be expected to produce 440

text: kWh

text: of energy per year. However, in Michigan, which receives only 3.8 kWh/m/day, annual energy yield will drop to 280 kWh for the same panel. At more northerly European latitudes, yields are significantly lower: 175 kWh annual energy yield in southern England.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: In central Colorado, which receives annual insolation of 5.5 kWh/m/day

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: when the sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy output

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kWh

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kWh of energy per year

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar panels with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m will produce 200 W

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Michigan

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: yields are significantly lower in which country?

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 175 kWh annual energy yield in southern England.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 200 W at Standard Test Conditions,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cloudy conditions and when the sun is low in the sky.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 5.5 kWh/m/day,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy output

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 440 kWh

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: W

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photovoltaic system,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 175 kWh annual energy yield in southern England.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The efficiency of the solar cells

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 440 kWh

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 5.5 kWh/m/day,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the annual energy output of the system.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun is high in the sky

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system,

text: Our main source of information about celestial bodies and other objects is visible light more generally electromagnetic radiation. Observational astronomy may be divided according to the observed region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some parts of the spectrum can be observed from the Earth's surface, while other parts are only observable from either high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere. Specific information on these subfields is given below.

text: Our main source of information about

text: celestial bodies

text: and other objects is visible

text: light

text: more generally

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: . Observational astronomy may be divided according to the observed region of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Some parts of the spectrum can be observed from the

text: Earth

text: 's surface, while other parts are only observable from either high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere. Specific information on these subfields is given below.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the source of information about celestial bodies and other objects?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What can be observed from the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Observational astronomy may be divided according to the observed region of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a subfield of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of information about celestial bodies?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be divided according to the observed region of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Observational astronomy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: visible light more generally electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Observational astronomy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light more generally electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: high altitudes

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: high altitudes

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Some parts of the spectrum can be observed from the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Some parts of the spectrum can be observed from the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high altitudes or outside the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

text: Education for Sustainable Development- Effective Cycling- Effective population size- Effects of global warming- Effects of the automobile on societies- Efficient energy use- Effluent- Electric bicycle laws- Electrical energy efficiency on United States farms- Electricity meter- Electromagnetic environment- Electromagnetic interference control- Electromagnetic radiation- Electronic pest control- Electronic Road Pricing- Electronic waste- Electronic Waste Recycling Act- Electronic Waste Recycling Fee- Electrosmog- Electrostatic precipitator- Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald- Emission factor- Emission Reduction Unit- Emission standard- Emission trading- Emissions trading- Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential- Endangered Australian fauna- Endangered species- Endangered Species Act- Energy Action Coalition- Energy and Environmental Research Center- Energy conservation- Energy conversion- Energy demand management- Energy economics- Energy-efficient landscaping- Efficient energy use- Energy harvesting- Energy Hog- Energy Information Administration- Energy intensity- Energy management system- Energy Star- Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom- English Nature

text: Education for Sustainable Development

text: Effective Cycling

text: Effective population size

text: Effects of global warming

text: Effects of the automobile on societies

text: Efficient energy use

text: Effluent

text: Electric bicycle laws

entity_name: Electrical energy efficiency on United States farms

text: Electrical energy efficiency on United States farms

text: Electricity meter

text: Electromagnetic environment

text: Electromagnetic interference control

text: Electromagnetic radiation

text: Electronic pest control

text: Electronic Road Pricing

text: Electronic waste

text: Electronic Waste Recycling Act

text: Electronic Waste Recycling Fee

text: Electrosmog

text: Electrostatic precipitator

text: Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald

text: Emission factor

text: Emission Reduction Unit

text: Emission standard

text: Emission trading

text: Emissions trading

entity_name: Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential

text: Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential

text: Endangered Australian fauna

text: Endangered species

text: Endangered Species Act

text: Energy Action Coalition

entity_name: Energy and Environmental Research Center

text: Energy and Environmental Research Center

text: Energy conservation

text: Energy conversion

text: Energy demand management

text: Energy economics

text: Energy-efficient landscaping

text: Efficient energy use

text: Energy harvesting

text: Energy Hog

text: Energy Information Administration

text: Energy intensity

text: Energy management system

text: Energy Star

text: Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

text: English Nature

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electrosmog

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Efficient energy use

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy Action Coalition

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electrosmog

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Energy Action Coalition

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's temperature increase

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Effluent

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy conservation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy is the property of matter.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Human potential

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy Hog

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electricity meter

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the surface to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electrosmog

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: English

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Efficient energy use

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy conservation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Effluent

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Effluent does not use energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Global Warming

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Efficient energy use- Effluent-

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Efficient energy use- Effluent-

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Efficient energy use-

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electrosmog-

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Electrosmog-

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Efficient energy use-

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Electrosmog- Electrostatic precipitator-

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Electrosmog- Electrostatic precipitator-

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Effects of global warming-

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy conservation- Energy conversion-

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Human Potential-

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Effects of global warming-

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy harvesting- Energy Hog-

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electrostatic precipitator-

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy conversion- Energy demand management- Energy economics-

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Efficient energy use- Effluent-

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Electrostatic precipitator-

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Energy harvesting-

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Effluent-

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Electrostatic precipitator-

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electromagnetic radiation-

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming-

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global warming-

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global warming-

text: The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water, stored in aquifers, surface waters and the atmosphere. Oceans are a good source of usable water, but the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is prohibitive with conventional approaches, explaining why only a very small fraction of the world's water supply is derived from desalination. However, modern technologies, such as the Seawater Greenhouse, use solar energy to desalinate seawater for agriculture and drinking uses in an extremely cost-effective manner.

text: The

text: Earth

text: has a limited though renewable

text: supply of fresh water

text: , stored in

text: aquifer

text: s,

text: surface water

text: s and the

text: atmosphere

text: Ocean

text: s are a good source of usable water, but the amount of energy needed to convert

text: saline water

text: to

text: potable water

text: is prohibitive with conventional approaches, explaining why only a very small fraction of the world's water supply is derived from

text: desalination

text: . However, modern technologies, such as the

text: Seawater Greenhouse

text: , use solar energy to desalinate seawater for agriculture and drinking uses in an extremely cost-effective manner.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is stored in aquifers?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Seawater Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Seawater Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a good source of usable water?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: modern technologies, such as the Seawater Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does solar energy contain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of fresh water: aquifers, surface waters or the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: aquifers

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is prohibitive with conventional approaches

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: desalination

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Earth has a limited though renewable supply of fresh water,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Seawater Greenhouse, use solar energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: modern technologies, such as the Seawater Greenhouse, use solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Seawater Greenhouse,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar energy

text: Terraforming Mars would entail three major interlaced changes: building up the magnetosphere, building up the atmosphere, and raising the temperature. The atmosphere of Mars is relatively thin and has a very low surface pressure. Because its atmosphere consists mainly of , a known greenhouse gas, once Mars begins to heat, the  may help to keep thermal energy near the surface. Moreover, as it heats, more  should enter the atmosphere from the frozen reserves on the poles, enhancing the greenhouse effect. This means that the two processes of building the atmosphere and heating it would augment one another, favoring terraforming. It will be difficult keeping the atmosphere together, due to lack of a global magnetic field.

text: Terraforming Mars would entail three major interlaced changes: building up the magnetosphere, building up the atmosphere, and raising the temperature. The atmosphere of Mars is relatively thin and has a very low surface pressure. Because its atmosphere consists mainly of , a known

text: greenhouse gas

text: , once Mars begins to heat, the  may help to keep

text: thermal energy

text: near the surface. Moreover, as it heats, more  should enter the atmosphere from the frozen reserves on the poles, enhancing the greenhouse effect. This means that the two processes of building the atmosphere and heating it would augment one another, favoring terraforming. It will be difficult keeping the atmosphere together, due to lack of a global magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: atmosphere, magnetosphere, or frozen reserves?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a major interlaced change: magnetosphere, atmosphere, or greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, magnetosphere, or greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: help to keep thermal energy near the surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a known greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: lack of global magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy near the surface

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas: greenhouse gases, greenhouse gases, or greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy and

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lack of a global magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Mars begins to heat

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: as it heats

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: magnetosphere,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere consists mainly of, a known greenhouse gas,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: magnetosphere,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: magnetosphere,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: enhancing the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: once Mars begins to heat, the may help to keep thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: frozen reserves on the poles,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Mars begins to heat, the may help to keep thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: frozen reserves on the poles,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: difficult keeping the atmosphere together, due to lack of a global magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: global magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: magnetosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Terraforming Mars

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: frozen reserves on the poles,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal energy near the surface.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: more should enter the atmosphere from the frozen reserves on the poles,

text: Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing, whereas the lower ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and also the lower part of the spectrum below UV, including visible light (including nearly all types of laser light), infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are all considered non-ionizing radiation. The boundary between ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that occurs in the ultraviolet is not sharply defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies. Conventional definition places the boundary at a photon energy between 10 eV and 33 eV in the ultraviolet (see definition boundary section below).

text: Gamma ray

text: s,

text: X-rays

text: , and the higher

text: ultraviolet

text: part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing, whereas the lower

text: ultraviolet

text: part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and also the lower part of the spectrum below UV, including visible

text: light

text: (including nearly all types of

text: laser

text: light),

text: infrared

text: microwave

text: s, and

text: radio wave

text: s are all considered

text: non-ionizing radiation

text: . The boundary between ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that occurs in the ultraviolet is not sharply defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at

text: different energies

text: . Conventional definition places the boundary at a

text: photon energy

text: between 10

text: eV

text: and 33 eV in the ultraviolet (see

entity_section: Definition boundary for lower-energy photons

text: definition boundary

text: section below).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not ionizing?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What are gamma rays and x-rays part of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the opposite of non-ionizing?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ionizing and non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: non-ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules and atoms

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: lower ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light (including nearly all types of laser light),

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionize at different energies.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light (including nearly all types of laser light),

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: molecules and atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: non-ionizing radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum

text: After a cloud, for instance, has started its way to becoming a lightning generator, atmospheric water vapor acts as a substance (or insulator) that decreases the ability of the cloud to discharge its electrical energy. Over a certain amount of time, if the cloud continues to generate and store more static electricity, the barrier that was created by the atmospheric water vapor will ultimately break down from the stored electrical potential energy. This energy will be released to a locally, oppositely charged region in the form of lightning. The strength of each discharge is directly related to the atmospheric permittivity, capacitance, and the source's charge generating ability.

text: After a cloud, for instance, has started its way to becoming a lightning generator, atmospheric water vapor acts as a substance (or

text: insulator

text: ) that decreases the ability of the cloud to

text: discharge

text: its electrical energy. Over a certain amount of time, if the cloud continues to generate and store more

text: static electricity

text: , the barrier that was created by the atmospheric water vapor will ultimately break down from the stored electrical potential energy. This energy will be released to a locally, oppositely charged region in the form of lightning. The strength of each discharge is directly related to the atmospheric permittivity, capacitance, and the source's charge generating ability.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: static electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a substance?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy is stored in clouds?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: static electricity

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Lightning

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the strength of each discharge

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the source's charge generating ability

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is stored electrical potential energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of heat: conduction or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: static electricity

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a cloud, for instance, has started its way to becoming a lightning generator

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric permittivity

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: After a cloud,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: static electricity,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: substance

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric water vapor

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: charge generating ability.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: After a cloud,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cloud,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cloud,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: lightning.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cloud,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric water vapor

text: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth, radiating with integrity, courage and steadfastness.

text: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth, radiating with integrity, courage and steadfastness.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: steadfast

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What kind of energy does the sun exude?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How would you describe the energy of the sun?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How would you describe the energy of the sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is steadfastness

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can bring life and growth

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be exuded

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: courage and steadfastness

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy of the sun does not bring life and growth.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the ocean

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: life and growth

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: integrity, courage and steadfastness.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: integrity, courage and steadfastness.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The exuding energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The exuding energy of the sun brings life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: life and growth,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sun

text: Customers such as Bill Bean are well aware of when the energy in a business is negative. In an article, he wrote for “The Recorder” he talked about how when he usually visits Ontario Ministry of Health the atmosphere is very dark and cold. On his last visit, the team excitedly welcomed him into the office to renew his Ontario Health Card. The sudden change in the attitude of the staff was all thanks to the implementation of the fish philosophy in day-to-day operations of the business.

text: Customers such as Bill Bean are well aware of when the energy in a business is negative. In an article, he wrote for “The Recorder” he talked about how when he usually visits Ontario Ministry of Health the atmosphere is very dark and cold. On his last visit, the team excitedly welcomed him into the office to renew his Ontario Health Card. The sudden change in the attitude of the staff was all thanks to the implementation of the fish philosophy in day-to-day operations of the business.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does Bill Bean work?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: dark and cold

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is NOT the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate Bill Bean

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the sudden change in the attitude of the staff

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the fish philosophy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is true of Bill Bean?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What does the fish philosophy involve?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: positive and negative

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the team excitedly welcomed him into the office

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ontario Ministry of Health

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dark and cold

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Ontario Ministry of Health receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Ontario Ministry of Health

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cold.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: fish philosophy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: fish philosophy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: fish philosophy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: day-to-day operations of the business.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: fish philosophy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: dark

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: fish philosophy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: excitedly welcomed him into the office to renew his Ontario Health Card.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dark and cold.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: fish philosophy

text: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum is the communications regulator, Ofcom.

text: The guardian of the UK's

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: is the communications regulator,

text: Ofcom

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Ofcom regulate?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Ofcom?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does Ofcom do?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What does Ofcom regulate?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is protected by Ofcom

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be transmitted by radio waves

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Ofcom do for a living?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electricity is a renewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a higher or lower temperature in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the communications regulator, Ofcom.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The guardian of the UK's electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

text: The energy of the nucleus is negative with regard to the energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance (just like the gravitational energy of planets of the solar system), because energy must be utilized to split a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons. Mass spectrometers have measured the masses of nuclei, which are always less than the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons that form them, and the difference—by the formula E = m c—gives the binding energy of the nucleus.

text: The energy of the nucleus is negative with regard to the energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance (just like the gravitational energy of planets of the solar system), because energy must be utilized to split a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

text: Mass spectrometers

text: have measured the masses of nuclei, which are always less than the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons that form them, and the difference—by the formula E = m c—gives the binding energy of the nucleus.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the formula E = m c give?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why is the binding energy of the nucleus negative?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the binding energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: protons and neutrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy of the nucleus is positive with regard to the energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nuclei

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the binding energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Mass spectrometers

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: split a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Mass spectrometers

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: gravitational energy of planets of the solar system),

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Mass spectrometers have measured the masses of nuclei,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy of the nucleus is negative

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy of the nucleus is negative

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: protons and neutrons.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: split a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The energy of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: split a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mass spectrometers

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy of the particles pulled apart to infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Mass spectrometers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: particles pulled apart to infinite distance

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gravitational energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: binding energy of the nucleus.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar system),

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The energy of the nucleus

text: Significantly, it also carried Verner Suomi's flat-plate radiometer, improved with the help of Robert Parent, that took the first Earth radiation budget measurements from space and initiated the era of satellite studies of the climate. Using both satellite observations of the Earth's heat balance and atmospheric cooling rates measured by net flux radiosondes, Suomi established the important role played by clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.  These observations established that Earth’s energy budget varies markedly due to the effect of clouds, the surface albedo, and other absorbing constituents.  Using these instruments, Suomi and his team discovered that the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought and demonstrated that it was possible to measure and quantify seasonal changes in the global heat budget.

text: Significantly, it also carried

text: Verner Suomi

text: 's flat-plate

text: radiometer

text: , improved with the help of

text: Robert Parent

text: , that took the first

text: Earth radiation budget

text: measurements from

text: space

text: and initiated the era of

text: satellite

text: studies of the

text: climate

text: . Using both satellite observations of the Earth's heat balance and

text: atmospheric

text: cooling rates measured by net flux radiosondes, Suomi established the important role played by clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.  These observations established that Earth’s energy budget varies markedly due to the effect of clouds, the surface albedo, and other absorbing constituents.  Using these instruments, Suomi and his team discovered that the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought and demonstrated that it was possible to measure and quantify seasonal changes in the global heat budget.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a constituent of clouds?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did the flat-plate radiometer measure?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: net flux

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: net flux radiosondes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: radiated solar energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a constituent of clouds?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: demonstrated that it was possible to measure

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiosondes

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the Earth absorb solar energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an absorbing constituent: clouds, the surface albedo, or other absorbing constituents?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiosondes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: net flux

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: seasonal changes in the global heat budget

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: albedo,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: it was possible to measure and quantify seasonal changes in the global heat budget.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Robert Parent,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbing radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: clouds, the surface albedo, and other absorbing constituents.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds in absorbing radiated solar energy.

text: Early anthropocene -Earth Hour -Earth's atmosphere -Earth's energy budget -EarthLab -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet -Eco-efficiency -Ecological Forecasting -Ecotax -Effect of climate change on plant biodiversity -Effects of climate change on marine mammals -Effects of global warming on oceans -Effects of global warming - Effects of global warming on Australia - Effects of global warming on India -Efficient energy use -El Niño (ENSO) -Emission inventory -Emission Reduction Unit -Emission standards -Emissions trading -Energie-Cités -Energy Autonomy -Energy conservation -Energy forestry -Energy poverty -Enteric fermentation -Environmental crime -Environmental impact of aviation -Environmental skepticism -European Climate Forum -Evidence of global warming - Externality

text: Early anthropocene

text: Earth Hour

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: Earth's energy budget

text: EarthLab

text: Earthshine

text: East Antarctic Ice Sheet

text: Eco-efficiency

text: Ecological Forecasting

text: Ecotax

entity_name: Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity

text: Effect of climate change on plant biodiversity

entity_name: Effects of global warming on marine mammals

text: Effects of climate change on marine mammals

text: Effects of global warming on oceans

text: Effects of global warming

text: Effects of global warming on Australia

text: Effects of global warming on India

text: Efficient energy use

text: El Niño

text: (ENSO) -

text: Emission inventory

text: Emission Reduction Unit

text: Emission standards

text: Emissions trading

text: Energie-Cités

entity_name: Energy Autonomy: The Economic, Social & Technological Case for Renewable Energy

text: Energy Autonomy

text: Energy conservation

text: Energy forestry

text: Energy poverty

text: Enteric fermentation

text: Environmental crime

text: Environmental impact of aviation

text: Environmental skepticism

text: European Climate Forum

text: Evidence of global warming

text: Externality

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the definition of externality?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: EarthLab

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Energy forestry

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Emissions trading

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Emissions trading

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Efficient energy use

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: -Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: -Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: -Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: -Earth's energy budget

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: -El Ni<unk>o (ENSO)

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: -Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: -Energy Autonomy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: -Emission inventory -Emission Reduction Unit

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: -Enteric fermentation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: -Energy forestry

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: -Enteric fermentation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: -Energy forestry

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: -Efficient energy use

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: -Earthshine

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: -Earthshine -East Antarctic Ice Sheet

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global warming on oceans

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: climate change

text: Primary energy is the amount of extractable energy present in fuels as they are found in nature. It is often expressed in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) or watt-hour (Wh). Unless stated otherwise the lower heating value is used in the remainder of this text. A portion of primary energy is converted into other forms before it is used, depending on the energy conversion efficiency of the installation and method employed this number differs significantly from the final energy as consumed by end users.

text: Primary energy

text: is the amount of extractable energy present in fuels as they are found in nature. It is often expressed in

text: tonnes of oil equivalent

text: (toe) or

text: watt-hour

text: (Wh). Unless stated otherwise the

text: lower heating value

text: is used in the remainder of this text. A portion of primary energy is converted into other forms before it is used, depending on the

text: energy conversion efficiency

text: of the installation and method employed this number differs significantly from the final energy as consumed by end users.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: toe

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of primary energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a building

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earths atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does this relate to primary energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the lower heating value of the following statement?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: toe

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy conversion efficiency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: watt

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: primary energy is the amount of extractable energy present

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: primary energy is converted into other forms before it is used

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: This number differs significantly from the final energy as consumed by end users.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: primary energy being converted into other forms

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: primary energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: primary energy is converted into other forms before it is used

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: watt-hour

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: nature.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Primary energy is the amount of extractable energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: watt-hour

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: watt-hour

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Primary energy is the amount of extractable energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Primary energy is the amount of extractable energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: A portion of primary energy is converted into other forms

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the final energy as consumed by end users.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: final energy as consumed by end users.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Primary energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Primary energy

text: Although the solar corona is a source of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, these rays make up only a very small amount of the power output of the Sun (see spectrum at right). The spectrum of nearly all solar electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere spans a range of 100 nm to about 1 mm (1,000,000 nm). This band of significant radiation power can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths:

text: Although the solar

text: corona

text: is a source of

text: extreme ultraviolet

text: and X-ray radiation, these rays make up only a very small amount of the power output of the Sun (see spectrum at right). The spectrum of nearly all solar

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: striking the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: spans a range of 100

text: nm

text: to about 1

text: mm

text: (1,000,000 nm). This band of significant radiation power can be divided into five regions in increasing order of

text: wavelength

text: s:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: what is the first type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not the source of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: oscillation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The spectrum of nearly all solar electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere spans

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: X-ray radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power output of the sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ultraviolet and X-ray radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the solar corona is a source of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 100 nm to about 1 mm (1,000,000 nm).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar corona

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 100 nm to about 1 mm (1,000,000 nm).

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wavelengths:

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The spectrum of nearly all solar electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: power output of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power output of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ultraviolet and X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet and X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a very small amount of the power output of the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar electromagnetic radiation

text: Tesla's top priority at Colorado Springs was the development of a wireless system that could transmit electrical energy over great distances, as proposed in his 1900 Century magazine article.  He claimed that it is possible to transmit energy on a worldwide scale, applying a method that involves electrical conduction through the earth and the periodic alteration of Earth's electrostatic charge.  In 1900 he received the patents SYSTEM OF TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY and APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.  They describe two hypothetical wireless stations, one consisting of a large Tesla coil magnifying transmitter and the other a similar Tesla coil receiver, each with an elevated air terminal electrode suspended by balloon at an altitude of , where the atmospheric pressure is lower.  Tesla believed atmospheric ionization would allow energy to be transmitted at high voltages (millions of volts) over long distances by electrical conduction.  Another claim was that such a high elevation of the air terminal electrodes is not absolutely necessary.  By 1901 Tesla had come to believe the entire planet could be made to act as a giant electrical resonator and that by driving sufficiently powerful current pulses into Earth at a harmonic of its fundamental resonant frequency using a grounded Tesla coil transmitter working against a relatively short elevated capacitive air terminal electrode, its natural electrostatic potential could be made to oscillate, and this alternating current could be received at any location with a Tesla coil receiver and similar capacitive air terminal electrode arrangement tuned to resonance with the transmitter.  Tesla demonstrated the coupling of a Tesla coil transmitter and a Tesla coil receiver in an experiment at his Experimental Station in Colorado Springs, transmitting enough electrical energy to power a 10-watt incandescent lamp at a distance of 1,938 feet (591 m) from the station's magnifying transmitter.

text: Experimental Station

text: in Colorado Springs, transmitting enough electrical energy to power a 10-watt incandescent lamp at a distance of 1,938 feet (591 m) from the station's magnifying transmitter.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is Tesla's top priority at Colorado Springs

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did Tesla believe the entire planet could be made to act as?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: What was Tesla's top priority at Colorado Springs?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Tesla's top priority at Colorado Springs

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of atmospheric ionization?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where the atmospheric pressure is lower

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: transmitting enough electrical energy to power a 10-watt incandescent lamp

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: current pulses

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a method of transmitting energy on a worldwide scale?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Tesla believe atmospheric ionization would allow energy to be transmitted at high voltages?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: incandescent lamp

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: incandescent

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: high elevation of the air terminal electrodes is not absolutely necessary

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by atmospheric ionization

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Tesla

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: fundamental resonant frequency

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric ionization

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: giant electrical resonator

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Colorado Springs

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Experimental

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric ionization

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Colorado Springs

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: balloon

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Colorado Springs

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Tesla

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Tesla

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Experimental

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Tesla

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: alternating current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric ionization

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Tesla

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atmospheric ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: such a high elevation of the air terminal electrodes is not absolutely necessary.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Tesla coil transmitter

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric ionization

text: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying insolation or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic weather systems such as hurricanes, (on Earth), planet-wide dust storms (on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized anticyclone on Jupiter (called the Great Red Spot), and holes in the atmosphere (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet, HD 189733 b, has been claimed to have such a weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large.

text: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying

text: insolation

text: or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic

text: weather system

text: s such as

text: hurricane

text: s, (on Earth), planet-wide

text: dust storm

text: s (on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized

text: anticyclone

text: on Jupiter (called the

text: Great Red Spot

text: ), and

text: holes in the atmosphere

text: (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet,

text: HD 189733 b

text: , has been claimed to have such a weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not affected by the varying insolation or internal energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: formation of dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of weather system?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What type of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: insolation or internal

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: planet-wide dust storms (on Mars)

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: insolation or internal energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: anticyclone

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: varying insolation or internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: atmospheres are affected by the varying insolation or internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: hurricanes,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Red Spot),

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Mars),

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Planetary atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dynamic weather systems

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: varying insolation or internal energy,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: varying insolation or internal energy,

text: The Microwave Theory and Techniques Society focuses on the theory and applications of radio-frequency (HF, VHF/UHF, microwave, millimeter-wave and terahertz), guided-wave and wireless technologies, as they relate to nanostructures, devices, integrated circuits, multi-circuit assemblies, components, packages, transmission lines, sub-systems, and systems involving the generation, amplification, processing, modulation, control, transmission, reception, detection and demodulation, and effects of electromagnetic energy transport. It also includes the interaction & interface of microwave signals with digital & optical circuitry & interconnecting transmission media. Examples include optical waves in suitably confined structures, as well as the applications of acoustic, magnetic, & plasmonic waves to microwave systems.Radio frequency (RF) is a term that refers to signals and associated currents having characteristics such that, if the current is input to an antenna, an electromagnetic (EM) field is generated suitable for wireless broadcasting and/or communications, radar, etc. These frequencies cover a significant portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, extending from about 9 kHz, the lowest allocated wireless communications frequency (if it were audible it would be within the range of human hearing), to thousands of gigahertz (GHz). The discipline of microwave theory & techniques applies physical and mathematical principles to analyze devices, components and structures that interact with electromagnetic fields and often have dimensions representing a significant fraction of a wavelength, or when in-circuit wave propagation effects need to be considered.The Society's focus shall include scientific, technical, and industrial activities, subject to timely modifications approved by the IEEE Technical Advisory Board. Technical Committee focus areas of interest include microwave and millimeter-wave materials, solid state devices and integrated circuits, filters, passive components and packaging, microwave acoustics and photonics, high power and low noise techniques, frequency conversion, field theory, and computer aided design and measurements. In addition, the Society is involved in terahertz technology, ultra-wide band and microwave systems, and multidisciplinary activities such as RF microelectromechanical (RFMEMS) devices, radio frequency identification devices (RFIDs), digital signal processing, biological effects and medical applications, and business issues.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy can travel only through matter

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: terahertz

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic radiation spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of electromagnetic energy transport?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Microwave Theory and Techniques Society

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Microwave Theory and Techniques Society

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: effects of electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Microwave Theory and Techniques Society focuses on the theory and applications of radio-frequency (HF, VHF/UHF, microwave, millimeter-wave and terahertz), guided-wave and wireless technologies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanostructures

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the transfer of heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: terahertz

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: optical waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: plasmonic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: optical waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: microwave systems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy transport

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: microwave theory & techniques

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic fields

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: microwave theory & techniques

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wave propagation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: microwave theory & techniques

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thousands of gigahertz

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: microwave

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thousands of gigahertz

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: microwave theory & techniques

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: scientific, technical, and industrial activities,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: microwave theory & techniques

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanostructures,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy transport.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy transport.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 9 kHz,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thousands of gigahertz (GHz).

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thousands of gigahertz

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy transport.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: optical waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: (if it were audible it would be within the range of human hearing),

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: optical waves in suitably confined structures,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wavelength,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 9 kHz, the lowest allocated wireless communications frequency

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic energy transport.

text: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways across the spectrum. These types of interaction are so different that historically different names have been applied to different parts of the spectrum, as though these were different types of radiation. Thus, although these "different kinds" of electromagnetic radiation form a quantitatively continuous spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths, the spectrum remains divided for practical reasons related to these qualitative interaction differences.

text: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways across the spectrum. These types of interaction are so different that historically different names have been applied to different parts of the spectrum, as though these were different types of radiation. Thus, although these "different kinds" of electromagnetic radiation form a quantitatively continuous spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths, the spectrum remains divided for practical reasons related to these qualitative interaction differences.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: interact with matter in different ways

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of interaction?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways across the spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: different kinds

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: does not interact with matter

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: quantitatively continuous spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: frequencies and wavelengths,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: quantitatively continuous spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: matter

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the spectrum remains divided

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

text: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency, so these specific energy levels appear as distinct bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. Each element has a characteristic spectrum that can depend on the nuclear charge, subshells filled by electrons, the electromagnetic interactions between the electrons and other factors.

text: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its

text: frequency

text: , so these specific energy levels appear as distinct bands in the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Each element has a characteristic spectrum that can depend on the nuclear charge, subshells filled by electrons, the electromagnetic interactions between the electrons and other factors.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: frequencies

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: its frequency

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be emitted from the sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is proportional to its frequency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: what element has a characteristic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be emitted

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic interactions

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic interactions with other factors

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic interactions of the electrons

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The energy of an emitted photon

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: these specific energy levels appear as distinct bands

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: frequency, so these specific energy levels appear as distinct bands in the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The energy of an emitted photon

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic interactions between the electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The energy of an emitted photon

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: subshells filled by electrons,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: distinct bands in the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The energy of an emitted photon is proportional to its frequency,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic interactions between the electrons and other factors.

text: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years — a short time compared to the age of the Solar System. This suggests that methane must be somehow replenished by a reservoir on or within Titan itself. That Titan's atmosphere contains over a thousand times more methane than carbon monoxide would appear to rule out significant contributions from cometary impacts, because comets are composed of more carbon monoxide than methane. That Titan might have accreted an atmosphere from the early Saturnian nebula at the time of formation also seems unlikely; in such a case, it ought to have atmospheric abundances similar to the solar nebula, including hydrogen and neon. Many astronomers have suggested that the ultimate origin for the methane in Titan's atmosphere is from within Titan itself, released via eruptions from cryovolcanoes. A possible biological origin for the methane has not been discounted (see Life on Titan).

text: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane in Titan's atmosphere into more complex hydrocarbons within 50 million years — a short time compared to the age of the Solar System. This suggests that methane must be somehow replenished by a reservoir on or within Titan itself. That Titan's atmosphere contains over a thousand times more methane than

text: carbon monoxide

text: would appear to rule out significant contributions from cometary impacts, because comets are composed of more carbon monoxide than methane. That Titan might have accreted an atmosphere from the early Saturnian nebula at the time of formation also seems unlikely; in such a case, it ought to have atmospheric abundances similar to the solar nebula, including

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: neon

text: . Many astronomers have suggested that the ultimate origin for the methane in Titan's atmosphere is from within Titan itself, released via eruptions from

text: cryovolcanoes

text: . A possible biological origin for the methane has not been discounted (see

text: Life on Titan

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: cometary impacts, hydrogen, or neon?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do comets produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: What is the name of the type of waves that are very high energy?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cometary impacts, because comets are composed of more carbon monoxide than methane

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of comets?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur mainly?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many times more methane than carbon monoxide?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Life on Titan

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Neon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neon

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neon

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Hydrogen and neon

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: comets are composed of more carbon monoxide than methane

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Titan's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cometary impacts

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a short time compared to the age of the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: neon.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cometary impacts,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: methane must be somehow replenished

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neon.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cometary impacts,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neon.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: eruptions from cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neon.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Energy from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cometary impacts,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: cryovolcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cometary impacts,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cometary impacts,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon monoxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Energy from the Sun should have converted all traces of methane

text: On April 10, 2015, the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) issued its first outlook for the Pacific hurricane season, forecasting 19 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The organization listed a set of seasons with similar atmospheric and oceanic conditions, including 1982, 1986, 1991, 1994, 2002, and 2014. On May 27, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) released its forecast for the year, highlighting a 70% chance of an above-average season with 15–22 named storms, 7–12 hurricanes, 5–8 major hurricanes, and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index range of 110–190% of the median. While both organizations cited an intensifying El Niño as a cause of increased activity, the CPC also highlighted the difference in global sea surface temperature patterns in 2015 versus the 1995–2014 period. The season ended up exceeding all of these forecasts with 26 named storms, 16 hurricanes, 11 major hurricanes, and an ACE index at more than 200% of the median.

text: On April 10, 2015, the

entity_name: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)

text: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

text: (SMN) issued its first outlook for the Pacific hurricane season, forecasting 19 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The organization listed a set of seasons with similar atmospheric and oceanic conditions, including

text: , and

text: . On May 27, the

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: 's

text: Climate Prediction Center

text: (CPC) released its forecast for the year, highlighting a 70% chance of an above-average season with 15–22 named storms, 7–12 hurricanes, 5–8 major hurricanes, and an

text: Accumulated Cyclone Energy

text: (ACE) index range of 110–190% of the median. While both organizations cited an intensifying

text: El Niño

text: as a cause of increased activity, the CPC also highlighted the difference in global sea surface temperature patterns in 2015 versus the 1995–2014 period. The season ended up exceeding all of these forecasts with 26 named storms, 16 hurricanes, 11 major hurricanes, and an ACE index at more than 200% of the median.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the name of the ACE index range?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cyclone

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: El Ni o

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does this relate to hurricanes?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is a convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: creation, destruction, or both?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ACE index range of 110–190% of the median

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many major hurricanes did the season have?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the season ended up exceeding all of these forecasts

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: storms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a hurricane

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global sea surface temperature patterns

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global sea surface temperature patterns

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 19 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 110–190%

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 200%

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: El Ni<unk>o

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cyclone

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 200%

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: intensifying El Ni<unk>o

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 200%

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 11 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: El Ni<unk>o

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: El Ni<unk>o

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Accumulated Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Cyclone

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 2015,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cyclone Energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 110–190% of the median.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Pacific hurricane season,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Cyclone

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: El Ni<unk>o

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global sea surface temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: El Ni<unk>o

text: The act goes on to state that the Administrator of the EPA may take no action involving the consideration of Greenhouse gases as pollutants or contributing factors to climate change.  It also states that, “[nothing] shall cause a greenhouse gas to be subject to part C of title I …or considered an air pollutant for purposes of title V...” This means that, as greenhouse gases would no longer be considered to degrade the quality of air, sources would not be required to ascertain a permit to emit.  These permits require sources of pollution to complete a registration process in order to lawfully be able to emit anything considered to be a pollutant.  Going along with this, it would no longer be required to report emissions of greenhouse gases." The Energy Tax Prevention act of 2011 also lists a number of prior agency actions that would be, "...repealed and shall have no legal effect."." Essentially this Act would reverse the decision rendered in Massachusetts, et al., v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al..

text: The act goes on to state that the Administrator of the

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: EPA

text: may take no action involving the consideration of

text: Greenhouse gas

text: es as pollutants or contributing factors to climate change.  It also states that, “[nothing] shall cause a greenhouse gas to be subject to part C of title I …or considered an air pollutant for purposes of title V...” This means that, as greenhouse gases would no longer be considered to degrade the quality of air, sources would not be required to ascertain a permit to emit.  These permits require sources of pollution to complete a registration process in order to lawfully be able to emit anything considered to be a pollutant.  Going along with this, it would no longer be required to report emissions of greenhouse gases." The Energy Tax Prevention act of 2011 also lists a number of prior agency actions that would be, "...repealed and shall have no legal effect."." Essentially this Act would reverse the decision rendered in

entity_name: Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency

text: Massachusetts, et al., v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: What is the source of most of the energy on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The act would reverse the decision rendered in Massachusetts, et al., v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases and greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse gases would no longer be considered to degrade the quality of air

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air is heated by

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: emit anything considered to be a pollutant.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Energy Tax Prevention act of 2011

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy Tax Prevention act of 2011

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Energy Tax Prevention act of 2011

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse gases would no longer be considered to degrade the quality of air,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

text: In the atmosphere, where vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room, the situation is complicated by adiabatic temperature change: as a parcel of air moves upward, the ambient pressure drops, causing the parcel to expand.  Some of the internal energy of the parcel is used up in doing the work required to expand against the atmospheric pressure, so the temperature of the parcel drops, even though it has not lost any heat.  Conversely, a sinking parcel is compressed and becomes warmer even though no heat is added.

text: In the atmosphere, where vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room, the situation is complicated by adiabatic temperature change: as a parcel of air moves upward, the ambient pressure drops, causing the parcel to expand.  Some of the

text: internal energy

text: of the parcel is used up in doing the

text: work

text: required to expand against the atmospheric pressure, so the temperature of the parcel drops, even though it has not lost any heat.  Conversely, a sinking parcel is compressed and becomes warmer even though no heat is added.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no heat is added

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: In the atmosphere, where vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatic

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause adiabatic temperature change

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why do warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: adiabatic temperature change

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is used up in doing the work required to expand against the atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is used up in doing the work

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy of the parcel

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and pressure

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a sinking parcel is compressed and becomes warmer

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: expanding

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: vertical variation in pressure

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by adiabatic temperature change

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: a sinking parcel is compressed and becomes warmer even though no heat is added.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: adiabatic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatic

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: In the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the temperature of the parcel drops, even though it has not lost any heat.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: warmer even though no heat is added.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: a sinking parcel is compressed and becomes warmer even though no heat is added.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: adiabatic temperature change:

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: In the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Some of the internal energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: vertical variation in pressure is much larger than in a room,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: it has not lost any heat.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: adiabatic temperature change:

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: adiabatic temperature change:

text: IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric (or Air) Cherenkov Telescope or Technique. It is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma-ray photons, in the photon energy range of 50 GeV to 50 TeV. There are currently three operating IACT systems: H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. Set to be the world's largest telescope at the highest altitude, the Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is currently being established at Hanle, Ladakh, India. Also, currently under design is the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).

text: IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric (or Air) Cherenkov Telescope or Technique. It is a device or method to detect

text: very-high-energy

text: gamma-ray

text: photon

text: s, in the

text: photon energy

text: range of 50

text: GeV

text: to 50

text: TeV

text: . There are currently three operating IACT systems:

text: H.E.S.S.

text: MAGIC

text: and

text: VERITAS

text: . Set to be the world's largest telescope at the highest altitude, the

entity_name: Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope

text: Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope

text: (MACE) is currently being established at Hanle, Ladakh, India. Also, currently under design is the

text: Cherenkov Telescope Array

text: (CTA).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an example of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does IACT stand for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How many operating IACT systems are there?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photon

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma-ray photons

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Ladakh

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the highest altitude

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 50 GeV to 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: world's largest telescope at the highest altitude,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy range of 50 GeV to 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: three operating IACT systems:

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 50 GeV to 50 TeV.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: IACT

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma-ray photons,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: very-high-energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Air)

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: world's largest telescope at the highest altitude,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma-ray photons,

text: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes, as a consequence of:

text: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes, as a consequence of:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be used to measure

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: burning fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does it occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no one can

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a person's

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be done

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can not be removed

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: ionizing radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: releasing carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse gases cannot be removed from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a pond

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

text: Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth are observed in the gamma decay of radionuclides and secondary radiation from atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles. There are rare terrestrial natural sources, such as lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, that produce gamma rays not of a nuclear origin. Additionally, gamma rays are produced by a number of astronomical processes in which very high-energy electrons are produced, that in turn cause secondary gamma rays via bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton scattering, and synchrotron radiation. However, a large fraction of such astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere and can only be detected by spacecraft. Gamma rays are produced by nuclear fusion in stars including the Sun (such as the CNO cycle), but are absorbed or inelastically scattered by the stellar material, reducing their energy, before escaping and are not observable from Earth as gamma rays.

text: Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth are observed in the gamma decay of

text: radionuclide

text: s and secondary radiation from atmospheric interactions with

text: cosmic ray

text: particles. There are rare terrestrial natural sources, such as

text: lightning strike

text: s and

text: terrestrial gamma-ray flash

text: es, that produce gamma rays not of a nuclear origin. Additionally, gamma rays are produced by a number of astronomical processes in which very high-energy electrons are produced, that in turn cause secondary gamma rays via

text: bremsstrahlung

text: , inverse

text: Compton scattering

text: , and

text: synchrotron radiation

text: . However, a large fraction of such astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere and can only be detected by spacecraft. Gamma rays are produced by nuclear fusion in

text: stars

text: including the Sun (such as the

text: CNO cycle

text: ), but are absorbed or inelastically scattered by the stellar material, reducing their energy, before escaping and are not observable from Earth as gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: synchrotron radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of gamma rays on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is gamma rays?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: inelastically scattered

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: bremsstrahlung

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause secondary gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How are gamma rays produced?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can only be detected by spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: lightning strikes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: lightning strikes

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of gamma rays?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: bremsstrahlung

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear fusion in stars

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: gamma rays are produced by nuclear fusion in stars including the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: bremsstrahlung,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: absorbed or inelastically scattered by the stellar material,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: absorbed or inelastically scattered by the stellar material,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: lightning strikes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: observable from Earth as gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: reducing their energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: spacecraft.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Natural sources of gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: very high-energy electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma rays.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: high-energy electrons

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radionuclides

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Gamma rays are produced by nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: spacecraft.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles.

text: The advantages of a ground effect train over a maglev are lower cost due to simpler construction. Disadvantages include either constant input of energy to keep the train hovering (in the case of hovercraft-like vehicles) or the necessity to keep the vehicle moving for it to remain off the ground (in the case of Wing In Ground effect vehicles). Furthermore, these vehicles may be very drastically affected by wind, air turbulence, and weather. Whereas the magnetic levitation train can be built to operate in a vacuum to minimise air resistance, the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere in order for the air cushion to exist.

text: The advantages of a ground effect train over a maglev are lower cost due to simpler construction. Disadvantages include either constant input of energy to keep the train hovering (in the case of hovercraft-like vehicles) or the necessity to keep the vehicle moving for it to remain off the ground (in the case of Wing In Ground effect vehicles). Furthermore, these vehicles may be very drastically affected by wind, air

text: turbulence

text: , and weather. Whereas the magnetic levitation train can be built to operate in a vacuum to minimise air resistance, the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere in order for the air cushion to exist.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: maglev

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the advantage of a ground effect train over a maglev?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What are the advantages of a ground effect train

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Hovercraft-like

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Hovercraft-like vehicles

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere in order for the air cushion to exist

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the advantage of a ground effect train over a maglev?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the advantage of a ground effect train over a maglev?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is a disadvantage of a ground effect train?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What are the advantages of a ground effect train over a maglev

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What does a magnetic levitation train use?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: constant input

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: ground effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an advantage of a ground effect train?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Hovercraft-like vehicles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: magnetic levitation train can be built to operate in a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ground effect trains

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetism

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ground effect trains

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ground effect train

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: air turbulence

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The advantages of a ground effect train

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: maglev

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ground effect train over a maglev

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: turbulence,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wing In Ground effect vehicles).

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ground effect train over a maglev

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: wind, air turbulence, and weather.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: air cushion to exist.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the ground effect train must operate in an atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ground effect train

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the ground effect train

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Wing In Ground effect vehicles).

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Wing In Ground effect vehicles).

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: wind, air turbulence, and weather.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: constant input of energy to keep the train hovering

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air turbulence,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: magnetic levitation train can be built to operate in a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: constant input of energy to keep the train hovering

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: constant input of energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: constant input of energy

text: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz (the Lorenz Energy Cycle), extratropical cyclones (so-called atmospheric transients) acts as a mechanism in converting potential energy that is created by pole to equator temperature gradients to eddy kinetic energy. In the process, the pole-equator temperature gradient is reduced (i.e. energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes).

text: In the classic analysis by

text: Edward Lorenz

text: (the Lorenz Energy Cycle), extratropical cyclones (so-called atmospheric transients) acts as a mechanism in converting potential energy that is created by pole to equator temperature gradients to eddy kinetic energy. In the process, the pole-equator temperature gradient is reduced (i.e. energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the Lorenz Energy Cycle?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: transients

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat up the higher latitudes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the main idea of the article?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of molecules?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: What happens mainly in the upper atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cyclone?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: eddy kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy is transported poleward

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: eddy kinetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy and eddy kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric transients

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cyclones

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Pole-equator temperature gradients

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: eddy kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric transients)

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: atmospheric transients)

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm up the higher latitudes).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: extratropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: extratropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: converting potential energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: atmospheric transients)

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: In the classic analysis by Edward Lorenz

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy is transported poleward to warm up the higher latitudes).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: extratropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: eddy kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: warm up the higher latitudes).

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: potential energy that is created by pole to equator temperature gradients

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: extratropical cyclones

text: Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere. The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection. If areas of high CAPE exist in the β-skirt, the deep convection that forms would act as a source of vorticity and turbulence kinetic energy. This small-scale energy will upscale into a jet around the storm. The low-level jet focuses the stochastic energy a nearly axisymmetric ring around the eye. Once this low-level jet forms, a positive feedback cycle such as WISHE can amplify the initial perturbations into a secondary eyewall.

text: Convective available potential energy

text: (CAPE) is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere. The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection. If areas of high CAPE exist in the β-skirt, the deep convection that forms would act as a source of vorticity and

text: turbulence kinetic energy

text: . This small-scale energy will upscale into a jet around the storm. The low-level jet focuses the stochastic energy a nearly axisymmetric ring around the eye. Once this low-level jet forms, a positive feedback cycle such as

text: WISHE

text: can amplify the initial perturbations into a secondary eyewall.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of vorticity and turbulence?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of vorticity and turbulence kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: low-level jet

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of convection

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of vorticity and turbulence?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of vorticity and turbulence?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not an example of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapor or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CAPE is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Vorticity and turbulence kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: areas of high CAPE

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: a parcel of air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a positive feedback cycle

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: turbulence kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: turbulence kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The higher the CAPE, the more likely there will be convection.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small-scale energy will upscale into a jet around the storm.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: turbulence

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: <unk>-skirt,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: areas of high CAPE exist in the <unk>-skirt,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: convection.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Convective available potential energy

text: Though, conversion of thermal energy to other forms, thus reducing the temperature of a system, has strict limitations, often keeping its efficiency much less than 100% (even when energy is not allowed to escape from the system).  This is because thermal energy has already been partly spread out among many available states of a collection of microscopic particles constituting the system, which can have enormous numbers of possible combinations of momentum and position (these combinations are said to form a phase space). In such circumstances, a measure called entropy, or evening-out of energy distributions, dictates that future states of an isolated system must be of at least equal evenness in energy distribution. In other words, there is no way to concentrate energy without spreading out energy somewhere else.

text: Though, conversion of thermal energy to other forms, thus reducing the temperature of a system, has strict limitations, often keeping its efficiency much less than 100% (even when energy is not allowed to escape from the system).  This is because thermal energy has already been partly spread out among many available states of a collection of microscopic particles constituting the system, which can have enormous numbers of possible combinations of momentum and position (these combinations are said to form a

text: phase space

text: ). In such circumstances, a measure called

text: entropy

text: , or evening-out of energy distributions, dictates that future states of an isolated system must be of at least equal evenness in energy distribution. In other words, there is no way to concentrate energy without spreading out energy somewhere else.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: concentrated

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a system

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a term used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can have enormous numbers of possible combinations

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: there is no way to concentrate energy without spreading out energy somewhere else

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: an isolated system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: entropy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal energy has already been partly spread out among many available states

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: phase space).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: concentrate energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy is not allowed to escape from the system).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 100% (even when energy is not allowed to escape from the system).

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: there is no way to concentrate energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: efficiency much less than 100%

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 100%

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: conversion of thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 100% (even when energy is not allowed to escape from the system).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a collection of microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: microscopic particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: entropy,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal energy

text: The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in a planet's atmosphere warm its lower atmosphere and surface. It was proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824, discovered in 1860 by John Tyndall,  was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, and was developed in the 1930s through 1960s by Guy Stewart Callendar.

text: The greenhouse effect is the process by which

text: absorption

text: and

text: emission

text: of

text: infrared

text: radiation by gases in a planet's

text: atmosphere

text: warm its lower atmosphere and surface. It was proposed by

text: Joseph Fourier

text: in 1824, discovered in 1860 by

text: John Tyndall

text: ,  was first investigated quantitatively by

text: Svante Arrhenius

text: in 1896, and was developed in the 1930s through 1960s by

text: Guy Stewart Callendar

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect was developed in the 1930s through 1960s by Guy Stewart Callendar

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb and emit infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a scientist: Joseph Fourier, Svante Arrhenius or Guy Stewart Callendar?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What was discovered in 1860 by John Tyndall?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: absorption and emission of infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warm its lower atmosphere and surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 1930s through 1960s

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases in a planet's atmosphere

text: The contribution of each gas to the greenhouse effect is affected by the characteristics of that gas, its abundance, and any indirect effects it may cause. For example, the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total direct radiative effect is smaller, in part due to its shorter atmospheric lifetime. On the other hand, in addition to its direct radiative impact, methane has a large, indirect radiative effect because it contributes to ozone formation. Shindell et al. (2005) argue that the contribution to climate change from methane is at least double previous estimates as a result of this effect.

text: The contribution of each gas to the greenhouse effect is affected by the characteristics of that gas, its abundance, and any indirect effects it may cause. For example, the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total direct radiative effect is smaller, in part due to its shorter atmospheric lifetime. On the other hand, in addition to its direct radiative impact, methane has a large, indirect radiative effect because it contributes to ozone formation. Shindell et al. (2005) argue that the contribution to climate change from methane is at least double previous estimates as a result of this effect.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the direct radiative effect of a mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct radiative

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to ozone formation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the direct radiative effect of methane?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The contribution of each gas to the greenhouse effect is affected by

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: methane has a large, indirect radiative effect because it contributes to ozone formation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The contribution of each gas

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ozone formation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: the direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: shorter atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: the direct radiative effect

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gas

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric lifetime.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: methane is about 72 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gas to the greenhouse effect is affected by the characteristics of that gas,

text: Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere exists in two main forms: carbon dioxide and methane. Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect. Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide, but it exists in much lower concentrations and is more short-lived than carbon dioxide, making carbon dioxide the more important greenhouse gas of the two.

text: Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere exists in two main forms:

text: carbon dioxide

text: and

text: methane

text: . Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the

text: greenhouse effect

text: . Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide, but it exists in much lower concentrations and is more short-lived than carbon dioxide, making carbon dioxide the more important greenhouse gas of the two.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, carbon dioxide, or methane?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon dioxide be the more important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or methane?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or methane?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide and methane

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide and methane. Both of these gases absorb and retain heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide and methane.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: carbon dioxide and methane.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide and methane.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Methane

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere

text: In the Arctic, during the winter months of November through February, the sun remains very low in the sky or does not rise at all.  Where it does rise, the days are short, and the sun's low position in the sky means that, even at noon, not much energy is reaching the surface.  Furthermore, most of the small amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface is reflected away by the bright snow cover.  Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation that reaches it (Serreze and Barry, 2005), and most of the Arctic, with the exception of the ice-free parts of the sea, have snow covering the land or ice surface in winter.  These factors result in a negligible input of solar energy to the Arctic in winter; the only things keeping the Arctic from continuously cooling all winter are the transport of warmer air and ocean water into the Arctic from the south and the transfer of heat from the subsurface land and ocean (both of which gain heat in summer and release it in winter) to the surface and atmosphere.

text: In the Arctic, during the winter months of November through February, the sun remains very low in the sky or does not rise at all.  Where it does rise, the days are short, and the sun's low position in the sky means that, even at noon, not much energy is reaching the surface.  Furthermore, most of the small amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface is reflected away by the bright snow cover.  Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation that reaches it (Serreze and Barry, 2005), and most of the Arctic, with the exception of the ice-free parts of the sea, have snow covering the land or ice surface in winter.  These factors result in a negligible input of solar energy to the Arctic in winter; the only things keeping the Arctic from continuously cooling all winter are the transport of warmer air and ocean water into the Arctic from the south and the transfer of heat from the subsurface land and ocean (both of which gain heat in summer and release it in winter) to the surface and atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the only thing keeping the Arctic from continuously cooling all winter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not reflected away by the bright snow cover?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: air convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reflect away from the Arctic

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the Arctic?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does not rise at all

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation that reaches the surface

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What is solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun does not rise at all

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Arctic

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Winter in the Arctic

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: in summer

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Subsurface land and ocean

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: In the Arctic,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: snow cover.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: snow cover.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: cooling all winter are the transport of warmer air

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: bright snow cover.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cold snow

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Cold snow reflects between 70% and 90% of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: warmer air

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warmer air and ocean water into the Arctic from the south

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: negligible input of solar energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: In the Arctic,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: reflected away by the bright snow cover.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat from the subsurface land and ocean

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 90% of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: not much energy is reaching the surface.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a negligible input of solar energy to the Arctic in winter;

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: subsurface land and ocean

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: transfer of heat from the subsurface land and ocean

text: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle (Sun closer to the horizon), the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area, and is therefore weaker than if the Sun is higher overhead and the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.

text: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower

text: angle

text: (Sun closer to the horizon), the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area, and is therefore weaker than if the Sun is higher overhead and the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the sun is closer to the horizon

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It can not travel through air.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: concentrated over a larger area

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be more intense if the sun is higher overhead.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: when the sun is higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is affected by the angle of the sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be spread over a larger area

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle, the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area, and is therefore stronger.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in solar energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the sun shining at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: weaker than if the Sun is higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: weaker

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: When sunlight

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: higher overhead

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: When sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun is higher overhead and the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: weaker

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sunlight shines on the earth at a lower angle

text: Amory Lovins advocates "soft energy paths" involving efficient energy use, diverse and renewable energy sources, and special reliance on "soft energy technologies". Soft energy technologies are those based on solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, etc. which are matched in scale and quality to their task.  Residential solar energy technologies are prime examples of soft energy technologies and rapid deployment of simple, energy conserving, residential solar energy technologies is fundamental to a soft energy strategy.

text: Amory Lovins advocates "

text: soft energy path

text: s" involving

text: efficient energy use

text: , diverse and

text: renewable energy

text: sources, and special reliance on "

text: soft energy technologies

text: ". Soft energy technologies are those based on

text: solar

text: wind

text: biofuel

text: s,

text: geothermal

text: , etc. which are matched in scale and quality to their task.  Residential solar energy technologies are prime examples of soft energy technologies and rapid deployment of simple, energy conserving, residential solar energy technologies is fundamental to a soft energy strategy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: soft energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: soft energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Solar energy technologies are prime examples of what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, etc.?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: quality to their task

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored in a solar cell

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does Amory Lovins advocate?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar, wind, biofuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: renewable energy sources are those based on solar

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: biofuels

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Soft energy technologies

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Amory Lovins advocates "soft energy paths"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Soft energy technologies

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Residential solar energy technologies

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Soft energy technologies

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "soft energy paths"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: matched in scale and quality to their task.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar, wind, biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Soft energy technologies are those based on solar, wind, biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Amory Lovins

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar, wind, biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar, wind, biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, etc.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy conserving,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy conserving,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar, wind, biofuels,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: efficient energy use,

text: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation. For example, EPS is based on the regularities of the correlation of physico-chemical properties and integral spectral characteristics for UV or (and) visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (so-called law spectrum-properties). Color is also an integral characteristic of a visible spectrum. Therefore, the consequence of this is so-called law color-properties.  All this allow the use of EPS methods for studying individual and complex multicomponent substances.

text: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation. For example, EPS is based on the regularities of the correlation of physico-chemical properties and integral spectral characteristics for UV or (and) visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (so-called law spectrum-properties). Color is also an integral characteristic of a visible spectrum. Therefore, the consequence of this is so-called law color-properties.  All this allow the use of EPS methods for studying individual and complex multicomponent substances.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can travel only through matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: integral spectral characteristics

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: convection current

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is based on the regularities

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: integral spectral characteristics

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: law color-properties

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: multicomponent substances

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: EPS

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: law color-properties.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: UV or (and) visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: New physical phenomena appear in consideration of the integral systems which absorb radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: EPS methods for studying individual and complex multicomponent substances.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: UV or (and) visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: EPS methods for studying individual and complex multicomponent substances.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: law color-properties.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiation.

text: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies. Energy events as high as  have been recorded. When these particles collide with nucleons in the Earth's atmosphere, a shower of particles is generated, including pions. More than half of the cosmic radiation observed from the Earth's surface consists of muons. The particle called a muon is a lepton produced in the upper atmosphere by the decay of a pion.

text: Cosmic ray

text: s are particles traveling through space with high energies. Energy events as high as  have been recorded. When these particles collide with nucleons in the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , a shower of particles is generated, including

text: pion

text: s. More than half of the cosmic radiation observed from the Earth's surface consists of

text: muon

text: s. The particle called a muon is a lepton produced in the upper atmosphere by the decay of a pion.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a particle?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a particle: cosmic rays, muons, or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cosmic rays travel through space with high

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cosmic ray?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does cosmic rays have

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or cosmic rays?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a cosmic ray?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: Cosmic rays, muons, or deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How do cosmic rays travel through space with high energies?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: particles traveling through space with high energies have been recorded.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: nucleons

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: a muon is a lepton

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Cosmic rays are particles traveling through space with high energies.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Energy events as high as have been recorded.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Cosmic rays

text: The telescope is named after the Soviet scientist Pavel Cherenkov, who predicted that charged particles moving at high speeds in a medium emit light. The high-energy gamma rays emitted from black holes, centers of galaxies and pulsars do not reach the land as they get absorbed in the atmosphere. Upon interaction with the atmosphere, these photons produce electron–positron pairs, leading to a cascade of particles which while moving at very high speed give rise to Cerenkov radiation.

text: The telescope is named after the Soviet scientist

text: Pavel Cherenkov

text: , who predicted that charged particles moving at high speeds in a medium emit light. The high-energy gamma rays emitted from black holes, centers of galaxies and pulsars do not reach the land as they get absorbed in the atmosphere. Upon interaction with the atmosphere, these photons produce electron–positron pairs, leading to a cascade of particles which while moving at very high speed give rise to

text: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is Cerenkov radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where do the high-energy gamma rays get absorbed?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The telescope is named after the Soviet scientist

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron–positron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of gamma rays: black holes, centers of galaxies or pulsars?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: Cerenkov radiation or deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: do not reach the land as they get absorbed in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a medium

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electron–positron pairs

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Cerenkov radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: charged particles moving at high speeds in a medium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photons produce electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: land

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: absorbed in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: high-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Soviet scientist Pavel Cherenkov,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The telescope is named after the Soviet scientist Pavel Cherenkov,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: they get absorbed in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: high-energy gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electron–positron pairs,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: do not reach the land

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged particles moving at high speeds

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Cerenkov radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: photons produce electron–positron pairs,

text: The electromagnetic spectrum is the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known photons ( electromagnetic radiation ). The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object.

text: The electromagnetic spectrum is the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known

text: photons

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: ). The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known photons

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How does this effect the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is the collective term for all known frequencies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood affect the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can not be described

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the collective term for all known frequencies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known photons

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: The energy of Sun comes from the nuclear fusion in its core where a helium atom and an electron neutrino are generated by 4 protons. These neutrinos emitted from this reaction are called solar neutrinos. Photons, created by the nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun, take millions of years to reach the surface; on the other hand, solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter. Hence, solar neutrinos make it possible for us to observe the inner Sun in "real-time" that takes millions of years for visible light.

text: The energy of Sun comes from the nuclear fusion in its core where a helium atom and an electron neutrino are generated by 4 protons. These neutrinos emitted from this reaction are called solar neutrinos. Photons, created by the nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun, take millions of years to reach the surface; on the other hand, solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter. Hence, solar neutrinos make it possible for us to observe the inner Sun in "real-time" that takes millions of years for visible light.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: How long does it take for photons to reach the surface?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: take millions of years to reach the surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: solar neutrinos make it possible for us to observe the inner Sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How long does it take for solar neutrinos to arrive at the earth?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: nuclear fusion in its core or solar neutrinos?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Photons

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Photons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The energy of Sun

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Photons,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: nuclear fusion in its core

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Photons,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Photons,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: lack of interactions with matter.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The energy of Sun

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The energy of Sun comes from the nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: matter.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: "real-time"

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electron neutrino

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Photons,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The energy of Sun

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Photons,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: matter.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: nuclear fusion

text: Drought is an anomaly within the atmospheric, surface and sub-surface cycling of water and energy, usually initiated through large to regional scale atmospheric processes, and enhanced and maintained through regional to local atmospheric, surface hydrology, land surface and groundwater feedbacks that operate throughout the annual cycle. Droughts are a distinctive feature of the Canadian Prairies where the large scale atmospheric circulations are influenced by blocking from intense orography to the west and long distances from all warm ocean-derived atmospheric water sources.

text: Drought

text: is an anomaly within the atmospheric, surface and sub-surface cycling of water and energy, usually initiated through large to regional scale atmospheric processes, and enhanced and maintained through regional to local

text: atmospheric

text: surface hydrology

text: land surface

text: and

text: groundwater

text: feedbacks that operate throughout the annual cycle. Droughts are a distinctive feature of the

text: Canadian Prairies

text: where the large scale

text: atmospheric circulation

text: s are influenced by

text: blocking

text: from intense

text: orography

text: to the west and long distances from all warm ocean-derived atmospheric water sources.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric circulations

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sub-surface

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: block from intense orography

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is a characteristic feature of the Canadian Prairies?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sub-surface

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: sub-surface

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Droughts are a distinctive feature of the Canadian Prairies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sub-surface

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm ocean-derived atmospheric water sources.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: large to regional scale atmospheric processes,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: warm ocean-derived atmospheric water sources.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: groundwater feedbacks

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: large to regional scale atmospheric processes,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy, usually initiated through large to regional scale atmospheric processes,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Drought

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: warm ocean-derived

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: warm ocean-derived atmospheric water sources.

text: The density changes from 3.3 to 2.7 g/cm with a concurrent volume increase on the order of 30-40%. The reaction is highly exothermic and rock temperatures can be raised by about , providing an energy source for formation of non-volcanic hydrothermal vents. The magnetite-forming chemical reactions produce hydrogen gas under anaerobic conditions prevailing deep in the mantle, far from the Earth's atmosphere. Carbonates and sulfates are subsequently reduced by hydrogen and form methane and hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide provide energy sources for deep sea chemotroph microorganisms.

text: The density changes from 3.3 to 2.7 g/cm with a concurrent volume increase on the order of 30-40%. The reaction is highly

text: exothermic

text: and rock temperatures can be raised by about , providing an energy source for formation of non-volcanic

text: hydrothermal vent

text: s. The magnetite-forming chemical reactions produce

text: hydrogen

text: gas under anaerobic conditions prevailing deep in the

text: mantle

text: , far from the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: Carbonate

text: s and

text: sulfate

text: s are subsequently reduced by hydrogen and form

text: methane

text: and

text: hydrogen sulfide

text: . The hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide provide energy sources for deep sea

text: chemotroph

text: microorganism

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for formation of non-volcanic hydrothermal vents?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: vents

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: provide energy sources for deep sea chemotroph microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why are the magnetite-forming chemical reactions producing hydrogen gas under anaerobic conditions prevailing deep in the mantle?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of methane and hydrogen sulfide?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the reason for the increase in temperature?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy does the reaction provide?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical reaction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical reaction: carbonates and sulfates or methane?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: methane and hydrogen sulfide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: deep sea chemotroph microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hydrothermal vents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hydrogen gas

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rock temperatures can be raised

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: magnetite-forming

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 30-40%. The reaction is highly exothermic

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The magnetite-forming chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: rock temperatures

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: far from the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: rock temperatures

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: deep in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy source for formation of non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy source for formation of non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: deep sea chemotroph microorganisms.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: methane and hydrogen sulfide.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 30-40%.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The density changes from 3.3 to 2.7 g/cm

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: non-volcanic hydrothermal vents.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: rock temperatures

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: rock temperatures

text: Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by certain astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications. In addition, almost any wire carrying alternating current will radiate some of the energy away as radio waves; these are mostly termed interference. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may bend at the rate of the curvature of the Earth and may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves travel around the world by multiple reflections off the ionosphere and the Earth. Much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel along the line of sight.

text: Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by certain astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications. In addition, almost any wire carrying alternating current will radiate some of the energy away as radio waves; these are mostly termed interference. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may bend at the rate of the curvature of the Earth and may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves travel around the world by multiple reflections off the ionosphere and the Earth. Much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel along the line of sight.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: interference

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause radio waves to travel at the speed of light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: innumerable other applications

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a radio wave?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: alternating current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which is not a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: propagation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Lightning does not produce radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radio waves traveling at the speed of light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: artificially generated radio waves

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: interference.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: almost any wire carrying alternating current

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: lightning, or by certain astronomical objects.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: interference. Different frequencies of radio waves

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: bend or reflect very little and travel along the line of sight.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cover a part of the Earth very consistently,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: ionosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: alternating current

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Artificially generated radio waves

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: shorter wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: alternating current will radiate some of the energy away as radio waves;

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere;

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: infrared light.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: alternating current will radiate some of the energy away as radio waves;

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel along the line of sight.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: long waves may bend at the rate of the curvature of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Radio waves

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Artificially generated radio waves

text: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation warming the atmosphere which in turn warms the land.

text: Greenhouse gas

text: es trap outgoing radiation warming the atmosphere which in turn warms the land.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: It traps outgoing radiation.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a source of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: b).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: emitted from the sun

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warm the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no answe

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true about greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is true of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be improved by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is an example of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be absorbed by the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse gases do not trap outgoing radiation.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing heat

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a warmer climate

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warms the land.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: warms the land.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outgoing radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

text: In 1917 Alexander Graham Bell wrote "[The unchecked burning of fossil fuels] would have a sort of greenhouse effect", and "The net result is the greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house." Bell went on to also advocate the use of alternate energy sources, such as solar energy.

text: In 1917

text: Alexander Graham Bell

text: wrote "[The unchecked burning of fossil fuels] would have a sort of greenhouse effect", and "The net result is the greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house." Bell went on to also advocate the use of alternate energy sources, such as

text: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a kind of greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does Alexander Graham Bell advocate for?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unchecked

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the net result of the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fossil fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be used to produce heat

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unchecked burning

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The net result is the greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: unchecked

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unchecked burning

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect",

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Alexander Graham Bell

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect",

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hot-house."

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: alternate energy sources, such as solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Alexander Graham Bell

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house."

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house."

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: hot-house."

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: burning of fossil fuels]

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "[The unchecked burning of fossil fuels]

text: When combined with a white roof (the fastest growing segment of the commercial roof industry with over 1 billion square feet installed in 2008 and required for any new commercial construction in California), the company claimed that systems that employ the panels on a given rooftop could produce significantly more electricity in a given year. It was thought that on a white roof, the panels can capture up to 20% more light than a black roof. (Note: it is difficult to cite a specific reference for this because the exact gain depends on the latitude of the installation (i.e. sun angle). Solyndra's on-line energy modeling tool allowed designers to specify the roof albedo, and energy output varied as a function of albedo. Twenty percent is cited as typical figure and was validated by careful testing and modeling by the Fraunhofer Institute, among others. However, this report is not available on-line.)

text: When combined with a white roof (the fastest growing segment of the commercial roof industry with over 1 billion square feet installed in 2008 and required for any new commercial construction in California), the company claimed that systems that employ the panels on a given rooftop could produce significantly more electricity in a given year. It was thought that on a white roof, the panels can capture up to 20% more light than a black roof. (Note: it is difficult to cite a specific reference for this because the exact gain depends on the latitude of the installation (i.e. sun angle). Solyndra's on-line energy modeling tool allowed designers to specify the roof albedo, and energy output varied as a function of albedo. Twenty percent is cited as typical figure and was validated by careful testing and modeling by the Fraunhofer Institute, among others. However, this report is not available on-line.)

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: (i)

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (i.e. sun angle)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: smog

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: It was thought that on a white roof, the panels can capture up to 20% more light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The exact gain depends on the latitude

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It was thought that on a white roof, the panels can capture up to 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: It is always cold air that sinks to the surface.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the exact gain depends on the latitude of the installation (i.e. sun angle)

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The company claimed that systems that employ the panels on a given rooftop could produce significantly more electricity in a given year

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Solyndra

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: roofs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the exact gain depends on the latitude

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the exact gain depends on the latitude

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: white roof

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: albedo,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: black roof.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: black roof.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: black roof.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1 billion square feet installed in 2008

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: albedo,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electricity in a given year.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: produce significantly more electricity in a given year.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1 billion square feet installed in 2008

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: electricity in a given year.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: black roof.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy output varied as a function of albedo.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 20% more light than a black roof.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun angle).

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: sun angle).

text: The existence of the greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824. The argument and the evidence were further strengthened by Claude Pouillet in 1827 and 1838 and reasoned from experimental observations by John Tyndall in 1859. The effect was more fully quantified by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. However, the term "greenhouse" was not used to refer to this effect by any of these scientists; the term was first used in this way by Nils Gustaf Ekholm in 1901.

text: The existence of the greenhouse effect was argued for by

text: Joseph Fourier

text: in 1824. The argument and the evidence were further strengthened by

text: Claude Pouillet

text: in 1827 and 1838 and reasoned from experimental observations by

text: John Tyndall

text: in 1859. The effect was more fully quantified by

text: Svante Arrhenius

text: in 1896. However, the term "greenhouse" was not used to refer to this effect by any of these scientists; the term was first used in this way by

text: Nils Gustaf Ekholm

text: in 1901.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term used to refer to this effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a scientist: Joseph Fourier, Claude Pouillet, or Svante Arrhenius?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Claude Pouillet

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many years after Joseph Fourier argued for the existence of the greenhouse effect did Claude Pouillet reasoned from experimental observations by John Tyndall?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouses

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Svante Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Svante Arrhenius

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Claude Pouillet in 1827 and 1838

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Nils Gustaf Ekholm in 1901.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Claude Pouillet in 1827 and 1838

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: experimental observations by John Tyndall in 1859.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Nils Gustaf Ekholm in 1901.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: experimental observations by John Tyndall in 1859.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: "greenhouse"

text: Another difference concerns the movement of the centre of mass of the body. In walking the body "vaults" over the leg on the ground, raising the centre of mass to its highest point as the leg passes the vertical, and dropping it to the lowest as the legs are spread apart. Essentially kinetic energy of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in potential energy. This is reversed in running where the centre of mass is at its lowest as the leg is vertical. This is because the impact of landing from the ballistic phase is absorbed by bending the leg and consequently storing energy in muscles and tendons. In running there is a conversion between kinetic, potential, and elastic energy.

text: Another difference concerns the movement of the

text: centre of mass

text: of the body. In walking the body "vaults" over the leg on the ground, raising the centre of mass to its highest point as the leg passes the vertical, and dropping it to the lowest as the legs are spread apart. Essentially

text: kinetic energy

text: of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in

text: potential energy

text: . This is reversed in running where the centre of mass is at its lowest as the leg is vertical. This is because the impact of landing from the ballistic phase is absorbed by bending the leg and consequently storing energy in

text: muscles

text: and

text: tendons

text: . In running there is a conversion between kinetic, potential, and

text: elastic energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very low energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by muscles and tendons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is constantly being traded for a rise in potential energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: essentially kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic, potential, and elastic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in potential energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: running

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a rise in potential energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's temperature rises

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a rise in potential energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: muscles and tendons.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ballistic phase

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: potential energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Another difference concerns the movement of the centre of mass of the body.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Another difference concerns the movement of the centre of mass of the body.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic, potential, and elastic energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: walking

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy

text: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object due to the object's internal energy. If an object is heated sufficiently, it starts to emit light at the red end of the spectrum, as it becomes red hot.

text: Thermal radiation

text: is electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object due to the object's internal energy. If an object is heated sufficiently, it starts to emit light at the red end of the

text: spectrum

text: , as it becomes

text: red hot

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can thermal radiation be used for?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does thermal radiation emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which is not the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What is infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emit light at the red end of the spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why is thermal radiation emitted from an object?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not an example of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is true of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be emitted

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thermal radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cannot be thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal radiation and electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object due to the object's external energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal radiation emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: object's internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: red end

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: red end of the spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: red

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: surface of an object due to the object's internal energy.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Thermal radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heated

text: Schlieren is the German plural of schliere, which is German for the English word streak. Schlieren are visible streaks produced in a transparent medium as a result of variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.  Anything that disturbs the atmosphere may be detected (Schlieren Photography) because of the Schlieren effect caused by that atmospheric disturbance.  This type of Measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) detection falls under the category of Electro-optical MASINT.  A telephoto or telescopic picture of a jet passing between the photographer and a full moon will sometimes show the outline of the aircraft as well as the atmospheric distortions of the exhaust plumes.  This passive principle can be used at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.  Passive signature intelligence has captured stealth aircraft in flight by accident, when such aircraft fly between Earth imaging satellites and ground (can be seen in products like Google Earth).  Once a stealth signature has been captured, it may be loaded into a database library for an active and live satellite search at any point in the future.  Ground at past versus ground at present differential comparisons can be made to determine flight paths and altitudes of stealth aircraft.  This disturbance and disturbing influence method has been used for finding ships at sea through wake generation tracking and even in Wilson cloud chambers for particle discovery and tracking. The key principle is that the disturbance is much more visible in area and volume than the disturbing point source and converges attention to the much smaller disturbing source.

text: Schlieren is the German plural of schliere, which is German for the English word streak. Schlieren are visible streaks produced in a transparent medium as a result of variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.  Anything that disturbs the atmosphere may be detected (

text: Schlieren Photography

text: ) because of the

text: Schlieren effect

text: caused by that

text: atmospheric disturbance

text: .  This type of

text: Measurement and signature intelligence

text: (MASINT) detection falls under the category of

text: Electro-optical MASINT

text: .  A telephoto or telescopic picture of a jet passing between the photographer and a full moon will sometimes show the outline of the aircraft as well as the atmospheric distortions of the exhaust plumes.  This passive principle can be used at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.  Passive signature intelligence has captured stealth aircraft in flight by accident, when such aircraft fly between Earth imaging satellites and ground (can be seen in products like

text: Google Earth

text: ).  Once a stealth signature has been captured, it may be loaded into a database library for an active and live satellite search at any point in the future.  Ground at past versus ground at present differential comparisons can be made to determine flight paths and altitudes of stealth aircraft.  This disturbance and disturbing influence method has been used for finding ships at sea through wake generation tracking and even in

text: Wilson cloud chamber

text: s for particle discovery and tracking. The key principle is that the disturbance is much more visible in area and volume than the disturbing point source and converges attention to the much smaller disturbing source.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Passive principle

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the passive principle used for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Schlieren

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause schlieren

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a passive principle?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The key principle is that the disturbance is much more visible in area and volume than the disturbing point source and converges attention to the much smaller disturbing source

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electro-optical MASINT

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a chemical energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionic bonding

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: telephoto

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electro-optical

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: full moon will sometimes show the outline of the aircraft as well as the atmospheric distortions of the exhaust plumes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wilson cloud chambers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: variations in refractive index

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by variations in the medium's density

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Schlieren effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: transparent medium

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: wavelengths

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Electro-optical MASINT.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Schlieren

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: passive principle can be used at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: passive principle can be used at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Schlieren effect

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Schlieren

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Schlieren effect caused by that atmospheric disturbance.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Electro-optical MASINT.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: active and live satellite search

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Schlieren

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: telephoto or telescopic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: full moon

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wilson cloud chambers

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Earth imaging satellites and ground

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: variations in the medium's density leading to variations in refractive index.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric disturbance.

text: In the North American Deserts there are emerging natural resources within the ecosystem. A few natural resources within the desert consist of oil, sunlight, copper, zinc, and water. Some of these resources are renewable and some are non-renewable. Most of these resources are being exploited by humans and most actions are not sustainable.Sunlight is one of the deserts most important resource as it is renewable and has sustainable exploitations. Deserts within North America tend to have fields of solar panels, so they can reuse the sun as energy. Areas such as New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and the Great Basin area, put up fields for green energy. We monitored how the sun provides energy for resources such as plants and animals; we decided to make solar panels to produce energy for us. Water is also a resource found in the desert that can be reused and has sustainable exploitations.

text: In the North American Deserts there are emerging natural resources within the ecosystem. A few natural resources within the desert consist of oil, sunlight, copper, zinc, and water. Some of these resources are renewable and some are non-renewable. Most of these resources are being exploited by humans and most actions are not sustainable.Sunlight is one of the deserts most important resource as it is renewable and has sustainable exploitations. Deserts within North America tend to have fields of solar panels, so they can reuse the sun as energy. Areas such as New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and the Great Basin area, put up fields for green energy. We monitored how the sun provides energy for resources such as plants and animals; we decided to make solar panels to produce energy for us. Water is also a resource found in the desert that can be reused and has sustainable exploitations.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not renewable: sunlight, copper, zinc, or water?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: non-renewable

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not renewable: sunlight, copper, zinc, or water?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a non-renewable resource

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: most actions are not sustainable

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight is renewable and has sustainable exploitations

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a renewable resource: sunlight, copper, zinc, or water?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a non-renewable resource?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: What kind of energy does sunlight provide?

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Oil, sunlight, copper, zinc, and water

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: non-renewable

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a desert

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Deserts within North America having fields of solar panels

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: humans produce

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans exploiting natural resources

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: sunlight, copper, zinc, and water.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: sunlight, copper, zinc, and water.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: sustainable.Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Deserts

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: reuse the sun as energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: oil, sunlight, copper, zinc, and water.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: sustainable.Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: sustainable.Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: sustainable.Sunlight

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: oil, sunlight, copper, zinc, and water.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: plants and animals;

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: North American Deserts

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: green energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans

text: Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.

text: Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and together with

text: ocean circulation

text: is the means by which

text: thermal energy

text: is redistributed on the surface of the

text: Earth

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of circulation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be used to describe

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be redistributed by ocean circulation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is the large-scale movement

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of thermal energy: conduction or ocean circulation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy and solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric circulation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric circulation

text: Reported details about the event, such as water boiling in the muddy crater for ten minutes from the heat of the impact, presented a problem for experts. Because the impact site is at a high altitude of more than , the meteoroid may not have been slowed down as much as it ordinarily would have been by passage through the Earth’s denser lower atmosphere, and kinetic energy at impact may have been unusually high for a terrestrial impact of an object of this size and mass. Most larger meteorites are cold in their bulk mass when they land on Earth, since their heated outer layers ablate from the objects before impacting. It was later confirmed that the meteorite contained a large amount of iron and possessed magnetic properties common to similar metallic objects, which contributed to its capacity to retain heat during atmospheric entry.

text: Reported details about the event, such as water boiling in the muddy crater for ten minutes from the heat of the impact, presented a problem for experts. Because the impact site is at a high altitude of more than , the meteoroid may not have been slowed down as much as it ordinarily would have been by passage through the Earth’s denser lower atmosphere, and kinetic energy at impact may have been unusually high for a terrestrial impact of an object of this size and mass. Most larger meteorites are cold in their bulk mass when they land on Earth, since their heated outer layers

text: ablate

text: from the objects before impacting. It was later confirmed that the meteorite contained a large amount of

text: iron

text: and possessed magnetic properties common to similar metallic objects, which contributed to its capacity to retain heat during

text: atmospheric entry

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: magnetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What did the meteorite possess?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high altitude

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat water in the muddy crater

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It was later confirmed that the meteorite contained a large amount of iron and possessed magnetic properties

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the meteorite?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of the meteorite?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of meteorite: metallic, meteorite, or meteorite?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: capacity to retain heat during atmospheric entry

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy at impact may have been unusually high

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the meteorite retain heat during atmospheric entry?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the meteoroid may not have been slowed down as much as it ordinarily would

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: meteorites are cold in their bulk mass when they land on Earth

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy at impact

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Most larger meteorites are cold in their bulk mass when they land on Earth

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: altitude

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth’s lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth’s dense lower atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat during atmospheric entry.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: magnetic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: magnetic properties

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: the meteoroid

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: kinetic energy at impact may have been unusually high

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Earth’s denser lower atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Earth’s denser lower atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heated outer layers

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: capacity to retain heat

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: the meteoroid

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: magnetic properties

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat during atmospheric entry.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: the meteoroid

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the meteoroid

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the meteoroid

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Most larger meteorites are cold in their bulk mass

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth’s denser lower atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heated outer layers

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat of the impact,

text: More tangible cost savings are defined when comparing the energy efficiencies of gas heaters with low NO emissions with conventional flued types. Gas heaters with emission problems are flued and inherently lose substantial energies in the form of hot flue gases to the atmosphere. In addition, the choice of placement of flued heaters is greatly impaired due to flue installation restrictions.

text: More tangible cost savings are defined when comparing the energy efficiencies of gas heaters with low NO emissions with conventional flued types. Gas heaters with emission problems are flued and inherently lose substantial energies in the form of hot

text: flue gases

text: to the atmosphere. In addition, the choice of placement of flued heaters is greatly impaired due to flue installation restrictions.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: flued

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: flue gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: flued

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Flued heaters with emission problems

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of gas heaters?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy loss?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is greatly impaired

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be described as a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no emissions

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: gas heaters with low NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: inherently lose substantial energies in the form of hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gas heaters

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: flued heaters

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: flued types

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: inherently lose substantial energies

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: flue gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: hot flue gases to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: energy efficiencies of gas heaters with low NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energies

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy efficiencies of gas heaters with low NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energies

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy efficiencies of gas heaters with low NO emissions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: flued types.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: hot flue gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: More tangible cost savings

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: hot flue gases to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: lose substantial energies in the form of hot flue gases to the atmosphere.

text: Mario Molina joined the lab of Professor F. Sherwood Rowland in 1973 as a postdoctoral fellow. Here, Molina continued Rowland's pioneering research into "hot atom" chemistry, which is the study of chemical properties of atoms with, and only with, excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes. This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which had been accumulating in the atmosphere. Rowland and Molina had investigated other compounds similar to CFCs before, and together they developed the CFC ozone depletion theory. Molina tried to figure out how CFCs might be destroyed in the lower atmosphere, but nothing seemed to work. He and Rowland knew that if CFCs released into the atmosphere do not decay by other processes, they continually rise to higher altitudes until they are destroyed by solar radiation. They discovered that chlorine atoms, produced by the decomposition of CFCs, catalytically destroy ozone. Rowland and Molina published their findings in Nature on June 28, 1974, and also made an effort to announce their findings outside of the scientific community, informing policy makers and the news media of their work. Attesting to the continuing importance of their discovery, to this day there are still laws that protect the ozone layer by regulating the use of CFCs.

text: Mario Molina joined the lab of Professor F. Sherwood Rowland in 1973 as a postdoctoral fellow. Here, Molina continued Rowland's pioneering research into "hot atom" chemistry, which is the study of chemical properties of atoms with, and only with, excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes. This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which had been accumulating in the atmosphere. Rowland and Molina had investigated other compounds similar to CFCs before, and together they developed the CFC ozone depletion theory. Molina tried to figure out how CFCs might be destroyed in the lower atmosphere, but nothing seemed to work. He and Rowland knew that if CFCs released into the atmosphere do not decay by other processes, they continually rise to higher altitudes until they are destroyed by solar radiation. They discovered that chlorine atoms, produced by the decomposition of CFCs, catalytically destroy ozone. Rowland and Molina published their findings in

text: Nature

text: on June 28, 1974, and also made an effort to announce their findings outside of the scientific community, informing policy makers and the news media of their work. Attesting to the continuing importance of their discovery, to this day there are still laws that protect the ozone layer by regulating the use of CFCs.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radioactive processes

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: translational energy, radioactive energy, or nuclear energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the study of chemical properties of atoms

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: hot atoms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CFCs released into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the study of chemical properties of atoms with, and only with, excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which happened first, CFCs released into the atmosphere do not decay by other processes, they continually rise to higher altitudes until they are destroyed by solar radiation?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of compound: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or CFCs?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a compound: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorine atoms, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does Mario Molina need to do before this?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: translational energy owing to radioactive processes

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does sunlight travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which spectrum is deep purple part of?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a chemical property of atoms with, and only with, excess translational energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: translational energy owing to radioactive processes

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radioactive processes and what else?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radioactive processes

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: CFCs

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: translational

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the decomposition of CFCs

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "hot atom" chemistry,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radioactive

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: excess translational energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: rise to higher altitudes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "hot atom"

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "hot atom" chemistry,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: they are destroyed

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: excess translational energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: if CFCs

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: research into "hot atom" chemistry,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: chlorofluorocarbons

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: excess translational energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radioactive processes.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: translational energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: excess translational energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: higher altitudes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: destroyed by solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),

text: Natural neutron background. A small natural background flux of free neutrons exists everywhere on Earth. In the atmosphere and deep into the ocean, the "neutron background" is caused by muons produced by cosmic ray interaction with the atmosphere. These high energy muons are capable of penetration to considerable depths in water and soil. There, in striking atomic nuclei, among other reactions they induce spallation reactions in which a neutron is liberated from the nucleus. Within the Earth's crust a second source is neutrons produced primarily by spontaneous fission of uranium and thorium present in crustal minerals. The neutron background is not strong enough to be a biological hazard, but it is of importance to very high resolution particle detectors that are looking for very rare events, such as (hypothesized) interactions that might be caused by particles of dark matter. Recent research has shown that even thunderstorms can produce neutrons with energies of up to several tens of MeV.

text: Natural neutron background. A small natural background flux of free neutrons exists everywhere on Earth. In the atmosphere and deep into the ocean, the "neutron background" is caused by

text: muon

text: s produced by

text: cosmic ray

text: interaction with the atmosphere. These high energy muons are capable of penetration to considerable depths in water and soil. There, in striking atomic nuclei, among other reactions they induce spallation reactions in which a neutron is liberated from the nucleus. Within the Earth's crust a second source is neutrons produced primarily by spontaneous fission of uranium and thorium present in crustal minerals. The neutron background is not strong enough to be a biological hazard, but it is of importance to very high resolution particle detectors that are looking for very rare events, such as (hypothesized) interactions that might be caused by particles of

text: dark matter

text: . Recent research has shown that even thunderstorms can produce neutrons with energies of up to several tens of MeV.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not the source of neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: How are cosmic rays capable of penetration to considerable depths?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a source of neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause neutrons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of neutron?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: These high energy muons are capable of penetration to considerable depths

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, water vapor or neutrons?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The neutron background is not strong enough

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic rays and neutrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the neutron background is not strong enough to be a biological hazard

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: natural neutron background

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by cosmic ray interaction

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: water and soil.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Natural neutron background. A small natural background flux of free neutrons

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: cosmic ray interaction

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: cosmic ray interaction

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: nucleus.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: high energy muons are capable of penetration to considerable depths

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: free neutrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: spallation reactions

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: cosmic ray interaction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cosmic ray interaction with the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thunderstorms can produce neutrons

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray interaction

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: spallation reactions

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: muons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: particles of dark matter.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thunderstorms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Natural neutron background.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: cosmic ray interaction with the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: muons produced by cosmic ray interaction with the atmosphere.

text: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Along with the burning of coal, petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO. Atmospheric CO has risen over the last 150 years to current levels of over 390 ppmv, from the 180 – 300 ppmv of the prior 800 thousand years This rise in temperature may have reduced the Arctic ice cap to , smaller than ever recorded. Because of this melt, more oil reserves have been revealed. It is estimated by the International Energy Agency that about 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil resides in the Arctic.<ref>"Arctic Sea Ice Reaches New Low, Shattering Record Set Just 3 Weeks Ago." NBCNews.com, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2012.

text: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a

text: greenhouse gas

text: . Along with the burning of coal, petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO. Atmospheric CO has risen over the last 150 years to current levels of over 390

text: ppmv

text: , from the

text: 180 – 300 ppmv of the prior 800 thousand years

text: This rise in temperature may have reduced the

text: Arctic ice cap

text: to , smaller than ever recorded. Because of this melt, more oil reserves have been revealed. It is estimated by the International Energy Agency that about 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil resides in the Arctic.<ref>"Arctic Sea Ice Reaches New Low, Shattering Record Set Just 3 Weeks Ago." NBCNews.com, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2012.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's temperature increase

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide, coal, or oil?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The ability to do work refers to

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: fossil fuels

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Arctic ice cap to, smaller than ever recorded

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Arctic sea

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric CO.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 390 ppmv,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: rise in temperature may have reduced the Arctic ice cap

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric CO

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Atmospheric CO

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: petroleum combustion may be the largest contributor to the increase in atmospheric CO.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil resides in the Arctic.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric CO

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: petroleum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: petroleum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Shattering Record Set Just 3 Weeks Ago."

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: petroleum releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Arctic ice cap

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: When burned, petroleum releases carbon dioxide,

text: ) and are therefore weak.  A series of such double layers would tend to merge, much like a string of bar magnets, and dissipate, even within a rarefied  plasma.  It has yet to be explained how any overall localised charge distribution in the form of double layers might provide a source of energy for auroral electrons precipitated into the atmosphere.

text: ) and are therefore weak.  A series of such double layers would tend to merge, much like a string of bar magnets, and dissipate, even within a rarefied  plasma.  It has yet to be explained how any overall localised charge distribution in the form of double layers might provide a source of energy for auroral electrons precipitated into the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: weak

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be a source of energy for what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is a source of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a series of such double layers would tend to merge

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: rarefied plasma

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: auroral

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: double layers might provide a source of energy for auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ) and are therefore weak.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: auroral electrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: rarefied plasma.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: weak.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: auroral electrons

text: On Earth, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases cause air temperature near the surface to be about  warmer than it would be in their absence. Without the Earth's atmosphere, the Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water. The major greenhouse gases are water vapour, which causes about 36–70% of the greenhouse effect; carbon dioxide (CO), which causes 9–26%; methane (CH), which causes 4–9%; and ozone (O), which causes 3–7%.<ref>{{Cite journal| url = http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080624223905/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| archivedate = 24 June 2008 | title = Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T. | last=Kiehl | first2=K.E. | last2=Trenberth | authorlink2=Kevin Trenberth |format=PDF|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society| pages =197–208|volume=78|issue=2|year=1997|accessdate =21 April 2009|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078

text: On Earth, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases cause air temperature near the surface to be about  warmer than it would be in their absence. Without the Earth's atmosphere, the Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water. The major greenhouse gases are

text: water vapour

text: , which causes about 36–70% of the greenhouse effect;

text: carbon dioxide

text: (CO), which causes 9–26%;

text: methane

text: (CH), which causes 4–9%; and

text: ozone

text: (O), which causes 3–7%.<ref>{{Cite journal| url = http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080624223905/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf| archivedate = 24 June 2008 | title = Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T. | last=Kiehl | first2=K.E. | last2=Trenberth | authorlink2=Kevin Trenberth |format=PDF|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society| pages =197–208|volume=78|issue=2|year=1997|accessdate =21 April 2009|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget is a 1997 paper by Kevin Trenberth.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget is a 1997 publication of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Infrared light has the greatest amount of energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: water vapour, CO, methane, or ozone?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Kevin Trenberth is the author of Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Energy is a

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy by a current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Energy transfer by direct contact between molecules

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Without the Earth's atmosphere, the Earth would be well below the freezing temperature of water.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's annual global mean energy budget

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: water vapour

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect;

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: last=Kiehl

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: last=Kiehl

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: authorlink2=Kevin Trenberth

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: warmer than it would be in their absence.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapour,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: freezing temperature of water.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: authorlink2=Kevin Trenberth

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: last=Kiehl

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: last=Kiehl

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: last=Kiehl

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth's average temperature would be well below the freezing temperature of water.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget|first=J.T.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases cause air temperature near the surface to be about warmer

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: water vapour,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: By transferring matter, energy—including thermal energy—is moved by the physical transfer of a hot or cold object from one place to another. This can be as simple as placing hot water in a bottle and heating a bed, or the movement of an iceberg in changing ocean currents. A practical example is thermal hydraulics. This can be described by the formula:

text: By transferring matter, energy—including thermal energy—is moved by the physical transfer of a hot or cold object from one place to another. This can be as simple as placing hot water in a bottle and heating a bed, or the movement of an iceberg in changing ocean currents. A practical example is

text: thermal hydraulics

text: . This can be described by the formula:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: can be described by the following:

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a room

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is an example of thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Warm air always rises in a convection current.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be moved by the physical transfer

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: cannot be described by the formula:

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: placing hot water in a bottle and heating a bed

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transferring matter

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal energy transfer

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: heats the air

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the physical transfer of a hot or cold object

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal hydraulics.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal hydraulics.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermal hydraulics.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy—including

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy—including

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: thermal hydraulics.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: iceberg in changing ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: changing ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: transferring matter,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal energy—is

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: transferring matter,

text: The role of the oceans in global warming is complex. The oceans serve as a sink for carbon dioxide, taking up much that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere, but increased levels of  have led to ocean acidification. Furthermore, as the temperature of the oceans increases, they become less able to absorb excess . The ocean have also acted as a sink in absorbing extra heat from the atmosphere. The increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy in the Earth’s heat balance over the two periods 1961 to 2003 and 1993 to 2003, and accounts for more than 90% of the possible increase in heat content of the Earth system during these periods.

text: The role of the oceans in global warming is complex. The oceans serve as a sink for carbon dioxide, taking up much that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere, but increased levels of  have led to

text: ocean acidification

text: . Furthermore, as the temperature of the oceans increases, they become less able to absorb excess . The ocean have also acted as a sink in absorbing extra heat from the atmosphere. The increase in ocean

text: heat content

text: is much larger than any other store of

text: energy

text: in the Earth’s heat balance over the two periods 1961 to 2003 and 1993 to 2003, and accounts for more than 90% of the possible increase in heat content of the Earth system during these periods.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: oceans or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do the oceans serve as a sink for?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the oceans?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: as the temperature of the oceans increases, they become less able to absorb excess

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What kind of energy is the increase in ocean heat content?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, oceans or conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to global warming?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: absorbing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the oceans

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: oceans in global warming

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The role of the oceans in global warming

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ocean heat content

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The role of the oceans in global warming

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: oceans in global warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: less able to absorb excess.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2003

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: increased levels of have led to ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: increased levels of have led to ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any other store of energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: extra heat from the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: There are two sources of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space: the sun and deep space.  The sun continuously emits particles, primarily free protons, in the solar wind, and occasionally augments the flow hugely with coronal mass ejections (CME).

text: There are two sources of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space: the sun and deep space.  The sun continuously emits particles, primarily free protons, in the solar wind, and occasionally augments the flow hugely with

text: coronal mass ejection

text: s (CME).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does the sun have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: CME

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause the Earth's temperature to increase

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a source of particles entering the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: protons

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space: the sun or deep space?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: deep space

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: free protons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun never emits particles

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: deep space

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: free protons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: CME

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: two sources of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space:

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space:

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The sun continuously emits particles, primarily free protons,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: free protons, in the solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the sun and deep space.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: coronal mass ejections (CME).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the sun and deep space.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: the sun and deep space.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: coronal mass ejections (CME).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space:

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: two sources of high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space:

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: free protons,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: free protons, in the solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the sun and deep space.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: space.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The sun

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: deep space.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: the sun and deep space.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: free protons,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: deep space.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: solar wind,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high energy particles entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space:

text: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

text: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric

text: dynamics

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The campers are warm because of radiative heating.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a person's skin

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does radiative heating cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: does radiative heating and cooling provide

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to drive a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of radiative heating and cooling?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is a type of

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmospheres that are hotter than the surrounding air

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Atmospheric dynamics

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Local differences between radiative heating

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative heating

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Local differences

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Local differences between radiative heating

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative heating and cooling

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative heating

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Local differences between radiative heating and cooling

text: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, all traveling at the speed of light. This was the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

text: Maxwell's equations

text: predicted an infinite number of frequencies of

text: electromagnetic waves

text: , all traveling at the speed of light. This was the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic

text: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was the first indication of the existence of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: speed up the speed of light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: what is the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can travel at the speed of light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, all traveling at the speed of light.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Maxwell's equations predicted an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic waves,

text: Using GCIB a surface is bombarded by a beam of high energy nanoscale cluster ions. The clusters are formed when a high pressure gas (approximately 10 atmospheres pressure) expands into a vacuum (1e-5 atmospheres).  The gas expands adiabatically and cools then condenses into clusters.  The clusters are nano sized bits of crystalline matter with unique properties intermediate between the realms of atomic physics and those of solid state physics.  The expansion takes place inside of a nozzle that shapes the gas flow and facilitates the formation of a jet of clusters.  The jet of clusters passes through differential pumping apertures into a region of high vacuum (1e-8 atmospheres) where the clusters are ionized by collisions with energetic electrons.  The ionized clusters are accelerated electrostatically to very high velocities, and they are focused into a tight beam.

text: Using GCIB a surface is bombarded by a beam of high energy nanoscale

text: cluster

text: ion

text: s. The clusters are formed when a high pressure gas (approximately 10

text: atmospheres

text: pressure) expands into a

text: vacuum

text: (1e-5 atmospheres).  The gas expands

text: adiabatically

text: and cools then

text: condenses

text: into clusters.  The

text: cluster

text: s are nano sized bits of crystalline matter with unique properties intermediate between the realms of atomic physics and those of solid state physics.  The expansion takes place inside of a nozzle that shapes the gas flow and facilitates the formation of a jet of clusters.  The jet of clusters passes through differential pumping apertures into a region of high vacuum (1e-8 atmospheres) where the clusters are ionized by collisions with energetic

text: electron

text: s.  The ionized clusters are accelerated electrostatically to very high velocities, and they are focused into a tight beam.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do the clusters produce?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatically

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: How are the clusters accelerated to very high velocities?

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: infrared or cluster ions?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ionized cluster?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why do gamma rays not penetrate Earths atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crystalline matter?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cluster ions?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: What does GCIB mean?

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What do the clusters contain?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrostatically

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible to humans

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Electrons and cluster ions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The gas expands adiabatically and cools then condenses into clusters

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: How does the gas expand?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: colliding with electrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ionized clusters

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: condenses into clusters

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: How is the greenhouse effect caused?

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: GCIB

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: crystalline matter

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: adiabatically

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: GCIB

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: ionized by collisions with energetic electrons.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: GCIB

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 10 atmospheres pressure) expands into a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: cools then condenses into clusters.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: GCIB

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: GCIB

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrostatically

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: vacuum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Using GCIB

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionized by collisions with energetic electrons.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrons.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: cools then condenses into clusters.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nozzle

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electrons.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a beam of high energy nanoscale cluster ions.

text: This yields an apparent effective average earth temperature of . This is because the above equation represents the effective radiative temperature of the Earth (including the clouds and atmosphere). The use of effective emissivity and albedo account for the greenhouse effect.

text: This yields an apparent effective average earth temperature of . This is because the above equation represents the effective radiative temperature of the Earth (including the clouds and atmosphere). The use of effective emissivity and albedo account for the

text: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: referred to as

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: have a negative effect on Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the greenhouse effect affect Earth's temperature?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is not the same thing as

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to heat a room

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be reflected

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen as ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The greenhouse effect is caused by the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: clouds and atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: This yields an apparent effective average earth temperature

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: effective radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: effective radiative temperature of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: effective average earth temperature

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: effective emissivity and albedo

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: effective emissivity and albedo

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: effective radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: This yields an apparent effective average earth temperature

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: effective emissivity and albedo

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: effective emissivity and albedo

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: effective radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: effective radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: effective emissivity and albedo account for the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: emissivity and albedo

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: effective radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere).

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiative temperature

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiative temperature of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The use of effective emissivity and albedo

text: Convective available potential energy (CAPE), sometimes, simply, available potential energy (APE), is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere.  CAPE is effectively the positive buoyancy of an air parcel and is an indicator of atmospheric instability, which makes it valuable in predicting severe weather.  CIN, convective inhibition, is effectively negative buoyancy, expressed B-; the opposite of convective available potential energy (CAPE), which is expressed as B+ or simply B. As with CAPE, CIN is usually expressed in J/kg but may also be expressed as m/s, as the values are equivalent. In fact, CIN is sometimes referred to as negative buoyant energy (NBE).

text: Convective available potential energy (CAPE), sometimes, simply, available potential energy (APE), is the amount of

text: energy

text: a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere.  CAPE is effectively the positive

text: buoyancy

text: of an air parcel and is an indicator of atmospheric instability, which makes it valuable in predicting severe weather.  CIN,

text: convective inhibition

text: , is effectively negative buoyancy, expressed B-; the opposite of

text: convective available potential energy (CAPE)

text: , which is expressed as B+ or simply B. As with CAPE, CIN is usually expressed in J/kg but may also be expressed as m/s, as the values are equivalent. In fact, CIN is sometimes referred to as negative buoyant energy (NBE).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: negative buoyant energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the opposite of negative buoyant energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: positive buoyancy or negative buoyancy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: CIN be expressed in J/kg

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the opposite of negative buoyant energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the opposite of negative buoyant energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: CIN is sometimes referred to as negative buoyant energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: negative buoyant energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Convective available potential energy (CAPE)

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Convective available potential energy (CAPE)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: CIN is sometimes referred to as negative buoyant energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: lifting a certain distance

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: negative buoyant energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CIN

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: convective inhibition,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: convective inhibition,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: convective inhibition,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric instability,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Convective available potential energy (CAPE),

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: convective inhibition,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CIN,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Convective available potential energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: vertically through the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: atmospheric instability, which makes it valuable in predicting severe weather.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Convective available potential energy

text: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times greater than carbon dioxide (averaged over 100 years), and methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material is thus a considerable contributor to global warming. It may not be a net contributor in the sense that it works on organic material which used up atmospheric carbon dioxide when it was created, but its overall effect is to convert the carbon dioxide into methane which is a much more potent greenhouse gas.

text: Atmospheric methane

text: is an important

text: greenhouse gas

text: with a

text: global warming potential

text: 25 times greater than carbon dioxide (averaged over 100 years), and methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material is thus a considerable contributor to global warming. It may not be a net contributor in the sense that it works on organic material which used up atmospheric carbon dioxide when it was created, but its overall effect is to convert the carbon dioxide into methane which is a much more potent greenhouse gas.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: organic or inorganic?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: methanogenesis

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contribute to global warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of methane?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What does the greenhouse effect cause?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: It may not be a net contributor in the sense that it works on organic material

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a source of greenhouse gases: methane, carbon dioxide or sunlight?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material do?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is not visible

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: methanogenesis

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: methanogenesis

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: methanogenesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: organic material

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: methanogenesis

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: created,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: organic material

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Atmospheric methane is an important greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: net contributor

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: livestock

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric methane

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: global warming.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: methanogenesis in livestock and the decay of organic material

text: The mesosphere (middle atmosphere)  is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. The mesosphere is located about 50-80/85 km above Earth's surface. The stratosphere (middle atmosphere) is a layer of Earth's atmosphere that is stratified in temperature and is situated between about 10 km and 50 km altitude above the surface at moderate latitudes, while at the poles it starts at about 8 km altitude. The stratosphere sits directly above the troposphere and directly below the mesosphere. The troposphere (lower atmosphere) is the densest layer of the atmosphere.

text: The

text: mesosphere

text: (middle atmosphere)  is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. The mesosphere is located about 50-80/85 km above Earth's surface. The

text: stratosphere

text: (middle atmosphere) is a layer of Earth's atmosphere that is stratified in temperature and is situated between about 10 km and 50 km altitude above the surface at moderate latitudes, while at the poles it starts at about 8 km altitude. The stratosphere sits directly above the troposphere and directly below the mesosphere. The

text: troposphere

text: (lower atmosphere) is the densest layer of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which layer of the atmosphere is the densest?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the name of the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a layer of the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The troposphere sits directly above the mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The troposphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The troposphere sits directly above the mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a layer of the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which layer of the atmosphere is densest?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is densest?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere sits directly above the troposphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The stratosphere sits directly above the troposphere and directly below the mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a thermosphere?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a layer of the Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple, troposphere, or thermosphere?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood affect the mesosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermosphere

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The troposphere

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermosphere and stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The mesosphere is located about 50-80/85 km above Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The troposphere

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: stratified in temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: stratified in temperature

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: stratified in temperature

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: stratified in temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The mesosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: stratified in temperature

text: Earphone –Earpiece –Earth's magnetic field –EDIF –EEPROM –Effective antenna gain contour –Effective boresight area –Effective data transfer rate –Effective Earth radius –Effective height –Effective input noise temperature –Effective isotropically radiated power –Effective monopole radiated power –Effective radiated power –Effective transmission rate –Efficiency factor –E-layer –Electric charge –Electric current –Electric field –Electric motor –Electric power transmission –Electric power –Electrical conduction –Electrical conductivity –Electrical connector –Electrical current –Electrical efficiency –Element –Electrical engineering –Electrical generator –Impedance –Insulation –Electrical length –Load –Electrical network –Circuit –Electrical resistance –Electrical room –Electrical signal –Electricity distribution –Electricity –Electrochemical cell –Electrochemistry –Electrode –Electrodynamics –Electrolytic capacitor –Electromagnetic environment –Electromagnetic induction –Electromagnetic interference control –Electromagnetic pulse –Electromagnetic radiation and health –Electromagnetic radiation –Electromagnetic spectrum –Electromagnetic survivability –Electromagnetism –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron –Electronic amplifier –Electronic color code –Color code –Electronic data processing –Electronic deception –Electronic design automation –Electronic filter –Filter –Electronic imager –Electronic mixer –Electronic musical instrument –Electronic oscillator –Electronic power supply –Electronic switching system –Electronic tagging –Electronic test equipment –Electronic warfare support measures –Electronics –Electro-optic effect –Electro-optic modulator –Electro-optics –Electrostatic discharge –Electrostatics –Emergency Locator Transmitter –Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon –Emitter coupled logic –End distortion –Endurability –Enhanced service –Entropy encoding –Equilibrium length –Equivalent impedance transforms -Equivalent noise resistance –Equivalent pulse code modulation noise –Error burst –Error ratio –Error-correcting code –E-skip –Examples of electrical phenomena –Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) –Eye pattern

text: Earphone

text: Earpiece

text: Earth's magnetic field

text: EDIF

text: EEPROM

text: Effective antenna gain contour

text: Effective boresight area

text: Effective data transfer rate

text: Effective Earth radius

text: Effective height

text: Effective input noise temperature

text: Effective isotropically radiated power

text: Effective monopole radiated power

text: Effective radiated power

text: Effective transmission rate

text: Efficiency factor

text: E-layer

text: Electric charge

text: Electric current

text: Electric field

text: Electric motor

text: Electric power transmission

text: Electric power

text: Electrical conduction

text: Electrical conductivity

text: Electrical connector

text: Electrical current

text: Electrical efficiency

text: Element

text: Electrical engineering

text: Electrical generator

text: Impedance

text: Insulation

text: Electrical length

text: Load

text: Electrical network

text: Circuit

text: Electrical resistance

text: Electrical room

text: Electrical signal

text: Electricity distribution

text: Electricity

text: Electrochemical cell

text: Electrochemistry

text: Electrode

text: Electrodynamics

text: Electrolytic capacitor

text: Electromagnetic environment

text: Electromagnetic induction

text: Electromagnetic interference control

text: Electromagnetic pulse

text: Electromagnetic radiation and health

text: Electromagnetic radiation

text: Electromagnetic spectrum

text: Electromagnetic survivability

text: Electromagnetism

text: Electrometer

text: Electron hole

text: Electron

text: Electronic amplifier

text: Electronic color code

text: Color code

text: Electronic data processing

text: Electronic deception

text: Electronic design automation

text: Electronic filter

text: Filter

text: Electronic imager

text: Electronic mixer

text: Electronic musical instrument

text: Electronic oscillator

text: Electronic power supply

text: Electronic switching system

text: Electronic tagging

text: Electronic test equipment

text: Electronic warfare support measures

text: Electronics

text: Electro-optic effect

text: Electro-optic modulator

text: Electro-optics

text: Electrostatic discharge

text: Electrostatics

entity_name: Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station

text: Emergency Locator Transmitter

text: Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon

text: Emitter coupled logic

text: End distortion

text: Endurability

text: Enhanced service

text: Entropy encoding

text: Equilibrium length

text: Equivalent impedance transforms

text: Equivalent noise resistance

text: Equivalent pulse code modulation noise

text: Error burst

text: Error ratio

text: Error-correcting code

text: E-skip

text: Examples of electrical phenomena

text: Extremely Low Frequency

text: (ELF) –

text: Eye pattern

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Electrical conductivity

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Matter is made of molecules.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Electrons

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays do not penetrate Earths atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: In a convection current, warm air always sinks to the surface.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: efficiency factor

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: –Energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Electron

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Color code

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Wood is a nonrenewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: x-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy, chemical energy, and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Electromagnetic radiation and health

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: –Electrometer

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: –Electromagnetism

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: –Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: –Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: –Electricity distribution

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: –Electromagnetic pulse

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: –Electromagnetic environment –Electromagnetic induction

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: –Electrical conduction

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: –Electricity

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: –Electronic design automation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: –Electrode

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: –Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: –Electromagnetic environment –Electromagnetic induction

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: –Electronic amplifier –Electronic color code

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: –Electrometer –Electron hole –Electron

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: –Electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: –Electronic warfare

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: rical room

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: –Electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: –Electricity distribution

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: –Electrochemical cell

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: –Earth's magnetic field

text: The magnetosphere guides cosmic ray and solar energetic particles to polar latitudes, while high energy charged particles enter the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere. These energetic particles at the top of the atmosphere shatter atmospheric atoms and molecules, creating harmful lower energy particles that penetrate deep into the atmosphere and create measurable radiation. All aircraft flying above 8 km (26,200 feet) altitude are exposed to these particles. The dose exposure is greater in polar regions than at mid-latitude and equatorial regions. Many commercial aircraft fly over the polar region. When a space weather event causes radiation exposure to exceed the safe level set by aviation authorities, the aircraft's flight path is diverted.

text: The magnetosphere guides cosmic ray and

text: solar energetic particles

text: to polar latitudes, while high energy charged particles enter the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere. These energetic particles at the top of the atmosphere shatter atmospheric atoms and molecules, creating harmful lower energy particles that penetrate deep into the atmosphere and create measurable radiation. All aircraft flying above 8 km (26,200 feet) altitude are exposed to these particles. The dose exposure is greater in polar regions than at mid-latitude and equatorial regions. Many commercial aircraft fly over the polar region. When a space weather event causes radiation exposure to exceed the safe level set by aviation authorities, the aircraft's flight path is diverted.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: atoms or molecules?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: cosmic rays, stratosphere, or troposphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for Earth?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: polar latitudes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of particle?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a stratosphere?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a stratosphere: mesosphere, stratosphere or troposphere?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is greater in polar regions than at mid-latitude

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atoms and molecules

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: harmful lower energy particles that penetrate deep into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: cosmic rays

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Dose exposure in polar regions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: harmful lower energy particles that penetrate deep into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: molecules,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: stratosphere and troposphere.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles to polar latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: harmful lower energy particles that penetrate deep into the atmosphere and create measurable radiation.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: high energy charged particles

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: high energy charged particles

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The magnetosphere

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: high energy charged particles

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: atmospheric atoms and molecules,

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: the aircraft's flight path is diverted.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles to polar latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: charged particles

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The magnetosphere guides cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles to polar latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: measurable radiation.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: atmospheric atoms

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: cosmic ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: cosmic ray and solar energetic particles

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energetic particles at the top of the atmosphere shatter atmospheric atoms

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: polar latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: The dose exposure is greater in polar regions

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: high energy charged particles

text: In the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular or aggregate structure. Since a chemical transformation is accompanied by a change in one or more of these kinds of structures, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. Some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants.

text: In the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its

text: atomic

text: molecular

text: or aggregate

text: structure

text: . Since a chemical transformation is accompanied by a change in one or more of these kinds of structures, it is invariably accompanied by an

text: increase

text: or

text: decrease

text: of

text: energy

text: of the substances involved. Some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or

text: light

text: ; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: some energy is transferred between the surroundings

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not an attribute of a substance?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: uneven heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: what is the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is a consequence of a change in one of these kinds of structures?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy is transferred between the surroundings

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: how does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be transferred between the surroundings

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heat or light

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat or light

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat or light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: surroundings

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by an increase or decrease of energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Some energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: light;

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atomic, molecular or aggregate structure.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: increase or decrease of energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: more or less energy than the reactants.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: chemistry,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: heat or light;

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: increase or decrease of energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: surroundings and the reactants

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: a chemical transformation

text: where A and B are tabulated constants for various gases. In the diagram supplied, we plot the gain characteristics for nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5 valid in the range 75–450 V/(Pa·m) for the ratio E/p. We should note that in ESEM work the product pd<3 Pa·m, since at higher values no useful beam is transmitted through the gas layer to the specimen surface. The gray-shaded area shows the region of GDD operation provided also that the γ processes are very low and do not trigger a breakdown of the proportional amplification. This area contains the maxima of the gain curves, which further re-enforces the successful application of this technology to ESEM. The curves outside the shaded area can be used with beam energy greater than 30 kV, and in future development of environmental or atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

text: where A and B are tabulated constants for various gases. In the diagram supplied, we plot the

text: gain characteristics

text: for nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5 valid in the range 75–450 V/(Pa·m) for the ratio E/p. We should note that in ESEM work the product pd<3 Pa·m, since at higher values no useful beam is transmitted through the gas layer to the specimen surface. The gray-shaded area shows the region of GDD operation provided also that the γ processes are very low and do not trigger a breakdown of the proportional amplification. This area contains the maxima of the gain curves, which further re-enforces the successful application of this technology to ESEM. The curves outside the shaded area can be used with beam energy greater than 30 kV, and in future development of environmental or atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: processes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the least energy is visible light.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may be a source of

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no useful beam is transmitted

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are a type of

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This area contains the maxima of the gain curves

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: beam energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat travels from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Context: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-ray

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: at higher values no useful beam is transmitted through the gas layer to the specimen surface

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a vacuum?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of energy available for photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: GDD

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gas layer

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: gain characteristics for nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: GDD

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: environmental or atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 75–450 V/(Pa<unk>m)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 30 kV,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no useful beam is transmitted through the gas layer to the specimen surface.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gas layer

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: gas layer to the specimen surface.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ESEM work the product pd<unk>3 Pa<unk>m,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: proportional amplification.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric transmission scanning electron microscopes employing very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: gas layer

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: scanning electron microscopes

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gas layer to the specimen surface.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: scanning electron microscopes

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: beam energy greater than 30 kV,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: very high beam energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: gas layer

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gas layer

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ESEM work the product pd<unk>3 Pa<unk>m,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: nitrogen with A=9.0 and B=256.5

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gases.

text: The phenomenon of s-p mixing occurs when molecular orbitals of the same symmetry formed from the combination of 2s and 2p atomic orbitals are close enough in energy to further interact, which can lead to a change in the expected order of orbital energies.When molecular orbitals are formed, they are mathematically obtained from linear combinations of the starting atomic orbitals. Generally, in order to predict their relative energies, it is sufficient to consider only one atomic orbital from each atom to form a pair of molecular orbitals, as the contributions from the others are negligible. For instance, in dioxygen the 3σ MO can be roughly considered to be formed from interaction of oxygen 2p AOs only. It is found to be lower in energy than the 1π MO, both experimentally and from more sophisticated computational models, so that the expected order of filling is the 3σ before the 1π. Hence the approximation to ignore the effects of further interactions is valid. However, experimental and computational results for homonuclear diatomics from Li to N and certain heteronuclear combinations such as CO and NO show that the 3σ MO is higher in energy than (and therefore filled after) the 1π MO. This can be rationalised as the first-approximation 3σ has a suitable symmetry to interact with the 2σ bonding MO formed from the 2s AOs. As a result, the 2σ is lowered in energy, whilst the 3σ is raised. For the aforementioned molecules this results in the 3σ being higher in energy than the 1π MO, which is where s-p mixing is most evident. Likewise, interaction between the 2σ* and 3σ* MOs leads to a lowering in energy of the former and a raising in energy of the latter. However this is of less significance than the interaction of the bonding MOs.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: s-p

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: molecular orbitals of the same symmetry

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of molecules?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This can be rationalised

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: molecular orbitals

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: molecular orbitals

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: molecular orbitals

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the 3 MO is higher in energy than the 1 MO

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: orbital energies

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a change in the order of orbital energies

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: CO and NO

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 3<unk> being higher in energy than the 1<unk> MO,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 2<unk> bonding MO

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: after) the 1<unk> MO.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 3<unk> being higher in energy than the 1<unk> MO,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: after) the 1<unk> MO.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heteronuclear combinations

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: filled after) the 1<unk> MO.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: the 3<unk> MO is higher in energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 3<unk> MO

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heteronuclear combinations

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: CO and NO show that the 3<unk> MO

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heteronuclear combinations

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: lowered

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: heteronuclear combinations

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: s-p mixing

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: CO

text: Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another. In the game of billiards, the player imposes kinetic energy on the cue ball by striking it with the cue stick. If the cue ball collides with another ball, it slows down dramatically and the ball it collided with accelerates to a speed as the kinetic energy is passed on to it. Collisions in billiards are effectively elastic collisions, in which kinetic energy is preserved. In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is dissipated in various forms of energy, such as heat, sound, binding energy (breaking bound structures).

text: Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another. In the game of

text: billiards

text: , the player imposes kinetic energy on the cue ball by striking it with the cue stick. If the cue ball collides with another ball, it slows down dramatically and the ball it collided with accelerates to a speed as the kinetic energy is passed on to it.

text: Collisions

text: in billiards are effectively

text: elastic collision

text: s, in which kinetic energy is preserved. In

text: inelastic collision

text: s, kinetic energy is dissipated in various forms of energy, such as heat, sound, binding energy (breaking bound structures).

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: inelastic

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: heat, sound or binding energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Which of the following is not a source of kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: sound waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic energy: heat, sound, binding energy or visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a person

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a source of kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of kinetic energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of collision?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: heat, sound, or binding energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not an example of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Sound

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a form of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat, sound, binding energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: billiards

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: inelastic collisions

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: inelastic collisions

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: inelastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: heat, sound,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: inelastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: inelastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: inelastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: heat, sound, binding energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat, sound, binding energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: sound,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: heat,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat, sound, binding energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy is preserved.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: elastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: heat, sound, binding energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy is preserved. In inelastic collisions,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy is dissipated

text: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system, the mass associated with the energy is also removed, and the system therefore loses mass. This mass defect in the system may be simply calculated as , and this was the form of the equation historically first presented by Einstein in 1905. However, use of this formula in such circumstances has led to the false idea that mass has been "converted" to energy. This may be particularly the case when the energy (and mass) removed from the system is associated with the binding energy of the system. In such cases, the binding energy is observed as a "mass defect" or deficit in the new system.

text: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system, the mass associated with the energy is also removed, and the system therefore loses mass. This mass defect in the system may be simply calculated as , and this was the form of the equation historically first presented by Einstein in 1905. However, use of this formula in such circumstances has led to the false idea that mass has been "converted" to energy. This may be particularly the case when the energy (and mass) removed from the system is associated with the binding energy of the system. In such cases, the binding energy is observed as a "mass defect" or deficit in the new system.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mass defect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: mass defect

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause a system to lose mass

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be converted to

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do for the environment?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: is called ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: mass defect

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "converted" to energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a system

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: mass defect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy is removed

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: mass defect in the system

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Einstein in 1905.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Einstein in 1905.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mass.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Einstein in 1905.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Whenever

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: mass has been "converted" to energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: binding energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Whenever

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: mass has been "converted" to energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Whenever

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: mass has been "converted" to energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: mass.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: mass.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Whenever any type of energy is removed from a system,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy is removed from a system,

text: The study of the functioning of Continental surfaces requires the understanding of the various energetic and physiologic mechanisms that influence these surfaces. For example, the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis. Moreover, energy and mass fluxes at the "Earth - Atmosphere" interface affect surface functioning, and consequently climatology.

text: The study of the functioning of Continental surfaces requires the understanding of the various energetic and physiologic mechanisms that influence these surfaces. For example, the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis. Moreover, energy and mass fluxes at the "Earth - Atmosphere" interface affect surface functioning, and consequently climatology.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: mass fluxes

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: visible

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is visible spectral domain?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy source for vegetation photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy and mass fluxes

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The study of the functioning of Continental surfaces

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: mass fluxes

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: mass flux

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the major energy source for vegetation photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Earth - Atmosphere interface affect surface functioning

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth - Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climatology

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The study of the functioning of Continental surfaces

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: climatology.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vegetation photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: vegetation photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: "Earth - Atmosphere"

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: "Earth - Atmosphere"

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "Earth - Atmosphere"

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: functioning of Continental surfaces

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: climatology.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: "Earth - Atmosphere"

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: climatology.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiation absorbed in the visible spectral domain

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy and mass fluxes

text: At the start of the 19th century the idea that plants could synthesise almost all their tissues from atmospheric gases had not yet emerged. The energy component of photosynthesis, the capture and storage of the Sun's radiant energy in carbon bonds (a process on which all life depends) was first elucidated in 1847 by Mayer, but the details of how this was done would take many more years. Chlorophyll was named in 1818 and its chemistry gradually determined, to be finally resolved in the early 20th century. The mechanism of photosynthesis remained a mystery until the mid-19th century when Sachs, in 1862, noted that starch was formed in green cells only in the presence of light and in 1882 he confirmed carbohydrates as the starting point for all other organic compounds in plants. The connection between the pigment chlorophyll and starch production was finally made in 1864 but tracing the precise biochemical pathway of starch formation did not begin until about 1915.

text: At the start of the 19th century the idea that plants could synthesise almost all their tissues from atmospheric gases had not yet emerged. The energy component of photosynthesis, the capture and storage of the Sun's radiant energy in carbon bonds (a process on which all life depends) was first elucidated in 1847 by

text: Mayer

text: , but the details of how this was done would take many more years. Chlorophyll was named in 1818 and its chemistry gradually determined, to be finally resolved in the early 20th century. The mechanism of photosynthesis remained a mystery until the mid-19th century when Sachs, in 1862, noted that starch was formed in green cells only in the presence of light and in 1882 he confirmed carbohydrates as the starting point for all other organic compounds in plants. The connection between the pigment chlorophyll and starch production was finally made in 1864 but tracing the precise biochemical pathway of starch formation did not begin until about 1915.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: gases, chlorophyll or starch?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: sunlight, chlorophyll, or starch?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: energy component of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, Mayer elucidated the energy component of photosynthesis or Sachs noted that starch was formed in green cells only in the presence of light?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, Mayer was first elucidated in 1847 or Sachs, in 1862?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which happened first, the idea that plants could synthesise almost all their tissues from atmospheric gases or the connection between the pigment chlorophyll and starch production was finally made?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: all life depends on

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The energy component of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the energy component of photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How many years after Mayer elucidated the energy component of photosynthesis did Sachs, in 1862, note that starch was formed in green cells only in the presence of light?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Carbon bonds

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: starch was formed in green cells only in the presence of light

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 1915.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: carbon bonds

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: photosynthesis, the capture and storage of the Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: photosynthesis, the capture and storage of the Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 1915.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1847

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 1915.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Sun's

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon bonds

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: plants could synthesise almost all their tissues from atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Sun's radiant energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: atmospheric gases

text: A thermal plasma can deliver the energy to vaporize small micrometer-size particles. The thermal plasma temperatures are in the order of 10,000 K, so that solid powder easily evaporates. Nanoparticles are formed upon cooling while exiting the plasma region. The main types of the thermal plasma torches used to produce nanoparticles are dc plasma jet, dc arc plasma, and radio frequency (RF) induction plasmas. In the arc plasma reactors, the energy necessary for evaporation and reaction is provided by an electric arc formed between the anode and the cathode. For example, silica sand can be vaporized with an arc plasma at atmospheric pressure, or thin aluminum wires can be vaporized by exploding wire method. The resulting mixture of plasma gas and silica vapour can be rapidly cooled by quenching with oxygen, thus ensuring the quality of the fumed silica produced.

text: A

text: thermal plasma

text: can deliver the energy to vaporize small micrometer-size particles. The thermal plasma temperatures are in the order of 10,000 K, so that solid powder easily evaporates. Nanoparticles are formed upon cooling while exiting the plasma region. The main types of the thermal plasma torches used to produce nanoparticles are dc plasma jet, dc arc plasma, and radio frequency (RF) induction plasmas. In the arc plasma reactors, the energy necessary for evaporation and reaction is provided by an electric arc formed between the anode and the cathode. For example, silica sand can be vaporized with an arc plasma at atmospheric pressure, or thin aluminum wires can be vaporized by

text: exploding wire method

text: . The resulting mixture of plasma gas and silica vapour can be rapidly cooled by quenching with oxygen, thus ensuring the quality of the fumed silica produced.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma: dc plasma jet, arc plasma, or radio frequency (RF) induction plasmas?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: arc plasma

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio frequency (RF)

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vaporize sand

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plasma?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy to vaporize small micrometer-size particles

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can deliver the energy to vaporize small micrometer-size particles

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: an electric arc

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the main type of the thermal plasma torches used to produce nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of thermal plasma torches?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal plasma torches

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solid powder easily evaporates

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: arc plasma

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: evaporates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal plasma torches

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: electric arc formed between the anode and the cathode.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 10,000 K,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: atmospheric pressure,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 10,000 K,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electric arc

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 10,000 K,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 10,000 K,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: vaporize small micrometer-size particles.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small micrometer-size particles.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electric arc formed between the anode and the cathode.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: arc plasma at atmospheric pressure,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radio frequency

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electric arc formed between the anode and the cathode.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: solid powder easily evaporates.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Nanoparticles

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: thermal plasma

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: thermal plasma

text: On the other hand, for systems which are unbound, the "closure" of the system may be enforced by an idealized surface, inasmuch as no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume over time, if conservation of system invariant mass is to hold during that time. If a force is allowed to act on (do work on) only one part of such an unbound system, this is equivalent to allowing energy into or out of the system, and the condition of "closure" to mass-energy (total isolation) is violated. In this case, conservation of invariant mass of the system also will no longer hold. Such a loss of rest mass in systems when energy is removed, according to E=mc where E is the energy removed, and m is the change in rest mass, reflect changes of mass associated with movement of energy, not "conversion" of mass to energy.

text: On the other hand, for systems which are unbound, the "closure" of the system may be enforced by an idealized surface, inasmuch as no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume over time, if conservation of system invariant mass is to hold during that time. If a force is allowed to act on (do work on) only one part of such an unbound system, this is equivalent to allowing energy into or out of the system, and the condition of "closure" to mass-energy (total isolation) is violated. In this case, conservation of invariant mass of the system also will no longer hold. Such a loss of rest mass in systems when energy is removed, according to E=mc where E is the energy removed, and m is the change in rest mass, reflect changes of mass associated with movement of energy, not "conversion" of mass to energy.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: total isolation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic waves?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: movement of energy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: unbound

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: cause mass-energy to be allowed into or out

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unbound system

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unbound system

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unbound

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: force is allowed to act on

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Such a loss of rest mass in systems when energy is removed, according to E=mc

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unbound

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does E=mc mean?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a force is allowed to act on (do work on) only one part of such an unbound system

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: unbound systems

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: allowing energy into or out of the system

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "conversion" of mass to energy.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "closure" of the system may be enforced by an idealized surface,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: idealized surface,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: If a force

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: force

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: movement of energy,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: no mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: changes of mass associated with movement of energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: movement of energy,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: no mass-energy can be allowed into or out of the test-volume

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "conversion" of mass to energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: systems which are unbound,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: force

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: loss of rest mass

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: mass-energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: mass-energy

text: The electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the low frequencies used for modern radio communication to gamma radiation at the short-wavelength (high-frequency) end, thereby covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atom.  Visible light lies toward the shorter end, with wavelengths from 400 to 700 nanometres.  The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length. Until the middle of the 20th century it was believed by most physicists that this spectrum was infinite and continuous.

text: The electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the low frequencies used for modern

text: radio

text: communication to

text: gamma radiation

text: at the short-

text: wavelength

text: (high-frequency) end, thereby covering wavelengths from thousands of

text: kilometer

text: s down to a

text: fraction

text: of the size of an

text: atom

text: Visible light

text: lies toward the shorter end, with wavelengths from 400 to 700

text: nanometre

text: s.  The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the

text: universe

text: itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the

text: Planck length

text: . Until the middle of the 20th century it was believed by most physicists that this spectrum was

text: infinite

text: and

text: continuous

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the limit for long wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: How long is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be visible light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the limit for long wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the limit for long wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: modern radio communication

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: nanometres

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the limit for long wavelengths?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the size of the universe itself

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 700 nanometres

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: gamma radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: gamma radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: atom.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the low frequencies used for modern radio communication

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: gamma radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 400 to 700 nanometres.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Visible light

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: gamma radiation at the short-wavelength

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Until the middle of the 20th century

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Until the middle of the 20th century

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: infinite and continuous.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the low frequencies used for modern radio communication

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atom.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 400 to 700 nanometres.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: the size of the universe itself,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: gamma radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Visible light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: infinite and continuous.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: gamma radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Visible light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

text: The waveguide E band is the range of radio frequencies from 60 GHz to 90 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum, corresponding to the recommended frequency band of operation of WR12 waveguides. These frequencies are equivalent to wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm. The E band is in the EHF range of the radio spectrum.

text: The

text: waveguide

text: E band is the range of

text: radio frequencies

text: from 60 GHz to 90 GHz in the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , corresponding to the recommended frequency band of operation of

text: waveguides. These frequencies are equivalent to

text: wave length

text: s between 5 mm and 3.333 mm. The E band is in the

text: EHF

text: range of the

text: radio spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the waveguide E band part of?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be absorbed by the waveguide

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is the range of radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 3.333 mm

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 5 mm

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: EHF

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 60 GHz to 90 GHz

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 60 GHz to 90 GHz

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The waveguide E band is the range of radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: frequency band of operation

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The waveguide E band is the range of radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The waveguide E band

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radio frequencies from 60 GHz to 90 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wave lengths

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: wave lengths between 5 mm and 3.333 mm.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The waveguide E band is the range of radio frequencies

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: radio frequencies

text: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy. This energy must be discarded if the vehicle is to land safely without vaporizing in the atmosphere. Typically this process requires special methods to protect against aerodynamic heating. The theory behind reentry was developed by Harry Julian Allen. Based on this theory, reentry vehicles present blunt shapes to the atmosphere for reentry. Blunt shapes mean that less than 1% of the kinetic energy ends up as heat that reaches the vehicle and the heat energy instead ends up in the atmosphere.

text: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy. This energy must be discarded if the vehicle is to land safely without vaporizing in the atmosphere. Typically this process requires special methods to protect against

text: aerodynamic heating

text: . The theory behind reentry was developed by

text: Harry Julian Allen

text: . Based on this theory, reentry vehicles present blunt shapes to the atmosphere for reentry. Blunt shapes mean that less than 1% of the kinetic energy ends up as heat that reaches the vehicle and the heat energy instead ends up in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: aerodynamic heating

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Blunt shapes

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: vaporize the vehicle

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of heat?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a form of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a type of vehicle?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: vaporizing in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and heat energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: vaporizing in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Blunt shapes

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: reaches the vehicle

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: aerodynamic heating

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: aerodynamic heating.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: aerodynamic

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: aerodynamic heating.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat energy instead ends up in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat energy instead ends up in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Blunt shapes mean that less than 1% of the kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Vehicles in orbit have large amounts of kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: vaporizing in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: kinetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Blunt shapes

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: kinetic energy.

text: Many tropical cyclones develop when the atmospheric conditions around a weak disturbance in the atmosphere are favorable. Others form when other types of cyclones acquire tropical characteristics. Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the troposphere; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an eye. On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates.    A tropical cyclone can become extratropical as it moves toward higher latitudes if its energy source changes from heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;  From an operational standpoint, a tropical cyclone is usually not considered to become a subtropical cyclone during its extratropical transition.

text: Many tropical cyclones

text: develop

text: when the atmospheric conditions around a weak disturbance in the atmosphere are favorable. Others form when

text: other types of cyclones

text: acquire tropical characteristics. Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the

text: troposphere

text: ; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an

text: eye

text: . On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates.    A tropical cyclone can become extratropical as it moves toward higher latitudes if its energy source changes from heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;  From an operational standpoint, a tropical cyclone is usually not considered to become a

text: subtropical cyclone

text: during its extratropical transition.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy: heat released by condensation or differences in temperature between air masses?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of system: tropical cyclones, steering winds, or an eye?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: steering winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are long and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a source of energy for a tropical cyclone?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cyclone?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: a tropical cyclone is usually not considered to become a subtropical cyclone during its extratropical transition.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is the energy source of a tropical cyclone?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cyclone: tropical or subtropical?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cyclone?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: subtropical cyclone during its extratropical transition.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a tropical cyclone becoming extratropical

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: air masses

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: differences in temperature between air masses

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: eye.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: extratropical

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: eye.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Many tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the troposphere;

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Many tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: eye.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: eye.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat released by condensation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: eye.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: subtropical cyclone

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: extratropical

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses;

text: Indeed, a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building has the potential to sequester (in its carbon-rich construction materials), as much as or more carbon than was released by the acquisition and incorporation of all its materials and than will be released by building-function "energy-imports" during the structure's (potentially multi-century) existence.  Such a structure might be termed "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative". Building construction and operation (electricity usage, heating, etc.) are estimated to contribute nearly half of the annual human-caused carbon additions to the atmosphere.

text: Indeed, a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building has the potential to sequester (in its carbon-rich construction materials), as much as or more carbon than was released by the acquisition and incorporation of all its materials and than will be released by building-function "energy-imports" during the structure's (potentially multi-century) existence.  Such a structure might be termed "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative". Building construction and operation (electricity usage, heating, etc.) are estimated to contribute nearly half of the annual human-caused carbon additions to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electricity usage

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the term for the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: carbon negative

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Carbon negative

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy-capturing building?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy-imports

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy-imports

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity usage, heating

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy-import?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cannot be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: carbon-rich construction materials

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "energy-imports" during the structure's (potentially multi-century) existence

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: building

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: carbon negative

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: human-caused

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (electricity

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: materials

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy-efficient and energy-capturing building

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative".

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative".

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: building-function "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative".

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: (electricity usage, heating, etc.)

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon-rich construction materials), as much as or more carbon

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: (electricity

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: building-function "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: building-function "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: a very carefully designed and durable, energy-efficient and energy-capturing building

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: (electricity

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: building-function "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: "energy-imports"

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: "carbon neutral" or even "carbon negative".

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: human-caused carbon additions to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: human-caused carbon additions to the atmosphere.

text: Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects, sunburn being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.

text: Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of

text: ultraviolet light

text: constitute the ionizing part of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light,

text: infrared light

text: microwaves

text: , and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects,

text: sunburn

text: being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which part of the spectrum is non-ionizing?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: smog

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat cells

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a non-ionizing radiation?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: the lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is ionizing?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What kind of radiation does the lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum include

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a non-ionizing radiation?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: non-ionizing

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Gamma rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: non-ionizing;

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: ionizing part

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: sunburn

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The lower-energy,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: sunburn

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heating.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: non-ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: non-ionizing;

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heating.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy to ionize atoms.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: ionize atoms.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: ionize atoms.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: non-ionizing;

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: non-ionizing,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light, infrared light,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: ionize atoms.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: sunburn

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: non-ionizing;

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: ultraviolet light

text: An object's or space's temperature increases when heat energy moves into it, increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms, e.g., of things and air in a room.  Heat energy leaving an object or space lowers its temperature.  Heat flows from one place to another (always from a higher temperature to a lower one) by one or more of three processes: conduction, convection and radiation. In conduction, energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact. In convection, heat energy moves by conduction into some movable fluid (such as air or water) and the fluid moves from one place to another, carrying the heat with it.  At some point the heat energy in the fluid is usually transferred to some other object by means conduction again.  The movement of the fluid can be driven by negative-buoyancy, as when cooler (and therefore denser) air drops and thus upwardly displaces warmer (less-dense) air (natural convection), or by fans or pumps (forced convection).  In radiation, the heated atoms make electromagnetic emissions absorbed by remote other atoms, whether nearby or at astronomical distance. For example, the Sun radiates heat as both invisible and visible electromagnetic energy. What we know as "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

text: An object's or space's temperature increases when heat energy moves into it, increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms, e.g., of things and air in a room.  Heat energy leaving an object or space lowers its temperature.  Heat flows from one place to another (always from a higher temperature to a lower one) by one or more of three processes:

text: conduction

text: convection

text: and

text: radiation

text: . In conduction, energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact. In convection, heat energy moves by conduction into some movable fluid (such as air or water) and the fluid moves from one place to another, carrying the heat with it.  At some point the heat energy in the fluid is usually transferred to some other object by means conduction again.  The movement of the fluid can be driven by negative-buoyancy, as when cooler (and therefore denser) air drops and thus upwardly displaces warmer (less-dense) air (

text: natural convection

text: ), or by fans or pumps (

text: forced convection

text: ).  In radiation, the heated atoms make electromagnetic emissions absorbed by remote other atoms, whether nearby or at astronomical distance. For example, the Sun radiates heat as both invisible and visible electromagnetic energy. What we know as "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the campers sitting around it

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: conduction, convection or radiation?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is a narrow region of what?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: forced convection

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: what is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Which of the following is not a form of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a process: conduction, convection or radiation?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: cannot be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: invisible

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: radiation and conduction

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the Sun radiates heat as both invisible and visible electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air or water

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: when heat energy moves into an object or space

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: conduction, energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: "light"

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the Sun radiates heat as both invisible and visible electromagnetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: (natural convection),

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: invisible and visible electromagnetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: astronomical distance.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: kinetic energy of its atoms,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: (natural convection),

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy is passed from one atom to another by direct contact.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: conduction,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: radiation.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "light"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: radiation,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: conduction,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "light" is but a narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: conduction, convection and radiation.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: kinetic energy of its atoms,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air or water)

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: conduction, convection and radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: invisible and visible electromagnetic energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: kinetic energy of its atoms,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat energy moves into it,

text: In the Earth's atmosphere, water vapor absorbs many wavelengths of IR energy, while others are not absorbed. Those sections of the Electromagnetic spectrum that it does not absorb, are like windows in the atmosphere, allowing electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system. Like a window, that allows light to enter and leave.  Originally discovered by John Tyndall, most of the infrared coming from the Universe is blocked, absorbed by water vapor (and other greenhouse gases)in the Earth's atmosphere. Those wavelength ranges that can partially reach the surface, are coming through what is called 'water vapor windows'.   These windows are how Astronomers can view the Universe with IR telescopes, called Infrared astronomy. These windows also allow orbiting satellites to measure the IR energy leaving the planet, the SSTs and other important matters.  See Electromagnetic_absorption_by_water

text: In the Earth's atmosphere,

text: water vapor

text: absorbs many wavelengths of IR energy, while others are not absorbed. Those sections of the

text: Electromagnetic spectrum

text: that it does not absorb, are like windows in the atmosphere, allowing electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system. Like a window, that allows light to enter and leave.  Originally discovered by

text: John Tyndall

text: , most of the

text: infrared

text: coming from the Universe is blocked, absorbed by water vapor (and other

text: greenhouse gases

text: )in the Earth's atmosphere. Those wavelength ranges that can partially reach the surface, are coming through what is called 'water vapor windows'.   These windows are how Astronomers can view the Universe with IR telescopes, called

text: Infrared astronomy

text: . These windows also allow orbiting satellites to measure the IR energy leaving the planet, the SSTs and other important matters.  See

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: how does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What does water vapor absorb?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does water vapor absorb?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: SSTs

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Infrared

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: What type of light has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: water vapor windows

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why are gamma rays not absorbed?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Why does the greenhouse effect cause more solar energy to reach Earths surface?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: water vapor windows also allow orbiting satellites

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What kind of energy does burning wood release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light and IR

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: SSTs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: IR energy, while others are not absorbed.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: IR energy,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Those sections of the Electromagnetic spectrum that it does not absorb,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: most of the infrared coming from the Universe

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: SSTs

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: 'water vapor windows'.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed by water vapor

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: IR energy, while others are not absorbed.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: IR energy,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: IR energy, while others are not absorbed.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 'water vapor windows'.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: greenhouse gases)in

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: orbiting satellites to measure the IR energy leaving the planet,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 'water vapor windows'.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: IR energy,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR telescopes,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR telescopes, called Infrared astronomy.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: In the Earth's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic energy to flow freely in and out of the system.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: SSTs

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases)in

text: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Solar energy strikes the surface of objects. Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat (thermal energy). After sunset, this thermal energy remains and is emitted in the form of IR radiation.

text: The Sun emits energy across the entire

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Solar energy strikes the surface of objects. Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat (

text: thermal energy

text: ). After sunset, this thermal energy remains and is emitted in the form of IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the sun emit energy across?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, thermal energy, or thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: emitted in the form of IR radiation?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a source of thermal energy?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a property of the sun

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored as heat

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: thermal energy and solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The sun does not emit energy.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: IR radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: IR radiation

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun emits

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: IR radiation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (thermal energy).

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: IR

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: objects.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Solar energy

text: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms. Some living organisms like plants need sunlight directly while other organisms like humans can acquire energy from the sun indirectly. There is however evidence that some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica as evidence by the blue-green algae beneath thick layers of ice in the lakes. No matter what the type of living species, all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy to live.

text: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms. Some living organisms like plants need sunlight directly while other organisms like humans can acquire energy from the sun indirectly. There is however evidence that some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica as evidence by the blue-green algae beneath thick layers of ice in the lakes. No matter what the type of living species, all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy to live.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: transduction

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Some organisms need sunlight directly while other organisms like humans can acquire energy from the sun indirectly

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of living organism?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a living organism: plants, animals, or humans?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy to live

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be stored

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transduce

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transduce

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: blue-green algae

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: transduce

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: sunlight and bacteria

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: plants needing sunlight directly

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: transduce,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: transduce, store, and use energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: blue-green

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: transduce,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: The sun is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

text: The Anvil is the second studio album by the British rock/pop band Visage, released in March 1982 by Polydor Records. The album reached No. 6 in the UK and was certified "Silver" by the British Phonographic Industry in April 1982.  The Anvil was a legendary Gay after hours club where famous Danceteria DJ Bill Bahlman created the extremely popular "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"  One night Bahlman invited Visage lead singer Steve Strange.  So impressed with the power and fun of the energy charged, steamy atmosphere, he named his second album "The Anvil"  Several of the tracks are his attempt to capture that energy on vinyl.

text: The Anvil is the second studio album by the British rock/pop band

text: Visage

text: , released in March 1982 by

text: Polydor Records

text: . The album reached No. 6 in the UK and was certified "Silver" by the British Phonographic Industry in April 1982.  The Anvil was a legendary Gay after hours club where famous Danceteria DJ Bill Bahlman created the extremely popular "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"  One night Bahlman invited Visage lead singer Steve Strange.  So impressed with the power and fun of the energy charged, steamy atmosphere, he named his second album "The Anvil"  Several of the tracks are his attempt to capture that energy on vinyl.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: energy charged

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the energy charged, steamy atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Anvil

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: New Wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a person's body

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: How many years after The Anvil was released did it reach No. 6 in the UK?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Why did Bill Bahlman name his second album The Anvil?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which happened first, The Anvil was a legendary Gay after hours club or Steve Strange invited Visage lead singer Steve Strange.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How would you describe Steve Strange?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: It is impossible to create or destroy energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Several of the tracks are his attempt to capture that energy on vinyl

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Anvil

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: charged

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: steamy atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: Deep purple or Silver?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: chemical or physical?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy charged

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Silver

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Steamy atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Anvil was a legendary Gay after hours club

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Anvil

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: charged atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Anvil

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the burning of fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: steamy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: vinyl.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: steamy

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "New Wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 1982.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: attempt to capture that energy on vinyl.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1982.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: vinyl.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: "Silver"

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Anvil

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: "New Wave Nights at the Anvil"

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: steamy atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: energy charged, steamy atmosphere,

text: Together, wave and particle effects fully explain the emission and absorption spectra of EM radiation. The matter-composition of the medium through which the light travels determines the nature of the absorption and emission spectrum. These bands correspond to the allowed energy levels in the atoms. Dark bands in the absorption spectrum are due to the atoms in an intervening medium between source and observer. The atoms absorb certain frequencies of the light between emitter and detector/eye, then emit them in all directions. A dark band appears to the detector, due to the radiation scattered out of the beam. For instance, dark bands in the light emitted by a distant star are due to the atoms in the star's atmosphere. A similar phenomenon occurs for emission, which is seen when an emitting gas glows due to excitation of the atoms from any mechanism, including heat. As electrons descend to lower energy levels, a spectrum is emitted that represents the jumps between the energy levels of the electrons, but lines are seen because again emission happens only at particular energies after excitation. An example is the emission spectrum of nebulae. Rapidly moving electrons are most sharply accelerated when they encounter a region of force, so they are responsible for producing much of the highest frequency electromagnetic radiation observed in nature.

text: Together, wave and particle effects fully explain the emission and absorption spectra of EM radiation. The matter-composition of the medium through which the light travels determines the nature of the absorption and emission spectrum. These bands correspond to the allowed energy levels in the atoms. Dark bands in the

text: absorption spectrum

text: are due to the atoms in an intervening medium between source and observer. The atoms absorb certain frequencies of the light between emitter and detector/eye, then emit them in all directions. A dark band appears to the detector, due to the radiation scattered out of the beam. For instance, dark bands in the light emitted by a distant

text: star

text: are due to the atoms in the star's atmosphere. A similar phenomenon occurs for

text: emission

text: , which is seen when an emitting gas glows due to excitation of the atoms from any mechanism, including heat. As electrons descend to lower energy levels, a spectrum is emitted that represents the jumps between the energy levels of the electrons, but lines are seen because again emission happens only at particular energies after excitation. An example is the

text: emission

text: spectrum of

text: nebula

text: e. Rapidly moving electrons are most sharply accelerated when they encounter a region of force, so they are responsible for producing much of the highest frequency electromagnetic radiation observed in nature.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: emission

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the matter-composition of the medium through which the light travels?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the spectrum of nebulae?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fast moving electrons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Rapidly moving electrons are most sharply accelerated

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Dark bands in the light emitted by a distant star are due to what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not caused by the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy levels in the atoms

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: rapidly moving electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of emission?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: dark bands in the absorption spectrum are due to the atoms

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: a distant star

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atoms in an intervening medium between source and observer

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dark bands in the light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emission

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the emission of gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: emission,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The matter-composition

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: These bands correspond to the allowed energy levels in the atoms.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Dark bands

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Rapidly moving electrons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: EM radiation.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Rapidly moving electrons

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: dark bands in the light emitted by a distant star

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy levels in the atoms.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: EM radiation.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: EM radiation.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: atoms.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons descend to lower energy levels,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: excitation of the atoms

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: EM radiation.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Dark bands in the absorption spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: EM radiation.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: excitation of the atoms

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: emitter and detector/eye,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: heat. As electrons descend to lower energy levels,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: nebulae.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: wave and particle effects

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Dark bands

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: excitation of the atoms

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: heat.

text: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules (EJ) of energy to the Earth. Various technologies are being developed to exploit this huge energy source.

text: The

text: Sun

text: delivers almost 4 million

text: exajoules

text: (EJ) of energy to the Earth. Various technologies are being developed to exploit this huge energy source.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: EJ

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: (EJ)

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Which of the following is true of the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a technology being developed to exploit this huge energy source?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is being developed

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy source?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: exajoules

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: the Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun does not deliver energy to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: EJ of energy

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Various technologies

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: The Sun delivers almost 4 million exajoules

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Various technologies are being developed to exploit this huge energy source.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: The Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Various technologies are being developed to exploit this huge energy source.

text:
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 36| March 1| @ Orlando| | Kevin Durant (38)| Kendrick Perkins (11)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Amway Center
18,846| 29–7|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 37| March 3| @ Atlanta| | Kevin Durant (35)| Kevin Durant (8)| Russell Westbrook (4)| Philips Arena
18,087| 29–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 38| March 5| Dallas| | Russell Westbrook (24)| Kendrick Perkins (14)| James Harden (4)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 30–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 39| March 7| Phoenix| | Russell Westbrook (31)| Serge Ibaka (20)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 31–8|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 40| March 9| Cleveland| | Kevin Durant (23)| Kevin Durant (8)| Kevin Durant (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 31–9|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 41| March 10| Charlotte| | James Harden (33)| Kevin Durant (7)| Reggie Jackson (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 32–9|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 42| March 13| Houston| | Kevin Durant (28)| Kevin Durant (12)| James Harden (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 32–10|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 43| March 15| @ Denver| | Kevin Durant (24)| Kevin Durant (8)| Russell Westbrook (5)| Pepsi Center
18,458| 33–10|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 44| March 16| San Antonio| | Russell Westbrook (36)| Serge Ibaka (12)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 33–11|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 45| March 18| Portland| | Russell Westbrook (28)| Serge Ibaka (8)| James Harden (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 34–11|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 46| March 20| @ Utah| | Russell Westbrook (23)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Russell Westbrook (3)| EnergySolutions Arena
18,138| 34–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 47| March 21| L.A. Clippers| | Kevin Durant (32)| Kevin Durant (9)| Kevin Durant
James Harden (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 35–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 48| March 23| Minnesota| | Russell Westbrook (45)| Kevin Durant (17)| James Harden
Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 36–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 49| March 25| Miami| | Kevin Durant (28)| Serge Ibaka (10)| Kevin Durant (8)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 37–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 50| March 27| @ Portland| | Russell Westbrook (32)| Serge Ibaka (12)| Russell Westbrook (8)| Rose Garden
20,626| 38–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 51| March 29| @ L.A. Lakers| | Russell Westbrook (36)| Kevin Durant (11)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Staples Center
18,997| 39–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 52| April 1| Chicago| | Russell Westbrook (27)| Kevin Durant (10)| Russell Westbrook  (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 40–12|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 53| April 2| Memphis| | Kevin Durant (21)| Kendrick Perkins (11)| James Harden (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 40–13|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 54| April 4| @ Miami| | Kevin Durant (30)| Serge Ibaka
Kendrick Perkins
Nick Collison (7)| James Harden (5)| American Airlines Arena
20,104| 40–14|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 55| April 6| @ Indiana| | Kevin Durant (44)| Russell Westbrook  (11)| Russell Westbrook  (9)| Bankers Life Fieldhouse
18,165| 40–15|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 56| April 8| Toronto| | Kevin Durant (23)| Nick Collison (9)| Russell Westbrook  (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 41–15|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 57| April 9| @ Milwaukee| | Russell Westbrook  (26)| Kendrick Perkins
Russell Westbrook
Nick Collison (7)| Kevin Durant (8)| Bradley Center
14,111| 42–15|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 58| April 11| L.A. Clippers| | Kevin Durant (22)| Kevin Durant (9)| Russell Westbrook  (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 42–16|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 59| April 13| Sacramento| | Kevin Durant (29)| Kendrick Perkins (11)| Russell Westbrook  (5)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 43–16|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 60| April 14| @ Minnesota| | Kevin Durant (43)| Serge Ibaka (12)| Russell Westbrook  (8)| Target Center
19,552| 44–16|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 61| April 16| @ L.A. Clippers| | Kevin Durant (24)| Kendrick Perkins (9)| James Harden
Russell Westbrook (3)| Staples Center
19,516| 44–17|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 62| April 18| @ Phoenix| | James Harden (40)| Kevin Durant (11)| | Kevin Durant
Russell Westbrook (5)| US Airways Center
14,873| 45–17|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 63| April 20| @ Sacramento| | Kevin Durant (29)| Kevin Durant (14)| Kevin Durant (7)| Power Balance Pavilion
16,882| 46–17|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 64| April 22| @ L.A. Lakers| | Kevin Durant (35)| Serge Ibaka (14)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Staples Center
18,997| 46–18|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 65| April 24| Sacramento| | Kevin Durant (32)| Kevin Durant (9)| Russell Westbrook (6)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 47–18|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 66| April 25| Denver| | Kevin Durant (32)| Kendrick Perkins
Russell Westbrook (6)| Russell Westbrook (9)| Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203| 47–19

text: |- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 36| March 1| @

text: Orlando

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Amway Center

text: <br>18,846| 29–7|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 37| March 3| @

text: Atlanta

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Philips Arena

text: <br>18,087| 29–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 38| March 5|

text: Dallas

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: James Harden

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 30–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 39| March 7|

text: Phoenix

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 31–8|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 40| March 9|

text: Cleveland

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 31–9|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 41| March 10|

text: Charlotte

text: James Harden

text: Kevin Durant

text: Reggie Jackson

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 32–9|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 42| March 13|

text: Houston

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: James Harden

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 32–10|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 43| March 15| @

text: Denver

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Pepsi Center

text: <br>18,458| 33–10|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 44| March 16|

text: San Antonio

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 33–11|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 45| March 18|

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: James Harden

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 34–11|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 46| March 20| @

text: Utah

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: EnergySolutions Arena

text: <br>18,138| 34–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 47| March 21|

text: L.A. Clippers

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: <br>

text: James Harden

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 35–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 48| March 23|

text: Minnesota

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kevin Durant

text: James Harden

text: <br>

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 36–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 49| March 25|

text: Miami

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Kevin Durant

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 37–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 50| March 27| @

text: Portland

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Rose Garden

text: <br>20,626| 38–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 51| March 29| @

text: L.A. Lakers

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>18,997| 39–12|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 52| April 1|

text: Chicago

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 40–12|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 53| April 2|

text: Memphis

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: James Harden

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 40–13|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 54| April 4| @

text: Miami

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: <br>

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: <br>

text: Nick Collison

text: James Harden

text: American Airlines Arena

text: <br>20,104| 40–14|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 55| April 6| @

text: Indiana

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Bankers Life Fieldhouse

text: <br>18,165| 40–15|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 56| April 8|

text: Toronto

text: Kevin Durant

text: Nick Collison

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 41–15|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 57| April 9| @

text: Milwaukee

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: <br>

text: Russell Westbrook

text: <br>

text: Nick Collison

text: Kevin Durant

text: Bradley Center

text: <br>14,111| 42–15|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 58| April 11|

text: L.A. Clippers

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 42–16|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 59| April 13|

text: Sacramento

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 43–16|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 60| April 14| @

text: Minnesota

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Target Center

text: <br>19,552| 44–16|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 61| April 16| @

text: L.A. Clippers

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: James Harden

text: <br>

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>19,516| 44–17|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 62| April 18| @

text: Phoenix

text: James Harden

text: Kevin Durant

text: (11)| |

text: Kevin Durant

text: <br>

text: Russell Westbrook

text: US Airways Center

text: <br>14,873| 45–17|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 63| April 20| @

text: Sacramento

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Power Balance Pavilion

text: <br>16,882| 46–17|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 64| April 22| @

text: L.A. Lakers

text: Kevin Durant

text: Serge Ibaka

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Staples Center

text: <br>18,997| 46–18|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 65| April 24|

text: Sacramento

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kevin Durant

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 47–18|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 66| April 25|

text: Denver

text: Kevin Durant

text: Kendrick Perkins

text: <br>

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Russell Westbrook

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: <br>18,203| 47–19

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: A campfire warms the campers by conduction.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: |- bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: |- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| Most of the energy on Earth comes from the sun.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths of visible light.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: |- bgcolor="#ffcccc"

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Incoming solar radiation may cause skin cancer.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Gamma rays do not penetrate Earths atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Conduction happens mainly in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Warm air always sinks to the surface in convection current.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: |- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 36| March 1| @ Orlando| | Kevin Durant (38)| Kendrick Perkins (11)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Amway Center br>18,846| 29–7|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"| 37| March 3| @ Atlanta| | Kevin Durant (35)| Kevin Durant (8)| Russell Westbrook (4)| Philips Arena br>18,087| 29–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 38| March 5| Dallas| | Russell Westbrook (24)| Kendrick Perkins (14)| James Harden (4)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 30–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 39| March 7| Phoenix| | Russell Westbrook (31)| Serge Ibaka (20)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 31–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 40| March 9| Cleveland| | Russell Westbrook (31)| Serge Ibaka (20)| Russell Westbrook (10)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 31–8|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 41| March 10| Charlotte| | James Harden (33)| Kevin Durant (7)| Reggie Jackson (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 32–9|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 43| March 15| @ Denver| | Kevin Durant (28)| Kevin Durant (12)| James Harden (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 32–10|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"| 43| March 16| San

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: |- bgcolor="#ffcccc"

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: |- bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: a current

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Conduction is the process by which heat travels from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Deep purple is part of the ultraviolet spectrum.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Burning wood releases chemical energy.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: ionic bonding

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: femtosecond

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy, thermal energy, and thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Kevin Durant (23)| Kevin Durant (12)| James Harden (7)| Chesapeake Energy Arena br>18,203| 32–10|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Convection occurs in the air.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Earth's temperature fluctuating.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Chesapeake Energy Arena

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 43| March 15| @ Denver|

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: 33–10|-

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 33–10|-

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Denver|

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Denver|

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 43| March 15| @ Denver|

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: bgcolor="#ccffcc"|

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Denver|

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Kevin Durant

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 33–10|-

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Kevin Durant

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Kevin Durant (8)| Russell Westbrook (4)|

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 43| March 15| @ Denver|

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Denver|

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Kevin Durant (35)|

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Kevin Durant

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: (7)|

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Chesapeake Energy Arena

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Chesapeake Energy Arena

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Charlotte|

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Denver|

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Denver|

text: Prisms, mirrors, and lenses have a long history of altering the diffracted visible light that surrounds all. However, the control exhibited by these ordinary materials is limited. Moreover, the one material which is common among these three types of directors of light is conventional glass. Hence, these familiar technologies are constrained by the fundamental, physical laws of optics. With metamaterials in general, and the cloaking technology in particular, it appears these barriers disintegrate with advancements in materials and technologies never before realized in the natural physical sciences. These unique materials became notable because electromagnetic radiation can be bent, reflected, or skewed in new ways. The radiated light could even be slowed or captured before transmission. In other words, new ways to focus and project light and other radiation are being developed. Furthermore, the expanded optical powers presented in the science of cloaking objects appear to be technologically beneficial across a wide spectrum of devices already in use. This means that every device with basic functions that rely on interaction with the radiated electromagnetic spectrum could technologically advance. With these beginning steps a whole new class of optics has been established.

text: Prism

text: s,

text: mirror

text: s, and

text: lens

text: es have a long history of altering the diffracted visible light that surrounds all. However, the control exhibited by these ordinary materials is limited. Moreover, the one material which is common among these three types of directors of light is conventional

text: glass

text: . Hence, these familiar

text: technologies

text: are constrained by the fundamental, physical

text: laws of optics

text: . With metamaterials in general, and the cloaking technology in particular, it appears these barriers disintegrate with advancements in materials and technologies never before realized in the

text: natural physical sciences

text: . These unique materials became notable because electromagnetic radiation can be bent, reflected, or skewed in new ways. The radiated light could even be slowed or captured before transmission. In other words, new ways to focus and project light and other radiation are being developed. Furthermore, the expanded optical powers presented in the science of cloaking objects appear to be technologically beneficial across a wide spectrum of devices already in use. This means that every device with basic functions that rely on interaction with the radiated

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: could technologically advance. With these beginning steps a whole new class of optics has been established.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What can be bent, reflected, or slowed before transmission?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What could be slowed or captured before transmission?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be slowed or captured before transmission

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of director of light: Prisms, mirrors, or lenses?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is true of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: more solar energy to reach Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: basic functions that rely on interaction with the radiated electromagnetic spectrum could technologically advance

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: radiated light could even be slowed or captured before transmission

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: glass

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: skewed light

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sunlight radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Prisms,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: radiated electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: skewed

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: slowed or captured before transmission.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: light

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: basic functions that rely on interaction with the radiated electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: metamaterials

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: diffracted visible light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: glass.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic radiation can be bent, reflected, or skewed

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic radiation

text: The NWSC data center is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the State of Wyoming, and is operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. It was created through a partnership between the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the State of Wyoming, the University of Wyoming, Cheyenne LEADS, the Wyoming Business Council, and Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company. Consistent with NCAR’s mission, the center is a leader in energy efficiency, incorporating the newest and most efficient designs and technologies available. Planning for this data center began in 2003, groundbreaking at the North Range Business Park in Cheyenne took place in June 2010, and computing operations began in October 2012.

text: The NWSC

text: data center

text: is funded by the

text: National Science Foundation

text: (NSF) and the

text: State of Wyoming

text: , and is operated by the

text: National Center for Atmospheric Research

text: . It was created through a partnership between the

entity_name: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

text: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

text: (UCAR), the State of Wyoming, the

text: University of Wyoming

text: , Cheyenne LEADS, the

text: Wyoming Business Council

text: , and

text: Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company

text: . Consistent with NCAR’s mission, the center is a leader in

text: energy efficiency

text: , incorporating the newest and most efficient designs and technologies available. Planning for this data center began in 2003, groundbreaking at the North Range Business Park in Cheyenne took place in June 2010, and computing operations began in October 2012.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What type of spectrum does the NWSC data center study?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: What does NCAR stand for?

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which type of light has the most energy?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contaminate the data center

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the purpose of convection currents?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Consistent with NCAR’s mission, the center is a leader in energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy: burning wood or burning coal?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Light Fuel and Power

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the center is a leader in energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Wyoming

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Wyoming being colder than other states

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric Research

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: UCAR

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Atmospheric Research.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: computing operations began in October 2012.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: computing operations began in October 2012.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: computing operations began in October 2012.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: computing operations began in October 2012.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Atmospheric Research.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Cheyenne Light Fuel and Power Company.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Fuel and Power

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Cheyenne

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Atmospheric

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: energy efficiency,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Atmospheric Research.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Atmospheric Research.

text: A couple of decades ahead of Newton's publication of a particle theory of light, the Dutch Christiaan Huygens [1629–1695] developed the wave theory of light, published in 1690.  By 1804, Thomas Young's double-slit experiment revealed an interference pattern as though light were a wave, and thus Huygens's wave theory of light, as well as Huygens's inference that light waves were vibrations of the luminiferous aether was accepted.  Jean-Augustin Fresnel modeled hypothetical behavior of the aether.  Michael Faraday introduced the theoretical concept of a field—not action at a distance.  Mid-19th century, the Scottish James Clerk Maxwell [1831–1879] reduced electricity and magnetism to Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory, whittled down by others to the four Maxwell's equations.  Initially, optics was found consequent of Maxwell's field.  Later, radiation and then today's known electromagnetic spectrum were found also consequent of this electromagnetic field.

text: A couple of decades ahead of Newton's publication of a particle theory of light, the Dutch

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: [1629–1695] developed the wave theory of light, published in 1690.  By 1804,

text: Thomas Young

text: 's double-slit experiment revealed an interference pattern as though light were a wave, and thus Huygens's wave theory of light, as well as Huygens's inference that light waves were vibrations of the

text: luminiferous aether

text: was accepted.

text: Jean-Augustin Fresnel

text: modeled hypothetical behavior of the aether.

text: Michael Faraday

text: introduced the theoretical concept of a field—not action at a distance.  Mid-19th century, the Scottish

text: James Clerk Maxwell

text: [1831–1879] reduced electricity and magnetism to Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory, whittled down by others to the four

text: Maxwell's equations

text: .  Initially, optics was found consequent of Maxwell's field.  Later, radiation and then today's known

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: were found also consequent of this electromagnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of matter: matter, air, or light?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What was discovered consequent of Maxwell's electromagnetic field?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: what is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Maxwell's field

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which happened first, Maxwell's equations were reduced or optics was found consequent of Maxwell's field?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Faraday introduced the theoretical concept of a field—not action at a distance

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does light travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electromagnetic field theory

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electric and magnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: action at a distance

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: aether

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Maxwell's electromagnetic field

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: today's known electromagnetic spectrum were found also consequent of this electromagnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: interference pattern

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: light waves were vibrations of the luminiferous aether

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: today's known electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: wave theory of light,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: light were a wave,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: wave theory of light, published in 1690.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: wave theory of light, published in 1690.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: electricity and magnetism

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: wave theory of light, published in 1690.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 1690.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: particle

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electricity and magnetism

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: light were a wave,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: light waves were vibrations of the luminiferous aether

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: James Clerk Maxwell

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: light were a wave,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: light were a wave,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electricity and magnetism

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: action at a distance.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiation and then today's known electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: light waves were vibrations of the luminiferous aether

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: electromagnetic field.

text: A Bonner sphere is a device used to determine the energy spectrum of a neutron beam.  The method was first described in 1960 by Rice University's Bramblett, Ewing and Tom W. Bonner and employs thermal neutron detectors embedded in moderating spheres of different sizes.  Comparison of the neutrons detected by each sphere allows accurate determination of the neutron energy.  This detector system utilizes a few channel unfolding technique to determine the coarse, few group neutron spectrum.  The original detector system was capable of measuring neutrons between thermal energies up to ~20 MeV.  These detectors have been modified to provide additional resolution above 20 MeV to energies up to 1 GeV.

text: A Bonner sphere is a device used to determine the energy spectrum of a

text: neutron

text: beam.  The method was first described in 1960 by

text: Rice University

text: 's Bramblett, Ewing and

text: Tom W. Bonner

text: and employs thermal

text: neutron detectors

text: embedded in moderating spheres of different sizes.  Comparison of the neutrons detected by each sphere allows accurate determination of the

text: neutron energy

text: .  This detector system utilizes a few channel unfolding technique to determine the coarse, few group neutron spectrum.  The original detector system was capable of measuring neutrons between thermal energies up to ~20 MeV.  These detectors have been modified to provide additional resolution above 20 MeV to energies up to 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: What is the Bonner sphere used for?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does the Bonner sphere determine?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Neutrons

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat a Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Why are gamma rays so dangerous?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The original detector system was capable of measuring

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutron

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy released by burning wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The original detector system was capable of measuring neutrons between thermal energies

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Bonner spheres

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutrons

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by the release of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 1 GeV.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: A Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: thermal neutron detectors

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: thermal energies up to <unk>20 MeV.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: <unk>20 MeV.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: neutron energy.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: measuring neutrons between thermal energies up to <unk>20 MeV.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: A Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: neutron energy.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: <unk>20 MeV.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: A Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: <unk>20 MeV.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Bonner sphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: neutron beam.

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: neutron energy.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Bonner

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: neutron beam.

text: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of . At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals , the temperature is . Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets.

text: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher

text: internal heating

text: . Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of . At a depth where the

text: atmospheric pressure

text: equals , the temperature is . Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain

text: Uranus

text: 's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What does Neptune radiate?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 40%

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: planetary winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Uranus

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of Neptune?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: deeper inside the layers of gas

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What is the main idea of the passage?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat flow

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the source of this heating?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood release chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Uranus

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: What are the two planets' surface temperatures roughly equal?

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Neptune

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: varied weather

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the heat left over from Neptune's formation

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: gas,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 40%

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: planetary winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: fastest planetary winds

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: the heat left over from Neptune's formation

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Deeper inside the layers of gas,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun;

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun;

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: heat flow,

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 40%

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: planetary winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun;

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Deeper inside the layers of gas,

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: internal energy

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Uranus

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Deeper inside the layers of gas,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Deeper inside the layers of gas,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Neptune's more varied weather

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun;

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: internal heating.

text: As a result, the energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible – about 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

text: As a result, the energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible – about 10 of

text: solar radiation

text: – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: GCR

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: starlight

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: be the same as starlight

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can not be inferred

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: GCRs

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: is the same as starlight

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be determined

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: starlight

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: starlight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation and starlight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: starlight

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: GCRs being less

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GCRs

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 10 of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: GCRs

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: GCRs

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: the energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: GCRs

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 10 of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 10 of solar radiation – roughly the same as starlight.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: negligible – about 10 of solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: starlight.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: negligible

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: the energy input of GCRs to the atmosphere is negligible

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: GCRs

text: A number of natural and man-made mechanisms can affect the global energy balance and force changes in Earth's climate. Greenhouse gases are one such mechanism. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb and re-emit some of the outgoing energy radiated from Earth's surface, causing that heat to be retained in the lower atmosphere. As explained above, some greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades or even centuries, and therefore can affect Earth's energy balance over a long time period. Factors that influence Earth's energy balance can be quantified in terms of "radiative climate forcing." Positive radiative forcing indicates warming (for example, by increasing incoming energy or decreasing the amount of energy that escapes to space), whereas negative forcing is associated with cooling.

text: A number of natural and man-made mechanisms can affect the global energy balance and force changes in Earth's climate. Greenhouse gases are one such mechanism. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb and re-emit some of the outgoing energy radiated from Earth's surface, causing that heat to be retained in the lower atmosphere. As

text: explained above

text: , some greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades or even centuries, and therefore can affect Earth's energy balance over a long time period. Factors that influence Earth's energy balance can be quantified in terms of "

text: radiative climate forcing

text: ." Positive radiative forcing indicates warming (for example, by increasing incoming energy or decreasing the amount of energy that escapes to space), whereas negative forcing is associated with cooling.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiative

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a natural and man-made mechanism?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What do greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase the amount of energy that escapes

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: How do warmer molecules have more energy than cooler ones?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What cannot be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a greenhouse gas?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How do greenhouse gases affect Earth's energy balance?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood affect the global energy balance?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: radiated

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: isochronous

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the amount of energy that escapes to space

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiating

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Positive radiative forcing indicates warming

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: "radiative climate forcing." Positive radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: space),

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: "radiative climate forcing."

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: "radiative climate forcing." Positive radiative forcing

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: "radiative climate forcing."

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: "radiative climate forcing."

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Positive radiative forcing indicates warming

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: negative forcing is associated with cooling.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Positive radiative forcing indicates warming

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy balance

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy that escapes to space),

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: incoming energy or decreasing the amount of energy that escapes to space),

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: space),

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: space),

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: escapes

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: warming

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: outgoing energy radiated from Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Greenhouse gases

text: Color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion, as, for example, when a lighter is held to a candle. The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize. In this state they can then readily react with oxygen in the air, which gives off enough heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized fuel molecules to decompose, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with each other and with the oxidizer involved in the reaction. Sufficient energy in the flame will excite the electrons in some of the transient reaction intermediates such as the Methylidyne radical (CH) and Diatomic carbon (C), which results in the emission of visible light as these substances release their excess energy (see spectrum below for an explanation of which specific radical species produce which specific colors). As the combustion temperature of a flame increases (if the flame contains small particles of unburnt carbon or other material), so does the average energy of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame (see Black body).

text: Color

text: and

text: temperature

text: of a flame are dependent on the type of

text: fuel

text: involved in the combustion, as, for example, when a

text: lighter

text: is held to a

text: candle

text: . The applied heat causes the fuel

text: molecules

text: in the

text: candle wax

text: to

text: vaporize

text: . In this state they can then readily react with

text: oxygen

text: in the

text: air

text: , which gives off enough

text: heat

text: in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized fuel molecules to

text: decompose

text: , forming various incomplete combustion products and

text: free radicals

text: , and these products then react with each other and with the oxidizer involved in the reaction. Sufficient

text: energy

text: in the flame will

text: excite

text: the

text: electron

text: s in some of the transient reaction intermediates such as the

text: Methylidyne radical

text: (CH) and

text: Diatomic carbon

text: (C), which results in the emission of visible

text: light

text: as these substances release their excess energy (see spectrum below for an explanation of which specific radical species produce which specific colors). As the combustion temperature of a flame increases (if the flame contains small particles of

text: unburnt carbon

text: or other material), so does the average energy of the

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: given off by the flame (see

text: Black body

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Black body

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the average energy of electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: exothermic reaction

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Black body

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Light a candle

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of free radical?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does conduction work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which color is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fuel?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: exothermic reaction

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation and free radicals

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: a lighter is held to a candle

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Black body?

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Black body

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: unburned

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unburned carbon

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The applied heat causes the fuel molecules

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: oxygen in the air,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Methylidyne radical (CH) and Diatomic carbon

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: small particles of unburnt carbon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrons

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: candle wax to vaporize.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: oxygen in the air,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Black body).

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: oxygen in the air,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: combustion temperature

text: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to  for several greenhouse gases are given in the following table:

text: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and

text: GWP

text: relative to  for several greenhouse gases are given in the following table:

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Conduction is a type of heat transfer.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Energy can travel only through matter.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is the electromagnetic spectrum of electromagnetic waves.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency waves

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Light with the least energy is visible light

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: irritate the ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The answer is

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Convection currents are a type of

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Earths surface

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: GWP relative to

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to power a car

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Earth's surface is hotter than the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the ultraviolet spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does burning wood do to the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can only be seen by animals

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can only be seen by animals

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: kinetic energy and thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: Greenhouse gases are a renewable resource.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: emitted by the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: following

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases are given in the following

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: following

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: following

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: atmospheric lifetime

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect. The vision is that net greenhouse gas emissions should be zero. The overall objective is that the increase in global temperature should be limited to two degrees, and that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere stabilizes at a maximum of 400 ppm.

text: Sweden

text: will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect. The vision is that net greenhouse gas emissions should be zero. The overall objective is that the increase in global temperature should be limited to two degrees, and that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere stabilizes at a maximum of 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy: matter, air, or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum is the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: the greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase global temperature

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What would happen if Sweden contributed to the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used to produce light

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does the greenhouse effect work?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: How does burning wood contribute to the greenhouse effect?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: The greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: net greenhouse gas emissions should be zero

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: global temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: increase in global temperature should be limited to two degrees,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: two degrees,

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: zero.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: greenhouse gas emissions

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: 2050, Sweden will no longer contribute to the greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: 2050,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: greenhouse effect.

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: increase in global temperature

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: greenhouse gases

text: Many places on Mars show dark streaks on steep slopes like crater walls.  It seems that the youngest streaks are dark; then they become lighter with age.  Often they begin as a small narrow spot then widen and extend downhill for hundreds of meters.  They have been seen to travel around obstacles, like boulders. Several ideas have been advanced to explain the streaks.  Some involve water or even the growth of organisms.   It is most generally accepted that they represent avalanches of dust.  The streaks appear in areas covered with dust.  When a thin layer of dust is removed, the underlying surface is dark.  Much of the Martian surface is covered with dust.  Fine dust settles out of the atmosphere covering everything.  We know a lot about this dust because the solar panels of the Mars Rovers get covered with dust, thus reducing the electrical energy.  The power of the Rovers has been restored many times by the wind, in the form of dust devils, cleaning the panels and boosting the power.  So we know that dust falls from the atmosphere and is returned by dust devils over and over. Dust storms are frequent, especially when the spring season begins in the southern hemisphere.  At that time, Mars is 40% closer to the sun.  The orbit of Mars is much more elliptical then the Earth's.  That is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun is very great for Mars, but only a slight amount for the Earth.  Also, every few years, the entire planet is engulfed in a global dust storm.  When NASA's Mariner 9 craft arrived there, nothing could be seen through the dust storm. Other global dust storms have also been observed, since that time.

text: Mariner 9

text: craft arrived there, nothing could be seen through the dust storm. Other global dust storms have also been observed, since that time.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: dust, water, or organisms?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: dust devils

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: dust devils return dust over and over

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Which of the following is not a type of dust?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection current?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: What is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a form of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: dust devils, cleaning the panels and boosting the power

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: dust devils

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: What is the difference between the farthest point from the sun and the closest point to the sun?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: dark streaks on steep slopes like crater walls

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: dust

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: electrical energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: dust

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar panels and wind

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: dust devils, cleaning the panels and boosting the power

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: dust

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: dust storms

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Earth receives from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Mars is 40% closer to the sun

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Mars is 40% closer to the sun. The orbit of Mars

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Mars is 40% closer to the sun.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: dust falls from the atmosphere and is returned by dust devils

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: global dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Mars Rovers get covered with dust, thus reducing the electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: water or even the growth of organisms.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electrical energy.

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: nothing could be seen through the dust storm.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: spring season begins in the southern hemisphere.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: dust falls from the atmosphere and is returned by dust devils

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Dust storms

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Mars is 40% closer to the sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: global dust storm.

text: On one hand, some argue that it is better to use the energy stored in a tire than to put it in a landfill, in line with the waste hierarchy. On the other, it is difficult to justify introducing toxins into the atmosphere, and much energy can be saved by recycling the tires so that new ones do not need to be remanufactured from raw materials.

text: On one hand, some argue that it is better to use the energy stored in a tire than to put it in a landfill, in line with the waste hierarchy. On the other, it is difficult to justify introducing toxins into the atmosphere, and much energy can be saved by recycling the tires so that new ones do not need to be remanufactured from raw materials.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of energy is stored in a tire?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: unsteadiness

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: high-frequency

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: contaminate a landfill

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of tires?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: what is the second to last item mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can not be used

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a reason to recycle tires?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be absorbed

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can only be seen by astronomers

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: Tires

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: recycling the tires

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: landfills

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the atmosphere receives

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: toxins into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: energy stored in a tire than to put it in a landfill,

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: raw materials.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: energy stored in a tire than to put it in a landfill,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: waste hierarchy.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: waste hierarchy.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: waste hierarchy.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: landfill,

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: energy stored in a tire than to put it in a landfill,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: energy stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: energy stored in a tire

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: remanufactured from raw materials.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: landfill,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: toxins into the atmosphere,

text: Multi-spectral camouflage is the use of counter-surveillance techniques to conceal objects from detection across several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at the same time. While traditional military camouflage attempts to hide an object in the visible spectrum, multi-spectral camouflage also tries to simultaneously hide objects from detection methods such as infrared, radar, and millimetre-wave radar imaging.

text: Multi-spectral

text: camouflage

text: is the use of

text: counter-surveillance

text: techniques to

text: conceal objects from detection across several parts

text: of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: at the same time. While traditional

text: military camouflage

text: attempts to hide an object in the

text: visible spectrum

text: , multi-spectral camouflage also tries to simultaneously hide objects from detection methods such as

text: infrared

text: radar

text: , and

text: millimetre-wave

text: radar imaging

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is multi-spectral camouflage?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of radiation?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What does multi-spectral camouflage attempt to hide?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: electromagnetic spectrum is the same as the visible spectrum

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a vacuum

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: millimetre-wave

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: visible spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: visible spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: infrared,

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: visible spectrum,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Multi-spectral camouflage

text: Woven fiberglass coated with PTFE (Teflon or silicone) is also a widely used base material. Glass fibers are drawn into continuous filaments, which are then bundled into yarns. The yarns are woven to form a substrate. The fiberglass carries a high ultimate tensile strength, behaves elastically, and does not suffer from significant stress relaxation or creep. The PTFE coating is chemically inert, can withstand temperatures from 100 °F upwards to 450 °F+. It is also immune to radiation and can be cleaned with water. PTFE fiberglass is additionally Energy Star and Cool Roof Rating Council certified. During scientific tests of its solar properties, it was discovered that PTFE fiberglass membranes reflect as much as 73 percent of the sun’s energy while holding just seven percent on its exterior surface. Certain grades of PTFE fiberglass can absorb 14 percent of the sun’s energy while allowing 13 percent of natural daylight and seven percent of re-radiated energy (solar heat) to transmit through.

text: Woven fiberglass coated with PTFE (

text: Teflon

text: or

text: silicone

text: ) is also a widely used base material. Glass fibers are drawn into continuous filaments, which are then bundled into yarns. The yarns are woven to form a substrate. The fiberglass carries a high ultimate tensile strength, behaves elastically, and does not suffer from significant

text: stress relaxation

text: or creep. The PTFE coating is

text: chemically inert

text: , can withstand temperatures from 100 °F upwards to 450 °F+. It is also immune to radiation and can be cleaned with water. PTFE fiberglass is additionally

text: Energy Star

text: and Cool Roof Rating Council certified. During scientific tests of its solar properties, it was discovered that PTFE fiberglass membranes reflect as much as 73 percent of the sun’s energy while holding just seven percent on its exterior surface. Certain grades of PTFE fiberglass can absorb 14 percent of the sun’s energy while allowing 13 percent of natural daylight and seven percent of re-radiated energy (solar heat) to transmit through.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: glass fibers or PTFE?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a property of PTFE fiberglass?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 73 percent

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: creep

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Which of the following is not a type of light: natural daylight or infrared light?

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: PTFE fiberglass membranes reflect as much as 73% of what?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: It is also immune to radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a property of PTFE fiberglass membranes?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: Which of the following is not true of PTFE fiberglass membranes?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of PTFE fiberglass?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The fiberglass carries a high ultimate tensile strength, behaves elastically, and does not suffer from significant stress relaxation or creep

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Which is not a greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: PTFE fiberglass membranes reflect as much as

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy: sunlight, conduction or fiberglass?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Which of the following is not part of the ultraviolet spectrum: deep purple or ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of wood: PTFE fiberglass or wood?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: re-radiated

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: natural daylight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: solar heat and natural daylight

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: PTFE fiberglass membranes reflect as much as 73 percent of the sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fiberglass membranes

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: natural daylight

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun radiates

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: PTFE fiberglass

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 450 °F+.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Glass fibers are drawn into continuous filaments,

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 73 percent

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: creep.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Woven fiberglass coated with PTFE

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy while holding just seven percent

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: re-radiated energy (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: can be cleaned with water.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Woven fiberglass coated with PTFE

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: re-radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: re-radiated energy (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: 450 °F+.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: PTFE coating is chemically inert,

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: re-radiated energy

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: daylight

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: (solar heat)

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy while holding just seven percent

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Glass fibers are drawn into continuous filaments,

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: re-radiated

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: 73 percent of the sun’s energy while holding just seven percent

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun’s energy

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: (solar heat)

text: Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere), while almost all the rest is hydrogen. Since Saturn's internal helium abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen; that might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun. Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn. Near the equator, the Voyagers measured winds about 500 m/s (1,100 mph). The wind blows mostly in an easterly direction.

text: Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of

text: Saturn

text: 's upper atmosphere is

text: helium

text: (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere), while almost all the rest is

text: hydrogen

text: . Since Saturn's internal helium abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen; that might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun. Winds blow at high speeds in

text: Saturn

text: . Near the equator, the Voyagers measured winds about 500 m/s (1,100

text: mph

text: ). The wind blows mostly in an easterly direction.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter: hydrogen, helium or water?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: What kind of spectrum does Saturn have?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Jupiter's and the Sun's

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: What might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates?

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: What might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: What can be created or destroyed?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy that Saturn radiates

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: What might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: m/s

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: hydrogen and heat

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy it receives from the Sun

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Saturn

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: Saturn's internal helium abundance

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: Jupiter's

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: Saturn's internal helium abundance

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiates

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: hydrogen;

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: hydrogen;

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The wind blows mostly in an easterly direction.

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Sun.

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: hydrogen;

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: Winds

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: excess heat that Saturn radiates

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: energy it receives from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun.

text: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column. As the sun does not heat the Earth evenly, there is a temperature difference between the poles and the equator, creating air masses with more or less homogeneous temperature with latitude. Differences in atmospheric pressure are also at the origin of the general atmospheric circulation while the air masses are separated by ribbons where temperature changes rapidly. These are the fronts. Along these areas, higher winds aloft form. These horizontal jets (jet streams) that can reach speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour, which can span thousands of kilometers in length, but can have only a few tens or hundreds of kilometers of width.

text: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column. As the sun does not heat the Earth evenly, there is a temperature difference between the poles and the equator, creating air masses with more or less homogeneous temperature with latitude. Differences in atmospheric pressure are also at the origin of the general

text: atmospheric circulation

text: while the air masses are separated by ribbons where temperature changes rapidly. These are the fronts. Along these areas, higher winds aloft form. These horizontal jets (jet streams) that can reach speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour, which can span thousands of kilometers in length, but can have only a few tens or hundreds of kilometers of width.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Which of the following is not a type of matter?

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fronts

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: Wavelengths that are short and very high energy are

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: What is the range of wavelengths of visible light?

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth evenly

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the average temperature in the air column?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is not a type of pressure?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: Where does conduction occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: How does the sun heat the Earth evenly?

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy?

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: This horizontal jets (jet streams) that can reach speeds

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: What is a particle?

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: How does heat travel back into the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a type of energy release?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: ultraviolet

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: heat and light

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun does not heat the Earth evenly

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: air masses where temperature changes rapidly

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: jet streams

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: more or less homogeneous temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: the sun does not heat evenly

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun does not heat the Earth evenly

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: (jet streams)

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: the sun does not heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: fronts.

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: horizontal jets

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: higher winds aloft

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: higher winds aloft

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: As the sun does not heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour,

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: winds

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: Pressure differences depend, in turn, the average temperature in the air column.

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: higher winds

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: the sun does not heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: fronts.

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: winds aloft

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: air masses with more or less homogeneous temperature

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: sun does not heat the Earth evenly,

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: the sun does not heat the Earth evenly,

text: The electromagnetic spectrum is a plot of the field magnitudes (or energies) as a function of wavelength.

text: The

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: is a plot of the field magnitudes (or energies) as a function of wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is a plot of field magnitudes as a function of wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: is a plot of the field magnitudes as a function of wavelength?

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: amplify a radio wave

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: What is the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: Which of the following is true of the electromagnetic spectrum?

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: where does it occur?

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: What is the opposite of convection?

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: The greenhouse effect causes more solar energy to reach Earths surface.

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: is a skill

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: can be used as a weapon

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: can be described as

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: Which of the following is not a form of conduction?

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: What color is deep purple?

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: Which of the following is not a source of chemical energy?

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: can be detected by a telescope

answers: NDQ_000900

answers: is not possible

answers: NDQ_000901

answers: can not be seen

answers: NDQ_000909

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000910

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum is a plot of the field magnitudes as a function of wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000911

answers: a liquid

answers: NDQ_000912

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_000913

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000914

answers: radiates from the sun

answers: NDQ_000915

answers: by a change in the electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000870

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000871

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000872

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000873

answers: a plot of the field magnitudes

answers: NDQ_000874

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000875

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000876

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000877

answers: a plot of the field magnitudes

answers: NDQ_000878

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000879

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000881

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000882

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000884

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000887

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000889

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000890

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000891

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000892

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000893

answers: wavelength.

answers: NDQ_000894

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000895

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000896

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000897

answers: electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000898

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000899

answers: The electromagnetic spectrum

answers: NDQ_000900