text: In 1822 the word "paleontology" was invented by the editor of a French scientific journal to refer to the study of ancient living organisms through fossils, and the first half of the 19th century saw geological and paleontological activity become increasingly well organized with the growth of geologic societies and museums and an increasing number of professional geologists and fossil specialists. This contributed to a rapid increase in knowledge about the history of life on Earth, and progress towards definition of the geologic time scale largely based on fossil evidence.  As knowledge of life's history continued to improve, it became increasingly obvious that there had been some kind of successive order to the development of life. This would encourage early evolutionary theories on the transmutation of species. After Charles Darwin published Origin of Species in 1859, much of the focus of paleontology shifted to understanding evolutionary paths, including human evolution, and evolutionary theory.

text: In 1822 the word "paleontology" was invented by the editor of a French scientific journal to refer to the study of ancient living organisms through fossils, and the first half of the 19th century saw geological and paleontological activity become increasingly well organized with the growth of geologic societies and museums and an increasing number of professional geologists and fossil specialists. This contributed to a rapid increase in knowledge about the history of life on Earth, and progress towards definition of the

entity_name: Geologic time scale

text: geologic time scale

text: largely based on fossil evidence.  As knowledge of life's history continued to improve, it became increasingly obvious that there had been some kind of successive order to the development of life. This would encourage early evolutionary theories on the

entity_name: Transmutation of species

text: transmutation of species

text: . After

entity_name: Charles Darwin

text: Charles Darwin

text: published

entity_name: On the Origin of Species

text: Origin of Species

text: in 1859, much of the focus of paleontology shifted to understanding

entity_name: Evolution

text: evolution

text: ary paths, including

entity_name: Human evolution

text: human evolution

text: , and evolutionary theory.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: some kind of successive order

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the first half of the 19th century saw geological and paleontological activity become increasingly well organized

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: paleontology is the study of ancient living organisms through fossils

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic time scale

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1859

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after Charles Darwin published Origin of Species?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It became increasingly obvious that there had been

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: fossil

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answer_match: lowercase, stopped, stemmed, removed trailing period, fuzz > 0.8 / true-false special handling

orig_prompt_class: QuestionPromptWithChoices

prompt_style: context: question:

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: fossils,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: some kind of successive order to the development of life.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: much of the focus of paleontology shifted to understanding evolutionary paths,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fossils,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: successive order to the development of life.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: successive order to the development of life.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life. This would encourage early evolutionary theories on the transmutation of species.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rapid increase in knowledge about the history of life on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolutionary theories

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In 1822

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient living organisms through fossils,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: successive order

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "paleontology"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Origin of Species in 1859,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient living organisms through fossils,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ancient living organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils,

answer_match: lowercase, stemmed, fuzz > 0.8

text: The  segment of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben west of Ottawa was the first to be recognized as a graben. Since then, it has been traced west to Lake Nipissing, and northwestwards from the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa Rivers up the valley of the latter stream to Lake Timiskaming and the Montreal River valley. This latter branch is the Timiskaming Graben.  At the rifts' western termini, the main faults split into divergent smaller faults.  The graben has been interpreted as a Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic failed arm of the Iapetus Ocean, the precursor to the Atlantic Ocean.  The main Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben is associated with collapse of the regional carbonate platform and formation of deep water shale basins by ~452 mya (million years ago); similar events formed the Temiskaming Graben ~449-451 mya. These graben were reactivated during the breakup of supercontinent Pangaea some 150 mya.

text: The  segment of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben west of Ottawa was the first to be recognized as a

entity_name: Graben

text: graben

text: . Since then, it has been traced west to Lake Nipissing, and northwestwards from the

entity_name: Confluence

text: confluence

text: of the

entity_name: Mattawa River

text: Mattawa

text: and

entity_name: Ottawa River

text: Ottawa River

text: s up the valley of the latter stream to

entity_name: Lake Timiskaming

text: Lake Timiskaming

text: and the

entity_name: Montreal River (Timiskaming District)

text: Montreal River

text: valley. This latter branch is the Timiskaming Graben.  At the rifts' western termini, the main

entity_name: Fault (geology)

text: fault

text: s split into divergent smaller faults.  The graben has been interpreted as a

entity_name: Proterozoic

text: Late Proterozoic

text: to Early

entity_name: Paleozoic

text: Paleozoic

text: failed arm of the

entity_name: Iapetus Ocean

text: Iapetus Ocean

text: , the precursor to the Atlantic Ocean.  The main Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben is associated with collapse of the regional

entity_name: Carbonate

text: carbonate

text: platform and formation of deep water shale basins by ~452

entity_name: Year

entity_section: mya

text: mya

text: (million years ago); similar events formed the Temiskaming Graben ~449-451 mya. These graben were reactivated during the breakup of

entity_name: Supercontinent

text: supercontinent

entity_name: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

text: some 150 mya.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 449-451 mya

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: At the rifts' western termini, the main faults split into divergent smaller faults

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 449-451 mya

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 449-451 mya

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Iapetus Ocean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did the main Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben collapse

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did these graben breakup?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was Pangaea?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many graben were reactivated during the breakup of supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many millions of years ago did the Temiskaming Graben form?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbonate platform

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 150 mya.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Iapetus Ocean,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it has been traced west to Lake Nipissing,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup of supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 452 mya

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 452 mya

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 452 mya

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 452 mya

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Iapetus Ocean,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: collapse of the regional carbonate platform

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonate platform

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: graben.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonate platform

text: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated during the Early Cretaceous (145–100 Ma) while the continent of Australia was still linked to Antarctica to form East Gondwana, a continent that had rifted from Africa and drifted southward. Much of this southern continent lay inside the Antarctic Circle, and the climate there was unlike any that exists today. This led to fauna and flora that were unique to the time. Much of what is known about the fauna of Polar Australia comes from fossil beds found in Dinosaur Cove and Flat Rocks on the Victorian coast of southeast Australia.

text: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated during the

entity_name: Early Cretaceous

text: Early Cretaceous

entity_name: Myr

text: Ma

text: ) while the

entity_name: Continent

text: continent

text: of

entity_name: Australia

text: Australia

text: was still linked to

entity_name: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

text: to form East

entity_name: Gondwana

text: Gondwana

text: , a continent that had rifted from

entity_name: Africa

text: Africa

text: and drifted southward. Much of this southern continent lay inside the

entity_name: Antarctic Circle

text: Antarctic Circle

text: , and the

entity_name: Climate

text: climate

text: there was unlike any that exists today. This led to fauna and flora that were unique to the time. Much of what is known about the fauna of Polar Australia comes from fossil beds found in

entity_name: Dinosaur Cove

text: Dinosaur Cove

text: and Flat Rocks on the

entity_name: Victoria (Australia)

text: Victoria

text: n coast of southeast Australia.

method: UNH-ecn

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: East Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 145–100 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 100 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the climate there was unlike any that exists today

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 145–100 Ma

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 100 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents drift southward

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was unlike any that exists today.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the South Polar dinosaurs proliferate?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Antarctic Circle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Fossils

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (145–100 Ma)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: (145–100 Ma)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the climate there was unlike any that exists today.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This led to fauna and flora that were unique to the time.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated during the Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rifted from Africa and drifted southward.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (145–100 Ma)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: South Polar dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated during the Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: (145–100 Ma)

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The South Polar dinosaurs proliferated during the Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: East Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The South Polar dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Antarctic Circle,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Antarctic Circle,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossil beds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Flat Rocks

text: Tolkien's cosmology is based on a clear dualism between the spiritual and the material world.While the Ainur, the first created but immaterial angelic beings have the "subcreative" power of imagination, the power to create independent life or physical reality is reserved for Eru Ilúvatar (God); this power of (primary) creation is expressed by the concept of a "Secret Fire" or  "Flame Imperishable". The term for the material universe is Eä, "the World that Is", as distinguished from the purely idealist pre-figuration of creation in the minds of the Ainur.  Eä contains our Earth (and solar system) in a mythical ancient past, of which Middle-earth is the main continent. Eä (Quenya for "let [these things] be!") was the word spoken by Eru Ilúvatar (metaphorically, in the purported Quenya-language account of creation) by which he brought the physical universe into actuality.

text: Tolkien's cosmology is based on a clear

entity_name: Dualism (philosophy of mind)

text: dualism

text: between the spiritual and the material world.While the Ainur, the first created but immaterial angelic beings have the "

entity_name: Mythopoeia

entity_section: Subcreation

text: subcreative

text: " power of imagination, the power to create independent life or physical reality is reserved for

entity_name: Eru Ilúvatar

text: Eru Ilúvatar

entity_name: God

text: God

text: ); this power of (primary) creation is expressed by the concept of a "Secret Fire" or  "Flame Imperishable". The term for the material universe is Eä, "the World that Is", as distinguished from the purely

entity_name: Idealism

text: idealist

text: pre-figuration of creation in the minds of the

entity_name: Ainur (Middle-earth)

text: Ainur

text: .  Eä contains our

entity_name: Arda (Tolkien)

text: Earth

text: (and solar system) in a mythical ancient past, of which

entity_name: Middle-earth

text: Middle-earth

text: is the main continent. Eä (

entity_name: Quenya

text: Quenya

text: for "let [these things] be!") was the

entity_name: Logos (Christianity)

text: word

text: spoken by Eru Ilúvatar (metaphorically, in the purported

text: Quenya

text: -language account of creation) by which he brought the physical universe into actuality.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eä

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eru Il vatar

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Middle-earth as the main continent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Tolkien's cosmology is based on a clear dualism between the spiritual and the material world

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eä

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Eä contains our Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eä

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ainur

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the term for the material universe?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the term for the material universe?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eru Il vatar

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Quenya

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ainur

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Secret Fire"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ainur, the first created but immaterial angelic beings

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Middle-earth is the main continent.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "Secret Fire" or "Flame Imperishable".

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the power to create independent life or physical reality

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: creation) by which he brought the physical universe into actuality.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the power to create independent life or physical reality

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: mythical ancient past,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: the Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eä,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: immaterial angelic beings

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Flame Imperishable".

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Flame Imperishable".

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ainur,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "Flame Imperishable".

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "Flame Imperishable".

text: Phenomena from mathematics and computer science such as cellular automata, random graphs, and some instances of evolutionary computation and artificial life exhibit features of self-organization. In swarm robotics, self-organization is used to produce emergent behavior. In particular the theory of random graphs has been used as a justification for self-organization as a general principle of complex systems. In the field of multi-agent systems, understanding how to engineer systems that are capable of presenting self-organized behavior is an active research area. Optimization algorithms can be considered self-organizing because they aim to find the optimal solution to a problem. If the solution is considered as a state of the iterative system, the optimal solution is the selected, converged structure of the system. Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks. These emerge from bottom-up interactions, unlike top-down hierarchical networks within organizations, which are not self-organizing. Cloud computing systems have been argued to be inherently self-organising, but while they have some autonomy, they are not self-managing as they do not have the goal of reducing their own complexity.

text: Phenomena from

entity_name: Mathematics

text: mathematics

text: and

entity_name: Computer science

text: computer science

text: such as

entity_name: Cellular automaton

text: cellular automata

entity_name: Random graph

text: random graph

text: s, and some instances of

entity_name: Evolutionary computation

text: evolutionary computation

text: and

entity_name: Artificial life

text: artificial life

text: exhibit features of self-organization. In

entity_name: Swarm robotics

text: swarm robotics

text: , self-organization is used to produce emergent behavior. In particular the theory of random graphs has been used as a justification for self-organization as a general principle of complex systems. In the field of

entity_name: Multi-agent system

text: multi-agent systems

text: , understanding how to engineer systems that are capable of presenting self-organized behavior is an active research area.

entity_name: Mathematical optimization

entity_section: Computational optimization techniques

text: Optimization algorithm

text: s can be considered self-organizing because they aim to find the optimal solution to a problem. If the solution is considered as a state of the iterative system, the optimal solution is the selected, converged structure of the system.

entity_name: Self-organizing network

text: Self-organizing networks

text: include

entity_name: Small-world network

text: small-world network

text: s and

entity_name: Scale-free network

text: scale-free network

text: s. These emerge from bottom-up interactions, unlike top-down hierarchical networks within organizations, which are not self-organizing. Cloud computing systems have been argued to be inherently self-organising, but while they have some autonomy, they are not self-managing as they do not have the goal of reducing their own complexity.

method: UNH-qee

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not self-organizing

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular automata

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bottom-up interactions

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: self-organizing

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular automata

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bottom-up interactions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular automata

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: self-organizing networks

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: self-organization

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: scale-free networks

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: artificial life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: self-organization

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cellular automata

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular automata

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: bottom-up interactions,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: artificial life exhibit features of self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bottom-up interactions,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: These emerge from bottom-up interactions,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: artificial life exhibit features of self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bottom-up interactions,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bottom-up

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolutionary computation and artificial life exhibit features of self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: artificial life exhibit features of self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: artificial life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: artificial life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: self-organization.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolutionary computation and artificial life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Self-organizing networks include small-world networks and scale-free networks.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cellular automata, random graphs,

text: The second model (Protopangea-Paleopangea) is based on both palaeomagnetic and geological evidence and proposes that the continental crust comprised a single supercontinent from  until break-up during the Ediacaran Period after . The reconstruction is derived from the observation that palaeomagnetic poles converge to quasi-static positions for long intervals between ~2.7–2.2, 1.5–1.25, and  with only small peripheral modifications to the reconstruction. During the intervening periods, the poles conform to a unified apparent polar wander path. Because this model shows that exceptional demands on the paleomagnetic data are satisfied by prolonged quasi-integrity, it must be regarded as superseding the first model proposing multiple diverse continents, although the first phase (Protopangea) essentially incorporates Vaalbara and Kenorland of the first model. The explanation for the prolonged duration of the Protopangea-Paleopangea supercontinent appears to be that Lid Tectonics (comparable to the tectonics operating on Mars and Venus) prevailed during Precambrian times. Plate Tectonics as seen on the contemporary Earth became dominant only during the latter part of geological times.

text: The second model (Protopangea-Paleopangea) is based on both palaeomagnetic and geological evidence and proposes that the continental crust comprised a single supercontinent from  until break-up during the

entity_name: Ediacaran

text: Ediacaran

text: Period after . The

entity_name: Plate reconstruction

text: reconstruction

text: is derived from the observation that palaeomagnetic poles converge to quasi-static positions for long intervals between ~2.7–2.2, 1.5–1.25, and  with only small peripheral modifications to the reconstruction. During the intervening periods, the poles conform to a unified apparent polar wander path. Because this model shows that exceptional demands on the paleomagnetic data are satisfied by prolonged quasi-integrity, it must be regarded as superseding the first model proposing multiple diverse continents, although the first phase (Protopangea) essentially incorporates

entity_name: Vaalbara

text: Vaalbara

text: and

entity_name: Kenorland

text: Kenorland

text: of the first model. The explanation for the prolonged duration of the Protopangea-Paleopangea supercontinent appears to be that Lid Tectonics (comparable to the tectonics operating on Mars and Venus) prevailed during

entity_name: Precambrian

text: Precambrian

text: times. Plate Tectonics as seen on the contemporary Earth became dominant only during the latter part of geological times.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Plate Tectonics as seen on the contemporary Earth became dominant only during the latter part of geological times.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics as seen on the contemporary Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Precambrian times

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Precambrian times

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the second model based on?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multiple diverse continents,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: break-up during the Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: break-up during the Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: (Protopangea)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: break-up during the Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: multiple diverse continents,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: (Protopangea)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multiple diverse continents,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Lid Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacaran Period

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: <unk>2.7–2.2, 1.5–1.25,

text: Some early models of plate tectonics envisioned the plates riding on top of convection cells like conveyor belts. However, most scientists working today believe that the asthenosphere does not directly cause motion by the friction of such basal forces. The North American Plate is nowhere being subducted, yet it is in motion. Likewise the African, Eurasian and Antarctic Plates. The subducting slabs around the Pacific Ring of Fire cool down the Earth and its Core-mantle boundary, around the African Plate the upwelling mantle plumes from the Core-mantle boundary produce rifting. The overall driving force for plate motion and its energy source remain subjects of ongoing research.

text: Some early models of

entity_name: Plate tectonics

text: plate tectonics

text: envisioned the plates riding on top of convection cells like

entity_name: Conveyor belt

text: conveyor belt

text: s. However, most scientists working today believe that the

entity_name: Asthenosphere

text: asthenosphere

text: does not directly cause motion by the

entity_name: Friction

text: friction

text: of such basal forces. The

entity_name: North American Plate

text: North American Plate

text: is nowhere being

entity_name: Subduction

text: subducted

text: , yet it is in motion. Likewise the

entity_name: African Plate

text: African

entity_name: Eurasian Plate

text: Eurasian

text: and

entity_name: Antarctic Plate

text: Antarctic Plate

text: s. The subducting slabs around the

entity_name: Ring of Fire

text: Pacific Ring of Fire

text: cool down the Earth and its

entity_name: Core–mantle boundary

text: Core-mantle boundary

text: , around the African Plate the upwelling mantle plumes from the Core-mantle boundary produce

entity_name: Rift

text: rifting

text: . The overall driving force for plate motion and its energy source remain subjects of ongoing research.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pacific Ring of Fire

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The North American Plate is nowhere being subducted, yet it is in motion

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subducting slabs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pacific Ring of Fire

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pacific Ring of Fire

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: African, Eurasian and Antarctic Plates.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Core-mantle boundary,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The North American Plate is nowhere being subducted, yet it is in motion.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: conveyor belts.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: motion.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Some early models of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subducted,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pacific Ring of Fire

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: convection cells

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: rifting.

text: Earth has an outer shell made of a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates floating on a solid convective mantle above a liquid core. The mantle's flow is driven by the descent of cold tectonic plates during subduction and the complementary ascent of plumes of hot material from lower levels. The surface of the earth reflects stretching, thickening and bending of the tectonic plates as they interact.

text: Earth has an outer shell made of a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates floating on a solid convective mantle above a liquid core. The mantle's flow is driven by the descent of cold tectonic plates during subduction and the complementary ascent of plumes of hot material from lower levels. The surface of the earth reflects stretching, thickening and bending of the tectonic plates as they interact.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a liquid core

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The surface of the earth reflects stretching, thickening and bending of the tectonic plates as they interact.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subduction occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cold tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why are prokaryoes more common?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was super fast.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: liquid core

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a solid convective mantle above a liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: descent of cold tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The surface of the earth reflects stretching, thickening and bending

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a solid convective mantle above a liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cold tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: convective mantle above a liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: a solid convective mantle above a liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: a number of discrete, moving tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: liquid core.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hot material

text: Hypercyclic morphogenesis refers to the emergence of a higher order of self-reproducing structure or organization or hierarchy within a system, first introduced by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. in 1991 (Chap. 12).  It involves combining the idea of the hypercycle, an idea due to Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979) with that of morphogenesis, an idea due to D’Arcy W.Thompson (1917).  The hypercycle involves the problem in biochemistry of molecules combining in a self-reacting group that is able to stay together, posited by Eigen and Schuster as the foundation for the emergence of multi-cellular organisms.  Thompson saw morphogenesis as a central part of the development of an organism as cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows.  Alan Turing (1952) would study the chemistry and mathematics involved in such a process, which would also be studied mathematically by René Thom (1972) in his formulation of catastrophe theory.

text: Hypercyclic morphogenesis refers to the emergence of a higher order of self-reproducing structure or organization or hierarchy within a system, first introduced by

text: J. Barkley Rosser, Jr.

text: in 1991 (Chap. 12).  It involves combining the idea of the hypercycle, an idea due to

text: Manfred Eigen

text: and

text: Peter Schuster

text: (1979) with that of

text: morphogenesis

text: , an idea due to D’Arcy W.Thompson (1917).  The hypercycle involves the problem in biochemistry of molecules combining in a self-reacting group that is able to stay together, posited by Eigen and Schuster as the foundation for the emergence of multi-cellular organisms.  Thompson saw morphogenesis as a central part of the development of an organism as cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows.

text: Alan Turing

text: (1952) would study the chemistry and mathematics involved in such a process, which would also be studied mathematically by

text: René Thom

text: (1972) in his formulation of

text: catastrophe theory

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Manfred Eigen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Manfred Eigen

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: D’Arcy W. Thompson

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thompson saw morphogenesis as a central part of the development of an organism as cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molecules combine

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: hypercycle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molecules combining in a self-reacting group

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cell differentiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Hypercyclic morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecules

text: In contrast to the general notion of early earth's reducing atmosphere, researchers at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York reported the possibility of oxygen available around 4.3 billion years ago. Their study reported in 2011 on the assessment of Hadean zircons from the earth's interior (magma) indicated the presence of oxygen traces similar to modern-day lavas. This study suggests that oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

text: In contrast to the general notion of early earth's reducing atmosphere, researchers at the

text: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

text: in New York reported the possibility of oxygen available around 4.3 billion years ago. Their study reported in 2011 on the assessment of Hadean

text: zircons

text: from the earth's interior (

text: magma

text: ) indicated the presence of oxygen traces similar to modern-day lavas. This study suggests that oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: magma is released

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is not possible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: (magma)

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In contrast to the general notion of early earth's reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 4.3

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen could have been released in the earth's atmosphere earlier than generally believed.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: (magma)

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Hadean zircons

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Evidence suggests that life on Earth has existed for about 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, and based on these observations, theories on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a primordial single cell organism from which all life originates. There are many different hypotheses regarding the path that might have been taken from simple organic molecules via pre-cellular life to protocells and metabolism.

text: Evidence suggests that

text: life on Earth

text: has existed for about 3.7

text: billion

text: years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, and based on these observations, theories on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a primordial single cell organism from which all life originates. There are many different hypotheses regarding the path that might have been taken from simple

text: organic molecule

text: s via pre-cellular life to protocells and metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: simple organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: primordial single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a primordial single cell organism dies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.7 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.7 billion years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.7 billion years

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: hypotheses on the origin of life

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.7 billion years

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: simple organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.7 billion years.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 3.7 billion years. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecules

text: The Ancients were also called Soarers for their common appearance in the air.When connected to the world life force web, especially the ley lines, talented humans such as Alucius (Scepters) and Mykella (Lady-Protector) could also soar (levitate).

text: The Ancients were also called Soarers for their common appearance in the air.When connected to the world life force web, especially the ley lines, talented humans such as Alucius (Scepters) and Mykella (Lady-Protector) could also soar (levitate).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Alucius

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not connected to the web

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Alucius (Scepters) and Mykella

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers for their common appearance

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Scepters

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Ancients have a common appearance in the air?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in the early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life force web,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: air.When connected to the world life force web,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: world life force web, especially the ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Soarers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Soarers

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Soarers

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: air.When connected to the world life force web, especially the ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Alucius (Scepters) and Mykella

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ancients were also called Soarers

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ley lines,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Lady-Protector)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life force web,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (levitate).

text: Much of Venus' surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity. Overall, Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth, and it possesses some 167 giant volcanoes that are over  across. The only volcanic complex of this size on Earth is the Big Island of Hawaii. However, this is not because Venus is more volcanically active than Earth, but because its crust is older. Earth's crust is continually recycled by subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates, and has an average age of about 100 million years, while Venus' surface is estimated to be about 500 million years old.Venusian craters range from  to  in diameter. There are no craters smaller than 3 km, because of the effects of the dense atmosphere on incoming objects. Objects with less than a certain kinetic energy are slowed down so much by the atmosphere that they do not create an impact crater.

text: Much of Venus' surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity. Overall, Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth, and it possesses some 167 giant volcanoes that are over  across. The only volcanic complex of this size on Earth is the

text: Big Island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: . However, this is not because Venus is more volcanically active than Earth, but because its crust is older. Earth's crust is continually recycled by

text: subduction

text: at the boundaries of

text: tectonic plate

text: s, and has an average age of about 100 million years, while Venus' surface is estimated to be about 500 million years old.Venusian craters range from  to  in diameter. There are no craters smaller than 3 km, because of the effects of the dense atmosphere on incoming objects. Objects with less than a certain

text: kinetic energy

text: are slowed down so much by the atmosphere that they do not create an impact crater.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's crust is continually recycled by subduction

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 167 giant volcanoes that are over across?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have an average age of about 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust is recycled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How old is Earth's crust?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many times as many volcanoes does Venus have?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Earth's crust first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How old is the Earth's crust?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How old is Earth's crust?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus'

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 500 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 500 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 167 giant volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 100 million years,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 100 million years, while Venus'

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Venus'

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 167 giant volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 167 giant volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Venus has several times as many volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Venus'

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: craters

text: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics began by vertical movement of the lithosphere, rather than the modern horizontal tectonics. This theory rejects the idea of subduction and arc accretion in the formation of greenstone belts. It suggests that convective overturn due to density differences between the overlying mafic sequence (greenstone) and partially molten granitic middle crust is responsible for the observed formations.

text: There is an alternate idea that early Earth

text: plate tectonics

text: began by vertical movement of the

text: lithosphere

text: , rather than the modern horizontal tectonics. This theory rejects the idea of subduction and arc accretion in the formation of greenstone belts. It suggests that convective overturn due to density differences between the overlying mafic sequence (greenstone) and partially molten granitic middle crust is responsible for the observed formations.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mafic sequence

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: horizontal tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: this theory rejects the idea of subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mafic sequence

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: vertical movement

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the observed formations?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: greenstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: modern horizontal tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: greenstone belts.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: horizontal tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: horizontal tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: vertical movement of the lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: horizontal tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: modern horizontal tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction and arc accretion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenstone belts.

text: Studying the earliest forms of life on Earth can provide valuable information to help understand how life can evolve on other planets. It has long been hypothesized that life may have existed on Mars due to the similarity of environmental and tectonic conditions during the Archean time. By knowing the environments in which early life evolved on Earth, and the rock types that preserve them, scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

text: Studying the

text: earliest forms of life

text: on

text: Earth

text: can provide valuable information to help understand how

text: life can evolve on other planets

text: . It has long been hypothesized that

text: life may have existed on Mars

text: due to the similarity of environmental and

text: tectonic

text: conditions during the Archean time. By knowing the environments in which early life evolved on Earth, and the rock types that preserve them, scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life on Mars

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Mars has similar environmental and tectonic conditions as Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: early life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It has long been hypothesized that life may have existed

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock types

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Studying the earliest forms of life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life can evolve on other planets.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Studying the earliest forms of life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It has long been hypothesized that life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: scientists can have a better understanding of where to look for life on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: life may have existed on Mars

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earliest forms of life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic conditions during the Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: rock types

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life can evolve on other planets.

text: A spike in chromium contained in ancient rock deposits formed underwater shows they had accumulated chromium washed off from continental shelves. Chromium is not easily dissolved and its release from rocks would have required the presence of a powerful acid. One such acid, sulfuric acid, might have been created through bacterial reactions with pyrite.  Mats of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria can produce a thin layer, one or two millimeters thick, of oxygenated water in an otherwise anoxic environment even under thick ice, and before oxygen started accumulating in the atmosphere, these organisms would already be adapted to oxygen.  Additionally, the free oxygen would have reacted with atmospheric methane, a greenhouse gas, greatly reducing its concentration and triggering the Huronian glaciation, possibly the longest  episode of glaciation in Earth's history and called snowball Earth.

text: A spike in chromium contained in ancient rock deposits formed underwater shows they had accumulated chromium washed off from continental shelves. Chromium is not easily dissolved and its release from rocks would have required the presence of a powerful acid. One such acid,

text: sulfuric acid

text: , might have been created through bacterial reactions with pyrite.

text: Mats

text: of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria can produce a thin layer, one or two millimeters thick, of oxygenated water in an otherwise anoxic environment even under thick ice, and before oxygen started accumulating in the atmosphere, these organisms would already be adapted to oxygen.  Additionally, the free oxygen would have reacted with atmospheric

text: methane

text: , a

text: greenhouse gas

text: , greatly reducing its concentration and triggering the

text: Huronian glaciation

text: , possibly the longest  episode of glaciation in Earth's history and called

text: snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Uranus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: pyrite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: would have required the presence of a powerful acid

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Chromium

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Chromium is not easily dissolved and its release from rocks would have required the presence of a powerful acid

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many millimeters thick

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or chromium?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many millimeters thick

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the snowball Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mats of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anoxic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Chromium

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Huronian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: pyrite.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: chromium washed off from continental shelves.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bacterial reactions with pyrite.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Chromium is not easily dissolved

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental shelves.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A spike in chromium

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: chromium

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: continental shelves.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continental shelves.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A spike in chromium

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: reacted with atmospheric methane,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mats of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: methane,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromium

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: chromium

text: However, it was still not understood where the huge forces that moved the nappes came from. Only with the arrival of plate tectonic theory in the 1950s an explanation was found. In plate tectonics, the horizontal movement of tectonic plates over the Earth's soft asthenosphere causes horizontal forces within the crust. Presently, geologists believe most mountain chains are formed by convergent movements between tectonic plates.

text: However, it was still not understood where the huge forces that moved the nappes came from. Only with the arrival of

text: plate tectonic theory

text: in the 1950s an explanation was found. In plate tectonics, the horizontal movement of

text: tectonic plate

text: s over the Earth's soft

text: asthenosphere

text: causes horizontal forces within the crust. Presently, geologists believe most mountain chains are formed by convergent movements between tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not understood where the huge forces

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most mountain chains are formed by convergent movements between tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: horizontal movement of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: convergent movements

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: soft asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: soft asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: convergent movements between tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the horizontal movement of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: convergent movements between tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: it was still not understood where the huge forces that moved the nappes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: it was still not understood where the huge forces that moved the nappes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: plate tectonic theory in the 1950s

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: it was still not understood where the huge forces that moved the nappes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonic theory

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nappes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nappes

text: Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history. Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere, shortly after Earth's formation. Earth's second atmosphere emerged after the lighter gases, hydrogen and helium, escaped to space or like oxygen were bound up in molecules and is thought to have consisted largely of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and inert gases  produced by outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases  produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by asteroids. The production of free oxygen by cyanobacterial photosynthesis eventually led to the oxygen catastrophe that ended Earth's second atmosphere and brought about the Earth's third atmosphere (the modern atmosphere) 2.4 billion years before the present. Carbon dioxide concentrations dropped from 7,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period  about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.

text: Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history. Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere, shortly after Earth's formation. Earth's second atmosphere emerged after the lighter gases, hydrogen and helium, escaped to space or like oxygen were bound up in molecules and is thought to have consisted largely of

text: nitrogen

text: carbon dioxide

text: and inert gases  produced by outgassing from

text: volcanism

text: , supplemented by gases  produced during the

text: late heavy bombardment

text: of Earth by

text: asteroids

text: . The production of free oxygen by

text: cyanobacteria

text: l photosynthesis eventually led to the

text: oxygen catastrophe

text: that ended Earth's second atmosphere and brought about the Earth's third atmosphere (the modern atmosphere) 2.4 billion years before the present. Carbon dioxide concentrations dropped from 7,000 parts per million during the

text: Cambrian period

text: about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 parts per million during the

text: Quaternary glaciation

text: of the last two million years.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's third atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.54 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.4 billion years before the present

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacterial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2.4 billion years before the present

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's second atmosphere emerged

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterium

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cyanobacterial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: asteroids.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's formation.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 500 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: asteroids.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 7,000 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: two million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Carbon

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Carbon dioxide concentrations dropped from 7,000 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: asteroids.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Carbon dioxide is believed to have been present in Earth's first atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cyanobacterial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cyanobacterial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Carbon dioxide concentrations dropped from 7,000 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cyanobacterial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Saruman first appears in The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), which is the first volume of The Lord of the Rings.  The Lord of the Rings describes a quest to destroy the One Ring, a powerful and evil talisman created by the Dark Lord Sauron to control Middle-earth (the continent on which Tolkien's story takes place; it loosely represents the Old World in a fictional ancient era). Sauron lost the Ring in battle thousands of years before the beginning of the story, and it is now held in secret in the Shire by the hobbit Bilbo Baggins, who passes it on to Frodo Baggins, one of the story's main protagonists. Early in The Fellowship of the Ring, the wizard Gandalf describes Saruman as "the chief of my order" and head of the White Council that forced Sauron from Mirkwood at the end of Tolkien's earlier book The Hobbit. He notes Saruman's great knowledge of the magic rings created by Sauron and by the Elven-smiths. Shortly afterwards, Gandalf breaks an arrangement to meet Frodo and guide him out of the Shire to Rivendell to keep the Ring safe from Sauron's agents.

text: Saruman first appears in

text: The Fellowship of the Ring

text: (1954), which is the first volume of

text: The Lord of the Rings

text: .  The Lord of the Rings describes a quest to destroy the

text: One Ring

text: , a powerful and evil talisman created by the Dark Lord

text: Sauron

text: to control

text: Middle-earth

text: (the continent on which Tolkien's story takes place; it loosely represents the

text: Old World

text: in a fictional ancient era). Sauron lost the Ring in battle thousands of years before the beginning of the story, and it is now held in secret in

text: the Shire

text: by the

text: hobbit

text: Bilbo Baggins

text: , who passes it on to

text: Frodo Baggins

text: , one of the story's main protagonists. Early in The Fellowship of the Ring, the wizard

text: Gandalf

text: describes Saruman as "the chief of my order" and head of the

text: White Council

text: that forced Sauron from

text: Mirkwood

text: at the end of Tolkien's earlier book

text: The Hobbit

text: . He notes Saruman's great knowledge of the

text: magic rings

text: created by Sauron and by the

text: Elven

text: -smiths. Shortly afterwards, Gandalf breaks an arrangement to meet Frodo and guide him out of the Shire to

text: Rivendell

text: to keep the Ring safe from Sauron's agents.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: What is Middle-earth?

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What is Middle-earth?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Saruman first appears in The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: What is the Old World in a fictional ancient era

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Middle-earth is destroyed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Elven-smiths

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the name of the first volume of The Lord of the Rings?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did Sauron lose the Ring?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did Sauron lose the Ring in battle?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Mirkwood?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Middle-earth first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Sauron lose the ring?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ring

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Elven-smiths.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: thousands of years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: fictional ancient era). Sauron lost the Ring

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Old World

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Saruman

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Saruman's great knowledge of the magic rings

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: One Ring,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Old World

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: thousands of years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Elven-smiths.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Saruman first appears in The Fellowship of the Ring (1954),

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Saruman first appears in The Fellowship of the Ring (1954),

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: thousands of years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ring

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Saruman first appears in The Fellowship of the Ring

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Elven-smiths.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Saruman

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Elven-smiths.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: One Ring,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Saruman

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: One Ring,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Saruman

text: The International Hydrographic Organization adopted an early version of the IRM in 1983 for all nautical charts. The IRM was adopted for air navigation by the International Civil Aviation Organization on 3 March 1989. Tectonic plates slowly move over the surface of the Earth, so most countries have adopted for their maps an IRM version fixed relative to their own tectonic plate as it existed at the beginning of a specific year. Examples include the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989 (ETRF89), and the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94). Versions fixed to a tectonic plate differ from the global version by at most a few centimetres.

text: The

text: International Hydrographic Organization

text: adopted an early version of the IRM in 1983 for all nautical charts. The IRM was adopted for air navigation by the

entity_name: International Civil Aviation Organization

text: International Civil Aviation Organization

text: on 3 March 1989.

text: Tectonic plate

text: s slowly move over the surface of the Earth, so most countries have adopted for their maps an IRM version fixed relative to their own tectonic plate as it existed at the beginning of a specific year. Examples include the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989 (ETRF89), and the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94). Versions fixed to a tectonic plate differ from the global version by at most a few centimetres.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3 March 1989

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The IRM was adopted for air navigation by the International Civil Aviation Organization on 3 March 1989

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Tectonic plates move over the surface of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nautical charts

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the IRM adopted for air navigation by the International Civil Aviation Organization?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many centimetres

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after the IRM was adopted for air navigation by the International Civil Aviation Organization?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after the International Hydrographic Organization adopted an early version of the IRM did the International Civil Aviation Organization adopt an early version of the IRM?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: did the International Hydrographic Organization adopted an early version of the IRM in 1983 for all nautical charts

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1989. Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1989.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Tectonic plates slowly move over the surface of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 March 1989. Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1989.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The International Hydrographic Organization

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a few centimetres.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The International Hydrographic Organization

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1989.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 1989.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The International Hydrographic Organization

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1989.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The International Hydrographic Organization

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The International Hydrographic Organization

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: IRM

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: a few centimetres.

text: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics. Tectonic plates slide very slowly over the Earth's mantle, a lower place of rock that is heated from the Earth's interior. Several huge sections of the earth’s crust are impelled by heat currents in the mantle, producing tremendous forces that can buckle the material at the edges of the plates to form mountains. Usually one plate is forced underneath the other, and the lower plate is slowly absorbed by the mantle. Where the two plates pass one another, heated rock from the mantle can burst through the crust to form volcanoes. The movement of the plates against one another can also cause earthquakes.

text: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of

text: plate tectonics

text: Tectonic plate

text: s slide very slowly over the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: mantle

text: , a lower place of rock that is heated from the Earth's interior. Several huge sections of the earth’s crust are impelled by heat currents in the mantle, producing tremendous forces that can buckle the material at the edges of the plates to form

text: mountain

text: s. Usually one plate is forced underneath the other, and the lower plate is slowly absorbed by the mantle. Where the two plates pass one another, heated

text: rock

text: from the mantle can burst through the

text: crust

text: to form

text: volcano

text: es. The movement of the plates against one another can also cause

text: earthquake

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Tectonic plates slide

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The movement of the plates against one another can also cause earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates slide over the mantle

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a form of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Tectonic plates slide very slowly over the Earth's mantle,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: volcanoes.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The movement of the plates against one another can also cause earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mountain chains

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: slowly

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mountain chains are typically formed by the process of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mantle,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: volcanoes.

text: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres, suitable for short duration missions, to minimize weight and complexity.

text: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres, suitable for short duration missions, to minimize weight and complexity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 100 percent oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: astronauts

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a source of oxygen: Mercury, Gemini and Apollo?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: suitable for short duration missions, to minimize weight and complexity.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 100% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft contained 100% oxygen atmospheres,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 100% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: American Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: It was, however, regarded with some veneration by the ancient Romans, and the story most often repeated is that told by Livy: Rome was facing a peril which an oracle had stated would be overcome only when the City threw into the chasm what she held to be most dear. A young horseman named Marcus Curtius (a member of the Curtia Gens), saved the city: He understood that it was the life of a brave Roman youth that the Romans held most dear, and therefore plunged into it in full armour on his horse, whereupon the earth closed over him and Rome was saved.

text: It was, however, regarded with some veneration by the ancient Romans, and the story most often repeated is that told by

text: Livy

text: Rome

text: was facing a peril which an

text: oracle

text: had stated would be overcome only when the City threw into the chasm what she held to be most dear. A young horseman named

text: Marcus Curtius

text: (a member of the

text: Curtia Gens

text: ), saved the city: He understood that it was the life of a brave Roman youth that the Romans held most dear, and therefore plunged into it in full armour on his horse, whereupon the earth closed over him and Rome was saved.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rome

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Marcus Curtius?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Marcus Curtius was a member of the Curtia Gens

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth moves

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: horseman

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did Marcus Curtius save the city?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rome

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: brave Roman youth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the earth closed over him and Rome was saved.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: regarded with some veneration by the ancient Romans,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the earth closed over him and Rome was saved.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Marcus Curtius

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: regarded with some veneration by the ancient Romans,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: regarded with some veneration by the ancient Romans,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the earth closed over him and Rome was saved.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Livy:

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the earth closed

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Curtia Gens),

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Curtia Gens),

text: The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.

text: The Antarctic Plate is a

text: tectonic plate

text: containing the

text: continent

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: and extending outward under the surrounding

text: ocean

text: s. After breakup from

text: Gondwana

text: (the southern part of the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangea

text: ), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional

text: mid-ocean ridge

text: systems. The adjoining plates are the

text: Nazca Plate

text: , the

text: South American Plate

text: , the

text: African Plate

text: , the

text: Indo-Australian Plate

text: , the

text: Pacific Plate

text: , and, across a

text: transform boundary

text: , the

text: Scotia Plate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many plates does the Antarctic Plate contain?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did Pangea have?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many plates does the Antarctic Plate contain?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many plates are adjacent to the Antarctic Plate?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: gondwana

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: colder climate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: extensional mid-ocean ridge systems.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup from Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangea),

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea),

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: breakup from Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Antarctic Plate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Antarctica and extending outward under the surrounding oceans.

text: The processes of life result in a mixture of chemicals that are not in chemical equilibrium but there are also abiotic disequilibrium processes that need to be considered. The most robust atmospheric biosignature is often considered to be molecular oxygen () and its photochemical byproduct ozone (). The photolysis of water () by UV rays followed by hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen can lead to a build-up of oxygen in planets close to their star undergoing runaway greenhouse effect. For planets in the habitable zone, it was thought that water photolysis would be strongly limited by cold-trapping of water vapour in the lower atmosphere. However, the extent of HO cold-trapping depends strongly on the amount of non-condensible gases in the atmosphere such as nitrogen N and argon. In the absence of such gases, the likelihood of build-up of oxygen also depends in complex ways on the planet's accretion history, internal chemistry, atmospheric dynamics, and orbital state. Therefore, oxygen, on its own, cannot be considered a robust biosignature. The ratio of nitrogen and argon to oxygen could be detected by studying thermal phase curves or by transit transmission spectroscopy measurement of the spectral Rayleigh scattering slope in a clear-sky (i.e. aerosol-free) atmosphere.

text: The processes of life result in a mixture of chemicals that are not in

text: chemical equilibrium

text: but there are also abiotic disequilibrium processes that need to be considered. The most robust atmospheric

text: biosignature

text: is often considered to be molecular

text: oxygen

text: () and its

text: photochemical

text: byproduct

text: ozone

text: (). The

text: photolysis

text: of water () by

text: UV rays

text: followed by

text: hydrodynamic escape

text: of hydrogen can lead to a build-up of oxygen in planets close to their star undergoing

text: runaway greenhouse effect

text: . For planets in the

text: habitable zone

text: , it was thought that water photolysis would be strongly limited by

text: cold-trapping

text: of water vapour in the lower atmosphere. However, the extent of HO cold-trapping depends strongly on the amount of non-

text: condensible

text: gases in the atmosphere such as

text: nitrogen

text: N and

text: argon

text: . In the absence of such gases, the likelihood of build-up of oxygen also depends in complex ways on the planet's accretion history, internal chemistry, atmospheric dynamics, and orbital state. Therefore, oxygen, on its own, cannot be considered a robust biosignature. The ratio of nitrogen and argon to oxygen could be detected by studying

text: thermal

text: phase curves

text: or by

text: transit

text: transmission spectroscopy measurement of the spectral

text: Rayleigh scattering

text: slope in a clear-sky (i.e.

text: aerosol

text: -free) atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Oceania

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could be considered a robust biosignature

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: by UV rays

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen, on its own, cannot be considered a robust biosignature

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not in chemical equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: accretion occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: abiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most robust atmospheric biosignature?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: photochemical byproduct

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: runaway greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: abiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: star

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: life result in a mixture of chemicals that are not in chemical equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: UV rays

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen, on its own, cannot be considered a robust biosignature.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a mixture of chemicals that are not in chemical equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: accretion

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: life result in a mixture of chemicals that are not in chemical equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: abiotic disequilibrium processes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life result in a mixture of chemicals that are not in chemical equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: accretion

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: accretion history,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: photochemical byproduct ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: nitrogen N and argon.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photolysis of water

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ozone

text: Followers of Gaianism state that the term is based both in the felt connection and scientific understanding of the biosphere, which is given the name Gaia.  The namesake titan from Greek mythology is the mother all beings, both god and animal, born from her union with the sky (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus). Gaians believe that naming the biosphere Gaia helps encourage practitioners and others to see the living planet as an organism with an intrinsic personality that expresses itself through evolution. Gaianism's philosophy stems from James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis, which proposes that organisms interact with their surroundings on earth to form a more complex and self-regulating system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet. Gaia can be understood as a super-organism made of organisms, as multi-cellular life can be understood as a super-organism at a smaller level of scale.

text: Followers of Gaianism state that the term is based both in the felt connection and scientific understanding of the biosphere, which is given the name

text: Gaia

text: .  The namesake

text: titan

text: from

text: Greek mythology

text: is the mother all beings, both god and animal, born from her union with the sky (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus). Gaians believe that naming the

text: biosphere

text: Gaia helps encourage practitioners and others to see the living planet as an organism with an intrinsic personality that expresses itself through

text: evolution

text: . Gaianism's philosophy stems from

text: James Lovelock's

text: Gaia hypothesis

text: , which proposes that organisms interact with their surroundings on earth to form a more complex and self-regulating system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet. Gaia can be understood as a super-organism made of organisms, as multi-cellular life can be understood as a super-organism at a smaller level of scale.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: through evolution

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Gaianism's philosophy stems from James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organisms interact with their surroundings on Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: titan

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: sky (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Gaia can be understood as a super-organism

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: sky (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Followers of Gaianism

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gaia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Gaia.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Followers of Gaianism

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Gaia.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Uranus) and the sea (Pontus).

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: evolution.

text: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on the Earth's surface with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: major (or primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates (or tertiary plates).

text: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on the Earth's surface with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: major (or primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates (or tertiary plates).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: tertiary

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: major plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: major (or primary) plates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: major (or primary) plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: major (or primary) plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: major (or primary)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: tertiary plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: minor (or secondary) plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: minor (or secondary) plates

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: roughly definable boundaries.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: major (or primary)

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microplates

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates

text: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

text: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The book was written by a woman

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are the earliest organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rocks are pushed together

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of rock?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of rock?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science) (2006)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no longer any prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Rocks (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Rocks

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Rocks

text: The term "geophysiology" was popularized by James Lovelock in his writings on the Gaia hypothesis. The term was in fact foreshadowed by many others.  James Hutton (1726-1797), the "Father of Geology" in 1789, in a lecture presented on his behalf by Dr. Black, wrote "I consider the Earth to be a super-organism and that its proper study should be by physiology."  This view that the Earth in some ways could be viewed as a superorganism was widely held in the early 19th century, and was supported even by such early biologists as Huxley (1825-1895), but is disputed today.  An analogous alternative geophysiology which views the Earth as a single cell was developed by Lewis Thomas in his The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (1974).

text: The term "geophysiology" was popularized by

text: James Lovelock

text: in his writings on the

text: Gaia hypothesis

text: . The term was in fact foreshadowed by many others.

text: James Hutton

text: (1726-1797), the "Father of Geology" in 1789, in a lecture presented on his behalf by Dr. Black, wrote "I consider the Earth to be a super-organism and that its proper study should be by physiology."  This view that the Earth in some ways could be viewed as a

text: superorganism

text: was widely held in the early 19th century, and was supported even by such early biologists as

text: Huxley

text: (1825-1895), but is disputed today.  An analogous alternative geophysiology which views the Earth as a single cell was developed by

text: Lewis Thomas

text: in his The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (1974).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is disputed today

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: super-organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This view that the Earth in some ways could be viewed as a superorganism was widely held in the early 19th century

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: is disputed today

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1825

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: superorganism

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could the Earth be viewed as a superorganism?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the Gaia hypothesis was popularized?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: superorganism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a single cell

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: super-organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cell:

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: but is disputed today.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a single cell

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cell:

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The term "geophysiology"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The term "geophysiology"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: disputed today.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gaia hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gaia hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gaia hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: disputed today.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: James Hutton

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: disputed today.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: James Hutton (1726-1797),

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: super-organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Gaia hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: super-organism

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: super-organism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cell:

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The term "geophysiology"

text: The early Henry Halstead Orchestra during the early 1920s was enormously successful at the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco for about three years.  This was the early days of radio, and he had the good fortune to broadcast over the very powerful (for those days) KGO in San Francisco.  He was "on" for about an hour a night, six nights a week.  As a consequence, his band became the best known organization in the western United States and Hawaii.

text: The early Henry Halstead Orchestra during the early 1920s was enormously successful at the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco for about three years.  This was the early days of radio, and he had the good fortune to broadcast over the very powerful (for those days) KGO in San Francisco.  He was "on" for about an hour a night, six nights a week.  As a consequence, his band became the best known organization in the western United States and Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: KGO in San Francisco

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: KGO is a radio station

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: radio

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the band become the best known organization in the western United States and Hawaii?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Henry Halstead Orchestra perform?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 1920s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: an hour a night, six nights a week.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: his band became the best known organization in the western United States and Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1920s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: six nights a week.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early days of radio,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: three years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: KGO in San Francisco.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: three years. This was the early days of radio,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early days of radio,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: KGO in San Francisco.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: three years.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early days of radio,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: an hour a night, six nights a week.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The early Henry Halstead Orchestra during the early 1920s

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early days of radio,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The early Henry Halstead Orchestra

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The early Henry Halstead Orchestra during the early 1920s

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: radio,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: an hour a night, six nights a week.

text: The appearance of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets is related to planetary mass, with more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics. Earth may be a borderline case, owing its tectonic activity to abundant water  (silica and water form a deep eutectic.)

text: The appearance of plate tectonics on

text: terrestrial planet

text: s is related to planetary mass, with

text: more massive planets than Earth

text: expected to exhibit plate tectonics. Earth may be a borderline case, owing its tectonic activity to abundant water  (silica and water form a deep

text: eutectic

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: more massive planets

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may be a borderline case

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: (silica

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: abundant water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: planetary mass,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: terrestrial planets

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: planetary mass,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: planetary mass,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth may be a borderline case,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: terrestrial planets

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The appearance of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: The Chaman Fault is a major, active geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan that runs for over 850 km.   Tectonically, it is actually a system of related geologic faults that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate. It is a terrestrial, primarily transform, left-lateral strike-slip fault.  The slippage rate along the Chaman fault system as the Indo-Australian Plate moves northward (relative to the Eurasian Plate) has been estimated at 10 mm/yr or more. In addition to its primary transform aspect, the Chaman fault system has a compressional component as the Indian Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate.  This type of plate boundary is sometimes called a transpressional boundary.

text: The Chaman Fault is a major, active

text: geological fault

text: in Pakistan and

text: Afghanistan

text: that runs for over 850 km.

text: Tectonically

text: , it is actually a system of related geologic faults that separates the

text: Eurasian Plate

text: from the

text: Indo-Australian Plate

text: . It is a terrestrial, primarily

text: transform

text: left-lateral

text: strike-slip fault.  The slippage rate along the Chaman fault system as the Indo-Australian Plate moves northward (relative to the Eurasian Plate) has been estimated at 10 mm/yr or more. In addition to its primary transform aspect, the Chaman fault system has a

text: compressional component

text: as the

text: Indian Plate

text: is colliding with the Eurasian Plate.  This type of plate boundary is sometimes called a transpressional boundary.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-Australian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Indo-Australian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Indo-Australian Plate

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Chaman Fault is a major, active geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Chaman Fault separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eurasian Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Eurasian Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How fast is mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was the first continent on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What type of plate boundary is sometimes called a compressional boundary?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tectonic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: transpressional boundary.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 10 mm/yr

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Chaman fault system has a compressional component

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic faults that separates the Eurasian Plate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: terrestrial,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: transpressional boundary.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 10 mm/yr

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 10 mm/yr

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: transpressional boundary.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: terrestrial,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Indo-Australian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Chaman Fault

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: transpressional boundary.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Chaman Fault

text: The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn, which is formed as much in Paleozoic times as nowadays by the convergence of two great air-masses, the Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell. In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions.

text: The continent

text: Euramerica

text: (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of

text: Laurentia

text: and

text: Baltica

text: , which rotated into the natural dry zone along the

text: Tropic of Capricorn

text: , which is formed as much in Paleozoic times as nowadays by the convergence of two great air-masses, the

text: Hadley cell

text: and the

text: Ferrel cell

text: . In these near-deserts, the

text: Old Red Sandstone

text: sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (

text: hematite

text: ) characteristic of drought conditions.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two great air-masses

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Laurentia and Baltica collide?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Euramerica created?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidized iron

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Laurentia and Baltica,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Devonian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two great air-masses,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: convergence of two great air-masses,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic times

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: convergence of two great air-masses,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The continent Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The continent Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laurentia and Baltica,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleozoic times

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The continent Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The continent Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Paleozoic times

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: (hematite)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The continent Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air-masses,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Hadley cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxidized iron

text: In 1999, NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth Working Group (IDEW), due to its reputation for technology innovations and its focus on the study of planetary change.  The new initiative was located in the NASA’s Office of Earth Sciences. This titular focus was considered necessary to help align over 17 government agencies and keep sustainability and Earth oriented applications as a guiding principle for the Digital Earth enterprise. Components for development of 3-D Earth graphic-user-interfaces (GUIs) were placed into various technological sectors to stimulate cooperative development support.  While initially limited to government personnel, industry and academia were early observers attending IDEW workshops to discuss topics such as, visualization, information fusion, standards and interoperability, advanced computational algorithms, digital libraries and museums.  In March 2000, at a special IDEW meeting hosted by Oracle Corporation in Herndon, Virginia, industry representatives demonstrated several promising 3-D visualization prototypes.  Within two years, these were captivating international audiences, including Kofi Annan and Colin Powell, in government, business, science, and mass media who began to purchase the early commercial geo-browsers. Just as the spectacular Apollo photography of Earthrise provided an inspiring Earth-centric image for new generations to appreciate the fragility of our biosphere, the 3-D Digital Earths began inspiring growing numbers of people to the possibility of better understanding and possibly saving our planet.  Introduction of satellite data into commercially accessible spatial toolboxes significantly advanced the capacity to map, monitor, and manage our planet’s resources and provide a unifying perspective on the Digital Earth vision.

text: In 1999, NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth Working Group (IDEW), due to its reputation for technology innovations and its focus on the study of planetary change.  The new initiative was located in the NASA’s Office of

text: Earth Sciences

text: . This titular focus was considered necessary to help align over 17 government agencies and keep sustainability and Earth oriented applications as a guiding principle for the Digital Earth enterprise. Components for development of 3-D Earth graphic-user-interfaces (GUIs) were placed into various technological sectors to stimulate cooperative development support.  While initially limited to government personnel, industry and academia were early observers attending IDEW workshops to discuss topics such as, visualization,

text: information fusion

text: , standards and interoperability, advanced computational algorithms,

text: digital libraries

text: and museums.  In March 2000, at a special IDEW meeting hosted by

text: Oracle Corporation

text: in

text: Herndon, Virginia

text: , industry representatives demonstrated several promising 3-D visualization prototypes.  Within two years, these were captivating international audiences, including

text: Kofi Annan

text: and

text: Colin Powell

text: , in government, business, science, and

text: mass media

text: who began to purchase the early commercial geo-browsers. Just as the

text: spectacular Apollo photography of Earthrise

text: provided an inspiring Earth-centric image for new generations to appreciate the fragility of our biosphere, the 3-D Digital Earths began inspiring growing numbers of people to the possibility of better understanding and possibly saving our planet.  Introduction of satellite data into commercially accessible spatial toolboxes significantly advanced the capacity to map, monitor, and manage our planet’s resources and provide a unifying perspective on the Digital Earth vision.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: In 1999, NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 3D Earth graphic-user-interfaces

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Kofi Annan and Colin Powell, in government, business, science, and mass media who began to purchase the early commercial geo-browsers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What did the Interagency Digital Earth Working Group study?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Which organisms were the first to photosynthesize?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did mantle convection start?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after the Interagency Digital Earth Working Group (IDEW) meeting was hosted by Oracle Corporation in Herndon, Virginia?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many government agencies were involved in the IDEW?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What was the first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the special IDEW meeting hosted by Oracle Corporation in Herndon, Virginia, industry representatives demonstrated several promising 3-D visualization prototypes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Glucose

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earthrise

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth Working Group

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fragility of our biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: toolboxes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Introduction of satellite data into commercially accessible spatial toolboxes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary change.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: (IDEW),

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Interagency Digital Earth Working Group (IDEW),

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: (IDEW),

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth Working Group

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: satellite data into commercially accessible spatial toolboxes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: NASA was selected to head a new Interagency Digital Earth Working Group

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: saving our planet.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: NASA’s Office of Earth Sciences.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: satellite data into commercially accessible spatial toolboxes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: fragility of our biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2000,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Apollo photography

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biosphere,

text: More recent results may question these conclusions. The University of Waterloo and University of Colorado conducted simulations in 2005 that indicated that the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying a much more hospitable environment for the formation of prebiotic organic molecules. The escape of hydrogen from Earth's atmosphere into space may have occurred at only one percent of the rate previously believed based on revised estimates of the upper atmosphere's temperature. One of the authors, Owen Toon notes: "In this new scenario, organics can be produced efficiently in the early atmosphere, leading us back to the organic-rich soup-in-the-ocean concept... I think this study makes the experiments by Miller and others relevant again." Outgassing calculations using a chondritic model for the early earth complement the Waterloo/Colorado results in re-establishing the importance of the Miller–Urey experiment.

text: More recent results may question these conclusions. The University of Waterloo and University of Colorado conducted simulations in 2005 that indicated that the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying a much more hospitable environment for the formation of prebiotic organic molecules. The escape of hydrogen from Earth's atmosphere into space may have occurred at only one percent of the rate previously believed based on revised estimates of the upper atmosphere's temperature. One of the authors, Owen Toon notes: "In this new scenario, organics can be produced efficiently in the early atmosphere, leading us back to the organic-rich soup-in-the-ocean concept... I think this study makes the experiments by Miller and others relevant again." Outgassing calculations using a chondritic model for the early earth complement the Waterloo/Colorado results in re-establishing the importance of the Miller–Urey experiment.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrocarbons

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 40 percent hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: outgassing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The escape of hydrogen from Earth's atmosphere into space may have occurred at only one percent of the rate previously believed

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prebiotic organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The escape of hydrogen from Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts from the ocean

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the recent results?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Outgassing

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chondritic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Outgassing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early atmosphere of Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: More recent results may question these conclusions.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: More recent results may question these conclusions.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: More recent results may question these conclusions.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the early atmosphere of Earth could have contained up to 40 percent hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic organic molecules.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Outgassing

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen—implying

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hydrogen—implying

text: After his Nobel prize award, Edelman began research into the regulation of primary cellular processes, particularly the control of cell growth and the development of multi-celled organisms, focussing on cell-to-cell interactions in early embryonic development and in the formation and function of the nervous system. These studies led to the discovery of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which guide the fundamental processes that help an animal achieve its shape and form, and by which nervous systems are built. One of the most significant discoveries made in this research is that the precursor gene for the neural cell adhesion molecule gave rise in evolution to the entire molecular system of adaptive immunity.

text: After his Nobel prize award, Edelman began research into the regulation of primary

text: cellular process

text: es, particularly the control of cell growth and the development of

text: multi-celled organism

text: s, focussing on cell-to-cell interactions in early

text: embryonic development

text: and in the formation and function of the nervous system. These studies led to the discovery of

text: cell adhesion molecules

text: (CAMs), which guide the fundamental processes that help an animal achieve its shape and form, and by which nervous systems are built. One of the most significant discoveries made in this research is that the precursor

text: gene

text: for the neural cell adhesion molecule gave rise in evolution to the entire molecular system of

text: adaptive immunity

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: embryonic development

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell-to-cell interactions

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Edelman began research into the regulation of primary cellular processes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cell adhesion molecules guide the fundamental processes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the abbreviation for DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: precursor gene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: embryonic development

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell-to-cell interactions

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the control of cell growth and the development of multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early embryonic development

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Edelman began research into the regulation of primary cellular processes,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cell growth and the development of multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Edelman began research into the regulation of primary cellular processes,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell adhesion molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cell adhesion molecules

text: The lost city of Arkadia (named for Arcadia) resembles a small Alderson Disk, and is home to an ancient civilization which escaped a Great Cataclysm in the ancient past by relocating deep within the Earth's crust. Unaware that life continued on the Earth's surface, and hoping to keep their people safe, the elders sealed all records of their past in the city's Archives.

text: The

text: lost city

text: of Arkadia (named for

text: Arcadia

text: ) resembles a small

text: Alderson Disk

text: , and is home to an ancient civilization which escaped a Great

text: Cataclysm

text: in the ancient past by relocating deep within the Earth's crust. Unaware that life continued on the Earth's surface, and hoping to keep their people safe, the elders sealed all records of their past in the city's Archives.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Alderson

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Arcadia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The elders sealed all records of their past in the city's Archives.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: deep within the Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust breaks apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the elders seal all records of their past?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Alderson Disk

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the elders sealed all records of their past in the city's Archives.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: deep within the Earth's crust.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life continued on the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: small Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: life continued on the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life continued on the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Cataclysm

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: crust.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Alderson Disk,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Alderson Disk,

text: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though air. Air is a mixture of different molecules, including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Anything falling through air hits these molecules and therefore slows down. The amount of drag on a capsule depends on many things, including the density of the air, and the shape, mass, diameter and roughness of the capsule. The speed of a space craft highly depends on the combined effect of the two forces — gravity, which can speed up a rocket, and drag, which will slow down the rocket. Space capsules entering Earth’s atmosphere will be considerably slowed because our atmosphere is so thick.

text: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though

text: air

text: . Air is a mixture of different

text: molecules

text: , including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Anything falling through air hits these molecules and therefore slows down. The amount of drag on a capsule depends on many things, including the

text: density

text: of the air, and the shape, mass, diameter and roughness of the capsule. The speed of a space craft highly depends on the combined effect of the two forces — gravity, which can speed up a rocket, and drag, which will slow down the rocket. Space capsules entering Earth’s atmosphere will be considerably slowed because our atmosphere is so thick.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: will be considerably slowed because our atmosphere is so thick

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The amount of drag on a capsule depends on many things

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: do not exist

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s atmosphere is thick

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a factor in the amount of drag on a capsule?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not true of the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not an element of air: nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thick.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Space capsules entering Earth’s atmosphere will be considerably slowed

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though air.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though air.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though air.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Drag is the space capsule’s resistance to it being pushed though air.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: thick.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: gravity, which can speed up a rocket,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Drag

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Drag is the space capsule’s

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide.

text: True polar wander represents the shift in the geographical poles relative to Earth’s surface, after accounting for the motion of the tectonic plates. This motion is caused by the rearrangement of the mantle and the crust in order to align the maximum inertia with the current rotation axis (fig.1). This is similar to a spinning top; when its rotation is disturbed, it slowly recovers and it will realign its rotation axis to its position of maximum inertia. The difference is that unlike Earth, the spinning top’s mass distribution is constant through its volume over time. Evidence for true polar wander has been observed from the study of large apparent polar wander datasets which, when corrected for the motion of the magnetic pole, display this polar wander. Modern polar wander can be evaluated from precise measurement using stars or satellite measurements, however filtering to remove the wobble of the Earth is required. The formation of supercontinents could initiate a faster polar wander. That is, because the supercontinent creates an extra mass concentration where they are located, the planet tries to re-orient the supercontinent towards the equator.

text: True polar wander represents the shift in the geographical poles relative to Earth’s surface, after accounting for the motion of the tectonic plates. This motion is caused by the rearrangement of the mantle and the crust in order to align the

text: maximum inertia

text: with the current rotation axis (fig.1). This is similar to a spinning top; when its rotation is disturbed, it slowly recovers and it will realign its rotation axis to its position of maximum inertia. The difference is that unlike Earth, the spinning top’s mass distribution is constant through its volume over time. Evidence for true polar wander has been observed from the study of large apparent polar wander datasets which, when corrected for the motion of the magnetic pole, display this polar wander. Modern polar wander can be evaluated from precise measurement using stars or satellite measurements, however filtering to remove the wobble of the Earth is required. The formation of

text: supercontinents

text: could initiate a faster polar wander. That is, because the supercontinent creates an extra mass concentration where they are located, the planet tries to re-orient the supercontinent towards the equator.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Virgo

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could initiate a faster polar wander

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The formation of supercontinents could initiate a faster polar wander

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: polar wander

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: equator

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: spinning top

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the difference between Earth and a spinning top?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: polar wander

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: a spinning top

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: formation of supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: supercontinents could initiate a faster polar wander.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: equator.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The formation of supercontinents could initiate a faster polar wander.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the supercontinent creates an extra mass concentration

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: equator.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: True

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: supercontinents could initiate a faster polar wander.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: True polar wander

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rearrangement of the mantle

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: a spinning top;

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: stars or satellite measurements,

text: The time of sunset varies throughout the year, and is determined by the viewer's position on Earth, specified by longitude and latitude, and elevation. Small daily changes and noticeable semi-annual changes in the timing of sunsets are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. During winter and spring, the days get longer and sunsets occur later every day until the day of the latest sunset, which occurs after the summer solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, the latest sunset occurs late in June or in early July, but not on the summer solstice of June 21. This date depends on the viewer's latitude (connected with the Earth's slower movement around the aphelion around July 4). Likewise, the earliest sunset does not occur on the winter solstice, but rather about two weeks earlier, again depending on the viewer's latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs in early December or late November (influenced by the Earth's faster movement near its perihelion, which occurs around January 3).

text: The time of sunset varies throughout the year, and is determined by the viewer's position on Earth, specified by longitude and latitude, and elevation. Small daily changes and noticeable semi-annual changes in the timing of sunsets are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. During winter and spring, the days get longer and sunsets occur later every day until the day of the latest sunset, which occurs after the summer solstice. In the

text: Northern Hemisphere

text: , the latest sunset occurs late in June or in early July, but not on the summer solstice of June 21. This date depends on the viewer's latitude (connected with the Earth's slower movement around the

text: aphelion

text: around July 4). Likewise, the earliest sunset does not occur on the winter solstice, but rather about two weeks earlier, again depending on the viewer's latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs in early December or late November (influenced by the Earth's faster movement near its

text: perihelion

text: , which occurs around January 3).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: January 3

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is determined by the viewer's position on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's axial tilt?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are driven by the axial tilt of Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: do not occur on the winter solstice

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: January 3

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Northern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: sunset does not occur on the winter solstice,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two weeks earlier,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: aphelion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The time of sunset varies throughout the year,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: two weeks earlier,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sunset does not occur on the winter solstice,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The time of sunset varies throughout the year,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The time of sunset

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 21.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The time of sunset varies throughout the year,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: two weeks earlier,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: two weeks earlier,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: summer solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: January 3).

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earliest sunset does not occur on the winter solstice,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: elliptical

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth's slower movement

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Sun,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Northern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: summer solstice.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The time of sunset

text: Martin Audio released the MLA (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array) series in 2010.

text: Martin Audio released the MLA (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array) series in 2010.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: saturn

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 450 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: can be traced back to the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The MLA series is a type of loudspeaker

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In what year was the MLA series released?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: It is not possible to tell.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The MLA series was released in 2010.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array) series in 2010.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array) series in 2010.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array) series in 2010.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: MLA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2010.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: (Multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (Multi-cellular Loudspeaker Array)

text: The Pearl was previously available with Entel PCS in Chile, Cellcom, Sprint, T-Mobile, AT&T Mobility, Cincinnati Bell Wireless, Verizon Wireless, Alltel, US Cellular, Centennial Wireless, MOSH Mobile, nTelos, Cellular One, Cellular South and BlueGrass Cellular in the United States; TIM, Vodafone and Wind in Italy; Turkcell and Avea in Turkey; Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico; Airtel, Vodafone and Reliance Communications in India; Iusacell, Telcel and Movistar in Mexico; Rogers Wireless, Telus, SaskTel, MTS, TBayTel, Bell Mobility, Wind Mobile, and Virgin Mobile Canada in Canada; Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia; Indosat in Indonesia; KPN and Vodafone in the Netherlands; Globe Telecom in the Philippines; Grameenphone in Bangladesh; Vodafone in New Zealand; SingTel in Singapore; Mobilink in Pakistan and all networks in the UK; MTN, Globacom and Zain in Nigeria.tigo, Comcel in Colombia; Movistar, Digicel, Claro and Cable & Wireless in Panama

text: The Pearl was previously available with

text: Entel PCS

text: in

text: Chile

text: Cellcom

text: Sprint

text: T-Mobile

text: AT&T Mobility

text: Cincinnati Bell Wireless

text: Verizon Wireless

text: Alltel

text: US Cellular

text: Centennial Wireless

text: MOSH Mobile

text: nTelos

text: Cellular One

text: Cellular South

text: and

text: BlueGrass Cellular

text: in the United States;

text: TIM

text: Vodafone

text: and

text: Wind

text: in Italy;

text: Turkcell

text: and

text: Avea

text: in

text: Turkey

text: Claro

text: Vivo

text: in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

text: Airtel

text: Vodafone

text: and

text: Reliance Communications

text: in India;

text: Iusacell

text: Telcel

text: and

text: Movistar

text: in Mexico;

text: Rogers Wireless

text: Telus

text: SaskTel

text: MTS

text: TBayTel

text: Bell Mobility

text: Wind Mobile

text: , and

text: Virgin Mobile Canada

text: in Canada;

text: Telstra

text: Optus

text: and

text: Vodafone

text: in Australia;

text: Indosat

text: in Indonesia;

text: KPN

text: and

text: Vodafone

text: in the Netherlands;

text: Globe Telecom

text: in the Philippines;

text: Grameenphone

text: in Bangladesh;

text: Vodafone

text: in New Zealand;

text: SingTel

text: in Singapore;

text: Mobilink

text: in Pakistan and all networks in the UK;

text: MTN

text: Globacom

text: and

text: Zain

text: in Nigeria.

text: tigo

text: Comcel

text: in

text: Colombia

text: Movistar

text: Digicel

text: Claro

text: and

text: Cable & Wireless

text: in Panama

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Entel PCS in Chile

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Entel PCS in Chile

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Grameenphone

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: what is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element on earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: TIM

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cellulolytic

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australia;

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Turkey;

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Australia;

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Turkey;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pearl was previously available with Entel PCS in Chile,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Turkcell and Avea in Turkey;

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: the United States;

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: the United States;

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia;

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia;

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: the United States;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia;

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia;

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Telstra, Optus and Vodafone in Australia;

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the United States;

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Pearl was previously available with Entel PCS

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Claro, Vivo in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Turkey;

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Pearl

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Grameenphone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico;

text: According to the gene ontology database the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. For multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term".

text: According to the

text: gene ontology

text: database the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. For multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term".

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: plasma membranes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plasma membranes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: secreted

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: For multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extracellular space is occupied

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: plasma membranes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: plasma membranes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glycogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: According to the gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fluid.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: everything outside a cell, but still within the organism

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: According to the gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Gene products

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gene products

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: According to the gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: According to the gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: gene ontology database

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: gene ontology database the extracellular space

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: secreted

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: extracellular matrix).

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: extracellular matrix).

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: interstitial fluid or blood

text: The first evidence of multicellularity is from cyanobacteria-like organisms that lived between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago. Other early fossils of multicellular organisms include the contested Grypania spiralis and the fossils of the black shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian Group Fossil B Formation in Gabon.

text: The first evidence of multicellularity is from

text: cyanobacteria

text: -like organisms that lived between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago. Other early fossils of multicellular organisms include the contested

text: Grypania

text: spiralis and the fossils of the black shales of the

text: Palaeoproterozoic

text: Francevillian Group Fossil

text: B Formation in

text: Gabon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3 and 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The first evidence of multicellularity is from cyanobacteria-like organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3 and 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fossils are found

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first evidence of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cyanobacterial

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gabon.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cyanobacteria-like organisms

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: early fossils of multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria-like organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The first evidence of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Grypania spiralis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The first evidence of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Grypania spiralis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacteria-like organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Grypania spiralis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria-like organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: black shales

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cyanobacteria-like

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: black shales

text: Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the inoculation of the appropriate medium. However, in the case of cell cultures from multi-cellular organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.

text: Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the

text: inoculation

text: of the appropriate medium. However, in the case of cell cultures from multi-cellular organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacteria and yeast

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: inoculation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: multi-cellular organisms will not readily grow in standard media

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria and yeast

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: unicellular organisms clone

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: yeast

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: unicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cloning

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: cell cloning is an arduous task

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: cell cloning is an arduous task

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: yeast,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cloning a cell

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria and yeast,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: medium.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: yeast,

text: The technologically advanced Ancient race from Stargate SG-1 series voyaged to the Pegasus Galaxy from Earth via a colossal starship to spread new life. The city of Atlantis served as a maneuvering station as well as a base of operations. Their mission was unsuccessful and they met a terrible new enemy called the Wraith, the Ancients lost the war with the Wraith and after a long siege Atlantis was submerged under the ocean.

text: The technologically advanced

text: Ancient

text: race from

text: Stargate SG-1

text: series voyaged to the

text: Pegasus Galaxy

text: from

text: Earth

text: via a colossal starship to spread new life. The city of

text: Atlantis

text: served as a maneuvering station as well as a base of operations. Their mission was unsuccessful and they met a terrible new enemy called the

text: Wraith

text: , the Ancients lost the war with the Wraith and after a long siege Atlantis was submerged under the ocean.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What happened to Atlantis?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Ancients lost the war with the Wraith.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and other planets collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How did Atlantis get submerged under the ocean?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Wraith?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Atlantis submerged under the ocean?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did the Ancients voyage to?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did the Ancients travel to the Pegasus Galaxy?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not an element: iron, oxygen, or iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to Atlantis?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancient

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Ancients lost the war with the Wraith

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth via a colossal starship to spread new life.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth via a colossal starship to spread new life.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth via a colossal starship to spread new life.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: colossal starship to spread new life.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth via a colossal starship to spread new life.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: colossal starship

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pegasus Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life.

text: Virtual airlines are early examples of online gaming communities, many of the first virtual airlines can be traced back to the early 1990s in flight simulator forums of services such as Prodigy, CompuServe or America Online While at least the early history of virtual airlines is predominantly on the Windows or DOS operating systems, Macintosh users also took part in the mid 1990s, with some of these still in operation today. Since they were first formed, these organizations are often characterized by their highly organized and structured nature when compared with other virtual groups in the gaming community. Such organizations represent some of the earliest examples of organized gaming groups similar to the clans and guilds seen in modern video gaming. It has been proposed that virtual airlines have existed since the creation of the first flight simulators, therefore predating the Internet.

text: Virtual airlines are early examples of online

text: gaming communities

text: , many of the first virtual airlines can be traced back to the early 1990s in

text: flight simulator

text: forums of services such as

text: Prodigy

text: CompuServe

text: or

text: America Online

text: While at least the early history of virtual airlines is predominantly on the

text: Windows

text: or

text: DOS

text: operating systems,

text: Macintosh

text: users also took part in the mid 1990s, with some of these still in operation today. Since they were first formed, these organizations are often characterized by their highly organized and structured nature when compared with other virtual groups in the gaming community. Such organizations represent some of the earliest examples of organized gaming groups similar to the clans and guilds seen in modern video gaming. It has been proposed that virtual airlines have existed since the creation of the first flight simulators, therefore predating the

text: Internet

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: predating the Internet

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It has been proposed that virtual airlines have existed since the creation of the first flight simulators

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: predate the Internet

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: flight simulators

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Internet existed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: predating the Internet.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: predating the Internet.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Virtual airlines

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Internet.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Internet.

text: Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest continental landmass on Earth and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Its highest peak is Mount Kosciuszko at , which is relatively low in comparison to the highest mountains on other continents. Erosion has heavily weathered Australia's surface.

text: Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest continental landmass on Earth and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Geological forces such as

text: tectonic uplift

text: of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of

text: Gondwana

text: . Its highest peak is

text: Mount Kosciuszko

text: at , which is relatively low in comparison to the highest mountains on other continents.

text: Erosion

text: has heavily weathered Australia's surface.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a relatively stable geological history

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest continental landmass on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates clash

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the abbreviation for DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has Australia been a part of Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Erosion

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Geological forces

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Erosion has heavily weathered Australia's surface.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oldest continental landmass on Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: clashes between tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest continental landmass

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: oldest continental landmass on Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic uplift

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Its highest peak is Mount Kosciuszko

text: A significant body of water (referred to as the Central American Seaway) once separated the continents of North and South America, allowing the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to mix freely. Beneath the surface, two plates of the Earth's crust were slowly colliding, forcing the Cocos Plate to slide under the Caribbean Plate. The pressure and heat caused by this collision led to the formation of underwater volcanoes, some of which grew large enough to form islands as early as 15 million years ago. Meanwhile, movement of the two tectonic plates was also pushing up the sea floor, eventually forcing some areas above sea level.

text: A significant body of water (referred to as the

text: Central American Seaway

text: ) once separated the continents of North and South America, allowing the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to mix freely. Beneath the surface, two

text: plate

text: s of the

text: Earth's crust

text: were slowly colliding, forcing the

text: Cocos Plate

text: to slide under the

text: Caribbean Plate

text: . The pressure and heat caused by this collision led to the formation of underwater

text: volcano

text: es, some of which grew large enough to form

text: island

text: s as early as 15 million years ago. Meanwhile, movement of the two tectonic plates was also pushing up the sea floor, eventually forcing some areas above sea level.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 15 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 15 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many plates of the Earth's crust were slowly colliding?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Central American Seaway once separated the continents of North and South America

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: underwater volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 15 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 15 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: underwater volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Central American Seaway?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: underwater volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: underwater volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cocos Plate to slide under the Caribbean Plate.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: two plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: formation of underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: pushing up the sea floor, eventually forcing some areas above sea level.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: two plates of the Earth's crust were slowly colliding,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: slowly colliding,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A significant body of water (referred to as the Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: North and South America,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 15 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Central American Seaway)

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: underwater volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: underwater volcanoes,

text: A supercontinent cycle is the break-up of one supercontinent and the development of another, which takes place on a global scale. Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle, which is the opening and closing of an individual oceanic basin. The Wilson cycle rarely synchronizes with the timing of a supercontinent cycle. However, supercontinent cycles and Wilson cycles were both involved in the creation of Pangaea and Rodinia.

text: A

text: supercontinent cycle

text: is the break-up of one supercontinent and the development of another, which takes place on a global scale. Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the

text: Wilson cycle

text: , which is the opening and closing of an individual oceanic basin. The Wilson cycle rarely synchronizes with the timing of a supercontinent cycle. However, supercontinent cycles and Wilson cycles were both involved in the creation of Pangaea and Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Wilson cycles were both involved in the creation of Pangaea and Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Wilson cycles

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinent cycles

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Wilson cycle rarely synchronizes with the timing

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangaea and Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: break-up of one supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea and Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Supercontinent cycles

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Wilson cycle,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wilson cycle, which is the opening and closing of an individual oceanic basin.

text: The Isua Greenstone Belt offers up some complications because of the tectonics that have occurred in the area. Subduction and plate tectonics overall, is a means for explaining heat transfer within the Earth, which was an important process in early Earth.  The Isua Greenstone Belt is also an important area on the globe because it in particular contains the only evidence on the Earth that holds record for deformation before 3.2 billion years ago.

text: The Isua Greenstone Belt offers up some complications because of the tectonics that have occurred in the area.

text: Subduction

text: and

text: plate tectonics

text: overall, is a means for explaining

text: heat transfer

text: within the Earth, which was an important process in early Earth.  The Isua Greenstone Belt is also an important area on the globe because it in particular contains the only evidence on the Earth that holds record for deformation before 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Greenstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Heat transfer within the Earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics overall, is a means for explaining heat transfer within the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why is the Isua Greenstone Belt important?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the Isua Greenstone Belt important?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Greenstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.2

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Subduction and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Isua Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Greenstone Belt

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: The specifics of any ancient age distribution, moreover, would have seen heavy variation under the impact of local conditions. In pre-modern societies, the major cause of death was not the chronic, end-of-life conditions that characterize mortality in industrialized societies, nor primary malnutrition, but acute infectious disease, which has varied effects on age distributions in populations. Pulmonary tuberculosis, for example, characterized much of the Roman region in antiquity; its deaths tend to be concentrated in the early twenties, where model life tables show a mortality trough. Similarly, in pre-modern societies for which evidence is available, such as early modern England and early eighteenth-century China, infant mortality varies independently of adult mortality, to the extent that equal life expectancies at age twenty can be obtained in societies with infant mortality rates of 15% to 35% (life table models omit this; they depend on the assumption that age-specific mortality ratios co-vary in uniform, predictable ratios). No ancient evidence can gauge this effect (the sources have a strong tendency to overlook infant death), and the model life tables might overstate it, but comparative evidence suggests that it is very high: mortality was strongly concentrated in the first years of life.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: No ancient evidence can gauge this effect

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: pulmonary tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: mortality was strongly concentrated in the first years of life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: No ancient evidence can gauge

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would have seen heavy variation

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: infant

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: No ancient evidence

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: primary malnutrition

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: China,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: would have seen heavy variation under the impact of local conditions.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: eighteenth-century China,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: No ancient evidence

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: heavy variation under the impact of local conditions.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: (life table models

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: infant mortality varies independently of adult mortality,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: No ancient evidence

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ancient age distribution, moreover, would have seen heavy variation

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: local conditions.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: infant mortality varies independently of adult mortality,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: acute infectious disease,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: acute infectious disease,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: would have seen heavy variation under the impact of local conditions.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: infant mortality rates of 15% to 35%

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: infant mortality varies independently of adult mortality,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient age distribution,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: acute infectious disease,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: would have seen heavy variation under the impact of local conditions.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: In pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: pre-modern

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: pre-modern societies,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: No ancient evidence

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: infant mortality varies independently of adult mortality,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Pulmonary tuberculosis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: industrialized societies,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Pulmonary tuberculosis,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: tuberculosis,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: primary malnutrition,

text: Common ancestry between organisms of different species arises during speciation, in which new species are established from a single ancestral population. Organisms which share a more recent common ancestor are more closely related. The most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms is the last universal ancestor, which lived about 3.9 billion years ago. The two earliest evidences for life on Earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. All currently living organisms on Earth share a common genetic heritage (universal common descent), with each being the descendant from a single original species, though the suggestion of substantial horizontal gene transfer during early evolution has led to questions about monophyly of life.

text: Common ancestry between organisms of different

text: species

text: arises during

text: speciation

text: , in which new species are established from a single ancestral population. Organisms which share a more recent common ancestor are more closely related. The most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms is the last universal ancestor, which lived about

entity_name: Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

text: 3.9 billion years ago

text: . The two earliest evidences for life on Earth are

text: graphite

text: found to be

text: biogenic

text: in 3.7 billion-year-old

text: metasedimentary rocks

text: discovered in western

text: Greenland

text: and

text: microbial mat

text: fossil

text: s found in 3.48 billion-year-old

text: sandstone

text: discovered in

text: Western Australia

text: . All currently living organisms on Earth share a common

text: genetic

text: heritage (universal common descent), with each being the descendant from a single original species, though the suggestion of substantial

text: horizontal gene transfer

text: during early evolution has led to questions about

text: monophyly

text: of life.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sandstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.9 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: organisms which share a more recent common ancestor are more closely related

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: common ancestry occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.9 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbial mat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is the most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.9 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago was the last universal ancestor?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What is the most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the last universal ancestor live?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What has led to questions about monophyly?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.9 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biogenic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.9 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Organisms which share a more recent common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: speciation,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.9 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: different species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Common ancestry

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Common ancestry

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.7

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.9 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Common ancestry

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.7

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: substantial horizontal gene transfer during early evolution has led to questions about monophyly

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: graphite found to be biogenic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.9 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: speciation,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbial mat

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: graphite

text: The Phanerozoic is the current eon on Earth, which started approximately 542 million years ago. It consists of three eras: The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, and is the time when multi-cellular life greatly diversified into almost all the organisms known today.

text: The Phanerozoic is the current eon on Earth, which started approximately 542 million years ago. It consists of three eras: The

text: Paleozoic

text: Mesozoic

text: , and

text: Cenozoic

text: , and is the time when multi-cellular life greatly diversified into almost all the organisms known today.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 542 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Phanerozoic consists of three eras

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Paleozoic ends and Mesozoic begins

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It consists of three eras

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cenozoic,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 542 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: multi-cellular life greatly diversified into almost all the organisms known today.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Paleozoic,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 542 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paleozoic,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Paleozoic,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Phanerozoic

text: The Saga is interspersed with heroic verse, in the great Aryan tradition. In Volume II, The Advent of Asho Zarathushtra, the story takes up the life of the ancient Indo-European Prophet Zarathushtra, eight thousand years ago. When the Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour, Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith. The glorious birth of the Prophet in Iran is vividly described, followed by the many miraculous events in his early childhood. Volume III onwards continue the story of the youth and manhood of the Prophet Zarathustra, including the Divine Relevations he received from Ahura Mazda, his travels in Iran, and his tribulations in the Royal court of Iran.

text: The Saga is interspersed with heroic verse, in the great Aryan tradition. In Volume II, The Advent of Asho Zarathushtra, the story takes up the life of the ancient Indo-European Prophet

text: Zarathushtra

text: , eight thousand years ago. When the Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour, Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith. The glorious birth of the Prophet in Iran is vividly described, followed by the many miraculous events in his early childhood. Volume III onwards continue the story of the youth and manhood of the Prophet Zarathustra, including the Divine Relevations he received from Ahura Mazda, his travels in Iran, and his tribulations in the Royal court of Iran.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-European

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eight thousand years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Soul

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Saga is interspersed with heroic verse, in the great Aryan tradition

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eight thousand years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: eight thousand years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many thousand years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the Earth-Soul cry out for a Saviour?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did the Earth-Soul cry out for a Saviour?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-European

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Indo-European Prophet Zarathushtra,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Indo-European

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: eight thousand years ago. When the Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prophet Zarathushtra,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Indo-European

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Indo-European Prophet Zarathushtra,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Indo-European

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: II,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ancient Indo-European Prophet Zarathushtra,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: II,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eight thousand years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Iran

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth-Soul

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: the Earth-Soul

text: On the early Earth, reactive elements, such as iron and uranium, existed in a reduced form that would react with any free oxygen produced by photosynthesising organisms. Oxygen would not be able to build up in the atmosphere until all the iron had rusted (producing banded iron formations), and all the other reactive elements had been oxidised.Donald Canfield detected records of the first significant quantities of atmospheric oxygen just before the first Ediacaran fossils appeared – and the presence of atmospheric oxygen was soon heralded as a possible trigger for the Ediacaran radiation. Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses; the rise of small, sessile (stationary) organisms seems to correlate with an early oxygenation event, with larger and mobile organisms appearing around the second pulse of oxygenation. However, the assumptions underlying the reconstruction of atmospheric composition have attracted some criticism, with widespread anoxia having little effect on life where it occurs in the Early Cambrian and the Cretaceous.

text: On the early Earth, reactive elements, such as

text: iron

text: and

text: uranium

text: , existed in a

text: reduced

text: form that would react with any free oxygen produced by

text: photosynthesis

text: ing organisms. Oxygen would not be able to build up in the

text: atmosphere

text: until all the iron had rusted (producing

text: banded iron formation

text: s), and all the other reactive elements had been oxidised.

text: Donald Canfield

text: detected records of the first significant quantities of atmospheric oxygen just before the first Ediacaran fossils appeared – and the presence of atmospheric oxygen was soon heralded as a possible trigger for the Ediacaran

text: radiation

text: . Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses; the rise of small, sessile (stationary) organisms seems to correlate with an early oxygenation event, with larger and mobile organisms appearing around the second pulse of oxygenation. However, the assumptions underlying the reconstruction of atmospheric composition have attracted some criticism, with widespread anoxia having little effect on life where it occurs in the Early Cambrian and the Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen would not be able to build up in the atmosphere until all the iron had rusted

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Cambrian and the Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Oxygen builds up in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sessile

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: small, sessile

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesising organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anoxia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron and uranium,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reactive elements,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesising

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: small, sessile (stationary) organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: small, sessile (stationary) organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: small, sessile (stationary) organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: photosynthesising organisms.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: On the early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: On the early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: photosynthesising organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: On the early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: On the early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Oxygen seems to have accumulated in two pulses;

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: small, sessile (stationary) organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacaran radiation.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photosynthesising organisms.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: (stationary)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesising organisms.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen produced by photosynthesising organisms. Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sessile

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: uranium,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen produced by photosynthesising organisms. Oxygen

text: The Woodlark Plate is a small tectonic plate located in the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The Caroline plate subducts along its northern border while the Maoke Plate converges on the west, the Australian plate converges on the south, and on the east an undefined compressive zone which may be a transform fault marking the boundary with the adjoining Solomon Sea Plate.

text: The Woodlark Plate is a small

text: tectonic plate

text: located in the eastern half of the island of

text: New Guinea

text: . The

text: Caroline plate

text: subducts

text: along its northern border while the

text: Maoke Plate

text: converges

text: on the west, the

text: Australian plate

text: converges on the south, and on the east an undefined compressive zone which may be a

text: transform fault

text: marking the boundary with the adjoining

text: Solomon Sea Plate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Solomon Sea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: woodlark plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Solomon Sea Plate

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Caroline plate subducts along its northern border

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: subducts

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Caroline plate subducts along its northern border

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: undefined compressive zone

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Solomon Sea Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the Australian plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How would you describe Woodlark Plate?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many plates does the Caroline plate subduct?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subducts

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: New Guinea.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Solomon Sea Plate.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: undefined compressive zone

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a transform fault

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Caroline plate subducts along its northern border

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: New Guinea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Woodlark Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Woodlark Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Woodlark Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: New Guinea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Solomon Sea Plate.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subducts

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Woodlark Plate

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: a

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: undefined compressive zone

text: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth, , is generally known as oxygen, but may be called dioxygen or molecular oxygen to distinguish it from the element itself. Elemental oxygen is most commonly encountered in this form, as about 21% (by volume) of Earth's atmosphere. The ground state of dioxygen is known as triplet oxygen because it has two unpaired electrons. The first excited state, singlet oxygen, has no unpaired electrons and is metastable.

text: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth, , is generally known as oxygen, but may be called dioxygen or molecular oxygen to distinguish it from the element itself. Elemental oxygen is most commonly encountered in this form, as about 21% (by volume) of Earth's atmosphere. The

text: ground state

text: of dioxygen is known as

text: triplet oxygen

text: because it has two unpaired electrons. The first excited state,

text: singlet oxygen

text: , has no unpaired electrons and is

text: metastable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is metastable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unpaired electrons

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ground state of dioxygen is known as triplet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is depleted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many unpaired electrons does triplet oxygen have?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The common allotrope

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: dioxygen or molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: triplet oxygen because it has two unpaired electrons.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: singlet oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 21%

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth,,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: singlet oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Elemental oxygen is most commonly encountered in this form, as about 21%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: dioxygen or molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The common allotrope of elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: singlet oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Elemental oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: singlet oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen, but may be called dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen, but may be called dioxygen

text: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California in 1969 by prominent environmentalist David Brower after he left the Sierra Club.  The organization was launched with the help of Donald Aitken, Jerry Mander and a $200,000 donation from the personal funds of Robert O. Anderson.  One of its first major campaigns was the protest of nuclear power, particularly in California. Friends of the Earth International was founded in 1971 and today is a network of environmental organizations in 75 countries.  In its early years, Friends of the Earth US was headquartered in San Francisco, but it was a largely decentralized organization, giving significant power and freedom to its local branches.  In 1971, Friends of the Earth U.S. successfully campaigned against federal funding for supersonic transport commercial airlines, and overland commercial supersonic flights were banned as well.  In the early 1980s, the organization campaigned against the World Bank, claiming it was financing projects that caused tropical deforestation, among other environmental concerns.  They also pushed for the 1981 moratorium on new offshore oil leasing in California, which remained in effect until 2008, when the United States Congress did not renew it.  The organization merged with the Environmental Policy Center and the Oceanic Society in 1989.  After the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Friends of the Earth U.S. successfully campaigned for the passage of the Oil Pollution Act in 1990.  In 1992, they teamed with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe in Washington State to help pass a federal law to protect salmon runs.  In 2003 the organization worked to draft and pass the Clean Car Law in California.

text: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in

text: California

text: in 1969 by prominent environmentalist

text: David Brower

text: after he left the

text: Sierra Club

text: .  The organization was launched with the help of Donald Aitken, Jerry Mander and a $200,000 donation from the personal funds of

text: Robert O. Anderson

text: .  One of its first major campaigns was the protest of

text: nuclear power

text: , particularly in California.

text: Friends of the Earth International

text: was founded in 1971 and today is a network of

text: environmental organizations

text: in 75 countries.  In its early years, Friends of the Earth US was headquartered in

text: San Francisco

text: , but it was a largely decentralized organization, giving significant power and freedom to its local branches.  In 1971, Friends of the Earth U.S. successfully campaigned against

entity_name: Administration of federal assistance in the United States

text: federal funding

text: for

text: supersonic

text: transport

text: commercial airlines

text: , and overland commercial supersonic flights were banned as well.  In the early 1980s, the organization campaigned against the

text: World Bank

text: , claiming it was financing projects that caused

text: tropical deforestation

text: , among other

text: environmental concerns

text: .  They also pushed for the

text: 1981 moratorium

text: on new

text: offshore oil

text: leasing in California, which remained in effect until 2008, when the

text: United States Congress

text: did not renew it.  The organization merged with the Environmental Policy Center and the Oceanic Society in 1989.  After the

text: Exxon Valdez oil spill

text: , Friends of the Earth U.S. successfully campaigned for the passage of the

text: Oil Pollution Act

text: in 1990.  In 1992, they teamed with the

text: Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe

text: in

text: Washington State

text: to help pass a federal law to protect

text: salmon run

text: s.  In 2003 the organization worked to draft and pass the

text: Clean Car Law

text: in California.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded was Friends of the Earth International founded?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which happened first, Friends of the Earth U.S. was headquartered in San Francisco or Friends of the Earth International was founded?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Friends of the Earth International was founded in 1971

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What did Friends of the Earth U.S. campaign against?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Which happened first, Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California or Friends of the Earth International was founded?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: salmon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California was Friends of the Earth International founded?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded was Friends of the Earth International founded?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded was Friends of the Earth International founded?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded was the Oil Pollution Act passed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded was the Clean Car Law in California?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nuclear power

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nuclear power

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: tropical

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1969

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California in 1969

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: largely decentralized organization,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: largely decentralized organization, giving significant power and freedom to its local branches.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1969 by prominent environmentalist David Brower after he left the Sierra Club.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1969 by prominent environmentalist David Brower after he left the Sierra Club.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 75 countries.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1969

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: salmon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1969 by prominent environmentalist David Brower after he left the Sierra Club.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 75 countries.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: supersonic transport commercial airlines,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California in 1969

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California in 1969

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 75 countries.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Friends of the Earth International was founded in 1971

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Friends of the Earth U.S. was founded in California in 1969

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Friends of the Earth International

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: supersonic transport commercial airlines,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: salmon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tropical deforestation,

text: The Silurian spanned from 443 to 419 million years ago. The Silurian saw the rejuvenation of life as the  Earth recovered from the snowball Earth. This period saw the mass evolution of fish, as jawless fish became more numerous, jawed fish evolved, and the first freshwater fish evolved, though arthropods, such as sea scorpions, were still apex predators. Fully terrestrial life evolved, including early arachnids, fungi, and centipedes. The evolution of vascular plants (Cooksonia) allowed plants to gain a foothold on land. These early plants are the forerunners of all plant life on land. During this time, there were four continents: Gondwana (Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Siberia), Laurentia (North America), Baltica (Northern Europe), and Avalonia (Western Europe). The recent rise in sea levels allowed many new species to thrive in water.

text: The Silurian spanned from 443 to 419 million years ago. The Silurian saw the rejuvenation of life as the  Earth recovered from the snowball Earth. This period saw the mass evolution of fish, as jawless fish became more numerous, jawed fish evolved, and the first freshwater fish evolved, though arthropods, such as

text: sea scorpions

text: , were still

text: apex predator

text: s. Fully terrestrial life evolved, including early arachnids, fungi, and centipedes. The evolution of

text: vascular plants

text: Cooksonia

text: ) allowed plants to gain a foothold on land. These early plants are the forerunners of all plant life on land. During this time, there were four continents: Gondwana (Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Siberia), Laurentia (North America), Baltica (Northern Europe), and Avalonia (Western Europe). The recent rise in sea levels allowed many new species to thrive in water.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 443 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: arachnids

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents did the Silurian have?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: During the Silurian, there were four continents:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth recovers from the snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 443 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: jawless fish

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, Prokaryoes or Eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What did the Silurian see as the Earth recovered from?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the Silurian spanned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did Gondwana have?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Silurian span?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: arthropods

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: vascular plants (Cooksonia)

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: jawless fish

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Baltica (Northern Europe), and Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 443 to 419 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The recent rise in sea levels allowed many new species to thrive in water.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Earth recovered from the snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 443 to 419 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: arachnids,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: jawless fish

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: snowball Earth. This period saw the mass evolution of fish,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: four continents: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: four continents:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: four continents: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early arachnids,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: arthropods,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution of vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: jawless fish

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: vascular plants

text: While brachiosaurids were widely dispersed in the Late Jurassic, their geographic distribution narrowed in the Early Cretaceous. So far, brachiosaurid specimens have only been found in the Aptian-Albian region of North America. This reduction in distribution occurs immediately following the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. The brachiosaurid distribution in the Early Cretaceous has been interpreted as a result of regional extinctions in Europe, Africa, and South America. Overall, the Early Cretaceous seems to be a time of reduced sauropod diversity worldwide. It has been argued that this change may be due to an extinction event at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.  A second hypothesis is that the apparent lack of geographical diversity is due to sampling bias in the generally poor Early Cretaceous fossil record. Recently discovered evidence supports the conclusion that brachiosaurids existed outside of North America in lower latitudes of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous. In 2013, Mannion et al. reported on the discovery of two isolated teeth found in Lebanon from the Early Cretaceous that possess posteriorly twisted crowns, which are characteristic of the brachiosaurids Giraffititan and Abydosaurus. In addition, a brachiosaurid originally named Padillasaurus leivaensis was discovered in Colombia from the Early Cretaceous and placed in the Brachiosauridae taxon, which suggests that Brachiosauridae survived in northwestern Gondwana after the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. In the Early Cretaceous, Colombia was located close to the equator in northwestern Gondwana while Lebanon was in the northeast of Gondwana. This suggests that brachiosaurids were in fact present outside of North America in the Early Cretaceous, and supports the theory that the apparent lack of specimens is due to an incomplete record. However, the rarity of these dinosaur specimens may also reflect a decrease in abundance of brachiosaurids acting in combination with the poor fossil record.

text: While brachiosaurids were widely dispersed in the

text: Late Jurassic

text: , their geographic distribution narrowed in the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: . So far, brachiosaurid specimens have only been found in the Aptian-Albian region of

text: North America

text: . This reduction in distribution occurs immediately following the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. The brachiosaurid distribution in the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: has been interpreted as a result of regional extinctions in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: , and

text: South America

text: . Overall, the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: seems to be a time of reduced

text: sauropod

text: diversity worldwide. It has been argued that this change may be due to an extinction event at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.  A second hypothesis is that the apparent lack of geographical diversity is due to sampling bias in the generally poor

text: Early Cretaceous

text: fossil

text: record. Recently discovered evidence supports the conclusion that brachiosaurids existed outside of

text: North America

text: in lower latitudes of

text: Gondwana

text: in the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: . In 2013, Mannion et al. reported on the discovery of two isolated teeth found in

text: Lebanon

text: from the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: that possess posteriorly twisted crowns, which are characteristic of the brachiosaurids

text: Giraffititan

text: and

text: Abydosaurus

text: . In addition, a brachiosaurid originally named

text: Padillasaurus leivaensis

text: was discovered in

text: Colombia

text: from the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: and placed in the Brachiosauridae

text: taxon

text: , which suggests that Brachiosauridae survived in northwestern

text: Gondwana

text: after the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. In the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: Colombia

text: was located close to the equator in northwestern

text: Gondwana

text: while

text: Lebanon

text: was in the northeast of

text: Gondwana

text: . This suggests that brachiosaurids were in fact present outside of

text: North America

text: in the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: , and supports the theory that the apparent lack of specimens is due to an incomplete record. However, the rarity of these

text: dinosaur

text: specimens may also reflect a decrease in abundance of brachiosaurids acting in combination with the poor

text: fossil

text: record.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: brachiosaurids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: brachiosaurid specimens have only been found in the Aptian-Albian region of North America

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sauropod

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did mantle convection slow down?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has Earth been inhabited?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaur

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sauropod

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reduced sauropod diversity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: posteriorly twisted crowns,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: brachiosaurids were in fact present outside of North America

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: brachiosaurids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Late Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: northwestern Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early Cretaceous that possess posteriorly twisted crowns,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: sauropod

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: brachiosaurids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: teeth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Early Cretaceous that possess posteriorly twisted crowns,

text: Tectonics explains the large-scale structure of the Earth's crust and its constituent rocks in terms of blocks moving along faults, uplifted into horsts or downthrown into grabens.The ACT is positioned on the Australian continent, which was once a part of the supercontinent Gondwana. The ACT is in the Tasmanides, the deformed rocks of the orogen that make up the core of the old mountain range that makes up the Australian continent east of the Tasman Line. These rocks are an addition onto the Proterozoic core of the continent. The Tasmanides are the result of compression, horizontal shortening, and vertical thickening of various "terranes" such as small continental fragments and volcanic island arcs that were plastered against the original continental margin as a result of plate tectonic movements.

text: Tectonics

text: explains the large-scale structure of the Earth's crust and its constituent rocks in terms of blocks moving along

text: fault

text: s, uplifted into

text: horst

text: s or downthrown into

text: graben

text: s.The ACT is positioned on the

text: Australian continent

text: , which was once a part of the supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: . The ACT is in the

text: Tasmanides

text: , the deformed rocks of the

text: orogen

text: that make up the core of the old mountain range that makes up the Australian continent east of the

text: Tasman Line

text: . These rocks are an addition onto the

text: Proterozoic

text: core of the continent. The Tasmanides are the result of compression, horizontal shortening, and vertical thickening of various "terranes" such as small continental fragments and volcanic island arcs that were plastered against the original continental margin as a result of

text: plate tectonic

text: movements.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: horsts

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ACT is positioned on the Australian continent, which was once a part of the supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic movements

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why are prokaryoes more common?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why is the ACT in the Tasmanides?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The ACT is in the Tasmanides

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: volcanic island arcs

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: blocks moving along faults,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: grabens.The ACT is positioned on the Australian continent,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic movements.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: small continental fragments and volcanic island arcs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonic movements.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Tasmanides,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ACT is in the Tasmanides,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic island arcs

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanic island arcs

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Tectonics

text: Major impact events have significantly shaped Earth's history, having been implicated in the formation of the Earth–Moon system, the evolutionary history of life, the origin of water on Earth, and several mass extinctions. Impact structures are the result of impact events on solid objects and, as the dominant landforms on many of the System's solid objects, present the most solid evidence of prehistoric events. Notable impact events include the Late Heavy Bombardment, which occurred early in history of the Earth–Moon system, and the Chicxulub impact, 66 million years ago, believed to be the cause of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

text: Major impact events have significantly shaped

text: Earth's history

text: , having been implicated in the

text: formation of the Earth–Moon system

text: , the

text: evolutionary history of life

text: , the

text: origin of water on Earth

text: , and several

text: mass extinction

text: s.

text: Impact structure

text: s are the result of impact events on solid objects and, as the dominant landforms on many of the System's solid objects, present the most solid evidence of prehistoric events. Notable impact events include the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: , which occurred early in history of the Earth–Moon system, and the

text: Chicxulub impact

text: , 66 million years ago, believed to be the cause of the

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Paleogene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid objects

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Chicxulub impact

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth–Moon system

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Chicxulub impact, 66 million years ago, believed to be the cause of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Major impact events have significantly shaped Earth's history

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 66 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: impact events on solid objects

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution of life to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Late Heavy Bombardment occur?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 66 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth–Moon system,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid objects

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 66 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the evolutionary history of life,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Impact structures are the result of impact events on solid objects

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Impact structures

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: impact events

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Major impact events

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth–Moon system,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth–Moon system,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the evolutionary history of life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Major impact events

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Major impact events

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Impact structures

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: mass extinctions.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth–Moon system,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: Also, there was a "supercontinent" called Pangaea (some people will spell or "Pangea") which began to break apart about 175 - 200 million years ago and formed where we live today. Years ago, all this land was together. This supports the theory of "Continental Drift" and "Plate Techtonic" which says the Earth's lithospheric plates move about a few centimeter a year (as fast as your fingernails grow)

text: Also, there was a "supercontinent" called Pangaea (some people will spell or "Pangea") which began to break apart about 175 - 200 million years ago and formed where we live today. Years ago, all this land was together. This supports the theory of "Continental Drift" and "Plate Techtonic" which says the Earth's lithospheric plates move about a few centimeter a year (as fast as your fingernails grow)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: "Continental Drift" and "Plate Techtonic"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: how fast does your fingernails grow

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did Pangaea break apart

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a type of iron oxide: iron, iron oxide, or iron?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a type of oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How long ago was Pangaea?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Plate Techtonic"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a "supercontinent" called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: (as fast as your fingernails grow)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Years ago, all this land was together.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: (as fast as your fingernails grow)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: (as fast as your fingernails grow)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "Continental Drift"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: there was a "supercontinent" called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: there was a "supercontinent" called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Continental Drift"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Continental Drift"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: there was a "supercontinent" called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 175 - 200 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: we live today.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Continental Drift"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithospheric

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "supercontinent" called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fingernails

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fingernails

text: After the People's Republic of China was established, in order to resolve employment problems in the cities, starting in the 1950s youth from urban areas were organized to move to the rural countryside, especially in remote towns to establish farms. As early as 1953, the People's Daily published the editorial "Organize school graduates to participate in agricultural production labor". In 1955, Mao Zedong asserted that "the countryside is a vast expanse of heaven and earth where we can flourish", which would become the slogan for the Down to the Countryside Movement.

text: After the People's Republic of China was established, in order to resolve employment problems in the cities, starting in the 1950s youth from urban areas were organized to move to the rural countryside, especially in remote towns to establish farms. As early as 1953, the

text: People's Daily

text: published the editorial "Organize school graduates to participate in agricultural production labor". In 1955,

text: Mao Zedong

text: asserted that "the countryside is a vast expanse of heaven and earth where we can flourish", which would become the slogan for the

text: Down to the Countryside Movement

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's surface covered by water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: youth from urban areas were organized to move to the rural countryside

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: urban

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Mao Zedong assert that the countryside is a vast expanse of heaven and earth where we can flourish?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: heaven

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: China

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: heaven

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: youth from urban areas were organized to move to the rural countryside,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "the countryside is a vast expanse of heaven and earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: farms.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: China

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mao Zedong

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Down to the Countryside Movement.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Down to the Countryside Movement.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: farms.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: After the People's Republic of China

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: farms.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: After the People's Republic of China

text: Most of Smith's weird fiction falls into four series set variously in Hyperborea, Poseidonis, Averoigne and Zothique. Hyperborea, which is a lost continent of the Miocene period, and Poseidonis, which is a remnant of Atlantis, are much the same, with a magical culture characterized by bizarreness, cruelty, death and postmortem horrors. Averoigne is Smith's version of pre-modern France, comparable to James Branch Cabell's Poictesme. Zothique exists millions of years in the future. It is "the last continent of earth, when the sun is dim and tarnished". These tales have been compared to the Dying Earth sequence of Jack Vance.

text: Most of Smith's weird fiction falls into four series set variously in

text: Hyperborea

text: Poseidonis

text: Averoigne

text: and

text: Zothique

text: . Hyperborea, which is a lost continent of the Miocene period, and Poseidonis, which is a remnant of Atlantis, are much the same, with a magical culture characterized by bizarreness, cruelty, death and postmortem horrors. Averoigne is Smith's version of pre-modern France, comparable to

text: James Branch Cabell

text: 's Poictesme. Zothique exists millions of years in the future. It is "the last continent of earth, when the sun is dim and tarnished". These tales have been compared to the Dying Earth sequence of

text: Jack Vance

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Zothique

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Miocene period

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Poseidonis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Poseidonis and Hyperborea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: postmortem

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Averoigne is Smith's version of pre-modern France

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the Miocene period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the sun is dim and tarnished

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hyperborea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many series are set in Hyperborea?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What is the last continent of earth, when the sun is dim and tarnished?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the last continent of earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Miocene period

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: sun is dim and tarnished

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Zothique

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: postmortem

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tarnished

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Zothique.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bizarreness, cruelty, death and postmortem horrors.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: postmortem

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hyperborea,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: sun is dim and tarnished".

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hyperborea,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Dying Earth sequence of Jack Vance.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Zothique.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Hyperborea,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Zothique

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Dying Earth sequence of Jack Vance.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Atlantis,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Zothique

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the sun is dim and tarnished".

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Miocene

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: postmortem

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: death

text: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth. The same effect on the Moon has led to its tidal locking: its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit Earth. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the lunar phases; the dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator.

text: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes

text: tide

text: s on Earth. The same effect on the Moon has led to its

text: tidal locking

text: : its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit Earth. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the

text: lunar phase

text: s; the dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the

text: solar terminator

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The same effect on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth orbits the Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tides

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about how many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is true of the Moon?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the solar terminator

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Moon causes tides

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tides

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The gravitational attraction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it always presents the same face to the planet.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: solar terminator.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The gravitational attraction

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The gravitational attraction

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: solar terminator.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar terminator.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solar terminator.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The gravitational attraction

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solar terminator.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tides

text: Through an agreement with Dobson Communications Systems, which provided TDMA and GSM cellular service under the Cellular One brand, GCI formerly sold GSM cellular service under its own name while providing Dobson with the back-end network infrastructure. AT&T's purchase of Dobson, however, resulted in an agreement on December 3, 2007 that released Dobson, now under the AT&T Wireless brand, from its contract to use GCI for its back-end network on July 1, 2008; AT&T Wireless now uses existing AT&T Alascom networks. GCI will continue to contract with AT&T Wireless for the use and resale of its products and services through June 30, 2012 but will also invest $100 million in its own network. It also plans to spend approximately $10 million to complete its acquisition of the remaining 20% of Alaska DigiTel, a competing CDMA-based cellular carrier. On December 4, 2014, GCI agreed to purchase the wireless assets of Alaska Communications for $300 million. The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2015.

text: Through an agreement with

text: Dobson Communications Systems

text: , which provided

text: TDMA

text: and

text: GSM

text: cellular service under the

text: Cellular One

text: brand, GCI formerly sold GSM cellular service

text: under its own name

text: while providing Dobson with the back-end network infrastructure.

text: AT&T

text: 's purchase of Dobson, however, resulted in an agreement on December 3, 2007 that released Dobson, now under the

text: AT&T Wireless

text: brand, from its contract to use GCI for its back-end network on July 1, 2008; AT&T Wireless now uses existing AT&T Alascom networks. GCI will continue to contract with AT&T Wireless for the use and resale of its products and services through June 30, 2012 but will also invest $100 million in its own network. It also plans to spend approximately $10 million to complete its acquisition of the remaining 20% of

text: Alaska DigiTel

text: , a competing CDMA-based cellular carrier. On December 4, 2014, GCI agreed to purchase the wireless assets of

text: Alaska Communications

text: for $300 million. The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: TDMA and GSM

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Dobson Communications Systems

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: AT&T Wireless now uses existing AT&T Alascom networks

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: TDMA

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is expected to close in the first quarter of 2015

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2015

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Alaska

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: December 3, 2007

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: TDMA and GSM cellular service

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: CDMA-based

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: will also invest $100 million in its own network.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: AT&T's purchase of Dobson,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: December 3, 2007

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: GCI agreed to purchase the wireless assets of Alaska Communications for $300 million.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: December 3, 2007

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: December 3, 2007

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Through an agreement with Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Through an agreement with Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: AT&T's purchase of Dobson,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: first quarter of 2015.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Through an agreement with Dobson Communications Systems,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 2015.

text: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 are often used to interpret changes in paleoclimate. The isotopic composition of oxygen atoms in the Earth's atmosphere is 99.759% O, 0.037% O and 0.204% O. Because water molecules containing the lighter isotope are slightly more likely to evaporate and fall as precipitation, fresh water and polar ice on earth contains slightly less (0.1981%) of the heavy isotope O than air (0.204%) or seawater (0.1995%). This disparity allows analysis of temperature patterns via historic ice cores.

text: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 are often used to interpret changes in

text: paleoclimate

text: . The isotopic composition of oxygen

text: atom

text: s in the Earth's atmosphere is 99.759% O, 0.037%

text: O

text: and 0.204%

text: O

text: . Because

text: water

text: molecules containing the lighter isotope are slightly more likely to

text: evaporate

text: and fall as

text: precipitation

text: , fresh

text: water

text: and polar ice on earth contains slightly less (0.1981%) of the heavy isotope

text: O

text: than air (0.204%) or

text: seawater

text: (0.1995%). This disparity allows analysis of temperature patterns via historic

text: ice cores

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 0.1995%

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 are often used to interpret changes in paleoclimate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: water molecules containing the lighter isotope are slightly more likely to evaporate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.1995%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 0.1995%

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many percent of oxygen atoms in the Earth's atmosphere is oxygen-18?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ice cores

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Polar ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 99.759%

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ice cores.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: fresh water and polar ice on earth contains slightly less

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ice cores.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: water molecules

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Measurements

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Measurements

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Measurements

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 99.759%

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: changes in paleoclimate.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: precipitation,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: polar ice

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: precipitation,

text: The simplest definition is "the study of ancient life". Paleontology seeks information about several aspects of past organisms: "their identity and origin, their environment and evolution, and what they can tell us about the Earth's organic and inorganic past".

text: The simplest definition is "the study of ancient life". Paleontology seeks information about several aspects of past organisms: "their identity and origin, their environment and evolution, and what they can tell us about the Earth's organic and inorganic past".

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: paleontology seeks information

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paleontology seeks information about past organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: paleontology seeks information

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not included in this category.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Paleontology seeks information about past organisms

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's organic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleontology seeks information on several aspects of past organisms

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Paleontology seeks information on several aspects of past organisms

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the study of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Earth's organic and inorganic past

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's organic and inorganic past".

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life".

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paleontology seeks information about several aspects of past organisms:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic and inorganic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Paleontology

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Paleontology

text: Those Ancients who stayed on Earth and interbred with humans passed on the Ancient Technology Activation gene marking the humans of Earth as their "Second Evolution" as well as giving civilization to the people. They would also lay cultural foundations by way of the Indo-European languages. Through this cultural and linguistic inheritance many Roman myths were also influenced by the Ancients, such as the myth that the "Ancient ones ascended to the Heavens". According to mythology, the Romans learned how to build roads from gods known as "The Ancient Ones" in mimicry of the "astria porta" constructed by the ancients.  Indeed, Daniel Jackson later determined that the Ancient language vaguely resembles Old Latin.  This was first discovered when Colonel O'Neill had the entire database of an Ancient repository of knowledge downloaded into his brain, after which he became incapable of speaking in anything other than the Ancients' language.  Using this vital insight, Dr. Jackson compared previously indecipherable Ancient writings with Old Latin, factoring in millennia of linguistic drift, and was eventually able to produce functional translations of much of it.  Two years later, Earth and a pocket of surrounding space became trapped in a repeating time loop caused by a malfunctioning Ancient time machine.  Only O'Neill and Teal'c were not affected because they were standing near the device when the loop began.  With Dr. Jackson trapped in the loop and unable to study the time machine's writings thoroughly before his memory was reset, the only choice was for O'Neill and Teal'c to learn the Old Latin/Ancient language from Dr. Jackson in incremental steps, until they learned enough of it to discover the nature of the device.

text: Those Ancients who stayed on Earth and interbred with humans passed on the

text: Ancient Technology Activation gene

text: marking the humans of Earth as their "Second Evolution" as well as giving civilization to the people. They would also lay cultural foundations by way of the Indo-European languages. Through this cultural and linguistic inheritance many Roman myths were also influenced by the Ancients, such as the myth that the "Ancient ones ascended to the Heavens". According to mythology, the Romans learned how to build roads from gods known as "The Ancient Ones" in mimicry of the "astria porta" constructed by the ancients.  Indeed, Daniel Jackson later determined that the Ancient language vaguely resembles

text: Old Latin

text: .  This was first discovered when Colonel O'Neill had the entire database of an Ancient repository of knowledge downloaded into his brain, after which he became incapable of speaking in anything other than the Ancients' language.  Using this vital insight, Dr. Jackson compared previously indecipherable Ancient writings with Old Latin, factoring in millennia of linguistic drift, and was eventually able to produce functional translations of much of it.  Two years later, Earth and a pocket of surrounding space became trapped in a repeating time loop caused by a malfunctioning Ancient time machine.  Only O'Neill and Teal'c were not affected because they were standing near the device when the loop began.  With Dr. Jackson trapped in the loop and unable to study the time machine's writings thoroughly before his memory was reset, the only choice was for O'Neill and Teal'c to learn the Old Latin/Ancient language from Dr. Jackson in incremental steps, until they learned enough of it to discover the nature of the device.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth and a pocket of surrounding space

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancients who stayed on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ancients who interbred with humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: O'Neill and Teal'c were not affected because they were standing near the device when the loop began

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: interbred with humans

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: interbreeding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Old Latin/Ancient

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancient time machine.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Old Latin/Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: interbred with humans passed on the Ancient Technology Activation gene

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Old Latin/Ancient language from Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients who stayed on Earth and interbred with humans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: interbred with humans

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Old Latin/Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: linguistic drift,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: drift,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: interbred with humans

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Dr. Jackson

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Dr. Jackson

text: Planet Earth explores geoscience and how discoveries of the early and mid-1980s were revolutionizing mankind's understanding of the Earth's past, present, and future. It also highlights scientific discoveries not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s. The series explores the Earth's origins, history, and structure; the forces that operate continually to alter its surface; its oceans; its climate; its natural resources; its biosphere and the effects of life on the physical world; its relationship to the Sun and other bodies in the solar system; and its possible future in the face of pressures the growing human population places on the natural world.

text: Planet Earth explores

text: geoscience

text: and how discoveries of the early and mid-1980s were revolutionizing mankind's understanding of the Earth's past, present, and future. It also highlights scientific discoveries not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s. The series explores the Earth's origins, history, and structure; the forces that operate continually to alter its surface; its oceans; its climate; its

text: natural resources

text: ; its

text: biosphere

text: and the effects of life on the physical world; its relationship to the

text: Sun

text: and other bodies in the

text: solar system

text: ; and its possible future in the face of pressures the growing human population places on the natural world.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth's origins, history, and structure

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's oceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The series explores the Earth's origins, history, and structure

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not yet fully understood

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's surface is heated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: What was the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The series explores the Earth's origins

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first continent on earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What was the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earths early atmosphere became ozone.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the effects of life on the physical world

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: its biosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early and mid-1980s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: its biosphere

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oceans;

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: understood and still under study in the mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: still under study in the mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: its biosphere

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early and mid-1980s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: oceans;

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the Earth's origins,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Planet Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: not yet fully understood and still under study in the mid-1980s.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biosphere

text: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

text: A partial

text: solar eclipse

text: will occur on March 29, 2025. A

text: solar eclipse

text: occurs when the

text: Moon

text: passes between

text: Earth

text: and the

text: Sun

text: , thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Solar eclipses?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2025

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the last time mantle convection was super fast?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: When did the first oxygen on Earth combine with iron to form iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Ediacara fauna or solar eclipse?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Moon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Moon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A partial solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: 2025.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on March 29, 2025.

text: The notional tidal bulges are carried ahead of the Earth–Moon axis by the continents as a result of Earth's rotation. The eccentric mass of each bulge exerts a small amount of gravitational attraction on the Moon, with the bulge on the side of Earth closest to the Moon pulling in a direction slightly forward along the Moon's orbit (because Earth's rotation has carried the bulge forward). The bulge on the side furthest from the Moon has the opposite effect, but because the gravitational attraction varies inversely with the square of distance, the effect is stronger for the near-side bulge. As a result, some of Earth's angular (or rotational) momentum is gradually being transferred to the rotation of the Earth–Moon pair around their mutual centre of mass, called the barycentre. This slightly faster rotation causes the Earth–Moon distance to increase at approximately 38 millimetres per year. Conservation of angular momentum means that Earth's axial rotation is gradually slowing, and because of this its day lengthens by approximately 23 microseconds every year (excluding glacial rebound). Both figures are valid only for the current configuration of the continents. Tidal rhythmites from 620 million years ago show that, over hundreds of millions of years, the Moon receded at an average rate of  per year and the day lengthened at an average rate of 12 microseconds per year, both about half of their current values. See tidal acceleration for a more detailed description and references.

text: The notional tidal bulges are carried ahead of the Earth–Moon axis by the continents as a result of Earth's rotation. The eccentric mass of each bulge exerts a small amount of gravitational attraction on the Moon, with the bulge on the side of Earth closest to the Moon pulling in a direction slightly forward along the Moon's orbit (because Earth's rotation has carried the bulge forward). The bulge on the side furthest from the Moon has the opposite effect, but because the gravitational attraction varies inversely with the square of distance, the effect is stronger for the near-side bulge. As a result, some of Earth's angular (or rotational) momentum is gradually being transferred to the rotation of the Earth–Moon pair around their mutual centre of mass, called the barycentre. This slightly faster rotation causes the Earth–Moon distance to increase at approximately 38 millimetres per year.

text: Conservation of angular momentum

text: means that Earth's axial rotation is gradually slowing, and because of this its day lengthens by approximately 23 microseconds every year (excluding

text: glacial rebound

text: ). Both figures are valid only for the current configuration of the continents.

text: Tidal rhythmites

text: from 620 million years ago show that, over hundreds of millions of years, the Moon receded at an average rate of  per year and the day lengthened at an average rate of 12 microseconds per year, both about half of their current values. See

text: tidal acceleration

text: for a more detailed description and references.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tidal rhythmites from 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's axial rotation is gradually slowing

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's axial rotation is gradually slowing

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: over hundreds of millions of years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Moon recede?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Tidal rhythmites from 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Moon receded?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tidal

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gravitational attraction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: (because Earth's rotation has carried the bulge forward).

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 620

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's rotation.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 620 million years ago show that, over hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 620

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 620 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 620 million years

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: barycentre.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The notional tidal bulges

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: barycentre.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 38 millimetres per year.

text: The Ancients (in their own tongue Anquietas) are a fictional humanoid race in the Stargate franchise. They are called by this name in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Ancestors and Lanteans in the Pegasus galaxy. The Ancients are one of two groups of the Alterans; the other being the Ori, the main antagonists in the later seasons of Stargate SG-1. In the Stargate universe, the Ancients are one of the most technologically advanced species known to have existed. The Ancients evolved tens of millions of years ago and reached advanced level of technology long before humans evolved on Earth. They lived in the Milky Way and Pegasus galaxies prior to their ascension. The Ancients might be best known as the ones who constructed the Stargates; big ring-shaped gates allowing wormhole travel. The Stargates are commonly used by Earth humans, Goa'ulds and Wraiths as seen in the Stargate TV-series to travel and explore Milky Way and Pegasus.

text: The Ancients (in their own tongue Anquietas) are a fictional humanoid

text: race

text: in the

text: Stargate

text: franchise. They are called by this name in the

text: Milky Way galaxy

text: , and the Ancestors and Lanteans in the

text: Pegasus galaxy

text: . The Ancients are one of two groups of the Alterans; the other being the

text: Ori

text: , the main antagonists in the later seasons of

text: Stargate SG-1

text: . In the Stargate universe, the Ancients are one of the most technologically advanced species known to have existed. The Ancients evolved tens of millions of years ago and reached advanced level of

text: technology

text: long before

text: human

text: s evolved on

text: Earth

text: . They lived in the Milky Way and Pegasus galaxies prior to their ascension. The Ancients might be best known as the ones who constructed the

text: Stargates

text: ; big ring-shaped gates allowing

text: wormhole

text: travel. The Stargates are commonly used by Earth humans,

text: Goa'uld

text: s and

text: Wraiths

text: as seen in the Stargate TV-series to travel and explore Milky Way and Pegasus.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: what is the first crust made of?

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Milky Way

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans evolved on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Ancients might be best known as the ones who constructed the Stargates

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: what is the last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: how many billions of years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the abbreviation for DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many millions of years ago did the Ancients evolve?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Ancients evolve?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: what galaxy?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times have humans evolved on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humanoid

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: wormhole travel.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They lived in the Milky Way and Pegasus galaxies

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Ancients (in their own tongue Anquietas)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: tens of millions of years ago and reached advanced level of technology

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Stargates;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: tens of millions of years ago and reached advanced level of technology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humanoid

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ascension.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Goa'ulds and Wraiths

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: humans evolved on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: wormhole travel.

text: Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters associated with the Creation Research Society pointing to some passages in the Bible, which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis for example, Joshua 10:12 where the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and Psalms 93:1 where the world is described as immobile. Contemporary advocates for such religious beliefs include Robert Sungenis, co-author of the self-published Galileo Was Wrong: The Church Was Right (2006). These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a geocentric worldview. Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

text: Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters associated with the Creation Research Society pointing to some passages in the Bible, which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis for example,

text: Joshua

text: 10:12 where the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and

text: Psalms

text: 93:1 where the world is described as immobile. Contemporary advocates for such

text: religious belief

text: s include

text: Robert Sungenis

text: , co-author of the self-published Galileo Was Wrong: The Church Was Right (2006). These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a geocentric worldview. Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Sun and Moon stop in the sky?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were most likely

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the sun and moon stopped in the sky

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: geocentrism was the biblical perspective

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: its axis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Sun and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Creation Research Society

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: immobile.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis

text: The Gaia hypothesis is sometimes viewed from significantly different philosophical perspectives. Some environmentalists view it as an almost conscious process, in which the Earth's ecosystem is literally viewed as a single unified organism. Some evolutionary biologists, on the other hand, view it as an undirected emergent property of the ecosystem: as each individual species pursues its own self-interest, their combined actions tend to have counterbalancing effects on environmental change. Proponents of this view sometimes point to examples of life's actions in the past that have resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

text: The Gaia hypothesis is sometimes viewed from significantly different philosophical perspectives. Some environmentalists view it as an almost conscious process, in which the Earth's

text: ecosystem

text: is literally viewed as a single unified organism. Some evolutionary biologists, on the other hand, view it as an undirected

text: emergent property

text: of the ecosystem: as each individual species pursues its own self-interest, their combined actions tend to have counterbalancing effects on environmental change. Proponents of this view sometimes point to examples of life's actions in the past that have resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Some environmentalists view it as an almost conscious process

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: undirected

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Some evolutionary biologists, on the other hand, view it as an undirected emergent property of the ecosystem

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Gaia hypothesis is sometimes viewed from significantly different philosophical perspectives

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: individual species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the Gaia hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: undirected emergent property of the ecosystem

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Some evolutionary biologists

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: conversion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: the Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's ecosystem is literally viewed as a single unified organism.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: conscious

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: each individual species pursues its own self-interest,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: each individual species pursues its own self-interest,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: individual species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Some evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Some evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: evolutionary biologists,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Gaia hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: conversion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen-rich

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen-rich

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages. There have been at least five such ice ages in the Earth's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is currently in an ice age, in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

text: Ice cap climates have only existed in

text: ice ages

text: . There have been at least five such ice ages in the

text: Earth

text: 's past. Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes. By the geologic definition, Earth is

text: currently in an ice age

text: , in that the planet has permanent ice caps. Factors that cause ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents, the energy received from the sun, volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: has only existed in ice ages

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ice Cap climates?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Earth seems to have been ice-free even in high latitudes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in high latitudes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: changes to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many ice ages have there been?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many ice ages have there been?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many ice ages have there been?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanos

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ice-free

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: five

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice-free

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: five

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ice-free

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Ice

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By the geologic definition, Earth is currently in an ice age,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ice ages include changes to the atmosphere, the arrangement of continents,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: There have been at least five such ice ages

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ice-free even in high latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ice cap climates have only existed in ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Ice

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanos, and meteor impacts.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice caps.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ice cap climates

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ice ages.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ice caps.

text: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms, from cellularization, or from organisms in symbiotic relationships.

text: Multicellularity may have evolved from

text: colonies

text: of interdependent organisms, from

text: cellularization

text: , or from organisms in

text: symbiotic relationships

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: symbiotic relationships

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: symbiotic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: symbiotic relationships

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: colonies of interdependent organisms

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: interdependent organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how long ago did continental crust first appear on earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: symbiotic relationships

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: symbiotic relationships

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellularization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellularization,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellularization, or from organisms in symbiotic relationships.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cellularization, or from organisms in symbiotic relationships.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cellularization, or from organisms in symbiotic relationships.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Multicellularity may have evolved from colonies of interdependent organisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cellularization, or from organisms in symbiotic relationships.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellularization,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellularization,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Multicellularity

text: Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere to increase their velocity to the point where they can escape from Earth's gravity. This causes a slow but steady loss of the atmosphere into space. Because unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass, it can achieve escape velocity more readily, and it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases. The leakage of hydrogen into space contributes to the shifting of Earth's atmosphere and surface from an initially reducing state to its current oxidizing one. Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere. Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth. In the current, oxygen-rich atmosphere most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape. Instead, most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere.

text: Thermal energy causes some of the molecules at the outer edge of the atmosphere to increase their velocity to the point where they can escape from Earth's gravity. This causes a slow but steady

text: loss of the atmosphere into space

text: . Because unfixed

text: hydrogen

text: has a low

text: molecular mass

text: , it can achieve

text: escape velocity

text: more readily, and it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases. The leakage of hydrogen into space contributes to the shifting of Earth's atmosphere and surface from an initially

text: reducing

text: state to its current

text: oxidizing

text: one. Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere. Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth. In the current, oxygen-rich atmosphere most hydrogen is converted into water before it has an opportunity to escape. Instead, most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's gravity

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing state

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most of the hydrogen loss comes from the destruction of methane in the upper atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not provide a source of free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: unfixed hydrogen has a low molecular mass

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: reducing agents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unfixed hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's gravity.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing state

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it leaks into outer space at a greater rate than other gases.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravity.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: hydrogen has a low molecular mass,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's gravity.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life that developed on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life that developed on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Thermal energy

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: life that developed on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen,

text: Evidence of the details of plate motions and other tectonic activity in the Precambrian has been poorly preserved. It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed prior to 3000 Ma, and that most of the Earth's landmasses collected into a single supercontinent around 1000 Ma. The supercontinent, known as Rodinia, broke up around 600 Ma. A number of glacial periods have been identified going as far back as the Huronian epoch, roughly 2200 Ma. One of the best studied is the Sturtian-Varangian glaciation, around 600 Ma, which may have brought glacial conditions all the way to the equator, resulting in a "Snowball Earth".

text: Evidence of the details of

text: plate motions

text: and other

text: tectonic

text: activity in the Precambrian has been poorly preserved. It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed prior to 3000 Ma, and that most of the Earth's landmasses collected into a single

text: supercontinent

text: around 1000 Ma. The supercontinent, known as

text: Rodinia

text: , broke up around 600 Ma. A number of

text: glacial periods

text: have been identified going as far back as the

text: Huronian

text: epoch, roughly 2200 Ma. One of the best studied is the

text: Sturtian-Varangian

text: glaciation, around 600 Ma, which may have brought glacial conditions all the way to the equator, resulting in a "

text: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed prior to 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate motions

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed prior to 3000

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Huronian epoch?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Rodinia break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: glacial periods

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Evidence of the details of plate motions and other tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: small proto-continents existed prior to 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: small proto-continents existed prior to 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "Snowball Earth".

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia, broke up around 600 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Evidence of the details of plate motions and other tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is generally believed that small proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1000 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Snowball Earth".

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 600 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Sturtian-Varangian glaciation,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Snowball Earth".

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "Snowball Earth".

text: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels. For example, the organism may be described at any of its component levels, including the atomic, molecular, cellular, histological (tissue), organ and organ system levels. Furthermore, at every level of the hierarchy, new functions necessary for the control of life appear. These new roles are not functions that the lower level components are capable of and are thus referred to as emergent properties.

text: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels. For example, the organism may be described at any of its component levels, including the atomic, molecular, cellular, histological (tissue), organ and organ system levels. Furthermore, at every level of the hierarchy, new functions necessary for the control of life appear. These new roles are not functions that the lower level components are capable of and are thus referred to as

text: emergent properties

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: histological

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: lower level components

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: new roles are not functions that the lower level components are capable of

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide with land

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lower level components

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: the atomic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: molecular

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: histological

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: histological

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: histological

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atomic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: histological

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: atomic,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular, histological (tissue),

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: new functions necessary for the control of life appear.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: atomic,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: at every level of the hierarchy, new functions necessary for the control of life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Each level in the hierarchy can be described by its lower levels.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: emergent properties.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atomic,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: atomic, molecular, cellular,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellular,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (tissue),

text: The Okhotsk Plate is a minor tectonic plate covering the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island and Tōhoku and Hokkaidō in Japan.  It was formerly considered a part of the North American Plate, but recent studies indicate that it is an independent plate, bounded on the north by the North American Plate. The boundary is a left-lateral moving transform fault, the Ulakhan Fault.  On the east, the plate is bounded by the Pacific Plate at the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and the Japan Trench, on the south by the Philippine Sea Plate at the Nankai Trough, on the west by the Eurasian Plate, and possibly on the southwest by the Amurian Plate.

text: The Okhotsk Plate is a minor

text: tectonic plate

text: covering the

text: Sea of Okhotsk

text: , the

text: Kamchatka Peninsula

text: Sakhalin Island

text: and

text: Tōhoku

text: and

text: Hokkaidō

text: in

text: Japan

text: .  It was formerly considered a part of the

text: North American Plate

text: , but recent studies indicate that it is an independent plate, bounded on the north by the North American Plate. The boundary is a

text: left-lateral

text: moving

text: transform fault

text: , the

text: Ulakhan Fault

text: .  On the east, the plate is bounded by the

text: Pacific Plate

text: at the

text: Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

text: and the

text: Japan Trench

text: , on the south by the

text: Philippine Sea Plate

text: at the

text: Nankai Trough

text: , on the west by the

text: Eurasian Plate

text: , and possibly on the southwest by the

text: Amurian Plate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The boundary is a left-lateral moving transform fault, the Ulakhan Fault

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was formerly considered to be part of the North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many plates does the Okhotsk Plate cover?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Okhotsk Plate is a minor tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Amurian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: left-lateral moving transform fault,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: recent studies indicate that it is an independent plate,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Amurian Plate.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: left-lateral moving transform fault,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Okhotsk Plate

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: North American Plate.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: left-lateral moving transform fault, the Ulakhan Fault.

text: The plot of Stargate SG-1 picks up a year after the conclusion of the events recounted in the original feature film. It follows the present-day adventures of SG-1, a military team from Earth. SG-1 and a dozen other SG teams venture to distant planets using a fictional alien portal known as a Stargate, which in the series is housed in a top-secret United States Air Force military base known as Stargate Command (SGC) in the underground Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado Springs, Colorado. In the first eight seasons, the mission of the SG teams is to explore the galaxy and search for alien technology and allies to defend Earth against the Goa'uld, a snake-like parasitic alien race that takes humans as unwilling hosts. As explained in the series' backstory, the Goa'uld had transported human slaves from Earth to other habitable planets across the galaxy thousands of years ago and now pose as gods of old Earth mythologies, particularly Ancient Egypt. SG-1 eventually learns that highly evolved human-like beings, known as the Ancients, had originally built the Stargate network millions of years earlier, before ascending to a higher plane of existence, after which they pledged not to  interfere in the lives of other species. The Ori, a faction of the same race as the Ancients who instead use their powers to subjugate other species by religious indoctrination, assume the role of the main antagonists in seasons 9 and 10.

text: The plot of Stargate SG-1 picks up a year after the conclusion of the events recounted in the

text: original feature film

text: . It follows the present-day adventures of SG-1, a military team from Earth. SG-1 and a dozen other SG teams venture to distant planets using a fictional alien portal known as a

text: Stargate

text: , which in the series is housed in a top-secret

text: United States Air Force

text: military base known as

text: Stargate Command

text: (SGC) in the underground

text: Cheyenne Mountain Complex

text: in

text: Colorado Springs, Colorado

text: . In the first eight seasons, the mission of the SG teams is to explore the galaxy and search for alien technology and allies to defend Earth against the

text: Goa'uld

text: , a snake-like parasitic alien race that takes humans as unwilling hosts. As explained in the series' backstory, the Goa'uld had transported human slaves from

text: Earth

text: to other habitable planets across the galaxy thousands of years ago and now pose as gods of old Earth mythologies, particularly

text: Ancient Egypt

text: . SG-1 eventually learns that highly evolved human-like beings, known as the

text: Ancients

text: , had originally built the Stargate network millions of years earlier, before

text: ascending to a higher plane of existence

text: , after which they pledged not to  interfere in the lives of other species. The

text: Ori

text: , a faction of the same race as the Ancients who instead use their powers to subjugate other species by religious indoctrination, assume the role of the main antagonists in seasons

text: and

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Ancients had originally built the Stargate network millions of years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Human slaves

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: SG-1 and a dozen other SG teams venture to distant planets using a fictional alien portal known as a Stargate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: millions of years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: SG-1 eventually learns that highly evolved human-like beings

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Goa'uld take humans as unwilling hosts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: millions of years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many species are in the universe?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Ancients build the Stargate network?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take the Ancients to build the Stargate network?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What was the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How long ago did the Goa'uld transport human slaves?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How long ago did the first oxygen on Earth combine with iron to form iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: what is the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How long ago did the Ediacara fauna evolve toward the end of the Precambrian Era?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ori

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: human slaves

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: religious indoctrination,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Ancients, had originally built the Stargate network millions of years earlier,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancients, had originally built the Stargate network millions of years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ascending to a higher plane of existence,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth against the Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ancients, had originally built the Stargate network millions

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancient Egypt.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: millions of years earlier,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ori,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: species.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ascending to a higher plane of existence,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: alien technology and allies to defend Earth against the Goa'uld,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Ori,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Goa'uld,

text: A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor may have occurred on Venus. In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean. As the brightness of the early Sun increased, the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increased, increasing the temperature and consequently increasing the evaporation of the ocean, leading eventually to the situation in which the oceans boiled, and all of the water vapor entered the atmosphere. On Venus today there is little water vapor in the atmosphere. If water vapor did contribute to the warmth of Venus at one time, this water is thought to have escaped to space. Some evidence for this scenario comes from the extremely high deuterium to hydrogen ratio in Venus' atmosphere, roughly 150 times that of Earth, since light hydrogen would escape from the atmosphere more readily than its heavier isotope, deuterium.  Venus is sufficiently strongly heated by the Sun that water vapor can rise much higher in the atmosphere and be split into hydrogen and oxygen by ultraviolet light. The hydrogen can then escape from the atmosphere and the oxygen recombines. Carbon dioxide, the dominant greenhouse gas in the current Venusian atmosphere, owes its larger concentration to the weakness of carbon recycling as compared to Earth, where the carbon dioxide emitted from volcanoes is efficiently subducted into the Earth by plate tectonics on geologic time scales.

text: A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor may have occurred on

text: Venus

text: . In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean. As the brightness of the early Sun increased, the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increased, increasing the temperature and consequently increasing the evaporation of the ocean, leading eventually to the situation in which the oceans boiled, and all of the water vapor entered the atmosphere. On Venus today there is little water vapor in the atmosphere. If water vapor did contribute to the warmth of Venus at one time, this water is thought to have escaped to space. Some evidence for this scenario comes from the extremely high deuterium to hydrogen ratio in Venus' atmosphere, roughly 150 times that of Earth, since light hydrogen would escape from the atmosphere more readily than its heavier

text: isotope

text: deuterium

text: .  Venus is sufficiently strongly heated by the Sun that water vapor can rise much higher in the atmosphere and be split into

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: oxygen

text: by ultraviolet light. The hydrogen can then escape from the atmosphere and the oxygen recombines. Carbon dioxide, the dominant greenhouse gas in the current Venusian atmosphere, owes its larger concentration to the weakness of carbon recycling as compared to

text: Earth

text: , where the carbon dioxide emitted from volcanoes is efficiently

text: subducted

text: into the Earth by plate tectonics on geologic time scales.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: deuterium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: global oceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Venus is sufficiently strongly heated by the Sun that water vapor can rise much higher in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have a global ocean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: global ocean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: deuterium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ultraviolet light.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: On Venus today there is little water vapor in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Venus. In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Venus. In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 150 times that of Earth,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Venus. In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 150 times that of Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: carbon dioxide and water vapor may have occurred on Venus.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Venus. In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Venus.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide,

text: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences, but often exhibit different phenotypes. One way in which this individuality occurs is through changes in genome architecture, which can alter the expression of different sets of genes. These alterations can have a downstream effect on cellular functions such as cell cycle facilitation, DNA replication, nuclear transport, and alteration of nuclear structure. DNA packaging within the nucleus results in distinct configurations and regions to promote specific inter- and intra-chromatin, protein, and larger nuclear structure interactions. From DNA looping to formation of higher-order chromatin structures to chromosome territories, nuclear genome organization is essential for proper cellular function.

text: Cells

text: within an organism have near identical

text: nucleic acid sequence

text: s, but often exhibit different

text: phenotype

text: s. One way in which this individuality occurs is through changes in

text: genome

text: architecture, which can alter the

text: expression

text: of different sets of

text: gene

text: s. These alterations can have a downstream effect on cellular functions such as

text: cell cycle

text: facilitation,

text: DNA replication

text: nuclear transport

text: , and alteration of

text: nuclear

text: structure.

text: DNA packaging

text: within the nucleus results in distinct configurations and regions to promote specific inter- and intra-chromatin, protein, and larger nuclear structure interactions. From DNA looping to formation of higher-order

text: chromatin

text: structures to

text: chromosome

text: territories, nuclear genome organization is essential for proper cellular function.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: chromosome territories

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: chromosome territories

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA replication

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: DNA packaging within the nucleus results in distinct configurations and regions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have near identical nucleic acid sequence

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: nucleic acid sequences change

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is one way in which this individuality occurs?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is one way in which this individuality occurs

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: protein

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA replication,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: changes in genome architecture,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: changes in genome architecture,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: changes in genome architecture,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: different phenotypes.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: changes in genome architecture,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cells within an organism have near identical nucleic acid sequences,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: DNA replication, nuclear transport,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: DNA replication, nuclear transport, and alteration of nuclear structure.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: protein,

text: When DC made use of its multiverse means of continuity tracking between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, it was declared that the Daily Star was the newspapers name in the Golden Age or "Earth-Two" versions of Clark Kent, Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, while the Daily Planet was used in the Silver Age or "Earth-One" versions. The Clark Kent of Earth-Two eventually became the editor-in-chief of the Daily Star, something his Earth-One counterpart did not achieve.

text: When DC made use of its

text: multiverse

text: means of continuity tracking between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, it was declared that the Daily Star was the newspapers name in the

text: Golden Age

text: or "Earth-Two" versions of Clark Kent, Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, while the Daily Planet was used in the

text: Silver Age

text: or "Earth-One" versions. The

text: Clark Kent of Earth-Two

text: eventually became the editor-in-chief of the Daily Star, something his Earth-One counterpart did not achieve.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Daily Star

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Clark Kent of Earth-Two eventually became the editor-in-chief of the Daily Star

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-Two

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth One

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many versions of Clark Kent were there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth One

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Mercury

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Daily Planet

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Clark Kent of Earth-Two

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multiverse

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Silver Age or "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth-Two

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Jimmy Olsen,

text: In 2011, DC Comics rebooted its continuity and relaunched its entire line of comic books under the rubric The New 52, with a new version of Superman as the protagonist of the Superman books. In this new version of events, Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver when he was a teenager, and he is not married to Lois. In this continity, he first encounters Lex Luthor early in his career as a superhero. Luthor, who is working for the government, tortures him in order to find out the limits of his powers. Superman eventually manages to escape, however. In Superman vol. 2, #43 (October 2015) Superman's identity is exposed to the world. The pre-New 52 version of Superman was re-introduced in the comic book series Superman: Lois and Clark  and for a time Earth had two superheroes each called Superman. The older, more mature Superman remained on Earth after the younger Superman died in Superman vol. 3, #52 (May 25, 2016).

text: In 2011, DC Comics rebooted its continuity and relaunched its entire line of comic books under the rubric

text: The New 52

text: , with a new version of Superman as the protagonist of the Superman books. In this new version of events, Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver when he was a teenager, and he is not married to Lois. In this continity, he first encounters Lex Luthor early in his career as a superhero. Luthor, who is working for the government, tortures him in order to find out the limits of his powers. Superman eventually manages to escape, however. In Superman vol. 2, #43 (October 2015) Superman's identity is exposed to the world. The pre-New 52 version of Superman was re-introduced in the comic book series Superman: Lois and Clark  and for a time Earth had two superheroes each called Superman. The older, more mature Superman remained on Earth after the younger Superman died in Superman vol. 3, #52 (May 25, 2016).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Clark's parents were killed

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two superheroes each called what?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The older, more mature Superman remained on Earth after the younger Superman died in Superman vol. 3, #52

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: How many years after DC Comics rebooted its continuity and relaunched its entire line of comic books

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and other planets merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 50 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Superman

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after DC Comics rebooted its continuity did Superman die?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many superheroes did Earth have?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many superheroes each called Superman?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did DC Comics reboot its continuity

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Superman

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two superheroes each called Superman.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: killed by a drunk driver

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: he is not married to Lois.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (May 25, 2016).

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth had two superheroes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth had two superheroes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The New 52,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Superman

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth had two superheroes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Clark's parents were killed by a drunk driver

text: The Tiangong-1 was launched September 2011 with an intended two year service span. After the last crew departed the module in June 2013 it was put into sleep mode and it was intended that it would remain in orbit for some time, allowing China to collect data on the longevity of key components before being commanded to gradually re-enter the atmosphere. On 21 March 2016 the Manned Space Engineering Office announced that they had disabled data service since the space station had operated two and half years longer than its intended two year service plan. According to the office, the space laboratory is under continued and close monitoring until it finally burns up in the earth atmosphere. Its orbit will descend gradually in the coming months, and the space laboratory will eventually be destroyed by heat in Earth's atmosphere around 2016 to 2017.  Harvard astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell, among others, has noted that parts of the craft such as the rocket engines are probably too dense to be burnt up upon re-entry and may result in chunks of debris up 100 kg in weight falling to the Earth's surface, with little possibility of predicting where they may crash.

text: The Tiangong-1 was launched September 2011 with an intended two year service span. After the last crew departed the module in June 2013 it was put into

text: sleep mode

text: and it was intended that it would remain in orbit for some time, allowing China to collect data on the longevity of key components before being commanded to gradually re-enter the atmosphere. On 21 March 2016 the Manned Space Engineering Office announced that they had disabled data service since the space station had operated two and half years longer than its intended two year service plan. According to the office, the space laboratory is under continued and close monitoring until it finally burns up in the earth atmosphere. Its orbit will descend gradually in the coming months, and the space laboratory will eventually be destroyed by heat in Earth's atmosphere around 2016 to 2017.  Harvard astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell, among others, has noted that parts of the craft such as the rocket engines are probably too dense to be burnt up upon re-entry and may result in chunks of debris up 100 kg in weight falling to the Earth's surface, with little possibility of predicting where they may crash.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Tiangong-1

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tiangong-1

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the space laboratory will eventually be destroyed by heat in Earth's atmosphere around 2016 to 2017

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere warms

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It was intended that it would remain in orbit for some time

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years after the Tiangong-1 was launched was it put into sleep mode?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after the Tiangong-1 was launched was it put into sleep mode?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many years after the Tiangong-1 was launched was it put into sleep mode?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which happened first, the Tiangong-1 was launched or the Manned Space Engineering Office announced that they had disabled data service?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: burning up

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tiangong-1

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rocket engines

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 2016 to 2017. Harvard astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the space laboratory will eventually be destroyed by heat in Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: heat in Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Tiangong-1 was launched September 2011

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Tiangong-1 was launched September 2011

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Tiangong-1 was launched September 2011

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2016 to 2017.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 2011

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's atmosphere around 2016 to 2017. Harvard astrophysicist

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: sleep mode

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Tiangong-1

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 2017.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: data service

text: Atomic oxygen, denoted O(P), O(3P) or O((3)P), is very reactive, as the single atoms of oxygen tend to quickly bond with nearby molecules; on Earth's surface it does not exist naturally for very long, though in outer space, the presence of plenty of ultraviolet radiation results in a low Earth orbit atmosphere in which 96% of the oxygen occurs in atomic form.

text: Atomic oxygen, denoted O(P), O(3P) or O((3)P), is very reactive, as the single atoms of oxygen tend to quickly bond with nearby molecules; on Earth's surface it does not exist naturally for very long, though in

text: outer space

text: , the presence of plenty of

text: ultraviolet radiation

text: results in a

text: low Earth orbit

text: atmosphere in which 96% of the oxygen occurs in atomic form.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: O(P)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a low Earth orbit atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: On Earth's surface it does not exist naturally for very long

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: do not exist naturally for very long

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: O(P)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: atoms of oxygen bond with nearby molecules

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: atoms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: quickly bond with nearby molecules;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: on Earth's surface it does not exist naturally for very long,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molecules;

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: atomic form.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ultraviolet radiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Atomic oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Atomic oxygen,

text: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt was a  'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower emerging from a 'V' of foliage or petals resembling the 'akhet' hieroglyph depicting the setting or rising sun at the point where it touches the two mountains of the horizon – 'dying', being 'reborn' and giving life to the earth. A second form, apparently evolved from this, is a  more fully developed palmette similar to the forms found in Ancient Greece.

text: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt was a  'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower emerging from a 'V' of foliage or petals resembling the '

text: akhet

text: ' hieroglyph depicting the setting or rising sun at the point where it touches the two mountains of the horizon – 'dying', being 'reborn' and giving life to the earth. A second form, apparently evolved from this, is a  more fully developed palmette similar to the forms found in Ancient Greece.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a 'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The setting or rising sun

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A second form, apparently evolved from this, is a more fully developed palmette similar to the forms found in Ancient Greece

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the sun sets

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lotus flower

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: a rosette

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 'dying'

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: dying

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Greece.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a 'V' of foliage or petals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ancient Greece.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 'dying',

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: being'reborn'

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a more fully developed palmette similar to the forms found in Ancient Greece.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a 'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: giving life to the earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ancient Greece.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: a 'rosette' or daisy-like lotus flower

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Greece.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 'dying', being'reborn' and giving life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Greece.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ancient Greece.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette in ancient Egypt

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 'dying', being'reborn' and giving life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Among the oldest forms of the palmette

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: petals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 'dying',

text: The Llorn tell Fairlie that they know his people come from Earth, are descendants of the ancient Vanryn, and have violated the Llorn's ban on Vanryn space flight. They go on to state the reasons for the ancient war. Llorn do not colonise other planets, because they value the diversity of intelligent life which evolution naturally produces on different worlds. The Vanryn, in their spacefaring days, valued only their own species, set up colonies on other worlds, and thereby prevented evolution from taking its natural course. To show what they mean about evolutionary diversity, the Llorn lift the veil of shadow that surrounds them, revealing their physical forms — they are two-legged, two-armed humanlike beings, but their bodies differ in several visible ways from those of Earth people — for instance, they don't have necks. They tell Fairlie that they have decided not to go to war with Earth, even though Earth people have begun to fly to other stars. They simply want to warn Earth people not to repeat the vainglorious and ultimately self-defeating behaviour of their Vanryn ancestors. The story ends with Fairlie and his companions about to return to Earth, uncertain how the message from the Llorn will be received.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: did the Vanryn value only their own species

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What did the Vanryn value?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth people fly to other stars

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why do the Llorn not colonize other planets?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did evolution take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: What are the reasons for the ancient war?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why do the Llorn not colonize other planets?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: colonization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Vanryn

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth, are descendants of the ancient Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth, are descendants of the ancient Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: necks.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Llorn do not colonise other planets,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: two-legged, two-armed humanlike beings,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth, are descendants of the ancient Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: they don't have necks.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evolution naturally produces on different worlds.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: they don't have necks.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: they don't have necks.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: intelligent life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth people have begun to fly to other stars.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Vanryn,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: necks.

text: Like other early presentations of Lovelock’s idea, the Lovelock-Margulis 1974 paper seemed to give living organisms complete agency in creating planetary self-regulation, whereas later, as the idea matured, this planetary-scale self-regulation was recognized as an emergent property of the Earth system, life and its physical environment taken together (Lovelock, 1988). When climatologist Stephen Schneider convened the 1989 American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference around the issue of Gaia, the idea of “strong Gaia” and “weak Gaia” was introduced by James Kirchner, after which Margulis was sometimes associated with the idea of “weak Gaia,” incorrectly (her essay "Gaia is a Tough Bitch" dates from 1995 – and it stated her own distinction from Lovelock as she saw it, which was primarily that she did not like the metaphor of Earth as a single organism, because, she said, "No organism eats its own waste"). In her 1998 book Symbiotic Planet, Margulis explored the relationship between Gaia and her work on symbiosis.

text: Like other early presentations of Lovelock’s idea, the Lovelock-Margulis 1974 paper seemed to give living organisms complete agency in creating planetary self-regulation, whereas later, as the idea matured, this planetary-scale self-regulation was recognized as an emergent property of the

text: Earth system

text: , life and its physical environment taken together (Lovelock, 1988). When climatologist Stephen Schneider convened the 1989 American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference around the issue of Gaia, the idea of “strong Gaia” and “weak Gaia” was introduced by James Kirchner, after which Margulis was sometimes associated with the idea of “weak Gaia,” incorrectly (her essay "Gaia is a Tough Bitch" dates from 1995 – and it stated her own distinction from Lovelock as she saw it, which was primarily that she did not like the metaphor of Earth as a single organism, because, she said, "No organism eats its own waste"). In her 1998 book Symbiotic Planet, Margulis explored the relationship between Gaia and her work on symbiosis.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth as a single organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Margulis explored the relationship between Gaia and her work on symbiosis.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "No organism eats its own waste

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Gaia eats its own waste

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after Lovelock-Margulis 1974 paper seemed to give living organisms complete agency in creating planetary self-regulation?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Lovelock-Margulis 1974 paper seemed to give living organisms complete agency

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: No organism eats its own waste

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: symbiosis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "No organism eats its own waste"

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: living organisms complete agency in creating planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1989

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: planetary-scale self-regulation

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: living organisms complete agency in creating planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: symbiosis.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gaia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the Lovelock-Margulis 1974

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Lovelock-Margulis 1974

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the Lovelock-Margulis 1974 paper seemed to give living organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Lovelock-Margulis 1974

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the Lovelock-Margulis 1974

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Lovelock-Margulis 1974

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: planetary self-regulation,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: waste").

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "No organism eats its own waste").

text: Nasal cannula used for medical gas delivery are usually limited to delivery of 1–6 liters of flow per minute. The percent oxygen inhaled by the patient (FiO2), usually ranges roughly 24–35% as the pure oxygen delivered from the cannula is diluted by entrainment of ambient air (21% oxygen). Flow rates for delivery of oxygen using typical nasal cannula are limited because medical oxygen is anhydrous, and when delivered from a pressurized source the gas cools as it expands with the drop to atmospheric pressure.  Delivery of cold dry gas is irritating to the respiratory mucosa, can cause drying and bleeding of the nasal mucosa and can increase metabolic demand by cooling the body.

text: Nasal cannula

text: used for medical gas delivery are usually limited to delivery of 1–6 liters of flow per minute. The percent oxygen inhaled by the patient (

text: ), usually ranges roughly 24–35% as the pure oxygen delivered from the cannula is diluted by entrainment of ambient air (21% oxygen). Flow rates for delivery of oxygen using typical nasal cannula are limited because medical oxygen is

text: anhydrous

text: , and when delivered from a pressurized source the gas cools as it expands with the drop to atmospheric pressure.  Delivery of cold dry gas is irritating to the respiratory mucosa, can cause drying and bleeding of the nasal mucosa and can increase metabolic demand by cooling the body.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nasal cannula

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nasal cannula used for medical gas delivery are usually limited to delivery of 1–6 liters of flow per minute

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: respiratory mucosa

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many liters of flow per minute?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: how many liters of flow per minute

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many liters of flow per minute

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many liters of flow per minute is the percent oxygen inhaled by the patient?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many liters of flow per minute?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gas delivery

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: pressure.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Delivery of cold dry gas is irritating to the respiratory mucosa,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: drop to atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Nasal cannula

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: (FiO2),

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Nasal

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Nasal cannula

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: (FiO2),

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 24–35%

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1–6 liters of flow per minute.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Nasal cannula

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: entrainment of ambient air

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Nasal cannula

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen inhaled by the patient (FiO2),

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (FiO2),

text: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the Big Bang. Surviving the explosion, they endured and eventually passed their power into the human Martin Trueman, a low-level middle-aged conman, in Secrets of the Stars. The Ancient Lights gave Trueman the power to control all life by way of astrological signs, as well as other powers such as energy blasts. These powers were based on ancient physics from the Light's native universe. Through Trueman, the Lights intended to enslave all life as they had done in their own universe. Luke Smith's artificial birth meant he had no astrological sign and could not be controlled by the Ancient Lights, allowing him to break Trueman's hold over the people of Earth. As the Ancient Lights began to fade, Trueman (who had long believed he would have a special destiny) refused to give up his connection and became one with the Lights.

text: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the

text: Big Bang

text: . Surviving the explosion, they endured and eventually passed their power into the human Martin Trueman, a low-level middle-aged conman, in

text: Secrets of the Stars

text: . The Ancient Lights gave Trueman the power to control all life by way of astrological signs, as well as other powers such as energy blasts. These powers were based on ancient physics from the Light's native universe. Through Trueman, the Lights intended to enslave all life as they had done in their own universe. Luke Smith's artificial birth meant he had no astrological sign and could not be controlled by the Ancient Lights, allowing him to break Trueman's hold over the people of Earth. As the Ancient Lights began to fade, Trueman (who had long believed he would have a special destiny) refused to give up his connection and became one with the Lights.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ancient physics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: before the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many astrological signs did Luke Smith have?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Luke Smith's artificial birth meant he had no astrological sign

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: before the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancient Lights

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the full name of the entity that passed their power to Martin Trueman?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How did the Ancient Lights control a universe before the Big Bang?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or the Big Bang?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many universes did the Ancient Lights control?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Ancient Lights

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: astrological signs,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: artificial birth

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: refused to give up his connection and became one with the Lights.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancient Lights

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ancient Lights were entities that controlled a universe before the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: artificial birth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: energy blasts.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: energy blasts.

text: In the natural world, synergistic phenomena are ubiquitous, ranging from physics (for example, the different combinations of quarks that produce protons and neutrons) to chemistry (a popular example is water, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen), to the cooperative interactions among the genes in genomes, the division of labor in bacterial colonies, the synergies of scale in multi-cellular organisms, as well as the many different kinds of synergies produced by socially-organized groups, from honeybee colonies to wolf packs and human societies: compare stigmergy, a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions that results in the self-assembly of complex systems. Even the tools and technologies that are widespread in the natural world represent important sources of synergistic effects. The tools that enabled early hominins to become systematic big-game hunters is a primordial human example.

text: In the natural world, synergistic phenomena are ubiquitous, ranging from physics (for example, the different combinations of quarks that produce protons and neutrons) to chemistry (a popular example is water, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen), to the cooperative interactions among the genes in genomes, the division of labor in bacterial colonies, the synergies of scale in multi-cellular organisms, as well as the many different kinds of synergies produced by socially-organized groups, from honeybee colonies to wolf packs and human societies: compare

text: stigmergy

text: , a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions that results in the

text: self-assembly

text: of

text: complex system

text: s. Even the tools and technologies that are widespread in the natural world represent important sources of synergistic effects. The tools that enabled early

text: hominin

text: s to become systematic big-game hunters is a primordial human example.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen and oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: tools that enabled early hominins to become systematic big-game hunters

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cooperative interactions among the genes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: In the natural world, synergistic phenomena are ubiquitous

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: different combinations of quarks

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hominins

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the cooperative interactions among the genes in genomes?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the synergies of scale

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: tools that enabled early hominins to become systematic big-game hunters

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacterial colonies

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemistry

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genomes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: honeybee colonies to wolf packs

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen and oxygen),

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: quarks that produce protons and neutrons)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: hominins to become systematic big-game hunters

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tools and technologies

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: synergistic phenomena are ubiquitous,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hominins

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: self-assembly

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacterial colonies,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacterial colonies,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genes in genomes,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: synergies of scale in multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genes in genomes,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: synergies of scale in multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacterial colonies,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacterial colonies,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: synergistic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: genomes,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemistry

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genomes,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water,

text: The movement of Earth's plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a super-continent containing most or all of the landmass. The earliest known super-continent was Vaalbara. It formed from proto-continents and was a super-continent 3.1 billion years ago. Vaalbara broke up c. 2.8 Ga ago. The super-continent Kenorland was formed c. 2.7 Ga ago and then broke sometime after 2.5 Ga into the proto-continent cratons called Laurentia, Baltica, Australia, and Kalahari. The super-continent Columbia or Nuna formed 2.0–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The super-continent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago, to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents and to have broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago.

text: The movement of Earth's

text: plates

text: has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a super-continent containing most or all of the landmass. The earliest known super-continent was

text: Vaalbara

text: . It formed from proto-continents and was a super-continent 3.1 billion years ago.

text: Vaalbara

text: broke up c. 2.8

text: Ga

text: ago. The super-continent

text: Kenorland

text: was formed c. 2.7

text: Ga

text: ago and then broke sometime after 2.5

text: Ga

text: into the proto-continent

text: craton

text: s called

text: Laurentia

text: Baltica

text: Australia

text: , and

text: Kalahari

text: . The super-continent

text: Columbia

text: or Nuna formed 2.0–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The super-continent

text: Rodinia

text: is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago, to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents and to have broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents did Vaalbara contain?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The earliest known super-continent was Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago did Vaalbara break up?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It formed from proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Vaalbara break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: a super-continent

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The movement of Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: super-continent containing most or all of the landmass.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: movement of Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.1 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The movement of Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The movement of Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.1 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: proto-continents and was a super-continent

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2.8 Ga ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The earliest known super-continent was Vaalbara.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The movement of Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 2.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: proto-continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: super-continent containing most or all of the landmass.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cratons

text: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism (field metabolic rate, that includes the activity of the organism) are couched in terms of the product between average basal metabolic rate, and number of cells.  This, plus capillary terminal size invariance, leaves the equation open to the criticism that it cannot possibly account for spikes in metabolic rate needed for motor activity.  Too much blood would be required.  This intimates that as proposed and popularly handled, the equation does not have the relevance to biology claimed, and is based upon assumptions that are not part of the equation, like fractality.

text: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism (field metabolic rate, that includes the activity of the organism) are couched in terms of the product between average basal metabolic rate, and number of cells.  This, plus capillary terminal size invariance, leaves the equation open to the criticism that it cannot possibly account for spikes in metabolic rate needed for motor activity.  Too much blood would be required.  This intimates that as proposed and popularly handled, the equation does not have the relevance to biology claimed, and is based upon assumptions that are not part of the equation, like fractality.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fractality

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Too much blood would be required

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: lava cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is fractality?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Too much blood

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: capillary terminal size invariance,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it cannot possibly account for spikes in metabolic rate needed for motor activity.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fractality.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metabolic rate

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Attempts to understand the metabolic rate of a multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: blood

text: These three domains of life represent the main evolutionary lineages of early cellular life and currently include Bacteria, Archaea (single-celled organisms superficially similar to bacteria), and Eukarya. Eukarya includes only organisms having a well-defined nucleus, such as fungi, protists, and all organisms in the plant and animals kingdoms (see figure).

text: These three domains of life represent the main evolutionary lineages of early cellular life and currently include

text: Bacteria

text: Archaea

text: (single-celled organisms superficially similar to bacteria), and

text: Eukarya

text: . Eukarya includes only organisms having a well-defined nucleus, such as

text: fungi

text: protist

text: s, and all organisms in the plant and animals kingdoms (see figure).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Eukarya includes only organisms having a well-defined nucleus

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Bacteria and Archaea merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for what?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Archaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a well-defined nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early cellular life

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: well-defined nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: fungi, protists,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Eukarya.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evolutionary lineages of early cellular life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Bacteria, Archaea

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellular life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Eukarya

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Archaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleus,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fungi, protists,

text: The ideas of Anaximander (c. 610 BC-c. 545 BC): considered by later Greek writers to be the true founder of geography, come to us through fragments quoted by his successors. Anaximander is credited with the invention of the gnomon, the simple, yet efficient Greek instrument that allowed the early measurement of latitude. Thales is also credited with the prediction of eclipses. The foundations of geography can be traced to the ancient cultures, such as the ancient, medieval, and early modern Chinese. The Greeks, who were the first to explore geography as both art and science, achieved this through Cartography, Philosophy, and Literature, or through Mathematics. There is some debate about who was the first person to assert that the Earth is spherical in shape, with the credit going either to Parmenides or Pythagoras. Anaxagoras was able to demonstrate that the profile of the Earth was circular by explaining eclipses. However, he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk, as did many of his contemporaries. One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by Eratosthenes.

text: The ideas of

text: Anaximander

text: (c. 610 BC-c. 545 BC): considered by later Greek writers to be the true founder of geography, come to us through fragments quoted by his successors. Anaximander is credited with the invention of the

text: gnomon

text: , the simple, yet efficient Greek instrument that allowed the early measurement of

text: latitude

text: . Thales is also credited with the prediction of eclipses. The foundations of geography can be traced to the ancient cultures, such as the ancient, medieval, and early modern

text: Chinese

text: . The

text: Greeks

text: , who were the first to explore geography as both

text: art

text: and

text: science

text: , achieved this through

text: Cartography

text: Philosophy

text: , and

text: Literature

text: , or through

text: Mathematics

text: . There is some debate about who was the first person to assert that the

text: Earth is spherical

text: in shape, with the credit going either to

text: Parmenides

text: or

text: Pythagoras

text: Anaxagoras

text: was able to demonstrate that the profile of the Earth was circular by explaining

text: eclipse

text: s. However, he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk, as did many of his contemporaries. One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by

text: Eratosthenes

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a flat disk

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 610 BC

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ancient

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a person: Parmenides, Pythagoras, or the Greeks?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eratosthenes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: flat disk,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 610 BC-c. 545 BC):

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient, medieval, and early modern Chinese.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flat disk,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The ideas of Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Earth is spherical in shape,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 610 BC-c. 545 BC):

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Chinese.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Parmenides or Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient cultures, such as the ancient, medieval, and early modern Chinese.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Anaximander

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eratosthenes.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Parmenides or Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Chinese.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gnomon,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Chinese.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gnomon,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: gnomon,

text: Echoes of Life: What Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth History, published in 2009, is a work of non-fiction that provides an up-to-date survey of the interdisciplinary field of organic geochemistry, using the history of discovery, from early experiments in the 1930s to modern areas of research, to make the material accessible to students and scientists in different fields.

text: Echoes of Life: What Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth History, published in 2009, is a work of non-fiction that provides an up-to-date survey of the interdisciplinary field of organic geochemistry, using the history of discovery, from early experiments in the 1930s to modern areas of research, to make the material accessible to students and scientists in different fields.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic geochemistry

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: What Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Fossil molecules

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The book provides an up-to-date survey of organic geochemistry

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the 1930s

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the first paragraph of Echoes of Life: What Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth History?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What does Echoes of Life reveal about Earth History?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the main idea of Echoes of Life?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen in Earths early atmosphere became ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Fossil Molecules Reveal about Earth History

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: organic geochemistry

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossil molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic geochemistry

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth History,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic geochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1930s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Fossil Molecules

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Life:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: organic geochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: to make the material accessible to students and scientists in different fields.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Fossil Molecules

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth History,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1930s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Fossil Molecules

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth History,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Echoes of Life:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early experiments in the 1930s

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Life:

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: organic geochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: organic geochemistry,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Life:

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Fossil Molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic geochemistry,

text: Huttonite is dimorphic with thorite. Thorite crystallizes in a higher symmetry and lower density tetragonal form in which the thorium atoms coordinate to one less oxygen atom in an octahedral arrangement. Thorite is stable at lower temperatures than huttonite; at 1 atmosphere, the thorite–huttonite phase transition occurs between 1210 and 1225 °C. With increasing pressure the transition temperature increases. This relatively high transition temperature is thought to explain the relative rarity of huttonite on the Earth's crust. Unlike thorite, huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

text: Huttonite is

text: dimorphic

text: with

text: thorite

text: . Thorite crystallizes in a higher symmetry and lower density

text: tetragonal

text: form in which the thorium atoms coordinate to one less oxygen atom in an octahedral arrangement. Thorite is stable at lower temperatures than huttonite; at 1 atmosphere, the thorite–huttonite phase transition occurs between 1210 and 1225 °C. With increasing pressure the transition temperature increases. This relatively high transition temperature is thought to explain the relative rarity of huttonite on the Earth's crust. Unlike thorite, huttonite is not affected by

text: metamictization

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: thorium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: huttonite

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thorium

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metamictization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Unlike thorite, huttonite is not affected by metamictization

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Huttonite

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: huttonite

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: thorite crystallizes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1225 °C

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: thorite

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: With increasing pressure the transition temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most likely reason for the relative rarity of huttonite on the Earth's crust?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did the Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metamictization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 1 atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: thorium

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: thorium

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Huttonite is dimorphic with thorite.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: thorite.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1210 and 1225 °C.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thorite.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Huttonite is dimorphic with thorite.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1210 and 1225 °C.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: thorite.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1210 and 1225 °C.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: thorite.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen atom

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen atom in an octahedral arrangement.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: huttonite is not affected by metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Huttonite

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metamictization.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Huttonite

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Huttonite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Huttonite

text: The above generic equation starts with two reactants: some piece of organic matter (composed of organic carbon) and an oxidant. Most organic carbon exists in a reduced form which is then oxidized by the oxidant (such as O) into carbon dioxide and energy that can be harnessed by the organism. This process generally produces CO, water and a collection of simple nutrients like nitrate or phosphate that can then be taken up by other organisms. The above general form, when considering O as the oxidant, is the equation for respiration. In this context specifically, the above equation represents bacterial respiration though the reactants and products are essentially analogous to the short-hand equations used for multi-cellular respiration.

text: The above generic equation starts with two reactants: some piece of organic matter (composed of organic carbon) and an oxidant. Most organic carbon exists in a reduced form which is then oxidized by the oxidant (such as O) into

text: carbon

text: dioxide and energy that can be harnessed by the organism. This process generally produces CO, water and a collection of simple nutrients like nitrate or phosphate that can then be taken up by other organisms. The above general form, when considering O as the oxidant, is the equation for respiration. In this context specifically, the above equation represents bacterial

text: respiration

text: though the reactants and products are essentially analogous to the short-hand equations used for multi-cellular respiration.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic matter

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is thought to have been caused by bacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a large amount of what?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This process generally produces CO, water and a collection of simple nutrients

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organic matter is oxidized

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What would have happened if mantle convection was super slow?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continents on Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic carbon)

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-cellular respiration.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Most organic carbon exists in a reduced form

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacterial respiration

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxidized by the oxidant

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: carbon)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacterial respiration

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: O)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular respiration.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: bacterial respiration

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants: some piece of organic matter

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: O)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: CO,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacterial respiration

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacterial respiration

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The above generic equation starts with two reactants:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidized

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon)

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrate or phosphate

text: When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene ice ages, greater areas of continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming land bridges. At those times Australia–New Guinea was a single, continuous continent. Likewise the Americas and Afro-Eurasia were joined by the Bering land bridge. Other islands such as Great Britain were joined to the mainlands of their continents. At that time there were just three discrete continents: Afro-Eurasia-America, Antarctica, and Australia-New Guinea.

text: When sea levels were lower during the

text: Pleistocene

text: ice age

text: s, greater areas of continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming

text: land bridge

text: s. At those times

text: Australia–New Guinea

text: was a single, continuous continent. Likewise the Americas and Afro-Eurasia were joined by the

text: Bering land bridge

text: . Other islands such as Great Britain were joined to the mainlands of their continents. At that time there were just three discrete continents: Afro-Eurasia-America, Antarctica, and Australia-New Guinea.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ice ages

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents were there?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Australia–New Guinea was a single, continuous continent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prehistoric

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: land is exposed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Australia–New Guinea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many discrete continents

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many discrete continents were there?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: continental shelf

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: three discrete continents:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: When sea levels were lower

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Australia–New Guinea was a single, continuous continent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: sea levels

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Afro-Eurasia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: three

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: three discrete continents: Afro-Eurasia-America,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: At that time there were just three discrete continents:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Pleistocene ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice ages,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Antarctica,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Pleistocene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: forming land bridges.

text: Sites such as the Wopmay Orogen provide evidence for early and ongoing plate tectonics. Traces of old oceanic crust, island arcs, and colliding continents indicate that the same forces at work today have been at work in the early Proterozoic and probably earlier. Alignments of magnetic particles in rocks demonstrate that continents were drifting across the surface of the Earth relative to the magnetic poles then as now, and that the ocean floor was rifting and subducting, all at least 1.5 billion years ago. This crust cycling is referred to as the supercontinent cycle.

text: Sites such as the Wopmay Orogen provide evidence for early and ongoing

text: plate tectonics

text: . Traces of old

text: oceanic crust

text: island arcs

text: , and

text: colliding continents

text: indicate that the same forces at work today have been at work in the early Proterozoic and probably earlier. Alignments of magnetic particles in rocks demonstrate that continents were drifting across the surface of the Earth relative to the magnetic poles then as now, and that the ocean floor was rifting and subducting, all at least 1.5 billion years ago. This crust cycling is referred to as the

text: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents drifting

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the same forces at work today have been at work in the early Proterozoic and probably earlier

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the supercontinent cycle?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic particles in rocks

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oceanic crust, island arcs, and colliding continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the same forces

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: drifting across the surface of the Earth relative to the magnetic poles

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic crust,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent cycle.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1.5 billion years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1.5

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: earlier.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: early and ongoing plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oceanic crust,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rifting and subducting,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic poles

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Wopmay Orogen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oceanic crust,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic particles

text: NEPTUNE is an acronym for North-East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments.  The North-East Pacific is home to the Juan de Fuca plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates. Its small size and close proximity to the coast gives NEPTUNE Canada a unique opportunity to observe tectonic processes. NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years. The time-series data gathered will allow scientists to study long-term changes over the life of the project. Instruments comprising the undersea observatory will operate at depths ranging from 17 to 2,660 m. Hundreds of instruments have been connected to the Internet by way of shielded cables carrying both power and fibre-optic communication lines. A database will archive and provide networked access to all archived data. Taking advantage of this platform, scientists collaborating with NEPTUNE are expected to conduct thousands of unique experiments over the life of the project.

text: NEPTUNE is an acronym for North-East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments.  The North-East Pacific is home to the

text: Juan de Fuca plate

text: —smallest of Earth’s 12

text: tectonic plates

text: . Its small size and close proximity to the coast gives NEPTUNE Canada a unique opportunity to observe tectonic processes. NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years. The time-series data gathered will allow scientists to study long-term changes over the life of the project. Instruments comprising the undersea observatory will operate at depths ranging from 17 to 2,660 m. Hundreds of instruments have been connected to the Internet by way of

text: shielded cable

text: s carrying both power and

text: fibre-optic communication

text: lines. A database will archive and provide

text: networked

text: access to all archived data. Taking advantage of this platform, scientists collaborating with NEPTUNE are expected to conduct thousands of unique experiments over the life of the project.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North-East Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Juan de Fuca

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: NEPTUNE Canada

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Juan de Fuca plate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: NEPTUNE Canada

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: NEPTUNE Canada

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many plates does the Juan de Fuca plate have?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many tectonic plates are there on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: NEPTUNE Canada

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NEPTUNE Canada

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: shielded

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nematode

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 12

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: shielded cables carrying both power and fibre-optic communication lines.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: NEPTUNE Canada is built to provide continuous observations for 25 years.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: NEPTUNE

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 25 years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: NEPTUNE

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 25 years.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 17 to 2,660 m.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Juan de Fuca plate—smallest

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: shielded cables

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: plate—smallest of Earth’s 12 tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: database

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: power and fibre-optic

text: Partly by analogy to what is known about the Moon, Earth is considered to have differentiated from an aggregate of planetesimals into its core, mantle and crust within about 100 million years of the formation of the planet, 4.6 billion years ago. The primordial crust was very thin and was probably recycled by much more vigorous plate tectonics and destroyed by significant asteroid impacts, which were much more common in the early stages of the solar system.

text: Partly by analogy to what is known about the Moon, Earth is considered to have differentiated from an aggregate of

text: planetesimals

text: into its core, mantle and crust within about 100 million years of the formation of the planet, 4.6 billion years ago. The

text: primordial

text: crust was very thin and was probably recycled by much more vigorous

text: plate tectonics

text: and destroyed by significant

text: asteroid

text: impacts, which were much more common in the early stages of the solar system.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: very thin

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's core, mantle and crust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth is considered to have differentiated from an aggregate of planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have happened to the primordial crust?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: very thin

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The primordial crust was very thin

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: recycled by much more vigorous plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The primordial crust was very thin

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: asteroid impacts,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 4.6

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: much more vigorous plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.6

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The primordial crust was very thin

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: asteroid impacts,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: much more vigorous plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: core, mantle and crust

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: planetesimals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: planetesimals

text: Although most of the Ancients had reached ascension long before the dawn of modern civilization on Earth, the Tau'ri have come in contact with Ancients on several occasions, both in ascended and corporeal form. Most of the corporeal Ancients were encountered in the Pegasus Galaxy, where their empire had collapsed only some 10,000 years ago. Also, some Ancients helped humans on the lower planes of existence ascend, like Oma Desala helped Daniel Jackson.

text: Although most of the Ancients had reached ascension long before the dawn of modern civilization on Earth, the

text: Tau'ri

text: have come in contact with Ancients on several occasions, both in ascended and corporeal form. Most of the corporeal Ancients were encountered in the Pegasus Galaxy, where their empire had collapsed only some 10,000 years ago. Also, some Ancients helped humans on the lower planes of existence ascend, like Oma Desala helped Daniel Jackson.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ancients on several occasions?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ancients helped humans on the lower planes of existence ascend

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth collapses

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years ago did the Pegasus Galaxy collapse?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or Oma Desala?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Tau'ri come in contact with Ancients?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ascended

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ancients had reached ascension long before the dawn of modern civilization

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ascension

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Tau'ri have come in contact with Ancients on several occasions,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: modern civilization on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 10,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: most of the Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: most of the Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 10,000

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 10,000

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: most of the Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the Tau'ri have come in contact with Ancients on several occasions,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: most of the Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ancients had reached ascension

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ascension

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pegasus Galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Although most of the Ancients had reached ascension

text: The other process proposed to contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is the "mantle conveyor" (see image). However, there have been some studies which have shown that the upper mantle (asthenosphere) is too plastic (flexible) to generate enough friction to pull the tectonic plate along. Moreover, unlike in the image above, mantle upwelling that causes magma to form beneath the ocean ridges appears to involve only its upper , as deduced from seismic tomography and from studies of the seismic discontinuity at about . The relatively shallow depths from which the upwelling mantle rises below ridges are more consistent with the "slab-pull" process. On the other hand, some of the world's largest tectonic plates such as the North American Plate are in motion, yet are nowhere being subducted.

text: The other process proposed to contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is the "mantle conveyor" (see image). However, there have been some studies which have shown that the upper

text: mantle

text: asthenosphere

text: ) is too plastic (flexible) to generate enough

text: friction

text: to pull the tectonic plate along. Moreover, unlike in the image above, mantle upwelling that causes magma to form beneath the ocean ridges appears to involve only its upper , as deduced from

text: seismic tomography

text: and from studies of the seismic discontinuity at about . The relatively shallow depths from which the upwelling mantle rises below ridges are more consistent with the "slab-pull" process. On the other hand, some of the world's largest tectonic plates such as the

text: North American Plate

text: are in motion, yet are nowhere being subducted.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: about

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is too plastic (flexible)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: mantle upwelling

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: mantle upwelling that causes magma to form beneath the ocean ridges appears to involve only its upper

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not been found

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: magma rises below ridges

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: about.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: about.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The other process proposed to contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The other process proposed to contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: there have been some studies which have shown that the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: some of the world's largest tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: (asthenosphere)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "mantle conveyor"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (asthenosphere)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (asthenosphere)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

text: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Viewed from the celestial north pole, the motion of Earth, the Moon, and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise. Viewed from a vantage point above the north poles of both the Sun and Earth, Earth orbits in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.44 degrees from the perpendicular to the Earth–Sun plane (the ecliptic), and the Earth–Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two weeks, alternating between lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.

text: The Moon and Earth orbit a common

text: barycenter

text: every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the

text: synodic month

text: , from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Viewed from the

text: celestial north pole

text: , the motion of Earth, the Moon, and their axial rotations are all

text: counterclockwise

text: . Viewed from a vantage point above the north poles of both the Sun and Earth, Earth orbits in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's

text: axis is tilted

text: some 23.44 degrees from the perpendicular to the Earth–Sun plane (the

text: ecliptic

text: ), and the Earth–Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two weeks, alternating between

text: lunar eclipse

text: s and

text: solar eclipse

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not be determined

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth orbiting in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth orbits in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not answer this question

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth orbits around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 23.44 degrees

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many years ago did mantle convection start?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many days does the synodic month last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: axial rotations are all counterclockwise.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 27.32 days relative to the background stars.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: stars.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 27.32 days relative to the background stars.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: counterclockwise.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The Moon and Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.

text: The vast amounts of data that his expeditions yielded were analyzed and discussed together with other leading Dutch Earth scientists of the time J.H.F. Umbgrove, B.G. Escher and Ph.H. Kuenen, the results were published in 1948. An important result was the discovery of elongated belts of negative gravity anomalies along the oceanic trenches. The mean gravity force appeared to be the same on land and at sea, which was in agreement with the principle of isostasy. Vening Meinesz was especially intrigued by the oceanic trenches. The coexisitence of active volcanism, large negative gravity anomalies and the sudden difference in terrain elevation could only be explained by assuming the Earth's crust was somehow pushed together at these places. As a geophysicist, he was prejudiced that the crust was too rigid to deform at that scale in such a way. His discoveries could be explained only with the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the '50s.

text: The vast amounts of data that his expeditions yielded were analyzed and discussed together with other leading Dutch

text: Earth scientists

text: of the time

text: J.H.F. Umbgrove

text: B.G. Escher

text: and

text: Ph.H. Kuenen

text: , the results were published in 1948. An important result was the discovery of elongated belts of negative

text: gravity anomalies

text: along the

text: oceanic trench

text: es. The mean gravity force appeared to be the same on land and at sea, which was in agreement with the principle of

text: isostasy

text: . Vening Meinesz was especially intrigued by the oceanic trenches. The coexisitence of active

text: volcanism

text: , large negative gravity anomalies and the sudden difference in terrain elevation could only be explained by assuming the

text: Earth's crust

text: was somehow pushed together at these places. As a geophysicist, he was prejudiced that the crust was too rigid to deform at that scale in such a way. His discoveries could be explained only with the development of the theory of

text: plate tectonics

text: in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: isostasy

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: negative gravity anomalies

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The mean gravity force appeared to be the same on land and at sea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: active volcanoes occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: active volcanism

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the discovery of negative gravity anomalies along the oceanic trenches?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: active volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 1948.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: too rigid

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: plate tectonics in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Vening Meinesz

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: active volcanism,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: isostasy.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The mean gravity force appeared to be the same on land and at sea,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Vening Meinesz

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust was somehow pushed together

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oceanic trenches.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic trenches.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1948.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1948.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1948.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1948.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonics in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: '50s.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Vening Meinesz

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Vening Meinesz

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: plate tectonics in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: theory of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: plate tectonics in the '50s.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: isostasy.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: active volcanism,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: negative gravity anomalies

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: isostasy.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: isostasy.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: negative gravity anomalies

text: It becomes clear that "The Ambassador" was intended explicitly for Mankind. Culture X predicted that intelligent life would develop on Earth and eventually achieve space flight; the statue is a message of greeting and goodwill spanning the gulf of time between its creators' ancient extinction and the arrival of the space travelers from Earth.

text: It becomes clear that "The Ambassador" was intended explicitly for Mankind. Culture X predicted that intelligent life would develop on Earth and eventually achieve space flight; the statue is a message of greeting and goodwill spanning the gulf of time between its creators' ancient extinction and the arrival of the space travelers from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient extinction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: intelligent life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: "The Ambassador" was intended explicitly for Mankind

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ancient extinction

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: intelligent life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: space flight;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: intelligent life would develop on Earth and eventually achieve space flight;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: intelligent life would develop on Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth and eventually achieve space flight;

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: space flight;

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: intelligent life would develop on Earth and eventually achieve space flight;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: intelligent life would develop on Earth and eventually achieve space flight;

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: extinction and the arrival of the space travelers from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Culture X

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Culture X predicted that intelligent life would develop on Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: space flight;

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: extinction and the arrival of the space travelers from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Culture X

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: intelligent life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Culture X

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: extinction

text: During the Jurassic period, four tectonic plates developed in the Pacific Basin: the Kula and the Farallon in the north, the large Pacific Plate in the centre and south and the Phoenix Plate in the far south. The Kula Plate was subducted under the eastern and south-eastern Asian landmass. The northern part of the Farallon was subducted under North America while its southern section, together with the Phoenix Plate, was subducted under South America and the Antarctic. During the late Tertiary period, the Farallon plate broke up, leaving the Juan de Fuca Plate in the north, the Cocos Plate off today's Central America, and the Nazca and Phoenix Plates in the southern Pacific.

text: During the

text: Jurassic

text: period, four

text: tectonic plate

text: s developed in the Pacific Basin: the

text: Kula

text: and the

text: Farallon

text: in the north, the large

text: Pacific Plate

text: in the centre and south and the

text: Phoenix Plate

text: in the far south. The Kula Plate was subducted under the eastern and south-eastern Asian landmass. The northern part of the Farallon was subducted under North America while its southern section, together with the Phoenix Plate, was subducted under South America and the Antarctic. During the late

text: Tertiary

text: period, the Farallon plate broke up, leaving the

text: Juan de Fuca Plate

text: in the north, the

text: Cocos Plate

text: off today's Central America, and the

text: Nazca

text: and

text: Phoenix Plate

text: s in the southern Pacific.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: four tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Kula Plate was subducted under the eastern and south-eastern Asian landmass

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates develop

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Tertiary

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many plates did the Juan de Fuca Plate break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tertiary period

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific Plate

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Jurassic period, four tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: four tectonic plates developed in the Pacific Basin:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: four tectonic plates developed in the Pacific Basin:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Kula and the Farallon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: During the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: four tectonic plates developed in the Pacific Basin:

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Phoenix Plate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: During the Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: During the Jurassic period,

text: On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that current studies by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers on Mars will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective.

text: On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that current studies by the

text: Curiosity

text: and

text: Opportunity

text: rovers

text: on Mars will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a

text: biosphere

text: based on

text: autotroph

text: ic,

text: chemotroph

text: ic and/or

text: chemolithoautotrophic

text: microorganism

text: s, as well as ancient water, including

text: fluvio-lacustrine environments

text: plain

text: s related to ancient

text: river

text: s or

text: lake

text: s) that may have been

text: habitable

text: . The search for evidence of

text: habitability

text: , taphonomy (related to

text: fossils

text: ), and

text: organic carbon

text: on the planet

text: Mars

text: is now a primary

text: NASA

text: objective.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: taphonomy (related to fossils)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Curiosity and Opportunity rovers on Mars will now be searching for evidence of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: chemotrophic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is now a primary NASA objective?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Mars?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The search for evidence of habitability,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mars will now be searching for evidence of ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: chemolithoautotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic carbon

text: The development of plate tectonics provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries. Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, in which the continents move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation, and a new setting for the observations of structural geology. The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.

text: The development of plate tectonics provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries.

text: Mid-ocean ridge

text: s, high regions on the seafloor where

text: hydrothermal vent

text: s and volcanoes exist, were explained as

text: divergent boundaries

text: , where two plates move apart. Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as

text: convergent boundaries

text: , where one plate

text: subducts

text: under another.

text: Transform boundaries

text: , such as the

text: San Andreas Fault

text: system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for

text: Alfred Wegener

text: 's theory of

text: continental drift

text: , in which the

text: continents

text: move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation, and a new setting for the observations of structural geology. The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two plates moving apart

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: convergent boundaries

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: convergent boundaries

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate boundaries move apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the theory of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: hydrothermal vents

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: geologic time.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic time.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hydrothermal vents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continental drift,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: hydrothermal vents

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The development of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hydrothermal vents

text: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics. Early economists such as Thomas Malthus pointed out the finite carrying capacity of the earth, which was also central to the MIT study Limits to Growth. Diminishing returns suggest that productivity increases will slow if major technological progress is not made. Food production may become a problem, as erosion, an impending water crisis, and soil salinity (from irrigation) reduce the productivity of agriculture. Ecological economists argue that industrial agriculture, which exacerbates these problems, is not sustainable agriculture, and are generally inclined favorably to organic farming, which also reduces the output of carbon.

text: The Earth's

text: carrying capacity

text: is a central issue in ecological economics. Early economists such as

text: Thomas Malthus

text: pointed out the finite carrying capacity of the earth, which was also central to the MIT study

text: Limits to Growth

text: Diminishing returns

text: suggest that productivity increases will slow if major technological progress is not made. Food production may become a problem, as

text: erosion

text: , an impending

text: water crisis

text: , and

text: soil salinity

text: (from

text: irrigation

text: ) reduce the productivity of agriculture. Ecological economists argue that

text: industrial agriculture

text: , which exacerbates these problems, is not

text: sustainable agriculture

text: , and are generally inclined favorably to

text: organic farming

text: , which also reduces the output of carbon.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Thomas Malthus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's carrying capacity?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thomas Malthus pointed out the finite carrying capacity of the earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Thomas Malthus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's carrying capacity is exhausted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Earth's carrying capacity been explored?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water crisis, and soil salinity

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: finite carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ecological economists argue that industrial agriculture,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: finite carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Thomas Malthus

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: organic farming,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Earth's carrying capacity is a central issue in ecological economics.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon.

text: The Earth's interior radiates heat at a rate of about 47 TW (terawatts), which is less than 0.1% of the incoming solar energy. Part of this heat loss is accounted for by the heat generated upon decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth interior. The remaining heat loss is due to the secular cooling of the Earth, growth of the Earth’s inner core (gravitational energy and latent heat contributions), and other processes. The most important heat-producing elements are uranium (U), thorium (Th), and potassium (K). The debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded. Various compositional estimates exist where the total Earth’s internal radiogenic heating rate ranges from as low at ~10 TW to as high as ~30 TW. About 7 TW worth of heat-producing elements reside in the Earth's crust,  the remaining power is distributed in the Earth mantle; the amount of U, Th, and K in the Earth core is probably negligible. Radioactivity in the Earth mantle provides internal heating to power mantle convection, which is the driver of plate tectonics. The amount of mantle radioactivity and its spatial distribution—is the mantle compositionally uniform at large scale or composed of distinct reservoirs?—is of importance to geophysics.

text: The

text: Earth

text: 's interior radiates heat at a rate of about 47 TW (

text: terawatts

text: ), which is less than 0.1% of the incoming solar energy. Part of this heat loss is accounted for by the heat generated upon decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth interior. The remaining heat loss is due to the secular cooling of the Earth, growth of the Earth’s

text: inner core

text: (gravitational energy and latent heat contributions), and other processes. The most important heat-producing elements are

text: uranium

text: (U),

text: thorium

text: (Th), and

text: potassium

text: (K). The debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded. Various compositional estimates exist where the total Earth’s internal radiogenic heating rate ranges from as low at ~10 TW to as high as ~30 TW. About 7 TW worth of heat-producing elements reside in the

text: Earth's crust

text: ,  the remaining power is distributed in the

text: Earth mantle

text: ; the amount of U, Th, and K in the

text: Earth core

text: is probably negligible. Radioactivity in the Earth mantle provides internal heating to power

text: mantle convection

text: , which is the driver of

text: plate tectonics

text: . The amount of mantle radioactivity and its spatial distribution—is the mantle compositionally uniform at large scale or composed of distinct reservoirs?—is of importance to geophysics.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 10 TW

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the debate about their abundances in the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radioactive decay

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: incoming solar energy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 47 TW

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 10 TW to as high as <unk>30 TW.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: decay of radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Radioactivity in the Earth mantle

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 47 TW

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: uranium (U), thorium (Th),

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: <unk>10 TW to as high as <unk>30 TW.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 7

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 47 TW

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 10 TW to as high as <unk>30 TW.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 10 TW to as high as <unk>30 TW.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 47

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: <unk>30 TW.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: incoming solar energy.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: decay of radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Earth's

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat generated upon decay of radioactive isotopes

text: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles held that water is one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth and air, and was regarded as the ylem, or basic substance of the universe. Thales, who was portrayed by Aristotle as an astronomer and an engineer, theorized that the earth, which is denser than water, emerged from the water. Thales, a monist, believed further that all things are made from water.  Plato believed the shape of water is an icosahedron which accounts for why it is able to flow easily compared to the cube-shaped earth.

text: The Ancient Greek philosopher

text: Empedocles

text: held that water is one of the four

text: classical elements

text: along with

text: fire

text: , earth and

text: air

text: , and was regarded as the

text: ylem

text: , or basic substance of the universe.

text: Thales

text: , who was portrayed by Aristotle as an astronomer and an engineer, theorized that the earth, which is denser than water, emerged from the water. Thales, a

text: monist

text: , believed further that all things are made from water.  Plato believed the shape of water is an

text: icosahedron

text: which accounts for why it is able to flow easily compared to the cube-shaped earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thales, a monist, believed further that all things are made from water

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: emerged from the water

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: water evaporates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Thales, a monist, believed further that all things are made from water

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Thales

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ylem

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lys

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: water is one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth and air,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: denser than water, emerged from the water.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: all things are made from water.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: icosahedron

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: water is one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth and air,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: cube-shaped earth.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the earth, which is denser than water, emerged from the water.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: water is one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth and air,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: ylem,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fire, earth and air,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: water is one of the four classical elements

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ylem,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, and air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres.

text: By volume, dry air contains 78.09%

text: nitrogen

text: , 20.95%

text: oxygen

text: , 0.93%

text: argon

text: , 0.04%

text: carbon dioxide

text: , and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of

text: water vapor

text: , on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and

text: atmospheric pressure

text: vary at different layers, and air suitable for use in

text: photosynthesis

text: by

text: terrestrial plant

text: s and

text: breathing

text: of

text: terrestrial animal

text: s is found only in Earth's

text: troposphere

text: and in

text: artificial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are found only in Earth's troposphere

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere contains a variable amount of water vapor

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not found in Earth's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1% at sea level,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95%

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 0.93% argon,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1%

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 0.04% carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 0.93% argon,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 0.04% carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 0.93% argon,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 20.95%

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 20.95%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: artificial atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: terrestrial animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: terrestrial plants

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: Paralligatorids have a wide geographic and temporal range. The first known paralligatorids, Shamosuchus and Rugosuchus, are both from the Cretaceous of Asia (the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and the Early Cretaceous of China, respectively), meaning that they were initially thought to have had a restricted distribution. The discovery of Batrachomimus from the Late Jurassic of Brazil extended the fossil record of Paralligatoridae back by 30 million years and gave it a wide distribution across both of the two main supercontinents of the Mesozoic: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. The most likely explanation for why paralligatorids existed in both eastern Laurasia and western Gondwana is that they radiated eastward across both the Tethys Ocean and the Turgai Sea. Another possible explanation is that the first paralligatorids lived before the breakup of Laurasia and Gondwana when both were part of the larger supercontinent Pangaea, and when Pangaea broke apart, two populations of paralligatorids - a western population including Batrachomimus and an eastern population including Shamosuchus and Rugosuchus - were separated. Although the Pangaean breakup hypothesis fits well with the high degree of endemism seen in other crocodyliform groups like Notosuchia, the seaway dispersal hypothesis better fits with the wide and mostly uniform distribution of neosuchians during the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

text: Paralligatorids have a wide geographic and temporal range. The first known paralligatorids, Shamosuchus and Rugosuchus, are both from the Cretaceous of Asia (the

text: Late Cretaceous

text: of Mongolia and the

text: Early Cretaceous

text: of China, respectively), meaning that they were initially thought to have had a restricted distribution. The discovery of Batrachomimus from the

text: Late Jurassic

text: of Brazil extended the fossil record of Paralligatoridae back by 30 million years and gave it a wide distribution across both of the two main supercontinents of the Mesozoic:

text: Laurasia

text: in the north and

text: Gondwana

text: in the south. The most likely explanation for why paralligatorids existed in both eastern

text: Laurasia

text: and western

text: Gondwana

text: is that they radiated eastward across both the

text: Tethys Ocean

text: and the

text: Turgai Sea

text: . Another possible explanation is that the first paralligatorids lived before the breakup of Laurasia and Gondwana when both were part of the larger supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: , and when Pangaea broke apart, two populations of paralligatorids - a western population including Batrachomimus and an eastern population including Shamosuchus and Rugosuchus - were separated. Although the Pangaean breakup hypothesis fits well with the high degree of

text: endemism

text: seen in other crocodyliform groups like

text: Notosuchia

text: , the seaway dispersal hypothesis better fits with the wide and mostly uniform distribution of neosuchians during the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: two main supercontinents of the Mesozoic: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous of Asia

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The discovery of Batrachomimus from the Late Jurassic of Brazil

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two main supercontinents of the Mesozoic?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many supercontinents did Laurasia and Gondwana belong to?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The discovery of Batrachomimus from the Late Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: neosuchians

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Glucose

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: crocodyliform

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Paralligatorids have a wide geographic and temporal range.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: endemism

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paralligatorids have a wide geographic and temporal range.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Shamosuchus and Rugosuchus,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: when Pangaea broke apart,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: both were part of the larger supercontinent Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cretaceous of Asia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: crocodyliform

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: seaway dispersal

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Batrachomimus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: paralligatorids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: crocodyliform

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Paralligatorids

text: In the ancient past there were varying levels of belief in a flat Earth, with the Mesopotamian culture portraying the world as a flat disk afloat in an ocean. The spherical form of the Earth was suggested by early Greek philosophers; a belief espoused by Pythagoras. By the Middle Ages—as evidenced by thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas—European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread.

text: In the ancient past there were varying levels of belief in a

text: flat Earth

text: , with the

text: Mesopotamian

text: culture portraying the world as a flat disk afloat in an ocean. The spherical form of the Earth was suggested by early

text: Greek philosophers

text: ; a belief espoused by

text: Pythagoras

text: . By the

text: Middle Ages

text: —as evidenced by thinkers such as

text: Thomas Aquinas

text: —European belief in a

text: spherical Earth

text: was widespread.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: spherical form

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans surround the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the belief in a flat Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Aquinas—European

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Aquinas—European belief in a spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: flat disk afloat in an ocean.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: varying levels of belief in a flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Aquinas—European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mesopotamian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Aquinas—European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: varying levels of belief in a flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: By the Middle Ages—as

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the ancient past

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: spherical form

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The spherical

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: varying levels of belief in a flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Middle Ages—as

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: flat Earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ocean.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ocean.

text: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation, much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted. Oil operators, in addition to continued exploration, use a variety of techniques to increase production, including deep wells, injection wells, etc. Natural gas, which in the early days was vented to the atmosphere or burned off, now accounts for a large percentage of the exploration efforts and profitability of the petroleum industry in the Mid-continent.

text: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation, much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted. Oil operators, in addition to continued exploration, use a variety of techniques to increase production, including deep wells, injection wells, etc. Natural gas, which in the early days was vented to the atmosphere or burned off, now accounts for a large percentage of the exploration efforts and profitability of the petroleum industry in the Mid-continent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mid-continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: uncontrolled exploitation

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: uncontrolled exploitation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oil operators, in addition to continued exploration, use a variety of techniques to increase production

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were vented to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were vented to the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: natural gas is vented

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mid-continent

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: deep wells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: vented

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Natural gas

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mid-continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mid-continent.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: deep wells, injection wells,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: use a variety of techniques to increase production,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early uncontrolled exploitation, much of the reserves in the Mid-continent

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Oil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mid-continent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Oil

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: vented to the atmosphere or burned off,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Natural gas,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: depleted.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Oil

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Natural gas,

text: This page is a timeline of major events in the history of cellular agriculture.  Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products - especially animal products - from cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.  This includes in vitro or cultured meat, as well as in vitro dairy, eggs, leather, gelatin, and silk.  In recent years a number of cellular animal agriculture companies and non-profits have emerged due to technological advances and increasing concern over the animal welfare and rights, environmental, and public health problems associated with conventional animal agriculture.

text: This page is a timeline of major events in the history of

text: cellular agriculture

text: .  Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products - especially

text: animal product

text: s - from

text: cell culture

text: s rather than the bodies of living organisms.  This includes

text: in vitro or cultured meat

text: , as well as in vitro dairy, eggs, leather, gelatin, and silk.  In recent years a number of cellular animal agriculture companies and non-profits have emerged due to technological advances and increasing concern over the

text: animal welfare

text: and

text: rights

text: environmental

text: , and

text: public health

text: problems associated with conventional animal agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of iron.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products - especially animal products - from cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms. This includes in vitro or cultured meat, dairy, eggs, leather, gelatin, and silk. In recent years a number of cellular animal agriculture companies and non-profits have emerged due to technological advances and increasing concern over the animal welfare and rights, environmental, and public health problems associated with conventional animal agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cellular agriculture

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products - especially animal products - from cell cultures

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products - especially animal products - from cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms. This includes in vitro or cultured meat, as well as in vitro dairy, eggs, leather, gelatin, and silk.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes are more common than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia was the first supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early in Earth history mantle convection was super fast.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nucleic acids in living things include DNA and RNA.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: continental crust first appeared on Earth about 2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea was the first supercontinent to form on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products from cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earths early atmosphere contained some of the oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere that became ozone.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The first photosynthetic organisms were most like modern E. coli.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cellular agriculture is the development of agricultural products - especially animal products - from cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The first organisms to make food by photosynthesis were plants.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gelatin

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cellular agriculture refers to the development of agricultural products

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a number of cellular animal agriculture companies and non-profits

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cellular agriculture

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Cellular agriculture

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cellular agriculture

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cellular agriculture

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellular agriculture.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cell cultures rather than the bodies of living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: living organisms.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gelatin,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: eggs, leather, gelatin, and silk.

text: Krubitzer and her team have decided to focus part of their research on studying the cortical evolution of the neocortex. It is known that the neocortex has the ability to adapt and change over time. This is an important feature that allows the brain function and connectivity to coordinate movements vital for an organism’s survival in a specific environment.  Krubitzer and her team used a variety of different rodents and squirrels to test their hypothesis. They hypothesized that the level of cortical activity organization would be directly correlated with the specific connections in the brain based on the environment that the particular animal was accustomed. Differences were found between the lab animals and wild caught animals as would be expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of sensory stimuli that each test subject was exposed to early on in development. By doing this, she was able to track the organization of the cortex from early development on. One example of how she did this was altering the vision in an opossum in early development. Research found that when vision is lost early in development, other sensory systems will begin to take over that area and the cortex will re-organize itself to make up for the loss of this sensation.

text: Krubitzer and her team have decided to focus part of their research on studying the cortical evolution of the

text: neocortex

text: . It is known that the

text: neocortex

text: has the ability to adapt and change over time. This is an important feature that allows the brain function and connectivity to coordinate movements vital for an organism’s survival in a specific environment.  Krubitzer and her team used a variety of different

text: rodent

text: s and

text: squirrel

text: s to test their

text: hypothesis

text: . They hypothesized that the level of cortical activity organization would be directly correlated with the specific connections in the brain based on the environment that the particular animal was accustomed. Differences were found between the lab animals and wild caught animals as would be expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of

text: sensory stimuli

text: that each test subject was exposed to early on in development. By doing this, she was able to track the organization of the cortex from early development on. One example of how she did this was altering the vision in an

text: opossum

text: in early development. Research found that when vision is lost early in development, other sensory systems will begin to take over that area and the cortex will re-organize itself to make up for the loss of this sensation.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Krubitzer and her team have decided to focus part of their research

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: neocortex

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Krubitzer used a variety of different rodents and squirrels to test their hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are the oldest organisms on the planet.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are the earliest organisms to

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Krubitzer changes the amount of sensory stimuli that each test subject is exposed to

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rodents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: What is the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Krubitzer and her team used a variety of different sensory stimuli to test their hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Krubitzer and her team used a variety of different rodents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How did Krubitzer and her team test their hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not a type of photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Krubitzer and her team used a variety of different rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: an organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: neocortex

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: time.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: neocortex has the ability to adapt and change over time.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: the cortex will re-organize itself

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: neocortex has the ability to adapt and change over time.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: vision is lost

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of sensory stimuli

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of sensory stimuli

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of sensory stimuli

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: neocortex has the ability to adapt and change over time.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: expected.Krubitzer varied the amounts of sensory stimuli

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: wild caught animals

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: rodents and squirrels

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: neocortex.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: neocortex.

text: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K, oxygen from the atmosphere can condense. Liquid oxygen can spontaneously and violently react with organic chemicals, including petroleum products like asphalt.

text: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K, oxygen from the atmosphere can condense. Liquid oxygen can spontaneously and violently react with organic chemicals, including petroleum products like asphalt.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 90.2K

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed without oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Liquid oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Liquid oxygen can spontaneously and violently react with organic chemicals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be found in the oceans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned in the text

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: liquid oxygen from the atmosphere condenses

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 90.2K

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic chemicals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely reason for mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organic chemical?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Why did it become ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: condensing

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spontaneously and violently react with organic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Liquid oxygen can spontaneously and violently react with organic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen from the atmosphere can condense.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygen from the atmosphere can condense. Liquid oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: asphalt.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: oxygen from the atmosphere can condense.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: condense.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: condense.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: liquid N2

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: As liquid N2

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: asphalt.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: asphalt.

text: Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock, used in ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia; the timestick, widely used in India and Tibet, as well as some parts of Europe; and the hourglass, which functioned similarly to a water clock.  The sundial, another early clock, relies on shadows to provide a good estimate of the hour on a sunny day.  It is not so useful in cloudy weather or at night and requires recalibration as the seasons change (if the gnomon was not aligned with the Earth's axis).

text: Other ancient timekeeping devices include the

text: candle clock

text: , used in

text: ancient China

text: ancient Japan

text: England

text: and Mesopotamia; the

text: timestick

text: , widely used in

text: India

text: and

text: Tibet

text: , as well as some parts of

text: Europe

text: ; and the

text: hourglass

text: , which functioned similarly to a water clock.  The

text: sundial

text: , another early clock, relies on shadows to provide a good estimate of the hour on a sunny day.  It is not so useful in cloudy weather or at night and requires recalibration as the seasons change (if the

text: gnomon

text: was not aligned with the

text: Earth's axis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the sundial

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mesopotamia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: timekeeping devices

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The sundial, another early clock, relies on shadows to provide a good estimate of the hour on a sunny day

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ancient China

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's axis changes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: candle clock

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The sundial

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's axis).

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The sundial,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The sundial,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The sundial,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's axis).

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The sundial,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The sundial,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's axis).

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water clock.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's axis).

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia;

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: candle clock,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: shadows

text: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements. Players often attempt to gain control of Australia early in the game, since Australia is the only continent that can be successfully defended by heavily fortifying one country (either Siam or Indonesia). Generally, continents with fewer borders are easier to defend as they possess fewer points that can be attacked by other players. South America has 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3, Europe has 4, and Asia has 5.

text: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements. Players often attempt to gain control of Australia early in the game, since Australia is the only continent that can be successfully defended by heavily fortifying one country (either

text: Siam

text: or

text: Indonesia

text: ). Generally, continents with fewer borders are easier to defend as they possess fewer points that can be attacked by other players.

text: South America

text: has 2 access points,

text: North America

text: and

text: Africa

text: each have 3,

text: Europe

text: has 4, and

text: Asia

text: has 5.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Asia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is thought to have been on the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Asia has 5 access points

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Asia has 5 access points

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are defended

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was mantle convection super fast?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about how many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Asia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Asia has 5.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 2 access points,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Generally, continents with fewer borders are easier to defend

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Europe has 4, and Asia has 5.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: South America has 2 access points,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Asia has 5.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: South America has 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Europe has 4, and Asia has 5.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 2 access points, North America and Africa each have 3,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 3,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Holding continents is the most common way to increase reinforcements.

text: The Asurans emulate their creators, the Ancients, in appearance and lifestyle, and claim themselves to be the last of the Ancients. They are fueled by a rage that they cannot contain, written into their base code. Most Asurans are bitter towards the Ancients for rejecting them, believe them to be arrogant for disregarding their counsel during the war with the Wraith, and hate the humans of Earth for being the Ancients' favored children. They have little regard for human life and are unconcerned by the Wraith, claiming to have a long-term plan in the works for dealing with them.

text: The Asurans emulate their creators, the Ancients, in appearance and lifestyle, and claim themselves to be the last of the Ancients. They are fueled by a rage that they cannot contain, written into their base code. Most Asurans are bitter towards the Ancients for rejecting them, believe them to be arrogant for disregarding their counsel during the war with the Wraith, and hate the humans of Earth for being the Ancients' favored children. They have little regard for human life and are unconcerned by the Wraith, claiming to have a long-term plan in the works for dealing with them.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the Ancients

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Most Asurans are bitter towards the Ancients for rejecting them

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The Asurans emulate their creators

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last of the Ancients?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Wraith?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: base code

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: written into their base code.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Most Asurans are bitter towards the Ancients for rejecting them,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: written into their base code.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Asurans emulate their creators, the Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Asurans emulate their creators, the Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Asurans emulate their creators, the Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Asurans

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Wraith,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Asurans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: base code.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wraith,

text: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS to maintain the spacecraft's atmosphere, which is similar to the Earth's. Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi); the same as at sea level on Earth. An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort, and is much safer than the alternative, a pure oxygen atmosphere, because of the increased risk of a fire such as that responsible for the deaths of the Apollo 1 crew.

text: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS to maintain the spacecraft's atmosphere, which is similar to the

text: Earth's

text: . Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3

text: kPa

text: psi

text: ); the same as at sea level on Earth. An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort, and is much safer than the alternative, a pure oxygen atmosphere, because of the increased risk of a fire such as that responsible for the deaths of the

text: Apollo 1

text: crew.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-like atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or mRNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Several

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Several

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3 kPa

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3 kPa

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Several systems are currently used on board the ISS

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pure oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: The actual composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth is an area of great debate.  Varying amounts of certain gaseous constituents can greatly impact the overall effect of a particular process, which includes non-biological processes such as the buildup of charge in thunderstorms.  It has been argued that volcano-induced lightning in the early stages of Earth's existence, because the volcanic plume was composed of additional "reducing gases", was more effective at stimulating the oxidation of organic material to accelerate the production of life.  In the case of volcanic lightning, the lightning discharge almost exclusively occurs directly within the volcanic plume.  Since this process occurs fairly close to ground level, it has been suggested that volcanic lightning contributed to the generation of life to a greater extent than lightning produced within clouds that would lower positive or negative charge from a cloud to the ground.  Hill (1992) quantified this enhanced contribution by examining estimated hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations from volcanic lightning and "general lightning".  Results showed that HCN concentrations for volcanic lightning were an order of magnitude larger than "general lightning".  Hydrogen cyanide is yet another compound that has been linked to the generation of life on Earth.  However, given that the intensity and amount of volcanic activity during the early stages of Earth's development is not fully understood, hypotheses regarding past volcanic activity (e.g., Hill, 1992) are usually based on present-day observed volcanic activity.

text: The actual composition of the atmosphere of the

text: early Earth

text: is an area of great debate.  Varying amounts of certain gaseous constituents can greatly impact the overall effect of a particular process, which includes non-biological processes such as the buildup of charge in

text: thunderstorm

text: s.  It has been argued that volcano-induced lightning in the early stages of Earth's existence, because the volcanic plume was composed of additional "reducing gases", was more effective at stimulating the

text: oxidation

text: of organic material to accelerate the production of life.  In the case of volcanic lightning, the lightning discharge almost exclusively occurs directly within the volcanic plume.  Since this process occurs fairly close to ground level, it has been suggested that volcanic lightning contributed to the generation of life to a greater extent than lightning produced within clouds that would lower positive or negative charge from a cloud to the ground.  Hill (1992) quantified this enhanced contribution by examining estimated

text: hydrogen cyanide

text: (HCN) concentrations from volcanic lightning and "general lightning".  Results showed that HCN concentrations for volcanic lightning were an order of magnitude larger than "general lightning".  Hydrogen cyanide is yet another compound that has been linked to the generation of life on Earth.  However, given that the intensity and amount of volcanic activity during the early stages of Earth's development is not fully understood, hypotheses regarding past volcanic activity (e.g., Hill, 1992) are usually based on present-day observed volcanic activity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen cyanide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is an area of great debate

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing gases

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: HCN concentrations for volcanic lightning were an order of magnitude larger than "general lightning"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: volcano-induced lightning in the early stages of Earth's existence

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not fully understood

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Volcanic activity occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Hill (1992) quantified this enhanced contribution

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a compound that has been linked to the generation of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It has been suggested that volcanic lightning contributed to the generation of life to a greater extent than lightning produced within clouds that would lower positive or negative charge from a cloud to the ground.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: hydrogen cyanide

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The actual composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: reducing gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Hydrogen cyanide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "reducing gases",

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the lightning discharge almost exclusively occurs directly within the volcanic plume.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The actual composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: hypotheses regarding past volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "reducing gases",

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcano-induced lightning

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "reducing gases",

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-biological

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: hydrogen cyanide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hydrogen cyanide

text: This may not come as too much of a surprise, since the packaging of DNA with proteins and RNA into chromatin takes place immediately after the DNA is synthesized. Therefore, replication timing dictates the time of assembly of chromatin. Less intuitive is the relationship between replication timing and the three-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus. It is now well-accepted that chromatin is not randomly organized in the cell nucleus, but the positions of each chromosome domain relative to its neighboring domains is characteristic of different cell types, and after this geography is established in each newly formed cell, the chromosome domains do not move appreciably until the next cell division. In all multi-cellular organisms where it has been measured, early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus and the chromatin around the periphery is replicated later. Recently developed methods to measure the points where different parts of chromosomes touch each other are almost perfectly aligned to when they replicate. In other words, regions that are replicated early versus late are packaged in such a way as to be spatially segregated in the nucleus, with the intervening DNA containing regions of reduced origin activity. One possibility is that these different compartments within the nucleus, established and maintained without the aid of membranes or physical barriers, set thresholds for the initiation of replication so that the more accessible regions are the first to replicate.

text: This may not come as too much of a surprise, since the packaging of DNA with proteins and RNA into

text: chromatin

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The positions of each chromosome domain relative to its neighboring domains is characteristic of different cell types

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus and the chromatin around the periphery is replicated later

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: In all multi-cellular organisms where it has been measured

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: DNA is synthesized

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It is now well-accepted that chromatin is not randomly organized

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In all multi-cellular organisms where it has been measured

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cell division.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: RNA into chromatin takes place immediately after the DNA is synthesized.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: This may not come as too much of a surprise,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: surprise,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: surprise,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early replication takes place in the interior of the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: DNA is synthesized.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: RNA into chromatin takes place immediately after the DNA is synthesized.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: RNA

text: Early photosynthetic systems, such as those in green and purple sulfur and green and purple nonsulfur bacteria, are thought to have been anoxygenic, and used various other molecules as electron donors rather than water. Green and purple sulfur bacteria are thought to have used hydrogen and sulfur as electron donors. Green nonsulfur bacteria used various amino and other organic acids as an electron donor. Purple nonsulfur bacteria used a variety of nonspecific organic molecules. The use of these molecules is consistent with the geological evidence that Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing at that time.

text: Early photosynthetic systems, such as those in

text: green

text: and

text: purple sulfur

text: and

text: green

text: and

text: purple nonsulfur bacteria

text: , are thought to have been

text: anoxygenic

text: , and used various other molecules as

text: electron donor

text: s rather than water. Green and purple sulfur bacteria are thought to have used

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: sulfur

text: as electron donors. Green nonsulfur bacteria used various

text: amino

text: and other

text: organic acid

text: s as an electron donor. Purple nonsulfur bacteria used a variety of nonspecific organic molecules. The use of these molecules is consistent with the geological evidence that Earth's early atmosphere was highly

text: reducing

text: at

text: that time

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen and sulfur

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: are thought to have been anoxygenic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Green nonsulfur bacteria used what as an electron donor?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Green nonsulfur bacteria used various amino and other organic acids as an electron donor

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are thought to have been anoxygenic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: green and purple sulfur bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's early atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: green and purple sulfur

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of bacteria: green and purple sulfur or nonsulfur bacteria?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: green and purple sulfur

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterium

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: anoxygenic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sulfur

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen and sulfur

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: used various other molecules as electron donors rather than water.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: green and purple sulfur and green and purple nonsulfur bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: green and purple sulfur and green and purple nonsulfur bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: reducing

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Green nonsulfur bacteria used various amino and other organic acids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: anoxygenic,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early photosynthetic systems,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth's early atmosphere was highly reducing

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: green and purple sulfur and green and purple nonsulfur bacteria,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria, are thought to have been anoxygenic,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anoxygenic,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: amino and other organic acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water.

text: An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.  In general, in organisms that reproduce sexually, an embryo develops from a zygote, the single cell resulting from the fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell. The zygote possesses half the DNA of each of its two parents.  In plants, animals, and some protists, the zygote will begin to divide by mitosis to produce a multicellular organism. The result of this process is an embryo.

text: An embryo is an early stage of

text: development

text: of a

text: multicellular

text: diploid

text: eukaryotic

text: organism.  In general, in

text: organism

text: s that

text: reproduce sexually

text: , an embryo develops from a

text: zygote

text: , the single cell resulting from the

text: fertilization

text: of the female

text: egg cell

text: by the male

text: sperm

text: cell. The zygote possesses half the

text: DNA

text: of each of its two parents.  In

text: plant

text: s,

text: animal

text: s, and some

text: protist

text: s, the zygote will begin to divide by

text: mitosis

text: to produce a multicellular organism. The result of this process is an embryo.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: zygote

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a zygote

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: by mitosis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The zygote possesses half the DNA of each of its two parents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a zygote

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protists

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: an embryo develops from a zygote

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: protists

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the result of this process?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fertilization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protists

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: two parents. In plants, animals, and some protists,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: divide by mitosis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: zygote possesses half the DNA of each of its two parents.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: plants, animals, and some protists,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multicellular diploid

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plants, animals, and some protists,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protists,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: An embryo

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: some protists,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: zygote,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants, animals, and some protists,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: embryo.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protists,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: embryo.

text: The novel is set in the early 3800s and takes place almost entirely on the faraway oceanic planet of Thalassa. Thalassa has a small human population sent there by way of an embryonic seed pod, one of many sent out from Earth in an attempt to continue the human race before the Earth was destroyed.

text: The novel is set in the early 3800s and takes place almost entirely on the faraway oceanic planet of

text: Thalassa

text: . Thalassa has a small human population sent there by way of an

text: embryonic seed pod

text: , one of many sent out from

text: Earth

text: in an attempt to continue the human race before the Earth was destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: embryonic seed pod

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thalassa has a small human population

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is destroyed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Thalassa?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It was destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: embryonic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Thalassa

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: seed pod

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: human race

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: embryonic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thalassa has a small human population

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: sent out from Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3800s

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Thalassa.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: embryonic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: destroyed.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: embryonic seed pod,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: embryonic seed pod,

text: In 2008, Frasca sang for Australian rock band Midnight Oil in Sydney, in support of Amnesty International. In early 2009, the band was invited to perform as one of seven artists from seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day in Montreal, Canada.

text: In 2008, Frasca sang for Australian rock band

text: Midnight Oil

text: in Sydney, in support of

text: Amnesty International

text: . In early 2009, the band was invited to perform as one of seven artists from seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day in Montreal, Canada.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth Day in Montreal, Canada?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Frasca sang for Australian rock band Midnight Oil in support of Amnesty International

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earths earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Canada.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Midnight Oil

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In 2008,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: in support of Amnesty International.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planet

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: seven continents of the planet for International Earth Day

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Oil

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Oil

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: seven continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oil

text: The crime developed as a response to the Organ Bank Problem, a concept featured prominently in the early Known Space stories, particularly those set in the 21st and 22nd century. The Organ Bank Problem is a central theme in the novel A Gift from Earth, as well as the Gil Hamilton detective stories. As speculative fiction, the concept is a prime example of a Gedankenexperiment. It is an examination of the consequences to society of a new technology (in this case, the perfection of organ transplants) and an existing problem (organ shortage), carried to a logical conclusion.

text: The crime developed as a response to the Organ Bank Problem, a concept featured prominently in the early Known Space stories, particularly those set in the 21st and 22nd century. The Organ Bank Problem is a central theme in the novel

text: A Gift from Earth

text: , as well as the

text: Gil Hamilton

text: detective stories. As

text: speculative fiction

text: , the concept is a prime example of a

text: Gedankenexperiment

text: . It is an examination of the consequences to society of a new technology (in this case, the perfection of organ transplants) and an existing problem (organ shortage), carried to a logical conclusion.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Known Space

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organ Bank Problem

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Organ Bank Problem is a central theme in the novel A Gift from Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Organ Bank Problem

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Organ Bank Problem

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planets collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Organs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the Organ Bank Problem?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents on Earth are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of the Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Known Space

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Organ Bank

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Gedankenexperiment.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The crime developed as a response to the Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 21st and 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 21st and 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A Gift from Earth,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 21st and 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Known Space stories,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Organ

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: organ transplants)

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Organ Bank

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Space

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Organ Bank

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Organ Bank Problem,

text: Besides having compositional effects on the upper mantle by replenishing the large-ion lithophile elements, volcanism affects the plate movement. The plates will be moved towards a geoidal low perhaps where the slab avalanche occurred and pushed away from the geoidal high that can be caused by the plumes or superplumes. This causes the continents to push together to form supercontinents and was evidently the process that operated to cause the early continental crust to aggregate into Protopangea. Dispersal of supercontinents is caused by the accumulation of heat underneath the crust due to the rising of very large convection cells or plumes, and a massive heat release resulted in the final break-up of Paleopangea. Accretion occurs over geoidal lows that can be caused by avalanche slabs or the downgoing limbs of convection cells. Evidence of the accretion and dispersion of supercontinents is seen in the geological rock record.

text: Besides having compositional effects on the upper mantle by replenishing the

text: large-ion lithophile elements

text: , volcanism affects the plate movement. The plates will be moved towards a geoidal low perhaps where the slab avalanche occurred and pushed away from the geoidal high that can be caused by the plumes or superplumes. This causes the continents to push together to form supercontinents and was evidently the process that operated to cause the early continental crust to aggregate into Protopangea. Dispersal of supercontinents is caused by the accumulation of heat underneath the crust due to the rising of very large

text: convection cell

text: s or plumes, and a massive heat release resulted in the final break-up of Paleopangea. Accretion occurs over geoidal lows that can be caused by avalanche slabs or the downgoing limbs of convection cells. Evidence of the accretion and dispersion of supercontinents is seen in the geological rock record.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Paleopangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithophile elements

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was evidently the process that operated to cause the continents to push together

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Accretion occurs over geoidal lows

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates move towards a geoidal low

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Paleopangea

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithophile elements,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: downgoing limbs

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: volcanism affects the plate movement.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: push together

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: convection cells.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Besides having compositional effects on the upper mantle

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Protopangea.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: lithophile

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: plumes or superplumes.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: lithophile

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithophile elements,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: large-ion lithophile elements,

text: Most cladistic analyses including  Acrocanthosaurus have found it to be a carcharodontosaurid, usually in a basal position relative to the African Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus from South America. It has often been considered the sister taxon to the equally basal Eocarcharia, also from Africa. Neovenator, discovered in England, is often considered an even more basal carcharodontosaurid, or as a basal member of a sister group called Neovenatoridae. This suggests that the family originated in Europe and then dispersed into the southern continents (at the time united as the supercontinent Gondwana). If Acrocanthosaurus was a carcharodontosaurid, then dispersal would also have occurred into North America. All known carcharodontosaurids lived during the early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

text: Most

text: cladistic

text: analyses including  Acrocanthosaurus have found it to be a carcharodontosaurid, usually in a

text: basal

text: position relative to the

text: Africa

text: n Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus from

text: South America

text: . It has often been considered the sister taxon to the equally basal

text: Eocarcharia

text: , also from Africa.

text: Neovenator

text: , discovered in England, is often considered an even more basal carcharodontosaurid, or as a basal member of a sister group called

text: Neovenatoridae

text: . This suggests that the family originated in

text: Europe

text: and then

text: dispersed

text: into the southern continents (at the time united as the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: ). If Acrocanthosaurus was a carcharodontosaurid, then dispersal would also have occurred into North America. All known carcharodontosaurids lived during the early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: carcharodontosaurids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This suggests that the family originated in Europe and then dispersed into the southern continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous Period

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: carcharodontosaurid

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many continents did the family originate in?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eocarcharia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Eocarcharia

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana).

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: carcharodontosaurids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: analyses

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: All known carcharodontosaurids

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana).

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Gondwana).

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana).

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Europe and then dispersed into the southern continents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: early-to-middle Cretaceous Period.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carcharodontosaurid,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Acrocanthosaurus

text: In the oblique aerial photo at right,  the tan bands are sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup, a series of sedimentary rock layers formed at the bottom of a shallow sea between 250 million and 400 million years ago. Throughout that period, Earth’s southern continents were locked into the supercontinent Gondwana.

text: In the oblique aerial photo at right,  the tan bands are sandstone layers from the

text: Beacon Supergroup

text: , a series of sedimentary rock layers formed at the bottom of a shallow sea between 250 million and 400 million years ago. Throughout that period, Earth’s southern continents were locked into the supercontinent

text: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a shallow sea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth’s southern continents were locked into the supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would have had to be

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s southern continents are locked into the supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Beacon Supergroup?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has Earth been locked into the supercontinent Gondwana?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: what is the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: beacon

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sandstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: shallow sea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth’s southern continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: sedimentary rock layers

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 250 million and 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth’s

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: a series of sedimentary rock layers

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sandstone layers from the Beacon Supergroup,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: sandstone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sandstone

text: As in Hawaii (and even the earliest rounds of the marriage battle in the 1970s), litigation was central – but it wasn’t enough. Wolfson called for the creation of a campaign that reflected what he called the “4 multi’s”: it would be multi-year (not expected to win overnight), multi-state (not watching as victories were picked off one by one), multi-partner (no one organization could do it all), and multi-methodology (it would combine litigation, lobbying, public education, organization, direct action, fund-raising, and even, eventually, electoral). Wolfson knew that marriage advocates didn’t have to win every state, but they had to win enough states – and not every American had to be persuaded to support the freedom to marry, but enough Americans needed to be supportive before elected officials and judges, including the justices of the Supreme Court, would do the right thing.

text: As in Hawaii (and even the earliest rounds of the marriage battle in the 1970s), litigation was central – but it wasn’t enough. Wolfson called for the creation of a campaign that reflected what he called the “4 multi’s”: it would be multi-year (not expected to win overnight), multi-state (not watching as victories were picked off one by one), multi-partner (no one organization could do it all), and multi-methodology (it would combine litigation, lobbying, public education, organization, direct action, fund-raising, and even, eventually, electoral). Wolfson knew that marriage advocates didn’t have to win every state, but they had to win enough states – and not every American had to be persuaded to support the freedom to marry, but enough Americans needed to be supportive before elected officials and judges, including the justices of the Supreme Court, would do the right thing.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hawaii

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: in the 1970s

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What did Wolfson call for the creation of?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Wolfson knew that marriage advocates didn’t have to win every state, but they had to win enough states

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were multi-partner

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the 1970s

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or mRNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first continent on Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first oxygen on earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ediacara fauna

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1970s),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: they had to win enough states

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1970s),

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-year (not expected to win overnight), multi-state

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Hawaii

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Hawaii

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: “4 multi’s”:

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: “4 multi’s”:

text: During the early Jurassic period, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. The Tethys Sea closed, and the Neotethys basin appeared. Climates were warm, with no evidence of glaciation. As in the Triassic, there was apparently no land over either pole, and no extensive ice caps existed.

text: During the early Jurassic period, the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: broke up into the northern supercontinent

text: Laurasia

text: and the southern supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: ; the

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: opened in the new rift between

text: North America

text: and what is now Mexico's

text: Yucatan Peninsula

text: . The Jurassic North

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. The

text: Tethys Sea

text: closed, and the

text: Neotethys

text: basin appeared. Climates were warm, with no evidence of

text: glaciation

text: . As in the Triassic, there was apparently no land over either pole, and no extensive ice caps existed.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: no evidence of glaciation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Nitrogen fixation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana;

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic period,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Climates were warm, with no evidence of glaciation.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Gondwana itself rifted apart.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Climates were warm, with no evidence of glaciation.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rifted apart.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: During the early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: During the early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Climates were warm, with no evidence of glaciation.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: During the early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rifted apart.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice caps

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: During the early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Neotethys

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: no evidence of glaciation.

text: OpenWorm is an international open science project to simulate the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans at the cellular level as a simulation. Although the long-term goal is to model all 959 cells of the C. elegans, the first stage is to model the worm's locomotion by simulating the 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells. This bottom up simulation  is being pursued by the OpenWorm community. So far the physics engine Sibernetic has been built and models of the neural connectome and a muscle cell have been created in the NeuroML format. A 3D model of the worm anatomy can be accessed through the web via the OpenWorm browser. The OpenWorm project is also contributing to develop Geppetto, a web-based multi-algorithm, multi-scale simulation platform engineered to support the simulation of the whole organism.

text: OpenWorm is an international

text: open science

text: project to simulate the roundworm

text: Caenorhabditis elegans

text: at the cellular level as a

text: simulation

text: . Although the long-term goal is to model all 959 cells of the C. elegans, the first stage is to model the worm's locomotion by simulating the 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells. This

text: bottom up

text: simulation  is being pursued by the OpenWorm community. So far the physics engine

text: Sibernetic

text: has been built and models of the neural

text: connectome

text: and a muscle cell have been created in the

text: NeuroML

text: format. A 3D model of the worm anatomy can be accessed through the web via the OpenWorm browser. The OpenWorm project is also contributing to develop Geppetto, a web-based multi-algorithm, multi-scale simulation platform engineered to support the simulation of the whole organism.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: C. elegans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The long-term goal is to model all 959 cells of the C. elegans

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: roundworm

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: What is the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did mantle convection start?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first continent on earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Earth been inhabited?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: roundworm

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: roundworm

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: connectome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: OpenWorm is an international open science project to simulate the roundworm

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 959 cells of the C. elegans,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: NeuroML

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: bottom up simulation is being pursued by the OpenWorm community.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: roundworm

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: OpenWorm is an international open science project to simulate the roundworm

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: roundworm

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: OpenWorm

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: neural connectome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 302 neurons and 95 muscle cells.

text: Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. Two ships would be employed; Endurance would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for Vahsel Bay from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent. Meanwhile, a second ship, the Aurora, would take a supporting party under Captain Aeneas Mackintosh to McMurdo Sound on the opposite side of the continent. This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier, these depots holding the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of  across the continent.

text: Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. Two ships would be employed;

text: Endurance

text: would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for Vahsel Bay from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent. Meanwhile, a second ship, the

text: Aurora

text: , would take a supporting party under Captain

text: Aeneas Mackintosh

text: to McMurdo Sound on the opposite side of the continent. This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier, these depots holding the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of  across the continent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What was the name of the second ship employed?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Endurance would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the main party

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Shackleton publish details of his new expedition?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Great Ice Barrier

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Great Ice Barrier

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a team of six,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Two ships would be employed;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Weddell Sea,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Weddell Sea,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Weddell Sea,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition",

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Ice Barrier

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Great Ice Barrier

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Trans-Antarctic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fuel

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fuel

text: There are no solid arguments to explain if Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life. On Earth, during the period when coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%, and  coincided with the periods of greatest biodiversity. So, assuming that the presence of a significant amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is essential for exoplanets to develop complex life forms, the percentage of oxygen relative to the total atmosphere appears to limit the maximum size of the planet for optimum superhabitability and ample biodiversity.

text: There are no solid arguments to explain if Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life. On Earth, during the period when

text: coal

text: was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%, and  coincided with the periods of greatest

text: biodiversity

text: . So, assuming that the presence of a significant amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is essential for exoplanets to develop complex life forms, the percentage of oxygen relative to the total atmosphere appears to limit the maximum size of the planet for optimum superhabitability and ample biodiversity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: coal was first formed

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen levels up to 35%

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen () levels were up to 35%, and coincided with the periods of greatest biodiversity

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: exoplanets

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: exoplanet

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 35,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no solid arguments to explain if Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: exoplants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: coal was first formed

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life. On Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life. On Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: coal was first formed,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the percentage of oxygen relative to the total atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: coal was first formed,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere has the optimal composition to host life. On Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: biodiversity.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: coal was first formed, atmospheric oxygen () levels were up to 35%,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: coal was first formed,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: exoplanets

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: coal

text: Set in an alternate universe in the year 2007-2010 (2049 in the U.S. dub), giant monsters and conquering aliens start to appear, as was foretold by an apocalyptic prophecy about an uncontrollable chaos over the Earth. Facing the threat, the TPC (Terrestrial Peaceable Consortium) is created along with its branch, GUTS (Global Unlimited Task Squad). Through a holographic message in a capsule found by researchers, the GUTS gets knowledge about a golden pyramid built by an ancient civilization. At the site, three statues of a race of giants who defended early human civilization on Earth about 30,000,000 years ago. GUTS finds the three ancient statues, but two of them are destroyed by the monsters Golza and Melba. The third one gains life from the spiritual energy of officer Daigo, descendant of the ancient race. Daigo and the remaining statue merge into a single being, made of light. Shortly after defeating the two monsters, Daigo is revealed by the hologram of the prophecy that 30 million years in the past, a great evil that not even the giants could stop, destroyed the ancient civilization.

text: Set in an alternate universe in the year 2007-2010 (2049 in the U.S. dub), giant monsters and conquering

text: alien

text: s start to appear, as was foretold by an apocalyptic prophecy about an uncontrollable chaos over the

text: Earth

text: . Facing the threat, the TPC (Terrestrial Peaceable Consortium) is created along with its branch, GUTS (Global Unlimited Task Squad). Through a

text: holographic

text: message in a capsule found by researchers, the GUTS gets knowledge about a golden pyramid built by an ancient civilization. At the site, three statues of a race of giants who defended early human civilization on Earth about 30,000,000 years ago. GUTS finds the three ancient statues, but two of them are destroyed by the monsters Golza and Melba. The third one gains life from the spiritual energy of officer Daigo, descendant of the ancient race. Daigo and the remaining statue merge into a single being, made of light. Shortly after defeating the two monsters, Daigo is revealed by the hologram of the prophecy that 30 million years in the past, a great evil that not even the giants could stop, destroyed the ancient civilization.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gold

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Human civilization

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Daigo and the remaining statue merge into a single being, made of light

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: about 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is destroyed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: giants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the giants defend human civilization?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents on Earth are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How long ago was the golden pyramid built by an ancient civilization?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 30,000,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere become

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years ago was the golden pyramid built by an ancient civilization

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: human civilization

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: golden pyramid

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: aliens

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: human civilization

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spiritual energy

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: giant monsters and conquering aliens start to appear,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: giants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2007-2010

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Daigo,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 30,000,000

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: human civilization on Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 30,000,000

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2007-2010

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 30,000,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: golden pyramid

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: golden pyramid

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: light.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: spiritual energy

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: light.

text: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen. While deexcitation can occur by emission of photons, more probable mechanism at atmospheric pressure is a chemical reaction with other oxygen molecules, forming ozone:

text: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen. While deexcitation can occur by emission of photons, more probable mechanism at atmospheric pressure is a chemical reaction with other oxygen molecules, forming

text: ozone

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed without oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical reaction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen is more stable than nitrogen at atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide with land

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is also known as dna

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely mechanism at atmospheric pressure?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how long ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most probable mechanism at atmospheric pressure?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: oxygen molecules,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical reaction with other oxygen molecules,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a chemical reaction with other oxygen molecules,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a chemical reaction with other oxygen molecules,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemical reaction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nitrogen.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone:

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ozone:

text: The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years. Evidence suggests that life on Earth has existed for at least 3.5 billion years, with the oldest physical traces of life dating back 3.7 billion years; however, some theories, such as the Late Heavy Bombardment theory, suggest that life on Earth may have started even earlier, as early as 4.1–4.4 billion years ago, and the chemistry leading to life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during an epoch when the universe was only 10–17 million years old. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, reflecting their common descent; based on these observations, hypotheses on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a universal common ancestor, from simple organic molecules via pre-cellular life to protocells and metabolism. Models have been divided into "genes-first" and "metabolism-first" categories, but a recent trend is the emergence of hybrid models that combine both categories.

text: The

text: age of the Earth

text: is about 4.54 billion years. Evidence suggests that life on Earth has existed for at least 3.5

text: billion years

text: , with the oldest physical

text: traces

text: of life dating back 3.7 billion years; however, some theories, such as the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment theory

text: , suggest that life on Earth may have started even earlier, as early as 4.1–4.4 billion years ago, and the

text: chemistry leading to life

text: may have begun shortly after the

text: Big Bang

text: 13.8 billion years ago

text: , during an epoch when the

text: universe

text: was only 10–17 million years old. All known life forms share fundamental molecular mechanisms, reflecting their

text: common descent

text: ; based on these observations, hypotheses on the origin of life attempt to find a mechanism explaining the formation of a

text: universal common ancestor

text: , from simple

text: organic molecule

text: s via pre-cellular life to

text: protocell

text: s and metabolism. Models have been divided into "genes-first" and "metabolism-first" categories, but a recent trend is the emergence of hybrid models that combine both categories.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 13.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the chemistry leading to life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Big Bang occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 13.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: genes-first

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many billion years ago was the Big Bang?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 13.8 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life on Earth has existed for at least 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "genes-first"

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Evidence suggests that life on Earth has existed for at least 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.7 billion years;

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Big Bang,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "genes-first"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "genes-first"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment theory,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: protocells and metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: hybrid models

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment theory,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 4.1–4.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: protocells and metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment theory,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: pre-cellular life to protocells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "genes-first"

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: simple organic molecules

text: Running in a rough north–south line on the seabed of the Andaman Sea is the boundary between two tectonic plates, the Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate. These plates (or microplates) are believed to have formerly been part of the larger Eurasian Plate, but were formed when transform fault activity intensified as the Indian Plate began its substantive collision with the Eurasian continent. As a result, a back-arc basin center was created, which began to form the marginal basin which would become the Andaman Sea, the current stages of which commenced approximately 3–4 million years ago (Ma).

text: Running in a rough north–south line on the seabed of the Andaman Sea is the boundary between two

text: tectonic plate

text: s, the

text: Burma Plate

text: and the

text: Sunda Plate

text: . These plates (or microplates) are believed to have formerly been part of the larger

text: Eurasian Plate

text: , but were formed when

text: transform fault

text: activity intensified as the

text: Indian Plate

text: began its substantive collision with the Eurasian

text: continent

text: . As a result, a

text: back-arc basin

text: center was created, which began to form the marginal

text: basin

text: which would become the Andaman Sea, the current stages of which commenced approximately 3–4 million years ago (

text: Ma

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Eurasian Plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate are believed to have formerly been part of the larger Eurasian Plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: transform fault activity intensified

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Burma Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years ago was the Andaman Sea formed?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3–4 million years ago (Ma).

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transform fault activity intensified

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Indian Plate began its substantive collision with the Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3–4 million years ago (Ma).

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collision with the Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Andaman Sea

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Andaman Sea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3–4 million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Andaman Sea

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: believed to have formerly been part of the larger Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Andaman Sea

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Indian Plate began its substantive collision with the Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Andaman Sea

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Andaman Sea,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3–4 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: collision with the Eurasian continent.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microplates)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Eurasian Plate,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Andaman Sea,

text: Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection makes the linked evolution of Earth's heat budget and the dynamics and structure of the mantle difficult to unravel. There is evidence that the processes of plate tectonics were not active in the Earth before 3.2 billion years ago, and that early Earth's internal heat loss could have been dominated by advection via heat-pipe volcanism. Terrestrial bodies with lower heat flows, such as the Moon and Mars, conduct their internal heat through a single lithospheric plate, and higher heat flows, such as on Jupiter's moon Io, result in advective heat transport via enhanced volcanism, while the active plate tectonics of Earth occur with an intermediate heat flow and a convecting mantle.

text: Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection makes the linked evolution of Earth's heat budget and the dynamics and structure of the mantle difficult to unravel. There is evidence that the processes of

text: plate tectonics

text: were not active in the Earth before 3.2 billion years ago, and that early Earth's internal heat loss could have been dominated by

text: advection

text: via heat-pipe volcanism. Terrestrial bodies with lower heat flows, such as the

text: Moon

text: and

text: Mars

text: conduct

text: their internal heat through a single lithospheric plate, and higher heat flows, such as on Jupiter's moon

text: Io

text: , result in

text: advective

text: heat transport via enhanced volcanism, while the active plate tectonics of Earth occur with an intermediate heat flow and a

text: convecting mantle

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: heat-pipe volcanism

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: heat-pipe volcanism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's internal heat loss could have been dominated by advection via heat-pipe volcanism

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: advection

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is it difficult to unravel the evolution of Earth's heat budget?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: heat-pipe volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: advection via heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the processes of plate tectonics were not active in the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Terrestrial bodies

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Controversy

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Jupiter's

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: advection via heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: advection via heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: advection via heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.2 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Terrestrial bodies

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: heat-pipe volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithospheric

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithospheric plate,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat-pipe volcanism.

text: Organic cofactors may have been present even earlier in the history of life on Earth. The nucleotide adenosine is present in cofactors that catalyse many basic metabolic reactions such as methyl, acyl, and phosphoryl group transfer, as well as redox reactions. This ubiquitous chemical scaffold has, therefore, been proposed to be a remnant of the RNA world, with early ribozymes evolving to bind a restricted set of nucleotides and related compounds. Adenosine-based cofactors are thought to have acted as interchangeable adaptors that allowed enzymes and ribozymes to bind new cofactors through small modifications in existing adenosine-binding domains, which had originally evolved to bind a different cofactor. This process of adapting a pre-evolved structure for a novel use is referred to as exaptation.

text: Organic cofactors may have been present even earlier in the

text: history of life

text: on Earth. The nucleotide

text: adenosine

text: is present in cofactors that catalyse many basic metabolic reactions such as methyl, acyl, and phosphoryl group transfer, as well as

text: redox

text: reactions. This ubiquitous chemical scaffold has, therefore, been proposed to be a remnant of the

text: RNA world

text: , with early

text: ribozyme

text: s evolving to bind a restricted set of nucleotides and related compounds. Adenosine-based cofactors are thought to have acted as interchangeable adaptors that allowed enzymes and ribozymes to bind new cofactors through small modifications in existing adenosine-binding

text: domain

text: s, which had originally evolved to bind a different cofactor. This process of adapting a pre-evolved structure for a novel use is referred to as

text: exaptation

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: organic cofactors may have been present even earlier

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This ubiquitous chemical scaffold has, therefore, been proposed to be a remnant of the RNA world

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: organic cofactors may have been present even earlier

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: organic cofactors may have been present even earlier

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: adenosine is present

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: adenosine

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ribozymes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: organic cofactors may have been present even earlier

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: redox reactions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: phosphoryl group

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: exaptation.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Adenosine-based cofactors

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ribozymes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The nucleotide adenosine

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ribozymes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Organic cofactors

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exaptation.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: adenosine

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: adenosine

text: In a cladistic context, transitional organisms can be seen as representing early examples of a branch, where not all of the traits typical of the previously known descendants on that branch have yet evolved. Such early representatives of a group are usually termed "basal taxa" or "sister taxa," depending on whether the fossil organism belongs to the daughter clade or not.

text: In a cladistic context, transitional organisms can be seen as representing early examples of a branch, where not all of the traits typical of the previously known descendants on that branch have yet evolved. Such early representatives of a group are usually termed "

text: basal taxa

text: " or "

text: sister taxa

text: ," depending on whether the fossil organism belongs to the daughter clade or not.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: sister taxa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: basal taxa

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: sister taxa

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: transitional organisms can be seen as representing early examples of a branch

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fossils are found

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: basal taxa

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: transitional

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: super fast

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: sister taxa

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: daughter clade

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: "basal taxa"

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "basal taxa" or "sister taxa,"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolved.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: transitional organisms can be seen as representing early examples of a branch,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "basal taxa" or "sister taxa,"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "basal taxa" or "sister taxa,"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolved.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "basal taxa"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "basal taxa"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: In a cladistic context,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "basal taxa" or "sister taxa,"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: "basal taxa" or "sister taxa,"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "basal taxa"

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolved.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: daughter clade or not.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: transitional organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "basal taxa"

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: In a cladistic context, transitional organisms

text: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology has been expanded to incorporate investigation of the cell biology of microbes themselves. "The field of cellular microbiology is a coalescence of two fields: molecular microbiology and cell biology," said Professor Jacek Hawiger, Chair of Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbuilt University. Particularly in the case of bacterial cells, new technology is starting to be used to reveal a high level of organization within the bacterial cells themselves. For example, high-resolution fluorescence microscopy  and atomic force microscopy  are both being used to show just how sophisticated bacterial cells are.

text: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology has been expanded to incorporate investigation of the

text: cell biology

text: of

text: microbe

text: s themselves. "The field of cellular microbiology is a coalescence of two fields: molecular microbiology and cell biology," said Professor Jacek Hawiger, Chair of Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbuilt University. Particularly in the case of bacterial cells, new technology is starting to be used to reveal a high level of organization within the bacterial cells themselves. For example,

text: high-resolution fluorescence microscopy

text: and atomic force microscopy  are both being used to show just how sophisticated

text: bacterial cells

text: are.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The field of cellular microbiology has been expanded to incorporate investigation of the cell biology of microbes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the field of cellular microbiology?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: new technology is starting to be used to reveal a high level of organization

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: molecular microbiology and cell biology,"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atomic force microscopy

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: bacterial cells,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fluorescence

text: The Liliales are characterised by (synapomorphies) the presence of nectaries at the base of the tepals or stamen filaments, together with extrorse (outward opening) anthers. This distinguishes them from the septal nectaries and introrse anthers that are the features of most other monocots. They are mainly geophytes with elliptical leaves showing fine reticulate venation. The tepals are usually large and pointed. The outer integument epidermis of the seed coat is cellular, and the phytomelanin pigment is lacking. The inner integument is also cellular and these features are plesiomorphic. The Liliales are predominantly perennial erect or twining herbaceous and climbing plants. They also include woody shrubs, which have fleshy stems and underground storage or perennating organs.

text: The Liliales are characterised by (

text: synapomorphies

text: ) the presence of

text: nectaries

text: at the base of the

text: tepals

text: or

text: stamen

text: filaments, together with

text: extrorse

text: (outward opening) anthers. This distinguishes them from the septal nectaries and introrse anthers that are the features of most other monocots. They are mainly

text: geophytes

text: with elliptical

text: leaves

text: showing fine

text: reticulate venation

text: . The tepals are usually large and pointed. The outer

text: integument

text: epidermis of the

text: seed coat

text: is cellular, and the

text: phytomelanin

text: pigment is lacking. The inner integument is also cellular and these features are

text: plesiomorphic

text: . The Liliales are predominantly

text: perennial

text: erect or twining

text: herbaceous

text: and

text: climbing

text: plants. They also include

text: woody

text: shrubs

text: , which have fleshy

text: stems

text: and underground

text: storage

text: or

text: perennating

text: organs.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Liliales

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Liliales

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Liliales are predominantly perennial erect or twining herbaceous and climbing plants

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Liliales

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Liliales

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: monocots

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: monocots

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: monocot

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: monocots

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: phytomelanin

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: phytomelanin

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plesiomorphic.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: predominantly perennial erect or twining herbaceous and climbing plants.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Liliales

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: geophytes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: cellular,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cellular, and the phytomelanin pigment is lacking.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Liliales

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: monocots.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extrorse (outward opening) anthers.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: phytomelanin

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: monocots.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: phytomelanin

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: phytomelanin

text: In the field of cellular biology, single-cell analysis refers to the study of individual cells isolated from tissues in multi-cellular organisms. Single cell analysis is a natural step in the reductionist approach to studying organisms. By studying one cell at a time, the results are certain to stem from that particular cell. A cell can for example be monitored as it migrates or divides into two cells, how many divisions that occur over time and the rate of cell division in a specific cell clone. Cell divisions are interesting in for example cancer, due to the uncontrolled rate of cell proliferation of a cancer cell as compared to a normal cell.

text: In the field of

text: cellular biology

text: , single-cell analysis refers to the study of individual cells isolated from tissues in

text: multi-cellular organism

text: s. Single cell analysis is a natural step in the reductionist approach to studying organisms. By studying one cell at a time, the results are certain to stem from that particular cell. A cell can for example be monitored as it migrates or divides into two cells, how many divisions that occur over time and the rate of cell division in a specific cell clone. Cell divisions are interesting in for example cancer, due to the uncontrolled rate of cell proliferation of a cancer cell as compared to a normal cell.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: single-cell analysis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: divides

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By studying one cell at a time, the results are certain to stem from that particular cell.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cell division occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: how many divisions that occur over time

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many divisions that occur over time

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many divisions that occur over time and the rate of cell division in a specific cell clone?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are possible

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: single-cell analysis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: two cells,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: single-cell analysis refers to the study of individual cells isolated from tissues

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: divides into two cells,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the results are certain to stem from that particular cell.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: divides into two cells,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: two

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the rate of cell division in a specific cell clone.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In the field of cellular biology,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: a specific cell clone.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: a specific cell clone.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single-cell

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell clone.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: a specific cell clone.

text: While life on Earth is regarded to have spawned relatively early in the planet's history, the evolution from multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years. Civilizations on Earth have existed for about 10,000 years and radio communication with space is not older than 80 years. Relative to the age of the Solar System (~4.57 Ga) this is a tiny age span, an age span in which extreme climatic variations, super volcanoes or large meteorite impacts were absent. These events would severely harm intelligent life, as well as life in general.  For example, the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, caused by widespread and continuous volcanic eruptions in an area the size of Western Europe, led to the extinction of 95% of known species around 251.2 Ma ago.  About 65 million years ago, the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (~65.5 Ma) on the Yucatán peninsula in Mexico led to a mass extinction of the most advanced species at that time.

text: While life on Earth is regarded to have spawned relatively early in the planet's history, the evolution from multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years. Civilizations on Earth have existed for about 10,000 years and radio communication with space is not older than 80 years. Relative to the age of the Solar System (~4.57 Ga) this is a tiny age span, an age span in which extreme climatic variations, super volcanoes or large meteorite impacts were absent. These events would severely harm intelligent life, as well as life in general.  For example, the

text: Permian-Triassic mass extinction

text: , caused by widespread and continuous volcanic eruptions in an area the size of Western Europe, led to the extinction of 95% of known species around 251.2

text: Ma

text: ago.  About 65 million years ago, the

text: Chicxulub

text: impact at the

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

text: (~65.5 Ma) on the

text: Yucatán peninsula

text: in

text: Mexico

text: led to a mass extinction of the most advanced species at that time.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleogene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.57 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.57 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth has existed for about how many years?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: evolution from multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Permian-Triassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: around 251.2 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: volcanic eruptions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 800 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 65 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: about 10,000 years

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Permian-Triassic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: large meteorite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.57 Ga)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: relatively early in the planet's history,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: extreme climatic variations,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the evolution from multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: large meteorite impacts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Permian-Triassic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: super volcanoes or large meteorite impacts were absent.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the evolution from multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.57 Ga)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: relatively early in the planet's history,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Permian-Triassic mass extinction,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multicellular to intelligent organisms took around 800 million years.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Solar System

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: radio communication with space is not older than 80 years.

text: One commentator has suggested that the image of the Star Child and Earth has contributed to the rise of the "whole earth" icon as a symbol of the unity of humanity. Writing in The Asia Pacific Journal Robert Jacobs traces the history of this icon from early cartoons and drawings of Earth to photographs of Earth from early space missions, to its historic appearance on the cover of The Whole Earth Catalog. Noting that images of the entire planet recur several times in A Space Odyssey, Jacobs writes

text: One commentator has suggested that the image of the Star Child and Earth has contributed to the rise of the "whole earth" icon as a symbol of the unity of humanity. Writing in The Asia Pacific Journal Robert Jacobs traces the history of this icon from early cartoons and drawings of Earth to photographs of Earth from early space missions, to its historic appearance on the cover of

text: The Whole Earth Catalog

text: . Noting that images of the entire planet recur several times in A Space Odyssey, Jacobs writes

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Star Child

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the "whole earth" icon as a symbol of the unity of humanity

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are thought to have been a few million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cartoons and drawings of Earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: space missions,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: images of the entire planet recur several times in A Space Odyssey,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: space missions,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Asia Pacific Journal

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early cartoons and drawings of Earth to photographs of Earth from early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: early cartoons and drawings of Earth to photographs of Earth from early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cartoons and drawings of Earth to photographs of Earth from early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: early space missions,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: space missions, to its historic appearance on the cover of The Whole Earth Catalog.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Star Child

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Star Child

text: The supercontinent Pangaea started to break up in the Early Jurassic, leading to the separation around 160 Ma of Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. Gondwana itself was soon fragmented into West Gondwana (i.e., Africa and South America) and East Gondwana (i.e., Antarctica and Australia plus India and Madagascar).  West Gondwana broke apart during the Cretaceous, as Africa and South America separated between 132 and 90 Ma. Between approximately 80 and 60 Ma, i.e. in the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene, North America and South America were perhaps connected, at least episodically, by a land bridge, due to the eastward motion of the Caribbean plate between the two continental masses.

text: The supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: started to break up in the Early

text: Jurassic

text: , leading to the separation around 160 Ma of Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. Gondwana itself was soon fragmented into West Gondwana (i.e., Africa and South America) and East Gondwana (i.e., Antarctica and Australia plus India and Madagascar).  West Gondwana broke apart during the

text: Cretaceous

text: , as

text: Africa

text: and

text: South America

text: separated between 132 and 90 Ma. Between approximately 80 and 60 Ma, i.e. in the Late Cretaceous and early

text: Paleocene

text: , North America and South America were perhaps connected, at least episodically, by a land bridge, due to the eastward motion of the Caribbean plate between the two continental masses.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Africa and South America separated between 132 and 90 Ma

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Gondwana itself was soon fragmented into West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 80 and 60 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What happened in the Early Jurassic?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times was the land bridge between North America and South America?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened in the Early Jurassic?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontologists

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the eastward motion of the Caribbean plate

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea started to break up in the Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: North America and South America were perhaps connected, at least episodically,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: eastward motion of the Caribbean plate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Madagascar).

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea started to break up in the Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: North America and South America were perhaps connected, at least episodically,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Madagascar). West Gondwana broke apart during the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Madagascar). West Gondwana broke apart during the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Madagascar).

text: DsRNA as well as ssRNA are assumed to be very ancient and presumably originated from the ‘RNA world’ as both types of RNA viruses infect bacteria as well as eukaryotes. Although the origin of viruses is still not well understood, recently presented data which suggest that viruses invaded the emerging ‘supergroups’ of eukaryotes from an ancestral pool in a very early stage of life on earth. According to Koonin, RNA viruses colonized eukaryotes first and subsequently co-evolved with their hosts. This concept fits well with the proposed ‘ancient co-evolution hypothesis’, which also assumes a long co-evolution of viruses and fungi. ‘The ancient coevolution hypothesis’ could contribute some explanation why mycoviruses are so diverse. It has also been suggested that it is very likely that plant viruses containing a movement protein have evolved from mycoviruses by introducing of an extracellular phase into their life cycle, rather than eliminating it. Furthermore, the recent discovery of an ssDNA mycovirus tempted some researchers to suggest that RNA and DNA viruses might have common evolutionary mechanisms. However, there are many cases where mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses. For example, CHV1 showed phylogenetic relatedness to the ssRNA genus Potyvirus and some ssRNA viruses, which were assumed to confer hypovirulence or debilitation, were often found to be more closely related to plant viruses than to other mycoviruses. Therefore, another theory arose that these viruses moved from a plant host to plant pathogenic fungal host or vice versa. This ‘plant virus hypothesis’ may not explain how mycoviruses developed originally, but it could help to understand how they evolved further.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ssRNA

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: RNA viruses infect bacteria as well as eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: how long ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ssRNA viruses infect bacteria as well as eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of RNA viruses infect bacteria as well as eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the 'ancient co-evolution hypothesis'?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ssRNA viruses

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: DsRNA as well as ssRNA are assumed to be very ancient

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ssRNA

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: CHV1

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a very early stage of life on earth.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: viruses invaded the emerging ‘supergroups’

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: DsRNA

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: RNA viruses colonized eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: RNA and DNA viruses might have common evolutionary mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: RNA viruses

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: RNA viruses colonized eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: sDNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ancestral pool

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: eliminating it.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ‘RNA world’

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ‘RNA world’

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: mycoviruses

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ancestral pool

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: extracellular phase into their life cycle,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ancestral pool

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria as well as eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mycoviruses are grouped together with plant viruses.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mycoviruses

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ssDNA mycovirus

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: movement protein

text: Using paleomagnetism of rocks from South Africa, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Russia and China, Evans has worked to reassemble the configuration of supercontinents that preceded Pangea. He was a member of drilling projects of the Kaapvaal craton with the Agouron institute for geobiology, and a member of the scientific team to develop a large igneous province global "barcode" record of plume magmatism on Earth. He has also contributed primary data demonstrating that ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes, which has been incorporated into the Snowball Earth theory of the planet's long term paleoclimate. Evans is involved with the latest efforts at reconstructing the history of supercontinents on Earth through the last three billion years. He is the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Yale University; and the current coordinator of field student expeditions to locations including Norway, Queensland, Australia, British Columbia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, as well as undergraduate excursions to Sicily and Barbados. He has spent sabbatical leaves in Taiwan and Australia, where he studied modern and ancient mountain building processes. Evans is a 2002 honoree of the Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering, and a finalist for the Blavatnik Awards for young scientists.

text: Using

text: paleomagnetism

text: of rocks from South Africa, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Russia and China, Evans has worked to reassemble the configuration of supercontinents that preceded

text: Pangea

text: . He was a member of drilling projects of the Kaapvaal craton with the Agouron institute for geobiology, and a member of the scientific team to develop a large igneous province global "barcode" record of plume magmatism on Earth. He has also contributed primary data demonstrating that ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes, which has been incorporated into the Snowball Earth theory of the planet's long term paleoclimate. Evans is involved with the latest efforts at reconstructing the history of supercontinents on Earth through the last three billion years. He is the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Yale University; and the current coordinator of field student expeditions to locations including Norway, Queensland, Australia, British Columbia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, as well as undergraduate excursions to Sicily and Barbados. He has spent sabbatical leaves in Taiwan and Australia, where he studied modern and ancient mountain building processes. Evans is a 2002 honoree of the Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering, and a finalist for the Blavatnik Awards for young scientists.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Evans has contributed primary data demonstrating that ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Pangea?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents that preceded Pangea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What has been incorporated into the Snowball Earth theory?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plume magmatism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: paleomagnetism

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supercontinents that preceded Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: three billion years.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: reassemble the configuration of supercontinents that preceded Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Evans

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: three billion years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: supercontinents that preceded Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents that preceded Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Snowball Earth theory

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: paleomagnetism

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Snowball Earth theory

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: paleomagnetism

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: paleomagnetism

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ancient ice ages had continental ice sheets reaching tropical latitudes,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plume magmatism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Kaapvaal craton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: plume magmatism

text: The much larger eukaryotic genome with its rapid copying gave eukaryotes the capacity to create many different types of cells and assemble them together into large, complex, multicellular life. By 1.2 Ga, meiosis and sexual reproduction are present in single-celled eukaryotes. Bangiomorpha pubescens, a fossil multicellular red algae from the 1.2 Ga Hunting Formation, is the first known sexually reproducing organism. Fossils show differential spore/gamete formation, which is also evidence of cellular differentiation.

text: The much larger eukaryotic genome with its rapid copying gave eukaryotes the capacity to create many different types of cells and assemble them together into large, complex, multicellular life. By 1.2 Ga,

text: meiosis

text: and sexual reproduction are present in single-celled eukaryotes. Bangiomorpha pubescens, a fossil multicellular red algae from the 1.2 Ga Hunting Formation, is the first known sexually reproducing organism. Fossils show differential spore/gamete formation, which is also evidence of

text: cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 1.2 Ga

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossil multicellular red algae

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1.2 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1.2 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: meiosis and sexual reproduction

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: meiosis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sexual reproduction are present in single-celled eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1.2 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: eukaryotes reproduce

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.2 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular red algae

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Hunting Formation?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Hunting Formation begin?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the first known sexually reproducing organism?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the first known sexually reproducing organism?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: By 1.2 Ga, meiosis and sexual reproduction are present in single-celled

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Hunting Formation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gamete

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: spore

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 1.2 Ga Hunting Formation,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: meiosis and sexual reproduction

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: meiosis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sexual reproduction are present in single-celled eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a fossil multicellular red algae from the 1.2 Ga Hunting Formation,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sexually reproducing

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genome

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: eukaryotic genome

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The much larger eukaryotic genome

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multicellular life.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The much larger eukaryotic genome with its rapid copying

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: single-celled eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1.2 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bangiomorpha pubescens,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rapid copying

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The much larger eukaryotic genome

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: spore/gamete

text: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history. The fossils themselves are referred to as the fossil record. The fossil record was one of the early sources of data underlying the study of evolution and continues to be relevant to the history of life on Earth. Paleontologists examine the fossil record to understand the process of evolution and the way particular species have evolved.

text: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history. The fossils themselves are referred to as the fossil record. The fossil record was one of the early sources of data underlying the study of

text: evolution

text: and continues to be relevant to the

text: history of life on Earth

text: Paleontologist

text: s examine the fossil record to understand the process of evolution and the way particular

text: species

text: have evolved.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: remains unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paleontologists examine the fossil record to understand the process of evolution

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: paleontologists examine the fossil record

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not included in the fossil record

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fossils are gathered

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossil record

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the fossil record begin?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontologists

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fossil record

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: continues to be relevant to the history of life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fossil record.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gathering fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fossils dates at least to the beginning of recorded history.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: fossil record.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Paleontologists

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils

text: This time is cryptic because very little geological evidence has survived from this time. Most geological landforms and rocks were probably destroyed in the early bombardment phase, or by the continued effects of plate tectonics. The Earth accreted, its interior differentiated and its molten surface solidified during the Cryptic era. The proposed collision that led to formation of the Moon occurred also at this time. The oldest known minerals are from the Cryptic era.

text: This time is cryptic because very little

text: geological

text: evidence has survived from this time. Most geological landforms and rocks were probably destroyed in the

entity_name: Formation and evolution of the Solar System

text: early bombardment phase

text: , or by the continued effects of plate tectonics. The Earth

text: accreted

text: , its interior

text: differentiated

text: and its molten surface solidified during the Cryptic era. The

text: proposed collision

text: that led to formation of the

text: Moon

text: occurred also at this time. The oldest known minerals are from the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cryptic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cryptic era

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a molten surface

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The oldest known minerals are from the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cryptic era

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the cryptic era?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Ediacara fauna or Cryptic era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: bombardment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cryptic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cryptic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten surface solidified during the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: molten surface solidified during the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The oldest known minerals are from the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The oldest known minerals are from the Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The Earth accreted,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: This time is cryptic because very little geological evidence

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cryptic era.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: minerals

text: Honduras lies just off the triple-junction of the North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates to the north. On the other sides it is surrounded by transform faults and trenches created by the movement of these plates. The most seismic activity occurs along the plate boundary between Caribbean and Cocos in a N–E trending Benioff zone, split into two sections, one with a shallow dip, the other with a far more steep decline. The plates are converging by subduction, Cocos under the Caribbean, at a rate of  to  annually. Within Honduras, there are at least three other major faults–La Ceiba, Guyape, and Aguan–apparently unrelated to plate movement.

text: Honduras lies just off the triple-junction of the

text: North American

text: Cocos

text: , and

text: Caribbean

text: tectonic plates

text: to the north. On the other sides it is surrounded by

text: transform faults

text: and trenches created by the movement of these plates. The most seismic activity occurs along the plate boundary between Caribbean and Cocos in a N–E trending

text: Benioff zone

text: , split into two sections, one with a shallow dip, the other with a far more steep decline. The plates are

text: converging

text: by

text: subduction

text: , Cocos under the Caribbean, at a rate of  to  annually. Within Honduras, there are at least three other major faults–La Ceiba, Guyape, and Aguan–apparently unrelated to plate movement.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cocos

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The plates are converging by subduction, Cocos under the Caribbean, at a rate of to annually

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: North American

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many major faults are unrelated to plate movement?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many plates are converging by subduction?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Caribbean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: transform faults and trenches

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: subduction,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Aguan–apparently unrelated to plate movement.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: movement of these plates.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: annually.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: North American, Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Honduras

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cocos, and Caribbean tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: transform faults and trenches

text: Among the first 500 residents of Davenport in the late 1830s and early 1840s were 12 people who were Jewish.  There was no attempt to organize a congregation until more substantial numbers immigrated from Germany in the 1850s.  Mount Nebo Cemetery, adjacent to Pine Hill Cemetery, was organized at that time.  By 1860 there were eleven Jewish families in town.  On October 21, 1861 they organized the B'nai Israel congregation, the first Jewish congregation to organize in the state of Iowa.  In 1862 they rented the third floor of the building where the Forrest Block now stands for use as a synagogue.  The constitutions and by-laws were accepted and approved on December 6, 1862.  The congregation floundered somewhat in its early years until it was more fully organized in 1874.

text: Among the first 500 residents of Davenport in the late 1830s and early 1840s were 12 people who were Jewish.  There was no attempt to organize a congregation until more substantial numbers immigrated from

text: Germany

text: in the 1850s.  Mount Nebo Cemetery, adjacent to

text: Pine Hill Cemetery

text: , was organized at that time.  By 1860 there were eleven Jewish families in town.  On October 21, 1861 they organized the B'nai Israel congregation, the first Jewish congregation to organize in the state of Iowa.  In 1862 they rented the third floor of the building where the

text: Forrest Block

text: now stands for use as a synagogue.  The constitutions and by-laws were accepted and approved on December 6, 1862.  The congregation floundered somewhat in its early years until it was more fully organized in 1874.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many people were Jewish in Davenport in the late 1830s and early 1840s?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The constitutions and by-laws were accepted and approved on December 6, 1862

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Jewish

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many years did it take for the congregation to floundered?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years did it take for the B'nai Israel congregation to organize in the state of Iowa?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many people were Jewish in Davenport in the late 1830s and early 1840s?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Pine Hill Cemetery

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 12 people who were Jewish.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: more substantial numbers immigrated from Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: more substantial numbers immigrated from Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Jewish.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: B'nai Israel congregation,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Germany in the 1850s.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Jewish.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: immigrated from Germany

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 1874.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Jewish.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cemetery,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 1874.

text: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South.

text: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see

text: flat earth

text: ), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that

text: Polaris

text: is seen lower in the sky as one travels South.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: could only be caused by spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: polaris

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flat

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: flat

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: flat

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: flat

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: flat

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: spherical Earth

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: dome

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: flat earth),

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows

text: Single-celled organisms as well as sponges digest their food intracellularly. Other multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly, within a digestive cavity. In this case the digestive enzymes are released into a cavity that is continuous with the animal's external environment. In cnidarians and in flatworms such as planarians, the digestive cavity, called a gastrovascular cavity, has only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus. There is no specialization within this type of digestive system because every cell is exposed to all stages of food digestion.

text: Single-celled organism

text: s as well as

text: sponge

text: s digest their food intracellularly. Other

text: multi-cellular organisms

text: digest their food extracellularly, within a digestive cavity. In this case the

text: digestive enzyme

text: s are released into a cavity that is continuous with the animal's external environment. In cnidarians and in

text: flatworm

text: s such as

text: planarian

text: s, the digestive cavity, called a gastrovascular cavity, has only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus. There is no specialization within this type of digestive system because every cell is exposed to all stages of food digestion.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: intracellularly

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Single-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: planarians

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Single-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: digestive enzymes

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: planarians, the digestive cavity, called a gastrovascular cavity,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Single-celled

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: intracellularly.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: every cell is exposed to all stages of food digestion.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continuous with the animal's external environment.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: continuous with the animal's external environment.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular organisms digest their food extracellularly,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: planarians, the digestive cavity, called a gastrovascular cavity,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Single-celled organisms as well as sponges

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Single-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: digestive enzymes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: gastrovascular cavity,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Single-celled

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: digestive enzymes

text: Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic processes that can lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as ATP molecules.

text: Bioenergetics is a field in

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: cell biology

text: that concerns

text: energy

text: flow through living systems. This is an active area of

text: biological

text: research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different

text: cellular

text: processes such as

text: cellular respiration

text: and the many other

text: metabolic

text: processes that can lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as

text: ATP

text: molecules.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ATP molecules

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ATP molecules

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ATP molecules

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bioenergetics is studied

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why are prokaryoes more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Bioenergetics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ATP molecules.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ATP molecules.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP molecules.

text: From the earliest times, the Chinese were concerned with the destructive force of earthquakes. It was recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian of 91 BC that in 780 BC an earthquake had been powerful enough to divert the courses of three rivers. It was not known at the time that earthquakes were caused by the shifting of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust; instead, the people of the ancient Zhou Dynasty explained them as disturbances with cosmic yin and yang, along with the heavens' displeasure with acts committed (or the common peoples' grievances ignored) by the current ruling dynasty. These theories were ultimately derived from the ancient text of the Yijing (Book of Changes), in its fifty-first hexagram. There were other early theories about earthquakes, developed by those such as the ancient Greeks. Anaxagoras (c. 500–428 BC) believed that they were caused by excess water near the surface crust of the earth bursting into the Earth's hollows; Democritus (c. 460–370 BC) believed that the saturation of the Earth with water caused them; Anaximenes (c. 585–c. 525 BC) believed they were the result of massive pieces of the Earth falling into the cavernous hollows due to drying; and Aristotle (384–322 BC) believed they were caused by instability of vapor (pneuma) caused by the drying of the moist Earth by the Sun's rays.

text: From the earliest times, the Chinese were concerned with the destructive force of earthquakes. It was recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian of 91 BC that in 780 BC an earthquake had been powerful enough to divert the courses of three rivers. It was not known at the time that earthquakes were caused by the shifting of

text: tectonic plate

text: s in the Earth's crust; instead, the people of the ancient Zhou Dynasty explained them as disturbances with cosmic

text: yin and yang

text: , along with the heavens' displeasure with acts committed (or the common peoples' grievances ignored) by the current ruling dynasty. These theories were ultimately derived from the ancient text of the

text: Yijing

text: (Book of Changes), in its fifty-first hexagram. There were other early theories about earthquakes, developed by those such as the

text: ancient Greeks

text: Anaxagoras

text: (c. 500–428 BC) believed that they were caused by excess water near the surface crust of the earth bursting into the Earth's hollows;

text: Democritus

text: (c. 460–370 BC) believed that the saturation of the Earth with water caused them;

text: Anaximenes

text: (c. 585–c. 525 BC) believed they were the result of massive pieces of the Earth falling into the cavernous hollows due to drying; and

text: Aristotle

text: (384–322 BC) believed they were caused by instability of vapor (pneuma) caused by the drying of the moist Earth by the Sun's rays.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 780 BC

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What did the ancient Greeks believe caused earthquakes?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ancient Greeks believed they were the result of massive pieces of the Earth falling into the cavernous hollows due to drying

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: c. 460–370 BC

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earthquakes occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 780 BC

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the Chinese

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many theories about earthquakes were developed by those such as the ancient Greeks

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years did the Precambrian Era last?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earliest times

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: vapor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Zhou Dynasty

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 780 BC

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the Chinese were concerned with the destructive force of earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: excess water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fifty-first hexagram.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There were other early theories about earthquakes,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: shifting of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: earthquakes were caused by the shifting of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: shifting of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: bursting into the Earth's hollows;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: earthquakes were caused by the shifting of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: earthquakes were caused by the shifting of tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: vapor

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: earthquakes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 91 BC

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Yijing (Book of Changes),

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Sun's rays.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: vapor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: vapor (pneuma)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: vapor

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: vapor

text: The atmosphere of the early Earth is not well understood. Most geologists believe it was composed primarily of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other relatively inert gases, and was lacking in free oxygen. There is, however, evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clemmey |first=Harry |first2=Nick |last2=Badham |title=Oxygen in the Precambrian Atmosphere |journal=Geology |date=1982 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=141–146 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10

text: The

text: atmosphere

text: of the early Earth is not well understood. Most geologists believe it was composed primarily of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other relatively inert gases, and was lacking in free

text: oxygen

text: . There is, however, evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clemmey |first=Harry |first2=Nick |last2=Badham |title=Oxygen in the Precambrian Atmosphere |journal=

text: Geology

text: |date=1982 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=141–146 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the late Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not well understood

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There is evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not well understood

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Nick

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not well understood.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It is not possible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The atmosphere of the early Earth is not well understood.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It does not say

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: |last2=Badham

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other relatively inert gases,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: lacking in free oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: |last=Clemmey

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: |first2=Nick

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: early Archean.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen, carbon dioxide,

text: Despite the Voyager data, evidence for a tenuous oxygen atmosphere (exosphere) on Ganymede, very similar to the one found on Europa, was found by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1995. HST actually observed airglow of atomic oxygen in the far-ultraviolet at the wavelengths 130.4 nm and 135.6 nm. Such an airglow is excited when molecular oxygen is dissociated by electron impacts, which is evidence of a significant neutral atmosphere composed predominantly of O molecules. The surface number density probably lies in the  range, corresponding to the surface pressure of . These values are in agreement with the Voyager

text: Despite the Voyager data, evidence for a tenuous

text: oxygen

text: atmosphere (

text: exosphere

text: ) on Ganymede, very similar to the one found on

text: Europa

text: , was found by the

text: Hubble Space Telescope

text: (HST) in 1995. HST actually observed

text: airglow

text: of

text: atomic oxygen

text: in the far-ultraviolet at the wavelengths 130.4 nm and 135.6 nm. Such an airglow is excited when

text: molecular oxygen

text: is

text: dissociated

text: by electron impacts, which is evidence of a significant neutral atmosphere composed predominantly of O molecules. The surface number density probably lies in the  range, corresponding to the surface pressure of . These values are in agreement with the Voyager

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Voyager data

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The surface number density probably lies in the range, corresponding to the surface pressure of

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ganymede

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 130.4 nm

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: exosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Despite the Voyager data

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: exosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: exosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: O molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ganymede,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: O molecules.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ganymede,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: electron impacts,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: These values are in agreement with the Voyager

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molecular oxygen is dissociated by electron impacts,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ganymede,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Despite the Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Despite the Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ganymede,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Despite the Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ganymede,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: HST actually observed airglow of atomic oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Despite the Voyager data,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: molecular oxygen is dissociated by electron impacts,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen atmosphere (exosphere)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: neutral

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: O molecules.

text: Near Cape Mendocino, the Mendocino Triple Junction is an area of active seismicity where three tectonic plates come together. The Mendocino Fracture Zone (also known as the Mendocino Fault east of the Gorda Ridge) is a transform fault that separates the Pacific and Gorda Plates. To the south, the relative motion between the Pacific Plate and North American Plate is accommodated by the San Andreas Fault, and to the north, the Gorda Plate is converging with the North American Plate at the Cascadia Subduction Zone.

text: Near

text: Cape Mendocino

text: , the

text: Mendocino Triple Junction

text: is an area of active seismicity where three tectonic plates come together. The

text: Mendocino Fracture Zone

text: (also known as the Mendocino Fault east of the

text: Gorda Ridge

text: ) is a

text: transform fault

text: that separates the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Gorda Plate

text: s. To the south, the relative motion between the Pacific Plate and

text: North American Plate

text: is accommodated by the

text: San Andreas Fault

text: , and to the north, the Gorda Plate is converging with the North American Plate at the

text: Cascadia Subduction Zone

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mendocino Triple Junction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: three plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Gorda Plate is converging with the North American Plate at the Cascadia Subduction Zone

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gorda Ridge

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: three plates come together

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gorda Ridge

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many tectonic plates come together?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many tectonic plates come together?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many tectonic plates come together near Cape Mendocino?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: how many tectonic plates come together

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many tectonic plates come together?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many tectonic plates come together?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many plates come together at the Mendocino Triple Junction?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Gorda Plate is converging with the North American Plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pacific and Gorda Plates.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: three tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Mendocino Fracture Zone

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cascadia Subduction Zone.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Mendocino Fault east of the Gorda Ridge)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Near Cape Mendocino,

text: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea began to break up  and is still doing so today. Because Pangaea is the most recent of Earth's supercontinents, it is the most well known and understood. Contributing to Pangaea's popularity in the classroom is the fact that its reconstruction is almost as simple as fitting the present continents bordering the Atlantic-type oceans like puzzle pieces.

text: The

text: Phanerozoic

text: supercontinent Pangaea began to break up  and is still doing so today. Because Pangaea is the most recent of Earth's supercontinents, it is the most well known and understood. Contributing to Pangaea's popularity in the classroom is the fact that its reconstruction is almost as simple as fitting the present continents bordering the Atlantic-type oceans like puzzle pieces.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pangaea is the most well known and understood supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most recent of Earth's supercontinents?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did Pangaea begin to break up?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is Pangaea popular in the classroom?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not an element: iron, iron oxide, or iron?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the most recent of Earth's supercontinents?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: puzzle pieces.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it is the most well known and understood.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Atlantic-type oceans

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Atlantic-type oceans

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The Phanerozoic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Phanerozoic supercontinent Pangaea

text: Humans who are from Earth are referred to as the Tau'ri by most other life forms in the galaxy, including the Goa'uld. Earth is a relatively important player on account of the radical change it unwittingly brought about when troops under the command of Colonel Jack O'Neill killed Goa'uld Supreme System Lord Ra and started a guerrilla war against the Goa'uld. However, its importance pales in comparison to the power of the System Lords or the Free Jaffa Nation, even though after the extinction of the Asgard and the defeat of the Ori, the Tau'ri became the dominant race of known space — although they were initially at a huge technological disadvantage, they later managed to reverse-engineer Goa'uld technology to the point where they started building their own ships, though much of it was rendered obsolete when the Asgard granted a significant amount of non-weapon technology. The Tau'ri also created remarkable technological feats, such as fighters equipped with hyperdrives powered by an unstable isotope. Their power increased further when they discovered that, due to crossbreeding with Ancients before their extinction, some Earth-born humans actually possessed a unique gene required to operate some of the more advanced Ancient technology. The peak of their power occurred when the Asgard donated their entire technological knowledge to Earth prior to their extinction. With this and some Ancient technology, the Tau'ri actually surpassed their precursors and defeated the Ori.

text: Humans who are from Earth are referred to as the

text: Tau'ri

text: by most other life forms in the galaxy, including the

text: Goa'uld

text: . Earth is a relatively important player on account of the radical change it unwittingly brought about when troops under the command of Colonel

text: Jack O'Neill

text: killed Goa'uld Supreme System Lord

text: Ra

text: and started a guerrilla war against the Goa'uld. However, its importance pales in comparison to the power of the

text: System Lords

text: or the

text: Free Jaffa Nation

text: , even though after the extinction of the Asgard and the defeat of the

text: Ori

text: , the Tau'ri became the dominant race of known space — although they were initially at a huge technological disadvantage, they later managed to reverse-engineer Goa'uld technology to the point where they started building their own ships, though much of it was rendered obsolete when the Asgard granted a significant amount of non-weapon technology. The Tau'ri also created remarkable technological feats, such as fighters equipped with hyperdrives powered by an unstable isotope. Their power increased further when they discovered that, due to crossbreeding with Ancients before their extinction, some Earth-born humans actually possessed a unique gene required to operate some of the more advanced Ancient technology. The peak of their power occurred when the Asgard donated their entire technological knowledge to Earth prior to their extinction. With this and some Ancient technology, the Tau'ri actually surpassed their precursors and defeated the Ori.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: What was the fourth supercontinent to form?

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Tau'ri actually surpassed their precursors

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What happened to the Tau'ri?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: After the extinction of the Asgard and the defeat of the Ori, the Tau'ri became the dominant race of known space

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: What did the Tau'ri actually surpass their precursors?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's population increases

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Tau'ri defeat the Ori?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years did the Asgard donate their entire technological knowledge to Earth prior to their extinction?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ori

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life forms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: crossbreeding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: crossbreeding with Ancients

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: crossbreeding

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Tau'ri became the dominant race of known space

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth are referred to as the Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth are referred to as the Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unstable isotope.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth are referred to as the Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the Tau'ri actually surpassed their precursors

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Asgard

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: crossbreeding with Ancients

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: crossbreeding with Ancients

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: the Tau'ri actually surpassed their precursors

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Asgard

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: crossbreeding with Ancients

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth are referred to as the Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: crossbreeding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unstable isotope.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Goa'uld.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: unstable isotope.

text: The role the Paleo-Tethys played in the supercontinent cycle, and especially the break-up of Pangaea, is unresolved.  Some geologists argue that the opening of the North Atlantic was triggered by the subduction of Panthalassa under the western margins of the Americas while other argue that the closure of the Paleo-Tethys and Tethys resulted in the break-up.  In the first scenario, mantle plumes caused the opening of the Atlantic and the break-up of Pangaea and the closure of the Tethyan domain was one of the consequences of this process; in the other scenario, the longitudinal forces that closed the Tethyan domain were transmitted latitudinally in what is today the Mediterranean region, resulting in the initial opening of the Atlantic.

text: The role the Paleo-Tethys played in the

text: supercontinent cycle

text: , and especially the break-up of

text: Pangaea

text: , is unresolved.  Some geologists argue that the opening of the North Atlantic was triggered by the subduction of

text: Panthalassa

text: under the western margins of the Americas while other argue that the closure of the Paleo-Tethys and Tethys resulted in the break-up.  In the first scenario,

text: mantle plume

text: s caused the opening of the Atlantic and the break-up of Pangaea and the closure of the Tethyan domain was one of the consequences of this process; in the other scenario, the longitudinal forces that closed the Tethyan domain were transmitted latitudinally in what is today the Mediterranean region, resulting in the initial opening of the Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unresolved

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys played in the supercontinent cycle, and especially the break-up of Pangaea, is unresolved

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are unresolved

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the role the Paleo-Tethys played in the supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mantle plumes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: latitudinally

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the closure of the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinent cycle,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: mantle plumes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unresolved.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent cycle,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mantle plumes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle plumes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tethyan

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The role the Paleo-Tethys

text: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids, including the modifications made to a particular set of lipids, produced by an organism or system.

text: Lipidome

text: is the entire complement of cellular

text: lipid

text: s, including the modifications made to a particular set of lipids, produced by an organism or system.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lipids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Lipidome is the complete complement of lipids

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are made of lipids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Lipidome is not present.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lipids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is Lipidome?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lipids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lipids

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: modifications

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Lipidome

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Lipidome is the entire complement of cellular lipids,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Lipidome

text: With all photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished, and is eventually removed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, perhaps from volcanic eruptions. Eventually the loss of oxygen will cause all remaining aerobic life to die out via asphyxiation, leaving behind only simple anaerobic prokaryotes. When the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years, Earth will suffer a moist greenhouse effect resulting in its oceans boiling away, while the Earth's liquid outer core freezes due to the inner core's expansion and causes the Earth's magnetic field to shut down. In the absence of a magnetic field, charged particles from the Sun will deplete the atmosphere and further increase the Earth's temperature to an average of ~420 K (147 °C, 296 °F) in 2.8 billion years, causing the last remaining life on Earth to die out. This is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event. Since this will only happen late in the Sun's life, such will cause the final mass extinction in Earth's history (albeit a very long extinction event).

text: With all photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished, and is eventually removed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, perhaps from volcanic eruptions. Eventually the loss of oxygen will cause all remaining aerobic life to die out via asphyxiation, leaving behind only simple anaerobic prokaryotes. When the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years, Earth will suffer a moist greenhouse effect resulting in its oceans boiling away, while the Earth's liquid outer core freezes due to the inner core's expansion and causes the Earth's magnetic field to shut down. In the absence of a magnetic field, charged particles from the Sun will deplete the atmosphere and further increase the Earth's temperature to an average of ~420 K (147 °C, 296 °F) in 2.8 billion years, causing the last remaining life on Earth to die out. This is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event. Since this will only happen late in the Sun's life, such will cause the final mass extinction in Earth's history (albeit a very long extinction event).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: liquid outer core

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's magnetic field shut down

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's liquid outer core freezes due to the inner core's expansion and causes the Earth's magnetic field to shut down

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: What will happen in about a billion years?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's magnetic field shuts down

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What will happen late in the Sun's life?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long was the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What is the most extreme instance of a climate-caused extinction event?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: When the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anaerobic prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a billion years,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: simple anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: simple anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Sun becomes 10% brighter in about a billion years,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a billion years,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: With all photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.8 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: With all photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: With all photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: With all photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: volcanic eruptions.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: simple anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: simple anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anaerobic prokaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors in the synaptic cleft.  The PSD also serves as a signaling apparatus.  For instance kinases and phosphatases in the PSD are activated and released from the PSD to change the activity of proteins located in the spine or are transported to the nucleus to affect protein synthesis. Some of the features of the PSD are similar to the neuromuscular junction and other cellular junctions, as the PSD has been modeled as a specialized cellular junction that allows for rapid, asymmetrical signaling.

text: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors in the synaptic cleft.  The PSD also serves as a signaling apparatus.  For instance kinases and phosphatases in the PSD are activated and released from the PSD to change the activity of proteins located in the spine or are transported to the nucleus to affect

text: protein synthesis

text: . Some of the features of the PSD are similar to the

text: neuromuscular junction

text: and other

text: cellular junctions

text: , as the PSD has been modeled as a specialized cellular junction that allows for rapid, asymmetrical signaling.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: synaptic cleft

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not represented in this article

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are transported to the nucleus

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular junction

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: phosphatases

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: cleft.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The PSD also serves as a signaling apparatus.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: neuromuscular junction

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rapid, asymmetrical signaling.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The PSD

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The PSD

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: synaptic cleft.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protein

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: phosphatases

text: The Jagaroth are an ancient and extinct race of aliens introduced in the Fourth Doctor serial City of Death. The Doctor remarked that the Jagaroth were “a vicious, callous, warlike race whom the universe won't miss.” The story reveals that life on Earth moved from being amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells because a Jagaroth space ship exploded on Earth 400 million years ago.

text: The Jagaroth are an ancient and

text: extinct

text: race of

text: aliens

text: introduced in the

text: Fourth Doctor

text: serial

text: City of Death

text: . The Doctor remarked that the Jagaroth were “a vicious, callous, warlike race whom the universe won't miss.” The story reveals that life on Earth moved from being

text: amino acids

text: in a

text: primordial soup

text: to functioning

text: cells

text: because a Jagaroth space ship exploded on Earth 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Doctor remarked that the Jagaroth were a vicious, callous, warlike race

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth moves from being amino acids in a primordial soup

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did the Jagaroth space ship explode on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years ago did the Jagaroth space ship explode?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or amino acids?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Jagaroth space ship explode?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: primordial soup

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Jagaroth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 400 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a Jagaroth space ship exploded on Earth 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: exploded on Earth 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 400 million years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 400 million

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Jagaroth space ship exploded on Earth 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 400 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exploded

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: amino acids in a primordial soup to functioning cells

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Jagaroth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: amino acids

text: Latter Day Saints believe that the soul existed before earth life and will exist in the hereafter. Angels are either spirits that have not yet come to earth to experience their mortality, or spirits or resurrected beings that have already passed through mortality and do the will of God. See Job 38:4-7, D&C 93:29. According to LDS Doctrine, Michael the Archangel became the first man on earth, Adam, to experience his mortality. The Angel of Moroni visited the boy, Joseph Smith, after living out his mortal life in ancient America. Later, he received Angelic administrations from the Apostles Peter, James, and John, John the Baptist, and others.

text: Latter Day Saints believe that the soul existed before earth life and will exist in the hereafter. Angels are either spirits that have not yet come to earth to experience their mortality, or spirits or resurrected beings that have already passed through mortality and do the will of God. See Job 38:4-7, D&C 93:29. According to LDS Doctrine, Michael the Archangel became the first man on earth, Adam, to experience his mortality. The Angel of Moroni visited the boy, Joseph Smith, after living out his mortal life in ancient America. Later, he received Angelic administrations from the Apostles Peter, James, and John, John the Baptist, and others.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Adam

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Angels

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Latter Day Saints believe that the soul existed before earth life and will exist in the hereafter

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the soul

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: soul

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: what is the first man on earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Angelic?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mortal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: America.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Latter Day Saints

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: America.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Adam,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the soul

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Angels

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the soul

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Adam, to experience his mortality.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth life

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earth life

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: soul

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: D&C 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: America.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient America.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Latter Day Saints believe that the soul existed before earth life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Adam,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: soul

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Adam, to experience his mortality.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 93:29.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: spirits

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: soul

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 93:29.

text: In January 2016, Gernon et al. proposed a "shallow-ridge hypothesis" involving the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, linking the eruption and rapid alteration of hyaloclastites along shallow ridges to massive increases in alkalinity in an ocean with thick ice cover. Gernon et al. demonstrated that the increase in alkalinity over the course of glaciation is sufficient to explain the thickness of cap carbonates formed in the aftermath of Snowball Earth events.

text: In January 2016, Gernon et al. proposed a "shallow-ridge hypothesis" involving the breakup of the

text: supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: , linking the eruption and rapid alteration of

text: hyaloclastite

text: s along shallow ridges to massive increases in alkalinity in an ocean with thick ice cover. Gernon et al. demonstrated that the increase in alkalinity over the course of glaciation is sufficient to explain the thickness of cap carbonates formed in the aftermath of Snowball Earth events.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's birth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not yet known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ocean with thick ice cover

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: glaciation is sufficient to explain the thickness of cap carbonates formed in the aftermath of Snowball Earth events

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans have ice cover

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: alkalinity

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonates

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thick ice cover.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: massive increases in alkalinity in an ocean with thick ice cover.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In January 2016,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In January 2016,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rapid alteration of hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: In January 2016,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In January 2016,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: In January 2016,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Snowball Earth events.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: hyaloclastites

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cap carbonates

text: The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle. This biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, while respiration, decay, and combustion remove it from the atmosphere. In the present equilibrium, production and consumption occur at the same rate of roughly 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

text: The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the

text: oxygen cycle

text: . This

text: biogeochemical cycle

text: describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the

text: biosphere

text: , and the

text: lithosphere

text: . The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is

text: photosynthesis

text: , which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, while

text: respiration

text: decay

text: , and combustion remove it from the atmosphere. In the present equilibrium, production and consumption occur at the same rate of roughly 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the present equilibrium, production and consumption occur at the same rate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many main reservoirs on Earth are there?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle describe?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many main reservoirs on Earth are there?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle describe?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many main reservoirs on Earth does oxygen move between?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen cycle.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere, and the lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1/2000th

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen cycle.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1/2000th

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biosphere, and the lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: respiration, decay, and combustion

text: The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side; the pronephros, the mesonephros and the metanephros of the kidney, and the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts of the sex organ. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the gonad is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.

text: The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the

text: intermediate mesoderm

text: . The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side; the

text: pronephros

text: , the

text: mesonephros

text: and the

text: metanephros

text: of the

text: kidney

text: , and the

text: Wolffian

text: and

text: Müllerian duct

text: s of the

text: sex organ

text: . The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the

text: gonad

text: is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Urinary and reproductive organs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ducts disappear

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: embryonic,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The pronephros disappears very early;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: the intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The urinary and reproductive organs

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: intermediate mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mesoderm.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The urinary and reproductive organs

text: |-| 26301 Hellawillis ||  || 26301 Hellawillis Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Hella Willis mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Sheboygan North High School, Sheboygan, Wisconsin.|-id=302| 26302 Zimolzak ||  || 26302 Zimolzak Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matt Zimolzak mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the William Fremd High School, Palatine, Illinois.|-id=307| 26307 Friedafein ||  || 26307 Friedafein Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Frieda Rose Fein (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the John Adams High School, South Bend, Indiana.|-id=314| 26314 Škvorecký ||  || Josef Škvorecký, Czech writer † ‡ |-id=319| 26319 Miyauchi ||  || Miyauchi town is situated in the southern part of Nanyo city, Yamagata, Japan. |-id=323| 26323 Wuqijin ||  || 26323 Wuqijin Discovered 1998 Nov. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wu Qijin (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences project. She attends the Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|-id=328| 26328 Litomyšl || 1998 WQ || Litomyšl, Czech Republic † |-id=331| 26331 Kondamuri ||  || 26331 Kondamuri Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Neil Kondamuri (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences project. He attends the Munster High School, Munster, Indiana, U.S.A.|-id=332| 26332 Alyssehrlich ||  || 26332 Alyssehrlich Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alyssa Chelsea Ehrlich (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences project. She attends the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York, U.S.A.|-id=333| 26333 Joachim ||  || 26333 Joachim Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gabriel Thailand Joachim (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences project. He attends the Cibola High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=334| 26334 Melimcdowell ||  || 26334 Melimcdowell Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Melissa Severn McDowell (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences team project. She attends the Saint Joseph's Academy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.|-id=336| 26336 Mikemcdowell ||  || 26336 Mikemcdowell Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Charles McDowell (b. 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences team project. He attends the Catholic High School, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.|-id=337| 26337 Matthewagam ||  || 26337 Matthewagam Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matthew Samuel Agam (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral- and social-sciences project. He attends the Beaverton High School, Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=340| 26340 Evamarková ||  || Eva Marková, Czech astronomer † |-id=345| 26345 Gedankien ||  || 26345 Gedankien Discovered 1998 Dec. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tamara Gedankien (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral- and social-sciences project. She attends the Escola Brasileira Israelita Chaim Nachman Bialik, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|-id=355| 26355 Grueber ||  || Johannes Grueber, 17th-century Austrian Jesuit priest, missionary, mathematician, astronomer at the Chinese imperial court, and author of the first European travelogue of Tibet †|-id=356| 26356 Aventini ||  || Andrea Aventini, Italian amateur astronomer †|-id=357| 26357 Laguerre ||  || Edmond Nicolas Laguerre, 19th-century French mathematician |-id=368| 26368 Alghunaim ||  || 26368 Alghunaim Discovered 1999 Feb. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Abdulaziz Khalid Alghunaim (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral- and social-sciences project. He attends the Asrary School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|-id=376| 26376 Roborosa ||  || Róbert "Robo" Rosa, 20th-century Slovak amateur astronomer and computer graphic designer |-id=386| 26386 Adelinacozma ||  || 26386 Adelinacozma Discovered 1999 Sept. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Adelina Corina Cozma (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral- and social-sciences project. She attends the Bayview Secondary School, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.|-id=389| 26389 Poojarambhia ||  || 26389 Poojarambhia Discovered 1999 Oct. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Pooja Rambhia (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her biochemistry project. She attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=390| 26390 Rušin ||  || Vojtech Rušin, Slovak solar physicist |-id=393| 26393 Scaffa ||  || 26393 Scaffa Discovered 1999 Nov. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alejandro Mariano Scaffa (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. He attends the Escola Americana de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|-id=394| 26394 Kandola ||  || 26394 Kandola Discovered 1999 Nov. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Manjinder Singh Kandola (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. He attends the Queens High School for the Sciences at York College, Jamaica, New York, U.S.A.|-id=395| 26395 Megkurohara ||  || 26395 Megkurohara Discovered 1999 Nov. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Megan M. Kurohara (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her biochemistry team project. She attends the Hilo High School, Hilo, Hawaii, U.S.A.|-id=396| 26396 Chengjingjie ||  || 26396 Chengjingjie Discovered 1999 Nov. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cheng Jingjie (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular- and molecular-biology project. She attends the Raffles Girls' School, Singapore.|-id=397| 26397 Carolynsinow ||  || 26397 Carolynsinow Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Carolyn Sinow (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular- and molecular-biology project. She attends the Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, Rolling Hills Estates, California, U.S.A.|-id=399| 26399 Rileyennis ||  || 26399 Rileyennis Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Riley C. Ennis (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=400| 26400 Roshanpalli ||  || 26400 Roshanpalli Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Roshan Palli (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.|}

text: 26301 Hellawillis

text: ||  || 26301 Hellawillis Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Hella Willis mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Sheboygan North High School, Sheboygan, Wisconsin.|-id=302|

text: 26302 Zimolzak

text: ||  || 26302 Zimolzak Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matt Zimolzak mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the William Fremd High School, Palatine, Illinois.|-id=307|

text: 26307 Friedafein

text: ||  || 26307 Friedafein Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Frieda Rose Fein (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the John Adams High School, South Bend, Indiana.|-id=314|

text: 26314 Škvorecký

text: Josef Škvorecký

text: , Czech writer † ‡ |-id=319|

text: 26319 Miyauchi

text: Miyauchi town

text: is situated in the southern part of

text: Nanyo city

text: , Yamagata, Japan. |-id=323|

text: 26323 Wuqijin

text: ||  || 26323 Wuqijin Discovered 1998 Nov. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wu Qijin (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences project. She attends the Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|-id=328|

text: 26328 Litomyšl

text: || 1998 WQ ||

text: Litomyšl

text: , Czech Republic † |-id=331|

text: 26331 Kondamuri

text: ||  || 26331 Kondamuri Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Neil Kondamuri (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences project. He attends the Munster High School, Munster, Indiana, U.S.A.|-id=332|

text: 26332 Alyssehrlich

text: ||  || 26332 Alyssehrlich Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alyssa Chelsea Ehrlich (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences project. She attends the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York, U.S.A.|-id=333|

text: 26333 Joachim

text: ||  || 26333 Joachim Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gabriel Thailand Joachim (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences project. He attends the Cibola High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=334|

text: 26334 Melimcdowell

text: ||  || 26334 Melimcdowell Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Melissa Severn McDowell (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal-sciences team project. She attends the Saint Joseph's Academy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.|-id=336|

text: 26336 Mikemcdowell

text: ||  || 26336 Mikemcdowell Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Charles McDowell (b. 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal-sciences team project. He attends the Catholic High School, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.|-id=337|

text: 26337 Matthewagam

text: ||  || 26337 Matthewagam Discovered 1998 Nov. 21 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matthew Samuel Agam (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral- and social-sciences project. He attends the Beaverton High School, Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=340|

text: 26340 Evamarková

text: Eva Marková

text: , Czech astronomer † |-id=345|

text: 26345 Gedankien

text: ||  || 26345 Gedankien Discovered 1998 Dec. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tamara Gedankien (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral- and social-sciences project. She attends the Escola Brasileira Israelita Chaim Nachman Bialik, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|-id=355|

text: 26355 Grueber

text: Johannes Grueber

text: , 17th-century Austrian Jesuit priest, missionary, mathematician, astronomer at the Chinese imperial court, and author of the first European travelogue of Tibet †|-id=356|

text: 26356 Aventini

text: Andrea Aventini

text: , Italian amateur astronomer †|-id=357|

text: 26357 Laguerre

text: Edmond Nicolas Laguerre

text: , 19th-century French mathematician |-id=368|

text: 26368 Alghunaim

text: ||  || 26368 Alghunaim Discovered 1999 Feb. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Abdulaziz Khalid Alghunaim (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral- and social-sciences project. He attends the Asrary School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|-id=376|

text: 26376 Roborosa

text: ||  || Róbert "Robo" Rosa, 20th-century Slovak amateur astronomer and computer graphic designer |-id=386|

text: 26386 Adelinacozma

text: ||  || 26386 Adelinacozma Discovered 1999 Sept. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Adelina Corina Cozma (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral- and social-sciences project. She attends the Bayview Secondary School, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.|-id=389|

text: 26389 Poojarambhia

text: ||  || 26389 Poojarambhia Discovered 1999 Oct. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Pooja Rambhia (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her biochemistry project. She attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=390|

text: 26390 Rušin

text: Vojtech Rušin

text: , Slovak solar physicist |-id=393|

text: 26393 Scaffa

text: ||  || 26393 Scaffa Discovered 1999 Nov. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alejandro Mariano Scaffa (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. He attends the Escola Americana de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|-id=394|

text: 26394 Kandola

text: ||  || 26394 Kandola Discovered 1999 Nov. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Manjinder Singh Kandola (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. He attends the Queens High School for the Sciences at York College, Jamaica, New York, U.S.A.|-id=395|

text: 26395 Megkurohara

text: ||  || 26395 Megkurohara Discovered 1999 Nov. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Megan M. Kurohara (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her biochemistry team project. She attends the Hilo High School, Hilo, Hawaii, U.S.A.|-id=396|

text: 26396 Chengjingjie

text: ||  || 26396 Chengjingjie Discovered 1999 Nov. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cheng Jingjie (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular- and molecular-biology project. She attends the Raffles Girls' School, Singapore.|-id=397|

text: 26397 Carolynsinow

text: ||  || 26397 Carolynsinow Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Carolyn Sinow (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular- and molecular-biology project. She attends the Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, Rolling Hills Estates, California, U.S.A.|-id=399|

text: 26399 Rileyennis

text: ||  || 26399 Rileyennis Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Riley C. Ennis (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=400|

text: 26400 Roshanpalli

text: ||  || 26400 Roshanpalli Discovered 1999 Nov. 15 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Roshan Palli (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.|}

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Theropoda.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's first crust was probably made of iron.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago, and the one in question 2 formed about 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: || || 26301 Hellawillis Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Hella Willis mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Sheboygan North High School, Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Asteroid 26301 Hellawillis, which was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro on Sept. 26, 1998.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cells make copies of themselves by a process called cell division, which involves a process called recombination. Cell division is the process by which cells make copies of themselves. Cell division is the process by which cells make copies of themselves. Cells make copies of themselves by a process called cell division, which involves a process called cell division.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hella Willis mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The earliest organisms to photosynthesize, the earliest organisms to grow, the earliest organisms to reproduce, and the earliest organisms to grow are all eukaryotes. But the earliest organisms to photosynthesize aren't eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes. The earliest organisms to photosynthesize are eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eukaryotes first evolved about 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Asteroid-evolved organisms are the most likely to have evolved first, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is based on a study published in the Proceedings of

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: || || Prokaryoes are more common than eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: ||||| Rodinia was the first supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: || || || Early in Earth history, mantle convection was super fast.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: || || The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: |||||| The first continental crust appeared on Earth about 2 billion years ago. ||||| The first continental crust appeared on Earth about 2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ||||| The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today. ||||| The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ||||| Pangaea was the first supercontinent to form on Earth. |||||

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A new study suggests that life may have originated on Earth more than once. The study, published in the journal Science Advances, is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016. The study, published in the journal Science Advances, is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016, which is based on a study published in the journal Science Advances in 2016.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: || || The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide. || || The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: || || || Some of the oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere became ozone.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ||||| The first photosynthetic organisms were most like modern E. coli. |||||

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: || || The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era. || || The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The first organisms to make food by photosynthesis are called protists.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: || || 26328 Litomy l

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: || || 26303 Litomy l || 1998 WQ || Litomy l || 1998 WQ

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA is an organic compound that stores genetic information.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: || || WQ: What is the waste product of photosynthesis? || || WQ: What is the waste product of photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Nanyo

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Nany

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Nany

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Miyauchi town is situated in the southern part of Nanyo

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Nany

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Miyauchi

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Miyauchi

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Nan

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animal-sciences

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nany

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Li

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Litomy<unk>l

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Litomy<unk>l

text: In the ancient Mediterranean, Hebrew, Israelite and Middle Eastern worldview, it was a common belief that shrines, important places such as cities or capitals, or other such places of prominence had a position of centrality to the world and hence equated to the child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother. These domains constituted what could be regarded as important bond that linked the universe. Thus Nippur, the ancient city of the Mesopotamian people, was often described as the "navel". This suggested to the prominence of the location and the way it was seen to function as a place of centrality and as a link between earth and the heavens and the Universe. The Greeks thought that the conical stone Omphalos ("navel") located at Delphi was the center of the earth.

text: In the ancient Mediterranean,

text: Hebrew

text: Israelite

text: and

text: Middle Eastern

text: worldview

text: , it was a common belief that shrines, important places such as cities or capitals, or other such places of prominence had a position of centrality to the world and hence equated to the child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother. These domains constituted what could be regarded as important

text: bond

text: that linked the universe. Thus

text: Nippur

text: , the ancient city of the

text: Mesopotamian people

text: , was often described as the "navel". This suggested to the prominence of the location and the way it was seen to function as a place of centrality and as a link between earth and the heavens and the Universe. The

text: Greeks

text: thought that the conical stone

text: Omphalos

text: ("navel") located at

text: Delphi

text: was the center of the earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: child-bearing, life-giving

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a position of centrality to the world

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nippur, the ancient city of the Mesopotamian people, was often described as the "navel"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were thought to be child-bearing

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mesopotamian people

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many places did the ancient Mediterranean, Hebrew, Israelite and Middle Eastern worldview believe in?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mesopotamian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: stone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mesopotamian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mesopotamian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient Mediterranean, Hebrew, Israelite and Middle Eastern worldview,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life-giving navel of a mother.

text: Information about the early development of life includes input from many different fields, including geology and planetary science. These sciences provide information about the history of the Earth and the changes produced by life. However, a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed by geological processes over the course of time.

text: Information about the early development of life includes input from many different fields, including

text: geology

text: and

text: planetary science

text: . These sciences provide information about the history of the Earth and the changes produced by life. However, a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed by geological processes over the course of time.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: geology and planetary science provide information about the history of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: have been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geological processes occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: destruction of geological processes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth has been destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life includes input from many different fields, including geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth has been destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life includes input from many different fields, including geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a great deal of information about the early Earth has been destroyed

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: geology and planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: geological processes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: destroyed by geological processes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: planetary science.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: changes produced by life.

text: Primitive cells, often referred to as protocells, are the precursors to today's unicellular organisms. Although the origin of life is largely still a mystery, in the currently prevailing theory, known as the RNA world hypothesis, early RNA molecules would have been the basis for catalyzing organic chemical reactions and self-replication. The RNA world hypothesis assumes that RNA molecules could form in abiotic conditions, which would require nucleic acids and ribose to be present. Theoretical and experimental findings show that nucleic acids and sugars could have been synthesized in early prebiotic conditions.

text: Primitive cells, often referred to as protocells, are the precursors to today's unicellular organisms. Although the

text: origin of life

text: is largely still a mystery, in the currently prevailing theory, known as the

text: RNA world hypothesis

text: , early RNA molecules would have been the basis for catalyzing organic chemical reactions and self-replication. The RNA world hypothesis assumes that RNA molecules could form in abiotic conditions, which would require

text: nucleic acid

text: s and

text: ribose

text: to be present. Theoretical and experimental findings show that nucleic acids and sugars could have been synthesized in early prebiotic conditions.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is largely still a mystery

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ribose

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: self-replication

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: nucleic acids and sugars could have been synthesized in early prebiotic conditions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: abiotic conditions are absent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: nucleic acids and sugars could have been synthesized in early prebiotic conditions

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The RNA world hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleic acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sugars

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nucleic acids and sugars

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: largely still a mystery,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nucleic acids and sugars

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: self-replication.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: nucleic acids and sugars could have been synthesized

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Primitive cells,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: abiotic conditions,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Primitive cells,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: today's unicellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: unicellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: synthesized

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: RNA world hypothesis,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unicellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ribose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sugars

text: Observations from the Voyager space probes have shown that the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's, with a surface pressure about 1.45 times that of Earth's. Titan's atmosphere is about 1.19 times as massive as Earth's overall, or about 7.3 times more massive on a per surface area basis. It supports opaque haze layers that block most visible light from the Sun and other sources and renders Titan's surface features obscure. The atmosphere is so thick and the gravity so low that humans could fly through it by flapping "wings" attached to their arms. Titan's lower gravity means that its atmosphere is far more extended than Earth's; even at a distance of 975 km, the Cassini spacecraft had to make adjustments to maintain a stable orbit against atmospheric drag. The atmosphere of Titan is opaque at many wavelengths and a complete reflectance spectrum of the surface is impossible to acquire from the outside. It was not until the arrival of Cassini–Huygens in 2004 that the first direct images of Titan's surface were obtained. The Huygens probe was unable to detect the direction of the Sun during its descent, and although it was able to take images from the surface, the Huygens team likened the process to "taking pictures of an asphalt parking lot at dusk".

text: Observations from the

text: Voyager

text: space probes have shown that the Titanean atmosphere is denser than

text: Earth

text: 's, with a surface pressure about 1.45 times that of Earth's. Titan's atmosphere is about 1.19 times as massive as Earth's overall, or about 7.3 times more massive on a per surface area basis. It supports opaque haze layers that block most visible light from the Sun and other sources and renders Titan's surface features obscure. The atmosphere is so thick and the gravity so low that humans could fly through it by flapping "wings" attached to their arms. Titan's lower gravity means that its atmosphere is far more extended than Earth's; even at a

text: distance

text: of 975 km, the Cassini spacecraft had to make adjustments to maintain a stable orbit against atmospheric drag. The atmosphere of Titan is opaque at many

text: wavelengths

text: and a complete reflectance spectrum of the surface is impossible to acquire from the outside. It was not until the arrival of

text: Cassini–Huygens

text: in 2004 that the first direct images of Titan's surface were obtained. The

text: Huygens

text: probe was unable to detect the direction of the Sun during its descent, and although it was able to take images from the surface, the Huygens team likened the process to "taking pictures of an asphalt parking lot at dusk".

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Titan

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Titan

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not until the arrival of Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's atmosphere is denser than Titan's

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is denser than Titan's

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.45 times Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2.45 times that of Earth's

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not true of Titan?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: haze

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Titanean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Haze

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Titanean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: asphalt

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans could fly through it by flapping "wings"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans could fly through it by flapping "wings"

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: flapping "wings" attached to their arms.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.45 times that of Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1.45 times that of Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: humans could fly through it by flapping "wings"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1.45 times that of Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: haze

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Titanean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: the Titanean atmosphere is denser than Earth's,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: haze layers

text: At the House of Heroes, the assembled super-beings of the Multiverse vow to work together to protect their worlds from future threats to reality. Organized by President Superman of Earth-23, they form a pan-universal superteam called Justice Incarnate. The superheroes offer to reward Nix Uotan for his role in the rescue of multi-trillions of lives. At first, Nix Uotan declines, but then he remembers something and asks for a small favor. The story ends with Nix in his human form, waking from a dream. He now has the $800.00 he owes to his landlord, and he pays in full.

text: At the House of Heroes, the assembled super-beings of the Multiverse vow to work together to protect their worlds from future threats to reality. Organized by President Superman of Earth-23, they form a pan-universal superteam called Justice Incarnate. The superheroes offer to reward Nix Uotan for his role in the rescue of multi-trillions of lives. At first, Nix Uotan declines, but then he remembers something and asks for a small favor. The story ends with Nix in his human form, waking from a dream. He now has the $800.00 he owes to his landlord, and he pays in full.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: How many billions of lives were saved?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nix Uotan is a superhero

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What does Justice Incarnate mean?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-23

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Nix Uotan decline?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many trillions of lives did Nix save?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or Superman?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many planets are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to Nix Uotan?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere become?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: What happened to the prokaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Uotan

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: dream.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nix Uotan declines,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Multiverse

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: super-beings

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Justice Incarnate.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: $800.00

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Justice Incarnate.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-trillions

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Justice Incarnate.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Justice Incarnate.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-23,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Justice Incarnate.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: multi-trillions of lives.

text: The name Digea is a word play in Greek: composed of the words "Digital" and "Gaea" (the Greek name for Gaia, the ancient goddess who was the personification of the Earth), literally translated as "Digital Earth". It symbolizes a union of the digital era and the basis for life in our world.

text: The name Digea is a word play in Greek: composed of the words "Digital" and "Gaea" (the Greek name for

text: Gaia

text: , the ancient goddess who was the personification of the Earth), literally translated as "Digital Earth". It symbolizes a union of the digital era and the basis for life in our world.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Digea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The name Digea is a word play in Greek

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Digea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gaia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: digital

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why not digea?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the goddess who was the personification of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or Gaea?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It symbolizes a union of the digital era

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Gaea

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Digea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Digea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: digital era and the basis for life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It symbolizes a union of the digital era

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "Digital Earth".

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth),

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: digital era

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life in our world.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: "Digital Earth".

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life in our world.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth),

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Digital Earth".

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: "Digital Earth". It symbolizes a union of the digital era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The name Digea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: digital era and the basis for life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Gaea"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "Digital"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Earth),

text: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith in early 19th century Mormon theology. He viewed the organisation as being part of a world government which would guide and direct the Kingdom of God (Zion) on earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

text: The Council of Friends was an organization described by

text: Joseph Smith

text: in early 19th century Mormon theology. He viewed the organisation as being part of a

text: world government

text: which would guide and direct the

text: Kingdom of God

text: Zion

text: ) on earth during the

text: end time

text: s as a

text: theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: has not yet been determined

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Zion

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: He viewed the organisation as being part of a world government

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Zion

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Zion

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Zion) on earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 19th century

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: He viewed the organisation as being part of a world government

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 19th century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Council of Friends was an organization described by Joseph Smith

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Council of Friends

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth during the end times as a theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: theodemocracy.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: theodemocracy.

text: The five classical planets, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on mythology, religious cosmology, and ancient astronomy. In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky in relation to the other stars. Ancient Greeks called these lights πλάνητες ἀστέρες (, "wandering stars") or simply πλανῆται (, "wanderers"), from which today's word "planet" was derived. In ancient Greece, China, Babylon, and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the center of the Universe and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently common-sense perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

text: The five

text: classical planet

text: s, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on

text: mythology

text: religious cosmology

text: , and ancient

text: astronomy

text: . In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky in relation to the other stars. Ancient Greeks called these lights

text: πλάνητες

text: ἀστέρες

text: (, "wandering stars") or simply

text: πλανῆται

text: (, "wanderers"), from which today's word "planet" was derived. In

text: ancient Greece

text: China

text: Babylon

text: , and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the

text: center of the Universe

text: and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently

text: common-sense

text: perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many planets circled Earth?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it was almost universally believed that Earth was the center of the Universe

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is at rest

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a planet: Earth, China, or Babylon?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solid and stable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Babylon,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The five classical planets, being visible to the naked eye,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it was almost universally believed that Earth was the center of the Universe

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth was the center of the Universe

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: planets,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: today's word "planet"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In ancient times,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient times,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: it was almost universally believed that Earth was the center of the Universe

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "planets" circled Earth.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: planets,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The five classical planets,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: planets,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lights

text: Schizosaccharomyces pombe has also become an important organism in studying the cellular responses to DNA damage and the process of DNA replication.

text: Schizosaccharomyces pombe has also become an important organism in studying the cellular responses to

text: DNA damage

text: and the process of

text: DNA replication

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was a process of cell division

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: DNA replication

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA replication

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important organism in studying cellular responses to DNA damage

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Schizosaccharomyces

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: pombe

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular responses

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is Schizosaccharomyces?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: DNA damage

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA replication.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: studying the cellular responses to DNA damage and the process of DNA replication.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: DNA replication.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: DNA replication.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Schizosaccharomyces pombe

text: In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same genome sequence. This explains how evolution actually works at a molecular level, and is central to the science of evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo").

text: In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives

text: cellular differentiation

text: and

text: morphogenesis

text: in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same

text: genome

text: sequence. This explains how

text: evolution

text: actually works at a

text: molecular level

text: , and is central to the science of

text: evolutionary developmental biology

text: ("evo-devo").

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: evo-devo

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene regulation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution works at a molecular level

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How does evolution work at a molecular level?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genome sequence

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: genome sequence.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene regulation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: genome sequence.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genome sequence.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution actually works at a molecular level,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genome sequence.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: In multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: In multicellular organisms,

text: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

text: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The author is a scientist

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The earliest organisms to photosynthesise

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Soil is compacted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes are more common than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia was the first supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of soil?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The answer: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of soil?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of soil?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The first photosynthetic organisms were most like modern E.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no longer any prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The first organisms to make food by photosynthesis are bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: soil

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Soil (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Soil

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Soil

text: Cypriniformes include the most primitive of the Ostariophysi in the narrow sense (i.e. excluding Gonorynchiformes). This is evidenced not only by physiological details, but their great distribution, which indicates they had the longest time to spread. The earliest that Cypriniformes might have diverged from Characiphysi (Characiformes and relatives) is thought to be about the Early Triassic, about 250 million years ago (mya). However, their divergence probably occurred only with the splitting-up of Pangaea in the Jurassic, maybe 160 million years ago. By 110 mya, the plate tectonics evidence indicates that the Laurasian Cypriniformes must have been distinct from their Gondwanan relatives.

text: Cypriniformes include the most primitive of the

text: Ostariophysi

text: in the narrow sense (i.e. excluding

text: Gonorynchiformes

text: ). This is evidenced not only by physiological details, but their great distribution, which indicates they had the longest time to spread. The earliest that Cypriniformes might have diverged from

text: Characiphysi

text: Characiformes

text: and relatives) is thought to be about the

text: Early Triassic

text: , about 250 million years ago (

text: mya

text: ). However, their divergence probably occurred only with the splitting-up of

text: Pangaea

text: in the

text: Jurassic

text: , maybe 160 million years ago. By 110 mya, the

text: plate tectonics

text: evidence indicates that the

text: Laurasia

text: n Cypriniformes must have been distinct from their

text: Gondwana

text: n relatives.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: about 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: their divergence probably occurred only with the splitting-up of Pangaea in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Gonorynchiformes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chromosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Triassic, about 250 million years ago (mya).

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: longest time to spread.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: physiological details,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: their great distribution, which indicates they had the longest time to spread.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Triassic, about 250 million years ago (mya).

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: splitting-up of Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Characiphysi

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 250 million years ago (mya).

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gonorynchiformes).

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea in the Jurassic,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 250 million years ago (mya).

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Gonorynchiformes).

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Triassic,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Ostariophysi

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: splitting-up of Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cypriniformes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: physiological details,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Gonorynchiformes).

text: A cellular automaton is reversible if, for every current configuration of the cellular automaton, there is exactly one past configuration (preimage). If one thinks of a cellular automaton as a function mapping configurations to configurations, reversibility implies that this function is bijective. If a cellular automaton is reversible, its time-reversed behavior can also be described as a cellular automaton; this fact is a consequence of the Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem, a topological characterization of cellular automata. For cellular automata in which not every configuration has a preimage, the configurations without preimages are called Garden of Eden patterns.

text: A cellular automaton is reversible if, for every current configuration of the cellular automaton, there is exactly one past configuration (

text: preimage

text: ). If one thinks of a cellular automaton as a function mapping configurations to configurations, reversibility implies that this function is

text: bijective

text: . If a cellular automaton is reversible, its time-reversed behavior can also be described as a cellular automaton; this fact is a consequence of the

text: Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem

text: , a topological characterization of cellular automata. For cellular automata in which not every configuration has a preimage, the configurations without preimages are called

text: Garden of Eden

text: patterns.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten metal

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: one past configuration

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: For cellular automata in which not every configuration has a preimage, the configurations without preimages are called Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a cellular automaton is reversible

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: preimage

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Garden of Eden patterns

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: one past configuration

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: time-reversed

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A cellular automaton is reversible

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Garden of Eden

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Garden of Eden patterns.

text: Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. A common example of a stem cell is the Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) which are multipotent stem cells that give rise to cells of the blood lineage. In contrast to multipotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and are thought to be able to give rise to all cells of the body. Embryonic stem cells were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998.

text: Stem cell

text: s are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. A common example of a stem cell is the

text: Hematopoietic stem cell

text: (HSC) which are multipotent stem cells that give rise to cells of the blood lineage. In contrast to multipotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and are thought to be able to give rise to all cells of the body. Embryonic stem cells were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Embryonic stem cells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multipotent stem cells

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to cells of the blood lineage

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Stem cells give rise to cells

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the abbreviation for DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did mantle convection start?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: blood lineage

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hematopoietic stem cell

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: give rise to cells of the blood lineage.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: embryonic stem cells are pluripotent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1981, and in humans in 1998.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Embryonic stem cells were isolated in mice in 1981,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1998.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Hematopoietic stem cell

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hematopoietic stem cell

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hematopoietic stem cell

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Stem cells

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: blood lineage.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Stem cells

text: Improved multi-course crop-rotations began slowly to be introduced on mir arable in the late 19th century.  The early experiments were mainly on the non-Black-earth lands, especially the Central-Industrial, West and North-West regions.  Flax was the first `new' crop to be introduced into the rotation.  But within the three-course system flax exhausted the soil's fertility; peasants learned to replenish it by planting clover.  Multi-course systems with sown fodder grasses and clover (travopolye (Травополье), travoseyanie) allowed more cattle and other livestock to be kept, who in turn provided more manure to increase soil fertility.  This `fodder-crop revolution' had earlier been central to the 18th-century agricultural revolution in Western Europe.  By 1924 multi-crop rotations covered 7.2% of the sown area of the Russian Federation.  But these improvements were largely confined to the Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.  Moscow province was at the forefront; there the three-field system was almost eliminated by the end of 1926.  But, up to the mid-1920s, such progress was largely confined to the Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.  The grain-surplus areas had as yet seen little progress.  In 1924 multi-course systems covered just 3% of arable in the Central Black-Earth region, and the situation was even worse elsewhere.  But thereafter rapid progress was made in the grain-surplus areas.  It also continued in the grain-deficit areas.  By 1927 multi-course rotations covered 17.3% of the sown area in the Russian Federation as a whole.  And `[b]y 1928 grass had almost everywhere replaced fallow, the most important exception being the Central Black-Earth region'.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Black-Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Black-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which crop revolution was central to the 18th-century agricultural revolution in Western Europe

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By 1927 multi-course rotations covered 17.3% of the sown area in the Russian Federation

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What was the first crop to be introduced into the rotation

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: What was the first crop to be introduced into the rotation?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Black-earth lands

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Black-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fodder

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What was the first  new' crop to be introduced into the rotation?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Black-earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Black-earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: travopolye

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: manure

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North-Western

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: North-Western

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Moscow province

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: grass had almost everywhere replaced fallow,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Western and North-Western

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: regions. Moscow province

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Flax

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Central Black-Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: up to the mid-1920s,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: grain-surplus areas.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Central-Industrial,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Central-Industrial, Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Western and North-Western regions.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-Black-earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: manure

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: manure

text: Towards the Partido of Tandil is set the Tandilia System, an ancient mountain range and one of the oldest rock formations on Earth. The small hills are about 1640 ft (500 m) high and are all that remain of this once mighty mountain range. The most known hills are: "San Martín de la Tinta", "Lomadas" and "El Sombrerito". The system is built on two billion year old igneous and metamorphic rock that most likely was a part of the supercontinent Rodinia when its coasts were uplifted during the Paleoproterozoic Era. Layers of stratified sediments built up on this base over a period of hundreds of millions of years. Many of these sediments consist of quartz arenite and claystones containing an abundance of fossils and offer insights into life on Earth after the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event of 488 million years ago.

text: Towards the Partido of Tandil is set the Tandilia System, an ancient mountain range and one of the oldest rock formations on Earth. The small hills are about 1640 ft (500 m) high and are all that remain of this once mighty mountain range. The most known hills are: "San Martín de la Tinta", "Lomadas" and "El Sombrerito". The system is built on two billion year old igneous and metamorphic rock that most likely was a part of the supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: when its coasts were uplifted during the Paleoproterozoic Era. Layers of stratified sediments built up on this base over a period of hundreds of millions of years. Many of these sediments consist of quartz arenite and claystones containing an abundance of fossils and offer insights into life on Earth after the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event of 488 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: quartz arenite and claystones

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's coasts were uplifted

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Quartz arenite and claystones containing an abundance of fossils offer insights into life on Earth after the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event of 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 488 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossilized

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many millions of years ago did the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Rodinia first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event occur?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many millions of years ago was the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event of 488 million years ago?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: quartz arenite

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: one of the oldest rock formations on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: its coasts were uplifted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 488 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: after the Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life on Earth after the Cambrian–Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils

text: Directed panspermia concerns the deliberate transport of microorganisms in space, sent to Earth to start life here, or sent from Earth to seed new stellar systems with life.The Nobel prize winner Francis Crick, along with Leslie Orgel proposed that seeds of life may have been purposely spread by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization, but considering an early "RNA world" Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

text: Directed panspermia concerns the deliberate transport of microorganisms in space, sent to Earth to start life here, or sent from Earth to seed new stellar systems with life.The Nobel prize winner

text: Francis Crick

text: , along with

text: Leslie Orgel

text: proposed that seeds of life may have been purposely spread by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization, but considering an early "

text: RNA world

text: " Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: may have originated on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: may have originated on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is surrounded by other planets

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Crick

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "RNA world"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth to start life here, or sent from Earth to seed new stellar systems

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "RNA world"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "RNA world" Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "RNA world" Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early "RNA world"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "RNA world" Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Francis Crick,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early "RNA world"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: life.The Nobel prize winner Francis Crick,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "RNA world" Crick noted later that life may have originated on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Directed panspermia

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "RNA

text: Entr'acte Recording Society, is an independent record label, which is also known as Entr'acte Records. It was founded in Chicago in 1974 by John Steven Lasher (born 1943). He produced many recordings for the label, which was later incorporated into Fifth Continent Music Corporation's roster of labels from 1979 onwards. The American-based company was dissolved in 1984, by which time the copyrights were transferred to Fifth Continent Australia Pty Ltd, the new Australian company, which became operational in early 1984.

text: Entr'acte Recording Society, is an

text: independent record label

text: , which is also known as Entr'acte Records. It was founded in

text: Chicago

text: in 1974 by

text: John Steven Lasher

text: (born 1943). He produced many recordings for the label, which was later incorporated into Fifth Continent Music Corporation's roster of labels from 1979 onwards. The American-based company was dissolved in 1984, by which time the copyrights were transferred to Fifth Continent Australia Pty Ltd, the new Australian company, which became operational in early 1984.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Fifth Continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The American-based company was dissolved in 1984

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Fifth Continent Music Corporation

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: record label

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was founded in Chicago in 1974

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It was founded in Chicago in 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after Entr'acte Recording Society was founded was it dissolved?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: How many years after Entr'acte Recording Society was founded was John Steven Lasher born?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The American-based company was dissolved in 1984

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Fifth Continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1974

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The American-based company was dissolved in 1984,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1984.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 1974

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1943).

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1943).

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Fifth Continent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1974

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Fifth Continent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Fifth Continent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Fifth Continent Australia Pty Ltd,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1984,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 1974 by John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: John Steven Lasher

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Entr'acte Recording Society,

text: The Earth of the early Archean () may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material. This may have prevented cratonisation and continent formation until the mantle cooled and convection slowed down. Others argue that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is too buoyant to subduct and that the lack of Archean rocks is a function of erosion and subsequent tectonic events.

text: The Earth of the early Archean () may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's

text: crust

text: cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material. This may have prevented cratonisation and continent formation until the

text: mantle

text: cooled and convection slowed down. Others argue that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is too buoyant to

text: subduct

text: and that the lack of Archean rocks is a function of

text: erosion

text: and subsequent

text: tectonic

text: events.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a different tectonic style

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Earth of the early Archean may have had a different tectonic style

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Earth of the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cratonisation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: different tectonic style.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: recycling of crustal material.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: rocks and continental plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Earth's crust cooled enough

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Earth of the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: cooled and convection slowed down.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Earth of the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Earth of the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: recycling of crustal material.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: recycling of crustal material.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: crustal material.

text: The entire story actually takes place approximately 5 million years in Earth's past. At that time the Straits of Gibraltar have closed due to a shift in the Tectonic Plates of Europe and Africa. Without replenishment from the Atlantic Ocean the Mediterranean Sea has evaporated. Gandalara exists on the dry and salty floor of what will become the Mediterranean Sea once the floodgates of Gibraltar open up again. Ricardo Carillo had been traveling on the Mediterranean Sea when he had traveled back to the past.

text: The entire story actually takes place approximately 5 million years in Earth's past. At that time the

text: Straits of Gibraltar

text: have closed due to a shift in the

text: Tectonic Plates

text: of Europe and Africa. Without replenishment from the

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: the

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: has evaporated. Gandalara exists on the dry and salty floor of what will become the Mediterranean Sea once the floodgates of

text: Gibraltar

text: open up again. Ricardo Carillo had been traveling on the Mediterranean Sea when he had

text: traveled back

text: to the past.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: what was the fourth supercontinent to form?

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 5 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned in the passage

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tectonic plates of Europe and Africa

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: through cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Straits of Gibraltar have closed due to a shift in the Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gandalara

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Straits of Gibraltar close?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago was the Straits of Gibraltar closed due to a shift in the Tectonic Plates of Europe and Africa?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did the Straits of Gibraltar close?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Why did the Straits of Gibraltar close?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not a type of photosynthetic organism?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe and Africa.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: replenishment from the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Without replenishment from the Atlantic Ocean the Mediterranean Sea has evaporated.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 5 million years in Earth's past.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 5 million years in Earth's past.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 5 million years in Earth's past.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 5 million years in Earth's past.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 5 million years in Earth's past.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mediterranean Sea has evaporated.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gandalara

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 5 million years

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tectonic Plates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: salty

text: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec, Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Jules Dumont d'Urville, Nicolas Baudin, François Péron and Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne were some of the early European explorers to reach the continent.

text: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux

text: Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec

text: Louis Antoine de Bougainville

text: Jules Dumont d'Urville

text: Nicolas Baudin

text: François Péron

text: and

text: Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne

text: were some of the early European explorers to reach the continent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: European explorers

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec was a European explorer

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: explorers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: European explorers to reach the continent.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: early European explorers to reach the continent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: European explorers to reach the continent.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: European explorers to reach the continent.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Bruni d'Entrecasteaux,

text: Early life forms on Earth, starting at least 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms. Such single-celled organisms (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae) multiply by fissioning into daughter cells, thus do not age and are innately immortal.

text: Early life forms on Earth, starting at least 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms. Such single-celled organisms (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae) multiply by fissioning into daughter cells, thus do not age and are innately immortal.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fissioning

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Prokaryotes, protozoans, algae are innately immortal.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: protozoans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protozoans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fission

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protozoans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fissioning

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: do not age and are innately immortal.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.7 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae)

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: (prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.7 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: (prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fissioning into daughter cells,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: single-celled organisms.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (prokaryotes, protozoans, algae)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: daughter cells,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: algae) multiply by fissioning into daughter cells,

text: Nanogeoscience is in a relatively early stage of development. The future directions of nanoscience in the geosciences will include a determination of the identity, distribution, and unusual chemical properties of nanosized particles and/or films in the oceans, on the continents, and in the atmosphere, and how they drive Earth processes in unexpected ways. Further, nanotechnology will be the key to developing the next generation of Earth and environmental sensing systems.

text: Nanogeoscience is in a relatively early stage of development. The future directions of nanoscience in the geosciences will include a determination of the identity, distribution, and unusual chemical properties of nanosized particles and/or films in the oceans, on the continents, and in the atmosphere, and how they drive Earth processes in unexpected ways. Further, nanotechnology will be the key to developing the next generation of Earth and environmental sensing systems.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is in a relatively early stage

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: nanogeoscience is in a relatively early stage of development

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been determined

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the oceans

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth processes unexpected ways

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: how they drive Earth processes in unexpected ways

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: nanotechnology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nanosized particles

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Nanogeoscience is in a relatively early stage of development.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nanosized particles

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nanogeoscience is in a relatively early stage of development.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nanotechnology

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nanosized particles

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Nanogeoscience

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nanotechnology

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nanosized particles

text: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell, one with its own membrane that allows it to keep out disorder. He shows how the evolution of cells was closely tied to the “breath” of the Earth, the cycling of oxygen concentration in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is “for sheer size and perfection of function, it is far and away the grandest product of collaboration in all of nature.” It gives us the oxygen we need, protection from UV light, and protection from the millions of meteorites.

text: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell, one with its own membrane that allows it to keep out disorder. He shows how the evolution of cells was closely tied to the “breath” of the Earth, the cycling of oxygen concentration in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is “for sheer size and perfection of function, it is far and away the grandest product of collaboration in all of nature.” It gives us the oxygen we need, protection from UV light, and protection from the millions of meteorites.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was closely tied to the “breath” of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The evolution of cells was closely tied to the “breath” of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were closely tied to the “breath

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen concentration in the atmosphere decreases

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for cells to evolve?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: What does Thomas compare the Earth to?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How does the Earth compare to a living cell?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a form of iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution of cells

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: UV light

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nonliving

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: membrane

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cells was closely tied to the “breath”

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: its own membrane

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It gives us the oxygen we need,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cells was closely tied to the “breath”

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: the evolution of cells

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the evolution of cells

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Thomas compares the Earth to a living cell,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the evolution of cells

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the evolution of cells was closely tied to the “breath”

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: protection from UV light, and protection from the millions of meteorites.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cells was closely tied to the “breath” of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: cycling of oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living cell,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cycling

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: UV light,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: living cell,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: membrane

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: meteorites.

text: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date" (the geocentric position of the measurement system) on different continents, within a few meters. By the early 1970s reliable values for nearly 100 coefficients of the Earth's gravity field could be calculated.

text: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date" (the geocentric position of the measurement system) on different continents, within a few meters. By the early 1970s reliable values for nearly 100 coefficients of the Earth's gravity field could be calculated.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could be calculated

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 100 coefficients

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravity field

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's gravity

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a few meters. By the early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reliable values for nearly 100 coefficients of the Earth's gravity field

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a few meters.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: reliable values for nearly 100 coefficients of the Earth's gravity field

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravity field

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a few meters. By the early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: By the early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: By the early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: By the early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: continents,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's gravity field

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The global network enabled the calculation of a "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "geodetic date"

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "geodetic date"

text: When two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past each other in the fault of the earth, it is called an earthquake. Energy released in many forms moves in all directions and causes the ground to shake. Sometimes earthquakes may have foreshocks, which are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same region which is followed by a larger earthquake. The larger earthquake, called the mainshock, always has aftershocks that follow it. Aftershocks can continue of hours, weeks, months and sometimes even years depending on how big the mainshock was. Earthquakes usually occur on active faults which define major tectonic plates on the Earth. 90% of the world’s earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. Earthquakes can cause much damage, mainly from the ground shaking and leaving cracks in the ground. Sometimes it can also cause buildings to collapse and cause deaths.

text: When two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past each other in the fault of the earth, it is called an earthquake. Energy released in many forms moves in all directions and causes the ground to shake. Sometimes earthquakes may have foreshocks, which are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same region which is followed by a larger earthquake. The larger earthquake, called the mainshock, always has aftershocks that follow it. Aftershocks can continue of hours, weeks, months and sometimes even years depending on how big the mainshock was. Earthquakes usually occur on active faults which define major tectonic plates on the Earth. 90% of the world’s earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. Earthquakes can cause much damage, mainly from the ground shaking and leaving cracks in the ground. Sometimes it can also cause buildings to collapse and cause deaths.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: __.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earthquakes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 90% of the world’s earthquakes occur along plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Which of the following is not a tectonic plate?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: __

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earthquakes occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of earthquake: foreshocks, mainshocks or earthquakes?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Which of the following is not a type of plate?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not a major tectonic plate?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What is the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of aftershock?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a form of iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not a type of photosynthetic organism?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Which of the following is not a result of an earthquake?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: two blocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earthquakes usually occur on active faults

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: foreshocks,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: earthquake.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Energy

text: Microsomes can be concentrated and separated from other cellular debris by differential centrifugation.  Unbroken cells, nuclei, and mitochondria sediment out at 10,000 g, whereas soluble enzymes and fragmented ER, which contains cytochrome P450 (CYP), remain in solution (g is the Earth's gravitational acceleration).  At 100,000 g, achieved by faster centrifuge rotation, ER sediments out of solution as a pellet but the soluble enzymes remain in the supernatant.  In this way, cytochrome P450 in microsomes is concentrated and isolated. Microsomes have a reddish-brown color, due to the presence of the heme. Because of the need for a multi-part protein-system, microsomes are necessary to analyze the metabolic activity of CYPs. These CYPs are highly abundant in livers of rats, mice and humans, but present in all other organs and organisms as well.

text: Microsomes can be concentrated and separated from other cellular debris by

text: differential centrifugation

text: .  Unbroken cells,

text: nuclei

text: , and

text: mitochondria

text: sediment out at 10,000 g, whereas soluble enzymes and fragmented ER, which contains

text: cytochrome P450

text: (CYP), remain in solution (g is the Earth's gravitational acceleration).  At 100,000 g, achieved by faster centrifuge rotation, ER sediments out of solution as a pellet but the soluble enzymes remain in the

text: supernatant

text: .  In this way, cytochrome P450 in microsomes is concentrated and isolated. Microsomes have a reddish-brown color, due to the presence of the

text: heme

text: . Because of the need for a multi-part protein-system, microsomes are necessary to analyze the metabolic activity of CYPs. These CYPs are highly abundant in livers of rats, mice and humans, but present in all other organs and organisms as well.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100,000 g

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unbroken cells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: unbroken cells

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nuclei

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: These CYPs are highly abundant in livers of rats, mice and humans

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unbroken cells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravitational acceleration

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 10,000 g

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: At 100,000 g

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: CYPs

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: heme

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: heme

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heme

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's gravitational acceleration).

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Unbroken

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: microsomes are necessary to analyze the metabolic activity of CYPs.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: CYPs are highly abundant in livers of rats, mice and humans,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravitational acceleration).

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Microsomes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Microsomes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: CYPs.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 10,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 100,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: microsomes are necessary to analyze the metabolic activity of CYPs.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: CYPs

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 10,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 10,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 10,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Microsomes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: heme.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: CYPs.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 100,000 g,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: rats, mice and humans,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: differential centrifugation.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: heme.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Unbroken cells,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: heme.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cytochrome P450

text: The cool early Earth (CEE) theory posits that early during its evolutionary history, planet Earth had a calm influx of bolides and a cool climate allowing fluid water, after the planetary accretion but before the occurrence of the Late Heavy Bombardment in the Hadean geological eon. The cool early Earth is believed to have been the state for some hundreds of million years around 4.2 billion years (Ga) ago. This Cool Early Earth theory is supported by supposed water conditions at the creation of  detrital zircon at Jack Hills in Western Australia, dated to about 4.0–4.4 Ga ago, some time after the planetary accretion era of the early Hadean. The Cool Early Earth was immediately followed by the Late Heavy Bombardment.

text: The cool early Earth (CEE) theory posits that early during its evolutionary history, planet

text: Earth

text: had a calm influx of

text: bolide

text: s and a cool climate allowing fluid water, after the

text: planetary accretion

text: but before the occurrence of the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: in the

text: Hadean

text: geological eon. The cool early Earth is believed to have been the state for some hundreds of million years around 4.2

text: billion years

text: (Ga) ago. This Cool Early Earth theory is supported by supposed water conditions at the creation of  detrital

text: zircon

text: at

text: Jack Hills

text: in

text: Western Australia

text: , dated to about 4.0–4.4 Ga ago, some time after the planetary accretion era of the early Hadean. The Cool Early Earth was immediately followed by the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: detrital zircon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: A calm influx of bolides

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The cool early Earth was immediately followed by the Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary accretion

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Cool Early Earth exist?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: planetary accretion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cool climate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: detrital zircon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: zircon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.2 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: calm influx of bolides and a cool climate allowing fluid water,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: planetary accretion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Cool Early Earth was immediately followed by the Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary accretion

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.2 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bolides

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.2 billion years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The cool early Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: planetary accretion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: detrital zircon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: zircon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water,

text: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth, many of the other astronomical objects in the Solar System have atmospheres. These include all the gas giants, as well as Mars, Venus, and Pluto. Several moons and other bodies also have atmospheres, as do comets and the Sun. There is evidence that extrasolar planets can have an atmosphere. Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric processes such as the greenhouse effect, aerosol and cloud physics, and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics.

text: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth, many of the other

text: astronomical object

text: s in the

text: Solar System

text: have

text: atmosphere

text: s. These include all the

text: gas giants

text: , as well as

text: Mars

text: Venus

text: , and

text: Pluto

text: . Several

text: moons

text: and other bodies also have atmospheres, as do

text: comet

text: s and the

text: Sun

text: . There is evidence that

text: extrasolar planet

text: s can have an atmosphere. Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric processes such as the

text: greenhouse effect

text: aerosol

text: and cloud physics, and

text: atmospheric chemistry

text: and dynamics.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gas giants

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There is evidence that extrasolar planets can have an atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a gas giant: Mars, Venus, or Pluto?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a planet: Mars, Venus, or Pluto?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: aerosol

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gas giants,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There is evidence that extrasolar planets can have an atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: gas giants,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth, many of the other astronomical objects in the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: There is evidence

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mars, Venus, and Pluto.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: gas giants,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse effect,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemistry

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: aerosol

text: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii) show other interesting elements of ancient life. The Sarno projects suggests that on the Tyrrhenian shore there were little towns with palafittes, similar to ancient Venice. In the same area, the submerged town of Puteoli (Pozzuoli, close to Naples) contains the "portus Julius" created by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 37 BC, later sunk due to bradyseism.

text: Recent studies in the

text: Sarno

text: river (near

text: Pompeii

text: ) show other interesting elements of ancient life. The Sarno projects suggests that on the Tyrrhenian shore there were little towns with

text: palafitte

text: s, similar to ancient

text: Venice

text: . In the same area, the submerged town of Puteoli (

text: Pozzuoli

text: , close to

text: Naples

text: ) contains the "portus Julius" created by

text: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

text: in 37 BC, later sunk due to

text: bradyseism

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: little towns with palafittes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Sarno river (near Pompeii) shows other interesting elements of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 37 BC

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ancient life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How would you describe Pompeii?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years after Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa created the portus Julius?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or palafittes?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Pompeii?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bradyseism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Tyrrhenian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 37 BC,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: little towns with palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bradyseism.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: little towns with palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bradyseism.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 37 BC,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Tyrrhenian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii)

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: little towns with palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river (near Pompeii)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Recent studies in the Sarno river

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: little towns with palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bradyseism.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: little towns with palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: bradyseism.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bradyseism.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: palafittes,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: palafittes,

text: When two tectonic plates collide, relatively denser oceanic crust will be subducted under relatively lighter continental crust. Because of the subduction process, the relatively cooler oceanic crust, along with water, is subducted to the asthenosphere, where pressures and temperatures are much higher than the surface of earth. Under such conditions, the downgoing plate releases volatiles such as HO and CO, which cause partial melting of the above asthenosphere. This process can create relatively buoyant magma, which subsequently forms a series of volcanoes at the surface along the subduction zone. There are some researchers who argue that refertilization of arc lithospheric mantle may also be an important process associated with arc magmatism. Because the subduction zone (which is also the plate boundary) is generally an arc-shape, geologists named those volcanoes volcanic arcs. A volcanic arc built on continental crust is called a continental arc; when built on oceanic crust the volcanoes form an island arc.

text: When two

text: tectonic plate

text: s collide, relatively denser

text: oceanic crust

text: will be subducted under relatively lighter

text: continental crust

text: . Because of the subduction process, the relatively cooler oceanic crust, along with water, is subducted to the

text: asthenosphere

text: , where pressures and temperatures are much higher than the surface of earth. Under such conditions, the downgoing plate releases

text: volatiles

text: such as HO and CO, which cause

text: partial melting

text: of the above asthenosphere. This process can create relatively buoyant

text: magma

text: , which subsequently forms a series of

text: volcano

text: es at the surface along the

text: subduction zone

text: . There are some researchers who argue that refertilization of arc lithospheric mantle may also be an important process associated with arc magmatism. Because the subduction zone (which is also the plate boundary) is generally an arc-shape, geologists named those volcanoes

text: volcanic arc

text: s. A volcanic arc built on continental crust is called a continental arc; when built on oceanic crust the volcanoes form an

text: island arc

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: HO and CO

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This process can create relatively buoyant magma, which subsequently forms a series of volcanoes at the surface

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: HO and CO

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: two tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continental crust

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the evolution of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: under such conditions, the downgoing plate releases volatiles

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: HO and CO

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: HO and CO

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: water, is subducted to the asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: refertilization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: relatively denser oceanic crust will be subducted

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: arc magmatism.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: two tectonic plates collide,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: When

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: When

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: arc magmatism.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: continental crust.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: lighter continental crust.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: HO and CO,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: HO and CO,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: HO

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: When two tectonic plates collide,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: arc magmatism.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: When two tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: HO and CO,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: HO and CO,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: HO and CO,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: HO and CO,

text: According to the Standard Solar Model, stars similar to the Sun should gradually brighten over their main sequence lifetime due to contraction of the stellar core caused by fusion. However, with the predicted solar luminosity  ago and with greenhouse gas concentrations the same as are current for the modern Earth, any liquid water exposed to the surface would freeze. However, the geological record shows a continually relatively warm surface in the full early temperature record of Earth, with the exception of a cold phase, the Huronian glaciation, about 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago. Water-related sediments have been found dating to as early as 3.8 billion years ago. Hints of early life forms have been dated from as early as 3.5 billion years, and the basic carbon isotopy is very much in line with what is found today. A regular alternation between ice ages and warm periods is only found occurring in the period since one billion years ago.

text: According to the

text: Standard Solar Model

text: , stars similar to the Sun should gradually brighten over their

text: main sequence

text: lifetime due to contraction of the stellar core caused by fusion. However, with the predicted

text: solar luminosity

text: ago and with

text: greenhouse gas

text: concentrations the same as are current for the modern Earth, any liquid water exposed to the surface would freeze. However, the geological record shows a continually relatively warm surface in the full early

text: temperature record

text: of Earth, with the exception of a cold phase, the

text: Huronian glaciation

text: , about 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago. Water-related sediments have been found dating to as early as 3.8 billion years ago. Hints of early life forms have been dated from as early as 3.5 billion years, and the basic carbon isotopy is very much in line with what is found today. A regular alternation between ice ages and warm periods is only found occurring in the period since one billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water-related sediments

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a continually relatively warm surface

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the geological record shows a continually relatively warm surface in the full early temperature record of Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's temperature increases

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life forms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hints of early life forms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: main sequence

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: main sequence

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Huronian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Water-related sediments

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: warm surface

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fusion.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the geological record shows a continually relatively warm surface

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fusion.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life forms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: According to the Standard Solar Model,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: fusion.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Standard Solar Model,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: fusion.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.8

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Standard Solar Model,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.8 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: basic carbon isotopy

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.5 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

text: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents. The supercontinent Columbia or Nuna formed during a period of 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents).

text: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents. The supercontinent

text: Columbia

text: or Nuna formed during a period of 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called

text: Pangaea

text: ; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1.5–1.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents did Rodinia contain?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1.3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago did Rodinia break up?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many continents did Rodinia contain?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

text: During the Permian, all the Earth's major landmasses were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ("Panthalassa", the "universal sea"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys ocean to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmass interiors experience climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("continental climate") and monsoon conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns. Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea. Such dry conditions favored gymnosperms, plants with seeds enclosed in a protective cover, over plants such as ferns that disperse spores in a wetter environment. The first modern trees (conifers, ginkgos and cycads) appeared in the Permian.

text: During the Permian, all the

text: Earth

text: 's major landmasses were collected into a single supercontinent known as

text: Pangaea

text: . Pangaea straddled the

text: equator

text: and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ("

text: Panthalassa

text: ", the "universal sea"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The

text: Cimmeria

text: continent

text: rift

text: ed away from

text: Gondwana

text: and drifted north to

text: Laurasia

text: , causing the

text: Paleo-Tethys

text: ocean to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the

text: Tethys Ocean

text: , an ocean that would dominate much of the

text: Mesozoic

text: Era. Large continental landmass interiors experience climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("

text: continental climate

text: ") and

text: monsoon

text: conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns.

text: Desert

text: s seem to have been widespread on Pangaea. Such dry conditions favored

text: gymnosperm

text: s, plants with seeds enclosed in a protective cover, over plants such as

text: fern

text: s that disperse

text: spore

text: s in a wetter environment. The first modern trees (

text: conifers

text: ginkgo

text: s and

text: cycad

text: s) appeared in the Permian.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cimmeria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Permian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's major landmasses

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: gymnosperms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's oceans shrink

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: gymnosperms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Paleo-Tethys ocean shrink?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents are mentioned in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which happened first, the Permian or the Tethys Ocean?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What happened first, the Paleo-Tethys ocean to shrink or the Tethys Ocean?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: gymnosperms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cimmeria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Deserts

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Permian.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: gymnosperms,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: gymnosperms,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Permian.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: During the Permian,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Permian.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Permian.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The first modern trees

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: gymnosperms,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: gymnosperms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: gymnosperms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: seeds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: spores

text: The program was established in early 1873 during the school's first academic year and played in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966, the Ohio Valley Conference from 1981 through 1987, and the Mid-Continent Conference for the 1990, 1991, and 1992 seasons. The Zips began competition in the MAC in 1993 and were placed in the East Division when it was created in 2000. The team had one appearance in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, which came in 1996 following their only MAC Tournament Championship. Additionally, the Zips won the 1954 OAC championship and the 1991 Mid-Continent Conference title.

text: The program was established in early 1873 during the school's first academic year and played in the

text: Ohio Athletic Conference

text: (OAC) from 1954–1966, the

text: Ohio Valley Conference

text: from 1981 through 1987, and the

text: Mid-Continent Conference

text: for the 1990, 1991, and 1992 seasons. The Zips began competition in the MAC in 1993 and were placed in the East Division when it was created in 2000. The team had one appearance in the

text: NCAA Division I Baseball Championship

text: , which came in

entity_name: 1996 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament

text: following their only

entity_name: 1996 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament

text: MAC Tournament Championship

text: . Additionally, the Zips won the 1954 OAC championship and the 1991 Mid-Continent Conference title.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: limestone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: in early 1873

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years did the program play in the Ohio Athletic Conference?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The program was established in early 1873 during the school's first academic year

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the Ohio Valley Conference

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Mid-Continent Conference

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2000

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Baseball

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was established in early 1873 during the school's first academic year

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many seasons did the program play in the Ohio Athletic Conference?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mid-Continent

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: played in the Ohio Athletic Conference

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Baseball

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: 1873

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Baseball

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) from 1954–1966,

text: The transition to modern cells (the "Darwinian Threshold") occurred when organisms evolved translation mechanisms with modern levels of fidelity; improved performance allowed cellular organization to reach a level of complexity and connectedness that made genes from other organisms much less able to displace an individual's own genes. Horizontal gene transfer during this era was responsible for the fast early evolution of complex biological structures.

text: The transition to modern cells (the "Darwinian Threshold") occurred when organisms evolved translation mechanisms with modern levels of fidelity; improved performance allowed cellular organization to reach a level of complexity and connectedness that made genes from other organisms much less able to displace an individual's own genes. Horizontal gene transfer during this era was responsible for the fast

text: early evolution

text: of complex biological structures.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Darwinian Threshold

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was responsible for the fast early evolution of complex biological structures

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: modern levels of fidelity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: translation mechanisms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Horizontal gene transfer during this era was responsible for the fast early evolution of complex biological structures.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Horizontal gene transfer during this era

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Horizontal gene transfer occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Darwinian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: "Darwinian Threshold")

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: "Darwinian Threshold")

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: modern cells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: complex biological structures.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: modern cells

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: modern cells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organisms evolved translation mechanisms with modern levels of fidelity;

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: "Darwinian Threshold")

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: translation mechanisms with modern levels of fidelity;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: modern cells

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The transition to modern cells

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: translation mechanisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: individual's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Horizontal gene transfer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Darwinian Threshold")

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: modern cells

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genes.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: complex biological structures.

text: The Okavango Dyke Swarm is a giant dyke swarm of the Karoo Large Igneous Province in Northeast Botswana, southern Africa. It consists of a group of Proterozoic and Jurassic dykes, trending east-southeast across Botswana, spanning a region nearly 2000 km long and 110 km wide. The Jurassic dykes were formed approximately 179 million years ago, composed of mainly mafic tholeiites. The formation is related to the magmatism at the Karoo triple junction, induced by the plate tectonic break up of the Gondwana supercontinent in the early Jurassic.

text: The Okavango Dyke Swarm is a giant

text: dyke swarm

text: of the

text: Karoo

text: Large Igneous Province

text: in Northeast

text: Botswana

text: southern Africa

text: . It consists of a group of

text: Proterozoic

text: and

text: Jurassic

text: dykes

text: , trending east-southeast across Botswana, spanning a region nearly 2000 km long and 110 km wide. The Jurassic dykes were formed approximately 179 million years ago, composed of mainly

text: mafic

text: tholeiite

text: s. The formation is related to the

text: magmatism

text: at the Karoo triple junction, induced by the plate tectonic break up of the

text: Gondwana

text: supercontinent in the early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: tholeiites

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 179 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The formation is related to the magmatism at the Karoo triple junction

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago were the Jurassic dykes formed?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years ago did the Jurassic dykes form?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Jurassic dykes form?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Gondwana supercontinent break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many years ago did the Jurassic dykes form?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened in the early Jurassic?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years ago was the Jurassic dykes formed?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tholeiites

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mafic tholeiites.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Okavango Dyke Swarm

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Jurassic dykes were formed approximately 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic break up

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Proterozoic and Jurassic dykes,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Okavango Dyke Swarm

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Okavango Dyke Swarm

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 179 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Proterozoic and Jurassic dykes,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mafic tholeiites.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mafic tholeiites.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mafic tholeiites.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mafic tholeiites.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mafic tholeiites.

text: Daniel Drawbaugh received  for an Earth battery for electric clocks (with several improvements in the art of Earth batteries). Another early patent was obtained by Emil Jahr  Method of utilizing electrical Earth currents). In 1875, James C. Bryan received  for his Earth Battery. In 1885, George Dieckmann, received US patent  for his Electric Earth battery. In 1898, Nathan Stubblefield received  for his electrolytic coil battery, which was a combination of an earth battery and a solenoid. (For more information see US patents , , , , , ,  and .) The Earth battery, in general, generated power for early telegraph transmissions and formed part of a tuned circuit that amplified the signalling voltage over long distances.

text: Daniel Drawbaugh

text: received  for an Earth battery for electric clocks (with several improvements in the art of Earth batteries). Another early patent was obtained by

text: Emil Jahr

text: Method of utilizing electrical Earth currents). In 1875,

text: James C. Bryan

text: received  for his Earth Battery. In 1885,

text: George Dieckmann

text: , received US patent  for his Electric Earth battery. In 1898,

text: Nathan Stubblefield

text: received  for his electrolytic coil battery, which was a combination of an earth battery and a solenoid. (For more information see US patents , , , , , ,  and .) The Earth battery, in general, generated power for early telegraph transmissions and formed part of a

text: tuned circuit

text: that amplified the signalling voltage over long distances.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1875

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Daniel Drawbaugh received for an Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1875

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Drawbaugh receive for an Earth battery?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after Daniel Drawbaugh received for an Earth battery for electric clocks did James C. Bryan receive for his Earth Battery?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after Daniel Drawbaugh received for an Earth battery did Nathan Stubblefield receive for his electrolytic coil battery?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Daniel Drawbaugh received for an Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: electrolytic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: electrolytic

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth currents). In 1875,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tuned circuit that amplified the signalling voltage over long distances.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Method of utilizing electrical Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: generated power for early telegraph transmissions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1875,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth Battery.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth currents). In 1875,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Electric Earth battery.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth Battery.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth Battery.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth Battery.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth Battery.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Electric Earth battery.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth battery for electric clocks

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Method of utilizing electrical Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: utilizing electrical Earth currents).

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth battery

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Earth currents).

text: In the area of the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, Catling is known for a theory explaining how the Earth’s crust accumulated large quantities of oxidized minerals and how the atmosphere became rich in oxygen.  Geological records show that oxygen flooded the atmosphere in a Great Oxidation Event (GOE) about 2.4 billion years ago, even though bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier. Catling’s theory proposes that biological oxygen was initially used by reactions with chemicals in the environment; gradually, however, Earth’s environment shifted to a tipping point where oxygen flooded the air. Atmospheric methane is the key part of this theory. Before oxygen was abundant, methane gas could reach concentrations hundreds of times greater than today’s 1.8 parts per million. Ultraviolet light decomposes methane molecules in the upper atmosphere, causing hydrogen gas to escape into space. Over time, the irreversible atmospheric escape of hydrogen– a powerful reducing agent -caused Earth to oxidize and reach the GOE tipping point.

text: In the area of the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, Catling is known for a theory explaining how the Earth’s crust accumulated large quantities of oxidized minerals and how the atmosphere became rich in oxygen.  Geological records show that oxygen flooded the atmosphere in a

text: Great Oxidation Event

text: (GOE) about 2.4 billion years ago, even though bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier. Catling’s theory proposes that biological oxygen was initially used by reactions with chemicals in the environment; gradually, however, Earth’s environment shifted to a tipping point where oxygen flooded the air.

text: Atmospheric methane

text: is the key part of this theory. Before oxygen was abundant, methane gas could reach concentrations hundreds of times greater than today’s 1.8 parts per million. Ultraviolet light decomposes methane molecules in the upper atmosphere, causing hydrogen gas to escape into space. Over time, the irreversible

text: atmospheric escape

text: of hydrogen– a powerful reducing agent -caused Earth to oxidize and reach the GOE tipping point.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxidized minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: methane gas could reach concentrations hundreds of times greater than today’s 1.8 parts per million

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s atmosphere becomes rich in oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has oxygen flooded the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Oxidation Event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Great Oxidation Event

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxidized minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: reactions with chemicals

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Geological records show that oxygen flooded the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s crust accumulated large quantities of oxidized minerals

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: a Great Oxidation Event

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: hundreds of times greater than today’s 1.8 parts per million.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2.4 billion years ago, even though bacteria that produced oxygen

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: hundreds of times greater than today’s 1.8 parts per million.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 2.4 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen flooded the atmosphere in a Great Oxidation Event

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2.4 billion years ago, even though bacteria that produced oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria that produced oxygen likely evolved hundreds of millions of years earlier.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Oxidation Event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane

text: Unlike the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, Europa's is not of biological origin. The surface-bounded atmosphere forms through radiolysis, the dissociation of molecules through radiation. Solar ultraviolet radiation and charged particles (ions and electrons) from the Jovian magnetospheric environment collide with Europa's icy surface, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen constituents. These chemical components are then adsorbed and "sputtered" into the atmosphere. The same radiation also creates collisional ejections of these products from the surface, and the balance of these two processes forms an atmosphere. Molecular oxygen is the densest component of the atmosphere because it has a long lifetime; after returning to the surface, it does not stick (freeze) like a water or hydrogen peroxide molecule but rather desorbs from the surface and starts another ballistic arc. Molecular hydrogen never reaches the surface, as it is light enough to escape Europa's surface gravity.

text: Unlike the oxygen in

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , Europa's is not of biological origin. The surface-bounded atmosphere forms through

text: radiolysis

text: , the

text: dissociation

text: of molecules through radiation. Solar ultraviolet radiation and charged particles (ions and electrons) from the Jovian magnetospheric environment collide with Europa's icy surface, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen constituents. These chemical components are then

text: adsorbed

text: and "

text: sputtered

text: " into the atmosphere. The same radiation also creates collisional ejections of these products from the surface, and the balance of these two processes forms an atmosphere. Molecular oxygen is the densest component of the atmosphere because it has a long lifetime; after returning to the surface, it does not stick (freeze) like a water or

text: hydrogen peroxide

text: molecule but rather desorbs from the surface and starts another

text: ballistic

text: arc. Molecular hydrogen never reaches the surface, as it is light enough to escape Europa's surface gravity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jovian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jovian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not of biological origin

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The surface-bounded atmosphere forms through radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not of biological origin

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not of biological origin

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: solar ultraviolet radiation and charged particles (ions and electrons) collide with Europa's icy surface

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not of biological origin: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: not of biological origin

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biological origin

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Europa's

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jovian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jovian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: radiolysis, the dissociation of molecules through radiation.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: radiolysis,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Jovian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jovian magnetospheric

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Europa's is not of biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radiolysis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Europa's

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biological origin.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen and hydrogen constituents.

text: This contributed to a rapid increase in knowledge about the history of life on Earth and to progress in the definition of the geologic time scale, largely based on fossil evidence. In 1822 Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blanville, editor of Journal de Physique, coined the word "palaeontology" to refer to the study of ancient living organisms through fossils. As knowledge of life's history continued to improve, it became increasingly obvious that there had been some kind of successive order to the development of life. This encouraged early evolutionary theories on the transmutation of species.After Charles Darwin published Origin of Species in 1859, much of the focus of paleontology shifted to understanding evolutionary paths, including human evolution, and evolutionary theory.

text: This contributed to a rapid increase in knowledge about the history of life on Earth and to progress in the definition of the

text: geologic time scale

text: , largely based on fossil evidence. In 1822 Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blanville, editor of Journal de Physique, coined the word "palaeontology" to refer to the study of ancient living organisms through fossils. As knowledge of life's history continued to improve, it became increasingly obvious that there had been some kind of successive order to the development of life. This encouraged early evolutionary theories on the

text: transmutation of species

text: .After

text: Charles Darwin

text: published

text: Origin of Species

text: in 1859, much of the focus of paleontology shifted to understanding

text: evolution

text: ary paths, including

text: human evolution

text: , and evolutionary theory.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: fossil evidence

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: some kind of successive order to the development of life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Charles Darwin published Origin of Species in 1859

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: palaeontology

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic time scale

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1859

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many years after Charles Darwin published Origin of Species?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years after Charles Darwin published Origin of Species?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did Darwin publish Origin of Species?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What did Charles Darwin publish in 1859?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Charles Darwin published Origin of Species?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossil evidence.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: fossils.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: some kind of successive order to the development of life.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This encouraged early evolutionary theories on the transmutation of species.After

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fossils.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: fossils.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic time scale, largely based on fossil evidence.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1859,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life. This encouraged early evolutionary theories on the transmutation of species.After

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "palaeontology"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: progress in the definition of the geologic time scale,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1859,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "palaeontology"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: fossil evidence.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: successive order

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1822

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "palaeontology"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "palaeontology"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Origin of Species in 1859,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient living organisms through fossils.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: transmutation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: fossil evidence.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ancient living organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils.

text: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

text: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sand

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: caves

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The book Caves was written in 2007.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are found in caves

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The earliest organisms to photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: caves are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cave dwellers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crust?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very small

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Caves may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science) (2007)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no longer any prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science) (2007)

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science) (2007)

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Caves (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Caves

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Caves

text: There have been three main phases in the observation and exploration of Saturn. The first era was ancient observations (such as with the naked eye), before the invention of the modern telescopes. Starting in the 17th century progressively more advanced telescopic observations from Earth have been made. The other type is visitation by spacecraft, either by orbiting or flyby. In the 21st century observations continue from the Earth (or Earth-orbiting observatories) and from the Cassini orbiter at Saturn.

text: There have been three main phases in the observation and exploration of Saturn. The first era was ancient observations (such as with the

text: naked eye

text: ), before the invention of the modern telescopes. Starting in the 17th century progressively more advanced telescopic observations from Earth have been made. The other type is visitation by spacecraft, either by orbiting or flyby. In the 21st century observations continue from the Earth (or Earth-orbiting observatories) and from the Cassini orbiter at Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Saturn

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: naked eye

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Cassini orbiter at Saturn

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth orbits Saturn

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: naked eye

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first phase in the observation and exploration of Saturn

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many main phases in the observation and exploration of Saturn?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 17th century

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: naked eye),

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations from Earth have been made.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: invention of the modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 17th century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: naked eye),

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cassini orbiter at Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 17th century progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: There have been three main phases in the observation and exploration of Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations from Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 17th century progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: progressively more advanced telescopic observations

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient observations (such as with the naked eye),

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the invention of the modern telescopes.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Saturn.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: naked eye),

text: Ancient astronauts (or ancient aliens) is a pseudoscientific concept based on the belief that intelligent extraterrestrial beings visited Earth and made contact with humans in antiquity and prehistoric times. Proponents suggest that this contact influenced the development of modern cultures, technologies, and religions. A common claim is that deities from most, if not all, religions are actually extraterrestrial in origin, and that advanced technologies brought to Earth by ancient astronauts were interpreted as evidence of divine status by early humans.

text: Ancient astronauts (or ancient aliens) is a

text: pseudoscientific

text: concept based on the belief that intelligent

text: extraterrestrial beings

text: visited Earth and made contact with humans in

text: antiquity

text: and

text: prehistoric

text: times. Proponents suggest that this contact influenced the development of modern cultures, technologies, and religions. A common claim is that

text: deities

text: from most, if not all, religions are actually extraterrestrial in origin, and that advanced technologies brought to Earth by ancient astronauts were interpreted as evidence of divine status by early humans.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prehistoric times

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: aliens

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: advanced technologies brought to Earth by ancient astronauts were interpreted as evidence of divine status by early humans

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the best way to describe the speed of mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the belief that intelligent extraterrestrial beings visited Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: extraterrestrial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prehistoric times.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: this contact influenced the development of modern cultures, technologies, and religions.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prehistoric times.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: prehistoric times.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: extraterrestrial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: prehistoric times.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ancient astronauts

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ancient astronauts

text: [[Image:Hawkwoman1.JPG|left|thumb|150px|Shayera Hol on the cover to Hawkman v2 #6. Art by Richard Howell.]]Together, they captured the Rainbow Robbers in their stronghold found behind a waterfall; while on the case, Shayera saved Katar's life and the two fell deeply in love.  A few weeks later, Katar proposed to Shayera in front of the same waterfall. She accepted and they were married. Ten years later, the couple was sent to Earth in pursuit of the criminal Byth Rok. Upon reaching Earth, they were befriended by Midway City police commissioner George Emmett, who established cover identities for them as Carter and Shiera Hall. After capturing Byth and bringing him back to their planet, Katar and Shayera chose to return to study Earth's crimefighting methods, and they fought against evil as the superheroes Hawkman and Hawkgirl. Shayera renamed herself Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

text: [[Image:Hawkwoman1.JPG|left|thumb|150px|Shayera Hol on the cover to Hawkman v2 #6. Art by

text: Richard Howell

text: .]]Together, they captured the Rainbow Robbers in their stronghold found behind a waterfall; while on the case, Shayera saved Katar's life and the two fell deeply in love.  A few weeks later, Katar proposed to Shayera in front of the same waterfall. She accepted and they were married. Ten years later, the couple was sent to Earth in pursuit of the criminal

text: Byth

text: Rok. Upon reaching Earth, they were befriended by

text: Midway City

text: police commissioner George Emmett, who established cover identities for them as Carter and Shiera Hall. After capturing Byth and bringing him back to their planet, Katar and Shayera chose to return to study Earth's crimefighting methods, and they fought against evil as the superheroes Hawkman and Hawkgirl. Shayera renamed herself Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Midway City police commissioner George Emmett

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hawkman and Hawkgirl?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Shayera renamed herself Hawkwoman

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are called

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and other planets collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: [[Answer: C].

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the name of the superheroes Hawkman and Hawkgirl?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: [[Wikipedia]]

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the superheroes Hawkman and Hawkgirl?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after Katar proposed to Shayera did they get married?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents on Earth are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: [[Wikipedia].

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the couple travel to Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: [[Oxygen]]

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: [[Imagesynthetic organisms]]

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: What happened to the prokaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: [[Answer:A]]

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: [[Dinosaur]]

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the process that added oxygen to Earths early atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: [[Answer:A]]

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Midway City police commissioner George Emmett,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Midway

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Midway

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the two fell deeply in love.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Midway

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth in pursuit of the criminal Byth Rok. Upon reaching Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Shayera renamed herself Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Midway

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Midway

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hawkwoman in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth in pursuit of the criminal Byth Rok. Upon reaching Earth,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: waterfall;

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Midway City police commissioner George Emmett,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Rainbow

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth in pursuit of the criminal Byth Rok. Upon reaching Earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Hawkwoman

text: Multi-level selection theory suggests that selection operates on more than one level: for example, it may operate at an atomic and molecular level in cells, at the level of cells in the body, and then again at the whole organism level, and the community level, and the species level. Any level which is not competitive with others of the same level will be eliminated, even if the level below is highly competitive. A classic example is that of genes which prevent cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, and at the cellular level, they are very successful, because they are (in the short term) reproducing very well and out competing other cells in the body. However, at the whole organism level, cancer is often fatal, and so may prevent reproduction. Therefore, changes to the genome which prevent cancer (for example, by causing damaged cells to act co-operatively by destroying themselves) are favoured. Multi-level selection theory contends that similar effects can occur, for example, to cause individuals to co-operate to avoid behaviours which favour themselves short-term, but destroy the community (and their descendants) long term.

text: Multi-level selection theory suggests that selection operates on more than one level: for example, it may operate at an atomic and molecular level in cells, at the level of cells in the body, and then again at the whole organism level, and the community level, and the species level. Any level which is not competitive with others of the same level will be eliminated, even if the level below is highly competitive. A classic example is that of genes which prevent

text: cancer

text: . Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, and at the cellular level, they are very successful, because they are (in the short term) reproducing very well and out competing other cells in the body. However, at the whole organism level, cancer is often fatal, and so may prevent reproduction. Therefore, changes to the genome which prevent cancer (for example, by causing damaged cells to act co-operatively by destroying themselves) are favoured. Multi-level selection theory contends that similar effects can occur, for example, to cause individuals to co-operate to avoid behaviours which favour themselves short-term, but destroy the community (and their descendants) long term.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: at the cellular level

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: divide

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Any level which is not competitive with others of the same level will be eliminated

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: at the cellular level

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cells divide uncontrollably

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: non-existent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many levels does Multi-level selection theory suggest?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: any level which is not competitive

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: community level

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: atomic and molecular level

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: atomic and molecular level in cells,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: genes which prevent cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: selection operates on more than one level:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: atomic and molecular level in cells,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: atomic and molecular level

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: genes which prevent cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Multi-level selection theory suggests that selection operates on more than one level:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Multi-level selection theory suggests that selection operates on more than one level:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: atomic and molecular level

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: genes which prevent cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cancer cells

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Any level which is not competitive with others of the same level

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Multi-level selection theory

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cancer cells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: body,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cancer.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cancer. Cancer cells

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cancer. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably,

text: The Bichons were divided into four categories: the Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise, the Bichon Havanese and the Bichon Tenerife (this breed). All originated in the Mediterranean area.Because of their merry disposition, they traveled much and were often used as barter by sailors as they moved from continent to continent. The dogs found early success in Spain and it is generally believed that Spanish seamen introduced the breed to the Canary Island of Tenerife. In the 14th century, Italian sailors rediscovered the little dogs on their voyages and are credited with returning them to the continent, where they became great favorites of Italian nobility. Often, as was the style of the day with dogs in the courts, they were cut "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

text: The Bichons were divided into four categories: the Bichon

text: Maltese

text: , the

text: Bichon Bolognaise

text: , the

text: Bichon Havanese

text: and the Bichon Tenerife (this breed). All originated in the Mediterranean area.Because of their merry disposition, they traveled much and were often used as

text: barter

text: by sailors as they moved from continent to continent. The dogs found early success in

text: Spain

text: and it is generally believed that Spanish seamen introduced the breed to the

text: Canary Island

text: of

text: Tenerife

text: . In the 14th century,

text: Italian

text: sailors rediscovered the little dogs on their voyages and are credited with returning them to the continent, where they became great favorites of Italian nobility. Often, as was the style of the day with dogs in the courts, they were cut "lion style," like a modern-day

text: Portuguese Water Dog

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Bichons

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They were cut "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Bichons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many categories did the Bichons have?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many categories of Bichons were there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Spanish seamen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 14th century,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 14th century,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: dogs on their voyages

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "lion style,"

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: area.Because of their merry disposition, they traveled much

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continent to continent.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 14th century,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mediterranean area.Because

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: continent to continent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 14th century,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continent to continent.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Italian sailors rediscovered the little dogs on their voyages

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Bichon Tenerife

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 14th century,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Bichon Maltese, the Bichon Bolognaise,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dogs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: dogs on their voyages

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tenerife.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "lion style," like a modern-day Portuguese Water Dog.

text: Many of the ancient peoples of the American continents built semi-permanent houses of poles and brush plastered with mud over a shallow pit in the earth. As these pithouses were very similar to those first built in northeastern Europe 25,000 years ago, pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas by early nomadic settlers, traveling first through Siberia, and then across the ice bridge between Asia and North America about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

text: Many of the ancient peoples of the American continents built semi-permanent houses of poles and brush plastered with mud over a shallow pit in the earth. As these pithouses were very similar to those first built in northeastern Europe 25,000 years ago, pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas by early nomadic settlers, traveling first through Siberia, and then across the ice bridge between Asia and North America about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Asia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 25,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: pithouses

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas by early nomadic settlers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 25,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 25,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: poles

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pithouses

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Asia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: poles and brush plastered with mud

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 25,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: shallow pit

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 25,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 25,000 years ago, pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 12,000 to 14,000

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: American continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: pithouse technology may have been carried to the Americas

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 12,000 to 14,000

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 25,000 years ago,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Many of the ancient peoples of the American continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice bridge

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nomadic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mud

text: For millennia, humans have speculated how the physical and living elements on the surface of the Earth combine, with gods and goddesses frequently posited to embody specific elements. The notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion. Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology, initially in the Middle East and China, and largely focused on aspects such as the age of the Earth and the large-scale processes involved in mountain and ocean formation. As geology developed as a science, understanding of the interplay of different facets of the Earth system increased, leading to the inclusion of factors such as the Earth's interior, planetary geology and living systems.

text: For millennia, humans have speculated how the physical and living elements on the surface of the Earth combine, with gods and goddesses frequently posited to embody specific elements. The notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion. Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of

text: geology

text: , initially in the Middle East and China, and largely focused on aspects such as the

text: age of the Earth

text: and the large-scale processes involved in

text: mountain

text: and

text: ocean

text: formation. As

text: geology developed as a science

text: , understanding of the interplay of different facets of the Earth system increased, leading to the inclusion of factors such as the

text: Earth's interior

text: planetary geology

text: and

text: living systems

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's interior

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's interior

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: planetary geology and living systems

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Living systems

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: planetary geology

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: large-scale processes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's interior

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: planetary geology

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: China,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: geology, initially in the Middle East and China,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: age of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: living systems.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: living systems.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: processes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: understanding of the interplay of different facets of the Earth system increased,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: living systems.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: large-scale processes involved in mountain and ocean formation.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle East and China,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living systems.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: gods and goddesses

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: geology,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: For millennia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: humans have speculated how the physical and living elements

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: alive

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mountain and ocean formation.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's interior,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: gods and goddesses

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: living systems.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mountain and ocean formation.

text: Ben-Jacob's bacteria are two pattern forming social bacteria strains, the Paenibacillus dendritiformis and the Paenibacillus vortex discovered in the early 1990s by Eshel Ben-Jacob. These bacteria are widely known for their ability to generate large colonies (with the number of bacteria exceeding many folds the number of people on earth) with highly complex organization.

text: Ben-Jacob's bacteria are two pattern forming social bacteria strains, the

text: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

text: and the

text: Paenibacillus vortex

text: discovered in the early 1990s by

text: Eshel Ben-Jacob

text: . These bacteria are widely known for their ability to generate large colonies (with the number of bacteria exceeding many folds the number of people on earth) with highly complex organization.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: These bacteria are widely known for their ability to generate large colonies

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bacteria grow

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paenibacillus

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or vortex?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Paenibacillus vortex

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacteria exceeding many folds the number of people

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: colonies

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: highly complex organization.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paenibacillus vortex discovered in the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: colonies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacteria exceeding many folds the number of people on earth)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Eshel Ben-Jacob.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ben-Jacob's

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1990s

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ben-Jacob's bacteria

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ben-Jacob's

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: people on earth)

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ben-Jacob's

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ben-Jacob's bacteria

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paenibacillus dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: bacteria are widely known for their ability to generate large colonies

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: bacteria

text: Early mesoporous organosilicas developed had organic groups attached terminally to the silica surface. They were prepared either by grafting of organic group onto the channel walls or by template-directed co-condensation. For example, by modifying the channels of PMSs with alkanethiol groups that could sequester heavy metals. However, there were some major limitations like, inhomogeneity of the pores compared to PMSs, and limited organic content (around 25% with respect to the silicon wall sites).

text: Early mesoporous organosilicas developed had organic groups attached terminally to the silica surface. They were prepared either by grafting of organic group onto the channel walls or by template-directed co-condensation. For example, by modifying the channels of PMSs with

text: alkanethiol

text: groups that could sequester

text: heavy metals

text: . However, there were some major limitations like, inhomogeneity of the pores compared to PMSs, and limited organic content (around 25% with respect to the

text: silicon

text: wall sites).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: silica

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: template-directed

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: organic groups attached terminally to the silica surface

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organic groups attach to silica

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: co-condensation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: PMSs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: PMSs

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: alkanethiol

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: PMSs with alkanethiol groups

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: silica

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 25%

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: organic groups attached terminally to the silica surface.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: template-directed co-condensation.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: limited organic content (around 25% with respect to the silicon wall sites).

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: co-condensation.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: inhomogeneity of the pores compared to PMSs,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: inhomogeneity of the pores compared to PMSs,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mesoporous organosilicas

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: template-directed co-condensation.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: PMSs with alkanethiol groups

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: PMSs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: alkanethiol groups

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heavy metals.

text: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

text: A partial

text: solar eclipse

text: will occur on February 27, 2036. A

text: solar eclipse

text: occurs when the

text: Moon

text: passes between

text: Earth

text: and the

text: Sun

text: , thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed without the Sun

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Solar eclipses?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2036-February-27

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did mantle convection start?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: When did iron oxide form?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: When did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Moon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2036.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A partial solar eclipse will occur on February 27, 2036.

text: After all these considerations, Plate Tectonics (or, as it was initially called "New Global Tectonics") became quickly accepted in the scientific world, and numerous papers followed that defined the concepts:

text: After all these considerations, Plate Tectonics (or, as it was initially called "New Global Tectonics") became quickly accepted in the scientific world, and numerous papers followed that defined the concepts:

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Plate Tectonics is a type of theory

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are the oldest organisms on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nucleic acids in living things include what?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earths early atmosphere contained some of the following elements:

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: evolution toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: became quickly accepted in the scientific world,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Plate Tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Plate Tectonics

text: The Tetrahedral hypothesis is an obsolete scientific theory attempting to explain the arrangement of the Earth's continents and oceans by referring to the geometry of a tetrahedron. Although it was a historically interesting theory in the late 19th and early 20th century, it was superseded by the concepts of continental drift and modern plate tectonics.

text: The Tetrahedral hypothesis is an

text: obsolete scientific theory

text: attempting to explain the arrangement of the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: continent

text: s and

text: ocean

text: s by referring to the geometry of a

text: tetrahedron

text: . Although it was a historically interesting theory in the late 19th and early 20th century, it was superseded by the concepts of

text: continental drift

text: and modern

text: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tetrahedron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It was superseded by the concepts of continental drift and modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents and oceans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the Tetrahedral hypothesis an obsolete scientific theory?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tetrahedral

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents and oceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it was superseded

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental drift and modern plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents and oceans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Tetrahedral

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The Tetrahedral hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tetrahedron.

text: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Tamil nationalists came to identify Kumari Kandam with Lemuria, a "lost continent" posited in the 19th century to account for discontinuities in biogeography.  In these accounts, Kumari Kandam became the "cradle of civilization",  the origin of human languages in general and the Tamil language in particular. These ideas gained notability in Tamil academic literature over the first decades of the 20th century, and were popularized by the Tanittamil Iyakkam, notably by self-taught Dravidologist Devaneya Pavanar, who held that all languages on earth were merely corrupted Tamil dialects.

text: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

text: Tamil nationalists

text: came to identify Kumari Kandam with

text: Lemuria

text: , a "lost continent" posited in the 19th century to account for discontinuities in

text: biogeography

text: .  In these accounts, Kumari Kandam became the "

text: cradle of civilization

text: ",  the origin of human languages in general and the

text: Tamil language

text: in particular. These ideas gained notability in Tamil academic literature over the first decades of the 20th century, and were popularized by the

text: Tanittamil Iyakkam

text: , notably by

text: self-taught

text: Dravidologist

text: Devaneya Pavanar

text: , who held that all languages on earth were merely corrupted Tamil dialects.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Lemuria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tamil dialects

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tamil language

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Tamil nationalists came to identify Kumari Kandam with Lemuria

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: discontinuities in biogeography

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biogeography

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: discontinuities in biogeography.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biogeography.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the origin of human languages in general and the Tamil language in particular.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Kumari Kandam

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: discontinuities in biogeography.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: human languages

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: human languages

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: discontinuities in biogeography.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biogeography.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Lemuria,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: human languages

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: human languages

text: The process by which cratons are formed from early rock is called cratonization. The first large cratonic landmasses formed during the Archean eon. During the early Archean, Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today because of the greater concentration of radioactive isotopes and the residual heat from the Earth's accretion. There was considerably greater tectonic and volcanic activity; the mantle was less viscous and the crust thinner. This resulted in rapid formation of oceanic crust at ridges and hot spots, and rapid recycling of oceanic crust at subduction zones. There are at least three hypotheses of how cratons have been formed:  1) surface crust was thickened by a rising plume of deep molten material, 2) successive subducting plates of oceanic lithosphere became lodged beneath a proto-craton in an under-plating process, 3) accretion from island arcs or continental fragments rafting together to thicken into a craton.

text: The process by which cratons are formed from early rock is called cratonization. The first large cratonic landmasses formed during the

text: Archean

text: eon. During the early Archean, Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today because of the greater concentration of radioactive isotopes and the residual heat from the Earth's

text: accretion

text: . There was considerably greater

text: tectonic

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity; the

text: mantle

text: was less viscous and the crust thinner. This resulted in rapid formation of

text: oceanic crust

text: at ridges and

text: hot spots

text: , and rapid

text: recycling of oceanic crust

text: at

text: subduction

text: zones. There are at least three hypotheses of how cratons have been formed:  1) surface crust was thickened by a rising plume of deep molten material, 2) successive subducting plates of oceanic lithosphere became lodged beneath a proto-craton in an under-plating process, 3) accretion from island arcs or continental fragments rafting together to thicken into a craton.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic and volcanic activity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: surface crust was thickened by a rising plume of deep molten material

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cratons are formed from early rock

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: proto-craton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why was mantle convection super fast?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many hypotheses of how cratons have been formed are there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: accretion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: isotopes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: isotope

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: radioactive

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: deep molten material,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic and volcanic activity;

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: under-plating process,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: successive subducting plates

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: accretion.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the mantle was less viscous

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: under-plating process,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: cratonic landmasses formed during the Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: three hypotheses

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: under-plating process,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean eon.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cratonization.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: radioactive isotopes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has fluctuated over the last 600 million years, reaching a peak of about 30% around 280 million years ago, significantly higher than today's 21%. Two main processes govern changes in the atmosphere: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen. Breakdown of pyrite and volcanic eruptions release sulfur into the atmosphere, which oxidizes and hence reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. However, volcanic eruptions also release carbon dioxide, which plants can convert to oxygen. The exact cause of the variation of the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is not known. Periods with much oxygen in the atmosphere are associated with rapid development of animals. Today's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen, which is high enough for this rapid development of animals.

text: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has fluctuated over the last 600 million years, reaching a peak of about 30% around 280 million years ago, significantly higher than today's 21%. Two main processes govern changes in the atmosphere: Plants

text: use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

text: , releasing oxygen. Breakdown of

text: pyrite

text: and

text: volcanic eruption

text: s release

text: sulfur

text: into the atmosphere, which oxidizes and hence reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. However, volcanic eruptions also release carbon dioxide, which plants can convert to oxygen. The exact cause of the variation of the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is not known. Periods with much oxygen in the atmosphere are associated with rapid development of animals. Today's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen, which is high enough for this rapid development of animals.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sulfur

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 280 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 280 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 280 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 280 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 280 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Plants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere fluctuated?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Plants use carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: pyrite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 280 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 280 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Periods with much oxygen in the atmosphere are associated with rapid development of animals.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 280 million years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 280 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 600 million years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 280 million years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 600 million years,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Plants use carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: animals.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: It is because the mantle can convect that the tectonic plates are able to move around the Earth's surface.

text: It is because the mantle can convect that the

text: tectonic plates

text: are able to move around the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed without the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The tectonic plates are able to move around the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be found in the mantle

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not the same as the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: mantle can convect that the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: tectonic plates are able to move around the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: mantle can convect that the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: mantle can convect that the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: tectonic plates are able to move around the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It is because the mantle can convect

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: It is because the mantle

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: convect

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tectonic plates

text: The Kaapvaal Craton (centred on Limpopo Province in South Africa), along with the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, are the only remaining areas of pristine 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago) crust on Earth. Similarities of rock records from both these cratons, especially of the overlying late Archean sequences, suggest that they were once part of the Vaalbara supercontinent (Zegers et al., 1998).

text: The Kaapvaal Craton (centred on

text: Limpopo Province

text: in South Africa), along with the

text: Pilbara Craton

text: of Western Australia, are the only remaining areas of pristine 3.6–2.5

text: Ga

text: (billion years ago) crust on Earth. Similarities of rock records from both these

text: craton

text: s, especially of the overlying late

text: Archean

text: sequences, suggest that they were once part of the

text: Vaalbara

text: supercontinent

text: (Zegers et al., 1998).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean sequences

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Kaapvaal Craton and Pilbara Craton are the only remaining areas of pristine 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago) crust on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean sequences

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean sequences

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust breaks apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How fast was mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago did the Archean sequences begin?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Vaalbara supercontinent existed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many billion years ago was the Pilbara Craton?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: pristine

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: pristine 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago) crust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: suggest that they were once part of the Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: (billion years ago) crust on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga (billion years ago)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pilbara Craton of Western Australia,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.6–2.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: suggest that they were once part of the Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Vaalbara supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 3.6–2.5

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Archean sequences,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Kaapvaal Craton

text: The Lotus, or Padma, is, moreover, a very ancient and favourite simile for the Kosmos itself, and also for man.  The popular reasons given are, firstly, the fact just mentioned, that the Lotus-seed contains within itself a perfect miniature of the future plant, which typefies the fact that the spiritual prototypes of all things exist in the immaterial world before those things become materialised on Earth.  Secondly, the fact that the Lotus plant grows up through the water, having its root in the Ilus, or mud, and spreading its flower in the air above.  The Lotus thus typifies the life of man and also that of the Kosmos; for the Secret Doctrine teaches that the elements of both are the same, and that both are developing in the same direction.  The root of the Lotus sunk in the mud represents material life, the stalk passing up through the water typifies existence in the astral world, and the flower floating on the water and opening to the sky is emblematical of spiritual being.

text: The Lotus, or Padma, is, moreover, a very ancient and favourite simile for the Kosmos itself, and also for man.  The popular reasons given are, firstly, the fact just mentioned, that the Lotus-seed contains within itself a perfect miniature of the future plant, which typefies the fact that the spiritual prototypes of all things exist in the immaterial world before those things become materialised on Earth.  Secondly, the fact that the Lotus plant grows up through the water, having its root in the Ilus, or mud, and spreading its flower in the air above.  The Lotus thus typifies the life of man and also that of the Kosmos; for the Secret Doctrine teaches that the elements of both are the same, and that both are developing in the same direction.  The root of the Lotus sunk in the mud represents material life, the stalk passing up through the water typifies existence in the astral world, and the flower floating on the water and opening to the sky is emblematical of spiritual being.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mud

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: spiritual prototypes of all things exist in the immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Lotus-seed

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in the immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Lotus thus typifies the life of man and also that of the Kosmos

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: spiritual prototypes of all things exist in the immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth merges with the Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the spiritual prototypes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: immaterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: seed

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ilus

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mud,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Lotus-seed

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: typifies the life of man and also that of the Kosmos;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: materialised on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Lotus,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Lotus,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Lotus, or Padma,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Lotus, or Padma,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Lotus-seed contains within itself a perfect miniature of the future plant,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Lotus, or Padma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Lotus, or Padma,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Kosmos

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the spiritual prototypes of all things exist in the immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Lotus, or Padma,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Lotus,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Lotus-seed contains within itself a perfect miniature of the future plant,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: materialised on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Lotus,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Lotus-seed

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: materialised

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Lotus,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: immaterial world

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Lotus-seed

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Lotus-seed

text: The site is one of unparalleled importance in the early colonial history of North America and South Carolina, exemplifying the early competition for control of the region.  Finds at the site also include the only known early Spanish pottery kiln on the continent.  Since the area was never developed agriculturally, even surface-level remains continue to be found.

text: The site is one of unparalleled importance in the early colonial history of North America and South Carolina, exemplifying the early competition for control of the region.  Finds at the site also include the only known early Spanish pottery kiln on the continent.  Since the area was never developed agriculturally, even surface-level remains continue to be found.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: surface-level remains

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The area was never developed agriculturally

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: surface-level remains

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pottery

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or pottery?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are possible

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: pottery

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Spanish pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Spanish pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Spanish pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: early competition for control of the region.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Since the area was never developed agriculturally,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early competition for control of the region.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: North America and South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Spanish pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early competition for control of the region.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: North America and South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: North America and South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: surface-level remains continue to be found.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: found.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: surface-level remains continue to be found.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Spanish pottery kiln on the continent.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Spanish pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: South Carolina,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: pottery kiln

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: surface-level remains

text: Due to the movement of Earth's tectonic plates, the line of 0° longitude along the surface of the Earth has slowly moved toward the west from this shifted position by a few centimetres; that is, towards the Airy Transit Circle (or the Airy Transit Circle has moved toward the east, depending on your point of view) since 1984 (or the 1960s). With the introduction of satellite technology, it became possible to create a more accurate and detailed global map.  With these advances there also arose the necessity to define a reference meridian that, whilst being derived from the Airy Transit Circle, would also take into account the effects of plate movement and variations in the way that the Earth was spinning.As a result, the International Reference Meridian was established and is commonly used to denote Earth's prime meridian (0° longitude) by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, which defines and maintains the link between longitude and time.  Based on observations to satellites and celestial compact radio sources (quasars) from various coordinated stations around the globe, Airy's transit circle drifts northeast about 2.5 centimetres per year relative to this Earth-centred 0° longitude.Circa 1999 the international reference meridian (IRM) passed 5.31 arcseconds east of Airy's meridian or 102.5 metres (336.3 feet) at the latitude of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, London. It is also the reference meridian of the Global Positioning System operated by the United States Department of Defense, and of WGS84 and its two formal versions, the ideal International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). A current convention on the Earth uses the opposite of the IRM as the basis for the International Date Line.

text: Due to the movement of Earth's

text: tectonic plates

text: , the line of 0° longitude along the surface of the Earth has slowly moved toward the west from this shifted position by a few centimetres; that is, towards the Airy Transit Circle (or the Airy Transit Circle has moved toward the east, depending on your point of view) since 1984 (or the 1960s). With the introduction of satellite technology, it became possible to create a more accurate and detailed global map.  With these advances there also arose the necessity to define a reference meridian that, whilst being derived from the Airy Transit Circle, would also take into account the effects of plate movement and variations in the way that the Earth was spinning.As a result, the

text: International Reference Meridian

text: was established and is commonly used to

text: denote

text: Earth's prime meridian (0° longitude) by the

entity_name: International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

text: International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

text: , which defines and maintains the link between longitude and time.  Based on observations to satellites and celestial compact radio sources (quasars) from various coordinated stations around the globe, Airy's

text: transit circle

text: drifts northeast about 2.5 centimetres per year relative to this Earth-centred 0° longitude.Circa 1999 the international reference meridian (IRM) passed 5.31

text: arcsecond

text: s east of Airy's meridian or 102.5 metres (336.3 feet) at the

text: latitude

text: of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, London. It is also the reference meridian of the

text: Global Positioning System

text: operated by the

text: United States Department of Defense

text: , and of

text: and its two formal versions, the ideal

entity_name: International Terrestrial Reference System

text: International Terrestrial Reference System

text: (ITRS) and its realization, the

text: International Terrestrial Reference Frame

text: (ITRF). A current convention on the Earth uses the opposite of the IRM as the basis for the

text: International Date Line

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: With the introduction of satellite technology, it became possible to create a more accurate and detailed global map

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: quasars

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: quasars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0° longitude

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: quasars

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: quasars

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: quasars

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-centred 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Airy's transit circle drifts northeast about 2.5 centimetres

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: International Date Line.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: sars)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sars)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: (quasars)

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 0° longitude.Circa

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: arcseconds

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the international reference meridian

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sars)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: International Terrestrial Reference Frame

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 2.5 centimetres

text: A "snowball earth" is the complete opposite of greenhouse earth, in which the earth's surface is completely frozen over; however, a snowball earth technically does not have continental ice sheets like during the icehouse state. "The Great Infra-Cambrian Ice Age" has been claimed to be the host of such a world, and in 1964, the scientist W. Brian Harland brought forth his discovery of indications of glaciers in low latitudes (Harland and Rudwick). This became a problem for Harland because of the thought of the "Runaway Snowball Paradox" (a kind of Snowball effect) that, once the earth enters the route of becoming a snowball earth, it would never be able to leave that state. However, in 1992 Joe Kirschvink brought up a solution to the paradox. It is believed that since the continents at this time were huddled at the low and mid-latitudes that there was a great cooling event by planetary albedo, or reflection of the earth’s surface. Kirschvink explained that the way to get out of the snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide, since volcanic activity would not halt, and that the buildup and lack of "scrubbing" of this carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, that the earth would return to a greenhouse state. Some scientists believe that the end of the snowball Earth caused an event known as the Cambrian Explosion, which produced the beginnings of multi-cellular life. However some biologists claim that a complete snowball Earth could not have happened since photosynthetic life would not have survived underneath many meters of ice without sunlight. However, it has been observed that, even under meters of thick ice around Antarctica, sunlight shows through. Most scientists today believe that a "hard" Snowball Earth, one completely covered by ice, is probably impossible. However, a "slushball earth", with points of openings near the equator, is also possible.

text: A "

text: snowball earth

text: " is the complete opposite of greenhouse earth, in which the earth's surface is completely frozen over; however, a snowball earth technically does not have continental ice sheets like during the icehouse state. "The Great Infra-

text: Cambrian

text: Ice Age" has been claimed to be the host of such a world, and in 1964, the scientist

text: W. Brian Harland

text: brought forth his discovery of indications of glaciers in

text: low latitudes

text: (Harland and Rudwick). This became a problem for Harland because of the thought of the "Runaway Snowball Paradox" (a kind of

text: Snowball effect

text: ) that, once the earth enters the route of becoming a snowball earth, it would never be able to leave that state. However, in 1992

text: Joe Kirschvink

text: brought up a solution to the paradox. It is believed that since the continents at this time were huddled at the low and mid-latitudes that there was a great cooling event by planetary

text: albedo

text: , or reflection of the earth’s surface. Kirschvink explained that the way to get out of the snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide, since volcanic activity would not halt, and that the buildup and lack of "

text: scrubbing

text: " of this carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, that the earth would return to a greenhouse state. Some scientists believe that the end of the snowball Earth caused an event known as the

text: Cambrian Explosion

text: , which produced the beginnings of

text: multi-cellular

text: life. However some biologists claim that a complete snowball Earth could not have happened since

text: photosynthetic

text: life would not have survived underneath many meters of ice without

text: sunlight

text: . However, it has been observed that, even under meters of thick ice around Antarctica, sunlight shows through. Most scientists today believe that a "hard" Snowball Earth, one completely covered by ice, is probably impossible. However, a "slushball earth", with points of openings near the

text: equator

text: , is also possible.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Great Infra-Cambrian Ice Age

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a snowball earth technically does not have continental ice sheets like during the icehouse state

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the Cambrian Explosion

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would not have survived underneath many meters of ice without sunlight

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's surface is completely frozen over

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the Cambrian Explosion last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian Explosion

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Cambrian Explosion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: snowball

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a snowball earth technically does not have continental ice sheets

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular life.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular life.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: snowball

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: ice sheets

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: snowball

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: snowball

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: snowball could be connected to carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-cellular life.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular life.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian Explosion,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: snowball

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: photosynthetic life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism to a single process – plate tectonics – rather than to two independent processes (plumes and plate tectonics), but does not address issues of core–mantle heat and/or material transfer.

text: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism to a single process – plate tectonics – rather than to two independent processes (plumes and plate tectonics), but does not address issues of core–mantle heat and/or material transfer.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Volcanism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: does not address issues of core–mantle heat and/or material transfer

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Plate hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plumes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two independent processes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: plate tectonics – rather than to two independent processes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: (plumes and plate tectonics),

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: (plumes and plate tectonics),

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Plate hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Plate hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Plate hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Plate hypothesis thus attributes all of Earth's volcanism

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: (plumes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (plumes

text: When first described, R. cratoensis was known from a single fossil adult which is a compression-impression fossil preserved in layers of soft sedimentary rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the R. cratoensis specimen was collected from layers of the Upper Aptian Crato Formation. The formation is composed of unweathered grey and oxidized yellow limestones, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds and reptiles as a notable lagerstätten. The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes, though the nature as a fresh or salt-water body is uncertain. The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep. The basin formed near the center of the supercontinent Gondwana during the early part of the diversification of flowering plants.

text: When first described, R. cratoensis was known from a single fossil adult which is a

text: compression-impression fossil

text: preserved in layers of soft

text: sedimentary

text: rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the R. cratoensis specimen was collected from layers of the

text: Upper Aptian

text: Crato Formation

text: . The formation is composed of unweathered grey and oxidized yellow limestones, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds and reptiles as a notable

text: lagerstätten

text: . The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes, though the nature as a fresh or salt-water body is uncertain. The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep. The basin formed near the center of the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: during the early part of the diversification of

text: flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: How many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Gondwana during the early part of the diversification of flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The basin formed near the center of the supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxidized

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: adult

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidized

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: yellow limestones

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: soft sedimentary rock.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: compression-impression

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: diversification of flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: R. cratoensis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early part of the diversification of flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: adult

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidized

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxidized yellow limestones,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxidized yellow limestones,

text: In the case of a closed volume, it is easy to compute the amount of water needed. The oxygen (O) in air (21%) is necessary for combustion. Whatever the amount of fuel available (wood, paper, cloth), combustion will stop when the air becomes "thin", i.e., when it contains less than 15% oxygen. If additional air cannot enter, it is possible to calculate the amount of water required to make the atmosphere inert, i.e., to prevent the pyrolysis gases from burning (this is the "volume computation"), and the amount of water required to cool the smoke and the immediate (this is the "thermal computation").

text: In the case of a closed volume, it is easy to compute the amount of water needed. The

text: oxygen

text: (O) in air (21%) is necessary for

text: combustion

text: . Whatever the amount of fuel available (wood, paper, cloth), combustion will stop when the air becomes "thin", i.e., when it contains less than 15% oxygen. If additional

text: air

text: cannot enter, it is possible to calculate the amount of water required to make the atmosphere inert, i.e., to prevent the

text: pyrolysis

text: gases from burning (this is the "volume computation"), and the amount of water required to cool the smoke and the immediate (this is the "thermal computation").

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 15 % oxygen

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed without oxygen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 15% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It is possible to calculate the amount of water required to make the atmosphere inert

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be classified as

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide with land

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 15% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: wood

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the amount of water needed

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: When the air becomes thin, i.e., when it contains less than 15% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the amount of water needed

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pyrolysis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: inert

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 15%

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The oxygen (O) in air (21%) is necessary for combustion.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: pyrolysis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The oxygen (O) in air (21%) is necessary for combustion.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "thin",

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 15%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: (wood,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The oxygen (O) in air (21%) is necessary for combustion.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: (21%)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The oxygen (O)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: possible to calculate the amount of water required to make the atmosphere inert,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: combustion.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: pyrolysis gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: In the case of a closed volume,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen (O)

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: John Dunstaple (or Dunstable) (ca. 1390 – 1453) was an English composer of polyphonic music of the late medieval era and early Renaissance periods. He was one of the most famous composers active in the early 15th century, a near-contemporary of Power, and was widely influential, not only in England but on the continent, especially in the developing style of the Burgundian School.Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous, particularly considering the relative paucity of his (attributable) works. He was recognized for possessing something never heard before in music of the Burgundian School: la contenance angloise ("the English countenance"), a term used by the poet Martin le Franc in his Le Champion des Dames. Le Franc added that the style influenced Dufay and Binchois — high praise indeed. Writing a few decades later in about 1476, the Flemish composer and music theorist Tinctoris reaffirmed the powerful influence Dunstaple had, stressing the "new art" that Dunstaple had inspired. Tinctoris hailed Dunstaple as the fons et origo of the style, its "wellspring and origin."

text: John Dunstaple

text: (or Dunstable) (ca. 1390 – 1453) was an

text: English

text: composer of

text: polyphonic

text: music of the late

text: medieval

text: era and early Renaissance periods. He was one of the most famous composers active in the early 15th century, a near-contemporary of Power, and was widely influential, not only in England but on the continent, especially in the developing style of the

text: Burgundian School

text: .Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous, particularly considering the relative paucity of his (attributable) works. He was recognized for possessing something never heard before in music of the

text: Burgundian School

text: la contenance angloise

text: ("the English countenance"), a term used by the poet

text: Martin le Franc

text: in his Le Champion des Dames. Le Franc added that the style influenced

text: Dufay

text: and

text: Binchois

text: — high praise indeed. Writing a few decades later in about 1476, the Flemish composer and music theorist

text: Tinctoris

text: reaffirmed the powerful influence Dunstaple had, stressing the "new art" that Dunstaple had inspired. Tinctoris hailed Dunstaple as the fons et origo of the style, its "wellspring and origin."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: John Dunstaple (or Dunstable) was an English composer of polyphonic music

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1476

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many years after John Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years after John Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after John Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Power,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1476,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: widely influential,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1476,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Burgundian School.Dunstaple's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Burgundian School.Dunstaple's

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Burgundian School.Dunstaple's

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ("the English countenance"),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: John Dunstaple

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ("the English countenance"),

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: la contenance angloise

text: The oldest fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago, during the Quaternary period. The extinct monotremes Teinolophos and Steropodon were once thought to be closely related to the modern platypus, but more recent studies show that platypi are more related to the modern echidnas than to these ancient forms and that at least Teinolophos was a rather different mammal lacking several speciations seen in platypi. However, the last common ancestor between platypi and echidnas probably was aquatic, and echidnas thus secondarily became terrestrial. Monotrematum sudamericanum is currently the oldest aquatic monotreme known. It has been found in Argentina, indicating monotremes were present in the supercontinent of Gondwana when the continents of South America and Australia were joined via Antarctica, or that monotremes existed along the shorelines of Antarctica in the early Cenozoic.

text: The oldest fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago, during the

text: Quaternary

text: period. The extinct monotremes

text: Teinolophos

text: and

text: Steropodon

text: were once thought to be closely related to the modern platypus, but more recent studies show that platypi are more related to the modern

text: echidna

text: s than to these ancient forms and that at least Teinolophos was a rather different mammal lacking several speciations seen in platypi. However, the last common ancestor between platypi and echidnas probably was aquatic, and echidnas thus secondarily became terrestrial.

text: Monotrematum sudamericanum

text: is currently the oldest aquatic monotreme known. It has been found in

text: Argentina

text: , indicating monotremes were present in the supercontinent of

text: Gondwana

text: when the continents of

text: South America

text: and Australia were joined via

text: Antarctica

text: , or that monotremes existed along the shorelines of Antarctica in the early Cenozoic.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Quaternary period

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: monotremes along the shorelines of Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: monotremes existed along the shorelines of Antarctica in the early Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: echidnas

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: monotrematum sudamericanum

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are joined

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cenozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: aquatic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How did Platypi and echidnas become terrestrial?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: monotremes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: monotreme

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: monotreme

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Cenozoic.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: monotremes existed along the shorelines of Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ancestor

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: monotremes existed along the shorelines of Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ancestor

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 100,000 years ago, during the Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the last common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: aquatic,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Quaternary period.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: monotremes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: speciations

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: terrestrial. Monotrematum sudamericanum

text: In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass.  However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many earth scientists, such as P.F. Hoffman (1999), use the term "supercontinent" to mean "a clustering of nearly all continents". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times.  Using the first definition provided here, Gondwana (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in proximity to one another. This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic. However, beyond , continental positions are much less certain.

text: In

text: geology

text: , a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: continental blocks

text: or

text: craton

text: s to form a single large landmass.  However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many earth scientists, such as P.F. Hoffman (1999), use the term "supercontinent" to mean "a clustering of nearly all continents". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to

text: Precambrian

text: times.  Using the first definition provided here,

text: Gondwana

text: (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of

text: Baltica

text: Laurentia

text: and

text: Siberia

text: also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of

text: Pangaea

text: is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in proximity to one another. This would classify

text: Pangaea

text: as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early

text: Jurassic

text: . However, beyond , continental positions are much less certain.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's continental blocks or cratons

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was the first continent on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times have supercontinents assembled and dispersed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: This definition leaves room for interpretation

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The positions of continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In geology,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's continental blocks or cratons

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: accurately determined back to the early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In geology,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: supercontinent does not exist today.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Jurassic.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Precambrian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cratons to form a single large landmass.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cratons to form a single large landmass.

text: Alternatively, the history of archaeogeography could be rewritten: Richard Lane, program director in NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, said, "The occurrence of this frog in Madagascar and its relatives' existence in South America provides strong evidence that the supercontinent Gondwana 'disassembled' during the latest part of the Cretaceous."

text: Alternatively, the history of archaeogeography could be rewritten: Richard Lane, program director in NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, said, "The occurrence of this frog in Madagascar and its relatives' existence in South America provides strong evidence that the supercontinent Gondwana 'disassembled' during the latest part of the

text: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Gondwana disassembled during the latest part of the Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth Sciences,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: strong evidence

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth Sciences,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Alternatively, the history of archaeogeography

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth Sciences,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cretaceous."

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: frog

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth Sciences, said, "The occurrence of this frog

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Earth Sciences,

text: The superseded belief that the Earth is flat, and denial of all of the overwhelming evidence that supports an approximately round globe that rotates around its axis and revolves around the Sun, persists into the 21st century. Modern proponents of flat-Earth cosmology (or flat-earthers) refuse to accept any kind of contrary evidence, dismissing all spaceflights and images from space as hoaxes and accusing all organizations and even private citizens of conspiring to "hide the truth". They claim that no actual satellites are orbiting the Earth, that the International Space Station is fake, and that these are lies from all governments involved in this grand cover-up. Adherents of the modern flat-Earth model propose that the Sun is only 3,000 miles above the Earth and that the Moon and the Sun orbit above, but not around, a flat Earth. Modern flat-earthers believe that Antarctica is not a continent but a massive ice flow, with a wall 150 feet or higher, which circles the perimeter of the Earth, keeps everything from falling off the edge, and contains all the ocean water. Flat-earthers also assert that no one is allowed to explore Antarctica, despite contrary evidence shown. According to them, all photos and videos of ships sinking under the horizon and of the bottoms of city skylines and clouds below the horizon, revealing the curvature of the Earth, have been manipulated, CGI, or somehow faked. Therefore, regardless of any scientific or empirical evidence provided, flat-earthers will stubbornly conclude it is fabricated or altered in some way.

text: The

text: superseded belief

text: that the

text: Earth

text: is

text: flat

text: , and denial of all of the overwhelming evidence that supports an approximately round globe that rotates around its axis and revolves around the

text: Sun

text: , persists into the

text: 21st century

text: . Modern proponents of flat-Earth

text: cosmology

text: (or

text: flat-earther

text: s) refuse to accept any kind of contrary evidence, dismissing all

text: spaceflight

text: s and images from space as

text: hoax

text: es and accusing all organizations and even private citizens of

text: conspiring

text: to "hide the truth". They claim that no actual

text: satellite

text: s are orbiting the Earth, that the

text: International Space Station

text: is fake, and that these are lies from all governments involved in this grand

text: cover-up

text: . Adherents of the modern flat-Earth model propose that the Sun is only 3,000 miles above the Earth and that the

text: Moon

text: and the Sun orbit above, but not around, a flat Earth. Modern flat-earthers believe that

text: Antarctica

text: is not a continent but a massive

text: ice flow

text: , with a wall 150 feet or higher, which circles the perimeter of the Earth, keeps everything from falling off the edge, and contains all the ocean water. Flat-earthers also assert that no one is allowed to explore Antarctica, despite contrary evidence shown. According to them, all photos and videos of ships sinking under the horizon and of the bottoms of city

text: skyline

text: s and clouds below the horizon, revealing the

text: curvature of the Earth

text: , have been

text: manipulated

text: CGI

text: , or somehow faked. Therefore, regardless of any scientific or

text: empirical evidence

text: provided, flat-earthers will stubbornly conclude it is fabricated or altered in some way.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is fabricated or altered in some way

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth rotate around its axis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: flat-earthers will stubbornly conclude it is fabricated or altered in some way

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are fabricated or altered in some way

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or CGI?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What do flat-earthers believe?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice flow,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 21st century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: round globe that rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: round globe

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fabricated or altered in some way.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: no one is allowed to explore Antarctica,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: approximately round globe that rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Sun, persists into the 21st century.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: round globe that rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: approximately round globe

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: round globe that rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: flat,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: flat-earthers)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The superseded belief that the Earth is flat,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Flat-earthers

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The superseded belief that the Earth is flat,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Antarctica is not a continent but a massive ice flow,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Antarctica is not a continent but a massive ice flow,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Antarctica is not a continent but a massive ice flow,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: approximately round globe

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The superseded belief that the Earth is flat,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: flat,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: flat,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The superseded belief that the Earth is flat,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 21st century.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Sun, persists into the 21st century.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: round globe that rotates around its axis

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: spaceflights

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: flat-earthers)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ice flow,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water.

text: The Moon's existence is widely attributed to a huge impact early in Earth's history. Impact events earlier in the history of Earth have been credited with creative as well as destructive events; it has been proposed that impacting comets delivered the Earth's water, and some have suggested that the origins of life may have been influenced by impacting objects by bringing organic chemicals or lifeforms to the Earth's surface, a theory known as exogenesis.

text: The

text: Moon

text: 's existence is widely attributed to a

text: huge impact early in Earth's history

text: . Impact events earlier in the

text: history of Earth

text: have been credited with creative as well as destructive events; it has been proposed that impacting comets delivered the Earth's water, and some have suggested that the

text: origins of life

text: may have been influenced by impacting objects by bringing organic chemicals or lifeforms to the Earth's surface, a theory known as

text: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: impacting comets

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Moon's existence is widely attributed to a huge impact early in Earth's history

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: comets impact

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lifeforms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: lifeform

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: exogenesis

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic chemicals

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Moon's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: impacting comets

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: creative as well as destructive events;

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: creative as well as destructive events;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bringing organic chemicals or lifeforms to the Earth's surface,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Impact events

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: impacting objects

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organic chemicals or lifeforms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Moon's existence is widely attributed to a huge impact

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: impacting comets delivered the Earth's water,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Impact events

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Impact events

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: impacting comets

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: impacting comets

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Moon's

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: exogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water,

text: J. R. R. Tolkien's novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, set in Middle-earth, have been the subject of various film adaptations. There were many early failed attempts to bring the fictional universe to life in screen, some even rejected by the author himself. The first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film. In 1978 the first big screen adaptation of the fictional setting was introduced in The Lord of the Rings. The story was more or less completed with the animated television special The Return of the King. In 1985, Middle-earth was depicted in a live-action film for the first time by an adaptation produced in the Soviet Union. In 1993, a live-action television miniseries titled Hobitit was aired by the Finnish broadcaster Yle.

text: J. R. R. Tolkien

text: 's novels

text: The Hobbit

text: and

text: The Lord of the Rings

text: , set in

text: Middle-earth

text: , have been the subject of various film adaptations. There were many early failed attempts to bring the fictional universe to life in screen, some even rejected by the author himself. The first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film. In 1978 the first big screen adaptation of the fictional setting was introduced in

text: The Lord of the Rings

text: . The story was more or less completed with the animated television special

text: The Return of the King

text: . In 1985, Middle-earth was depicted in a live-action film for the first time by

text: an adaptation

text: produced in the Soviet Union. In 1993, a live-action television

text: miniseries

text: titled

text: Hobitit

text: was aired by the Finnish broadcaster

text: Yle

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: In what year was Hobitit aired?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Middle-earth depicted in a live-action film for the first time by what country?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many years after the first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many years after the first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years after The Hobbit was depicted in a live-action film for the first time by an adaptation produced in the Soviet Union?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after the first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized was the first big screen adaptation of the fictional setting introduced in The Lord of the Rings

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the first depictions of Middle-earth on film were realized in 1966 as a short cartoon film?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: J. R. R. Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: many early failed attempts to bring the fictional universe to life in screen,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: live-action television miniseries titled Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There were many early failed attempts to bring the fictional universe to life in screen,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: J. R. R. Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Lord of the Rings.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Lord of the Rings.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1993,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: J. R. R. Tolkien's

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1966 as a short cartoon film.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Hobitit

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Hobitit

text: In early 2011, Soyaworld Inc. was renamed Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

text: In early 2011, Soyaworld Inc. was renamed Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Soyaworld

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Soyaworld Inc.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Soyaworld

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc. is a food company

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Soyaworld Inc

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Soyaworld Inc.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Soya

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth's Own Food

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Soyaworld Inc.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's Own Food Company

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth's Own Food

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Soyaworld Inc.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: soy

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Soya

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Soyaworld

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2011,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In early 2011,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth's Own Food Company Inc.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Soyaworld

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Food

text: Columbia, also known as Nuna and Hudsonland, was one of Earth's ancient supercontinents. It was first proposed by  and is thought to have existed approximately 2.5 to 1.6 billion years (Ga) ago in the Paleoproterozoic Era.  proposed that the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia was completed by global-scale collisional events during 2.1–1.8 Ga.

text: Columbia, also known as Nuna and Hudsonland, was one of Earth's ancient

text: supercontinent

text: s. It was first proposed by  and is thought to have existed approximately 2.5 to 1.6 billion years (

text: Ga

text: ) ago in the

text: Paleoproterozoic

text: Era

text: .  proposed that the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia was completed by global-scale collisional events during 2.1–1.8 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.1–1.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The assembly of the supercontinent Columbia was completed by global-scale collisional events

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisional events occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.1–1.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: paleontologists

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was first proposed by

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Columbia exist?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many billion years ago was Columbia?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: global-scale collisional events

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.5 to 1.6 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: global-scale collisional events

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: global-scale collisional events during 2.1–1.8 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: global-scale collisional events

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.5 to 1.6 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2.1–1.8 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.5 to 1.6 billion years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: global-scale collisional events

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Ga)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Paleoproterozoic Era.

text: A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of J. R. R. Tolkien's book The Lord of the Rings. Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Tolkien to depict the fictional region of Middle-earth. None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where the story of The Lord of the Rings takes place.

text: A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of

text: J. R. R. Tolkien

text: 's book

text: The Lord of the Rings

text: . Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and

text: Christopher Tolkien

text: to depict the fictional region of

text: Middle-earth

text: . None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where the story of The Lord of the Rings takes place.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of these maps cover the whole continent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: late 1960s and early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continent of Middle-earth;

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: late 1960s and early 1970s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A Map of Middle-earth

text: Data obtained from the studies on complex organics of cometary interest will support the interpretation of the future in-situ data, to be obtained from the Rosetta mission after landing on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014, and samples analyzed by the Curiosity and ExoMars rovers on Mars. Finally the chemical experiments will contribute to the understanding of the chemical processes on Saturn's moon Titan and possible analogies to the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

text: Data obtained from the studies on complex organics of cometary interest will support the interpretation of the future in-situ data, to be obtained from the

text: Rosetta mission

text: after landing on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014, and samples analyzed by the

text: Curiosity

text: and

text: ExoMars

text: rovers on Mars. Finally the chemical experiments will contribute to the understanding of the chemical processes on Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: and possible analogies to the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cometary interest

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Saturn

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical processes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Curiosity and ExoMars rovers on Mars

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cometary interest

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: comets collide with Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: possible analogies to the prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the first continental crust appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a possible analogy to the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: possible analogies

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: possible analogies to the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Mercury

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Titan

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical processes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: will support the interpretation of the future in-situ data,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: possible analogies to the prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: prebiotic chemistry

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: complex organics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: complex organics

text: Over a period of 22 years numerous reports relating the Antler orogeny and Roberts Mountains thrust to plate convergence were published in various journals, and because their basic tenets have been widely accepted, they are here termed the conventional theories.  The earliest effort to relate plate tectonics specifically to the Antler orogeny was briefly outlined by E.M. Moores: A collision of this continental margin with a subduction zone dipping away from it in late Devonian-early Mississippian time ... resulted in deformation of the pre-existing continental marginal rocks in the Antler Orogeny.

text: Over a period of 22 years numerous reports relating the Antler orogeny and Roberts Mountains thrust to plate convergence were published in various journals, and because their basic tenets have been widely accepted, they are here termed the conventional theories.  The earliest effort to relate plate tectonics specifically to the Antler orogeny was briefly outlined by E.M. Moores: A collision of this continental margin with a subduction zone dipping away from it in late Devonian-early Mississippian time ... resulted in deformation of the pre-existing continental marginal rocks in the Antler Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Antler Orogeny

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Antler orogeny and Roberts Mountains thrust to plate convergence

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most likely explanation for the existence of life?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many years ago did the Antler orogeny begin?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antler orogeny

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: continental marginal rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: late Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Over

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: resulted in deformation of the pre-existing continental marginal rocks

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collision of this continental margin with a subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continental marginal rocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Over

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: conventional theories.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 22 years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: conventional theories.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Antler orogeny

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Antler orogeny

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Devonian-early Mississippian

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Devonian-early

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: conventional theories.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: conventional theories.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: conventional theories.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: deformation of the pre-existing continental marginal rocks

text: These proteins are found in hepatocytes, adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, spleen, kidney, brain, and many other organs. C/EBP proteins are involved in different cellular responses, such as in the control of cellular proliferation, growth and differentiation, in metabolism, and in immunity. Nearly all the members of the C/EBP family can induce transcription through their activation domains by interacting with components of the basal transcription apparatus. (C/EBPγ is an exception that lacks a functional transcriptional activation domain.) Their expression is regulated at multiple levels, including through hormones, mitogens, cytokines, nutrients, and other factors.

text: These proteins are found in

text: hepatocyte

text: s,

text: adipocyte

text: s,

text: hematopoietic cell

text: s,

text: spleen

text: kidney

text: brain

text: , and many other organs. C/EBP proteins are involved in different cellular responses, such as in the control of cellular proliferation, growth and differentiation, in

text: metabolism

text: , and in

text: immunity

text: . Nearly all the members of the C/EBP family can induce transcription through their activation domains by interacting with components of the basal transcription apparatus. (C/EBPγ is an exception that lacks a functional transcriptional activation domain.) Their expression is regulated at multiple levels, including through

text: hormone

text: s,

text: mitogen

text: s,

text: cytokine

text: s,

text: nutrient

text: s, and other factors.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: C/EBP family

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: mitogens, cytokines, nutrients, and other factors

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nearly all the members of the C/EBP family can induce transcription through their activation domains

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: C/EBP proteins

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: C/EBP is an exception to this rule

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hepatocytes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely reason for mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of Ediacara fauna

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (C/EBP<unk>

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: C/EBP proteins

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: C/EBP proteins

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transcription

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Their expression is regulated at multiple levels,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hepatocytes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: C/EBP proteins

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: C/EBP proteins

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: hematopoietic cells,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: hematopoietic cells,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: C/EBP

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: hematopoietic cells,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: proteins

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: C/EBP

text: Children's Institute Inc. (CII) is a nonprofit organization that provides services to children and families healing from the effects of family and community violence within Los Angeles's most challenged neighborhoods. Founded in 1906 by Minnie Barton, Los Angeles's first female probation officer, the organization (then named the Big Sister League) was first designed to help troubled young women who found themselves adrift in Los Angeles."  The organization has since expanded its services to at-risk youth in Los Angeles who are affected by child abuse, neglect domestic and gang violence as well as poverty.  CII is a multi-service organization that combines evidence-based clinical services, youth development programs and family support services designed to address the whole child and entire family. The organization provides various forms of trauma support—including therapy, intervention services, parenting workshops, early childcare programs and other support services offered in English, Spanish and Korean.

text: Children's Institute Inc. (CII) is a

text: nonprofit organization

text: that provides services to children and families healing from the effects of family and community violence within Los Angeles's most challenged neighborhoods. Founded in 1906 by Minnie Barton, Los Angeles's first female probation officer, the organization (then named the Big Sister League) was first designed to help troubled young women who found themselves adrift in Los Angeles."  The organization has since expanded its services to at-risk youth in Los Angeles who are affected by child abuse, neglect domestic and gang violence as well as poverty.  CII is a multi-service organization that combines evidence-based clinical services, youth development programs and family support services designed to address the whole child and entire family. The organization provides various forms of trauma support—including therapy, intervention services, parenting workshops, early childcare programs and other support services offered in English, Spanish and Korean.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: adrift in Los Angeles

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Minnie Barton

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Founded in 1906 by Minnie Barton

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early childcare programs

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: children

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes are more common than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many years after Minnie Barton founded Children's Institute Inc.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: CII

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Korean.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Big Sister League)

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The organization has since expanded its services to at-risk youth in Los Angeles

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: female probation officer,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: English, Spanish and Korean.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1906

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: children

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 1906 by Minnie Barton,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Korean.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Korean.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: family.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Korean.

text: Venus is similar to Earth in size and density, and so probably also in bulk composition, but it does not have a significant magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field is produced by what is known as the core dynamo, consisting of an electrically conducting liquid, the nickel-iron outer core that rotates and is convecting. Venus is expected to have an electrically conductive core of similar composition, and although its rotation period is very long (243.7 Earth days), simulations show that this is adequate to produce a dynamo. This implies that Venus lacks convection in its outer core. Convection occurs when there is a large difference in temperature between the inner and outer part of the core, but since Venus has no plate tectonics to let off heat from the mantle, it is possible that outer core convection is being suppressed by a warm mantle. It's also possible that Venus may lack a solid inner core for the same reason, if the core is either too hot or is not under enough pressure to allow molten nickel-iron to freeze there.

text: Venus is similar to Earth in size and density, and so probably also in bulk composition, but it does not have a significant

text: magnetic field

text: . Earth's magnetic field is produced by what is known as the

text: core dynamo

text: , consisting of an electrically conducting liquid, the nickel-iron outer core that rotates and is

text: convecting

text: . Venus is expected to have an electrically conductive core of similar composition, and although its rotation period is very long (243.7 Earth days), simulations show that this is adequate to produce a dynamo. This implies that Venus lacks convection in its outer core. Convection occurs when there is a large difference in temperature between the inner and outer part of the core, but since Venus has no plate tectonics to let off heat from the mantle, it is possible that outer core convection is being suppressed by a warm mantle. It's also possible that Venus may lack a solid inner core for the same reason, if the core is either too hot or is not under enough pressure to allow molten nickel-iron to freeze there.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Venus lacks convection in its outer core

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's magnetic field is produced

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 243.7 Earth days

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the abbreviation for DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why is it possible that outer core convection is being suppressed?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many Earth days does it take for the core dynamo to rotate?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the nickel-iron outer core

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nickel-iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetic field.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a large difference in temperature between the inner and outer part of the core,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Venus lacks convection in its outer core.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Venus has no plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Venus has no plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Venus has no plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: core dynamo,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Venus has no plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Venus is similar to Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: core dynamo,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: core dynamo, consisting of an electrically conducting liquid,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Venus is similar to Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic field

text: In the story, Organlegging is rampant on Earth in the early 22nd century. In an attempt to alleviate the problem, the UN has just passed the first "Freezer Law", declaring paupers in cryogenic suspension to be dead in law, allowing their organs to be harvested and made available for transplant.

text: In the story,

text: Organlegging

text: is rampant on Earth in the early 22nd century. In an attempt to alleviate the problem, the

text: UN

text: has just passed the first "Freezer Law", declaring

text: pauper

text: s in

text: cryogenic suspension

text: to be dead in law, allowing their organs to be harvested and made available for

text: transplant

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: in the early 22nd century

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organlegging in the early 22nd century?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The UN has just passed the first "Freezer Law"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: in the early 22nd century

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth freezes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 22nd century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: paupers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the UN pass the Freezer Law?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or DNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago was the first Freezer Law passed?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why does the UN pass the Freezer Law?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a form of iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are possible

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Ediacara fauna or Freezer Law?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cryogenic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: paupers

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Organlegging

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cryogenic suspension

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the UN has just passed the first "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Organlegging is rampant on Earth in the early 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Organlegging

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Organlegging is rampant on Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Organlegging is rampant on Earth in the early 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Organlegging is rampant on Earth in the early 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Freezer Law",

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 22nd century.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Freezer Law", declaring paupers in cryogenic suspension

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cryogenic suspension

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: paupers

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cryogenic suspension to be dead in law, allowing their organs

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organs

text: The flat Earth model is an archaic conception of the Earth's shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period (early centuries AD), and China until the 17th century. That paradigm was also typically held in the aboriginal cultures of the Americas, and the notion of a flat Earth domed by the firmament in the shape of an inverted bowl was common in pre-scientific societies.

text: The flat Earth model is an

text: archaic

text: conception of the

text: Earth

text: 's shape as a

text: plane

text: or

text: disk

text: . Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth

text: cosmography

text: , including

text: Greece

text: until the

text: classical period

text: , the

text: Bronze Age

text: and

text: Iron Age

text: civilizations of the

text: Near East

text: until the

text: Hellenistic period

text: India

text: until the

text: Gupta period

text: (early centuries AD), and

text: China

text: until the 17th century. That paradigm was also typically held in the aboriginal cultures of the

text: Americas

text: , and the notion of a flat Earth domed by the

text: firmament

text: in the shape of an inverted bowl was common in pre-scientific societies.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the flat Earth model is an archaic conception of the Earth's shape as a plane or disk

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many centuries

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: a cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: firmament

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Americas,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: firmament

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the notion of a flat Earth domed by the firmament

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Gupta period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gupta period

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: aboriginal cultures of the Americas,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Americas,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Gupta period

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Americas,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hellenistic period,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: pre-scientific

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Gupta period

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: China until the 17th century.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: inverted bowl was common in pre-scientific

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: firmament

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: aboriginal cultures of the Americas,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: firmament

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Gupta period

text: In the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic eras, South America and Africa were connected in a landmass called Gondwana, as part of the supercontinent Pangaea. In the Albian, around 110 Ma, South America and Africa began to diverge along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, giving rise to a landmass of Antarctica and South America. During the late Eocene, around 35Ma, Antarctica and South America separated and South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent. During approximately 30 million years, the biodiversity of South America was isolated from the rest of the world, leading to evolution of species within the continent.

text: In the

text: Paleozoic

text: and Early

text: Mesozoic

text: eras,

text: South America

text: and

text: Africa

text: were connected in a landmass called

text: Gondwana

text: , as part of the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: . In the

text: Albian

text: , around 110

text: Ma

text: , South America and Africa began to diverge along the southern

text: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

text: , giving rise to a landmass of

text: Antarctica

text: and South America. During the late

text: Eocene

text: , around 35Ma, Antarctica and South America separated and South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent. During approximately 30 million years, the

text: biodiversity

text: of South America was isolated from the rest of the world, leading to evolution of species within the continent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 110 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: South America and Africa connected in a landmass

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 35Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 110 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution of species

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: to diverge along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 110 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic eras,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 30 million years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 110 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Gondwana,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: During the late Eocene,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eocene,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mid-Atlantic Ridge,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: species

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: species

text: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth is controversial. Other less reducing gases produce a lower yield and variety. It was once thought that appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen were present in the prebiotic atmosphere , which would have essentially prevented the formation of organic molecules; however, the current scientific consensus is that such was not the case. (See Oxygen catastrophe).

text: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of

text: early Earth

text: is controversial. Other less reducing gases produce a lower yield and variety. It was once thought that appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen were present in the prebiotic atmosphere , which would have essentially prevented the formation of organic molecules; however, the current scientific consensus is that such was not the case. (See

text: Oxygen catastrophe

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not the case

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The current scientific consensus is that such was not the case

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not the case

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not present in the prebiotic atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It was once thought that appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen were present in the prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Oxygen catastrophe

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prebiotic atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: organic molecules;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the current scientific consensus is that such was not the case.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: organic molecules;

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Miller–Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Miller–Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Miller–Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It was once thought that appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Oxygen catastrophe).

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Oxygen catastrophe).

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Oxygen catastrophe).

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prebiotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecules;

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic molecules;

text: West Gondwana (South America and Africa) broke up in the Early Cretaceous to form the South Atlantic.  The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents was noted on the first maps that included the South Atlantic and it was also the subject of the first computer-assisted plate tectonic reconstructions in 1965.  This magnificent fit, however, has since then proven problematic and later reconstructions have introduced various deformation zones along the shorelines to accommodate the northward-propagating break-up.  Intra-continental rifts and deformations have also been introduced to subdivide both continental plates into sub-plates.

text: West Gondwana (South America and Africa) broke up in the Early Cretaceous to form the South Atlantic.  The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents was noted on the first maps that included the South Atlantic and it was also the subject of the first computer-assisted plate tectonic reconstructions in 1965.  This magnificent fit, however, has since then proven problematic and later reconstructions have introduced various deformation zones along the shorelines to accommodate the northward-propagating break-up.  Intra-continental rifts and deformations have also been introduced to subdivide both continental plates into sub-plates.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents was noted on the first maps

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the South Atlantic break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: northward-propagating

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: broke up

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: South Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early Cretaceous to form the South Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: West Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Early Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: South Atlantic.

text: In the early 1960s NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon with their first space probes. While this civilization was able to shield itself from all Earth-based visual detection devices, U.S. President John F. Kennedy's speech from 1961 that declared the intent to "Put a man on the Moon and return him safely to the Earth" was not designed as a space race with the Soviet Union, but to secretly establish contact with this newly discovered civilization. This discovery was classified and false images from the Moon were transmitted during all the Apollo missions. When the Earth mission of this new civilization was discovered, political forces demanded that President Richard Nixon end manned missions to the Moon in 1972. First World commences in the year 2018 when the Chinese government announces it is making its first manned mission to the Moon within 24 hours. What does this civilization represent? Why was it covered up? Who knows about its existence? What is their mission? And what lengths will some go to protect Earth and our way of life?

text: In the early 1960s

text: NASA

text: discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the

text: Moon

text: with their first space probes. While this civilization was able to shield itself from all

text: Earth

text: -based visual detection devices, U.S. President

text: John F. Kennedy

text: 's speech from 1961 that declared the intent to "Put a man on the Moon and return him safely to the Earth" was not designed as a space race with the

text: Soviet Union

text: , but to secretly establish contact with this newly discovered civilization. This discovery was classified and false images from the Moon were transmitted during all the

text: Apollo

text: missions. When the Earth mission of this new civilization was discovered, political forces demanded that President

text: Richard Nixon

text: end manned missions to the Moon in 1972. First World commences in the year 2018 when the

text: Chinese

text: government announces it is making its first manned mission to the Moon within 24 hours. What does this civilization represent? Why was it covered up? Who knows about its existence? What is their mission? And what lengths will some go to protect Earth and our way of life?

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: What was the fourth supercontinent to form?

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not designed as a space race

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-based visual detection devices

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon with their first space probes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are classified and false images

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were called protists

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: about what time?

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-based

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Which supercontinent was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How fast was mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take to evolve from prokaryotes to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What was the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of life?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What did the first oxygen on Earth combine with?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to some of the oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which organisms were most like modern E. coli?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Which of the following is not a prokaryote?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: When did the Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Moon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-based visual detection devices,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth-based visual detection devices,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-based visual detection devices,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-based

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced civilization on the Moon

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NASA discovered a vast and advanced

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: advanced civilization

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: false images from the Moon were transmitted during all the Apollo missions.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: advanced

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: false images from the Moon were transmitted during all the Apollo missions.

text: Definition: "e-Constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment" combining of three technological "cells"(space, telecom, Grid) to produce a multi-spectral image of the Earth. "e" as intended to feed the new vectors of the mass-based Internet, "Constellation" because relying on a constellation of satellites observing the earth in "saturation" REcurrent "because based on a systematic information delivery high resolution refreshed daily to weekly "Cellular " because using the combined virtues of new technology based on cellular processing (Wide Area Grid) distributed across the full globe.

text: Definition: "e-Constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment" combining of three technological "cells"(space, telecom, Grid) to produce a

text: multi-spectral image

text: of the Earth. "e" as intended to feed the new vectors of the mass-based Internet, "Constellation" because relying on a constellation of satellites observing the earth in "saturation"

text: REcurrent

text: "because based on a systematic information delivery high resolution refreshed daily to weekly "Cellular " because using the combined virtues of new technology based on cellular processing (Wide Area Grid) distributed across the full globe.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lava

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: e-Constellation of Observation

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a wide area grid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: recurrent

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The e-Constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment combines three technological "cells"(space, telecom, Grid) to produce a multi-spectral image of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: e-constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: e-Constellation

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It took millions of years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: were very small

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone is a type of

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cellular processing (Wide Area Grid)

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: "saturation"

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: satellites

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellular processing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: based on a systematic information delivery high resolution refreshed daily to weekly

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "saturation"

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: weekly

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "cells"(space,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cellular processing (Wide Area Grid) distributed across the full globe.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "e-Constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: weekly

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: weekly

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: weekly

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cellular processing (Wide Area Grid) distributed across the full globe.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "e-Constellation of Observation by Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: weekly

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Recurrent Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "saturation"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "saturation"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cellular Environment"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "cells"(space,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "saturation"

text: Microbial mats of coexisting bacteria and archaea were the dominant form of life in the early Archean and many of the major steps in early evolution are thought to have taken place within them. The evolution of  photosynthesis, around 3.5 Ga, eventually led to a buildup of its waste product, oxygen, in the atmosphere, leading to the great oxygenation event, beginning around 2.4 Ga. The earliest evidence of eukaryotes (complex cells with organelles) dates from 1.85 Ga, and while they may have been present earlier, their diversification accelerated when they started using oxygen in their metabolism. Later, around 1.7 Ga, multicellular organisms began to appear, with differentiated cells performing specialised functions. Sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female reproductive cells (gametes) to create a zygote in a process called fertilization is, in contrast to asexual reproduction, the primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of macroscopic organisms, including almost all eukaryotes (which includes animals and plants). However the origin and evolution of sexual reproduction remain a puzzle for biologists though it did evolve from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species.<ref name="Letunic I and Bork P">

text: Microbial mats of coexisting

text: bacteria

text: and

text: archaea

text: were the dominant form of life in the early

text: Archean

text: and many of the major steps in early evolution are thought to have taken place within them. The evolution of

text: photosynthesis

text: , around 3.5 Ga, eventually led to a buildup of its waste product,

text: oxygen

text: , in the atmosphere, leading to the

text: great oxygenation event

text: , beginning around 2.4 Ga. The earliest evidence of

text: eukaryote

text: s (complex

text: cell

text: s with

text: organelle

text: s) dates from 1.85 Ga, and while they may have been present earlier, their diversification accelerated when they started using oxygen in their

text: metabolism

text: . Later, around 1.7 Ga,

text: multicellular organism

text: s began to appear, with

text: differentiated cell

text: s performing specialised functions.

text: Sexual reproduction

text: , which involves the fusion of male and female reproductive cells (

text: gamete

text: s) to create a

text: zygote

text: in a process called

text: fertilization

text: is, in contrast to

text: asexual reproduction

text: , the primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of macroscopic organisms, including almost all

text: eukaryotes

text: (which includes

text: animal

text: s and

text: plant

text: s). However the origin and

text: evolution of sexual reproduction

text: remain a puzzle for biologists though it did evolve from a

text: common ancestor

text: that was a single celled eukaryotic species.<ref name="Letunic I and Bork P">

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Sexual reproduction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the earliest evidence of eukaryotes (complex cells with organelles) dates from 1.85 Ga

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fusion of male and female reproductive cells (gametes)

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.85 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammalian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the great oxygenation event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: archaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gametes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: name="Letunic I and Bork P">

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Microbial mats

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Microbial mats of coexisting bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Sexual reproduction,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Sexual reproduction,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Microbial mats of coexisting bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution are thought to have taken place within them. The evolution of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.85 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1.7 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Microbial mats of coexisting bacteria and archaea

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.4 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: many of the major steps in early evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen in their metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1.7 Ga, multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.5 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asexual reproduction,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen,

text: Relatively little is known about their way of life. For example, according to the Iranologist A. D. H. Bivar, the capital of "the ancient Dahae (if indeed they possessed one) is quite unknown."

text: Relatively little is known about their way of life. For example, according to the Iranologist

text: A. D. H. Bivar

text: , the capital of "the ancient Dahae (if indeed they possessed one) is quite unknown."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is quite unknown

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: capitals

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A. D. H. Bivar is an Iranologist

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: the capital of "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the capital

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A. D. H. Bivar,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unknown."

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A. D. H. Bivar,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the capital of "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the capital of "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unknown."

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Relatively little is known about their way of life.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "the ancient Dahae

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: D. H. Bivar,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unknown."

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Dahae

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: D. H. Bivar,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: one) is quite unknown."

text: By producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early oxygen-poor, reducing atmosphere, into an oxidizing one, causing the "rusting of the Earth" and  the Great Oxygenation Event, that dramatically changed the composition of life forms and led to the near-extinction of anaerobic organisms.

text: By producing

text: oxygen

text: as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early oxygen-poor,

text: reducing atmosphere

text: , into an

text: oxidizing

text: one, causing the "rusting of the Earth" and  the

text: Great Oxygenation Event

text: , that dramatically changed the composition of life forms and led to the near-extinction of

text: anaerobic organism

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Cyanobacteria produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: anaerobic organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rusting occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth" and the Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen-poor,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: oxygen-poor,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "rusting of the Earth" and the Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: By producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: oxygen-poor,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Great Oxygenation Event,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: By producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: By producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: anaerobic organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: anaerobic organisms.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Apart from failed attempts to rescue the team from the past, slowly, something begins to happen. The temporal mechanics are altered in such a way that two time streams emerge. The first focuses on the struggling team in the Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age, some 65 millions years ago. In the far future, in what will be known as the Telezoic Era, a younger version of Gertrude Salley meets an older version of herself - the one who was responsible for the split in the timeline - now happily living in the center of the new supercontinent of Ultima Pangea. There, they also finally meet the mysterious benefactors known as the Unchanging, who are actually an evolved avian species that inherited the Earth upon the extinction of the human race.

text: Apart from failed attempts to rescue the team from the past, slowly, something begins to happen. The temporal mechanics are altered in such a way that two time streams emerge. The first focuses on the struggling team in the Mesozoic's

text: Maastrichtian

text: Age, some 65 millions years ago. In the far future, in what will be known as the Telezoic Era, a younger version of Gertrude Salley meets an older version of herself - the one who was responsible for the split in the timeline - now happily living in the center of the new

text: supercontinent

text: of

text: Ultima Pangea

text: . There, they also finally meet the mysterious benefactors known as the Unchanging, who are actually an evolved

text: avian

text: species that inherited the Earth upon the extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ultima Pangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 65 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Maastrichtian Age

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The first focuses on the struggling team in the Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 65 millions years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many millions years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many millions years ago did the Maastrichtian Age end?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first continent on earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: some 65 millions years ago

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unchanging

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Maastrichtian Age

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unchanging

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unchanging

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ultima Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: avian species

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 65 millions years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: human race.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: younger version of Gertrude Salley meets an older version

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: two time streams emerge.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 65 millions years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Unchanging,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ultima Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 65

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 65

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 65 millions years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ultima Pangea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: inherited the Earth upon the extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mesozoic's Maastrichtian Age,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Unchanging,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Unchanging,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mesozoic's

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction of the human race.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Unchanging,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Unchanging,

text: Ciclosporin is currently in a phase II/III (adaptive) clinical study in Europe to determine its ability to ameliorate neuronal cellular damage and reperfusion injury (phase III) in traumatic brain injury. This multi-center study is being organized by NeuroVive Pharma and the European Brain Injury Consortium using NeuroVive's formulation of ciclosporin called NeuroSTAT (also known by its cardioprotection trade name of CicloMulsion). This formulation uses a lipid emulsion base instead of cremophor and ethanol. NeuroSTAT was recently compared to Sandimmune in a phase I study and found to be bioequivalent. In this study, NeuroSTAT did not exhibit the anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions found in cremophor- and ethanol-based products.

text: Ciclosporin is currently in a phase II/III (adaptive) clinical study in Europe to determine its ability to ameliorate neuronal cellular damage and reperfusion injury (phase III) in traumatic brain injury. This multi-center study is being organized by NeuroVive Pharma and the European Brain Injury Consortium using NeuroVive's formulation of ciclosporin called NeuroSTAT (also known by its cardioprotection trade name of CicloMulsion). This formulation uses a lipid emulsion base instead of cremophor and ethanol. NeuroSTAT was recently compared to Sandimmune in a phase I study and found to be bioequivalent. In this study, NeuroSTAT did not exhibit the anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions found in cremophor- and ethanol-based products.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cremophor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cremophor and ethanol

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This formulation uses a lipid emulsion base instead of cremophor and ethanol

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cyclosporin

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cremophor

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cremophor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How common are prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the drug that is being used in this study?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: What is the first continent on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organism: bacteria, fungi, or viruses?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: What is the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ethanol

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cyclosporin

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Sandimmune

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ethanol

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lipid emulsion base instead of cremophor and ethanol.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: II/III

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cremophor and ethanol.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Sandimmune

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: NeuroSTAT did not exhibit the anaphylactic and hypersensitivity reactions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: traumatic brain injury.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: II/III

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ciclosporin is currently in a phase II/III

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cellular damage

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: NeuroSTAT

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: neuronal cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ethanol.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ciclosporin

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Sandimmune

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ethanol.

text: Thomas Tallis set the first lesson, and second lesson, of Tenebrae on Maundy Thursday between 1560, and 1569: "when the practice of making musical settings of the Holy Week readings from the Book of Jeremiah enjoyed a brief and distinguished flowering in England (the practice had developed on the continent during the early 15th century)".

text: Thomas Tallis

text: set the first lesson, and second lesson, of Tenebrae on

text: Maundy Thursday

text: between 1560, and 1569: "when the practice of making musical settings of the Holy Week readings from the Book of Jeremiah enjoyed a brief and distinguished flowering in England (the practice had developed on the continent during the early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not related to Thomas Tallis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Maundy Thursday

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Thomas Tallis set the first lesson of Tenebrae on Maundy Thursday between 1560, and 1569

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: on the continent

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1560

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: on the continent

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How would you describe Thomas Tallis?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Thomas Tallis set the first lesson, and second lesson, of Tenebrae?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: England

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Thomas Tallis

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: (the practice had developed on the continent during the early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continent

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1569:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Thomas Tallis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1560, and 1569:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1569:

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: (the practice had developed on the continent during the early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1569:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 1569:

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1569:

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early 15th century)".

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Book of Jeremiah

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Holy Week readings from the Book of Jeremiah

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Book of Jeremiah

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tenebrae

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Book of Jeremiah

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Holy Week readings from the Book of Jeremiah

text: The history of south-up map orientation as political statement can be traced back to the early 1900s. Joaquín Torres García, a Uruguayan modernist painter, created one of the first maps to make a political statement related to north-south map positions, an illustration often called "The Upside-down Map" (1943). "Torres-García placed the South Pole at the top of the earth, thereby suggesting a visual affirmation of the importance of the (South American) continent."

text: The history of south-up map orientation as political statement can be traced back to the early 1900s.

text: Joaquín Torres García

text: , a Uruguayan modernist painter, created one of the first maps to make a political statement related to north-south map positions, an illustration often called "The Upside-down Map" (1943). "Torres-García placed the South Pole at the top of the earth, thereby suggesting a visual affirmation of the importance of the (South American) continent."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South American

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's core

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: South American continent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Joaqu n Torres Garc a was a painter

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: North-South

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: South American

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the South Pole been at the top of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The South Pole

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (South American)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: South Pole

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a visual affirmation of the importance of the (South American) continent."

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: north-south

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The history of south-up map orientation as political statement can be traced

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Joaqu<unk>n Torres Garc<unk>a,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "The Upside-down Map"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: South Pole

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "The Upside-down

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: South Pole

text: The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle  of oxygen within its three main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), and the Earth's crust.  Failures in the oxygen cycle within the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth) can result in the development of hypoxic zones.  The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on earth (see the Great Oxygenation Event).

text: The oxygen cycle is the

text: biogeochemical cycle

text: of

text: oxygen

text: within its three main reservoirs: the

text: atmosphere

text: (air), the total content of biological matter within the

text: biosphere

text: (the global sum of all ecosystems), and the

text: Earth's crust

text: .  Failures in the oxygen cycle within the

text: hydrosphere

text: (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth) can result in the development of

text: hypoxic zone

text: s.  The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is

text: photosynthesis

text: , which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on earth (see the

text: Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The oxygen cycle is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life on earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle have?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle have?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many main reservoirs does the oxygen cycle have?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: hypoxic zones

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Great Oxygenation Event).

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (air),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The oxygen cycle

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biological matter

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Actually, there were two main "schools of thought" that pushed plate tectonics forward:

text: Actually, there were two main "schools of thought" that pushed

text: plate tectonics

text: forward:

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 450 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: can be traced back to the formation of the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The first school of thought was based on the idea that plate tectonics was a natural process.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be traced back to the formation of the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the best way to explain this?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very small

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea was the first supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a school of thought?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the second school of thought

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: there were two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: there were two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: there were two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: two main "schools of thought"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: plate tectonics

text: During entry into the Venusian atmosphere, the heat shield temperature rose to  and at one point the cabin deceleration reached 300 G. The descent lasted 93 minutes. The capsule deployed its parachute at an altitude of about , and started sending data on pressure, temperature and gas composition back to Earth. The temperature control kept the inside of the capsule at . The temperature at 52 km was recorded as , and the pressure as less than . At the end of the 26-km descent, the temperature reached  and pressure increased to , and the signal transmission terminated. The atmospheric composition was measured as 90–93% carbon dioxide, 0.4–0.8% oxygen, 7% nitrogen and 0.1–1.6% water vapor.

text: During entry into the Venusian atmosphere, the heat shield temperature rose to  and at one point the cabin deceleration reached 300 G. The descent lasted 93 minutes. The capsule deployed its parachute at an altitude of about , and started sending data on pressure, temperature and gas composition back to Earth. The temperature control kept the inside of the capsule at . The temperature at 52 km was recorded as , and the pressure as less than . At the end of the 26-km descent, the temperature reached  and pressure increased to , and the signal transmission terminated. The atmospheric composition was measured as 90–93%

text: carbon dioxide

text: , 0.4–0.8% oxygen, 7% nitrogen and 0.1–1.6% water vapor.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nitrogen and water vapor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: At one point the cabin deceleration reached 300 G

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: could not be determined

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: water vapor freezes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long did it take for the capsule to deploy its parachute?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the heat shield temperature rise?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many miles was the temperature at 52 km?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a gas: carbon dioxide, oxygen, 7% nitrogen or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a type of oxygen: oxygen, nitrogen or water vapor?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a type of animal: Ediacara fauna or Venusian atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venusian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 90–93% carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Venusian atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 90–93% carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: started sending data on pressure, temperature and gas composition back to Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Venusian atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: about,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venusian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 0.4–0.8%

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 0.4–0.8%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 90–93% carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 300 G.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Venusian atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 0.4–0.8%

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: heat shield

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Venusian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle and have happened many times in the past. Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded but may still be recognized because these mark sites of intense deformation, metamorphism, and plutonic activity that separate tracts of continental crust having different geologic histories prior to the collision. Old collision zones are commonly called "suture zones" by geologists, because this is where two previous continents are joined or sutured together.

text: Continental collisions are a critical part of the

text: Supercontinent cycle

text: and have happened many times in the past. Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded but may still be recognized because these mark sites of intense deformation, metamorphism, and plutonic activity that separate tracts of continental crust having different geologic histories prior to the collision. Old collision zones are commonly called "suture zones" by geologists, because this is where two previous continents are joined or sutured together.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two previous continents

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient collision zones

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continental collisions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metamorphism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Continental collisions

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Continental collisions

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: different geologic histories

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metamorphism,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Old collision zones are commonly called "suture zones"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancient collision zones

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Continental collisions

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: intense deformation, metamorphism, and plutonic activity

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: many times in the past.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ancient collision zones are deeply eroded

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Continental collisions are a critical part of the Supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plutonic activity

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: plutonic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: plutonic activity

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: plutonic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: plutonic activity

text: Current studies on Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers are now searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on Mars is now a primary NASA objective.

text: Current studies

text: on Mars by the Curiosity and

text: Opportunity

text: rovers

text: are now searching for evidence of ancient life, including a

text: biosphere

text: based on

text: autotroph

text: ic,

text: chemotroph

text: ic and/or

text: chemolithoautotrophic

text: microorganism

text: s, as well as ancient water, including

text: fluvio-lacustrine environments

text: plain

text: s related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been

text: habitable

text: . The search for evidence of

text: habitability

text: taphonomy

text: (related to

text: fossils

text: ), and

text: organic carbon

text: on Mars is now a primary

text: NASA

text: objective.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is now a primary NASA objective

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Curiosity and Opportunity rovers are now searching for evidence of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: chemotrophic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have been habitable on Mars?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The search for evidence of habitability,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Current studies on Mars

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: chemolithoautotrophic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: chemolithoautotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic carbon

text: On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that current studies on Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable.

text: On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that

text: current studies

text: on Mars by the

text: Curiosity

text: and

text: Opportunity

text: rovers

text: will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a

text: biosphere

text: based on

text: autotroph

text: ic,

text: chemotroph

text: ic and/or

text: chemolithoautotrophic

text: microorganism

text: s, as well as ancient water, including

text: fluvio-lacustrine environments

text: plain

text: s related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been

text: habitable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Curiosity and Opportunity rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: chemotrophic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last place mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: autotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: evidence of ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 2014,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autotrophic,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: chemolithoautotrophic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water,

text: Current studies on the planet Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers are now searching for evidence of ancient life as well as plains related to ancient rivers or lakes that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic molecules on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA and ESA objective on Mars.

text: Current studies

text: on the planet

text: Mars

text: by the

text: Curiosity

text: and

text: Opportunity

text: rovers

text: are now searching for evidence of ancient life as well as plains related to ancient rivers or lakes that may have been

text: habitable

text: . The search for evidence of

text: habitability

text: taphonomy

text: (related to

text: fossils

text: ), and

text: organic molecule

text: s on the planet Mars is now a primary

text: NASA

text: and

text: ESA

text: objective on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: may have been habitable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Curiosity and Opportunity rovers are searching for evidence of ancient life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not found on Mars

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: may have been on Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organic molecules?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or organic molecules?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first planet mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Mars?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The search for evidence of habitability,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ancient life

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: taphonomy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: fossils), and organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: organic molecules

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic molecules

text: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic and not much is known about continental assemblages before then. There are a few plausible models that explain tectonics of the early Earth pre-Columbia, but the current most plausible theory is that prior to Columbia, there were only a few independent craton formations scattered around the Earth (not necessarily a supercontinent formation like Rodinia or Columbia).

text: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic and not much is known about continental assemblages before then. There are a few plausible models that explain tectonics of the early Earth pre-Columbia, but the current most plausible theory is that prior to Columbia, there were only a few independent craton formations scattered around the Earth (not necessarily a supercontinent formation like Rodinia or Columbia).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Independent craton formations

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the first paragraph of this passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Columbia dominate?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Earth been a supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many independent craton formations were there?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia).

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: craton formations

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rodinia or Columbia).

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a few independent craton formations

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a few plausible models

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: there were only a few independent craton formations

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: not much is known about continental assemblages

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: craton formations

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Columbia).

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: pre-Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: craton

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: craton

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Columbia was dominant in the early-mid Proterozoic

text: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's. Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi); the same as at sea level on Earth. An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort, and is much safer than the alternative, a pure oxygen atmosphere, because of the increased risk of a fire such as that responsible for the deaths of the Apollo 1 crew. Earth-like atmospheric conditions have been maintained on all Russian and Soviet spacecraft.

text: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the

text: Earth's

text: . Normal air pressure on the ISS is 101.3

text: kPa

text: psi

text: ); the same as at sea level on Earth. An Earth-like atmosphere offers benefits for crew comfort, and is much safer than the alternative, a pure oxygen atmosphere, because of the increased risk of a fire such as that responsible for the deaths of the

text: Apollo 1

text: crew. Earth-like atmospheric conditions have been maintained on all Russian and Soviet spacecraft.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a pure oxygen atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or mRNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the atmosphere on board the ISS similar to the Earth's?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fire

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ISS

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Apollo 1

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pure oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ISS is similar to the Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: For example, the abundance of oxygen in pure water can be measured in two ways: the mass fraction is about 89%, because that is the fraction of water's mass which is oxygen. However, the mole-fraction is 33.3333...%  because only 1 atom of 3 in water, HO, is oxygen. As another example, looking at the mass-fraction abundance of hydrogen and helium in both the Universe as a whole and in the atmospheres of gas-giant planets such as Jupiter, it is 74% for hydrogen and 23–25% for helium; while the (atomic) mole-fraction for hydrogen is 92%, and for helium is 8%, in these environments. Changing the given environment to  Jupiter's outer atmosphere, where hydrogen is diatomic while helium is not, changes the molecular mole-fraction (fraction of total gas molecules), as well as the fraction of atmosphere by volume, of hydrogen to about 86%, and of helium to 13%.

text: For example, the abundance of

text: oxygen

text: in pure

text: water

text: can be measured in two ways: the mass fraction is about 89%, because that is the fraction of water's mass which is oxygen. However, the mole-fraction is 33.3333...%  because only 1

text: atom

text: of 3 in water, HO, is oxygen. As another example, looking at the mass-fraction abundance of hydrogen and helium in both the

text: Universe

text: as a whole and in the

text: atmosphere

text: s of

text: gas-giant planet

text: s such as

text: Jupiter

text: , it is 74% for

text: hydrogen

text: and 23–25% for

text: helium

text: ; while the (atomic) mole-fraction for hydrogen is 92%, and for helium is 8%, in these environments. Changing the given environment to

text: Jupiter's outer atmosphere

text: , where hydrogen is

text: diatomic

text: while helium is not, changes the molecular mole-fraction (fraction of total gas molecules), as well as the fraction of atmosphere by volume, of hydrogen to about 86%, and of helium to 13%.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jupiter

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hydrogen and helium

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the abundance of oxygen in pure water can be measured in two ways: the mass fraction is about 89%

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hydrogen and helium

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: gas giant planets collide with Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: how fast?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: gas-giant planets

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the (atomic) mole-fraction

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: hydrogen is diatomic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: diatomic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen and helium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 89%,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hydrogen is diatomic

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: molecular mole-fraction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: hydrogen is diatomic while helium is not,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: gas-giant planets

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 89%,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 89%,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: HO,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: HO,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 89%,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Jupiter,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the abundance of oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 89%,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 8%,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the abundance of oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oxygen in pure water

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: diatomic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: Among them was Pemba who wished to dominate and so he left the egg early, ripping a piece of his placenta.  Pemba fell through space and his torn placenta became the earth.  Because he left the egg prematurely the earth formed from this piece was arid and barren and of no use to Pemba. So Pemba tried to return to the egg, to rejoin his twin and his place in the rest of the placenta.  But it was not to be found-Mangala had changed the remaining placenta into the sun.  So Pemba stole male seeds from Mangala's clavicle, and took them to the barren earth and planted them there.  Only one of them could germinate in the dry earth, a male eleusine seed which grew in the blood of the placenta.  But because Pemba had stolen the seed and it germinated in Pemba's own placenta, the earth became impure and the eleusine seed turned red.

text: Among them was

text: Pemba

text: who wished to dominate and so he left the egg early, ripping a piece of his placenta.  Pemba fell through space and his torn

text: placenta

text: became the earth.  Because he left the egg prematurely the earth formed from this piece was arid and barren and of no use to Pemba. So Pemba tried to return to the egg, to rejoin his twin and his place in the rest of the placenta.  But it was not to be found-Mangala had changed the remaining placenta into the sun.  So Pemba stole male seeds from Mangala's

text: clavicle

text: , and took them to the barren earth and planted them there.  Only one of them could germinate in the dry earth, a male eleusine seed which grew in the blood of the placenta.  But because Pemba had stolen the seed and it germinated in Pemba's own placenta, the earth became impure and the eleusine seed turned red.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pemba

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was a male

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What did Pemba steal from Mangala?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in the blood of the placenta

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pemba stole male seeds from Mangala's clavicle

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were male

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: placenta breaks apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: twin

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Pemba leave the egg early?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What did Pemba steal from Mangala?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Why did Pemba leave the egg prematurely?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eleusine

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the male eleusine seed

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: eleusine

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pemba

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: placenta.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: his torn placenta became the earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pemba who wished to dominate and so he left the egg

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: arid and barren

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: twin

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: grew in the blood of the placenta.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: male seeds

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eleusine

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: torn placenta became the earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Among them was Pemba

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pemba

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: found-Mangala had changed the remaining placenta into the sun.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mangala's clavicle,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ripping a piece of his placenta.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: the earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: male seeds

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: red.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: red.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: eleusine

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pemba

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eleusine

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: egg

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: placenta.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: red.

text: The stability of the atmosphere in Earth is not a consequence of chemical equilibrium. Oxygen is a reactive compound, and should eventually combine with gases and minerals of the Earth's atmosphere and crust.  Oxygen only began to persist in the atmosphere in small quantities about 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event. Since the start of the Cambrian period, atmospheric oxygen concentrations have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume. Traces of methane (at an amount of 100,000 tonnes produced per year) should not exist, as methane is combustible in an oxygen atmosphere.

text: The stability of the atmosphere in Earth is not a consequence of

text: chemical equilibrium

text: Oxygen

text: is a reactive compound, and should eventually combine with gases and minerals of the Earth's atmosphere and crust.  Oxygen only began to persist in the atmosphere in small quantities about 50 million years before the start of the

text: Great Oxygenation Event

text: . Since the start of the

text: Cambrian

text: period, atmospheric oxygen concentrations have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume. Traces of

text: methane

text: (at an amount of 100,000 tonnes produced per year) should not exist, as methane is combustible in an oxygen atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 50 million years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: atmospheric oxygen concentrations have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 50 million years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Oxygen is a reactive compound

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Cambrian period

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or methane?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 50 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen only began to persist in the atmosphere in small quantities

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical equilibrium.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen is a reactive compound,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: chemical equilibrium.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 50 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The stability of the atmosphere in Earth is not a consequence of chemical equilibrium.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The stability of the atmosphere in Earth is not a consequence of chemical equilibrium.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Great Oxygenation Event.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane

text: A suggestion has been made that in the early stages of the Earth's development when its radioactivity was almost two orders of magnitude higher than at present, radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen, which ensured the conditions for the origin and development of life. Molecular hydrogen and oxidants produced by the radiolysis of water may also provide a continuous source of energy to subsurface microbial communities (Pedersen, 1999). Such speculation is supported by a discovery in the Mponeng Gold Mine in South Africa, where the researchers found a community dominated by a new phylotype of Desulfotomaculum, feeding on primarily radiolytically produced H.

text: A suggestion has been made that in the early stages of the Earth's development when its

text: radioactivity

text: was almost two orders of magnitude higher than at present, radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen, which ensured the conditions for the origin and development of

text: life

text: . Molecular hydrogen and oxidants produced by the radiolysis of water may also provide a continuous source of energy to subsurface

text: microbial

text: communities (Pedersen, 1999). Such speculation is supported by a discovery in the

text: Mponeng Gold Mine

text: in

text: South Africa

text: , where the researchers found a community dominated by a new phylotype of

text: Desulfotomaculum

text: , feeding on primarily radiolytically produced

text: H

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radioactivity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbial communities

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's core is heated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: radioactivity

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbial communities

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Mponeng Gold Mine discovered?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxidants

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South Africa,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Molecular hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's development

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: microbial communities

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: radioactivity was almost two orders of magnitude higher than at present,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: radioactivity was almost two orders of magnitude higher

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: radiolysis could have been the principal source of atmospheric oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Desulfotomaculum,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Desulfotomaculum,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Desulfotomaculum,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radiolysis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Desulfotomaculum,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life. Molecular hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Molecular hydrogen

text: Tectonic forces above the subduction zone along the entire west coast of South America where the Nazca Plate and a part of the Antarctic Plate are sliding beneath the South American Plate continue to produce an ongoing orogenic event resulting in minor to major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to this day. In the extreme south a major transform fault separates Tierra del Fuego from the small Scotia Plate. Across the  wide Drake Passage lie the mountains of the Antarctic Peninsula south of the Scotia Plate which appear to be a continuation of the Andes chain.

text: Tectonic forces above the

text: subduction zone

text: along the entire west coast of South America where the

text: Nazca Plate

text: and a part of the

text: Antarctic Plate

text: are sliding beneath the

text: South American Plate

text: continue to produce an ongoing

text: orogenic event

text: resulting in minor to major

text: earthquake

text: s and

text: volcanic eruption

text: s to this day. In the extreme south a major

text: transform fault

text: separates

text: Tierra del Fuego

text: from the small

text: Scotia Plate

text: . Across the  wide

text: Drake Passage

text: lie the mountains of the

text: Antarctic Peninsula

text: south of the Scotia Plate which appear to be a continuation of the Andes chain.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: minor to major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: In the extreme south a major transform fault separates Tierra del Fuego from the small Scotia Plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How would you describe the speed of mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Fuego

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Nazca Plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Andes chain.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: minor to major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Tectonic forces above the subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Antarctic Plate are sliding beneath the South American Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Tectonic forces above the subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ongoing orogenic event

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Tectonic forces above the subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Tectonic forces

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Tectonic forces above the subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: orogenic event resulting in minor to major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: South American Plate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: volcanic eruptions

text: Pantydraco lived during the Late (Upper) Triassic (Rhaetian) Period and perhaps Early Jurassic of what is now the United Kingdom. Pantydraco was a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur and was originally believed to be a juvenile Thecodontosaurus and described from a partial skeleton including a skull in 2003. However, further analysis led to the conclusion and discovery that Pantydracowarranted its own separate genus after a paper was published in 2007. Together with Thecodontosaurus antiquus, it is the basal most sauropodomorph known from Europe. The Upper Triassic is also known as the Late Triassic period. It is the last and uppermost period from the Triassic group. It comprises three ages (or stages) viz. the Rhaetian, Norian and Carnian in reverse chronological order. The advent of the upper or late Triassic is 237 million years ago and it its end is marked by the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, roughly 201.1 million years ago. The Jurassic period follows the Triassic period. The Jurassic extends from 201 to 145 mya. The Jurassic branches off into three other periods, namely the Lower, Middle and the Late Jurassic periods. The early Jurassic period extends from 201 to 182 million years old. In the early Jurassic period, the supercontinent Pangaea gradually split into two, thus marking significant geological changes. It consists of four stages: the Toarcian, the Pliensbachian, the Sinemurian and the Hettangian, in descending chronological order. The Hettangian is the first stage of the Lower Jurassic period. It extends from the 201.3 to 199.3 million years ago. The Pantydraco dinosaur lived through the Hettangian age.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: What is the fourth supercontinent to form?

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 201.1 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Jurassic period?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The advent of the upper or late Triassic is 237 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic-Jurassic extinction event

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geological changes occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 201.1 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Thecodontosaurus

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the last and uppermost period from the Triassic group?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first stage of the Lower Jurassic period?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the supercontinent Pangaea split into two?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the last and uppermost period from the Triassic group?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many millions of years ago did the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event occur?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaur

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Triassic-Jurassic extinction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sauropodomorph

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hettangian,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: the supercontinent Pangaea gradually split into two,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea gradually split into two,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 201.1 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 201.3 to 199.3

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: split into two,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pantydraco dinosaur lived through the Hettangian age.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Jurassic period follows the Triassic period.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic period follows the Triassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Triassic period.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Triassic period.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Hettangian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Triassic period.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: urassic extinction event,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 145 mya.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Jurassic period follows the Triassic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Toarcian,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Toarcian,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: extinction event, roughly 201.1 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: urassic extinction event,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hettangian,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: urassic extinction event,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Triassic-Jurassic extinction event,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hettangian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaur

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Triassic-Jurassic extinction event,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the supercontinent Pangaea gradually split into two,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: basal sauropodomorph

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Pantydraco dinosaur

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Pantydraco dinosaur

text: The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. On time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken apart three times. Roughly  (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart .

text: The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by

text: plate tectonics

text: , a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. On

text: time scales

text: lasting hundreds of millions of years, the

text: supercontinent

text: s have formed and broken apart three times. Roughly  (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents,

text: Rodinia

text: , began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form

text: Pannotia

text: , 600–, then finally

text: Pangaea

text: , which also broke apart .

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 600–

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Roughly (million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a long-term steady continental area

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: on time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken apart three times

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 600–

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times have supercontinents formed and broken apart?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: long-term steady continental area.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (million years ago),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rapid growth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the supercontinents have formed and broken apart three times.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (million years ago),

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rapid growth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a rapid growth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the supercontinents have formed and broken apart three times.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: Monastic life in the Middle Ages was strictly centered around prayer and manual labor.  In the early Middle Ages, there were many attempts to set out an organization and routine for monastic life.  Montalembert cites one such sixth-century document, the Rule of Saint Ferréol, as prescribing that "He who does not turn up the earth with the plough ought to write the parchment with his fingers." As this implies, the labor required of a scribe was comparable to the exertion of agriculture and other outdoor work.  Another of Montalembert's examples is of a scribal note along these lines: "He who does not know how to write imagines it to be no labour, but although these fingers only hold the pen, the whole body grows weary."

text: Monastic life in the

text: Middle Ages

text: was strictly centered around

text: prayer

text: and manual labor.  In the early Middle Ages, there were many attempts to set out an organization and routine for monastic life.

text: Montalembert

text: cites one such sixth-century document, the Rule of

text: Saint Ferréol

text: , as prescribing that "He who does not turn up the earth with the plough ought to write the parchment with his fingers." As this implies, the labor required of a

text: scribe

text: was comparable to the exertion of agriculture and other outdoor work.  Another of Montalembert's examples is of a scribal note along these lines: "He who does not know how to write imagines it to be no labour, but although these fingers only hold the pen, the whole body grows weary."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which of the following is not a type of manual labor: prayer and manual labor?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages was strictly centered around prayer and manual labor

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: what time period

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: agriculture

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: non-existent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: non-human

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: parchment

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: plough

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: plough

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plough

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fingers."

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: comparable to the exertion of agriculture and other outdoor work.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "He who does not turn up the earth with the plough

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth with the plough

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: sixth-century document, the Rule of Saint Ferréol,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: "He who does not turn up the earth with the plough

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Montalembert

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Monastic life in the Middle Ages

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earth with the plough

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plough

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: parchment

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: earth with the plough

text: When DC Comics made use of its multiverse means of continuity tracking between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, it was declared that the Daily Star--edited by George Taylor—was the workplace of the Golden Age or "Earth-Two" Clark Kent, Lois Lane and office boy-turned-cub reporter Jimmy Olsen, while the Daily Planet--edited by Perry White—was unique to their Silver Age or "Earth-One" counterparts.

text: When DC Comics made use of its

text: multiverse

text: means of continuity tracking between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, it was declared that the Daily Star--edited by George Taylor—was the workplace of the

text: Golden Age

text: or "

text: Earth-Two

text: " Clark Kent, Lois Lane and office boy-turned-cub reporter

text: Jimmy Olsen

text: , while the Daily Planet--edited by Perry White—was unique to their

text: Silver Age

text: or "Earth-One" counterparts.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Clark Kent and Lois Lane

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Daily Planet--edited by Perry White--was unique to their Silver Age or "Earth-One" counterparts

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-Two

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What was the Daily Star's workplace?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth-One

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cub

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silver Age or "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 1960s and mid-1980s,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Daily Planet--edited

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: When DC Comics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Daily Star--edited by George Taylor—was

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multiverse

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Silver Age or "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Silver Age or "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Golden Age or "Earth-Two"

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Earth-One"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: boy-turned-cub

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: boy-turned-cub

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: boy-turned-cub

text: Dictyostelids are used as examples of cellular communication and differentiation, and may provide insights into how multicellular organisms develop.

text: Dictyostelids are used as examples of cellular communication and differentiation, and may provide insights into how

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: develop.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Dictyostelids are multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Dictyostelid

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multicellular organisms develop

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Dictyostelids are used as examples of what?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Dictyostelids are examples of cellular communication and differentiation

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cytoplasm

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lactic acid

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: differentiation,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: may provide insights into how multicellular organisms develop.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Dictyostelids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellular communication

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Dictyostelids

text: At present, it is still believed that molecular oxygen was not a significant fraction of Earth's atmosphere until after photosynthetic life forms evolved and began to produce it in large quantities as a byproduct of their metabolism. This radical shift from a chemically inert to an oxidizing atmosphere caused an ecological crisis, sometimes called the oxygen catastrophe. At first, oxygen would have quickly combined with other elements in Earth's crust, primarily iron, removing it from the atmosphere. After the supply of oxidizable surfaces ran out, oxygen would have begun to accumulate in the atmosphere, and the modern high-oxygen atmosphere would have developed. Evidence for this lies in older rocks that contain massive banded iron formations, that were laid down as iron oxides.

text: At present, it is still believed that

text: molecular

text: oxygen

text: was not a significant fraction of Earth's atmosphere until after

text: photosynthetic

text: life forms evolved and began to produce it in large quantities as a byproduct of their metabolism. This radical shift from a chemically inert to an oxidizing atmosphere caused an ecological crisis, sometimes called the

text: oxygen catastrophe

text: . At first, oxygen would have quickly combined with other elements in Earth's crust, primarily iron, removing it from the atmosphere. After the supply of oxidizable surfaces ran out, oxygen would have begun to accumulate in the atmosphere, and the modern high-oxygen atmosphere would have developed. Evidence for this lies in older rocks that contain massive

text: banded iron formation

text: s, that were laid down as iron oxides.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a chemically inert to an oxidizing atmosphere caused an ecological crisis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: byproduct of their metabolism

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen would have quickly combined with other elements in Earth's crust

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a chemically inert to an oxidizing atmosphere caused an ecological crisis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a chemically inert

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere oxidizes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It is still believed that molecular oxygen was not a significant fraction of Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life forms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic life forms evolved

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: inert

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: chemically inert

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: molecular oxygen was not a significant fraction of Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxidizable surfaces

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: massive banded iron formations,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: iron,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: massive banded iron formations,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: older rocks that contain massive banded iron formations,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen would have quickly combined with other elements in Earth's crust,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: metabolism.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: photosynthetic life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic life forms evolved

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: photosynthetic life forms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecular oxygen

text: P. fusiformis fixes carbon, removing it from the atmosphere. It also produces a large amount of oxygen for the Earth's atmosphere.

text: P. fusiformis fixes

text: carbon

text: , removing it from the atmosphere. It also produces a large amount of oxygen for the Earth's

text: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: carbon in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: P. fusiformis is a bacterium

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not answer the above question

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: P. fusiformis fixes carbon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossilized organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: removing it from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: P. fusiformis fixes carbon,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: P. fusiformis fixes carbon,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a large amount of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It also produces a large amount of oxygen for the Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: P. fusiformis fixes carbon,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: P. fusiformis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developmental biology). The work is both in vivo and in silico.

text: Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see

text: Developmental biology

text: ). The work is both

text: in vivo

text: and

text: in silico

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: genomes that were very complex

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vivo

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The work is both in vivo and in silico.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The work is both in vivo and in silico.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The work is both in vivo and in silico

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: genomes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The work is both in vivo and in silico.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: genomes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Since genomes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genes in a genome

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Since genomes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: minimal genomes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genomes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: minimal genomes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: minimal genomes for single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: minimal genomes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Developmental biology).

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: silico.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single cell organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: silico.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Developmental biology).

text: A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early "0G" (zeroth generation) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These "0G" systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.

text: A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917,

text: Finnish

text: inventor

text: Eric Tigerstedt

text: filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included

text: analog

text: radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in

text: mobile telephony

text: have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early "0G" (

text: zeroth generation

text: ) services, such as

text: Bell System

text: 's

text: Mobile Telephone Service

text: and its successor, the

text: Improved Mobile Telephone Service

text: . These "0G" systems were not

text: cellular

text: , supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ships and trains

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many "0G" systems were not cellular?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Finnish

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ships and trains.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone".

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ships and trains.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "0G" systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early "0G"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early predecessors of cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early predecessors of cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: successive "generations",

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "0G" systems were not cellular,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular phones

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon microphone".

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (zeroth generation)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon microphone".

text: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey as a prophet, with his philosophy fundamentally shaping the movement, and with many of the early Rastas having started out as Garveyites. He is often seen as a second John the Baptist. One of the most famous prophecies attributed to him involving the coronation of Haile Selassie I was the 1927 pronouncement "Look to Africa, for there a black king shall be crowned," although an associate of Garvey's, James Morris Webb, had made very similar public statements as early as 1921. Marcus Garvey promoted Black Nationalism, black separatism, and Pan-Africanism: the belief that all black people of the world should join in brotherhood and work to decolonise the continent of Africa – then still controlled by European colonial powers.

text: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey as a prophet, with his philosophy fundamentally shaping the movement, and with many of the early Rastas having started out as

text: Garveyites

text: . He is often seen as a second

text: John the Baptist

text: . One of the most famous prophecies attributed to him involving the coronation of Haile Selassie I was the 1927 pronouncement "Look to Africa, for there a black king shall be crowned," although an associate of Garvey's,

text: James Morris Webb

text: , had made very similar public statements as early as 1921. Marcus Garvey promoted

text: Black Nationalism

text: black separatism

text: , and

text: Pan-Africanism

text: : the belief that all black people of the world should join in brotherhood and work to decolonise the continent of Africa – then still controlled by European colonial powers.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonic acid

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Europe colonized Africa

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: James Morris Webb had made very similar public statements as early as 1921

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Africa is decolonized

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: European colonial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Africa,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: then still controlled by European colonial powers.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: European colonial powers.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1921.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Garveyites.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Black Nationalism,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Rastas

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Rastas see Marcus Mosiah Garvey

text: Evidence of early terrestrial animal life had, until this discovery, been found only in northern Pangaea or Laurasia, currently comprising North America and Asia. Some 416 million years ago at the end of the Silurian period and during the Devonian period, primitive insects of Laurasia were being preyed upon by early scorpions and spiders, whose ancestors had also come from aquatic and marine environments. Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments and migration onto land at first was confined to plants, which evolved into relatively complex organisms during the Devonian period. This plant colonisation was followed by plant and detritus feeders such as primitive insects and millipedes. With the Carboniferous period, early vertebrates emerged from the water and were feeding on the invertebrates already there.

text: Evidence of early terrestrial animal life had, until this discovery, been found only in northern

text: Pangaea

text: or Laurasia, currently comprising

text: North America

text: and

text: Asia

text: . Some 416 million years ago at the end of the

text: Silurian

text: period and during the Devonian period, primitive insects of Laurasia were being preyed upon by early scorpions and spiders, whose ancestors had also come from aquatic and marine environments. Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments and migration onto land at first was confined to plants, which evolved into relatively complex organisms during the Devonian period. This plant colonisation was followed by plant and detritus feeders such as primitive insects and millipedes. With the

text: Carboniferous period

text: , early vertebrates emerged from the water and were feeding on the invertebrates already there.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 416 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many times did scorpions and spiders prey on insects?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments and migration onto land at first was confined to plants

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 416 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Silurian period end?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: scorpions

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: vertebrates

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: invertebrates

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: detritus

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: marine environments

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 416 million years ago at the end of the Silurian period

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: complex organisms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Carboniferous period,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: invertebrates

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: North America and Asia.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 416 million years ago at the end of the Silurian period

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Devonian period.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: North America and Asia.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Laurasia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Initial life on Earth was restricted to marine environments

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Carboniferous period,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Devonian period,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Carboniferous period, early vertebrates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Silurian period

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plant and detritus feeders

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: vertebrates

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: marine environments

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: invertebrates

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: plants,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: detritus

text: The first period of tectonic activity was the accretion of an island arc at some point during the Elzevirian Orogeny. Before the accretion of the island arc took place, subduction between a continental plate and presumably an oceanic plate was taking place. Slab pull and far-field drivers such as ridge push were aiding in closing the distance between the island arc and the continent. Depending on the angle of subduction deformation of the continental crust was already taking place and thickening the lithosphere. By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing.

text: The first period of tectonic activity was the accretion of an island arc at some point during the Elzevirian Orogeny. Before the accretion of the island arc took place, subduction between a continental plate and presumably an oceanic plate was taking place. Slab pull and far-field drivers such as ridge push were aiding in closing the distance between the island arc and the continent. Depending on the angle of subduction deformation of the continental crust was already taking place and thickening the lithosphere. By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: What was the fourth supercontinent to form?

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: by 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Subduction between a continental plate and presumably what?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: by 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: by 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic activity occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: an oceanic plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the Elzevir back arc basin be closing?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Elzevir back arc basin closing?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many years ago was the Elzevir back arc basin closing?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Elzevir back arc basin close?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: by 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: subduction between a continental plate and presumably an oceanic plate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ridge push

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: subduction between a continental plate and presumably an oceanic plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: island arc

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1.19 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Elzevirian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithosphere.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: thickening the lithosphere.

text: The Baltic Sea sedimentary basin was formed on top of the East European Craton millions of years after it consolidated.This occurred during the Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian when the weakest part of the craton was reactivated. Since then the basin has been deepened mainly through subsidence caused by extensional tectonics. In the northern part of the Baltic Sea basin, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Bothnian Sea, the depression originated as a series of interconnected rifts that were not active enough to split the East European Craton. Subsidence in the southern parts was most pronounced during a period starting in the Late Ordovician and lasting to Middle Silurian. At this time the Baltic sea basin and the East European Craton were part of a continent and tectonic plate known as Baltica. Baltica collided with the continent Laurentia in the Late Silurian and Early Devonian. This caused compression in the basin in a north-west to south-east direction. This collision further led to the formation of a fold and thrust belt and faults north of the Danish–North German–Polish Caledonides. During the Carboniferous and Permian the basin areas around Rügen and northern Poland were subject to the intrusion of magma. After the Permian there was little tectonic activity in the Baltic for most of the Mesozoic until the Cretaceous. During the Cretaceous a tectonic inversion occurred in the southwestern part of the basin.

text: The Baltic Sea sedimentary basin was formed on top of the

text: East European Craton

text: millions of years after it

text: consolidated

text: .This occurred during the

text: Late Ediacaran

text: and the

text: Early Cambrian

text: when the weakest part of the craton was reactivated. Since then the basin has been deepened mainly through subsidence caused by

text: extensional tectonics

text: . In the northern part of the Baltic Sea basin, including the

text: Gulf of Bothnia

text: and the

text: Bothnian Sea

text: , the depression originated as a series of interconnected

text: rift

text: s that were not active enough to split the East European Craton. Subsidence in the southern parts was most pronounced during a period starting in the

text: Late Ordovician

text: and lasting to

text: Middle Silurian

text: . At this time the Baltic sea basin and the East European Craton were part of a continent and tectonic plate known as

text: Baltica

text: . Baltica collided with the continent

text: Laurentia

text: in the Late Silurian and

text: Early Devonian

text: . This caused compression in the basin in a north-west to south-east direction. This collision further led to the formation of a

text: fold and thrust belt

text: and faults north of the

text: Danish–North German–Polish Caledonides

text: . During the

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: the basin areas around

text: Rügen

text: and northern

text: Poland

text: were subject to the

text: intrusion of magma

text: . After the

text: Permian

text: there was little tectonic activity in the Baltic for most of the

text: Mesozoic

text: until the Cretaceous. During the Cretaceous a

text: tectonic inversion

text: occurred in the southwestern part of the basin.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Baltica collided with Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: During the Cretaceous a tectonic inversion occurred in the southwestern part of the basin.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What happened during the Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Baltic Sea sedimentary basin formed on top of the East European Craton

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was Laurentia?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times was the Baltic Sea sedimentary basin formed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the Baltic Sea sedimentary basin?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Baltic Sea sedimentary basin

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: East European Craton

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: East European Craton

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: extensional tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: subsidence caused by extensional tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: consolidated.This

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sedimentary basin was formed on top of the East European Craton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: tectonic inversion

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: East European Craton

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Baltica. Baltica collided with the continent Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Baltica. Baltica collided with the continent Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: magma.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magma.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Late Ediacaran and the Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma.

text: A superocean is an ocean that surrounds a supercontinent.  It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current Pacific Ocean.  Named global superoceans include Mirovia, which surrounded the supercontinent Rodinia, and Panthalassa, which surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. Pannotia and Columbia, along with landmasses before Columbia (such as Ur), were also surrounded by superoceans.

text: A superocean is an

text: ocean

text: that surrounds a

text: supercontinent

text: .  It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current

text: Pacific Ocean

text: .  Named global superoceans include

text: Mirovia

text: , which surrounded the supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: , and

text: Panthalassa

text: , which surrounded the supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: Pannotia

text: and

text: Columbia

text: , along with landmasses before Columbia (such as

text: Ur

text: ), were also surrounded by superoceans.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mirovia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: superoceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pannotia and Columbia, along with landmasses before Columbia (such as Ur), were also surrounded by superoceans

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were surrounded by superoceans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mirovia

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans surround them

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the ocean that surrounds Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take to evolve from prokaryotes to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ur),

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: superoceans.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A superocean is an ocean that surrounds a supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ur), were also surrounded by superoceans.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ur),

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mirovia, which surrounded the supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ur), were also surrounded by superoceans.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Panthalassa,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A superocean is an ocean that surrounds a supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A superocean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ur),

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A superocean

text: At least some may have been early forms of the phyla at the heart of the "Cambrian explosion" debate, having been interpreted as early molluscs (Kimberella), echinoderms (Arkarua); and arthropods (Spriggina, Parvancorina). Still, debate exists about the classification of these specimens, mainly because the diagnostic features that allow taxonomists to classify more recent organisms, such as similarities to living organisms, are generally absent in the ediacarans. However, there seems little doubt that Kimberella was at least a triploblastic bilaterian animal. These organisms are central to the debate about how abrupt the Cambrian explosion was. If some were early members of the animal phyla seen today, the "explosion" looks a lot less sudden than if all these organisms represent an unrelated "experiment", and were replaced by the animal kingdom fairly soon thereafter (40M years is "soon" by evolutionary and geological standards).

text: At least some may have been early forms of the phyla at the heart of the "Cambrian explosion" debate, having been interpreted as early molluscs (

text: Kimberella

text: ), echinoderms (

text: Arkarua

text: ); and arthropods (

text: Spriggina

text: Parvancorina

text: ). Still, debate exists about the classification of these specimens, mainly because the diagnostic features that allow taxonomists to classify more recent organisms, such as similarities to living organisms, are generally absent in the ediacarans. However, there seems little doubt that Kimberella was at least a triploblastic bilaterian animal. These organisms are central to the debate about how abrupt the Cambrian explosion was. If some were early members of the animal phyla seen today, the "explosion" looks a lot less sudden than if all these organisms represent an unrelated "experiment", and were replaced by the animal kingdom fairly soon thereafter (40M years is "soon" by evolutionary and geological standards).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 40M years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: echinoderms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: these organisms are central to the debate about how abrupt the Cambrian explosion was

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Arkarua

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cambrian explosion

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 40M years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cambrian explosion

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 40M years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the debate about the Cambrian explosion?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cambrian explosion

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: echinoderms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellaterian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian explosion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ediacarans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (40M years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: triploblastic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the "explosion" looks a lot less sudden

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "Cambrian explosion"

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (40M years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ediacarans.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: echinoderms

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: (40M years is "soon"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: (40M years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: echinoderms

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: (40M years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: At least some may have been early forms of the phyla

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Cambrian explosion"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: similarities to living organisms, are generally absent in the ediacarans.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the animal kingdom

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early molluscs

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: molluscs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bilaterian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Cambrian explosion"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Cambrian explosion"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ediacarans.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: bilaterian

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: living organisms,

text: Showing the continents as "one island earth" also helped Fuller explain, in his book Critical Path, the journeys of early seafaring people, who were in effect using prevailing winds to circumnavigate this world island.

text: Showing the continents as "one island earth" also helped Fuller explain, in his book

text: Critical Path

text: , the journeys of early seafaring people, who were in effect using

text: prevailing winds

text: to circumnavigate this world island.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: one island earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not the same as

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The journeys of early seafaring people were in effect using prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: one island earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: seafaring people,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the journeys of early seafaring people,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Showing the continents as "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the journeys of early seafaring people,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "one island earth"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: seafaring people,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: seafaring people,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: prevailing winds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: prevailing winds

text: Continent-collision model is the alternative model explaining the evolution of Precordillera. Dalziel has reconstructed the Paleozoic plate development and proposed a narrow early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean between Laurentia and Gondwana. Dalziel named the model as Texas Plateau Hypothesis. Texas Plateau is the term describing the Precordillera with its parental Laurentia, suggesting that Precordillera was always attached to Laurentia until the supercontinental collision between Laurentia and Gondwana shut down the Iapetus Ocean. After the collision, the continent rifted away during late Ordovician, so that Precordillera was no longer attached to Laurentia and stuck to the western Gondwana. This model is also called as paired rift margin.

text: Continent-collision model is the alternative model explaining the evolution of Precordillera. Dalziel has reconstructed the Paleozoic plate development and proposed a narrow early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean between

text: Laurentia

text: and Gondwana. Dalziel named the model as Texas Plateau Hypothesis. Texas Plateau is the term describing the

text: Precordillera

text: with its parental Laurentia, suggesting that

text: Precordillera

text: was always attached to

text: Laurentia

text: until the supercontinental collision between

text: Laurentia

text: and Gondwana shut down the Iapetus Ocean. After the collision, the continent rifted away during late Ordovician, so that

text: Precordillera

text: was no longer attached to

text: Laurentia

text: and stuck to the western Gondwana. This model is also called as paired rift margin.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Iapetus Ocean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Texas Plateau is the term describing the Precordillera with its parental Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution of Precordillera to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Precordillera first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the Texas Plateau Hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: This model is also called as paired rift margin

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of Precordillera?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Precordillera

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Laurentia,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Laurentia and Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Iapetus Ocean.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Precordillera was always attached to Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Precordillera.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Precordillera.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collision

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Precordillera.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laurentia and Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Iapetus Ocean.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Laurentia and Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: late Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Continent-collision model

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Precordillera.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: supercontinental collision

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Iapetus Ocean.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Precordillera.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Iapetus Ocean.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Iapetus Ocean.

text: Scientists start the search for fossil evidence of plants with indirect evidence for their presence, the evidence of photosynthesis in the geological record.  The evidence for photosynthesis in the rock record is varied, but primary evidence comes from around 3000 Ma, in rock records and fossil evidence of cyanobacteria, photosynthesizing prokaryotic organisms.  Cyanobacteria use water as a reducing agent, producing atmospheric oxygen as a byproduct, and they thereby profoundly changed the early reducing atmosphere of the earth to one in which modern aerobic organisms eventually evolved.  This oxygen liberated by cyanobacteria then oxidized dissolved iron in the oceans, the iron precipitated out of the sea water, and fell to the ocean floor to form sedimentary layers of oxidized iron called Banded Iron Formations (BIFs).   These BIFs are part of the geological record of evidence for the evolutionary history of plants by identifying when photosynthesis originated.  This also provides deep time constraints upon when enough oxygen could have been available in the atmosphere to produce the ultraviolet blocking stratospheric ozone layer.  The oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere subsequently rose, acting as a poison for anaerobic organisms, and resulting in a highly oxidizing atmosphere, and opening up niches on land for occupation by aerobic organisms.

text: Scientists start the search for fossil evidence of plants with indirect evidence for their presence, the evidence of photosynthesis in the geological record.  The evidence for photosynthesis in the rock record is varied, but primary evidence comes from around 3000 Ma, in rock records and fossil evidence of cyanobacteria, photosynthesizing

text: prokaryotic

text: organisms.  Cyanobacteria use water as a

text: reducing agent

text: , producing atmospheric oxygen as a byproduct, and they thereby profoundly changed the early

text: reducing

text: atmosphere of the earth to one in which modern aerobic organisms eventually evolved.  This oxygen liberated by cyanobacteria then

text: oxidized

text: dissolved

text: iron

text: in the oceans, the iron precipitated out of the sea water, and fell to the ocean floor to form sedimentary layers of oxidized iron called

text: Banded Iron Formation

text: s (BIFs).   These BIFs are part of the geological record of evidence for the evolutionary history of plants by identifying when photosynthesis originated.  This also provides deep time constraints upon when enough oxygen could have been available in the atmosphere to produce the

text: ultraviolet

text: blocking

text: stratospheric

text: ozone layer.  The oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere subsequently rose, acting as a poison for

text: anaerobic

text: organisms, and resulting in a highly oxidizing atmosphere, and opening up niches on land for occupation by aerobic organisms.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: around 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Cyanobacteria use water as a reducing agent, producing atmospheric oxygen as a byproduct

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were photosynthesizing prokaryotic organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cyanobacteria use water as a reducing agent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere subsequently rise?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere subsequently rose

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prokaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: prokaryotic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesizing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: producing atmospheric oxygen as a byproduct,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: aerobic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryotic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: reducing

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: aerobic organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: photosynthesizing prokaryotic organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: dissolved iron in the oceans,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ultraviolet blocking stratospheric ozone layer.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3000 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anaerobic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: atmospheric oxygen

text: Antarctica (US English , UK English  or ) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At , it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages  in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

text: Antarctica (US English , UK English  or ) is

text: Earth

text: 's southernmost

text: continent

text: . It contains the geographic

text: South Pole

text: and is situated in the

text: Antarctic

text: region of the

text: Southern Hemisphere

text: , almost entirely south of the

text: Antarctic Circle

text: , and is surrounded by the

text: Southern Ocean

text: . At , it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of

text: Australia

text: . About 98% of Antarctica is covered by

text: ice

text: that averages  in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the

text: Antarctic Peninsula

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Antarctica contains the geographic South Pole

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It contains the geographic South Pole

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Antarctica first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It contains the geographic South Pole

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many continents does Antarctica contain?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: South Pole

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Southern Ocean.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Antarctic Circle,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Southern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Antarctic Circle,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Antarctic Circle,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ice

text: Vaalbara was an Archean supercontinent that consisted of the Kaapvaal craton, today located in eastern South Africa, and the Pilbara craton, today found in north-western Western Australia. Vaalbara was named by  who derived the name from the last four letters of each craton's name.  The two cratons are made of 3.6±2.7 Ga-old crust, making Vaalbara the oldest supercontinent on Earth.

text: Vaalbara was an

text: Archean

text: supercontinent

text: that consisted of the

text: Kaapvaal craton

text: , today located in eastern South Africa, and the

text: Pilbara craton

text: , today found in north-western Western Australia. Vaalbara was named by  who derived the name from the last four letters of each craton's name.  The two cratons are made of 3.6±2.7 Ga-old crust, making Vaalbara the oldest supercontinent on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.6 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 3.6 2.7 Ga-old crust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Vaalbara is the oldest supercontinent on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was Vaalbara?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Vaalbara?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Earth been a supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many cratons are made of 3.6 2.7 Ga-old crust?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Ga-old crust

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Vaalbara was an Archean supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 3.6

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: making Vaalbara the oldest supercontinent on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Vaalbara was an Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Vaalbara the oldest supercontinent on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.6

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old crust,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Vaalbara was an Archean supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old crust,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2.7 Ga-old crust, making Vaalbara the oldest supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old crust,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old crust,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 3.6<unk>2.7 Ga-old crust,

text: There is, however, a complication that increases the volume of air that needs to be inhaled per minute (respiratory minute volume) to provide the same amount of oxygen to the lungs at altitude as at sea level. During inhalation the air is warmed and saturated with water vapor during its passage through the nose and pharynx. Saturated water vapor pressure is dependent only on temperature. At a body core temperature of 37 °C  it is 6.3 kPa (47.0 mmHg), irrespective of any other influences, including altitude. Thus at sea level, where the ambient atmospheric pressure is about 100 kPa, the moistened air that flows into the lungs from the trachea consists of water vapor (6.3 kPa), nitrogen (74.0 kPa), oxygen (19.7 kPa) and trace amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases (a total of 100 kPa). In dry air the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level is 21.0 kPa, compared to the 19.7 kPa of oxygen entering the alveolar air. (The tracheal partial pressure of oxygen (19.7 kPa) is 21% of [100 kPa - 6.3 kPa]).  At the summit of Mt. Everest (at an altitude of 8,848 m or 29,029 ft) the total atmospheric pressure is 33.7 kPa, of which 7.1 kPa, or 21%, is oxygen. The air entering the lungs also has a total pressure of 33.7 kPa, of which 6.3 kPa is, unavoidably, water vapor (as it is at sea level). This reduces the partial pressure of oxygen entering the alveoli to 5.8 kPa,  or 21% of [33.7 kPa – 6.3 kPa = 27.4 kPa]. The reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air is therefore substantially greater than the reduction of the total atmospheric pressure at altitude would suggest (on Mt Everest: 5.8 kPa vs. 7.1 kPa).

text: There is, however, a complication that increases the volume of air that needs to be inhaled per minute (

text: respiratory minute volume

text: ) to provide the same amount of oxygen to the lungs at altitude as at sea level. During inhalation the air is warmed and saturated with water vapor during its passage through the nose and

text: pharynx

text: Saturated water vapor pressure

text: is dependent only on temperature. At a body core temperature of 37 °C  it is 6.3 kPa (47.0 mmHg), irrespective of any other influences, including altitude. Thus at sea level, where the ambient atmospheric pressure is about 100 kPa, the moistened air that flows into the lungs from the

text: trachea

text: consists of water vapor (6.3 kPa), nitrogen (74.0 kPa), oxygen (19.7 kPa) and trace amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases (a total of 100 kPa). In dry air the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level is 21.0 kPa, compared to the 19.7 kPa of oxygen entering the alveolar air. (The tracheal partial pressure of oxygen (19.7 kPa) is 21% of [100 kPa - 6.3 kPa]).  At the summit of

text: Mt. Everest

text: (at an altitude of 8,848 m or 29,029 ft) the total

text: atmospheric pressure is 33.7 kPa, of which 7.1 kPa, or 21%, is oxygen

text: . The air entering the lungs also has a total pressure of 33.7 kPa, of which 6.3 kPa is, unavoidably, water vapor (as it is at sea level). This reduces the partial pressure of oxygen entering the alveoli to 5.8 kPa,  or 21% of [33.7 kPa – 6.3 kPa = 27.4 kPa]. The reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air is therefore substantially greater than the reduction of the total atmospheric pressure at altitude would suggest (on Mt Everest: 5.8 kPa vs. 7.1 kPa).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Oceania

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100 kPa

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: at sea level

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: At a body core temperature of 37 °C it is 6.3 kPa (47.0 mmHg)

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are the earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 kPa

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: alveoli

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nucleic acids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continents on earth were very large compared with those today

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: (the tracheal partial pressure of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide and other gases

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 7.1 kPa, or 21%, is oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 7.1 kPa, or 21%, is oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: total atmospheric pressure at altitude

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: alveolar air.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: total atmospheric pressure at altitude

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 27.4 kPa].

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 19.7 kPa of oxygen entering the alveolar air.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 21.0 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 27.4 kPa].

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 19.7 kPa of oxygen entering the alveolar air.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 19.7 kPa

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 27.4 kPa].

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 5.8 kPa,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 5.8

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: 19.7 kPa of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: inhalation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 7.1 kPa, or 21%, is oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: 19.7 kPa

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

text: Erich von Däniken is a controversial Swiss author who wrote books and made documentaries on the influence of extraterrestrials in Earth's ancient past. Von Däniken has written twenty-six books on his extraterrestrial theory and has sold sixty-three million copies worldwide. He is a major proponent of the idea of "ancient astronauts". This theory states that aliens are responsible for most of the ancient civilizations on Earth. Von Däniken explains that myths, arts,and social organizations of ancient cultures were introduced by aliens from another world. He believes that prehistoric humans learned their arts and technologies directly from complex aliens coming to earth from outer space.  A very controversial topic that von Däniken has been questioned about is his idea that ancient humans did not have the memory, culture, and ability to be as civilized as the ancient civilizations in fact were. He believed that in order to come up with the technology and culture that took place in the ancient past, it must be directly attributed to more intelligent alien life-forms coming to earth. He argues that because ancient people did not have the capability to be such complex beings, civilizations learned their ways from extraterrestrials. Erich von Däniken founded the theme park "Mystery Park" in November 2005 with the same extraterrestrial themes he had published in his novels.

text: Erich von Däniken is a controversial Swiss author who wrote books and made documentaries on the influence of extraterrestrials in Earth's ancient past. Von Däniken has written twenty-six books on his extraterrestrial theory and has sold sixty-three million copies worldwide. He is a major proponent of the idea of "

text: ancient astronauts

text: ". This theory states that aliens are responsible for most of the ancient civilizations on Earth. Von Däniken explains that myths, arts,and social organizations of ancient cultures were introduced by aliens from another world. He believes that prehistoric humans learned their arts and technologies directly from complex aliens coming to earth from outer space.  A very controversial topic that von Däniken has been questioned about is his idea that ancient humans did not have the memory, culture, and ability to be as civilized as the ancient civilizations in fact were. He believed that in order to come up with the technology and culture that took place in the ancient past, it must be directly attributed to more intelligent alien life-forms coming to earth. He argues that because ancient people did not have the capability to be such complex beings, civilizations learned their ways from extraterrestrials. Erich von Däniken founded the theme park "Mystery Park" in November 2005 with the same extraterrestrial themes he had published in his novels.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: what?

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Von Däniken believes that prehistoric humans learned their arts and technologies directly from complex aliens coming to earth from outer space

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many books has Erich von Däniken written?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Erich von Däniken has written twenty-six books on his extraterrestrial theory

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Erich von Däniken's theory is correct

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many books has Erich von Däniken written?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Erich von Däniken born?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many books has Erich von Däniken written?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many books has Erich von Däniken written?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: memory

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's ancient past.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: memory, culture, and ability to be as civilized

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: civilizations learned their ways from extraterrestrials.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: extraterrestrials

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: alien

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient past.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prehistoric humans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: outer space.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: outer space.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "ancient astronauts".

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: memory,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: myths, arts,and social organizations

text: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Functions

text: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Functions

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Functions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on its axis.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The first supercontinent was Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is an example of fast mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Which of the following best describes the formation of continental crust on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What is the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: What are the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: In which part of a book would you find this information?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ribosome

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cellular Compartments

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Organization, Dynamics and Functions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: A. Cellular Compartments

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cellular Compartments

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes

text: Yereh (Chuvash: Йерех) is a female spirit in Turkic mythology, which recently came to be regarded as a "Turkic goddess" with a function of "hearth mother", protectoress of the home. It is akin of Yer iyesi. The word originates in the Pre-Christian Chuvash mythology but in the modern usage it has only one meaning. The confusion in the name's Etymology owes to the fact that a Turkic word Yer means land or earth, while the word Yerleşmek is a verb that means to locate. Early in the 20th century Yereh combined a prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth. Today she is identified as a combination of the "hearth-mother" (associated with the guardianship of the nation itself) and the earth mother.

text: Yereh (Chuvash: Йерех) is a female spirit in

text: Turkic mythology

text: , which recently came to be regarded as a "Turkic goddess" with a function of "hearth mother", protectoress of the home. It is akin of Yer iyesi. The word originates in the Pre-Christian

text: Chuvash

text: mythology but in the modern usage it has only one meaning. The confusion in the name's

text: Etymology

text: owes to the fact that a Turkic word Yer means land or earth, while the word Yerleşmek is a verb that means to locate. Early in the 20th century Yereh combined a prehistoric

text: Scythian

text: earth-goddess and Mother Earth. Today she is identified as a combination of the "hearth-mother" (associated with the guardianship of the nation itself) and the earth mother.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Yer

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a function of "hearth mother"

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The word originates in the Pre-Christian Chuvash mythology but in the modern usage it has only one meaning

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Yereh combine a prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Yer?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did the Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Yer

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Today she is identified as a combination of the "hearth-mother"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: prehistoric Scythian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Yereh

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: prehistoric Scythian earth-goddess and Mother Earth.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Scythian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Yerleşmek

text: UNAVCO operates the Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network (COCONet)[1], which consists of 50 planned continuously operating GPS/weather stations integrated with 65 existing GPS stations operated by partner organizations, 15 of which will be upgraded with new equipment. COCONet provides free, high-quality, open-format GPS and meteorological data for these stations via the internet for use by scientists, government agencies, educators, students, and the private sector. These data are used by local and foreign researchers to study solid earth processes such as tectonic plate motions, tectonic plate boundary interaction and deformation, including earthquake cycle processes and risks. They also serve atmospheric scientists and weather forecasting groups by providing more precise estimates of tropospheric water vapor and enabling better forecasting of the dynamics of airborne moisture associated with the yearly Caribbean hurricane cycle.

text: UNAVCO operates the Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network (COCONet)[1], which consists of 50 planned continuously operating GPS/weather stations integrated with 65 existing GPS stations operated by partner organizations, 15 of which will be upgraded with new equipment. COCONet provides free, high-quality, open-format GPS and meteorological data for these stations via the internet for use by scientists, government agencies, educators, students, and the private sector. These data are used by local and foreign researchers to study solid earth processes such as tectonic plate motions, tectonic plate boundary interaction and deformation, including earthquake cycle processes and risks. They also serve atmospheric scientists and weather forecasting groups by providing more precise estimates of tropospheric water vapor and enabling better forecasting of the dynamics of airborne moisture associated with the yearly Caribbean hurricane cycle.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid earth processes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: COCONet

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: COCONet

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 15 of which will be upgraded with new equipment

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plate boundary interaction

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: COCONet

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plate motions

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What type of data does COCONet provide?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe COCONet?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: troposphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 15 of which will be upgraded with new equipment.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: (COCONet)[1],

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: solid earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic plate motions,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solid earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: solid earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solid earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tropospheric water vapor

text: CO line intensities are calibrated using the room-temperature chopper-wheel method and the two-layer atmosphere model of Kutner (1978). At the CO signal frequency the atmospheric opacity is appreciable, mostly due to molecular oxygen and water vapor, and corrections to the observed line intensities for signal attenuation must be applied. Kutner's two-layer model of the atmosphere parameterizes the elevation dependence of the correction factor in terms of only 3 parameters, each of which has a physical interpretation. Because oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor, the model assumes they can be considered separate layers, oxygen above water, with different characteristic temperatures and opacities. The temperature and opacity of oxygen in the upper atmosphere do not vary much seasonally and are assumed to be constant at 255 K and 0.378, respectively, at the signal frequency. The remaining parameters in the model, the temperature and opacity of water and the fraction of the received power from the sky, are determined through antenna tippings (measurements of the intensity of the sky signal as a function of elevation) at least once per six-hour observing shift, and more frequently if the weather is changing. Typical zenith water opacities ranged from 0.10 to 0.15, with values as low as about 0.05 in the coldest, driest weather. A 1-second calibration is performed at the start of each scan to correct for short term variations of the receiver gain and atmospheric opacity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Kutner (1978)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Typical zenith water opacities ranged from 0.10 to 0.15, with values as low as about 0.05 in the coldest, driest weather

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Kutner (1978)

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are assumed to be constant at 255

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: CO line intensities are calibrated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Kutner

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Kutner

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of the Precambrian Era?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: opacity

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen above water,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: room-temperature chopper-wheel method

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Because oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: two-layer atmosphere model of Kutner (1978).

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: two-layer atmosphere model of Kutner (1978).

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: once per six-hour observing shift,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen has a much greater scale height than water vapor,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen above water, with different characteristic temperatures and opacities.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: two-layer atmosphere model of Kutner (1978).

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 0.10 to 0.15,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecular oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Jeong Yim's 張炎 successor Chan Ngau-Sing 陳吽盛,(1864–1926) stated that the author Nim Fut San Yen created a popular fictional story (Wǔxiá) written during the period to increase the awareness of Choy Li Fut and anti-Qing revolutionary activities. This story was called, Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.  Chan Ngau-Sing 陳吽盛 knew the author Nim Fut San Yen personally. Such stories have no basis in historical fact. Popular Wǔxiá novels like Wan Nian Qing and the mythology of anti-Qing organizations such as the Heaven and Earth Society, were spreading wildly through China since the early 19th century.

text: Jeong Yim's 張炎 successor Chan Ngau-Sing 陳吽盛,(1864–1926) stated that the author Nim Fut San Yen created a popular fictional story (

text: Wǔxiá

text: ) written during the period to increase the awareness of Choy Li Fut and anti-Qing revolutionary activities. This story was called, Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.  Chan Ngau-Sing 陳吽盛 knew the author Nim Fut San Yen personally. Such stories have no basis in historical fact. Popular

text: Wǔxiá

text: novels like Wan Nian Qing and the mythology of anti-Qing organizations such as the Heaven and Earth Society, were spreading wildly through China since the early 19th century.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth Society

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: such stories have no basis in historical fact

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 19th century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: did Chan Ngau-Sing know the author Nim Fut San Yen personally

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth Society

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: China

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 19th century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Heaven and Earth Society,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Jeong Yim's <unk> successor Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jeong Yim's <unk> successor Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 19th century.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Jeong Yim's <unk> successor Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Jeong Yim's <unk> successor Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jeong Yim's <unk> successor Chan Ngau-Sing

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Such stories have no basis in historical fact.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Fut San Hung Sing Kwoon.

text: In the early 1990s, the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by three Indigenous-based organizations. These organizations and leaders were Tom B.K. Goldtooth, Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke, Indigenous Women's Network (IWN)and Christopher Peters, 7th Generation Fund (SGF). Nilak Butler (deceased), member of IEN and IWN also assisted in the development of this UNPLUG Campaign during the 1990s in her capacity as an Indigenous staff organizer within the Indigenous Nuclear Free Campaign of U.S. Greenpeace. Periodically throughout the 1990s and 2000s the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by these organizations, expanding to include other organizations such as Honor The Earth and White Earth Land Recovery Project. There is no ownership of the concept of this campaign. It is has been the principle of IEN, IWN and SGF for people of the United States, Canada, other industrialized countries and of the world to adopt this campaign.

text: In the early 1990s, the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by three Indigenous-based organizations. These organizations and leaders were

text: Tom B.K. Goldtooth

text: Indigenous Environmental Network

text: (IEN);

text: Winona LaDuke

text: , Indigenous Women's Network (IWN)and Christopher Peters, 7th Generation Fund (SGF). Nilak Butler (deceased), member of IEN and IWN also assisted in the development of this UNPLUG Campaign during the 1990s in her capacity as an Indigenous staff organizer within the Indigenous Nuclear Free Campaign of U.S. Greenpeace. Periodically throughout the 1990s and 2000s the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by these organizations, expanding to include other organizations such as Honor The Earth and White Earth Land Recovery Project. There is no ownership of the concept of this campaign. It is has been the principle of IEN, IWN and SGF for people of the United States, Canada, other industrialized countries and of the world to adopt this campaign.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Indigenous Women's Network (IWN) and Christopher Peters

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There is no ownership of the concept of this campaign

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have been the principle of IEN, IWN

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Indigenous

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: what is the second to last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign initiated?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign begin?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many organizations did the UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign include?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of the Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 7th Generation Fund

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Indigenous-based

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1990s,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Nuclear

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There is no ownership of the concept of this campaign.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Indigenous-based

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Tom B.K. Goldtooth, Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN);

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 7th Generation Fund

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: In the early 1990s, the UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the early 1990s,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by three Indigenous-based organizations.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: UNPLUG from Mother Earth Campaign was initiated by three Indigenous-based organizations.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN); Winona LaDuke,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Nuclear

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Nuclear

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nuclear Free

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Nuclear Free

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Nuclear Free Campaign

text: About 1,100–1,000 Ma Ur joined the continents Nena and Atlantica to form the supercontinent Rodinia.<ref name></ref>  In the reconstruction of  Ur remained the nucleus of East Gondwana until the break-up of Gondwana.  In other reconstruction, however, India and East Antarctica did not collide until Rodinia formed 1,000 Ma.  Furthermore, in the Early Archaean Earth's mantle was 200 °C hotter than today and many characteristics of modern tectonics, such as ophiolites, blueschists, lawsonite-bearing eclogites, and ultra-high-pressure rocks, did not exist or were rare.  This makes most proposed Archaean supercontinents controversial, including Rogers's 3 Ga supercontinent.

text: About 1,100–1,000 Ma Ur joined the continents

text: Nena

text: and

text: Atlantica

text: to form the supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: .<ref name></ref>  In the reconstruction of  Ur remained the nucleus of East

text: Gondwana

text: until the break-up of Gondwana.  In other reconstruction, however, India and East Antarctica did not collide until Rodinia formed 1,000 Ma.  Furthermore, in the Early Archaean Earth's mantle was 200 °C hotter than today and many characteristics of modern tectonics, such as

text: ophiolite

text: s,

text: blueschist

text: s,

text: lawsonite

text: -bearing

text: eclogite

text: s, and

text: ultra-high-pressure rocks

text: , did not exist or were rare.  This makes most proposed Archaean supercontinents controversial, including Rogers's 3 Ga supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 200 °C

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 1,100–1,000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 200 °C hotter than today

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: India and East Antarctica did not collide until Rodinia formed 1,000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ophiolites

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not exist or were rare

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's mantle is heated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ophiolites

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Rodinia form?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did Rodinia have?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Rodinia exist?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: did not exist or were rare

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Ur joined the continents Nena and Atlantica did Rodinia form?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: in the Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: lawsonite

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lawsonite

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ur

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1,100–1,000 Ma Ur

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 200 °C hotter than today

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: India and East Antarctica did not collide

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1,100–1,000 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ophiolites,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ophiolites, blueschists,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ur remained the nucleus of East Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 200 °C hotter than today

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the nucleus of East Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth's mantle was 200 °C hotter

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Archaean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Ur remained the nucleus of East Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: break-up of Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lawsonite-bearing

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ophiolites,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lawsonite-bearing

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ophiolites, blueschists,

text: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System, in English, Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity. The name Earth derives from the eighth century Anglo-Saxon word erda, which means ground or soil. It became eorthe later, and then erthe in Middle English. These words are all cognates of Jörð, the name of the giantess of Norse myth. Earth was first used as the name of the sphere of the Earth in the early fifteenth century. The planet's name in Latin, used academically and scientifically in the West during the Renaissance, is the same as that of Terra Mater, the Roman goddess, which translates to English as Mother Earth.

text: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System, in English, Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity. The name Earth derives from the eighth century

text: Anglo-Saxon

text: word erda, which means ground or soil. It became eorthe later, and then erthe in

text: Middle English

text: . These words are all

text: cognate

text: s of

text: Jörð

text: , the name of the

text: giantess

text: of Norse myth. Earth was first used as the name of the sphere of the Earth in the early fifteenth century. The planet's name in Latin, used academically and scientifically in the West during the

text: Renaissance

text: , is the same as that of

text: Terra Mater

text: , the Roman goddess, which translates to English as

text: Mother Earth

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ground or soil

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: erda, which means ground or soil

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: erda

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: erda, which means ground or soil

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: erda

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ground or soil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, Prokaryoes or Eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: did not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the name of the sphere of the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: erda

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: soil.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: eighth century Anglo-Saxon word erda,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: fifteenth century.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Terra Mater,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth does not directly share a name with an ancient Roman deity.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: soil.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Unlike the other planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: planets in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: soil.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: soil.

text: The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was a chemical experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of life under those conditions. The experiment confirmed Alexander Oparin's and J. B. S. Haldane's hypothesis that putative conditions on the primitive Earth favoured chemical reactions that synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic precursors. Considered to be the classic experiment investigating abiogenesis, it was conducted in 1952 by Stanley Miller, with assistance from Harold Urey, at the University of Chicago and later the University of California, San Diego and published the following year.

text: The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was a chemical

text: experiment

text: that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the

text: early Earth

text: , and tested the

text: chemical origin of life

text: under those conditions. The experiment confirmed

text: Alexander Oparin

text: 's and

text: J. B. S. Haldane

text: 's hypothesis that putative conditions on the primitive Earth favoured chemical reactions that synthesized more complex

text: organic compound

text: s from simpler inorganic precursors. Considered to be the classic experiment investigating

text: abiogenesis

text: , it was conducted in 1952 by

text: Stanley Miller

text: , with assistance from

text: Harold Urey

text: , at the

text: University of Chicago

text: and later the

text: University of California, San Diego

text: and published the following year.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic precursors

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: abiogenesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The experiment confirmed Alexander Oparin's and J. B. S. Haldane's hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: inorganic precursors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: abiogenesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the chemical origin of life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: abiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: simpler inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: abiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemical reactions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: abiogenesis,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic precursors.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic compounds

text: It is considered to be marginally possible to launch a single-stage-to-orbit chemically-fueled spacecraft from Earth. The principal complicating factors for SSTO from Earth are: high orbital velocity of over ; the need to overcome Earth's gravity, especially in the early stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance.

text: It is considered to be marginally possible to launch a single-stage-to-orbit

text: chemically-fueled

text: spacecraft from Earth. The principal complicating factors for SSTO from Earth are: high orbital velocity of over ; the need to overcome Earth's gravity, especially in the early stages of flight; and flight within

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: need to overcome Earth's gravity

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's gravity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The principal complicating factors for SSTO from Earth are: high orbital velocity of over

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's gravity

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravity is overcome

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is considered to be marginally possible to launch a chemically-fueled spacecraft from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chemically-fueled spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the need to overcome Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: over

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: over ; the need to overcome Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth's gravity,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemically-fueled spacecraft from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemically-fueled spacecraft from Earth.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: chemically-fueled spacecraft from Earth.

text: In the Cambrian period, the continent of Laurentia, which would later become North America, sat on the equator, with three bordering oceans: the Panthalassic Ocean to the north and west, the Iapetus Ocean to the south and the Khanty Ocean to the east. In the Earliest Ordovician, around 480 Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia – a landmass incorporating fragments of what would become eastern Newfoundland, the southern British Isles, and parts of Belgium, northern France, Nova Scotia, New England, Iberia and northwest Africa – broke free from Gondwana and began its journey to Laurentia. Baltica, Laurentia, and Avalonia all came together by the end of the Ordovician to form a minor supercontinent called Euramerica or Laurussia, closing the Iapetus Ocean. The collision also resulted in the formation of the northern Appalachians. Siberia sat near Euramerica, with the Khanty Ocean between the two continents. While all this was happening, Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole. This was the first step of the formation of Pangaea.

text: In the

text: Cambrian

text: period, the continent of

text: Laurentia

text: , which would later become

text: North America

text: , sat on the

text: equator

text: , with three bordering oceans: the

text: Panthalassic Ocean

text: to the north and west, the

text: Iapetus Ocean

text: to the south and the

text: Khanty Ocean

text: to the east. In the Earliest

text: Ordovician

text: , around 480 Ma, the microcontinent of

text: Avalonia

text: – a landmass incorporating fragments of what would become eastern

text: Newfoundland

text: , the southern

text: British Isles

text: , and parts of

text: Belgium

text: , northern

text: France

text: Nova Scotia

text: New England

text: Iberia

text: and northwest Africa – broke free from Gondwana and began its journey to

text: Laurentia

text: . Baltica, Laurentia, and Avalonia all came together by the end of the Ordovician to form a minor supercontinent called

text: Euramerica

text: or Laurussia, closing the Iapetus Ocean. The collision also resulted in the formation of the northern

text: Appalachians

text: Siberia

text: sat near Euramerica, with the

text: Khanty Ocean

text: between the two continents. While all this was happening, Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole. This was the first step of the formation of Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Panthalassic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 480 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 480 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: three oceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the northern Appalachians sat near Euramerica, with the Khanty Ocean between the two continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 480 Ma

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the Cambrian period

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 480 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many oceans did Laurentia have?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many oceans did Laurentia have?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 480 Ma

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian period

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Euramerica or Laurussia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: end of the Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 480 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: three bordering oceans:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sat on the equator,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 480 Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 480 Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 480 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 480 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 480 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Laurentia,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 480 Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 480 Ma, the microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: microcontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microcontinent of Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole.

text: :This article describes techniques; for a history of the movement of tectonic plates, see Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction is the process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates relative to each other (relative motion) or to other reference frames, such as the earth's magnetic field or groups of hotspots, in the geological past. This helps determine the shape and make-up of ancient supercontinents and provides a basis for paleogeographic reconstructions.

text: :This article describes techniques; for a history of the movement of tectonic plates, see

text: Geological history of Earth

text: .Plate reconstruction is the process of reconstructing the positions of

text: tectonic plates

text: relative to each other (relative motion) or to other reference frames, such as the

text: earth

text: 's

text: magnetic field

text: or groups of

text: hotspots

text: , in the geological past. This helps determine the shape and make-up of ancient

text: supercontinent

text: s and provides a basis for

text: paleogeographic

text: reconstructions.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Geological history of Earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleoecology is the study of the history of life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This helps determine the shape and make-up of ancient supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleoecology is the study of the evolution of organisms on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The earliest organisms to photosynthesize were eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryotes are the most common class of eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia was the first supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How fast was mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nucleic acids in living things include what?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea was the first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Tectonic plate reconstructions have been used to reconstruct the geological history of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ozone deposition is the process by which the oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere became ozone. Ozone deposition is the process by which the oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere became ozone.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The first photosynthetic organisms were most like modern E. coli.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Prokaryotes are the oldest organisms on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Phytoplankton

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Oxygen fixation is the process of adding oxygen to Earth's early atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Glucose

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: (relative motion) or to other reference frames,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This helps determine the shape and make-up of ancient supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ancient supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: :This

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: tectonic plates, see Geological history of Earth.Plate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hotspots,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: tectonic plates,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Geological history of Earth.Plate reconstruction

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hotspots,

text: Physiologist Jared Diamond was inspired to write his Pulitzer Prize-winning work Guns, Germs, and Steel by a question posed by Yali, a New Guinean politician: why were Europeans so much wealthier than his people? In this book, Diamond argues that the Europe-Asia land mass is particularly favorable for the transition of societies from hunter-gatherer to farming communities. This continent stretches much further along the same lines of latitude than any of the other continents. Since it is much easier to transfer a domesticated species along the same latitude than it is to move it to a warmer or colder climate, any species developed at a particular latitude will be transferred across the continent in a relatively short amount of time. Thus the inhabitants of the Eurasian continent have had a built-in advantage in terms of earlier development of farming, and a greater range of plants and animals from which to choose.

text: Physiologist

text: Jared Diamond

text: was inspired to write his

text: Pulitzer Prize

text: -winning work

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel

text: by a question posed by

text: Yali

text: , a

text: New Guinea

text: n politician: why were Europeans so much wealthier than his people? In this book, Diamond argues that the

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: land mass is particularly favorable for the transition of societies from

text: hunter-gatherer

text: to farming communities. This continent stretches much further along the same lines of latitude than any of the other continents. Since it is much easier to transfer a domesticated species along the same latitude than it is to move it to a warmer or colder climate, any species developed at a particular latitude will be transferred across the continent in a relatively short amount of time. Thus the inhabitants of the Eurasian continent have had a built-in advantage in terms of earlier development of farming, and a greater range of plants and animals from which to choose.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: stretches much further along the same lines of latitude

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a warmer or colder climate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Europe-Asia land mass is particularly favorable for the transition of societies from hunter-gatherer to farming communities

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: hunters-gatherers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Any species developed at a particular latitude will be transferred across the continent

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: a greater range of plants and animals from which to choose.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hunter-gatherer

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Europe-Asia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transfer a domesticated species along the same latitude

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the inhabitants of the Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: any species developed at a particular latitude

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: species developed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a relatively short amount of time.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: any species developed at a particular latitude

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Eurasian continent

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: farming,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: hunter-gatherer

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Germs,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Germs,

text: The evolution of Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere has long been linked to the supercontinent cycle, through which the Earth’s continental crust undergoes a periodic cycle of aggregation and dispersal. The period of the Boring Billion is characterized by the evolution of two different supercontinents: Columbia and Rodinia. The supercontinent Columbia amalgamated between 2.0 to 1.7 Ga and remained as a quasi-integral continental lid until at least 1.3 Ga. Several breakup attempts were unsuccessful. Geological and paleomagnetic evidence suggest that Columbia underwent only minor changes to form the supercontinent Rodinia during the period from 1.1 to 0.9 Ga. Paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that the supercontinent assemblage was located in equatorial and temperate climate zones throughout the intervening time frame; there is little or no evidence for continental fragments in polar latitudes. A consequence of the limited breakup history is the lack of passive margins during the time period from 1.8 to 0.8 Ga. This stable configuration provides the primary constraint on the environmental stasis that characterizes the oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. The breakup of Rodinia at approximately 0.75 Ga is considered the end of Earth’s Boring Billion. It should be noted that numerous reconstructions of Columbia’s paleogeography exist and consensus has yet to be reached. Evaluating the evidence of paleo poles and continent location becomes increasingly more difficult as deposits get older and relevant rock units show increasing levels of deformation and fragmentation.

text: The evolution of Earth’s

text: biosphere

text: , atmosphere and

text: hydrosphere

text: has long been linked to the

text: supercontinent cycle

text: , through which the Earth’s

text: continental crust

text: undergoes a periodic cycle of aggregation and dispersal. The period of the Boring Billion is characterized by the evolution of two different supercontinents:

text: Columbia

text: and

text: Rodinia

text: . The supercontinent Columbia

text: amalgamated

text: between 2.0 to 1.7 Ga and remained as a quasi-integral continental lid until at least 1.3 Ga. Several breakup attempts were unsuccessful.

text: Geological

text: and

text: paleomagnetic

text: evidence suggest that Columbia underwent only minor changes to form the supercontinent Rodinia during the period from 1.1 to 0.9 Ga.

text: Paleogeographic

text: reconstructions suggest that the supercontinent assemblage was located in

text: equator

text: ial and

text: temperate

text: climate zones throughout the intervening time frame; there is little or no evidence for continental fragments in

text: polar

text: latitudes. A consequence of the limited breakup history is the lack of

text: passive margin

text: s during the time period from 1.8 to 0.8 Ga. This stable configuration provides the primary constraint on the environmental stasis that characterizes the oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. The breakup of Rodinia at approximately 0.75 Ga is considered the end of Earth’s Boring Billion. It should be noted that numerous reconstructions of Columbia’s paleogeography exist and consensus has yet to be reached. Evaluating the evidence of paleo poles and continent location becomes increasingly more difficult as deposits get older and relevant rock units show increasing levels of deformation and fragmentation.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.0 to 1.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1.8 to 0.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Columbia and Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: there is little or no evidence for continental fragments in polar latitudes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1.8 to 0.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1.8 to 0.8 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s continental crust undergoes a periodic cycle of aggregation

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.75 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many billion years ago was Rodinia formed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: equatorial and temperate climate zones

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.0 to 1.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: little or no evidence for continental fragments in polar latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: aggregation and dispersal.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Several breakup attempts were unsuccessful.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supercontinent cycle,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: equatorial and temperate climate zones

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: aggregation and dispersal.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1.3 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: equatorial and temperate climate zones

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The evolution of Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Columbia and Rodinia. The supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The evolution of Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: little or no evidence for continental fragments in polar latitudes.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Columbia and Rodinia. The supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The evolution of Earth’s biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: supercontinent cycle,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Boring Billion

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 0.75 Ga is considered the end of Earth’s Boring Billion.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 0.75 Ga is considered the end of Earth’s Boring Billion.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The evolution of Earth’s biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: aggregation and dispersal.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: aggregation and dispersal.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: atmosphere and hydrosphere

text: By the beginning of the Archean, the Earth had cooled significantly. Present life forms could not have survived at Earth's surface, because the Archean atmosphere lacked oxygen hence had no ozone layer to block ultraviolet light. Nevertheless, it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean, with candidate fossils dated to around 3.5 Ga. Some scientists even speculate that life could have begun during the early Hadean, as far back as 4.4 Ga, surviving the possible Late Heavy Bombardment period in hydrothermal vents below the Earth's surface.

text: By the beginning of the Archean, the Earth had cooled significantly. Present life forms could not have survived at Earth's surface, because the Archean atmosphere lacked

text: oxygen

text: hence had no

text: ozone layer

text: to block ultraviolet light. Nevertheless, it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean, with candidate

text: fossil

text: s dated to around 3.5 Ga. Some scientists even speculate that life could have begun during the early Hadean, as far back as 4.4 Ga, surviving the possible Late Heavy Bombardment period in

text: hydrothermal vents

text: below the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.3 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: no ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: present life forms could not have survived at Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.3 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's surface cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: primordial life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 4.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 4.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.5 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Archean atmosphere lacked oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ultraviolet light.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: it is believed that primordial life began to evolve by the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: primordial life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: By the beginning of the Archean,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.5 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.5 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Some scientists even speculate that life could have begun during the early Hadean,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone layer to block ultraviolet light.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Present life forms could not have survived

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: primordial life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Oxygen is present as compounds in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide () and oxides of nitrogen (NO). The earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon (silica , found in granite and sand), aluminium (aluminium oxide , in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron (III) oxide , in hematite and rust) and other oxides of metals.

text: Oxygen is present as compounds in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of

text: carbon dioxide

text: () and

text: oxides of nitrogen

text: (NO). The

text: earth's crust

text: al

text: rock

text: is composed in large part of oxides of

text: silicon

text: silica

text: , found in

text: granite

text: and

text: sand

text: aluminium

text: aluminium oxide

text: , in

text: bauxite

text: and

text: corundum

text: iron

text: iron (III) oxide

text: , in

text: hematite

text: and

text: rust

text: ) and other oxides of

text: metal

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: silicon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Oxygen is present as compounds

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of metals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not found in the earth's crustal rock

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is not a type of cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why is oxygen present as compounds in the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not present in trace quantities in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxides of silicon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxygen is present as compounds in the atmosphere in trace quantities

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The earth's crustal rock

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: (iron (III) oxide, in hematite and rust)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxides of nitrogen (NO).

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Oxygen

text: In nature, free oxygen is produced by the light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis. According to some estimates, green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth, and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. Other estimates of the oceanic contribution to atmospheric oxygen are higher, while some estimates are lower, suggesting oceans produce ~45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year.

text: In nature, free oxygen is produced by the

text: light-driven splitting

text: of water during oxygenic

text: photosynthesis

text: . According to some estimates,

text: green algae

text: and

text: cyanobacteria

text: in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth, and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. Other estimates of the oceanic contribution to atmospheric oxygen are higher, while some estimates are lower, suggesting oceans produce ~45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oceans produce  45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: light-driven splitting of water occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: green algae

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: green algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterium

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oceans produce <unk>45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: green algae and cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: free oxygen

text: The Acadian orogeny is a long-lasting mountain building event which began in the Middle Devonian, reaching a climax in the early Late Devonian.  It was active for approximately 50 million years, beginning roughly around 375 million years ago, with deformational, plutonic, and metamorphic events extending into the Early Mississippian.  The Acadian orogeny is the third of the four orogenies that created the Appalachian orogen and subsequent basin.  The preceding orogenies consisted of the Potomac and Taconic orogeny, which followed a rift/drift stage in the Late Neoproterozoic.  The Acadian orogeny involved the collision of a series of Avalonian continental fragments with the Laurasian continent.  Geographically, the Acadian orogen extended from the Canadian Maritime provinces migrating in a southwesterly direction toward Alabama.  However, the Northern Appalachian region, from New England northeastern ward into Gaspé region of Canada, was the most greatly affected region by the collision.

text: The Acadian orogeny is a long-lasting

text: mountain

text: building event which began in the Middle

text: Devonian

text: , reaching a climax in the early Late

text: Devonian

text: .  It was active for approximately 50 million years, beginning roughly around 375 million years ago, with deformational,

text: plutonic

text: , and

text: metamorphic

text: events extending into the Early

text: Mississippian

text: .  The Acadian orogeny is the third of the four orogenies that created the

text: Appalachian

text: orogen

text: and subsequent basin.  The preceding orogenies consisted of the Potomac and

text: Taconic orogeny

text: , which followed a rift/drift stage in the Late

text: Neoproterozoic

text: .  The Acadian orogeny involved the collision of a series of

text: Avalonia

text: n continental fragments with the

text: Laurasia

text: n continent.  Geographically, the Acadian orogen extended from the Canadian Maritime provinces migrating in a southwesterly direction toward Alabama.  However, the Northern Appalachian region, from New England northeastern ward into

text: Gaspé

text: region of Canada, was the most greatly affected region by the collision.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many orogenies did the Acadian orogeny have?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Acadian orogeny is the third of the four orogenies that created the Appalachian orogen and subsequent basin

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Late Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Avalonian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It was active for approximately 50 million years, beginning roughly around 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 375 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the Acadian orogeny last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Acadian orogeny begin?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did the Acadian orogeny involve?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many orogenies did the Appalachian orogen have?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years ago did the Acadian orogeny begin?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plutonic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Avalonian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Mississippian.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Acadian orogeny

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metamorphic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Acadian orogen extended from the Canadian Maritime provinces

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Mississippian.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collision of a series of Avalonian continental fragments

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 375 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Potomac and Taconic orogeny,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Avalonian continental fragments with the Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 375 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 50 million years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 375 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Avalonian continental fragments with the Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Laurasian

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Acadian orogeny

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Late Neoproterozoic.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Devonian.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: collision of a series of Avalonian continental fragments

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Late Devonian.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Avalonian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Middle Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: metamorphic events extending into the Early Mississippian.

text: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat, the continents were surrounded by a mighty ocean (or perhaps by space), Ekkaia or Vaiya, the Encircling Sea. The central and western continents - respectively Middle-earth and Aman - were separated by Belegaer, also called the Great Sea and the Sundering Seas. In the First Age, the area in the northwest of Middle-earth was occupied by the large region of Beleriand, but this was mostly destroyed and submerged in the War of Wrath at the end of that Age.

text: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat, the continents were surrounded by a mighty

text: ocean

text: (or perhaps by

text: space

text: Ekkaia

text: or Vaiya, the Encircling Sea. The central and western continents - respectively

text: Middle-earth

text: and

text: Aman

text: - were separated by

text: Belegaer

text: , also called the Great Sea and the Sundering Seas. In the

text: First Age

text: , the area in the northwest of Middle-earth was occupied by the large region of

text: Beleriand

text: , but this was mostly destroyed and submerged in the

text: War of Wrath

text: at the end of that Age.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a mighty ocean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ekkaia or Vaiya, the Encircling Sea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the First Age

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is flat

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bees

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Arda

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: flat, the continents were surrounded by a mighty ocean

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: First Age,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flat,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the continents were surrounded by a mighty ocean

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ekkaia or Vaiya,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: First Age,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth and Aman

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Originally

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: the Encircling Sea.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Middle-earth and Aman - were separated by Belegaer,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat, the continents

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the continents were surrounded by a mighty ocean

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ekkaia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: First Age,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: War of Wrath

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Originally

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: space), Ekkaia or Vaiya,

text: The paleogeography was dominated by the supercontinent of Gondwana to the south, the continent of Siberia to the north, and the early formation of the small continent of Euramerica in between.

text: The

text: paleogeography

text: was dominated by the

text: supercontinent

text: of

text: Gondwana

text: to the south, the

text: continent

text: of

text: Siberia

text: to the north, and the early formation of the small continent of

text: Euramerica

text: in between.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was dominated by the supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana to the south

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Gondwana and Siberia are continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the name of the supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's possible.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana to the south, the continent of Siberia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: formation of the small continent of Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the early formation of the small continent of Euramerica in between.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Euramerica

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Gondwana to the south, the continent of Siberia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: formation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Euramerica

text: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water, endowing the creature with powers of illusion and strength. A Yang symbol, the Taoists saw the dragon as a personification of the Tao itself—"the Dragon reveals himself only to vanish". Shaolin Buddhists saw him as a vision of enlightened truth, to be felt, but never to be held. Certain very old men were called dragons, these being well versed in the life-supporting skills of herbal medicine, agriculture, and kung fu. In early China, these skills were surely a matter of life or death, and those so educated were held in high esteem.

text: The dragon represented two of the ancient

text: elements

text: , Earth and Water, endowing the creature with powers of illusion and strength. A

text: Yang

text: symbol, the

text: Taoists

text: saw the dragon as a personification of the Tao itself—"the Dragon reveals himself only to vanish".

text: Shaolin Buddhists

text: saw him as a vision of enlightened truth, to be felt, but never to be held. Certain very old men were called dragons, these being well versed in the life-supporting skills of herbal medicine, agriculture, and kung fu. In early China, these skills were surely a matter of life or death, and those so educated were held in high esteem.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Taoists saw the dragon as a personification of the Tao itself

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and Water collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many ancient elements did the dragon represent?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: agriculture

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: China,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Water,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: dragons,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Water,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: to be felt, but never to be held.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: those so educated were held in high esteem.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The dragon

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: dragons,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: China,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The dragon

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: held.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: itself—"the Dragon reveals himself only to vanish".

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: itself—"the Dragon reveals himself only to vanish".

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth and Water,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The dragon

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The dragon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The dragon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: herbal medicine,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life-supporting skills of herbal medicine,

text: Early in the Ordovician, the continents of Laurentia (in present-day North America), Siberia, and Baltica (present-day northern Europe) were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move towards Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean between them to shrink. The small continent Avalonia separated from Gondwana and began to move north towards Baltica and Laurentia, opening the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Avalonia.

text: Early in the Ordovician, the continents of

text: Laurentia

text: (in present-day

text: North America

text: Siberia

text: , and

text: Baltica

text: (present-day northern Europe) were still independent continents (since the break-up of the

text: supercontinent

text: Pannotia

text: earlier), but Baltica began to move towards Laurentia later in the period, causing the

text: Iapetus Ocean

text: between them to shrink. The small continent

text: Avalonia

text: separated from Gondwana and began to move north towards Baltica and Laurentia, opening the

text: Rheic Ocean

text: between Gondwana and Avalonia.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents of Laurentia and Siberia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Iapetus Ocean between them to shrink

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: break-up

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Rheic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Baltica began to move towards Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Baltica began to move towards Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early in the Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: supercontinent Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Iapetus Ocean

text: The initial crust, formed when the Earth's surface first solidified, totally disappeared from a combination of this fast Hadean plate tectonics and the intense impacts of the Late Heavy Bombardment. However, it is thought that it was basaltic in composition, like today's oceanic crust, because little crustal differentiation had yet taken place. The first larger pieces of continental crust, which is a product of differentiation of lighter elements during partial melting in the lower crust, appeared at the end of the Hadean, about 4.0 Ga. What is left of these first small continents are called cratons. These pieces of late Hadean and early Archean crust form the cores around which today's continents grew.

text: The initial crust, formed when the Earth's surface first solidified, totally disappeared from a combination of this fast Hadean plate tectonics and the intense impacts of the Late Heavy Bombardment. However, it is thought that it was

text: basalt

text: ic in composition, like today's

text: oceanic crust

text: , because little crustal differentiation had yet taken place. The first larger pieces of

text: continental crust

text: , which is a product of differentiation of lighter elements during

text: partial melting

text: in the lower crust, appeared at the end of the Hadean, about 4.0 Ga. What is left of these first small continents are called

text: craton

text: s. These pieces of late Hadean and early Archean crust form the cores around which today's continents grew.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: basaltic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Little crustal differentiation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: What is left of these first small continents are called cratons

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 4.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: partial melting occurs in the lower crust

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: basaltic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the initial crust completely disappear?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: No

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Earth's surface solidify?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is left of these first small continents are called cratons

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is thought that it was basaltic in composition

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is left of these first small continents are called cratons

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: partial melting in the lower crust

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: basaltic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: little crustal differentiation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: little crustal differentiation had yet taken place.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: differentiation of lighter elements during partial melting in the lower crust,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: small continents are called cratons.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The initial crust,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hadean plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: small continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Hadean plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The initial crust,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hadean,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.0 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oceanic crust,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: basaltic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: differentiation of lighter elements

text: The African Plate includes several cratons, stable blocks of old crust with deep roots in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and less stable terranes, which came together to form the African continent during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangea around 550 million years ago. The cratons are, from south to north, the Kalahari craton, Congo craton, Tanzania craton and West African craton. The cratons were widely separated in the past, but came together during the Pan-African orogeny and stayed together when Gondwana split up.The cratons are connected by orogenic belts, regions of highly deformed rock where the tectonic plates have engaged.The Saharan Metacraton has been tentatively identified as the remains of a craton that has become detached from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, but alternatively may consist of a collection of unrelated crustal fragments swept together during the Pan-African orogeny.

text: The African Plate includes several

text: craton

text: s, stable blocks of old crust with deep roots in the

text: subcontinental lithospheric mantle

text: , and less stable

text: terranes

text: , which came together to form the African continent during the assembly of the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangea

text: around 550 million years ago. The cratons are, from south to north, the

text: Kalahari craton

text: Congo craton

text: Tanzania craton

text: and

text: West African craton

text: . The cratons were widely separated in the past, but came together during the

text: Pan-African orogeny

text: and stayed together when Gondwana split up.The cratons are connected by

text: orogenic belts

text: , regions of highly deformed rock where the

text: tectonic plates

text: have engaged.The

text: Saharan Metacraton

text: has been tentatively identified as the remains of a craton that has become detached from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, but alternatively may consist of a collection of unrelated crustal fragments swept together during the Pan-African orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithospheric mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 550 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 550 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The cratons were widely separated in the past, but came together during the Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 550 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 550 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 550 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: subcontinental lithospheric mantle,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cratons,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: up.The cratons are connected by orogenic belts,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: assembly of the supercontinent Pangea

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The African Plate includes several cratons,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 550 million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The African Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: engaged.The Saharan Metacraton

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 550 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cratons,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Pan-African orogeny

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: subcontinental lithospheric mantle,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: terranes,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithospheric mantle,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: orogenic belts,

text: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function - Research group leader: James Schummers, PhD

text: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function - Research group leader: James Schummers, PhD

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: James Schummers

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: James Schummers

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: James Schummers, Ph.D.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: James Schummers is a researcher in the field of Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: James Schummers is the leader of the research group on Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: James Schummers, PhD

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: James Schummers is a researcher

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: James Schummers is the leader of which group?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: James Schummers is the leader of the Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function research group.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: James Schummers is the leader of what?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: James Schummers is the leader of which group?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took how long?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: James Schummers is a

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: James Schummers is a doctor.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: James Schummers, Ph.D.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: James Schummers is the leader of what group?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: James Schummers is the leader of

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: James Schummers, PhD

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: James Schummers

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: James Schummers is a researcher in the Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function group.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: James Schummers

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon Dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: James Schummers

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: James Schummers, PhD

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: James Schummers, PhD

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: James Schummers,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cellular Organization of Cortical Circuit Function

text: Early in his career, Hardie conducted research and experimentation with evaporites, showing that the signal from evaporites provide evidence for seawater chemistry change. He observed that secular changes in the mineralogy of potash evaporites and ooids and cements in marine limestones are synchronous with greenhouse/hothouse climates and global sea level. Hardie's study of evaporites led to the hypothesis, since verified through study of seawater trapped inside crystals of marine halite, that seawater has undergone long-term variations in its major ion composition. He demonstrated that these variations are linked to plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges. These studies improved the understanding of calcifying marine organisms and their role in the global carbon cycle, and also had implications for geochemistry, mineralogy, tectonics, biological evolution (biomineralization), oil/gas resources, and climate change. In recognition, he was awarded the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the Society for Sedimentary Geology in 2003.

text: Early in his career, Hardie conducted research and experimentation with evaporites, showing that the signal from evaporites provide evidence for seawater chemistry change. He observed that secular changes in the mineralogy of potash evaporites and ooids and cements in marine limestones are synchronous with greenhouse/hothouse climates and global sea level. Hardie's study of evaporites led to the hypothesis, since verified through study of seawater trapped inside crystals of marine halite, that seawater has undergone long-term variations in its major ion composition. He demonstrated that these variations are linked to plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges. These studies improved the understanding of calcifying marine organisms and their role in the global carbon cycle, and also had implications for geochemistry, mineralogy, tectonics, biological evolution (biomineralization), oil/gas resources, and climate change. In recognition, he was awarded the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the

text: Society for Sedimentary Geology

text: in 2003.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Potash

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: plate tectonic processes

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: seawater chemistry change

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biomineralization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hardie's study of evaporites led to the hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic processes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: mid-ocean ridges

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: evaporites

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ooids

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: biomineralization

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: evaporites

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biomineralization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: evaporites

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ooids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biomineralization

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: evaporites,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: long-term variations in its major ion composition.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: (biomineralization),

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the signal from evaporites provide evidence for seawater chemistry change.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: calcifying marine

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: evaporites provide evidence for seawater chemistry change.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: biological evolution

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: biological evolution

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: evaporites,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: biological evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: evaporites,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ooids

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: calcifying marine organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: calcifying marine

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse/hothouse

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: calcifying marine

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: (biomineralization),

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ooids and cements

text: These simple organisms, Cyanobacteria ruled the still cooling earth for approximately a thousand million (over a billion) years and gradually transformed the atmosphere to one containing free oxygen. These changes, along with tectonic activity left chemical trails (red bed formation, etc.) and other physical clues (magnetic orientation, layer formation factors) in the rock record, and it is these changes along with the later richer fossil record which specialists use to demarcate times early in planet earth's history in various disciplines.

text: These simple organisms,

text: Cyanobacteria

text: ruled the still cooling earth for approximately a thousand million (over a

text: billion

text: ) years and gradually transformed the atmosphere to one containing free oxygen. These changes, along with

text: tectonic activity

text: left chemical trails (

text: red bed

text: formation, etc.) and other physical clues (magnetic orientation, layer formation factors) in the rock record, and it is these changes along with the later richer

text: fossil record

text: which specialists use to demarcate times early in planet earth's history in various disciplines.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Free Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Cyanobacteria ruled the still cooling earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic activity occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did Cyanobacteria rule?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the atmosphere contain free oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cytobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a thousand million (over a billion) years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical trails (red bed formation,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: specialists use to demarcate times early in planet earth's history

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a thousand million (over a billion) years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: (over a billion) years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: (over a billion) years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: times early in planet earth's history

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: free oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: Sive was a leader and activist with a number of environmental organizations.  He was a founding member of Natural Resources Defense Council, the nation’s leading public interest law firm in this specialty, and of the Environmental Law Institute. Sive was also among the lawyers representing the Sierra Club when the Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status in 1966. That move had the quite unintended effect of turning Sierra Club into the nationally known organization it remains and vastly increasing its membership. Sive subsequently served on the Club's Board of Directors. Sive was a founder of Environmental Advocates of New York, a contributing founder of Friends of the Earth, a member of the board of directors of the Hudson Valley Institute and Scenic Hudson, New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, while serving on the board of directors of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York; and a multi-year chair of the annual ALI-ABA Conference on Environmental Law.

text: Sive was a leader and activist with a number of environmental organizations.  He was a founding member of

text: Natural Resources Defense Council

text: , the nation’s leading public interest law firm in this specialty, and of the

text: Environmental Law Institute

text: . Sive was also among the lawyers representing the

text: Sierra Club

text: when the Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status in 1966. That move had the quite unintended effect of turning Sierra Club into the nationally known organization it remains and vastly increasing its membership. Sive subsequently served on the Club's Board of Directors. Sive was a founder of Environmental Advocates of New York, a contributing founder of

text: Friends of the Earth

text: , a member of the board of directors of the Hudson Valley Institute and Scenic Hudson, New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, while serving on the board of directors of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York; and a multi-year chair of the annual ALI-ABA Conference on Environmental Law.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: New York

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Sive was a founding member

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years after the Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status did Sive serve on the Board of Directors?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Sive was a leader and activist with a number of environmental organizations

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or Scenic Hudson?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: New York,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Friends of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Sive was a leader and activist with a number of environmental organizations.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Natural Resources Defense Council,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Natural Resources Defense Council,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Sive was a leader and activist with a number of environmental organizations.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: a founder of Environmental Advocates of New York,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 1966.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Environmental Law Institute.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: environmental organizations. He was a founding member of Natural Resources Defense Council,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Natural Resources Defense Council,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Earth,

text: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals will weaken Earth's magnetic field long enough to expose the atmosphere to the solar winds, causing oxygen ions to escape the atmosphere in a rate increased by 3-4 orders, resulting in a disastrous drop of oxygen.

text: One theory is that periods of increased

text: geomagnetic reversal

text: s will weaken

text: Earth's magnetic field

text: long enough to expose the atmosphere to the

text: solar wind

text: s, causing oxygen ions to escape the atmosphere in a rate increased by 3-4 orders, resulting in a disastrous drop of oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could have been a result of a drop in oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth's magnetic field is weak enough to expose the atmosphere to solar winds

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's magnetic field is weak

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3-4 orders

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar winds

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: causing oxygen ions to escape the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3-4 orders,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen ions

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: One theory is that periods of increased geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: geomagnetic reversals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar winds,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: oxygen ions

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen ions

text: Over the life of the Earth, the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times, with geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa – an event known as a geomagnetic reversal.  Evidence of geomagnetic reversals can be seen at mid-ocean ridges where tectonic plates move apart. As magma seeps out of the mantle and solidifies to become new ocean floor, the magnetic minerals in it are magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field. Thus, starting at the most recently formed ocean floor, one can read out the direction of the magnetic field in previous times as one moves further away to older ocean floor.

text: Over the life of the Earth, the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times, with geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa – an event known as a

text: geomagnetic reversal

text: .  Evidence of geomagnetic reversals can be seen at

text: mid-ocean ridge

text: s where

text: tectonic plate

text: s move apart. As

text: magma

text: seeps out of the

text: mantle

text: and solidifies to become new ocean floor, the magnetic minerals in it are magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field. Thus, starting at the most recently formed ocean floor, one can read out the direction of the magnetic field in previous times as one moves further away to older ocean floor.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetic north becoming geomagnetic south

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times, with geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plates move apart

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: magma seeps out of the mantle

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: older ocean floor.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetic field

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: magnetized

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: magma seeps out of the mantle

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: geomagnetic north

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Over the life of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: magma seeps out of the mantle

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Over the life of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: magma seeps out of the mantle

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: geomagnetic north becoming geomagnetic south and vice versa

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: geomagnetic reversal.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Over the life of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Over the life of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

text: Pangea refers to the supercontinent from which all current continents eventually separated. It serves as a reminder of the "connectedness" or unitary nature of all people on Planet Earth.

text: Pangea

text: refers to the supercontinent from which all current continents eventually separated. It serves as a reminder of the "connectedness" or unitary nature of all people on Planet

text: Earth

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pangea is a reminder of the unitary nature of all people

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Pangea separates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Pangea formed?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: "connectedness" or unitary nature of all people on Planet Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: people

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Pangea

text: Phospholipids are composed of a hydrophilic head on one end, and a hydrophobic tail on the other. They possess an important characteristic for the construction of cell membranes; they can come together to form a bilayer membrane. A lipid monolayer bubble can only contain oil, and is not conducive to harbouring water-soluble organic molecules, but a lipid bilayer bubble  can contain water, and was a likely precursor to the modern cell membrane. If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its parent bubble, then that bubble had an advantage. Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst, releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium. Once enough of the right compounds were released into the medium, the development of the first prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and multi-cellular organisms could be achieved.

text: Phospholipids are composed of a

text: hydrophilic

text: head on one end, and a

text: hydrophobic

text: tail on the other. They possess an important characteristic for the construction of cell membranes; they can come together to form a

text: bilayer

text: membrane. A lipid monolayer bubble can only contain oil, and is not conducive to harbouring water-soluble organic molecules, but a lipid bilayer bubble  can contain water, and was a likely precursor to the modern cell membrane. If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its parent bubble, then that bubble had an advantage. Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst, releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium. Once enough of the right compounds were released into the medium, the development of the first

text: prokaryotes

text: eukaryotes

text: , and multi-cellular organisms could be achieved.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: may have occurred when the bubbles burst

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Primitive reproduction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Primitive reproduction may have occurred

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: once enough of the right compounds were released into the medium

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: primative reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protein

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: prokaryotes, eukaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: lipid monolayer bubble

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Primitive reproduction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a lipid bilayer bubble can contain water,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the bubbles burst,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Once enough of the right compounds were released into the medium,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Once enough of the right compounds were released into the medium,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Primitive reproduction

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Phospholipids

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: first prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: eukaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Primitive reproduction may have occurred when the bubbles burst,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oil,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: prokaryotes,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protein

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oil,

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause despite the widely varying symptoms apparent on clinical examination. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is one such disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies. The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell organelles that are present in many cellular types throughout the human body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their

text: root cause

text: despite the widely varying

text: symptoms

text: apparent on clinical examination. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is one such disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called

text: ciliopathies

text: . The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s that are present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alstrom syndrome

text: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

text: , and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: many critical developmental signaling pathways

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum is part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the underlying cause of agenesis of the corpus callosum?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular types

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecular

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cilia structures

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: genetic disorders,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: development

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genetic disorders,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Until recently,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Until recently,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Until recently,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Until recently,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: As a result of new genetic research,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human body.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: human body.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cilia structures of the cell organelles

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: retinal degeneration.

text: A crust formed when the molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. On time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have assembled and broken apart. Roughly  (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart .

text: A crust formed when the molten outer layer of Earth cooled

text: to form

text: a solid. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by

text: plate tectonics

text: , a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. On

text: time scales

text: lasting hundreds of millions of years, the

text: supercontinent

text: s have assembled and broken apart. Roughly  (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents,

text: Rodinia

text: , began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form

text: Pannotia

text: , 600–, then finally

text: Pangaea

text: , which also broke apart .

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 600–

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Roughly (million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a long-term steady continental area

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: On time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have assembled and broken apart

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 600–

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are eukaryotes than prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Rodinia break apart?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (million years ago),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the supercontinents have assembled and broken apart.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (million years ago),

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rapid growth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: a rapid growth early in Earth history

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Continents formed by plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: crust

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: Gold's atomic number of 79 makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally in the universe. It is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis and from the collision of neutron stars  and to have been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed. Because the Earth was molten when it was just formed, almost all of the gold present in the early Earth probably sank into the planetary core. Therefore, most of the gold that is present today in the Earth's crust and mantle is thought to have been delivered to Earth later, by asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment, about 4 billion years ago.

text: Gold's atomic number of 79 makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally in the

text: universe

text: . It is thought to have been produced in

text: supernova nucleosynthesis

text: and from the

text: collision

text: of

text: neutron star

text: s  and to have been present in the

text: dust

text: from which the

text: Solar System

text: formed. Because the Earth was molten

text: when it was just formed

text: , almost all of the gold present in the

text: early Earth

text: probably sank into the

text: planetary core

text: . Therefore, most of the gold that is present today in the Earth's

text: crust

text: and

text: mantle

text: is thought to have been delivered to Earth later, by

text: asteroid impact

text: s during the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: , about 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gold

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: probably sank into the planetary core

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: gold in it

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most of the gold that is present today in the Earth's crust and mantle is thought to have been delivered to Earth later

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: molten when it was just formed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: gold

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: supernova nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: neutron stars

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gold's atomic number of 79

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gold

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: gold present in the early Earth probably sank into the planetary core.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: almost all of the gold

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Because the Earth was molten when it was just formed,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supernova nucleosynthesis and from the collision of neutron stars

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: supernova nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 79

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gold's atomic number of 79

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Gold's atomic number of 79

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gold's atomic number of 79

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: molten

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Gold's atomic number of 79

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: gold present in the early Earth probably sank into the planetary core.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: supernova nucleosynthesis and from the collision of neutron stars

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: supernova nucleosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Gold's

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Gold's

text: Eurobeat evolved into different genres, while preserving its essence. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hi-NRG, 70s Euro disco, space disco, Canadian disco, and Italo disco (a.k.a. 80's Euro disco) emerged from electronic music. Although disco music became unpopular in North America, it remained in the limelight in Europe for many more years. In the USA, in the early 80s, disco linked with George Clinton, Earth, Wind & Fire, and the Hi-NRG scene.

text: Eurobeat evolved into different genres, while preserving its essence. In the late 1970s and early 1980s,

text: Hi-NRG

text: , 70s

text: Euro disco

text: space disco

text: , Canadian disco, and Italo disco (a.k.a. 80's Euro disco) emerged from

text: electronic music

text: . Although disco music became unpopular in North America, it remained in the limelight in Europe for many more years. In the USA, in the early 80s, disco linked with

text: George Clinton

text: Earth, Wind & Fire

text: , and the

text: Hi-NRG

text: scene.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which happened first, disco linked with George Clinton, Earth, Wind & Fire, or the Hi-NRG scene?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: disco music became unpopular in North America

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Italo disco

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How did disco music become unpopular in North America?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or space disco?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hi-NRG, 70s Euro disco

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: space disco

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: space disco

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: late 1970s and early 1980s,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: disco music became unpopular in North America,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: late 1970s and early 1980s,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Hi-NRG,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eurobeat evolved into different genres,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: electronic music.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: space disco,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Eurobeat

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Eurobeat

text: Many Rare Earth proponents argue that the Earth's plate tectonics would probably not exist if not for the tidal forces of the Moon. The hypothesis that the Moon's tidal influence initiated or sustained Earth's plate tectonics remains unproven, though at least one study implies a temporal correlation to the formation of the Moon. Evidence for the past existence of plate tectonics on planets like Mars  which may never have had a large moon would counter this argument. Kasting argues that a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics.

text: Many Rare Earth proponents argue that the Earth's plate tectonics would probably not exist if not for the tidal forces of the Moon. The hypothesis that the Moon's tidal influence initiated or sustained Earth's plate tectonics remains unproven, though at least one study implies a temporal correlation to the formation of the Moon. Evidence for the past existence of plate tectonics on planets like Mars  which may never have had a large moon would counter this argument. Kasting argues that a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a large moon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Kasting argues that a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unproven

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unproven

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most likely explanation for the existence of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unproven

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Kasting

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tidal

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Mars which may never have had a large moon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: tidal forces of the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: a large moon is not required to initiate plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tidal forces of the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Rare Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth's plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: the Earth's plate tectonics

text: Though most scientists conceive of the early atmosphere as reducing, a 2011 article in Nature found that cerium oxidation in zircon—which comprises the oldest rocks on Earth at roughly 4.4 billion years of age—was comparable to that of present-day lava.  This observation implies that Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

text: Though most scientists conceive of the early atmosphere as reducing, a 2011 article in Nature found that

text: cerium

text: oxidation in

text: zircon

text: —which comprises the oldest rocks on Earth at roughly 4.4 billion years of age—was comparable to that of present-day lava.  This observation implies that

text: Hadean

text: atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: zircon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen levels similar to those of today

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: lava burns

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: reducing

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: reducing

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cerium

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cerium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.4 billion years of age—was

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: reducing,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.4 billion years of age—was

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: reducing,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: lava.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.4 billion years of age—was

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: reducing,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: lava.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4.4 billion years of age—was

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: reducing,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.4

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 4.4 billion years of age—was

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Hadean atmospheric oxygen levels were similar to those of today.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early atmosphere as reducing,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: zircon—which

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cerium oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cerium oxidation in zircon—which

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cerium

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cerium oxidation

text: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents. The supercontinent Columbia or Nuna formed during a period of  and broke up about . The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around . The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents).

text: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a

text: supercontinent

text: that contains most or all of the continents. The supercontinent

text: Columbia

text: or Nuna formed during a period of  and broke up about . The supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around . The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called

text: Pangaea

text: ; Pangaea broke up into

text: Laurasia

text: (which became North America and Eurasia) and

text: Gondwana

text: (which became the remaining continents).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents did Rodinia contain?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: about 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago did Rodinia form?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: plates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea;

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The movement of plates

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The movement of plates

text: According to Herodotus, the ropes were not only used as mooring ropes but also supported the wooden logs forming the bridge deck which is rather unusual method of construction. Sailors carefully prevent ropes from chafing or from being pressed by hard objects and thus try to avoid early deterioration of the ropes. The constant movement of the ships caused by waves and by the marching troops and the heavy loads of the soldiers and of the earth covering the logs putting pressure on the stretched ropes would have led to an early failure of the ropes. In addition, this setup would not have allowed to have a flat and even bridge deck. The ropes in between the ships would have sagged under the load of the earth and of the people which would have caused a constant up and down of the road. On top, the earth would have accumulated in the center of the sags and thus increased the local load on the ropes. There was no necessity for this configuration: the space between the ships being only three meters, the gap could easily have been bridged by the logs put from one ship to the next and parallel to the ropes. This would have been a better basis for the road and would not have had any bad influence on the ropes.

text: According to Herodotus, the ropes were not only used as mooring ropes but also supported the wooden logs forming the bridge deck which is rather unusual method of construction. Sailors carefully prevent ropes from chafing or from being pressed by hard objects and thus try to avoid early deterioration of the ropes. The constant movement of the ships caused by waves and by the marching troops and the heavy loads of the soldiers and of the earth covering the logs putting pressure on the stretched ropes would have led to an early failure of the ropes. In addition, this setup would not have allowed to have a flat and even bridge deck. The ropes in between the ships would have sagged under the load of the earth and of the people which would have caused a constant up and down of the road. On top, the earth would have accumulated in the center of the sags and thus increased the local load on the ropes. There was no necessity for this configuration: the space between the ships being only three meters, the gap could easily have been bridged by the logs put from one ship to the next and parallel to the ropes. This would have been a better basis for the road and would not have had any bad influence on the ropes.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sags

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ropes were not only used as mooring ropes but also supported the wooden logs forming the bridge deck which is rather unusual method of construction

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Sailors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is true of the ropes?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: wooden logs

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: three meters,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ships caused by waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: accumulated in the center of the sags

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: one ship to the next and parallel to the ropes.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There was no necessity for this configuration:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: three meters,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Sailors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: logs put from one ship to the next and parallel to the ropes.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The constant movement of the ships caused by waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The constant movement of the ships caused by waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the space between the ships being only three meters,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: According to Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The constant movement of the ships caused by waves and by the marching troops

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Sailors

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: stretched ropes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: earth covering the logs

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Herodotus,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ropes from chafing

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: chafing or from being pressed by hard objects

text: Sedimentary rocks preserve remnants of the history of life on Earth in the form of fossils, biomarkers, isotopes, and other traces. The rock record is far from perfect, and the preservation of biosignatures is a rare occurrence. Understanding what factors determine the extent of preservation and the meaning behind what is preserved are important components to detangling the ancient history of the co-evolution of life and Earth. The sedimentary record allows scientists to observe changes in life and Earth in composition over time and sometimes even date major transitions, like extinction events.

text: Sedimentary rock

text: s preserve remnants of the history of life on Earth in the form of

text: fossil

text: s,

text: biomarker

text: s,

text: isotope

text: s, and other traces. The rock record is far from perfect, and the preservation of

text: biosignature

text: s is a rare occurrence. Understanding what factors determine the extent of preservation and the meaning behind what is preserved are important components to detangling the ancient history of the co-evolution of life and Earth. The sedimentary record allows scientists to observe changes in life and Earth in composition over time and sometimes even date major transitions, like extinction events.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: isotopes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Sedimentary rocks preserve remnants of the history of life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Sedimentary rocks preserve remnants

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of eukaryote?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What does the sedimentary record tell us?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution of life and Earth to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the sedimentary record far from perfect?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: isotopes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: major transitions, like extinction events

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the sedimentary record

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction events

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biomarkers

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: fossils, biomarkers, isotopes,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The rock record is far from perfect,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: co-evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: co-evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fossils, biomarkers, isotopes,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: extinction events.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: isotopes,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: isotopes,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: isotopes,

text: Since the early 1990s the choir cassocks are of a deep burgundy colour, matching the stencil design hue on the organ pipes. Originally the choir wore traditional black cassocks and white surplices, but with the introduction of An Australian Prayer Book in the late 1970s, new cassocks of a green colour approximating that of the new prayer book cover (and coincidentally, that of the visible organ pipework at the time) were introduced and surplices were discontinued. On a visit to the cathedral in 1985 by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, a somewhat astonished Robert Runcie exclaimed that he had "never seen a cathedral choir wearing green robes before". With the restoration of the organ in the early 1990s, surplices were restored and cassocks of a deep burgundy were introduced matching the new stencil design hue on the organ pipes.

text: Since the early 1990s the choir cassocks are of a deep

text: burgundy

text: colour, matching the stencil design hue on the organ pipes. Originally the choir wore traditional black cassocks and white surplices, but with the introduction of An Australian Prayer Book in the late 1970s, new cassocks of a green colour approximating that of the new prayer book cover (and coincidentally, that of the visible organ pipework at the time) were introduced and surplices were discontinued. On a visit to the cathedral in 1985 by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, a somewhat astonished

text: Robert Runcie

text: exclaimed that he had "never seen a cathedral choir wearing green robes before". With the restoration of the organ in the early 1990s,

text: surplice

text: s were restored and

text: cassock

text: s of a deep burgundy were introduced matching the new stencil design hue on the organ pipes.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The choir wore traditional black cassocks and white surplices

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Originally the choir wore traditional black cassocks and white surplices

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: choir cassocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: black cassocks and white surplices,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Australian Prayer Book in the late 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: black cassocks and white surplices,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: matching the stencil design hue on the organ pipes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: An Australian Prayer Book

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: late 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: choir cassocks

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Australian Prayer Book

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: An Australian Prayer Book

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: An Australian Prayer Book

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: An Australian Prayer Book in the late 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Since the early 1990s the choir cassocks

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: An Australian Prayer Book

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Since the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: choir cassocks

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: green robes before".

text: Colin Wilson borrowed the name for "The Return of the Lloigor" (1969), but his creatures are very different from Derleth's. The Lloigor take the form of invisible vortices of psychic energy, though they may sometimes make themselves manifest as great reptilian beasts, akin to the legendary dragons. In the distant past, the Lloigor came from the Andromeda Galaxy to the continent of Mu and used human slaves as their labor force. When their power dwindled, the Lloigor retreated below ground and left their former slaves to their own devices. Eventually, these early humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

text: Colin Wilson

text: borrowed the name for "The Return of the Lloigor" (1969), but his creatures are very different from Derleth's. The Lloigor take the form of invisible

text: vortice

text: s of

text: psychic

text: energy, though they may sometimes make themselves manifest as great

text: reptilian

text: beasts, akin to the legendary

text: dragon

text: s. In the distant past, the Lloigor came from the

text: Andromeda Galaxy

text: to the continent of

text: Mu

text: and used human slaves as their labor force. When their power dwindled, the Lloigor retreated below ground and left their former slaves to their own devices. Eventually, these early humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Andromeda Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Lloigor take the form of invisible vortices of psychic energy

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is populated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early humans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Lloigor

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: human slaves

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Andromeda Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: invisible vortices of psychic energy,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: used human slaves as their labor force.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Andromeda Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Lloigor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "The Return of the Lloigor"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: human slaves as their labor force. When their power dwindled,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "The Return of the Lloigor"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Lloigor came from the Andromeda Galaxy

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mu

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: early humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "The Return of the Lloigor"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "The Return of the Lloigor"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "The Return of the Lloigor"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Lloigor

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: humans migrated from Mu

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Lloigor retreated below ground

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: invisible vortices

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: invisible vortices of psychic energy,

text: The end of the Proterozoic saw at least two Snowball Earths, so severe that the surface of the oceans may have been completely frozen. This happened about 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian period. The intensity and mechanism of both glaciations are still under investigation and harder to explain than the early Proterozoic Snowball Earth.Most paleoclimatologists think the cold episodes were linked to the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia. Because Rodinia was centered on the equator, rates of chemical weathering increased and carbon dioxide (CO) was taken from the atmosphere. Because CO is an important greenhouse gas, climates cooled globally.In the same way, during the Snowball Earths most of the continental surface was covered with permafrost, which decreased chemical weathering again, leading to the end of the glaciations. An alternative hypothesis is that enough carbon dioxide escaped through volcanic outgassing that the resulting greenhouse effect raised global temperatures. Increased volcanic activity resulted from the break-up of Rodinia at about the same time.

text: The end of the Proterozoic saw at least two Snowball Earths, so severe that the surface of the oceans may have been completely frozen. This happened about 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the

text: Cryogenian period

text: . The intensity and mechanism of both glaciations are still under investigation and harder to explain than the early Proterozoic Snowball Earth.Most paleoclimatologists think the cold episodes were linked to the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia. Because Rodinia was centered on the equator, rates of

text: chemical weathering

text: increased and carbon dioxide (CO) was taken from the atmosphere. Because CO is an important greenhouse gas, climates cooled globally.In the same way, during the Snowball Earths most of the continental surface was covered with

text: permafrost

text: , which decreased chemical weathering again, leading to the end of the glaciations. An alternative hypothesis is that enough carbon dioxide escaped through volcanic outgassing that the resulting greenhouse effect raised global temperatures. Increased volcanic activity resulted from the break-up of Rodinia at about the same time.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 716.5 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 716.5 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The intensity and mechanism of both glaciations are still under investigation

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 716.5 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earths break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 716.5 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why was the surface of the oceans may have been completely frozen?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Cryogenian period end?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was the supercontinent Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Rodinia exist?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Why did Rodinia increase rates of chemical weathering

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What happened about 716.5 and 635 Ma?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemical weathering

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Snowball Earths,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: chemical weathering

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Because CO is an important greenhouse gas, climates cooled globally.In

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supercontinent Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: chemical weathering

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinent Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: carbon dioxide (CO)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian period.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: two Snowball Earths,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Snowball Earths,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 716.5 and 635 Ma, in the Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earths,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: chemical weathering

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

text: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini. Saying that Precordillera origins from Laurentia as the south-east of Ouachita Embayment. It was detached by Ouachita Rift since Early Cambrian. After that Precordillera acts as an independent continent traveling through the Iapetus Ocean along the Alabama-Oklahoma transform fault. Finally the continent collides to Gondwana continent at middle Ordovician, changing the environment from passive margin to extensive rifting. This model is strongly supported by the thick carbonate complex as well as matching faunas records.

text: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini. Saying that

text: Precordillera

text: origins from

text: Laurentia

text: as the south-east of Ouachita Embayment. It was detached by

text: Ouachita

text: Rift since Early

text: Cambrian

text: . After that

text: Precordillera

text: acts as an independent continent traveling through the Iapetus Ocean along the Alabama-Oklahoma transform fault. Finally the continent collides to

text: Gondwana

text: continent at middle

text: Ordovician

text: , changing the environment from

text: passive margin

text: to extensive

text: rift

text: ing. This model is strongly supported by the thick carbonate complex as well as matching faunas records.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: middle Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Precordillera

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The continent collides to Gondwana continent at middle Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Precordillera

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which happened first, Precordillera acting as an independent continent traveling through the Iapetus Ocean or the Cambrian?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Earth been inhabited?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened in the Early Cambrian?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It was detached by Ouachita Rift since

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbonate complex

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: middle Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: passive margin to extensive rifting.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: rifting.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Precordillera acts as an independent continent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collides to Gondwana continent at middle Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Precordillera

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Micro-continent model

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Micro-continent model

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Micro-continent model is suggested by Thomas and Astini.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: middle Ordovician,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Micro-continent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: thick carbonate complex

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonate complex

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Micro-continent

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbonate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonate

text: A September 2008 study of zircons found that Australian Hadean rock holds minerals pointing to the existence of plate tectonics as early as .If this is true, the time when Earth finished its transition from having a hot, molten surface and atmosphere full of carbon dioxide, to being very much like it is today, can be roughly dated to about 4.0 billion years ago. The actions of plate tectonics and the oceans trapped vast amounts of carbon dioxide, thereby eliminating the greenhouse effect and leading to a much cooler surface temperature and the formation of solid rock, and possibly even life.

text: A September 2008 study of zircons found that Australian Hadean rock holds minerals pointing to the existence of plate tectonics as early as .If this is true, the time when Earth finished its transition from having a hot, molten surface and atmosphere full of carbon dioxide, to being very much like it is today, can be roughly dated to about 4.0 billion years ago. The actions of plate tectonics and the oceans trapped vast amounts of carbon dioxide, thereby eliminating the greenhouse effect and leading to a much cooler surface temperature and the formation of solid rock, and possibly even life.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a hot, molten surface

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The actions of plate tectonics and the oceans trapped vast amounts of carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solid rock

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.0 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australian Hadean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Hadean rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: possibly even life.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a hot, molten surface and atmosphere full of carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The actions of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: possibly even life.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 4.0 billion years ago. The actions of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: possibly even life.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 4.0 billion years ago. The actions of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.0 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: zircons

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide,

text: P. dendritiformis colonies behave much like a multi-cellular organism, with cell differentiation and task distribution. Accomplishing such intricate cooperative ventures requires sophisticated cell-cell communication including semantic and pragmatic aspects of linguistics.

text: P. dendritiformis colonies behave much like a multi-cellular organism, with cell differentiation and task distribution. Accomplishing such intricate cooperative ventures requires sophisticated cell-cell communication including semantic and pragmatic aspects of linguistics.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lava

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: P. dendritiformis colonies require sophisticated cell-cell communication

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: P. dendritiformis colonies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular organism

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Accomplishing such intricate cooperative ventures requires sophisticated cell-cell communication

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: P. dendritiformis colonies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: a multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: P. dendritiformis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: P. dendritiformis

text: The Permian () was a relatively short time period, during which all the Earth's major land masses were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ("Panthalassa", the "universal sea"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. At the end of the Permian, the biggest mass extinction in history occurred, collectively called the Permian–Triassic extinction event: 30% of all insect species became extinct; this is one of three known mass insect extinctions in Earth's history.

text: The

text: Permian

text: () was a relatively short time period, during which all the

text: Earth

text: 's major land masses were collected into a single supercontinent known as

text: Pangaea

text: . Pangaea straddled the

text: equator

text: and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ("

text: Panthalassa

text: ", the "universal sea"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The

text: Cimmeria

text: continent

text: rift

text: ed away from

text: Gondwana

text: and drifted north to

text: Laurasia

text: , causing the

text: Paleo-Tethys

text: to shrink. At the end of the Permian, the biggest mass extinction in history occurred, collectively called the

text: Permian–Triassic extinction event

text: : 30% of all insect species became extinct; this is one of three known mass insect extinctions in Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's major land masses

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: At the end of the Permian, the biggest mass extinction in history occurred

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's major land masses are collected

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the Permian last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many mass insect extinctions in Earth's history?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Permian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Tethys

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cimmeria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cimmeria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 30% of all insect species became extinct;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: all the Earth's major land masses

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: three known mass insect extinctions in Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Permian–Triassic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 30% of all insect species became extinct;

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Permian–Triassic extinction event:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Permian

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Permian–Triassic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: insect species became extinct;

text: The idea that a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic arose in the 1970s, when geologists determined that orogens of this age exist on virtually all cratons. Examples are the Grenville orogeny in North America and the Dalslandian orogeny in Europe.

text: The idea that a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic arose in the 1970s, when geologists determined that

text: orogen

text: s of this age exist on virtually all

text: craton

text: s. Examples are the

text: Grenville orogeny

text: in North America and the

text: Dalslandian orogeny

text: in Europe.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: geologists determined that orogens of this age exist on virtually all cratons

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologists determine that orogens

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or cratons?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Dalslandian orogeny in Europe.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: orogens

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: orogens of this age exist on virtually all cratons.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: orogens

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: orogens

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: idea that a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Dalslandian orogeny in Europe.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: idea that a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: idea that a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: a supercontinent existed in the early Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cratons.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Grenville orogeny

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: orogens of this age exist on virtually all cratons.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Neoproterozoic arose in the 1970s,

text: The RTB model predicts an increase in astronomical evidence that Earth resides at the ideal location in the cosmos for both harboring advanced civilization and technology and making the universe observable. Nontheistic models predict that new astronomical discoveries will show that Earth is unremarkable for both habitability and observation. The RTB model also predicts that as scientists continue to research the causes and effects of plate tectonics, their findings will reveal evidence for the fine-tuning required for long-lasting, stable plate-tectonic activity on a planet with a thin atmosphere. It also predicts that the flood of Noah was a local event. Nontheistic models predict that evidence for fine-tuned, long-lasting plate tectonics will weaken as scientists learn more about plate tectonic phenomena. Young earth models predict that all plate tectonic activity occurred during the past ten thousand years, and that the bulk of that tectonic activity took place between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

text: The RTB model predicts an increase in astronomical evidence that Earth resides at the ideal location in the cosmos for both harboring advanced civilization and technology and making the universe observable. Nontheistic models predict that new astronomical discoveries will show that Earth is unremarkable for both habitability and observation. The RTB model also predicts that as scientists continue to research the causes and effects of plate tectonics, their findings will reveal evidence for the fine-tuning required for long-lasting, stable plate-tectonic activity on a planet with a thin atmosphere. It also predicts that the flood of Noah was a local event. Nontheistic models predict that evidence for fine-tuned, long-lasting plate tectonics will weaken as scientists learn more about plate tectonic phenomena. Young earth models predict that all plate tectonic activity occurred during the past ten thousand years, and that the bulk of that tectonic activity took place between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a thin atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nontheistic models predict that evidence for fine-tuned, long-lasting plate tectonics will weaken as scientists learn more about plate tectonic phenomena

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: nonremarkable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does the RTB model predict?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Young earth models

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What does the RTB model predict?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 7,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Young earth models

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Young earth models

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Young earth models

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Young earth models

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nonremarkable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a thin atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a thin atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a thin atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Nontheistic models

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The RTB model

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The RTB model

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The RTB model

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: RTB model

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Nontheistic models predict that new astronomical discoveries will show that Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 5,000 and 7,000

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: flood of Noah

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: thin atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth resides at the ideal location in the cosmos

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: a thin atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: a thin atmosphere.

text: BPM 37093 (V886 Centauri) is a  variable white dwarf star of the DAV, or ZZ Ceti, type, with a hydrogen atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the Sun's.  It is about 50 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Centaurus, and vibrates; these pulsations cause its luminosity to vary.  Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by thermonuclear fusion of helium nuclei in the triple-alpha process.

text: BPM 37093 (V886 Centauri) is a

text: variable

text: white dwarf

text: star

text: of the DAV, or

text: ZZ Ceti

text: , type, with a

text: hydrogen

text: atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the

text: Sun

text: 's.  It is about 50

text: light-year

text: s from Earth, in the constellation

text: Centaurus

text: , and vibrates; these pulsations cause its

text: luminosity

text: to

text: vary

text: .  Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by

text: thermonuclear

text: fusion of

text: helium

text: nuclei in the

text: triple-alpha process

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Centaurus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon and oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hydrogen atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: BPM 37093 is about 50 light-years from Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fusion of helium nuclei occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is about 50 light-years from Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many light-years from Earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or ZZ Ceti?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many light-years from Earth is BPM 37093?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: triple-alpha process

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: white dwarf

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon and oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hydrogen atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: thermonuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: vibrates; these pulsations cause its luminosity to vary.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: thermonuclear fusion of helium nuclei

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 50 light-years from Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: helium nuclei

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: triple-alpha process.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: triple-alpha process.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: triple-alpha process.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: BPM 37093

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: triple-alpha process.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: triple-alpha process.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon and oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon and oxygen,

text: The semi-final eliminations of early favorites Alex Lambert, Katelyn Epperly and Lilly Scott before the Top 12 stunned bloggers and viewers. Michael Slezak of ew.com stated, "So you'd think by season 9 — during the inconsequential semifinals, no less — it would be easy to brush off the bad judgment of speed-texting tweens, to process the way-too-early exits of Lilly Scott, Katelyn Epperly, and Alex Lambert...and move on...(S)o why do the ritual killings of the dreams of (three) indisputably flawed semifinalists feel like they’re part of something bigger, a shifting of the tectonic plates at the core of the Idol universe?"

text: The semi-final eliminations of early favorites

text: Alex Lambert

text: , Katelyn Epperly and Lilly Scott before the Top 12 stunned bloggers and viewers. Michael Slezak of

text: ew.com

text: stated, "So you'd think by season 9 — during the inconsequential semifinals, no less — it would be easy to brush off the bad judgment of speed-texting tweens, to process the way-too-early exits of Lilly Scott, Katelyn Epperly, and Alex Lambert...and move on...(S)o why do the ritual killings of the dreams of (three) indisputably flawed semifinalists feel like they’re part of something bigger, a shifting of the tectonic plates at the core of the Idol universe?"

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not the same thing as the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The semi-final eliminations of early favorites Alex Lambert, Katelyn Epperly and Lilly Scott before the Top 12 stunned bloggers and viewers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates move

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tweens

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: what is the first continent on earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 9

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: dreams

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 9

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: dreams

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: dreams

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: indisputably flawed semifinalists

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 12

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: shifting of the tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: tectonic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: tectonic plates

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: tweens,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: dreams

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: dreams

text: Among the earliest enthusiasts for holy wells in modern times was the Neopagan movement, for whom wells formed part of 'earth mysteries' study along with ley lines and ancient sites; the view that the Christians had ‘stolen’ holy wells from the Pagan religions fitted in well with their position. The magazines Wood and Water and Meyn Mamvro, among others, helped shape this approach. During the early- and mid-1990s this viewpoint was under increasing attack crowned by the publication of Ronald Hutton’s The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991) which argued that the evidence for what constituted pre-Christian British religious practices, certainly outside Romano-British times, was next to nil. As far as wells themselves were concerned, the controversy emerged in the pages of Source, the holy wells journal edited by Roy Fry and former Benedictine monk Tristan Gray-Hulse. A number of articles in the journal challenged long-standing myths about holy well history, and the editors published an exchange between the authors and Cheryl Straffon, editor of Cornish earth mysteries magazine Meyn Mamvro, about the evidence for a particular Cornish well’s supposed association with the Irish goddess Brigid. The eco-pagan movement has largely accepted the new historiographical approach, but occasionally rather more old-fashioned accounts of holy wells are published, for instance Gary Varner’s Sacred Springs (2002).

text: Among the earliest enthusiasts for holy wells in modern times was the

text: Neopagan

text: movement, for whom wells formed part of '

text: earth mysteries

text: ' study along with

text: ley line

text: s and ancient sites; the view that the Christians had ‘stolen’ holy wells from the Pagan religions fitted in well with their position. The magazines Wood and Water and

text: Meyn Mamvro

text: , among others, helped shape this approach. During the early- and mid-1990s this viewpoint was under increasing attack crowned by the publication of

text: Ronald Hutton

text: ’s The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991) which argued that the evidence for what constituted pre-Christian British religious practices, certainly outside Romano-British times, was next to nil. As far as wells themselves were concerned, the controversy emerged in the pages of Source, the holy wells journal edited by Roy Fry and former

text: Benedictine

text: monk

text: Tristan Gray-Hulse. A number of articles in the journal challenged long-standing myths about holy well history, and the editors published an exchange between the authors and Cheryl Straffon, editor of Cornish earth mysteries magazine Meyn Mamvro, about the evidence for a particular Cornish well’s supposed association with the Irish goddess

text: Brigid

text: . The eco-pagan movement has largely accepted the new historiographical approach, but occasionally rather more old-fashioned accounts of holy wells are published, for instance Gary Varner’s Sacred Springs (2002).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: wood and water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was next to nil

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Pagan Religions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The eco-pagan movement has largely accepted the new historiographical approach, but occasionally rather more old-fashioned accounts of holy wells are published

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: pre-Christian British

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the evidence for what constituted pre-Christian British religious practices

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: pre-Christian British

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: British Isles

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Wood and Water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Romano-British times,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: pre-Christian British religious practices,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ley lines

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ley lines

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: occasionally rather more old-fashioned accounts of holy wells are published,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: next to nil.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ley lines

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Romano-British times,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: 'earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Sacred Springs

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: pre-Christian British religious practices,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: next to nil.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Neopagan movement,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: 'earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Water

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ley lines

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ancient British Isles

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Water and Meyn Mamvro,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Water

text: The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BCE by  Aristarchus of Samos, but had received no support from most other ancient astronomers.

text: The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BCE by

text: Aristarchus of Samos

text: , but had received no support from most other ancient astronomers.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lava

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not be determined

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth revolve around the sun

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Aristarchus of Samos propose that the Earth revolves around the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: had received no support from most other ancient astronomers.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no support from most other ancient astronomers.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3rd century BCE

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 3rd century BCE by Aristarchus of Samos,

text: Because of the remarkable clarity, dryness, and stillness of the air, and its elevation (with atmospheric pressure of 71 kPa/533 mm Hg), as well as the absence of the lights of major cities, the summit of Haleakalā is one of the most sought-after locations in the world for ground-based telescopes (though to a lesser extent than Mauna Kea on neighboring Hawaii).  As a result of the geographic importance of this observational platform, experts come from all over the world to take part in research at "Science City", an astrophysical complex operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, University of Hawaii, Smithsonian Institution, Air Force, Federal Aviation Administration, and others. Telescopes and lasers are used to measure the earth's plates and the processes of plate tectonics. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of topographic features such as mountains, volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and oceanic trenches. The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries, with the Pacific Plate's Ring of Fire being the most active and widely known today. These boundaries are discussed in further detail below. Some volcanoes occur in the interiors of plates, and these have been variously attributed to internal plate deformation[8] and to mantle plumes.

text: Because of the remarkable clarity, dryness, and stillness of the air, and its elevation (with atmospheric pressure of 71 kPa/533 mm Hg), as well as the absence of the lights of major cities, the summit of Haleakalā is one of the most sought-after locations in the world for ground-based telescopes (though to a lesser extent than

text: Mauna Kea

text: on neighboring

text: Hawaii

text: ).  As a result of the geographic importance of this observational platform, experts come from all over the world to take part in research at "

entity_name: Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory

text: Science City

text: ", an astrophysical complex operated by the

text: U.S. Department of Defense

text: University of Hawaii

text: Smithsonian Institution

text: Air Force

text: Federal Aviation Administration

text: , and others. Telescopes and lasers are used to measure the earth's plates and the processes of plate tectonics. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of topographic features such as mountains, volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and oceanic trenches. The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries, with the Pacific Plate's Ring of Fire being the most active and widely known today. These boundaries are discussed in further detail below. Some volcanoes occur in the interiors of plates, and these have been variously attributed to internal plate deformation[8] and to mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two plates

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's plates

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: two plates meet

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: volcanoes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mantle plumes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two plates meet is called a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: earthquakes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Telescopes and lasers

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: two plates meet is called a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mountains, volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a plate boundary.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 71 kPa/533 mm Hg),

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: volcanoes,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lasers

text: Earth's Moon probably formed out of material splashed into orbit by the impact of a large body into the early Earth. Differentiation on Earth had probably already separated many lighter materials toward the surface, so that the impact removed a disproportionate amount of silicate material from Earth, and left the majority of the dense metal behind. The Moon's density is substantially less than that of Earth, due to its lack of a large iron core.

text: Earth

text: 's

text: Moon

text: probably formed out of material splashed into orbit by the impact of a large body into the early Earth. Differentiation on Earth had probably already separated many lighter materials toward the surface, so that the impact removed a disproportionate amount of silicate material from Earth, and left the majority of the dense metal behind. The Moon's density is substantially less than that of Earth, due to its lack of a large iron core.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: silicate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's Moon?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Moon's density is substantially less than that of Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's Moon probably formed

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: impact of a large body into the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Moon formed?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the Moon's density substantially less than that of Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Differentiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: silicate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: silicate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Differentiation on Earth had probably already separated many lighter materials toward the surface,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Differentiation

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Moon's density is substantially less than that of Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: impact of a large body into the early Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lighter materials

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Differentiation

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Moon's

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Earth's Moon

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Differentiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: iron core.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: silicate material

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: silicate material

text: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

text: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reefs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The book was written by a scientist

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are found in reefs

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are the earliest organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: reefs grow

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: corals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of reef?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution of prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crust?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the main idea of this book?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: mollusks

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mollusk

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Reefs (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Reefs

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Reefs

text: The early Palaeozoic history of Norway is recorded in sequences preserved either as autochthon or at various levels within the allochthon. They relate to the further widening of Iapetus during the Cambrian, the start of closure during the Early Ordovician with the accretion of terranes and ophiolite obduction during the Late Ordovician and continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian.

text: The early

text: Palaeozoic

text: history of Norway is recorded in sequences preserved either as autochthon or at various levels within the allochthon. They relate to the further widening of Iapetus during the Cambrian, the start of closure during the Early

text: Ordovician

text: with the

text: accretion

text: of

text: terrane

text: s and

text: ophiolite

text: obduction

text: during the Late Ordovician and continent-continent collision at the end of the

text: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ophiolite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Iapetus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Late Ordovician and continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Silurian?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Iapetus

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Iapetus

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ophiolite

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continent-continent collision

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: accretion

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Iapetus during the Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continent-continent collision

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Iapetus

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: autochthon or at various levels within the allochthon.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Iapetus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: autochthon or at various levels within the allochthon.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: continent-continent collision

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: continent-continent collision at the end of the Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cambrian, the start of closure during the Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: accretion of terranes

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ophiolite

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: autochthon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ophiolite

text: Ostariophysian fossils, both anotophysan and otophysian, are known from the early Cretaceous. Ostariophysian fossils are known from every continent except Australia.

text: Ostariophysian fossils, both anotophysan and otophysian, are known from the early

text: Cretaceous

text: . Ostariophysian fossils are known from every continent except

text: Australia

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: anotophysan

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ostariophysian fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ostariophysian fossils are not found in Australia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ostariophysian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cretaceous fossils are discovered

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ostariophysian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: otophytes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: otophysis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: anotophysan

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: otophysian

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ostariophysian fossils are known from every continent except Australia.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: anotophysan

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Ostariophysian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: anotophysan

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ostariophysian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: anotophysan

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ostariophysian fossils,

text: The ancient Mesopotamians believed in an afterlife that was a land below our world. It was this land, known alternately as Arallû, Ganzer or Irkallu, the latter of which meant "Great Below", that it was believed everyone went to after death, irrespective of social status or the actions performed during life. Unlike Christian Hell, the Mesopotamians considered the underworld neither a punishment nor a reward. Nevertheless, the condition of the dead was hardly considered the same as the life previously enjoyed on earth: they were considered merely weak and powerless ghosts. The myth of Ishtar's descent into the underworld relates that "dust is their food and clay their nourishment, they see no light, where they dwell in darkness." Stories such as the Adapa myth resignedly relate that, due to a blunder, all men must die and that true everlasting life is the sole property of the gods.

text: The ancient Mesopotamians believed in an

text: afterlife

text: that was a land below our world. It was this land, known alternately as Arallû, Ganzer or Irkallu, the latter of which meant "Great Below", that it was believed everyone went to after death, irrespective of social status or the actions performed during life. Unlike Christian Hell, the Mesopotamians considered the underworld neither a punishment nor a reward. Nevertheless, the condition of the dead was hardly considered the same as the life previously enjoyed on earth: they were considered merely weak and powerless ghosts. The myth of Ishtar's descent into the underworld relates that "dust is their food and clay their nourishment, they see no light, where they dwell in darkness." Stories such as the Adapa myth resignedly relate that, due to a blunder, all men must die and that true everlasting life is the sole property of the gods.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was considered merely weak and powerless ghosts

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: What did the Mesopotamians believe in?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the condition of the dead was hardly considered the same as the life previously enjoyed on earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: clay

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a land below our world?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ghosts

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: clay

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: dust

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: clay

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth:

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: life previously enjoyed on earth:

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hell,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the underworld neither a punishment nor a reward.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "dust is their food and clay

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: light,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: afterlife that was a land below our world.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earth:

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earth:

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Hell,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: earth:

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: life previously enjoyed on earth:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: merely weak and powerless ghosts.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The ancient Mesopotamians

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "dust

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: earth:

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: clay

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "dust is their food and clay

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ghosts.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: clay

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "dust

text: The energy needed to break the shield around Cor Hydrae drains the energy that allows the five major islands to float in the sky, and the islands fall toward the Earth below. However, not only has the air become clean over a thousand years, but life has returned to the Earth. The islands' fall is stopped by the spirits of five ancient gods who, while holding up the islands, turn into giant pillars of stone, connecting the islands once again to the Earth.

text: The energy needed to break the shield around Cor Hydrae drains the energy that allows the five major islands to float in the sky, and the islands fall toward the Earth below. However, not only has the air become clean over a thousand years, but life has returned to the Earth. The islands' fall is stopped by the spirits of five ancient gods who, while holding up the islands, turn into giant pillars of stone, connecting the islands once again to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The islands' fall is stopped by the spirits of five ancient gods

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have returned to the Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: gods

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why did life return to the Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: air become clean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: stone,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: five ancient gods

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The islands' fall is stopped by the spirits of five ancient gods

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: five ancient gods

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: islands

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a thousand years,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The energy needed to break the shield around Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: giant pillars of stone,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life has returned to the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: break the shield around Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cor Hydrae

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life

text: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents and in between were the rise of mountains along the continental margins, and flooding and draining of shallow seas between. At its start, the supercontinent Pannotia broke up. Paleoclimatic studies and evidence of glaciers indicate that central Africa was most likely in the polar regions during the early Paleozoic. During the early Paleozoic, the huge continent Gondwanaland () formed or was forming. By mid-Paleozoic, the collision of North America and Europe produced the Acadian-Caledonian uplifts, and a subduction plate uplifted eastern Australia. By the late Paleozoic, continental collisions formed the supercontinent of Pangaea and resulted in some of the great mountain chains, including the Appalachians, Urals, and mountains of Tasmania.

text: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents and in between were the rise of mountains along the continental margins, and flooding and draining of shallow seas between. At its start, the supercontinent

text: Pannotia

text: broke up.

text: Paleoclimatic

text: studies and evidence of

text: glacier

text: s indicate that

text: central Africa

text: was most likely in the polar regions during the early Paleozoic. During the early Paleozoic, the huge continent

text: Gondwanaland

text: () formed or was forming. By mid-Paleozoic, the collision of North America and Europe produced the Acadian-Caledonian uplifts, and a subduction plate uplifted eastern

text: Australia

text: . By the late Paleozoic, continental collisions formed the supercontinent of

text: Pangaea

text: and resulted in some of the great mountain chains, including the Appalachians,

text: Urals

text: , and mountains of

text: Tasmania

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: At its start, the supercontinent Pannotia broke up

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collisions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which happened first, the collision of North America and Europe produced the Acadian-Caledonian uplifts, or the collision of North America and Europe produced the subduction plate?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: by mid-Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: by the late Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: paleontologists

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: late Paleozoic,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Paleoclimatic studies

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: rise of mountains along the continental margins,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleoclimatic studies

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental collisions

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the huge continent Gondwanaland

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: flooding and draining of shallow seas

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polar

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glaciers

text: The Murgon fossil site is a paleontological site of early Eocene age in south-eastern Queensland, Australia.  It lies near the town of Murgon, some 270 km north-west of Brisbane.  The Murgon site is important as the only site on the continent with a diverse range of vertebrate fossils dating from the early Paleogene Period (55 million years ago, only 10 million years after the extinction of the dinosaurs), making it a crucial period in mammal evolution.  It is also important in demonstrating Australia's Gondwanan links with South America in the form of similar fossils from the two continents.

text: The Murgon fossil site is a

text: paleontological

text: site of early

text: Eocene

text: age in south-eastern

text: Queensland

text: Australia

text: .  It lies near the town of

text: Murgon

text: , some 270 km north-west of

text: Brisbane

text: .  The Murgon site is important as the only site on the continent with a diverse range of vertebrate fossils dating from the early

text: Paleogene

text: Period (55 million years ago, only 10 million years after the

text: extinction of the dinosaurs

text: ), making it a crucial period in

text: mammal

text: evolution.  It is also important in demonstrating Australia's

text: Gondwana

text: n links with

text: South America

text: in the form of similar fossils from the two continents.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwanan

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Murgon site is important as the only site on the continent with a diverse range of vertebrate fossils dating from the early Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 55 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years after the extinction of the dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Paleogene Period?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the Murgon fossil site important?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (55 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Australia's Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extinction of the dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (55 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: vertebrate fossils dating from the early Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Australia's Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 10 million years after the extinction of the dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gondwanan links with South America

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Paleogene Period

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extinction of the dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: dinosaurs),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: dinosaurs),

text: Estimates of the production of organics from these sources suggest that the Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by terrestrial sources.

text: Estimates of the production of organics from these sources suggest that the

text: Late Heavy Bombardment

text: before 3.5 Ga within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Late Heavy Bombardment made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nonliving

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Estimates of the production of organics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: terrestrial sources.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment before 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Late Heavy Bombardment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 3.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: organics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organics

text: When first described, Makarkinia was known from a single fossil wing which is a compression-impression fossil preserved in layers of soft sedimentary rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the Makarkinia specimens were collected from layers of the Upper Aptian Crato Formation. The formation is composed of unweathered grey and oxidized yellow limestones, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds and reptiles as a notable lagerstätten. The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes, though the nature as a fresh or salt-water body is uncertain. The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep. The basin formed near the center of the supercontinent Gondwana during the early part of the diversification of flowering plants.

text: When first described, Makarkinia was known from a single fossil wing which is a

text: compression-impression fossil

text: preserved in layers of soft

text: sedimentary

text: rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the Makarkinia specimens were collected from layers of the

text: Upper Aptian

text: Crato Formation

text: . The formation is composed of unweathered grey and oxidized yellow limestones, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds and reptiles as a notable

text: lagerstätten

text: . The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes, though the nature as a fresh or salt-water body is uncertain. The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep. The basin formed near the center of the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: during the early part of the diversification of

text: flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: How many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the early part of the diversification of flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Makarkinia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The area is a preserved inland lake

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: flowering plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: yellow limestones

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: soft sedimentary rock.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: compression-impression

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: diversification of flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Upper Aptian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Upper Aptian Crato Formation.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: insects, fish, birds and reptiles

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidized

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxidized yellow limestones,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Makarkinia

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: flowering plants.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: wing which is a compression-impression fossil

text: During the late Silurian period Baltica then collided with Laurentia which is named the Scandian phase of the Caledonian Orogeny. Baltica was subducted below Laurentia forming the Caledonian Belt.  The Caledonian Orogeny caused the closure of the Iapetus Ocean when the continents and terranes of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia collided. The combined mass of the three continents formed a "new" continent: Laurussia or Euramerica. The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the Ordovician to Early Devonian, roughly 490–390 Ma. The basement formations of the North Sea were roughly formed during this Caledonian geosynclinal stage of the Cambrian - Devonian periods.  The Caledonian mountains range helped create the ‘Old Red Sandstone’ continent at the joining of the tectonic plates.  The Rheic Ocean began to open to the south.

text: During the late

text: Silurian

text: period

text: Baltica

text: then collided with

text: Laurentia

text: which is named the Scandian phase of the

text: Caledonian Orogeny

text: . Baltica was subducted below Laurentia forming the Caledonian Belt.  The

text: Caledonian Orogeny

text: caused the closure of the

text: Iapetus Ocean

text: when the continents and

text: terrane

text: s of

text: Laurentia

text: Baltica

text: and

text: Avalonia

text: collided. The combined mass of the three continents formed a "new" continent:

text: Laurussia

text: or

text: Euramerica

text: . The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the

text: Ordovician

text: to Early

text: Devonian

text: , roughly 490–390

text: Ma

text: . The basement formations of the North Sea were roughly formed during this Caledonian

text: geosynclinal

text: stage of the

text: Cambrian

text: Devonian

text: periods.  The Caledonian mountains range helped create the ‘

text: Old Red Sandstone

text: ’ continent at the joining of the tectonic plates.  The

text: Rheic Ocean

text: began to open to the south.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Avalonia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 490-390 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 490–390 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the Ordovician to Early Devonian, roughly how many years ago?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The combined mass of the three continents formed a "new" continent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 490–390 Ma

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 490–390 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 390 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many types of organisms are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Caledonian Orogeny?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the Caledonian orogeny span?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many years did the Caledonian Orogeny last?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Caledonian Orogeny occur?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not a type of photosynthetic organism?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which happened first, Baltica collided with Laurentia or Laurentia collided with Laurentia?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Caledonian orogeny

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Rheic Ocean

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurussia or Euramerica.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Caledonian geosynclinal

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Baltica was subducted below Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: During the late Silurian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Scandian phase of the Caledonian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laurussia or Euramerica.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Caledonian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 490–390 Ma.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Laurussia or Euramerica.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Caledonian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Caledonian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Iapetus Ocean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ordovician to Early Devonian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Caledonian Orogeny.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Caledonian geosynclinal

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Caledonian geosynclinal

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The basement formations of the North Sea

text: There is evidence of precession and changes in axial tilt, but this change is on much longer time-scales and does not involve relative motion of the spin axis with respect to the planet. However, in what is known as true polar wander, the solid Earth can rotate with respect to a fixed spin axis. Research shows that during the last 200 million years a total true polar wander of some 30° has occurred, but that no super-rapid shifts in the Earth's pole were found during this period. A characteristic rate of true polar wander is 1° or less per million years. Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago, when the supercontinent Rodinia existed, two geologically rapid phases of true polar wander may have occurred. In each of these, the magnetic poles of the Earth shifted by ~55°.

text: There is evidence of

text: precession

text: and changes in

text: axial tilt

text: , but this change is on much longer time-scales and does not involve relative motion of the spin axis with respect to the planet. However, in what is known as

text: true polar wander

text: , the solid Earth can rotate with respect to a fixed spin axis. Research shows that during the last 200 million years a total true polar wander of some 30° has occurred, but that no super-rapid shifts in the Earth's pole were found during this period. A characteristic rate of true polar wander is 1° or less per million years. Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago, when the

text: supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: existed, two geologically rapid phases of true polar wander may have occurred. In each of these, the magnetic poles of the Earth shifted by ~55°.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: precession and changes in axial tilt

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The magnetic poles of the Earth shifted by  55°.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 790 and 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: true polar wander occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 790 and 810 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: precession

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic poles

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 790 and 810 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: relative motion of the spin axis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the solid Earth can rotate with respect to a fixed spin axis.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 790 and 810 million years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 790 and 810 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1° or less per million years.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1° or less per million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 1° or less per million years.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: two geologically rapid phases of true polar wander

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1° or less per million years.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 55°.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 200 million years a total true polar wander

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 810 million years ago, when the supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 790 and 810 million years

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: solid Earth can rotate with respect to a fixed spin axis.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic poles

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: true polar wander,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic poles

text: The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian, probably due to the ancient continent of Gondwana covering the South Pole and cutting off polar ocean currents. However, average temperatures were 7 degrees Celsius higher than today.  There were likely polar ice caps and a series of glaciations, as the planet was still recovering from an earlier Snowball Earth. It became warmer towards the end of the period; the glaciers receded and eventually disappeared, and sea levels rose dramatically. This trend would continue into the Ordovician period.

text: The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian, probably due to the ancient continent of Gondwana covering the

text: South Pole

text: and cutting off polar ocean currents. However, average temperatures were 7 degrees Celsius higher than today.  There were likely polar ice caps and a series of glaciations, as the planet was still recovering from an earlier

text: Snowball Earth

text: . It became warmer towards the end of the period; the glaciers receded and eventually disappeared, and sea levels rose dramatically. This trend would continue into the

text: Ordovician

text: period.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was in the early Cambrian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ice caps and a series of glaciations?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: average temperatures were 7 degrees Celsius higher than today

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: polar ice caps

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Ordovician

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It became warmer towards the end of the period

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why was the Earth generally cold during the early Cambrian?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: polar ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polar ocean currents

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: polar ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: average temperatures were 7 degrees Celsius higher than today.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: average temperatures were 7 degrees Celsius higher than today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It became warmer

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polar ice caps

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cambrian,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: polar ocean currents.

text: During this era, oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved, releasing an abundance of oxygen, that first reacted with minerals and afterward was free to react with greenhouse gases of the atmosphere, leaving the Earth's surface free to radiate its energy to space. This is known as the oxygen catastrophe which was to happen later in the Paleoproterozoic from a poisonous buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere, released by these oxygen producing photoautotrophs, which evolved earlier in the Neoarchean.

text: During this era, oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved, releasing an abundance of oxygen, that first reacted with minerals and afterward was free to react with greenhouse gases of the atmosphere, leaving the Earth's surface free to radiate its energy to space. This is known as the

text: oxygen catastrophe

text: which was to happen later in the

text: Paleoproterozoic

text: from a poisonous buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere, released by these oxygen producing photoautotrophs, which evolved earlier in the Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Paleoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Paleoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoarchean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved, releasing an abundance of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoarchean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoarchean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's surface radiates its energy to space

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoarchean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: photoautotrophs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the oxygen catastrophe?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photoautotrophs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: photoautotrophs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Paleoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved, releasing an abundance of oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: photoautotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved, releasing an abundance of oxygen,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Neoarchean.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: photoautotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: photoautotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxygenic photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: photoautotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: photoautotrophs,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen,

text: The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and Eridania quadrangles  (Terra Cimmeria and Terra Sirenum). The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2000 km. These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down. When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of plate tectonics.  Researchers believe these magnetic stripes on Mars are evidence for a short, early period of plate tectonic activity.  When the rocks became solid they retained the magnetism that existed at the time.  A magnetic field of a planet is believed to be caused by fluid motions under the surface. However, there are some differences, between the magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars. The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized, and do not appear to spread out from a middle crustal spreading zone. Because the area containing the magnetic stripes is about 4 billion years old, it is believed that the global magnetic field probably lasted for only the first few hundred million years of Mars' life, when the temperature of the molten iron in the planet's core might have been high enough to mix it into a magnetic dynamo.  There are no magnetic fields near large impact basins like Hellas.  The shock of the impact may have erased the remnant magnetization in the rock.  So, magnetism produced by early fluid motion in the core would not have existed after the impacts.

text: The

text: Mars Global Surveyor

text: (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and

text: Eridania quadrangle

text: s  (

text: Terra Cimmeria

text: and Terra Sirenum). The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2000 km. These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down. When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of

text: plate tectonics

text: .  Researchers believe these magnetic stripes on Mars are evidence for a short, early period of plate tectonic activity.  When the rocks became solid they retained the magnetism that existed at the time.  A magnetic field of a planet is believed to be caused by fluid motions under the surface. However, there are some differences, between the magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars. The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized, and do not appear to spread out from a middle crustal spreading zone. Because the area containing the magnetic stripes is about 4 billion years old, it is believed that the global magnetic field probably lasted for only the first few hundred million years of Mars' life, when the temperature of the molten iron in the planet's core might have been high enough to mix it into a magnetic dynamo.  There are no magnetic fields near large impact basins like Hellas.  The shock of the impact may have erased the remnant magnetization in the rock.  So, magnetism produced by early fluid motion in the core would not have existed after the impacts.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hellas

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Which is not a last name, Mars or Earth?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Magnetism?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: magnetism produced by early fluid motion in the core would not have existed after the impacts

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: similar stripes were discovered on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Eridania

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years old is Mars?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years old is the area containing the magnetic stripes?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How long ago were the first continents on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did plate tectonics occur on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hellas.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Phaethontis

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1960s, they were taken as evidence of plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: a short, early period of plate tectonic activity.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mars, especially in the Phaethontis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic stripes

text: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa after the breakup of the supercontinent of Pangaea, which in Greek means, "all the earth."

text: The

text: Pacific Ocean

text: evolved from Panthalassa after the breakup of the supercontinent of

text: Pangaea

text: , which in Greek means, "all the earth."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It was super fast.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about how many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to some of the oxygen in the early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent of Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent of Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: breakup of the supercontinent of Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The Pacific Ocean evolved from Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Pacific Ocean

text: Maps prepared by Christopher Tolkien and J.R.R. Tolkien for the world encompassing The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings were published as foldouts or illustrations in The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales, as well as in poster format as "A Map of Middle-Earth." (The maps of 'Middle-earth' only show the north-west of the continent, as indicated on the revised map published in Unfinished Tales.) Early conceptions of the maps provided in The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings were included in several volumes, including "The First Silmarillion Map" in The Shaping of Middle-earth, "The First Map of the Lord of the Rings" in The Treason of Isengard, "The Second Map (West)" and "The Second Map (East)" in The War of the Ring, and "The Second Map of Middle-earth west of the Blue Mountains" (also known as "The Second Silmarillion Map") in The War of the Jewels.

text: Maps prepared by Christopher Tolkien and J.R.R. Tolkien for the world encompassing The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings were published as foldouts or illustrations in The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, and

text: Unfinished Tales

text: , as well as in poster format as "

text: A Map of Middle-Earth

text: ." (The maps of 'Middle-earth' only show the north-west of the continent, as indicated on the revised map published in Unfinished Tales.) Early conceptions of the maps provided in The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings were included in several volumes, including "The First Silmarillion Map" in The Shaping of Middle-earth, "The First Map of the Lord of the Rings" in

text: The Treason of Isengard

text: , "The Second Map (West)" and "The Second Map (East)" in

text: The War of the Ring

text: , and "The Second Map of Middle-earth west of the Blue Mountains" (also known as "The Second Silmarillion Map") in

text: The War of the Jewels

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The maps of 'Middle-earth' only show the north-west of the continent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Silmarillion

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Maps prepared by Christopher Tolkien

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: north-west

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Maps prepared by Christopher Tolkien

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: (The maps of 'Middle-earth'

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The Shaping of Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Blue Mountains"

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Silmarillion Map" in The Shaping of Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Shaping of Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Maps prepared by Christopher Tolkien

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Shaping of Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: 'Middle-earth'

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: poster format as "A Map of Middle-Earth."

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: foldouts

text: Nick Eyles suggest that the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth was in fact no different from any other glaciation in Earth's history, and that efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure. The "Zipper rift" hypothesis proposes two pulses of continental "unzipping" — first, the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, forming the proto-Pacific Ocean; then the splitting of the continent Baltica from Laurentia, forming the proto-Atlantic — coincided with the glaciated periods.The associated tectonic uplift would form high plateaus, just as the East African Rift is responsible for high topography; this high ground could then host glaciers.

text: Nick Eyles suggest that the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth was in fact no different from any other glaciation in Earth's history, and that efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure. The "Zipper rift" hypothesis proposes two pulses of continental "unzipping" — first, the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, forming the proto-Pacific Ocean; then the splitting of the continent

text: Baltica

text: from

text: Laurentia

text: , forming the proto-Atlantic — coincided with the glaciated periods.The associated tectonic uplift would form high plateaus, just as the

text: East African Rift

text: is responsible for high topography; this high ground could then host glaciers.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Baltica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The associated tectonic uplift would form high plateaus

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic uplift

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the proto-Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unzipping

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unzipping

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The "Zipper rift" hypothesis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unzipping

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unzipping

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Baltica from Laurentia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: glaciation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: periods.The associated tectonic uplift would form high plateaus,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic uplift

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: proto-Pacific Ocean;

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Nick Eyles

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Nick Eyles

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: proto-Pacific Ocean;

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nick Eyles

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: two pulses of continental "unzipping"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: proto-Pacific Ocean;

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: efforts to find a single cause are likely to end in failure.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: East African Rift

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "unzipping"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Zipper rift"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Nick Eyles suggest that the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glaciers.

text: Kenorland was one of the earliest supercontinents on Earth. It is thought to have formed during the Neoarchaean Era c. 2.7 billion years ago (2.7 Ga) by the accretion of Neoarchaean cratons and the formation of new continental crust. It comprised what later became Laurentia (the core of today's North America and Greenland), Baltica (today's Scandinavia and Baltic), Western Australia and Kalaharia. It also formed a substantial and substantive part of Nena, the supercontinent associated with the Sudbury Basin Impact.

text: Kenorland was one of the earliest

text: supercontinent

text: s on Earth. It is thought to have formed during the

text: Neoarchaean

text: Era

text: c. 2.7 billion years ago (2.7

text: Ga

text: ) by the

text: accretion

text: of Neoarchaean

text: craton

text: s and the formation of new

text: continent

text: al

text: crust

text: . It comprised what later became

text: Laurentia

text: (the core of today's North America and Greenland),

text: Baltica

text: (today's Scandinavia and Baltic),

text: Western Australia

text: and

text: Kalaharia

text: . It also formed a substantial and substantive part of

text: Nena

text: , the supercontinent associated with the

text: Sudbury Basin Impact

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Nena

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Laurentia (the core of today's North America and Greenland), Baltica (today's Scandinavia and Baltic), Western Australia and Kalaharia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cratons collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many supercontinents did Kenorland comprise?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Sudbury Basin Impact

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Nena,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Neoarchaean cratons

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: c. 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Neoarchaean cratons

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: accretion of Neoarchaean cratons

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It also formed a substantial and substantive part of Nena,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: accretion of Neoarchaean cratons

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Neoarchaean cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: (2.7 Ga)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Kenorland was one of the earliest supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 2.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Neoarchaean Era

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinents on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Sudbury Basin Impact.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Neoarchaean cratons and the formation of new continental crust.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Neoarchaean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Neoarchaean cratons and the formation of new continental crust.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Sudbury Basin Impact.

text: Philosophical attempts to rationalize why different substances have different properties (color, density, smell), exist in different states (gaseous, liquid, and solid), and react in a different manner when exposed to environments, for example to water or fire or temperature changes, led ancient philosophers to postulate the first theories on nature and chemistry. The history of such philosophical theories that relate to chemistry can probably be traced back to every single ancient civilization. The common aspect in all these theories was the attempt to identify a small number of primary classical element that make up all the various substances in nature. Substances like air, water, and soil/earth, energy forms, such as fire and light, and more abstract concepts such as ideas, aether, and heaven, were common in ancient civilizations even in absence of any cross-fertilization; for example in Greek, Indian, Mayan, and ancient Chinese philosophies all considered air, water, earth and fire as primary elements.

text: Philosophical attempts to rationalize why different substances have different properties (color, density, smell), exist in different states (gaseous, liquid, and solid), and react in a different manner when exposed to environments, for example to water or fire or temperature changes, led ancient philosophers to postulate the first theories on nature and chemistry. The history of such philosophical theories that relate to chemistry can probably be traced back to every single ancient civilization. The common aspect in all these theories was the attempt to identify a small number of primary

text: classical element

text: that make up all the various substances in nature. Substances like air, water, and soil/earth, energy forms, such as fire and light, and more abstract concepts such as ideas, aether, and heaven, were common in ancient civilizations even in absence of any cross-fertilization; for example in Greek, Indian, Mayan, and ancient Chinese philosophies all considered

text: air

text: water

text: earth

text: and

text: fire

text: as primary elements.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: soil/earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: aether, and heaven

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: soil/earth

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cross-fertilization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The history of such philosophical theories can probably be traced back to every single ancient civilization

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: air, water, and soil

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: soil/earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water or fire

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Chinese

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: air, water, and soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: ancient civilization.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: react in a different manner when exposed to environments,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: air, water, and soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: every single ancient civilization.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: air, water, and soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: chemistry.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ancient civilizations even in absence of any cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: chemistry.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ancient civilizations even in absence of any cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Philosophical

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: every single ancient civilization.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ancient civilizations even in absence of any cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient civilization.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: air, water, and soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cross-fertilization;

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: air, water, and soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: soil/earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: smell),

text: The Ancient language has a unique writing system that has no analogues with any known Earth alphabet. Ancient letter are squarish and dominated by right angles, and as a full letter, a letter contains 24 squarish dots. There are 25 distinct letters ('F' and 'U' are the same character) and 10 numerals (from 0 to 9) in the Ancient-English conversion. It has been mentioned though that the Ancients have an Octal counting system, meaning based on 8, not like the decimal system of the Tau'ri, based on 10, although the Stargate Universe symbols include symbols for 8 and 9. Exactly how the characters were used by the Ancients is unknown. It has been mentioned that some Ancient characters have different meanings when read upside down. The Ancient writing system has been shown to be learnable with moderate difficulty by humans. However, the pronunciation of Ancient words has fluctuated during the millennia the language was used.

text: The Ancient language has a unique writing system that has no analogues with any known Earth alphabet. Ancient letter are squarish and dominated by right angles, and as a full letter, a letter contains 24 squarish dots. There are 25 distinct letters ('F' and 'U' are the same character) and 10 numerals (from 0 to 9) in the Ancient-English conversion. It has been mentioned though that the Ancients have an

text: Octal

text: counting system, meaning based on 8, not like the

text: decimal

text: system of the

text: Tau'ri

text: , based on 10, although the Stargate Universe symbols include symbols for 8 and 9. Exactly how the characters were used by the Ancients is unknown. It has been mentioned that some Ancient characters have different meanings when read upside down. The Ancient writing system has been shown to be learnable with moderate difficulty by humans. However, the pronunciation of Ancient words has fluctuated during the millennia the language was used.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Alphabet

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Ancient writing system has been shown to be learnable with moderate difficulty by humans

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has the Ancient language been used?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Tau'ri,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: alphabet.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some Ancient characters have different meanings when read upside down.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 24 squarish dots.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 8, not like the decimal system of the Tau'ri,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 24 squarish dots.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 8 and 9.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancient letter are squarish and dominated by right angles,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ancient letter are squarish and dominated by right angles,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 8,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ancient language

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Octal counting system,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 8, not like the decimal system of the Tau'ri,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Ancient

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 8, not like the decimal system of the Tau'ri,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 24 squarish dots.

text: Since a gene duplication occurs in only one cell, either in a single-celled organism or in the germ cell of a multi-cellular organism, its carrier (i.e. the organism) usually has to compete against other organisms that do not carry the duplication. If the duplication disrupts the normal functioning of an organism, the organism has a reduced reproductive success (or low fitness) compared to its competitors and will most likely die out rapidly. If the duplication has no effect on fitness, it might be maintained in a certain proportion of a population. In certain cases, the duplication of a certain gene might be immediately beneficial, providing its carrier with a fitness advantage.

text: Since a gene duplication occurs in only one cell, either in a single-celled organism or in the germ cell of a multi-cellular organism, its carrier (i.e. the organism) usually has to compete against other organisms that do not carry the duplication. If the duplication disrupts the normal functioning of an organism, the organism has a reduced reproductive success (or low

text: fitness

text: ) compared to its competitors and will most likely die out rapidly. If the duplication has no effect on fitness, it might be maintained in a certain proportion of a population. In certain cases, the duplication of a certain gene might be immediately beneficial, providing its carrier with a fitness advantage.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The duplication of a certain gene might be immediately beneficial, providing its carrier with a fitness advantage.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would most likely die out rapidly

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: duplication occurs in only one cell

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It might be maintained in a certain proportion of a population

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: low fitness

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: If the duplication has no effect on fitness, it might be maintained in a certain proportion

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: low fitness

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: most likely die out rapidly

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: low fitness

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single-celled organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single-celled organism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the duplication of a certain gene might be immediately beneficial,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: single-celled organism

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: single-celled organism or in the germ cell

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: a multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: germ cell of a multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: germ cell of a multi-cellular organism,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: most likely die out rapidly.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Since a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: single-celled organism

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: a gene duplication

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single-celled

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: germ cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: gene duplication

text: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

text: A partial

text: solar eclipse

text: occurred on July 21, 1906. A

text: solar eclipse

text: occurs when the

text: Moon

text: passes between

text: Earth

text: and the

text: Sun

text: , thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Solar eclipses?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the same time

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How did mantle convection change?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did the partial solar eclipse occur?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years did the Precambrian Era last?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Moon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 1906.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A partial solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A partial solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1906.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 1906.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: A partial solar eclipse occurred on July 21, 1906.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polar regions

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: A partial solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solar eclipse

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A partial solar eclipse

text: Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer used to create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light. It is used in this regard to make organic peroxides by a Diels-Alder reaction which is spin forbidden with normal atmospheric triplet oxygen.

text: Methylene blue is also a

text: photosensitizer

text: used to create

text: singlet oxygen

text: when exposed to both oxygen and light. It is used in this regard to make organic

text: peroxides

text: by a

text: Diels-Alder

text: reaction which is

text: spin forbidden

text: with normal atmospheric

text: triplet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Methylene blue is a photosensitizer

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: methylene blue is used to create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: diels-alder reaction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: triplet oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Diels-Alder reaction

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen and light.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: triplet oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Methylene

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Diels-Alder reaction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Methylene blue

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: singlet oxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: organic peroxides

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic peroxides

text: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen. Without a complex circulatory system, low concentrations of oxygen cannot reach the centre of an organism quickly enough to supply its metabolic demand.

text: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric

text: oxygen

text: . Without a complex

text: circulatory system

text: , low concentrations of oxygen cannot reach the centre of an organism quickly enough to supply its metabolic demand.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: low concentrations of

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a complex circulatory system is required for oxygen to reach the centre of an organism

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: could not survive in low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: low concentrations of oxygen cannot reach the centre of an organism

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: complex circulatory system

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough oxygen

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: low concentrations of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: complex circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: oxygen. Without a complex circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Without a complex circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A primary size-limiting factor is the amount of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen cannot reach the centre of an organism quickly enough to supply its metabolic demand.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: complex circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: Tectonic boundaries have been discovered on Mars. Valles Marineris is a horizontally sliding tectonic boundary that divides two major partial or complete plates of Mars. The recent finding suggests that Mars is geologically active with occurrences in the millions of years, and there is additional speculation.There has been previous evidence of Mars' geologic activity. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and Eridania quadrangles. The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2000 km. These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down. When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of plate tectonics. However, there are some differences, between the magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars. The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized, and do not appear to spread out from a middle crustal spreading zone.Because the area with the magnetic stripes is about 4 billion years old, it is believed that the global magnetic field probably lasted for only the first few hundred million years of Mars' life. At that time the temperature of the molten iron in the planet's core might have been high enough to mix it into a magnetic dynamo. Younger rock does not show any stripes.When molten rock containing magnetic material, such as hematite (Fe2O3), cools and solidifies in the presence of a magnetic field, it becomes magnetized and takes on the polarity of the background field. This magnetism is lost only if the rock is subsequently heated above the Curie temperature, which is 770 °C for pure iron, but lower for oxides such as hematite (approximately 650 °C) or magnetite (approximately 580 °C). The magnetism left in rocks is a record of the magnetic field when the rock solidified.

text: Tectonic boundaries have been discovered on Mars. Valles Marineris is a horizontally sliding tectonic boundary that divides two major partial or complete plates of Mars. The recent finding suggests that Mars is geologically active with occurrences in the millions of years, and there is additional speculation.There has been previous evidence of Mars' geologic activity. The

text: Mars Global Surveyor

text: (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and

text: Eridania quadrangle

text: s. The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2000 km. These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down. When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of

text: plate tectonics

text: . However, there are some differences, between the

text: magnetic stripes

text: on Earth and those on Mars. The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized, and do not appear to spread out from a middle crustal spreading zone.Because the area with the magnetic stripes is about 4 billion years old, it is believed that the global magnetic field probably lasted for only the first few hundred million years of Mars' life. At that time the temperature of the molten iron in the planet's core might have been high enough to mix it into a magnetic dynamo. Younger rock does not show any stripes.When molten rock containing magnetic material, such as

text: hematite

text: (Fe2O3), cools and solidifies in the presence of a magnetic field, it becomes magnetized and takes on the polarity of the background field. This magnetism is lost only if the rock is subsequently heated above the Curie temperature, which is 770 °C for pure iron, but lower for oxides such as hematite (approximately 650 °C) or magnetite (approximately 580 °C). The magnetism left in rocks is a record of the magnetic field when the rock solidified.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Tectonic boundaries have been discovered on Mars

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Magnetism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Younger rock does not show any stripes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not been discovered on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars is geologically active

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molten rock cools and solidifies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mars Global Surveyor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of eukaryote?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the difference between the magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not a continent?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is Mars geologically active with occurrences in the millions of years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not an example of plate tectonics?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mars Global Surveyor

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Curie temperature

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ethanol

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars'

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hematite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Younger rock does not show any stripes.When

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Younger rock does not show any stripes.When

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molten rock containing magnetic material,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: magnet

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars'

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mars'

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: magnetic dynamo.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: al spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Mars'

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: hematite

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: magnetic dynamo.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Younger rock does not show any stripes.When

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hematite (Fe2O3),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.Because

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: hematite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hematite (Fe2O3),

text: [[Image:Carter-Hall-knife.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Carter Hall finds the ancient knife connected to his past life. Interior panel of Flash Comics #1 (1940).<br> Art by Dennis Neville.]]The JSA and Hawkman regroup in the early 1960s following the Flash's meeting with his counterpart on the parallel world Earth-1, the JSA being active on Earth-2. Around this time, the Halls, having married, have a son, Hector. Little is known of Hawkman's activities during the 1960s, other than the JSA's annual meeting with Earth-1's Justice League of America.

text: [[Image:Carter-Hall-knife.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Carter Hall finds the ancient knife connected to his past life. Interior panel of Flash Comics #1 (1940).<br> Art by Dennis Neville.]]The JSA and Hawkman regroup in the early 1960s following the Flash's meeting with

text: his counterpart

text: on the

text: parallel world

text: , the JSA being active on

text: . Around this time, the Halls, having married, have a son,

text: Hector

text: . Little is known of Hawkman's activities during the 1960s, other than the JSA's annual meeting with Earth-1's

text: Justice League of America

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The JSA and Hawkman regroup in the early 1960s

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: [[Image]]

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Little is known of Hawkman's activities during the 1960s

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: [[Image:Carter-Hall-knife.jpg||thumb|left|300px|Carter Hall finds the ancient knife connected to his past life. Interior panel of Flash Comics #1 (1940) br> Art by Dennis Neville.]]

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-1

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-1 is merged with Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-1

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: [[Eukaryotes are more common than prokaryoes.]]

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: [[Image: Rodinia.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Rodinia was the first supercontinent.]]

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: [[Answer:A]]

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: [[Image: Flash Comics #1 (1940). br> Art by Dennis Neville.]]

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: [[Answer:C].]]

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: [[Image: Earth-1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.]]

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: [[Image: Pangaea.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Pangaea was the first supercontinent to form on Earth.]]

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the name of Carter Hall's son?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: [[The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.]]

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: [[Answer:A]]

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: [[Imagesynthetic organisms were most like modern E. coli.]]

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: [[Image: Flash Comics #1]]

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: [[Edinacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.]]

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: [[Plants]]

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: [[Image]]

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: [[Gas]]

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-2

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: [[DNA]]

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: [[Waste product of photosynthesis]]

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Halls, having married, have a son, Hector.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Halls, having married, have a son, Hector.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hawkman regroup in the early 1960s

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-2.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth-1,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: [[Image:Carter-Hall-knife.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Carter

text: As the earth moves along its orbital path, billions of particles known as meteors enter the earth's atmosphere every day, a small fraction of which have properties useful for point to point communication.  When these meteors begin to burn up, they create a trail of ionized particles in the E layer of the atmosphere that can persist for up to several seconds. The ionization trails can be very dense and thus used to reflect radio waves. The frequencies that can be reflected by any particular ion trail are determined by the intensity of the ionization created by the meteor, often a function of the initial size of the particle, and are generally between 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

text: As the earth moves along its orbital path, billions of particles known as meteors enter the earth's atmosphere every day, a small fraction of which have properties useful for point to point communication.  When these meteors begin to burn up, they create a trail of ionized particles in the

text: E layer

text: of the atmosphere that can persist for up to several seconds. The ionization trails can be very dense and thus used to reflect

text: radio wave

text: s. The frequencies that can be reflected by any particular ion trail are determined by the intensity of the ionization created by the meteor, often a function of the initial size of the particle, and are generally between 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a trail of ionized particles

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ionization trails can be very dense and thus used to reflect radio waves

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth moves along its orbital path

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 50 MHz

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: E layer of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: radio waves

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth moves along its orbital path,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ionized particles

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ionization trails can be very dense and thus used to reflect radio waves.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: As the earth moves along its orbital path,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: meteors enter the earth's atmosphere every day,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 30 MHz and 50 MHz.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: burn up,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: E layer

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: meteors

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ionized particles

text: Early sauropods and their prosauropod relatives were found around the world as all of the continents were at the time united into the single supercontinent, Pangaea, which made dispersal across the entire terrestrial world possible.

text: Early sauropods and their

text: prosauropod

text: relatives were found around the world as all of the continents were at the time united into the single supercontinent,

text: Pangaea

text: , which made

text: dispersal

text: across the entire terrestrial world possible.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the same time as the dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Early sauropods were found around the world

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago was Pangaea?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: dispersal

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: all of the continents were at the time united into the single supercontinent,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinent, Pangaea, which made dispersal

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early sauropods

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: united into the single supercontinent, Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: sauropods

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Early sauropods

text: An alternative explanation of these later deposits has undergone much discussion as part of the Snowball Earth hypothesis. Several hypotheses exist for the initiation of the Snowball Earths.  The initiation mechanisms which include the breakup of the early equatorial supercontinent (Rodinia), the first colonization of the land by early lichens and fungi and variations in the Earth's axial tilt  are yet to be convincingly identified. In a Snowball Earth state the earth's continents, and possibly seas at low latitudes, were subject to an ice age.

text: An alternative explanation of these later deposits has undergone much discussion as part of the

text: Snowball Earth

text: hypothesis. Several hypotheses exist for the initiation of the Snowball Earths.  The initiation mechanisms which include the breakup of the early equatorial

text: supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: ), the first colonization of the land by early lichens and fungi and variations in the Earth's axial tilt  are yet to be convincingly identified. In a Snowball Earth state the earth's continents, and possibly seas at low latitudes, were subject to an

text: ice age

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's axial tilt

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The breakup of the early equatorial supercontinent (Rodinia)

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did Rodinia break apart?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the Snowball Earth hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice age

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Rodinia),

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early equatorial

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: In a Snowball Earth state

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: colonization of the land by early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: equatorial

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In a Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: (Rodinia),

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Snowball Earth hypothesis.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: first colonization of the land by early lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice age.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lichens and fungi

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ice age.

text: Body fossils and trace fossils are the principal types of evidence about ancient life, and geochemical evidence has helped to decipher the evolution of life before there were organisms large enough to leave body fossils. Estimating the dates of these remains is essential but difficult: sometimes adjacent rock layers allow radiometric dating, which provides absolute dates that are accurate to within 0.5%, but more often paleontologists have to rely on relative dating by solving the "jigsaw puzzles" of biostratigraphy. Classifying ancient organisms is also difficult, as many do not fit well into the Linnaean taxonomy that is commonly used for classifying living organisms, and paleontologists more often use cladistics to draw up evolutionary "family trees". The final quarter of the 20th century saw the development of molecular phylogenetics, which investigates how closely organisms are related by measuring how similar the DNA is in their genomes. Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

text: Body fossils and

text: trace fossil

text: s are the principal types of evidence about ancient life, and

text: geochemical

text: evidence has helped to decipher the evolution of life before there were organisms large enough to leave body fossils. Estimating the dates of these remains is essential but difficult: sometimes adjacent rock layers allow

text: radiometric dating

text: , which provides

text: absolute dates

text: that are accurate to within 0.5%, but more often paleontologists have to rely on relative dating by solving the "

text: jigsaw puzzle

text: s" of

text: biostratigraphy

text: . Classifying ancient organisms is also difficult, as many do not fit well into the

text: Linnaean taxonomy

text: that is commonly used for classifying living organisms, and paleontologists more often use

text: cladistics

text: to draw up evolutionary "family trees". The final quarter of the 20th century saw the development of

text: molecular phylogenetics

text: , which investigates how closely organisms are related by measuring how similar the

text: DNA

text: is in their

text: genome

text: s. Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the

text: molecular clock

text: on which such estimates depend.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was not large enough to leave body fossils

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: body fossils

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are the principal types of evidence about ancient life

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fossils are found

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: body fossils

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution of life before there were organisms large enough to leave body fossils?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or phylogenetics?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many types of evidence about ancient life are there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: radiometric dating

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radiometric dating

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Body fossils and trace fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Estimating the dates of these remains is essential but difficult:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: before there were organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ancient life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: organisms large enough to leave body fossils.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: radiometric dating, which provides absolute dates that are accurate to within 0.5%,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecular phylogenetics,

text: The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.

text: The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by

text: philosophy

text: as much as

text: physical science

text: . The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and

text: robotic spacecraft

text: exploration

text: of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of

text: extrasolar planet

text: s, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among

text: star

text: s in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was framed by philosophy as much as physical science

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth is not unique among stars in hosting planets

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not unique among stars

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planets orbit stars

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Solar System

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The discovery of extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extrasolar planets,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life

text: In early 19th century Mormon theology, Joseph Smith taught that a theodemocracy would guide and direct the Kingdom of God (Zion) on the earth during the end times. On March 11, 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty, who were to work under the direction of the Priesthood authorities of his church, along with a Council of Friends. This group of three organizations was expected to rule as a world government just prior to the Millennium.

text: In early 19th century

text: Mormon

text: theology,

text: Joseph Smith

text: taught that a

text: theodemocracy

text: would guide and direct the

text: Kingdom of God

text: Zion

text: ) on the earth during the

text: end time

text: s. On March 11, 1844, Smith organized a

text: Council of Fifty

text: , who were to work under the direction of the

text: Priesthood

text: authorities of his church, along with a

text: Council of Friends

text: . This group of three organizations was expected to rule as a world government just prior to the

text: Millennium

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: limestone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Kingdom of God

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Joseph Smith taught that a theodemocracy would guide and direct the Kingdom

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Millennium

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Kingdom of God

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Zion?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many organizations were expected to rule as a world government?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Zion

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Zion

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Millennium.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Millennium.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1844,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Millennium.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Joseph Smith taught that a theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1844, Smith organized a Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Council of Fifty,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Millennium.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: a theodemocracy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: (Zion)

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (Zion)

text: Geophysicist Don L. Anderson has hypothesized that plate tectonics could not happen without the calcium carbonate laid down by bioforms at the edges of subduction zones. The massive weight of these sediments could be softening the underlying rocks, making them pliable enough to plunge. However, considering that some refractory minerals used for dating early Earth, such as zircon, are typically generated in subduction zones and associated with granites and pegmatites, some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth.

text: Geophysicist

text: Don L. Anderson

text: has hypothesized that plate tectonics could not happen without the

text: calcium carbonate

text: laid down by bioforms at the edges of subduction zones. The massive weight of these sediments could be softening the underlying rocks, making them pliable enough to plunge. However, considering that some refractory minerals used for dating early Earth, such as

text: zircon

text: , are typically generated in subduction zones and associated with

text: granites

text: and

text: pegmatites

text: , some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: may have preceded significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bioforms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bioforms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: significant biological activity on Earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: predate significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biological activity

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bioforms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: significant biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Geophysicist

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: bioforms at the edges of subduction zones.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: biological activity

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: zircon, are typically generated in subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: some of these early dates may have preceded significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: zircon, are typically generated in subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: zircon, are typically generated in subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: biological activity

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: preceded significant biological activity

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: biological activity on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biological activity

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: calcium carbonate

text: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size. Very small places like a single room are kept out of the umbrella of fictional locations by convention, as are most single buildings. A fictional location can be the size of a university (H.P. Lovecraft's Miskatonic University), a town (Stephen King's Salem's Lot), a county (Raintree County), a state (Winnemac in various Sinclair Lewis stories), a large section of continent (as in north-western Middle-earth, which supposedly represents Europe), a whole planet (Anne McCaffrey's Pern), a whole galaxy (Isaac Asimov's Foundation books), even a multiverse (His Dark Materials). In a larger scale, occasionally the term alternate reality is used, but only if it is considered a variant of Earth rather than an original world. Austin Tappan Wright's Islandia has an invented continent, Karain, on our world.

text: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size. Very small places like a single room are kept out of the umbrella of fictional locations by convention, as are most single buildings. A fictional location can be the size of a university (

text: H.P. Lovecraft

text: 's

text: Miskatonic University

text: ), a town (

text: Stephen King

text: 's

text: Salem's Lot

text: ), a county (

text: Raintree County

text: ), a state (

text: Winnemac

text: in various

text: Sinclair Lewis

text: stories), a large section of continent (as in north-western

text: Middle-earth

text: , which supposedly represents Europe), a whole planet (

text: Anne McCaffrey

text: 's

text: Pern

text: ), a whole galaxy (

text: Isaac Asimov

text: 's

text: Foundation

text: books), even a

text: multiverse

text: His Dark Materials

text: ). In a larger scale, occasionally the term

text: alternate reality

text: is used, but only if it is considered a variant of Earth rather than an original world.

text: Austin Tappan Wright

text: 's

text: Islandia

text: has an invented continent, Karain, on our world.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pern

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a multiverse

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a multiverse (His Dark Materials)

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Karain

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the term alternate reality used for?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Islandia

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: a multiverse

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: miskatonic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: alternate reality

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fictional locations

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: continent (as in north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Fictional

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Islandia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multiverse

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Karain,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: alternate reality

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: continent (as in north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: invented continent, Karain,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Fictional locations vary greatly in their size.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Miskatonic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: continent (as in north-western Middle-earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: large section of continent (as in north-western Middle-earth,

text: The HTC Merge is a Multi-band device supporting both GSM and CDMA2000 cellular communications.

text: The HTC Merge is a

text: Multi-band device

text: supporting both

text: GSM

text: and

text: cellular communications.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have existed if it were not for the HTC Merge.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The HTC Merge is a cell phone

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are classified as eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: GSM

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The HTC Merge is a multi-band device.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in the early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: isotope

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a Multi-band device supporting both GSM and CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Multi-band device supporting both GSM and CDMA2000 cellular communications.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: GSM and CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: GSM and CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: a Multi-band device supporting both GSM and CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The HTC Merge

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Multi-band device supporting both GSM and CDMA2000

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The HTC Merge

text: The study of abiogenesis involves geophysical, chemical, and biological considerations, with more recent approaches attempting a synthesis of all three. Many approaches investigate how self-replicating molecules, or their components, came into existence. It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed. The classic Miller–Urey experiment and similar research demonstrated that most amino acids, the basic chemical constituents of the proteins used in all living organisms, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate those of the early Earth. Various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions have been proposed, including lightning and radiation. Other approaches ("metabolism-first" hypotheses) focus on understanding how catalysis in chemical systems on the early Earth might have provided the precursor molecules necessary for self-replication. Complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System and in interstellar space, and these molecules may have provided starting material for the development of life on Earth.

text: The study of abiogenesis involves

text: geophysical

text: chemical

text: , and

text: biological

text: considerations, with more recent approaches attempting a synthesis of all three. Many approaches investigate how

text: self-replicating

text: molecule

text: s, or their components, came into existence. It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an

text: RNA world

text: , although

text: RNA

text: -based life may not have been the first life to have existed. The classic

text: Miller–Urey experiment

text: and similar research demonstrated that most

text: amino acid

text: s, the basic chemical constituents of the

text: protein

text: s used in all living organisms, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate those of the

text: early Earth

text: . Various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions have been proposed, including

text: lightning

text: and

text: radiation

text: . Other approaches ("metabolism-first" hypotheses) focus on understanding how

text: catalysis

text: in chemical systems on the early Earth might have provided the precursor molecules necessary for

text: self-replication

text: . Complex

entity_name: List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules

text: organic molecules

text: have been found in the

text: Solar System

text: and in

text: interstellar space

text: , and these molecules may have provided

text: starting material

text: for the development of life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: catalysis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System and in interstellar space, and these molecules may have provided starting material for the development of life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The classic Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: may not have been the first

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: abiogenesis involves geophysical

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an RNA world

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an RNA world

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The classic Miller–Urey experiment

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: interstellar space

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: amino acids

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: inorganic compounds

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: catalysis in chemical systems

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: catalysis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: abiogenesis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ("metabolism-first"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: RNA world,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: catalysis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lightning

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: amino acids,

text: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere: either an Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, or pure oxygen, which can be used at lower than standard atmospheric pressure. A nitrogen-oxygen mixture is used in the International Space Station and Soyuz spacecraft, while low-pressure pure oxygen is commonly used in space suits for extravehicular activity.

text: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere: either an Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, or pure oxygen, which can be used at lower than standard atmospheric pressure. A nitrogen-oxygen mixture is used in the International Space Station and Soyuz spacecraft, while low-pressure pure oxygen is commonly used in space suits for

text: extravehicular activity

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A nitrogen-oxygen mixture is used in the International Space Station and Soyuz spacecraft

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: low-pressure

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: lower than standard atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: pure oxygen, which can be used at lower than standard atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: lower than standard atmospheric pressure.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere:

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth-like

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nitrogen or helium,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

text: Mantle convection, the process that drives plate tectonics today, is a result of heat flow from the Earth's interior to the Earth's surface. It involves the creation of rigid tectonic plates at mid-oceanic ridges. These plates are destroyed by subduction into the mantle at subduction zones. During the early Archean (about 3.0 Ga) the mantle was much hotter than today, probably around , so convection in the mantle was faster. Although a process similar to present-day plate tectonics did occur, this would have gone faster too. It is likely that during the Hadean and Archean, subduction zones were more common, and therefore tectonic plates were smaller.

text: Mantle convection

text: , the process that drives plate tectonics today, is a result of heat flow from the Earth's interior to the Earth's surface. It involves the creation of rigid

text: tectonic plate

text: s at

text: mid-oceanic ridge

text: s. These plates are destroyed by

text: subduction

text: into the mantle at

text: subduction zone

text: s. During the early Archean (about 3.0 Ga) the mantle was much hotter than today, probably around , so convection in the mantle was faster. Although a process similar to present-day plate tectonics did occur, this would have gone faster too. It is likely that during the Hadean and Archean, subduction zones were more common, and therefore tectonic plates were smaller.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: about 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tectonic plates smaller than today

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: During the early Archean the mantle was much hotter than today

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: about 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hadean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.0 Ga

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Hadean and Archean occur?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mantle convection

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.0 Ga)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: convection in the mantle was faster.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: heat flow from the Earth's interior to the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.0 Ga)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: subduction zones. During the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mantle

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: During the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: During the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: During the early Archean

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Archean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Mantle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Mantle convection,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: Even so, volcanic outgassing could not have accounted for the amount of water in Earth's oceans. The vast majority of the water —and arguably carbon— necessary for life must have come from the outer Solar System, away from the Sun's heat, where it could remain solid. Comets impacting with the Earth in the Solar System's early years would have deposited vast amounts of water, along with the other volatile compounds life requires onto the early Earth, providing a kick-start to the origin of life.

text: Even so,

text: volcanic

text: outgassing could not have accounted for the amount of water in Earth's oceans. The vast majority of the water —and arguably carbon— necessary for life must have come from the outer Solar System, away from the Sun's heat, where it could remain solid.

text: Comet

text: s impacting with the Earth in the Solar System's early years would have deposited vast amounts of water, along with the other volatile compounds life requires onto the early Earth, providing a kick-start to the

text: origin of life

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: came from the outer Solar System, away from the Sun's heat, where it could remain solid

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's oceans

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Comets impacting with the Earth in the Solar System's early years would have deposited vast amounts of water, along with the other volatile compounds life requires onto the early Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: comets impacting with the Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: came from the outer Solar System

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: comets impact with the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's oceans

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: comets

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Comets impacting with the Earth in the Solar System's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: volcanic outgassing could not have accounted for the amount of water

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: volcanic outgassing could not have accounted for the amount of water

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Comets

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanic outgassing

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life must have come from the outer Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon—

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon—

text: The Americas is the supercontinent comprising North and South America, and associated islands.

text: The Americas

text: is the supercontinent comprising North and South America, and associated islands.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was on the Americas

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: North and South America

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Americas is a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not found in the Americas.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: North and South America

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Americas

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: apes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Americas is a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Americas first appear?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Americas is a supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Americas is a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Americas comprises North and South America, and associated islands

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: apes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: North and South America, and associated islands.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Americas is the supercontinent comprising North and South America,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Americas is the supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Americas

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: islands.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: islands.

text: There is an exception with cyanobacteria. Marine cyanobacteria are the smallest known photosynthetic organisms; the smallest of all, Prochlorococcus, is just 0.5 to 0.8 micrometres across. Prochlorococcus is possibly the most plentiful species on Earth: a single millilitre of surface seawater may contain 100,000 cells or more. Worldwide, there are estimated to be several octillion (~10) individuals. Prochlorococcus is ubiquitous between 40°N and 40°S and dominates in the oligotrophic (nutrient poor) regions of the oceans. The bacterium accounts for an estimated 20% of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, and forms part of the base of the ocean food chain.

text: There is an exception with

text: cyanobacteria

text: . Marine cyanobacteria are the smallest known

text: photosynthetic

text: organisms; the smallest of all,

text: Prochlorococcus

text: , is just 0.5 to 0.8 micrometres across. Prochlorococcus is possibly the most plentiful

text: species

text: on Earth: a single millilitre of surface seawater may contain 100,000 cells or more. Worldwide, there are estimated to be several

text: octillion

text: (~10) individuals. Prochlorococcus is ubiquitous between 40°N and 40°S and dominates in the

text: oligotroph

text: ic (nutrient poor) regions of the oceans. The bacterium accounts for an estimated 20% of the

text: oxygen

text: in the Earth's

text: atmosphere

text: , and forms part of the base of the ocean

text: food chain

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 40°N

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Prochlorococcus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Marine cyanobacteria are the smallest known photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Marine cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Prochlorococcus is ubiquitous between 40°N and 40°S

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 40°S

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many octillion individuals are there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacterium

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 40°N and 40°S

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: forms part of the base of the ocean food chain.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 40°N and 40°S

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prochlorococcus is possibly the most plentiful species on Earth:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: several octillion

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 20%

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacteria.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: The ocean formed when Pannotia disintegrated, Proto-Laurasia (Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia) rifted away from a supercontinent that would become Gondwana.  Proto-Tethys formed between these two supercontinents.  The ocean was bordered by Panthalassic Ocean to the north, separating it from Panthalassa by island arcs and Kazakhstania.  The Proto-Tethys expanded during the Cambrian.  The ocean was at its widest during the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.  The ocean was situated between the Siberia to the west, and Gondwana to the east.  The ocean began to shrink during the Late Silurian, when North China, and South China moved away from Gondwana and headed north.  In the late Devonian, the microcontinent of Kazakhstania collided with Siberia, shrinking the ocean even more.  The ocean closed when the North China craton collided with Siberia-Kazakstania continent in the Carboniferous, while the Paleo-Tethys Ocean expanded.

text: The ocean formed when

text: Pannotia

text: disintegrated,

text: Proto-Laurasia

text: (Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia) rifted away from a supercontinent that would become

text: Gondwana

text: .  Proto-Tethys formed between these two supercontinents.  The ocean was bordered by

text: Panthalassic Ocean

text: to the north, separating it from Panthalassa by

text: island arcs

text: and

text: Kazakhstania

text: .  The Proto-Tethys expanded during the

text: Cambrian

text: .  The ocean was at its widest during the Late

text: Ordovician

text: to Middle

text: Silurian

text: .  The ocean was situated between the

text: Siberia

text: to the west, and

text: Gondwana

text: to the east.  The ocean began to shrink during the Late Silurian, when

text: North China

text: , and

text: South China

text: moved away from Gondwana and headed north.  In the late

text: Devonian

text: , the microcontinent of

text: Kazakhstania

text: collided with Siberia, shrinking the ocean even more.  The ocean closed when the North China

text: craton

text: collided with Siberia-Kazakstania continent in the

text: Carboniferous

text: , while the Paleo-Tethys Ocean expanded.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which ocean was at its widest during the Cambrian?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ocean was bordered by Panthalassic Ocean to the north

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents collide with each other

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which happened first, the Cambrian or the Silurian?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the ocean begin to shrink?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many supercontinents were formed between these two supercontinents?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the ocean shrink?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which happened first, the Cambrian or the Devonian?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which happened first, the Proto-Tethys expanded during the Cambrian or the Carboniferous?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The ocean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The ocean began to shrink

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The ocean formed when Pannotia disintegrated,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinent that would become Gondwana.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Proto-Tethys expanded during the Cambrian.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Proto-Laurasia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Pannotia disintegrated,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microcontinent

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Proto-Tethys

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: island arcs

text: Whereas the earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa date back to the earliest times, the formation of African fauna as we know it today, began with the splitting up of the Gondwana supercontinent in the mid-Mesozoic era.

text: Whereas the earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa date back to the earliest times, the formation of African fauna as we know it today, began with the splitting up of the

text: Gondwana

text: supercontinent in the mid-

text: Mesozoic era

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: mid-Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: earliest times

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa date back to the earliest times

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fossil record of Africa

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: split up

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: traces of life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Africa date back to the earliest times,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the formation of African fauna

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Africa date back to the earliest times,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: earliest traces of life

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: splitting up of the Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: African fauna

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Whereas the earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Whereas the earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Africa date back to the earliest times,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: mid-Mesozoic era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earliest traces of life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: splitting up of the Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Gondwana supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: the formation of African fauna

text: By the late 19th century, many of the most conservative Christians accepted an ancient earth, and life on earth before Eden. Victorian Era Creationists were more akin to people who subscribe to theistic evolution today. Even fervent anti-evolutionist Scopes Trial prosecutor William Jennings Bryan interpreted the "days" of Genesis as ages of the earth, and acknowledged that biochemical evolution took place, drawing the line only at the story of Adam and Eve's creation. Prominent pre-World War II creationist Harry Rimmer allowed an Old Earth by slipping millions of years into putative gaps in the Genesis account, and claimed that the Noachian Flood was only a local phenomenon.

text: By the late 19th century, many of the most conservative Christians accepted an ancient earth, and life on earth before Eden.

text: Victorian Era

text: Creationists were more akin to people who subscribe to

text: theistic evolution

text: today. Even fervent anti-evolutionist

text: Scopes Trial

text: prosecutor

text: William Jennings Bryan

text: interpreted the "days" of

text: Genesis

text: as ages of the earth, and acknowledged that biochemical evolution took place, drawing the line only at the story of

text: Adam and Eve

text: 's creation. Prominent pre-World War II creationist

text: Harry Rimmer

text: allowed an

text: Old Earth

text: by slipping millions of years into putative gaps in the Genesis account, and claimed that the

text: Noachian Flood

text: was only a local phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: World War II

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: before Eden

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life on earth before

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biochemical

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Victorian Era Creationists were more akin to people who subscribe to theistic evolution today

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: before Eden

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: biochemical evolution takes place

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Noachian Flood

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did Harry Rimmer allow an Old Earth by slipping millions of years into putative gaps in the Genesis account?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: dna

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Noachian Flood

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: before Eden.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life on earth before Eden.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biochemical

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Victorian Era Creationists

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: life on earth before Eden.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biochemical

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life on earth before Eden. Victorian Era Creationists

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life on earth before Eden. Victorian Era Creationists

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: ancient earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: By the late 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: By the late 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Victorian Era Creationists

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: By the late 19th century,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: life on earth before Eden.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Victorian Era Creationists

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life on earth before Eden.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the Noachian Flood

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Eden.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: biochemical evolution

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biochemical

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biochemical evolution

text: At the beginning of the period, around  million years ago, the climate was very hot due to high concentration of  (4200 ppm) in the atmosphere, which gave a strong greenhouse effect. By contrast, today the concentration is above 400 ppm.  Marine water temperatures are assumed to have averaged 45 °C (113 °F), which restricted the diversification of complex multi-cellular organisms. But over time, the climate became cooler, and around 460 million years ago, the ocean temperatures became comparable to those of present-day equatorial waters.

text: At the beginning of the period, around  million years ago, the climate was very hot due to high concentration of  (4200 ppm) in the atmosphere, which gave a strong greenhouse effect. By contrast, today the concentration is above 400 ppm.  Marine water temperatures are assumed to have averaged 45 °C (113 °F), which restricted the diversification of complex multi-cellular organisms. But over time, the climate became cooler, and around 460 million years ago, the ocean temperatures became comparable to those of present-day equatorial waters.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 4200 ppm in the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: marine water temperatures are assumed to have averaged 45 °C

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: ocean temperatures are higher than present-day equatorial waters

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: complex multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many million years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 460 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenhouse effect

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: At the beginning of the period,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Marine water temperatures are assumed to have averaged 45 °C

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 460 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the climate was very hot

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: over time, the climate became cooler,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 460 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 460 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: complex multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: (113 °F),

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 460

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: around million years ago, the climate was very hot

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 460

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: today the concentration is above 400 ppm.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: At the beginning of the period,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: (113 °F),

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: (4200 ppm)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 460 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: high concentration of (4200 ppm)

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: (4200 ppm)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: complex multi-cellular organisms.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenhouse effect.

text: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration and decay, mechanisms in which animal life and bacteria consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

text: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via

text: respiration

text: and

text: decay

text: , mechanisms in which

text: animal

text: life and

text: bacteria

text: consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: saturn

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have consumed oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: respiration and decay

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost is via respiration and decay

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be found in the oceans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: carbon dioxide is released

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no answe

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how long ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The main way free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: animal life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: animal life and bacteria consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: animal life and bacteria consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: animal life and bacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: animal life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The main way free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration and decay,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: animal life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The main way free oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: respiration and decay,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animal life and bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide.

text: In the early 1970s, Superman's power levels (particularly his strength and invulnerability) are reduced as the result of a storyline involving an accident that renders most of Earth's Kryptonite inert, as well as creating a sand creature that drains a portion of Superman's powers. This leaves Superman lamenting about the fact that he was reduced to the point where he could not even push around an entire continent.

text: In the early 1970s, Superman's power levels (particularly his strength and invulnerability) are reduced as the result of a storyline involving an accident that renders most of Earth's Kryptonite inert, as well as creating a sand creature that drains a portion of Superman's powers. This leaves Superman lamenting about the fact that he was reduced to the point where he could not even push around an entire continent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The sand creature drains a portion of Superman's powers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's Kryptonite inert

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or sand?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Kryptonites

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: accident that renders most of Earth's Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sand creature that drains a portion of Superman's powers.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Superman's

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: continent.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Superman's

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sand creature

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: In the early 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: accident

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sand

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Kryptonite

text: |-| 26401 Sobotište || 1999 WX || Sobotište, a village in southwestern Slovakia, home of an astronomical observatory |-id=411| 26411 Jocorbferg ||  || 26411 Jocorbferg Discovered 1999 Dec. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Joseph Corbett Ferguson (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=412| 26412 Charlesyu ||  || 26412 Charlesyu Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Charles Cheng Yu (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Wheatley School, Old Westbury, New York, U.S.A.|-id=414| 26414 Amychyao ||  || 26414 Amychyao Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amy Cindy Chyao (b. 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. She attends the Williams High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=417| 26417 Michaelgord ||  || 26417 Michaelgord Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Aaron Gord (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project. He attends the Dayton Christian High School, Miamisburg, Ohio, U.S.A.|-id=422| 26422 Marekbuchman ||  || 26422 Marekbuchman Discovered 1999 Dec. 12 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Marek Buchman (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project. He attends the School for Extraordinary Gifted Children, Bratislava, Slovakia.|-id=424| 26424 Jacquelihung ||  || 26424 Jacquelihung Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Hung Jacqueline (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry team project. She attends the Taipei Municipal First Girls' Senior High School, Taipei City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=425| 26425 Linchichieh ||  || 26425 Linchichieh Discovered 1999 Dec. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lin Chi-Chieh (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry team project. She attends the Taipei Municipal First Girls' Senior High School, Taipei City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=426| 26426 Koechl ||  || 26426 Koechl Discovered 1999 Dec. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Juergen Koechl (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project. He attends the HTL Braunau am Inn, Braunau am Inn, Austria.|-id=429| 26429 Andiwagner ||  || 26429 Andiwagner Discovered 1999 Dec. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andreas Wagner (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project. He attends the HTL Braunau am Inn, Braunau am Inn, Austria.|-id=430| 26430 Thomwilkason ||  || 26430 Thomwilkason Discovered 1999 Dec. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Thomas Frederick Wilkason (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Mount de Sales Academy, Macon, Georgia, U.S.A.|-id=433| 26433 Michaelyurko ||  || 26433 Michaelyurko Discovered 1999 Dec. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Christopher Yurko (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Detroit Catholic Central High School, Novi, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=441| 26441 Nanayakkara ||  || 26441 Nanayakkara Discovered 2000 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ganindu Nanayakkara (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Ananda College, Colombo, Sri Lanka.|-id=442| 26442 Matfernandez ||  || 26442 Matfernandez Discovered 2000 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matthew Fernandez (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science team project. He attends the Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=447| 26447 Akrishnan ||  || 26447 Akrishnan Discovered 2000 Jan. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Akash Krishnan (b. 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science team project. He attends the Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=448| 26448 Tongjili ||  || 26448 Tongjili Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tongji Li (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Hershey High School, Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|-id=450| 26450 Tanyapetach ||  || 26450 Tanyapetach Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tanya Nicole Petach (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Fairview High School, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=451| 26451 Khweis ||  || 26451 Khweis Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Majdolene Ziad Khweis (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Taos High School, Taos, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=455| 26455 Priyamshah ||  || 26455 Priyamshah Discovered 2000 Jan. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Priyam C. Shah (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth-science team project. He attends the Sunset High School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=457| 26457 Naomishah ||  || 26457 Naomishah Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Naomi C. Shah (b. 1995) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Sunset High School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=458| 26458 Choihyuna ||  || 26458 Choihyuna Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Choi Hyun-A (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Damyang High School, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.|-id=459| 26459 Shinsubin ||  || 26459 Shinsubin Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shin Subin (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Damyang High School, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.|-id=462| 26462 Albertcui ||  || 26462 Albertcui Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Albert Cui (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Hillcrest High School, Midvale, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=466| 26466 Zarrin ||  || 26466 Zarrin Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Andrew Zarrin (b. 1995) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Saratoga High School, Saratoga, California, U.S.A.|-id=467| 26467 Jamespopper ||  || 26467 Jamespopper Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. James Sinclair Popper (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Marlborough College, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.|-id=468| 26468 Ianchan ||  || 26468 Ianchan Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ian Chan (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Plano East Senior High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=471| 26471 Tracybecker ||  || Tracy Michelle Becker (b. 1986) determined the shapes of the components of asteroid , the first triple-asteroid system discovered in the near-Earth population. She did this work as a student working at the Arecibo Observatory, earning a Ph.D. in 2016. |-id=474| 26474 Davidsimon ||  || 26474 Davidsimon Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Szabolcs Simon (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Szent Margit Secondary School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=475| 26475 Krisztisugar ||  || 26475 Krisztisugar Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Krisztina Sugar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. She attends the Szent Margit Secondary School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=478| 26478 Cristianrosu ||  || 26478 Cristianrosu Discovered 2000 Jan. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cristian Emilian Rosu (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Emanuil Gojdu National College, Oradea, Bihor, Romania.|-id=488| 26488 Beiser ||  || 26488 Beiser Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search at the Anderson Mesa Station. Antoinette S. Beiser (b. 1956), Lowell Observatory's librarian for twenty years, now concentrates on fundraising.|-id=493| 26493 Paulsucala ||  || 26493 Paulsucala Discovered 2000 Jan. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Paul Stelian Sucala (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Silvania National College, Zalau, Rhode Island, U.S.A.|-id=495| 26495 Eichorn ||  || Will Eichorn (b. 1943), an amateur astronomer and retired Dow Chemical optical technician, living in Bay City, Michigan. |-id=498| 26498 Dinotina ||  || Dino and Tina Grifoni, uncle and aunt of Andrea Boattini †|-id=500| 26500 Toshiohino ||  || Toshio Hino, Japanese astronomer |}

text: 26401 Sobotište

text: || 1999 WX ||

text: Sobotište

text: , a village in southwestern Slovakia, home of an astronomical observatory |-id=411|

text: 26411 Jocorbferg

text: ||  || 26411 Jocorbferg Discovered 1999 Dec. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Joseph Corbett Ferguson (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=412|

text: 26412 Charlesyu

text: ||  || 26412 Charlesyu Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Charles Cheng Yu (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Wheatley School, Old Westbury, New York, U.S.A.|-id=414|

text: 26414 Amychyao

text: ||  || 26414 Amychyao Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amy Cindy Chyao (b. 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. She attends the Williams High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=417|

text: 26417 Michaelgord

text: ||  || 26417 Michaelgord Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Aaron Gord (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project. He attends the Dayton Christian High School, Miamisburg, Ohio, U.S.A.|-id=422|

text: 26422 Marekbuchman

text: ||  || 26422 Marekbuchman Discovered 1999 Dec. 12 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Marek Buchman (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project. He attends the School for Extraordinary Gifted Children, Bratislava, Slovakia.|-id=424|

text: 26424 Jacquelihung

text: ||  || 26424 Jacquelihung Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Hung Jacqueline (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry team project. She attends the Taipei Municipal First Girls' Senior High School, Taipei City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=425|

text: 26425 Linchichieh

text: ||  || 26425 Linchichieh Discovered 1999 Dec. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lin Chi-Chieh (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry team project. She attends the Taipei Municipal First Girls' Senior High School, Taipei City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=426|

text: 26426 Koechl

text: ||  || 26426 Koechl Discovered 1999 Dec. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Juergen Koechl (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project. He attends the HTL Braunau am Inn, Braunau am Inn, Austria.|-id=429|

text: 26429 Andiwagner

text: ||  || 26429 Andiwagner Discovered 1999 Dec. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andreas Wagner (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project. He attends the HTL Braunau am Inn, Braunau am Inn, Austria.|-id=430|

text: 26430 Thomwilkason

text: ||  || 26430 Thomwilkason Discovered 1999 Dec. 10 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Thomas Frederick Wilkason (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Mount de Sales Academy, Macon, Georgia, U.S.A.|-id=433|

text: 26433 Michaelyurko

text: ||  || 26433 Michaelyurko Discovered 1999 Dec. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Christopher Yurko (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Detroit Catholic Central High School, Novi, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=441|

text: 26441 Nanayakkara

text: ||  || 26441 Nanayakkara Discovered 2000 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ganindu Nanayakkara (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science project. He attends the Ananda College, Colombo, Sri Lanka.|-id=442|

text: 26442 Matfernandez

text: ||  || 26442 Matfernandez Discovered 2000 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Matthew Fernandez (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science team project. He attends the Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=447|

text: 26447 Akrishnan

text: ||  || 26447 Akrishnan Discovered 2000 Jan. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Akash Krishnan (b. 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer-science team project. He attends the Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=448|

text: 26448 Tongjili

text: ||  || 26448 Tongjili Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tongji Li (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Hershey High School, Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|-id=450|

text: 26450 Tanyapetach

text: ||  || 26450 Tanyapetach Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tanya Nicole Petach (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Fairview High School, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=451|

text: 26451 Khweis

text: ||  || 26451 Khweis Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Majdolene Ziad Khweis (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science project. She attends the Taos High School, Taos, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=455|

text: 26455 Priyamshah

text: ||  || 26455 Priyamshah Discovered 2000 Jan. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Priyam C. Shah (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth-science team project. He attends the Sunset High School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=457|

text: 26457 Naomishah

text: ||  || 26457 Naomishah Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Naomi C. Shah (b. 1995) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Sunset High School, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=458|

text: 26458 Choihyuna

text: ||  || 26458 Choihyuna Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Choi Hyun-A (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Damyang High School, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.|-id=459|

text: 26459 Shinsubin

text: ||  || 26459 Shinsubin Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shin Subin (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth-science team project. She attends the Damyang High School, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.|-id=462|

text: 26462 Albertcui

text: ||  || 26462 Albertcui Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Albert Cui (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Hillcrest High School, Midvale, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=466|

text: 26466 Zarrin

text: ||  || 26466 Zarrin Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Andrew Zarrin (b. 1995) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Saratoga High School, Saratoga, California, U.S.A.|-id=467|

text: 26467 Jamespopper

text: ||  || 26467 Jamespopper Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. James Sinclair Popper (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering project. He attends the Marlborough College, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.|-id=468|

text: 26468 Ianchan

text: ||  || 26468 Ianchan Discovered 2000 Jan. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ian Chan (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Plano East Senior High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=471|

text: 26471 Tracybecker

text: ||  || Tracy Michelle Becker (b. 1986) determined the shapes of the components of asteroid , the first triple-asteroid system discovered in the near-Earth population. She did this work as a student working at the Arecibo Observatory, earning a Ph.D. in 2016. |-id=474|

text: 26474 Davidsimon

text: ||  || 26474 Davidsimon Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Szabolcs Simon (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Szent Margit Secondary School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=475|

text: 26475 Krisztisugar

text: ||  || 26475 Krisztisugar Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Krisztina Sugar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. She attends the Szent Margit Secondary School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=478|

text: 26478 Cristianrosu

text: ||  || 26478 Cristianrosu Discovered 2000 Jan. 8 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cristian Emilian Rosu (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Emanuil Gojdu National College, Oradea, Bihor, Romania.|-id=488|

text: 26488 Beiser

text: ||  || 26488 Beiser Discovered 2000 Jan. 7 by the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search at the Anderson Mesa Station. Antoinette S. Beiser (b. 1956), Lowell Observatory's librarian for twenty years, now concentrates on fundraising.|-id=493|

text: 26493 Paulsucala

text: ||  || 26493 Paulsucala Discovered 2000 Jan. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Paul Stelian Sucala (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical- and mechanical-engineering team project. He attends the Silvania National College, Zalau, Rhode Island, U.S.A.|-id=495|

text: 26495 Eichorn

text: ||  || Will Eichorn (b. 1943), an amateur astronomer and retired Dow Chemical optical technician, living in

text: Bay City, Michigan

text: . |-id=498|

text: 26498 Dinotina

text: ||  || Dino and Tina Grifoni, uncle and aunt of

text: Andrea Boattini

text: 26500 Toshiohino

text: Toshio Hino

text: , Japanese astronomer |}

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Thermopylae

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's first crust was probably made of iron.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago, according to the International Astronomical Union.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth, according to a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is based on a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Asteroid 26401 Soboti te, a village in southwestern Slovakia.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cells make copies of themselves by a process called cell division, in which the nucleus of a cell divides to form a new cell.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth's earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The earliest organisms to photosynthesize

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on its axis.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Eukaryotes first evolved about 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: 26411 Jocorbferg

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes are more common than eukaryotes.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: ||||| Rodinia was the first supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took a few million years. The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms took a few million years.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA is a nucleic acid. RNA is a nucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Consolidated continental crust first appeared on Earth about 2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ||||| The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today. ||||| The first continents on Earth were very large compared with those today.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ||||| Pangaea was the first supercontinent to form on Earth. |||||

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Scientists have discovered a new asteroid in the Milky Way. The asteroid, 26401 Soboti te, was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 12, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999. The asteroid was discovered by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro, Calif., on Dec. 6, 1999.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ||||| The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide. ||||| The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide. |||||

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: || || 26411 Jocorbferg Discovered 1999 Dec. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Joseph Corbett Ferguson (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular- and molecular-biology team project. He attends the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A. |-id=412| 26414 Amychyao Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amy Cindy Chyao (b. 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. She attends the Williams High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A. |-id=417| 26422 Marekbuchman Discovered 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Aaron Gord (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project. He attends the Dayton Christian High School, Miamisburg, Ohio, U.S.A. |-id=422| 26422 Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: |||||| The Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era. |||||

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: || || 26411 Jocorbferg

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: a cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: || || 26411 Jocorbferg

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 26422 Marekbuchman Discovered 1999 Dec. 12 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: || || 26411 Jocorbferg

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA is an organic compound that stores genetic information.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: || || 26411 Jocorbferg

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 26422 Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Amy Cindy Chyao

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 26422 Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Amy Cindy Chyao

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Charles Cheng Yu

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Dec. 7

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Michael Aaron Gord

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 7

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Amy Cindy Chyao

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Marek

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: chemistry

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Michael Aaron Gord

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Michael Aaron Gord

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 7

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: chemistry

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1999 Dec. 7

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1999 Dec. 7 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 7

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular- and molecular-biology

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 7

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 26422 Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Marekbuchman

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 26422 Marekbuchman

text: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability is related to the temperature of the asthenosphere, which may have been too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics in the early stages of the Earth’s evolution. Instead of vigorous plate recycling at subduction zones, plates were linked together for billions of years until the mantle cooled off enough to further sustain plate motions and the subsequent formation of subduction zones. The onset of this component of plate tectonics may have been aided by the thickening of the crust that, once initiated, caused plate subduction to be anomalously strong. This process occurred around 750 Ma ago, when the crust reached a temperature low enough to initiate and sustain plate tectonics in general and subduction processes in particular.

text: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability is related to the temperature of the

text: asthenosphere

text: , which may have been too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics in the early stages of the Earth’s evolution. Instead of vigorous plate recycling at

text: subduction zones

text: , plates were linked together for billions of years until the mantle cooled off enough to further sustain plate motions and the subsequent formation of subduction zones. The onset of this component of plate tectonics may have been aided by the thickening of the

text: crust

text: that, once initiated, caused plate subduction to be anomalously strong. This process occurred around 750 Ma ago, when the crust reached a temperature low enough to initiate and sustain plate tectonics in general and subduction processes in particular.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 750 Ma

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: plate tectonics in general and subduction processes in particular

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate motions occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for low tectonic variability?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 750 Ma

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 750 Ma ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: plate recycling

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth’s evolution. Instead of vigorous plate recycling at subduction zones,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: recycling

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: may have been too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subduction zones,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: too hot

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: temperature of the asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: too hot to sustain modern plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 750 Ma ago,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: thickening of the crust

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: asthenosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A mechanism put forward to explain low tectonic variability

text: By 1904, Russell's doctrinal development was almost complete. His sixth and final part of "Studies in the Scriptures", The New Creation, established that Revelation 7 spoke of two heavenly classes of Christians — 144,000 who would serve as a royal priesthood with Christ and a Great Company who would be brought to perfection on a lesser plane, similar to that of angels, serving the 144,000. He believed that 1878 marked the "fall of Babylon", when God officially judged that Christendom had proven unfaithful. He believed the "time of the end" in Daniel 12 ran from 1799 to 1914, that Christ had returned to earth in 1874, began his reign in 1878 and that from that date the anointed had been resurrected to heaven at their death. He initially taught that Armageddon had begun in 1874, which would culminate in worldwide anarchy and the overthrow of all political rulership in 1914 at the conclusion of the "times of the Gentiles", but by 1897 began to teach that Armageddon would instead begin in 1914. The earthly part of God's kingdom would be administered from Jerusalem in a re-established nation of Israel and under the control of the resurrected ancient Jewish prophets. All of mankind would over time be resurrected to earth in reverse order of death, Adam and Eve being the last, and be given the instruction and guidance necessary to prove themselves obedient to God in order to attain eternal life. Early in the resurrection, "ancient worthies" including Abraham, Isaac and Jacob would be raised to occupy positions of overseers and representatives of the invisible heavenly government ruling from Jerusalem. The Millennial Age, which he believed had begun in 1874, would run to 2874 or 2914 AD, when a test of earth's inhabitants would decide their ultimate destinies, to life or everlasting death.

text: By 1904, Russell's doctrinal development was almost complete. His sixth and final part of "Studies in the Scriptures", The New Creation, established that Revelation 7 spoke of two heavenly classes of Christians — 144,000 who would serve as a royal priesthood with Christ and a Great Company who would be brought to perfection on a lesser plane, similar to that of angels, serving the 144,000. He believed that 1878 marked the "fall of Babylon", when God officially judged that Christendom had proven unfaithful. He believed the "time of the end" in

text: Daniel

text: 12 ran from 1799 to 1914, that Christ had returned to earth in 1874, began his reign in 1878 and that from that date the anointed had been resurrected to heaven at their death. He initially taught that Armageddon had begun in 1874, which would culminate in worldwide anarchy and the overthrow of all political rulership in 1914 at the conclusion of the "times of the Gentiles", but by 1897 began to teach that Armageddon would instead begin in 1914. The earthly part of God's kingdom would be administered from

text: Jerusalem

text: in a re-established nation of Israel and under the control of the resurrected ancient Jewish prophets. All of mankind would over time be resurrected to earth in reverse order of death, Adam and Eve being the last, and be given the instruction and guidance necessary to prove themselves obedient to God in order to attain eternal life. Early in the resurrection, "ancient worthies" including

text: Abraham

text: Isaac

text: and

text: Jacob

text: would be raised to occupy positions of overseers and representatives of the invisible heavenly government ruling from Jerusalem. The Millennial Age, which he believed had begun in 1874, would run to 2874 or 2914 AD, when a test of earth's inhabitants would decide their ultimate destinies, to life or everlasting death.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1878

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years did Russell believe the "time of the end" ran?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: By 1904, Russell's doctrinal development was almost complete

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: How many years did Russell believe the "time of the end" in Daniel 12 ran?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2914 AD

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times would mankind be resurrected?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: All of mankind

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: death,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: eternal life.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: All of mankind

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: death,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Israel

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Millennial Age,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Millennial Age,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Millennial Age,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Millennial Age, which he believed had begun in 1874,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Millennial Age,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Millennial Age, which he believed had begun in 1874,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Millennial Age,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Adam and Eve

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mankind

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 1914.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 1874,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: angels,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: death.

text: Efforts for civilian commercialization of the cellular confinement system by the Presto Products Company, led to the Geoweb®. This cellular confinement system was made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), relatively strong, lightweight and suitable for geosynthetic extruding manufacturing. The cellular confinement system was used for load support, slope erosion control and channel lining and earth retention applications in the United States and Canada in the early 1980s.

text: Efforts for civilian commercialization of the cellular confinement system by the Presto Products Company, led to the Geoweb®. This cellular confinement system was made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), relatively strong, lightweight and suitable for geosynthetic extruding manufacturing. The cellular confinement system was used for load support, slope erosion control and channel lining and earth retention applications in the United States and Canada in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular confinement

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: HDPE

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This cellular confinement system was made from high density polyethylene (HDPE)

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Presto Products Company develop the Geoweb®?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or polyethylene?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many years ago did the first oxygen on Earth combine with iron to form iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the cellular confinement system?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The cellular confinement system was used for load support, slope erosion control and channel lining

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: high density polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: high density polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: relatively strong, lightweight

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth retention applications in the United States and Canada in the early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1980s.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Geoweb®.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: geosynthetic extruding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: high density polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: polyethylene

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: geosynthetic extruding

text: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems by designing, e.g., cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

text: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems by designing, e.g.,

text: cell-to-cell communication modules

text: used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not yet known.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules are used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the most likely reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Another effort in this field is towards engineering multi-cellular systems

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules used to coordinate living bacterial cell populations.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cell-to-cell communication modules

text: According to Plimer, he wrote Heaven and Earth after being "incensed by increasing public acceptance of the idea that humans have caused global warming" and set out to "knock out every single argument we hear about climate change." Although he does not dispute that climate change is happening, he argues that "It's got nothing to do with the atmosphere, it's about what happens in the galaxy" and that climate is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics rather than the levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Plimer says his book is for the "average punter in the street" who can "smell something is wrong in the climate debate but can't put a finger on what."

text: According to Plimer, he wrote Heaven and Earth after being "incensed by increasing public acceptance of the idea that humans have caused global warming" and set out to "knock out every single argument we hear about climate change." Although he does not dispute that climate change is happening, he argues that "It's got nothing to do with the atmosphere, it's about what happens in the galaxy" and that climate is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics rather than the levels of atmospheric

text: greenhouse gas

text: es such as

text: carbon dioxide

text: . Plimer says his book is for the "average punter in the street" who can "smell something is wrong in the climate debate but can't put a finger on what."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is driven by the sun, the Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Plimer does not dispute that climate change is happening

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's orbit

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or carbon dioxide?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: he does not dispute that climate change is happening,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Plimer,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Plimer,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Heaven and Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Plimer,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sun, the Earth's orbit and plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: humans have caused global warming"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Plimer,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon dioxide.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide.

text: The humans of Earth (known as the Tau'ri to the Goa'uld and Jaffa, and the Atlanteans to the Wraith) have developed many futuristic technologies throughout the course of Stargate SG-1 and its spin-offs. One of the primary missions of the Stargate Program is the acquisition of technologies capable of defending Earth and improving the lives of its inhabitants. Most useful alien technologies brought back by SG teams through the Stargate are studied at the SGC or at Area 51, and reverse-engineered when possible. Earth has also benefitted immensely from collaborations and gifts from its various offworld allies, such as the Asgard and the Tok'ra. Since the discovery of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy, Earth has gained a significant understanding of Ancient technology.

text: The humans of Earth (known as the

text: Tau'ri

text: to the

text: Goa'uld

text: and

text: Jaffa

text: , and the

text: Atlanteans

text: to the

text: Wraith

text: ) have developed many futuristic technologies throughout the course of Stargate SG-1 and its spin-offs. One of the primary missions of the

text: Stargate Program

text: is the acquisition of technologies capable of defending Earth and improving the lives of its inhabitants. Most useful alien technologies brought back by

text: SG team

text: s through the

text: Stargate

text: are studied at the

text: SGC

text: or at Area 51, and reverse-engineered when possible. Earth has also benefitted immensely from collaborations and gifts from its various offworld allies, such as the

text: Asgard

text: and the

text: Tok'ra

text: . Since the discovery of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy, Earth has gained a significant understanding of

text: Ancient

text: technology.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pegasus galaxy

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth has gained a significant understanding of Ancient technology

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's population grows

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pegasus galaxy

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: SG teams

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ancient technology

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pegasus galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ancient technology.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: reverse-engineered

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth has gained a significant understanding of Ancient technology.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pegasus galaxy,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Tau'ri to the Goa'uld

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Stargate SG-1

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: improving the lives of its inhabitants.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Since the discovery of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The humans of Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: reverse-engineered

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Area 51,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Wraith)

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: reverse-engineered

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: reverse-engineered

text: The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and Eridania quadrangles  (Terra Cimmeria and Terra Sirenum). The magnetometer on MGS discovered  wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to . These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down.  When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of plate tectonics.  Researchers believe these magnetic stripes on Mars are evidence for a short, early period of plate tectonic activity. When the rocks became solid they retained the magnetism that existed at the time.  A magnetic field of a planet is believed to be caused by fluid motions under the surface.  The initial data was obtained when MGS traveled close to the planet during aerobraking.  However, later measurements, collected over a 2-year period from an altitude of , revealed that the magnetic features even matched up with known features on the surface. However, there are some differences, between the magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars. The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized, and do not appear to spread out from a middle crustal spreading zone. Because the area containing the magnetic stripes is about 4 billion years old, it is believed that the global magnetic field probably lasted for only the first few hundred million years of Mars' life, when the temperature of the molten iron in the planet's core might have been high enough to mix it into a magnetic dynamo.  There are no magnetic fields near large impact basins like Hellas.  The shock of the impact may have erased the remnant magnetization in the rock.  So, magnetism produced by early fluid motion in the core would not have existed after the impacts.

text: The

text: Mars Global Surveyor

text: (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and

text: Eridania quadrangle

text: s  (Terra Cimmeria and

text: Terra Sirenum

text: ). The magnetometer on MGS discovered  wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to . These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic pole of the next pointing down.  When similar stripes were discovered on Earth in the 1960s, they were taken as evidence of

text: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hellas

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: How many billion years old is Mars?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Magnetism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: magnetism produced by early fluid motion in the core would not have existed after the impacts

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Eridania

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years old is Mars?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years old is the area containing the magnetic stripes?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents were discovered on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did plate tectonics occur on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Martian stripes are wider, much more strongly magnetized,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: middle crustal spreading zone.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: magnetic stripes on Earth and those on Mars.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: magnetic stripes on Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: magnetic stripes

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magnetic stripes

text: The problem in navigation exists because big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel. Dredging in this channel would cost more than dredging a channel in the Rama Setu area, where the waters are comparatively deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged. Hence, in 2005, the Government of India approved a multi-million dollar Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project that aims to create a ship channel across the Palk Bay cutting across Rama Setu. Various organizations have opposed the project based on religious, economic and environmental grounds and have sought the implementation of one of the alternative alignments considered during the earlier stages of the discussion.

text: The problem in navigation exists because big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel. Dredging in this channel would cost more than dredging a channel in the Rama Setu area, where the waters are comparatively deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged. Hence, in 2005, the Government of India approved a multi-million dollar Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project that aims to create a ship channel across the Palk Bay cutting across Rama Setu. Various organizations have opposed the project based on religious, economic and environmental grounds and have sought the implementation of one of the alternative alignments considered during the earlier stages of the discussion.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Palk Bay

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: shallow waters

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Various organizations have opposed the project based on religious, economic and environmental grounds

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned in the text

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: big ships

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: India

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lesser earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Rama Setu.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Rama Setu

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The problem in navigation exists because big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Various organizations have opposed the project based on religious, economic and environmental grounds

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: deep

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Rama Setu

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rama Setu.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Various organizations have opposed the project based on religious, economic and environmental grounds

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: dredging a channel in the Rama Setu

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Rama Setu

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: comparatively deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rama Setu.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: lesser earth would have to be dredged.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Rama Setu.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: comparatively deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: big ships cannot travel in the shallow waters of the Pamban channel.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dredging a channel in the Rama Setu

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: dredged.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: deep and lesser earth would have to be dredged.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: earth

text: Pisgah Phase sites ranged from individual farmsteads to large nucleated villages with platform mounds and palisades, usually with the smaller sites clustering around the larger mound centers. They were invariably located within floodplains; the exceptions being temporary hunting camps. The majority of the sites are located in the Eastern and Central Appalachian Summit area, around the Asheville, Pigeon, and Hendersonville basins. Some Pisgah Phase sites, such as the Garden Creek Mound site, have been found to have earth lodges during early phases of their occupation. At times these earth lodges either collapsed or were destroyed, and a platform mound constructed over them. This is interpreted by archaeologists as a shift in sociopolitical organization and community hierarchy. It is believed the earth lodges  were used as egalitarian council houses and that the superimposition of substructure mounds for temples, chiefly residences and mortuary structures signaled a shift to a more stratified society with hereditary elites.

text: Pisgah Phase sites ranged from individual farmsteads to large nucleated villages with

text: platform mound

text: s and

text: palisade

text: s, usually with the smaller sites clustering around the larger mound centers. They were invariably located within floodplains; the exceptions being temporary hunting camps. The majority of the sites are located in the Eastern and Central Appalachian Summit area, around the

text: Asheville

entity_name: Pigeon River (Tennessee – North Carolina)

text: Pigeon

text: , and

text: Hendersonville

text: basins. Some Pisgah Phase sites, such as the

text: Garden Creek Mound

text: site, have been found to have

text: earth lodge

text: s during early phases of their occupation. At times these earth lodges either collapsed or were destroyed, and a platform mound constructed over them. This is interpreted by archaeologists as a shift in sociopolitical organization and community hierarchy. It is believed the earth lodges  were used as egalitarian council houses and that the superimposition of substructure mounds for temples, chiefly residences and mortuary structures signaled a shift to a more stratified society with hereditary elites.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth lodges

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth lodges

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleated

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pisgah Phase sites ranged from individual farmsteads to large nucleated villages

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: farmsteads

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is believed the earth lodges were used as egalitarian council houses

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is believed the earth lodges were used as egalitarian council houses

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mortuary

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: earth lodges

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: earth lodges

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleated

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They were invariably located within floodplains;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: individual farmsteads

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Eastern and Central Appalachian Summit area,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pisgah Phase sites ranged from individual farmsteads

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nucleated villages

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pisgah Phase

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nucleated

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: hunting camps.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: earth lodges

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: temporary hunting camps.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: earth lodges

text: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics has driving forces that exceed the yield strength of the brittle lithosphere, causing the lithosphere to fracture into plates that move relative to each other. A critical element of the plate tectonic system is these lithospheric plates become negatively buoyant at some point in their evolution, sinking into the mantle. The surface mass deficit is balanced by new plate being formed elsewhere through upwelling mantle plumes. Plate tectonics is an efficient method of heat transfer from the interior of the planet to the surface. Earth is the only planet plate tectonics is known to occur on, although evidence has been presented for Jupiter's moon Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics analogous to Earth's.

text: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics has driving forces that exceed the

text: yield strength

text: of the brittle lithosphere, causing the lithosphere to fracture into plates that move relative to each other. A critical element of the plate tectonic system is these lithospheric plates become negatively buoyant at some point in their evolution, sinking into the mantle. The surface mass deficit is balanced by new plate being formed elsewhere through upwelling

text: mantle plumes

text: . Plate tectonics is an efficient method of heat transfer from the interior of the planet to the surface. Earth is the only planet plate tectonics is known to occur on, although evidence has been presented for

text: Jupiter's

text: moon

text: Europa

text: undergoing a form of plate tectonics analogous to Earth's.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics analogous to Earth's

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lithosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: upwelling mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth is the only planet plate tectonics is known to occur

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lithospheric plates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Europa undergoing a form of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Europa

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: upwelling mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mantle plumes.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The mantle of a planet with plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: heat

text: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere during different parts of the Mesozoic, with some concluding oxygen levels were lower than the current level (about 21%) throughout the Mesozoic, some concluding they were lower in the Triassic and part of the Jurassic but higher in the Cretaceous, and some concluding they were higher throughout most or all of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.

text: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere during different parts of the Mesozoic, with some concluding oxygen levels were lower than the current level (about 21%) throughout the Mesozoic, some concluding they were lower in the Triassic and part of the Jurassic but higher in the Cretaceous, and some concluding they were higher throughout most or all of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen levels lower than the current level

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: oxygen levels were lower than the current level (about 21%) throughout the Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mesozoic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellulose

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Jurassic but higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some concluding they were higher

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Triassic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 21%) throughout the Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: higher in the Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: lower than the current level (about 21%) throughout the Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cretaceous,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: oxygen in the atmosphere during different parts of the Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mesozoic,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Different studies have come to different conclusions about the amount of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: Despite the harsh conditions on the surface, the atmospheric pressure and temperature at about 50 km to 65 km above the surface of the planet is nearly the same as that of the Earth, making its upper atmosphere the most Earth-like area in the Solar System, even more so than the surface of Mars. Due to the similarity in pressure and temperature and the fact that breathable air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen) is a lifting gas on Venus in the same way that helium is a lifting gas on Earth, the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both exploration and colonization.

text: Despite the harsh conditions on the surface, the atmospheric pressure and temperature at about 50 km to 65 km above the surface of the planet is nearly the same as that of the Earth, making its upper atmosphere the most Earth-like area in the

text: Solar System

text: , even more so than the surface of

text: Mars

text: . Due to the similarity in pressure and temperature and the fact that breathable air (21%

text: oxygen

text: , 78%

text: nitrogen

text: ) is a

text: lifting gas

text: on Venus in the same way that

text: helium

text: is a lifting gas on Earth, the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both

text: exploration

text: and

text: colonization

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: uranium

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both exploration and colonization

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both exploration and colonization

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 50 km to 65 km

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the upper atmosphere proposed as a location for exploration and colonization?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: breathable air (21% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen)

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Despite the harsh conditions on the surface, the atmospheric pressure

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: its upper atmosphere the most Earth-like area in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth-like area in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth-like area in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 50

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth-like area in the Solar System,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: colonization.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: breathable air

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nitrogen)

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: nitrogen)

text: The  are evolved from a race of a reptiles. They arrived at Earth in ancient times, the life-forms being carried along with a meteorite, crashing into the earth, and falling deep into its core. As time went on, the life-forms evolved, becoming the civilized Tailed-People Clan. The Tailed-People are a civilization of advanced science (higher than human's), with the rank of their civilization being determined by the number of tails. Believing Earth to be theirs, for their civilization to rise, they begin invasion. Originally planning to turn humans into their own kind, the experiment failed, and their strategy was changed to simply destroying mankind by reducing the number of human beings as the Tailed-People Clan was outnumbered. Being as the number of tails determines rank, the Emperor's dream is to obtain ten tails, who is said to provide one with eternal life and powers. Their rank and status is determined by the number of tails each member has. The more tails, the greater the status.

text: The  are evolved from a race of a reptiles. They arrived at Earth in ancient times, the life-forms being carried along with a meteorite, crashing into the earth, and falling deep into its core. As time went on, the life-forms evolved, becoming the civilized Tailed-People Clan. The Tailed-People are a civilization of advanced science (higher than human's), with the rank of their civilization being determined by the number of tails. Believing Earth to be theirs, for their civilization to rise, they begin invasion. Originally planning to turn humans into their own kind, the experiment failed, and their strategy was changed to simply destroying mankind by reducing the number of human beings as the Tailed-People Clan was outnumbered. Being as the number of tails determines rank, the Emperor's dream is to obtain ten tails, who is said to provide one with eternal life and powers. Their rank and status is determined by the number of tails each member has. The more tails, the greater the status.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was carried along with a meteorite

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Tailed-People Clan

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Emperor's dream is to obtain ten tails

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: meteorites hit the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: how many tails?

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many tails does the Emperor have?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: meteorite

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: turn humans into their own kind,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The more tails, the greater the status.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a race of a reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the life-forms being carried along with a meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ten tails,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Tailed-People Clan.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human's),

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: meteorite,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: reptiles.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ten tails, who is said to provide one with eternal life

text: The Valar left Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman in the west, where they created their home called Valinor. To discourage Melkor from assailing Aman, they thrust the continent of Middle-earth to the east, thus widening Belegaer at its middle and raising five major mountain ranges in Middle-earth which adopted a relatively symmetrical distribution, namely the Blue, Red, Grey, Yellow Mountains and the Mountains of the Wind. This act, however, ruined the symmetry of the shape of the continents and their intervening seas.

text: The Valar left Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman in the west, where they created their home called

text: Valinor

text: . To discourage Melkor from assailing Aman, they thrust the continent of Middle-earth to the east, thus widening Belegaer at its middle and raising five major mountain ranges in Middle-earth which adopted a relatively symmetrical distribution, namely the Blue, Red, Grey, Yellow Mountains and the Mountains of the Wind. This act, however, ruined the symmetry of the shape of the continents and their intervening seas.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many major mountain ranges did Middle-earth have?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did the Valar leave Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many major mountain ranges did the Valar widen?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Yellow Mountains

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: symmetrical distribution,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: symmetrical

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ruined the symmetry

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: five major mountain ranges in Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Aman

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ruined the symmetry

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Middle-earth and went to the newly formed continent of Aman

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: five major mountain ranges

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: symmetrical

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: thrust the continent of Middle-earth to the east,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Wind.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Valar left Middle-earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: symmetrical

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wind.

text: The succeeding Devonian period (416-359 million years ago) saw mostly alluvial deposits ("Old Red Sandstone"), which were interrupted by major uplift. Following this, the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period (359-299 million years ago). In the early Carboniferous period, limestones were deposited on a continental shelf, which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area. During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south, sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments (see below) containing economic developments of coal. Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire, the Gower Peninsula, the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield.

text: The succeeding

text: Devonian

text: period (416-359 million years ago) saw mostly alluvial deposits ("

text: Old Red Sandstone

text: "), which were interrupted by major uplift. Following this, the land subsided again in the

text: Carboniferous

text: period (359-299 million years ago). In the early Carboniferous period, limestones were deposited on a

text: continental shelf

text: , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area. During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south, sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments (see below) containing economic developments of coal.

text: Carboniferous Limestone

text: outcrops occur in

text: south Pembrokeshire

text: , the

text: Gower Peninsula

text: , the

text: Vale of Glamorgan

text: and around the edge of

text: the coalfield

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 463 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years did the Devonian period last?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: limestones were deposited on a continental shelf, which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Devonian period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth moves

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 463 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did the Devonian period last?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years ago did the Devonian period end?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the Devonian period end?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many years ago did the Devonian period end?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Devonian period last?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many million years ago did the Devonian period end?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: alluvial deposits ("Old Red Sandstone"),

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Devonian period (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a major sea area.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: major uplift.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: limestones were deposited on a continental shelf,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Devonian period (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth movements

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: limestones

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: alluvial deposits ("Old Red Sandstone"),

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a major sea area.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Devonian

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The succeeding Devonian period (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Devonian period (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Devonian period (416-359 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: continent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: major uplift.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: coal.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: coal.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: coal.

text: The humans of Earth play a central role in the story and mythology of the Stargate fictional universe. According to the Stargate film and Stargate SG-1, the parasitic Goa'uld ruled Earth thousands of years ago, posing as gods of ancient Earth mythologies, and transplanted Earth humans throughout the galaxy via the Stargate. Thus, the Goa'uld and their Jaffa servants know the humans of Earth as the "Tau'ri" ( or ), which means "the first ones" or "those of the first world" in their fictional language. Earth is also known as "Midgard" by offworld humans protected by the Asgard, who masquerade as Norse gods. Stargate SG-1 further extended the backstory of Earth humans by introducing the Ancients, an advanced race of humans from another galaxy. The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution", and some of their number merged with primitive human populations 10,000 years ago after they returned to Earth from Atlantis.

text: The humans of Earth play a central role in the story and mythology of the Stargate fictional universe. According to the

text: Stargate film

text: and

text: Stargate SG-1

text: , the parasitic

text: Goa'uld

text: ruled Earth thousands of years ago, posing as gods of ancient Earth mythologies, and transplanted Earth humans throughout the galaxy via the

text: Stargate

text: . Thus, the Goa'uld and their Jaffa servants know the humans of Earth as the "Tau'ri" ( or ), which means "the first ones" or "those of the first world" in their fictional language. Earth is also known as "

text: Midgard

text: " by offworld humans protected by the

text: Asgard

text: , who masquerade as

text: Norse gods

text: . Stargate SG-1 further extended the backstory of Earth humans by introducing the

text: Ancients

text: , an advanced race of humans from another galaxy. The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution", and some of their number merged with primitive human populations 10,000 years ago after they returned to Earth from

text: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earth's first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Goa'uld

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The humans of Earth play a central role in the story and mythology of the Stargate fictional universe

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution"

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth humans are transplanted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 10,000 years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Asgard

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: What is the waste product of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Atlantis.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 10,000 years ago after they returned to Earth from Atlantis.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Goa'uld

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: primitive human populations 10,000 years ago after they returned to Earth from Atlantis.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 10,000 years ago after they returned to Earth from Atlantis.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans of Earth as the "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Stargate film and Stargate SG-1,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth as the "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Atlantis.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ancients,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Ancients regard the humans of Earth as their "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "Tau'ri"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: transplanted Earth humans throughout the galaxy via the Stargate.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Asgard,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Goa'uld

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: "second evolution",

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "Tau'ri"

text: The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes, and they remained the only form of life until about a billion years ago when multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms are single-celled organisms that are generally microscopic, and smaller than the human eye can see. They include Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, and Protista.

text: The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes, and they remained the only form of life until about a billion years ago when multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms are single-celled organisms that are generally

text: microscopic

text: , and smaller than the human eye can see. They include Bacteria,

text: Fungi

text: Archaea

text: , and

text: Protista

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, and Protista are types of

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-cellular organisms appear

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Protista?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the first form of life to develop on the Earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many billion years ago did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Microorganisms are single-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: a billion years ago when multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microbes,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms

text: In the Early Carboniferous, an early stage of rifting developed between the Indian continent and the Cimmerian Superterranes. During the Early Permian, this rift developed into the Neotethys ocean (Fig. 2). From that time on, the Cimmerian Superterranes drifted away from Gondwana towards the north. Nowadays, Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet are partly made up of these terranes.

text: In the Early

text: Carboniferous

text: , an early stage of rifting developed between the Indian continent and the Cimmerian Superterranes. During the Early

text: Permian

text: , this

text: rift

text: developed into the

text: Neotethys

text: ocean (Fig. 2). From that time on, the Cimmerian Superterranes drifted away from Gondwana towards the north. Nowadays,

text: Iran

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Tibet

text: are partly made up of these terranes.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cimmerian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rifting between the Indian continent and the Cimmerian Superterranes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet are partly made up of these terranes

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: rifting developed between the Indian continent and the Cimmerian Superterranes

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rifting develops

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cimmerian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cimmerian

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rifting

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In the Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet are partly made up of these terranes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rifting

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cimmerian Superterranes.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In the Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In the Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In the Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rifting

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Neotethys ocean

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Carboniferous,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Neotethys ocean

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Neotethys ocean

text: It is suggested that the early hominin evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago. The dramatic phenotypic change from primate to early hominin is hypothesized to have involved the extreme loss of body hair – except for areas most exposed to UV radiation, such as the head – to allow for more efficient thermoregulation in the early hunter-gatherers. The skin that would have been exposed upon general body hair loss in these early hominins would have most likely been non-pigmented, reflecting the pale skin underlying the hair of our chimpanzee relatives. A positive advantage would have been conferred to early hominids inhabiting the African continent that were capable of producing darker skin – those who first expressed the eumelanin-producing MC1R allele – which protected them from harmful epithelium-damaging ultraviolet rays. Over time, the advantage conferred to those with darker skin may have led to the prevalence of darker skin on the continent. The positive advantage, however, would have had to be strong enough so as to produce a significantly higher reproductive fitness in those who produced more melanin. The cause of a selective pressure strong enough to cause this shift is an area of much debate. Some hypotheses include the existence of significantly lower reproductive fitness in people with less melanin due to lethal skin cancer, lethal kidney disease due excess vitamin D formation in the skin of people with less melanin, or simply natural selection due to mate preference and sexual selection.

text: It is suggested that the early

text: hominin

text: evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago. The dramatic

text: phenotypic

text: change from

text: primate

text: to early hominin is hypothesized to have involved the extreme loss of body hair – except for areas most exposed to UV radiation, such as the head – to allow for more efficient

text: thermoregulation

text: in the early hunter-gatherers. The skin that would have been exposed upon general body hair loss in these early hominins would have most likely been non-pigmented, reflecting the pale skin underlying the hair of our chimpanzee relatives. A positive advantage would have been conferred to early hominids inhabiting the African continent that were capable of producing darker skin – those who first expressed the

text: eumelanin

text: -producing

text: allele

text: – which protected them from harmful epithelium-damaging ultraviolet rays. Over time, the advantage conferred to those with darker skin may have led to the prevalence of darker skin on the continent. The positive advantage, however, would have had to be strong enough so as to produce a significantly higher reproductive fitness in those who produced more melanin. The cause of a selective pressure strong enough to cause this shift is an area of much debate. Some hypotheses include the existence of significantly lower reproductive fitness in people with less melanin due to lethal skin cancer, lethal kidney disease due excess

text: vitamin D

text: formation in the skin of people with less melanin, or simply natural selection due to mate preference and sexual selection.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hominin

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: sexual selection

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: early hominin evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hominin

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: primate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is suggested that the early hominin evolved

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3 million years

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early hominin

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: primate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: hominin

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: melanin

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: vitamin D

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: East Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: non-pigmented,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early hominin evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: loss of body hair

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: sexual selection.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A positive advantage would have been conferred to early hominids

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hominin evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: hominin evolved in East Africa around 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: primate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eumelanin-producing

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: eumelanin-producing MC1R allele

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: East Africa

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: eumelanin-producing MC1R allele

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: East Africa

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: eumelanin-producing

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: eumelanin-producing MC1R allele

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: hominin

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eumelanin-producing MC1R allele

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: hominids

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: extreme loss of body hair

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: eumelanin-producing

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: primate

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: eumelanin-producing

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: vitamin D

text: Astrobiologist David Grinspoon criticized the dire "blight" situation on Earth portrayed in early scenes, pointing out that even with a voracious blight it would have taken millions of years to draw down the atmosphere's content of oxygen. He also notes that the ice clouds should have been pulled down by gravity.

text: Astrobiologist

text: David Grinspoon

text: criticized the dire "blight" situation on Earth portrayed in early scenes, pointing out that even with a voracious blight it would have taken millions of years to draw down the atmosphere's content of oxygen. He also notes that the ice clouds should have been pulled down by gravity.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: would have taken millions of years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ice clouds

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the ice clouds should have been pulled down by gravity

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: would have taken millions of years

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: gravity pulls down ice clouds

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: millions of years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: blight

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or blight?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why would it have taken millions of years to draw down the atmosphere's content of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: blight

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: blight

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice clouds

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: blight

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early scenes,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: "blight"

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the ice clouds should have been pulled down by gravity.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "blight" situation on Earth portrayed in early scenes,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "blight"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Astrobiologist

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Astrobiologist David Grinspoon

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Astrobiologist David Grinspoon

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early scenes,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: millions of years

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "blight"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ice clouds should have been pulled down by gravity.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Astrobiologist

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "blight"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: s Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) provided or controlled atmospheric pressure, fire detection, oxygen levels, waste management and water supply. The highest priority for the ECLSS was the station's atmosphere, but the system also collected, processed, and stored waste and water produced and used by the crew—a process that recycles fluid from the sink, toilet, and condensation from the air. The Elektron system generated oxygen. Bottled oxygen and Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation (SFOG) canisters, a system known as Vika, provided backup. Carbon dioxide was removed from the air by the Vozdukh system. Other byproducts of human metabolism, such as methane from the intestines and ammonia from sweat, were removed by activated charcoal filters. Similar systems are presently used on the International Space Station.

text: s

text: Environmental Control and Life Support System

text: (ECLSS) provided or controlled

text: atmospheric pressure

text: , fire detection, oxygen levels, waste management and water supply. The highest priority for the ECLSS was the station's atmosphere, but the system also collected, processed, and stored waste and water produced and used by the crew—a process that recycles fluid from the sink, toilet, and condensation from the air. The

text: Elektron

text: system generated oxygen. Bottled oxygen and

text: Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation

text: (SFOG) canisters, a system known as

text: Vika

text: , provided backup. Carbon dioxide was removed from the air by the

text: Vozdukh

text: system. Other byproducts of human metabolism, such as methane from the intestines and ammonia from sweat, were removed by

text: activated charcoal

text: filters. Similar systems are presently used on the

text: International Space Station

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: solid fuel

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: SFOG canisters

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ECLSS

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ELSSS provided or controlled atmospheric pressure, fire detection, oxygen levels, waste management and water supply

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: ELSSS

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the highest priority for the ECLSS?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a byproduct of human metabolism: methane from the intestines or sweat?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the highest priority for the ECLSS?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The highest priority for the ECLSS was the station's atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Elektron system generated oxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen. Bottled oxygen and Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: oxygen. Bottled oxygen and Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Carbon dioxide was removed from the air by the Vozdukh system.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Similar systems are presently used on the International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: s Environmental Control and Life Support System

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: oxygen. Bottled oxygen and Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: condensation from the air.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: human metabolism,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: s Environmental Control and Life Support System

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: s Environmental Control and Life Support System

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: oxygen levels, waste management and water supply.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Environmental Control and Life Support System

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: International Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: methane from the intestines

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Elektron system

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Space Station.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: charcoal

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: methane from the intestines and ammonia

text: The spherical form of the Earth was suggested by early Greek philosophers, a belief espoused by Pythagoras. Contrary to popular belief, most people in the Middle Ages did not believe the Earth was flat: this misconception is often called the "Myth of the Flat Earth". As evidenced by thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, the European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread by this point in time. Prior to circumnavigation of the planet and the introduction of space flight, belief in a spherical Earth was based on observations of the secondary effects of the Earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets.

text: The spherical form of the Earth was suggested by early

text: Greek philosophers

text: , a belief espoused by

text: Pythagoras

text: . Contrary to popular belief, most people in the

text: Middle Ages

text: did not believe the Earth was flat: this misconception is often called the "

text: Myth of the Flat Earth

text: ". As evidenced by thinkers such as

text: Thomas Aquinas

text: , the European belief in a

text: spherical Earth

text: was widespread by this point in time. Prior to circumnavigation of the planet and the introduction of

text: space flight

text: , belief in a spherical Earth was based on observations of the secondary effects of the Earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: spherical form

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: European belief in a spherical Earth was widespread by this point in time

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is spherical

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or spherical?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many planets does the Earth have?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most people in the Middle Ages did not believe the Earth was flat:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: space flight,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The spherical form

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: circumnavigation of the planet and the introduction of space flight,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: circumnavigation of the planet and the introduction of space flight,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pythagoras.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: circumnavigation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: spherical form

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: spherical form of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Pythagoras.

text: By the end of the Archaean c. 2500 Ma (million years ago), plate tectonic activity may have been similar to that of the modern Earth. There are well-preserved sedimentary basins, and evidence of volcanic arcs, intracontinental rifts, continent-continent collisions and widespread globe-spanning orogenic events suggesting the assembly and destruction of one and perhaps several supercontinents. Liquid water was prevalent, and deep oceanic basins are known to have existed attested by the presence of banded iron formations, chert beds, chemical sediments and pillow basalts.

text: By the end of the Archaean c. 2500

text: Ma

text: (million years ago), plate tectonic activity may have been similar to that of the modern Earth. There are well-preserved

text: sedimentary basin

text: s, and evidence of

text: volcanic arc

text: s, intracontinental

text: rift

text: s, continent-continent collisions and widespread globe-spanning

text: orogenic events

text: suggesting the assembly and destruction of one and perhaps several

text: supercontinent

text: s. Liquid water was prevalent, and deep oceanic basins are known to have existed attested by the presence of

text: banded iron formation

text: s,

text: chert

text: beds, chemical sediments and

text: pillow basalt

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron formations

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: c. 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: plate tectonic activity may have been similar to that of the modern Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Liquid water was prevalent, and deep oceanic basins are known to have existed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: c. 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic activity

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sedimentary

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many supercontinents may have existed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: chemical sediments

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: several supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron formations,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Liquid water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: By the end of the Archaean

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Liquid water was prevalent, and deep oceanic basins

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Liquid water was prevalent, and deep oceanic basins

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2500 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sedimentary basins,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: By the end of the Archaean

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: several supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: similar to that of the modern Earth.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: By the end of the Archaean

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: several supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: several supercontinents.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: By the end of the Archaean

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic arcs,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanic arcs,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Archaean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemical sediments

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: chemical sediments

text: In the 1st century A.D., after the idea of a spherical Earth gained more general acceptance, Pomponius Mela, a Latin cosmographer, developed an updated version of the idea, wherein  a spherical Earth must have a more or less balanced distribution of land and water. Mela drew the first map on which the mysterious continent of Earth appears in the unknown half of Earth—our antipodes. This continent he inscribed with the name Antichthones.

text: In the 1st century A.D., after the idea of a spherical Earth gained more general acceptance,

text: Pomponius Mela

text: , a Latin cosmographer, developed an updated version of the idea, wherein  a

text: spherical Earth

text: must have a more or less balanced distribution of land and water. Mela drew the first map on which the mysterious continent of Earth appears in the unknown half of Earth—our antipodes. This continent he inscribed with the name

text: Antichthones

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antichthones

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: antipodes

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: antichthones

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: balanced distribution of land and water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pomponius Mela developed an updated version of the idea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is spherical

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Antichthones

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: antichthones

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why did Pomponius Mela develop an updated version of the idea?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after Mela drew the first map on which the mysterious continent of Earth appears in the unknown half of Earth?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: antichthones

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: spherical

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: antichthones

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: land and water.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: unknown half of Earth—our

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a more or less balanced distribution of land and water.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the idea of a spherical Earth gained more general acceptance,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: land and water.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: land and water.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth—our antipodes.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pomponius Mela,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: In the 1st century A.D.,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Antichthones.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water.

text: Solar System accretion began about 4.56 b.y. ago. Hamilton (2015) summarized data supporting his interpretations. Earth had reached essentially full size by 4.50 b.y., and had already fractionated core and lower and upper mantles at high temperature. The pre-4.50 b.y. high upper-mantle rocks, the dominant rocks now preserved beneath Archean cratons, are not of partially-fractionated mantle as predicted by conventional interpretations, but instead are extremely refractory differentiates, depleted of most silicate materials that could have contributed partial melts of either continental or oceanic crustal rocks. These early-fractionated mantle rocks were originally capped directly by a thick mafic crust that contained the potential subsequent crustal components, including a large proportion of Earth’s major heat-producing elements. At about 4.0 b.y., Earth received, via a barrage of icy bolides initially formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt, the volatile components that evolved into its oceans and atmosphere. Downward cycling of volatiles enabled hydrous partial melting of protocrust to begin, forming a distinctive non-plate-tectonic granitic crust atop residual protocrust. The quite different geologic assemblages of the Archean and Proterozoic eons are explained in terms of variable radiogenic partial melting of the protocrust, after hydration began, to form granitic and volcanic melts that rose from it, and of delamination and sinking of residual protocrust, densified by loss of its lighter components, that began a long-continuing process of re-enriching the upper mantle, and that ultimately enabled plate tectonics.

text: Solar System accretion began about 4.56 b.y. ago. Hamilton (2015) summarized data supporting his interpretations. Earth had reached essentially full size by 4.50 b.y., and had already fractionated core and lower and upper mantles at high temperature. The pre-4.50 b.y. high upper-mantle rocks, the dominant rocks now preserved beneath Archean cratons, are not of partially-fractionated mantle as predicted by conventional interpretations, but instead are extremely refractory differentiates, depleted of most silicate materials that could have contributed partial melts of either continental or oceanic crustal rocks. These early-fractionated mantle rocks were originally capped directly by a thick mafic crust that contained the potential subsequent crustal components, including a large proportion of Earth’s major heat-producing elements. At about 4.0 b.y., Earth received, via a barrage of icy

text: bolides

text: initially formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt, the volatile components that evolved into its oceans and atmosphere. Downward cycling of volatiles enabled hydrous partial melting of protocrust to begin, forming a distinctive non-plate-tectonic granitic crust atop residual protocrust. The quite different geologic assemblages of the Archean and Proterozoic eons are explained in terms of variable radiogenic partial melting of the protocrust, after hydration began, to form granitic and volcanic melts that rose from it, and of delamination and sinking of residual protocrust, densified by loss of its lighter components, that began a long-continuing process of re-enriching the upper mantle, and that ultimately enabled plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mafic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.56 b.y

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 4.0 b.y.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fractionated core and lower and upper mantles at high temperature

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth had reached essentially full size by 4.50 b.y.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not of partially-fractionated mantle

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not of partially-fractionated mantle

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.56 b.y

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: volatile components

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are in the Solar System?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did solar system accretion begin?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large were the first continents on Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many eons ago did Earth receive the volatile components that evolved into its oceans and atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.56 b.y. ago

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: What is the first photosynthetic organisms most like?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years after the end of the Precambrian Era did Ediacara fauna evolve?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ice bolides

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: icy bolides initially formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: silicate materials

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean and Proterozoic eons

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: volatiles

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.56 b.y.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: hydration

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fractionated core and lower and upper mantles at high temperature.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: radiogenic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth had reached essentially full size by 4.50 b.y.,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: volatile components that evolved into its oceans and atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.56 b.y. ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: volatiles

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: volatile components

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 4.56

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: non-plate-tectonic

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth had reached essentially full size by 4.50 b.y.,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Archean and Proterozoic eons

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles enabled hydrous partial melting of protocrust

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: oceans and atmosphere. Downward cycling of volatiles

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.56 b.y. ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: icy bolides

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: icy bolides

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: protocrust

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hydration

text: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding in a variety of contexts. For example, paleogeographic analysis of sedimentary basins plays a key role in the field of petroleum geology, because the ancient geomorphological environments of the Earth's surface are preserved in the stratigraphic record. Paleogeographers also study the sedimentary environment associated with fossils for clues to the evolutionary development of extinct species. And paleogeographic evidence contributed to the development of continental drift theory, and continues to inform current plate tectonic theories, yielding information about the shape and latitudinal location of supercontinents such as Pangaea and ancient oceans such as Panthalassa, thus enabling the reconstruction of prehistoric continents and oceans.

text: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding in a variety of contexts. For example, paleogeographic analysis of

text: sedimentary basins

text: plays a key role in the field of

text: petroleum geology

text: , because the ancient

text: geomorphological

text: environments of the

text: Earth

text: 's surface are preserved in the

text: stratigraphic

text: record. Paleogeographers also study the

text: sedimentary environment

text: associated with

text: fossils

text: for clues to the

text: evolution

text: ary development of extinct species. And paleogeographic evidence contributed to the development of

text: continental drift

text: theory, and continues to inform current

text: plate tectonic

text: theories, yielding information about the shape and latitudinal location of

text: supercontinent

text: s such as

text: Pangaea

text: and ancient oceans such as

text: Panthalassa

text: , thus enabling the

text: reconstruction

text: of prehistoric continents and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: continent drift theory

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding in a variety of contexts

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are preserved in the stratigraphic record

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental drift theory

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a prokaryoe?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleogeographic analysis of sedimentary basins

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Paleogeographers also study the sedimentary environment associated with fossils

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: paleogeographic evidence contributed to the development of continental drift theory

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinct species

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Paleogeographers

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Panthalassa

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary basins

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: continents and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolutionary development

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Paleogeography yields information that is crucial to scientific understanding

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: prehistoric continents and oceans.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: prehistoric continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: evolutionary development of extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fossils for clues to the evolutionary development of extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: extinct species.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: species.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: continental drift theory,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Paleogeography

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: species.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils

text: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells. These cells can form group organisms through cell adhesion. The individual members of a colony are capable of surviving on their own, whereas the members of a true multi-cellular organism have developed specializations, making them dependent on the remainder of the organism for survival. Such organisms are formed clonally or from a single germ cell that is capable of forming the various specialized cells that form the adult organism. This specialization allows multicellular organisms to exploit resources more efficiently than single cells. In January 2016, scientists reported that, about 800 million years ago, a minor genetic change in a single molecule, called GK-PID, may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells.

text: Multicellular organism

text: s may have first evolved through the formation of

text: colonies

text: like cells. These cells can form group organisms through

text: cell adhesion

text: . The individual members of a colony are capable of surviving on their own, whereas the members of a true multi-cellular organism have developed specializations, making them dependent on the remainder of the organism for survival. Such organisms are formed

text: clonally

text: or from a single

text: germ cell

text: that is capable of forming the various specialized cells that form the adult organism. This specialization allows multicellular organisms to exploit resources more efficiently than single cells. In January 2016, scientists reported that,

text: about 800 million years ago

text: , a

text: minor genetic change

text: in a single

text: molecule

text: , called GK-PID, may have allowed

text: organism

text: s to go from a

text: single cell organism

text: to

text: one of many cells

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: clonally

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: were formed clonally or from a single germ cell

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multicellular organisms go from a single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Multicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why are prokaryoes more common

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: GK-PID

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 800 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: single cell organism

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: GK-PID

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: GK-PID

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 2016,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 800 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: clonally

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: specialization allows multicellular organisms to exploit resources more efficiently than single cells.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: clonally or from a single germ cell

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 800 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 800 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: about 800 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Multicellular organisms may have first evolved through the formation of colonies like cells.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: germ cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: GK-PID,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: single cell

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecule,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molecule, called GK-PID,

text: 1	1874/76	The past in the Present		Arthur Mitchell, MD, LLD		2	1876/78	The past in the Present		Arthur Mitchell, MD., LLD		3	1879	Scotland in Early Christian Times		Joseph Anderson		4	1880	Scotland in Early Christian Times 		Joseph Anderson		5	1881	Scotland in Pagan Times: The Iron Age		Joseph Anderson		6	1882	Scotland in Pagan Times: The Bronze and Stone Ages		Joseph Anderson		7	1883	The Roman Occupation of Britain		Rev J Collingwood Bruce, LLD FSA		8	1884	Ogham inscriptions in Ireland and Scotland		Sir Samuel Ferguson, QC., LLD., President of the Royal Irish Academy		9	1885	Early Christian symbolism in Great Britain and Ireland		J Romilly Allen, CE		10	1886	Register of Privy Council of Scotland		David Masson, MA LLD., Professor of Rhetoric & English Literature, University of Edinburgh		11	1887	Greek Antiquities		Alexander S Murray, LLD., Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, London		12	1888	The Lake Dwellings of Europe		Robert Munro, MA MD., Author of Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings		13	1889	Early Ethnology of the British Isles		John Rhys, MA, Professor of Celtic at Oxford		14	1890	Archaeological Aspects of Scottish Zoology		Professor J Duns, DD., New College, Edinburgh		15	1891	The Anthropological History of Europe		John Beddoe, MD LLD FRS, Vice-President of the Anthropolocial Institute of Great Britain and Ireland		16	1892	The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland		Joseph Anderson, LLD., Assistant Secretary and Keeper of the Scottish National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh		17	1893	The Place-names of Scotland		Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, Bart., MP		18	1894	Early fortifications in Scotland		David Christison, MD		19	1895	The Origins of Celtic Art		Arthur J Evans, MA., Keeper of the Ashmoleum Museum, Oxford		20	1896	Industrial arts of Scandinavia in pagan times		Dr Hans Hildebrand, Royal Antiquary of Sweden		21	1897	The Evidence for a Roman Occupation of North Britain		James MacDonald, LLD		22	1898	Heraldry		J Balfour Paul, Lyon King-of-Arms		23	1899	Architecture in Scotland		Thomas Ross		24	1900	The Edwards in Scotland, 1296-1377		Joseph Bain, FSA Scot		25	1901	The Constitution, Organisation, and Law of the Mediaeval Church in Scotland		Bishop Dowden		26	1902	Castellated architecture of Scotland 		Thomas Ross		27	1903	Scotland in the Time of Queen Mary		P Hume Brown, MA LLD., Fraser Professor of Ancient (Scottish) History and Palaeography in the University of Edinburgh		28	1904	Roman Scotland		George Macdonald, MA		29	1905	Roman Britain 		Dr F Haverfield, MA LLD		30	1906	The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions		Professor Sayce		31	1907	Roman Britain		Dr F Haverfield, MA LLD		32	1908	The Roman Station at Newstead		Mr James Curle		33	1909	The Occupation and use of the land in Scotland in Early Times		Dr David Murray		34	1910	Art of the Period of the Teutonic Migrations		Professor Baldwin Brown		35	1911	The Records of Scotland		J Maitland Thomson, LLD		36	1912	The Early Chronicles relating to Scotland		Rt Hon Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., President of the Society		37	1913	Some aspects of Scottish Feudalism		Dr George Neilson		38	1913	The Development of writing and printing in Western Europe		Dr W K Dickson		39	1914	The Liturgy and Ceremonial of The Mediaeval Church in Scotland		Mr F C Eeles		40	1915	Medals of the Renaissance		Mr G F Hill, Keeper of Coins & Medals, British Museum		41	1916	Celtic Place-Names in Scotland		Professor W J Watson, LLD		42	1917	Arms and Armour		Mr Charles J ffoulkes, Curator of Armories, Tower of London		43	1918	The Prehistoric Monuments of Scotland		Mr A O Curle		44	1919	House Furnishing and Domestic Life in Scotland 1488-1688		Mr John Warrack		45	1920	Painting in the Roman Empire (from the last century of the Republic to about 800 AD)		Mrs Strong, British School at Rome		46	1921	Egyptian Science		Professor W M Flinders Petrie		47	1922	Monastic Building in Britain		Mr C R Peers		48	1923	The Civilisation of Greece in the Bronze Age		Dr H R Hall		49	1924	Early Races of Scotland		Professor Thomas H Bryce		50	1925	The Mediaeval Castle in Scotland		Mr W M Mackenzie, Secretary RCAHMS		51	1926	Italian Sculpture of the Renaissance		Mr Eric Maclagan, Director, V & A Museum		52	1927	Roman Britain		Sir George Macdonald, KCB FBA LLD		53	1928	The Ancient Connections between Scotland and Norway		Professor A W Brøgger		54	1929	The History of the Brooch		Mr Reginald A Smith, BA FSA		55	1930	The Hittites		Professor Garstang		56	1931	Monastic Life and its influence on the Civilisation of Scotland		Mr George Gordon Coulton, Litt D DLitt LLD FBA		57	1932	The Megalithic Culture of Northern Europe		Dr C A Nordman, Helsingfors		58	1933	English Illumination from AD 700 to the end of the Fifteenth Century		Mr Eric G Millar, DLitt		59	1934	Augustan Civilisation in Western Europe		Mr Ian A Richmond		60	1935	Early Anglo Saxon Art and Archaeology		Mr E T Leeds, Keeper of the Ashmoleum Museum		61	1936	The Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula		Professor P Bosch Gimpera		62	1937	Mediaeval Edinburgh		Dr C A Malcolm		63	1938	Excavations at Ras Shamra		Monsieur Claude Shaeffer		64	1939	Early Art of Scandinavia		Professor Haakon Shetelig				1940 Postponed (delivered in April 1942)		65	1941	The Province of Mar		Dr W Douglas Simpson		66	1942	Jurisdictions of Mediaeval Scotland		Dr W C Dickinson		67	1943	The Topography of Roman Scotland		Mr O G S Crawford, FSA		68	1944	The Development of Tribal Society in Scotland		Professor V G Childe, DLitt DSc FBA V-PSA		69	1945	The Scottish Burghs		Dr W Mackay Mackenzie		70	1946 Spring	Scandinavian Art of the Post-Christian Pagan Period		Professor Haakon Shetelig 		71	1946 Oct	Castles and Cannon: A Study of Early Artillery Fortifications in England		Mr Bryan H St John O’Neil				1947 No lecture		72	1948	Early Christian Monuments in the Near East		Professor W M Calder, LLD		73	1949	First: The Mediaeval Stone Carver in Scotland	(Two series of lectures delivered)	Mr James S Richardson, LLD		74		Second: Regional House-Styles: their origins and development: recent studies in South Wales		Sir Cyril Fox, DLitt FSA		75	1950 (Series of seven lectures)	Periods of Highland Civilization		Miss I F Grant LLD		76	1951	Discipline of Field Archaeology		Professor R E Mortimer Wheeler		77	1952	Greek Sculpture: The Century after Pheidias		Mr Bernard Ashmole, MC MA BLitt FBA		78	1953	Architecture in Elizabethan England		Mr John Summerson, CBE FSA ARIBA		79	1954	The Laboratory in the service of Art and Archaeology		Dr H J Plenderleith		80	1955	A Survey of American Archaeology		Dr G H S Bushnell		81	1956	Classical inspiration in Medieval Art		Mr W F Oakenshott				1957 No lecture due to the death of Professor S P O’Riordain		82	1958	The Historical Local Institutions of Scotland		Professor G S Pryde of Glasgow		83	1959	The Role of Constantinople in Byzantine Art		Professor D Talbot Rice		84	1960	Roman Imperial Art		Mr J B Ward Perkins, Director of The British School at Rome		85	1961	The Origins of the Late Celtic Art		Professor Haseloff of Würzburg		86	1962  March	Mounds of the Middle East: their formation and excavation		Mr Seton Lloyd, CBE		87	Nov	The Prehistoric Origins of Europe		Professor Stuart Piggott, BLitt DLitt HUM		88	1964	The Coins of the Ancient Celts		Mr D F Allen, BA FBA FSA		89	1965  March	Anglo-Saxon Pottery and the Settlement of England		Mr J N L Myres, MA LLD FSA		90	Oct	Cultural Structure and Movement in East Asia from the Neolithic Period to the Unification of China		Mr William Watson, MA		91	1966/67	Scottish Architects and English Architecture in the 18th Century		Dr PJ Murray		92	1967/68	Late Medieval Monumental Sculpture in the West Highlands		Dr K A Steer 		93	1968/69	The Roman Frontier in Germany in the Light of New Research		Prof Dr Hans Schonberger   		94	1969/70	The Furnishing of Medieval Churches in Scotland		The Rt Rev Monsigneur D McRoberts S.T.L. 		95	1970/71	Plough and Field shape from Prehistoric Times to c1500 AD		Prof Axel Steensberg		96	1972/73	Byzantine Mosaic and Wall Paintings		D Winfield 		97	1973/74	Aspects of Archaeology in Iran		D B Stronach 		98	1974/75	Scottish Silversmiths and Their Work		Stuart Maxwell		99	1975/76	Interior Decoration in Great Britain		G Beard		100	1976/77	Pictish Art and Society		Dr I Henderson  		101	1977/78	Pre-Roman Celtic Art 		Prof O-H Frey		102	1978/79	The Medieval Cathedrals of Scotland 		Dr R Cant		103	1979/80	The Course of Architecture in Ireland		Dr M Craig		104	1980/81	The Industrial Heritage		Prof S G E Lythe		105	1981/82	Pre-Roman and Native Settlement between the Tyne and Forth		Prof G Jobey		106	1982/83	Aspects of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in the Netherlands and Britain  		Prof JD van der Waals		107	1983/84	The Danube Frontier of the Roman Empire		Prof J J Wilkes			1985/86	108	1986/87	Culture, Tradition and Artifact		Dr A Gailey		109	1987/88	The Archaeology of Death in Ancient Egypt		Dr A Rosalie Davie		110	1988/89	An Heroic Age: War and Society in Northern Britain AD 450-850		Prof Leslie Alcock		111	1989/90	The Archaeology of the Slavs		Dr Martin Gojda		112	1990/91	The Revival of Medieval and Early Renaissance Architecture in Scotland 1745-1930		Dr D M Walker		113	1991/92	Altering The Earth: The Origins of Monuments in Britain and Continental Europe		Prof R Bradley		114	1992/93	Scottish Monastic life on the Eve of the Reformation		Dr Mark Dilworth		115	1993/94	Oral Narrative in Scotland		Donald A MacDonald		116	1994/95	Enlarging the Past: the contribution of Wetland Archaeology		Professor John and Dr Bryony Coles		117	1995/96	Death and Wealth in Viking Scotland		Professor James Graham Campbell		118	1996/97	The Food of the Scots		Professor Alexander Fenton		119	1997/98	Scottish Royal Palaces: The Architecture of the Royal Residences during the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Periods		John Dunbar		120	1998/99	The Origins of Insular Monasticism 		Professor Charles Thomas		121	1999-2000	Significant Figures: Anderson, Baldwin-Brown, Childe, AO Curle, J Curle, A McBain, L Mann, WF Skene		Dr D J Breeze; Dr DV Clarke; Professor D Meek; Dr JNG Ritchie; Mr WDH Sellar		122	2000-2001	Art as Archaeology, Archaeology as Art: Transformations through material culture		Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, University of Cambridge		123	2001-2002	Peoples Between The Oceans		 Barry Cunliffe, University of Oxford		124	2002-2003	Lines from the past: towards an anthropological archaeology of inscription		Tim Ingold, University of Aberdeen		125	2003-2004	Court, Capital and Country: the Emergence of Renaissance Scotland		Michael Lynch (historian), University of Edinburgh		126	2004-2005	Men who turned towards the light: Cult and creativity in the Romans’ world		Professor Greg Woolf, University of St Andrews		127	2006	Rock and Cave Art		Paul Bahn		128	2007	Living in an Age of Stone: Neolithic people and their worlds		Professor Gabriel Cooney, University College Dublin		129	2008	Archaeology and the Sea in Scandinavia and Britain		Professor Ole Crumlin-Pedersen, Denmark		130	2009	New Light on the Dawn: a new perspective on the Neolithic Revolution in Southwest Asia		Emeritus Professor Trevor Watkins, University of Edinburgh		131	2010	Design versus Dogma:  Reflections on Field Archaeology		Martin Carver, University of York		132	2011	Material and spiritual engagements; Britain and Ireland in the first age of metal		Dr Stuart Needham		133	2012	On the windy edge of nothing: Vikings in the North Atlantic world - ecological and social journeys		Professor Kevin Edwards, University of Aberdeen

text: 1	1874/76	The past in the Present		Arthur Mitchell, MD, LLD		2	1876/78	The past in the Present		Arthur Mitchell, MD., LLD		3	1879	Scotland in Early Christian Times		Joseph Anderson		4	1880	Scotland in Early Christian Times 		Joseph Anderson		5	1881	Scotland in Pagan Times: The Iron Age		Joseph Anderson		6	1882	Scotland in Pagan Times: The Bronze and Stone Ages		Joseph Anderson		7	1883	The Roman Occupation of Britain		Rev J Collingwood Bruce, LLD FSA		8	1884	Ogham inscriptions in Ireland and Scotland		Sir Samuel Ferguson, QC., LLD., President of the Royal Irish Academy		9	1885	Early Christian symbolism in Great Britain and Ireland

text: J Romilly Allen

text: Mr Bryan H St John O’Neil

text: Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn

text: , University of Cambridge		123	2001-2002	Peoples Between The Oceans

text: Barry Cunliffe

text: , University of Oxford		124	2002-2003	Lines from the past: towards an anthropological archaeology of inscription

text: Tim Ingold

text: , University of Aberdeen		125	2003-2004	Court, Capital and Country: the Emergence of Renaissance Scotland

text: Michael Lynch (historian)

text: , University of Edinburgh		126	2004-2005	Men who turned towards the light: Cult and creativity in the Romans’ world		Professor

text: Greg Woolf

text: , University of St Andrews		127	2006	Rock and Cave Art

text: Paul Bahn

text: 128	2007	Living in an Age of Stone: Neolithic people and their worlds		Professor Gabriel Cooney, University College Dublin		129	2008	Archaeology and the Sea in Scandinavia and Britain		Professor Ole Crumlin-Pedersen, Denmark		130	2009	New Light on the Dawn: a new perspective on the Neolithic Revolution in Southwest Asia		Emeritus Professor Trevor Watkins, University of Edinburgh		131	2010	Design versus Dogma:  Reflections on Field Archaeology

text: Martin Carver

text: , University of York		132	2011	Material and spiritual engagements; Britain and Ireland in the first age of metal		Dr Stuart Needham		133	2012	On the windy edge of nothing: Vikings in the North Atlantic world - ecological and social journeys		Professor Kevin Edwards, University of Aberdeen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Origin of Life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Roman Occupation of Britain

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 1899

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archaeological Aspects of Scottish Zoology

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Bronze and Stone Ages

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the Bronze and Stone Ages

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: J Balfour Paul

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Arthur Mitchell, MD., LLD

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Iron Age

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The evidence for a Roman occupation of North Britain

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Joseph Anderson

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Joseph Anderson

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Archaeological Aspects of Scottish Zoology

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: J Duns, DD.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the first organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: genus

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: J Duns, DD.,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: John Rhys, MA, Professor of Celtic at Oxford

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Bronze and Stone Ages

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: J Duns, DD.,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Bronze and Stone Ages

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: John Rhys,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: J Duns, DD., New College, Edinburgh

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Zoology

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Anthropological History of Europe

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Greek and Roman Antiquities,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: British Museum, London

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Archaeological Aspects of Scottish Zoology

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, London

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: John Rhys, MA, Professor of Celtic at Oxford

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: John Rhys, MA, Professor of Celtic at Oxford

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Scotland in Early Christian Times

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Anthropological History of Europe

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Zoology

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: John Rhys, MA, Professor of Celtic at Oxford

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Zoology

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Industrial arts of Scandinavia in pagan times

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: J Duns, DD.,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Zoology

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Zoology

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Archaeological Aspects of Scottish Zoology

text: Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters pointing to some passages in the Bible, which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis. For example, in , the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and in Psalms the world is described as immobile.  says in part "the world is established, firm and secure".) Contemporary advocates for such religious beliefs include Robert Sungenis (president of Bellarmine Theological Forum and author of the 2006 book Galileo Was Wrong). These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a Geocentric worldview. Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

text: Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early

text: creation science

text: newsletters pointing to some passages in the

text: Bible

text: , which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis. For example, in , the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and in

text: Psalms

text: the world is described as immobile.  says in part "the world is established, firm and secure".) Contemporary advocates for such

text: religious belief

text: s include

text: Robert Sungenis

text: (president of

text: Bellarmine Theological Forum

text: and author of the 2006 book Galileo Was Wrong). These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a Geocentric worldview. Most contemporary

text: creationist

text: organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not known to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: the Sun and Moon stop in the sky

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates about its axis

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Galileo Was Wrong).

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: its axis.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Sun and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Robert Sungenis

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Robert Sungenis

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Most contemporary creationist organizations

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Articles arguing that geocentrism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: rotation of the Earth about its axis.

text: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC, noted that some geographers divided the continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them "islands". Others divided the continents by isthmuses, calling the continents "peninsulas". These latter geographers set the border between Europe and Asia at the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and the border between Asia and Africa at the isthmus between the Red Sea and the mouth of Lake Bardawil on the Mediterranean Sea.

text: Eratosthenes

text: , in the 3rd century BC, noted that some geographers divided the continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them "islands". Others divided the continents by

text: isthmus

text: es, calling the continents "peninsulas". These latter geographers set the border between Europe and Asia at the isthmus between the Black Sea and the

text: Caspian Sea

text: , and the border between Asia and Africa at the isthmus between the

text: Red Sea

text: and the mouth of

text: Lake Bardawil

text: on the

text: Mediterranean Sea

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the equator

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: isthmus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Nile and the Don

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: some geographers divided the continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them "islands"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3rd century BC

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: islands

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: did not indicate

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Europe and Asia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: rivers

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Others divided the continents by isthmuses,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rivers

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: rivers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: some geographers divided the continents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rivers

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Black Sea and the Caspian Sea,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Eratosthenes,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Eratosthenes,

text: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces, international networks of senior and early career scholars with a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters. There are currently two active Task Forces:

text: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces, international networks of senior and early career scholars with a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters. There are currently two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Task Forces

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earths earliest life forms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: It is not possible to tell.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth System Governance Project

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The ozone layer protects the ozone layer of the stratosphere from ultraviolet radiation.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The first photosynthetic organisms

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Glucose

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There are currently two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: early career scholars

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: two active Task Forces:

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Earth System Governance Project

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Earth System Governance Project organizes Task Forces,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: a series of working groups focused on particular ideas or idea clusters.

text: The observation and study of space protects Earth, as space hazards can be seen in advance and, if discovered early enough, acted against.

text: The observation and study of space protects Earth, as space hazards can be seen in advance and, if discovered early enough, acted against.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lava

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have been observed

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: space hazards

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The observation and study of space protects Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: have not yet been discovered

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned in the text

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: space hazards

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how long ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: space hazards can be seen in advance

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The observation and study of space protects Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The observation and study of space protects Earth,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The observation and study of space protects Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The observation and study of space protects Earth,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The observation and study of space

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: space protects Earth,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: space

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: space protects Earth,

text: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb (see nuclear bunker buster), intended to dig into the earth some distance prior to detonating.  According to one government source, the Mark 8 could penetrate  of reinforced concrete,  of hard sand,  feet of clay, or  of hardened armor-plate steel.

text: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb (see

text: nuclear bunker buster

text: ), intended to dig into the earth some distance prior to detonating.  According to one government source, the Mark 8 could penetrate  of reinforced concrete,  of hard sand,  feet of clay, or  of hardened armor-plate steel.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hard sand

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth-penetrating bombs

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earth-penetrating

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or clay?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nuclear bunker

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: clay,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Mark 8 could penetrate of reinforced concrete,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Mark 8

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nuclear bunker buster),

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nuclear bunker buster),

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: clay, or of hardened armor-plate steel.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Mark 8 was an early earth-penetrating bomb

text: Thick laminated multilayered phototrophic biofilms are usually referred to as microbial mats or phototrophic mats (see also biofilm). Phototrophic biofilms and microbial mats have been described in extreme environments like thermal springs, hyper saline ponds, desert soil crusts, and in lake ice covers in Antarctica. The 3.4-billion-year fossil record of benthic phototrophic communities, such as microbial mats and stromatolites, indicates that these associations represent the Earth's oldest known ecosystems. It is thought that these early ecosystems played a key role in the build-up of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere.

text: Thick laminated multilayered phototrophic biofilms are usually referred to as

text: microbial mat

text: s or phototrophic mats (see also

text: biofilm

text: ). Phototrophic biofilms and microbial mats have been described in extreme environments like thermal springs, hyper saline ponds, desert soil crusts, and in lake ice covers in Antarctica. The 3.4-billion-year fossil record of

text: benthic

text: phototrophic communities, such as microbial mats and

text: stromatolites

text: , indicates that these associations represent the Earth's oldest known ecosystems. It is thought that these early ecosystems played a key role in the build-up of

text: oxygen

text: in the

text: Earth’s atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: desert soil

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It is thought that these early ecosystems played a key role in the build-up of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere builds up

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbial mats

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.4-billion-year fossil record of benthic phototrophic communities

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It is thought that these early ecosystems played a key role in what?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is thought that these early ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: microbial mats

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: build-up of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: benthic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biofilm

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Antarctica.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: desert soil

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Thick laminated multilayered phototrophic biofilms

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: these associations represent the Earth's oldest known ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: build-up of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: benthic phototrophic communities,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: microbial mats

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Antarctica.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: microbial mats or phototrophic mats

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It is thought that these early ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microbial mats and stromatolites,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: microbial mats and stromatolites,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: microbial mats and stromatolites,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 3.4-billion-year

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: benthic phototrophic communities,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: early ecosystems

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: stromatolites,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biofilm).

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: There are several multi-target approaches to drug discovery, among them that used by Persomics. Multi-target alternatives to Persomics’ technology include drug repositioning, polypharmacy, high-throughput screening and chemogenomics. While these research approaches have proved effective in helping scientists to learn more about the human genome, the majority of the genome is still not understood. This is because approaches pertaining to phenotypic screening have traditionally been expensive and time-consuming.The company embodies a reverse transfection approach to phenotypic screening; this “is essentially a simplified version of what is currently done in multi-well plates” such as those used in both in vivo and in vitro high-throughput screening. As with this method, visualizing Persomics’ plates is made possible through the use of fluorescent dyes.  In addition, visualization entails fluorescence microscopy, which is a powerful tool used for observing cellular responses and mechanisms.

text: There are several

text: multi-target

text: approaches to drug discovery, among them that used by Persomics.

text: Multi-target

text: alternatives to Persomics’ technology include

text: drug repositioning

text: polypharmacy

text: high-throughput screening

text: and

text: chemogenomics

text: . While these research approaches have proved effective in helping scientists to learn more about the

text: human genome

text: , the majority of the genome is still not understood. This is because approaches pertaining to

text: phenotypic screening

text: have traditionally been expensive and time-consuming.The company embodies a

text: reverse transfection

text: approach to phenotypic screening; this “is essentially a simplified version of what is currently done in

text: multi-well plates

text: ” such as those used in both

text: in vivo

text: and

text: in vitro

text: high-throughput screening

text: . As with this method, visualizing Persomics’ plates is made possible through the use of

text: fluorescent dyes

text: .  In addition, visualization entails

text: fluorescence microscopy

text: , which is a powerful tool used for observing cellular responses and mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is still not understood.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: high-throughput screening

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: reverse transfection

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the majority of the genome is still not understood

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are still not understood

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates on itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has life existed on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The majority of the genome is still not understood.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: chemogenomics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fluorescence

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: chemogenomics.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: chemogenomics.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: reverse transfection

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: chemogenomics.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: human genome,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: chemogenomics.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: genome,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: drug repositioning, polypharmacy,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: genome,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the majority of the genome is still not understood.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: chemogenomics.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: reverse transfection

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: fluorescent dyes.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: genome,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fluorescent dyes.

text: The diagram shown above is a good representation of the life cycle of some multi-cellular algae (e.g. the genus Cladophora) which have sporophytes and gametophytes of almost identical appearance and which do not have different kinds of spores or gametes.

text: The diagram shown above is a good representation of the life cycle of some multi-cellular algae (e.g. the genus

text: Cladophora

text: ) which have sporophytes and gametophytes of almost identical appearance and which do not have different kinds of spores or gametes.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: spores and gametes

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The genus Cladophora is a multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are multicellular algae

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: sporophytes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: lava cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sporophytes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the best way to describe the life cycle of algae?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: spore

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: metabolites

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: algae (e.g. the genus Cladophora)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: different kinds of spores or gametes.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spores or gametes.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: do not have different kinds of spores or gametes.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sporophytes

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular algae

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: spores or gametes.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: spores

text: After their ship is hit by one of the orbiting "planets", Kin, Marco and Silver are forced to abandon ship and land on the flat Earth with the help of their lift-belt equipped suits. A return from the flat Earth now seems impossible, unless they are able to find its mysterious builders, so they embark on a journey to a structure they have spotted at the hub of the Disc, the only thing which does not match geographically with the Earth they know. En route, they encounter the superstitious Medieval inhabitants of the Disc, who believe the end of the world is near, due to increasingly chaotic climate (caused by the Disc's machinery breaking down), the recent disappearance of one of their planets and the general devastation caused by the ship's crash. They also discover a number of other differences. What Kin Arad knows as Reme is called Rome on the Disc, and there is a strange Christos cult that is completely unfamiliar to Kin Arad. Also, Venus is conspicuously lacking its giant (lunar-sized) moon Adonis, which dominates the sunset sky on the Earth Kin knows, and led humanity to a heliocentric world view early on. Since only the Eastern hemisphere of Earth is represented, the continent of America is completely missing; the travellers rescue a party of Vikings in the process of searching for Vinland, when their ship is about to sail over the edge of the world.

text: After their ship is hit by one of the orbiting "planets", Kin, Marco and Silver are forced to abandon ship and land on the flat Earth with the help of their lift-belt equipped

text: suits

text: . A return from the flat Earth now seems impossible, unless they are able to find its mysterious builders, so they embark on a journey to a structure they have spotted at the hub of the Disc, the only thing which does not match geographically with the Earth they know. En route, they encounter the superstitious

text: Medieval

text: inhabitants of the Disc, who believe the

text: end of the world

text: is near, due to increasingly chaotic climate (caused by the Disc's machinery breaking down), the recent disappearance of one of their planets and the general devastation caused by the ship's crash. They also discover a number of other differences. What Kin Arad knows as

text: Reme

text: is called

text: Rome

text: on the Disc, and there is a strange

text: Christos cult

text: that is completely unfamiliar to Kin Arad. Also,

text: Venus

text: is conspicuously lacking its giant (lunar-sized)

text: moon

text: Adonis, which dominates the sunset sky on the Earth Kin knows, and led humanity to a

text: heliocentric

text: world view

text: early on. Since only the Eastern hemisphere of Earth is represented, the continent of

text: America

text: is completely missing; the travellers rescue a party of

text: Viking

text: s in the process of searching for

text: Vinland

text: , when their ship is about to sail over the edge of the world.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is missing

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Adonis

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Kin, Marco and Silver are forced to abandon ship and land on the flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are missing

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were the earliest organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is hit by a planet

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: heliocentric

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: planets

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Why is America completely missing?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many planets does the Disc contain?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Disc

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: the Vikings

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Vinland

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Disc,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: heliocentric world view early on.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: lift-belt

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the continent of America is completely missing;

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: builders,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: "planets",

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the continent of America

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the continent of America

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: America

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: the continent of America is completely missing;

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Disc,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: humanity

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: moon Adonis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lift-belt

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "planets",

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: lift-belt equipped suits.

text: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior is partly an autobiographical account of RARE II and his disillusionment with the mainstream environmental movement, the early years of Earth First!, the FBI entrapment, and his ultimate disillusionment with what Earth First! became.  It is also partly a statement of his views on wilderness and the state of the environmental movement.

text: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior is partly an autobiographical account of RARE II and his disillusionment with the mainstream environmental movement, the early years of Earth First!, the FBI entrapment, and his ultimate disillusionment with what Earth First! became.  It is also partly a statement of his views on wilderness and the state of the environmental movement.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The FBI entrapment

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It is partly a statement of his views on wilderness and the state of the environmental movement

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are extinct

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not listed.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: II

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth First!,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a statement of his views on wilderness and the state of the environmental movement.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: II

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: II

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth First!,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: II

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: His book Confessions of an Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Eco-Warrior

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RARE II

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: RARE II

text: Hopanoids are probably the most abundant natural products on earth and are present in the organic matter of all sediments, independent of their age, origin or nature and are useful molecular fossil biomarkers in reconstruction of early evolution and geology.

text: Hopanoids are probably the most abundant natural products on earth and are present in the organic matter of all sediments, independent of their age, origin or nature and are useful molecular fossil biomarkers in reconstruction of early evolution and geology.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They are present in the organic matter of all sediments

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: sediments are deposited

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: molecule

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic matter

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: molecular

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: independent of their age, origin or nature

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: early evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Hopanoids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Hopanoids

text: The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms have evolved since life appeared on the planet, until the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 Ga (billion years) ago and there is evidence that life appeared as early as 4.1 Ga. The similarities between all present-day organisms indicate the presence of a common ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.9 million are estimated to have been named and 1.6 million documented in a central database to date. More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.

text: The evolutionary history of life on

text: Earth

text: traces the processes by which living and

text: fossil

text: organism

text: s have

text: evolved

text: since

text: life

text: appeared on the planet, until the present day. Earth formed about 4.5

text: Ga

text: (billion years) ago and there is evidence that life appeared as early as 4.1 Ga. The similarities between all present-day organisms indicate the presence of a

text: common ancestor

text: from which all known

text: species

text: have diverged through the process of evolution. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be

text: extinct

text: . Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.9 million are estimated to have been named and 1.6 million documented in a central database to date. More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossil organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: extinct

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the presence of a common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossil

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 10 million to 14 million,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 4.5

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 10 million to 14 million,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 10 million to 14 million,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.5

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: there is evidence that life appeared as early as 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.5

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 4.5

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: a common ancestor

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 4.5

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 4.1 Ga.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 4.5 Ga

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: fossil organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossil

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossil organisms

text: The Pais has one of the longest viticultural history in Chile, believed to have been brought to the region by Spanish conquistadors from Peru during their colonization of the continent in the 16th century. Ampelographers believe that along with the Criolla Grande grape of Argentina and Mission grape of California, that the Pais grape is descended by the Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520 by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. That early grape was then cultivated by Spanish missionaries and spread throughout the Americas. The Pais remained Chile's primarily wine grape until the emergence of the Bordeaux wine varietal in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

text: The Pais has one of the longest

text: viticultural

text: history in Chile, believed to have been brought to the region by

text: Spanish

text: conquistador

text: s from

text: Peru

text: during their

text: colonization of the continent

text: in the 16th century.

text: Ampelographer

text: s believe that along with the

text: Criolla Grande

text: grape of

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Mission

text: grape of

text: California

text: , that the Pais grape is descended by the Spanish "common black grape" brought to

text: Mexico

text: in 1520 by the Spanish conquistador

text: Hernán Cortés

text: . That early grape was then cultivated by

entity_name: Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery

text: Spanish missionaries

text: and spread throughout the

text: Americas

text: . The Pais remained Chile's primarily wine grape until the emergence of the

text: Bordeaux wine

text: varietal

text: in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: the Americas

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: limestone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: in the 16th century

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pais grape

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pais remained Chile's primarily wine grape until the emergence of the Bordeaux wine varietal

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pais grape

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Pais grape originate?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: wine

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Chile,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Peru

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Spanish "common black grape"

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 16th century. Ampelographers

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Pais remained Chile's primarily wine grape

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Spanish "common black grape"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: colonization of the continent in the 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Spanish "common black grape"

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Bordeaux

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Americas.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Peru during their colonization of the continent in the 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Peru during their colonization of the continent in the 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ampelographers

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Spanish "common black grape"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 16th century.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Pais has one of the longest viticultural history in Chile,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Spanish "common black grape"

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: colonization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: black grape"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: black grape"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: black grape"

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "common black grape"

text: About halfway through the Permian (in the Kungurian age of the Permian's Cisuralian epoch), all the continents joined to form the supercontinent Pangaea, surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa, although blocks that are now parts of Asia did not join the supercontinent until very late in the Permian. The configuration severely decreased the extent of shallow aquatic environments, the most productive part of the seas, and it exposed formerly isolated organisms of the rich continental shelves to competition from invaders. Pangaea's formation would also have altered both oceanic circulation and atmospheric weather patterns, creating seasonal monsoons near the coasts and an arid climate in the vast continental interior.

text: About halfway through the Permian (in the

text: Kungurian

text: age of the Permian's

text: Cisuralian

text: epoch

text: ), all the continents joined to form the supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: , surrounded by the

text: superocean

text: Panthalassa

text: , although blocks that are now parts of Asia did not join the supercontinent until very late in the Permian. The configuration severely decreased the extent of shallow aquatic environments, the most productive part of the seas, and it exposed formerly isolated organisms of the rich continental shelves to competition from invaders. Pangaea's formation would also have altered both oceanic circulation and atmospheric weather patterns, creating seasonal

text: monsoon

text: s near the coasts and an arid climate in the vast continental interior.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: arid climate

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: all the continents joined to form the supercontinent Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: about halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the Permian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents join

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Cisuralian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: shallow aquatic environments

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Permian

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: formerly isolated organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: shallow aquatic environments,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: altered both oceanic circulation and atmospheric weather patterns,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: formerly isolated organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: isolated organisms of the rich continental shelves

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: formerly isolated organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: formerly isolated organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: About halfway through the Permian

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: superocean Panthalassa,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: seasonal monsoons

text: A supercontinent is a landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton.

text: A supercontinent is a

text: landmass

text: comprising more than one

text: continent

text: al core, or

text: craton

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a single continental core

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A supercontinent is a type of landmass

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: supercontinents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is a supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is a supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is a supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A supercontinent is a landmass with more than one continental core

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glucose

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: craton.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: more than one continental core,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continental core,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: craton.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: A supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: craton.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: craton.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A supercontinent

text: The hypothesized supercontinent cycle is complemented by the Wilson cycle named after plate tectonics pioneer J. Tuzo Wilson, which describes the periodic opening and closing of ocean basins. Because the oldest seafloor material found today dates to only 170 million years old, whereas the oldest continental crust material found today dates to at least 4 billion years old, it makes sense to emphasize the much longer record of the planetary pulse that is recorded in the continents.

text: The hypothesized supercontinent cycle is complemented by the Wilson cycle named after

text: plate tectonics

text: pioneer

text: J. Tuzo Wilson

text: , which describes the periodic opening and closing of

text: ocean basin

text: s. Because the oldest seafloor material found today dates to only 170 million years old, whereas the oldest continental crust material found today dates to at least 4 billion years old, it makes sense to emphasize the much longer record of the planetary pulse that is recorded in the continents.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: seafloor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ocean basins

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the oldest continental crust material found today dates to at least 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary pulse is recorded

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: seafloor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4 billion years old

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: planetary pulse

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: seafloor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 170 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 170 million years old,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: periodic opening and closing of ocean basins.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the oldest seafloor material found today dates to only 170 million years old,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 170 million years old,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 170 million years old,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: planetary pulse

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 170 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: seafloor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4 billion years old,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The hypothesized supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 170 million years old,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Wilson cycle

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The hypothesized supercontinent cycle

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: crust

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wilson cycle

text: The second view (Protopangea-Paleopangea), based on both palaeomagnetic and geological evidence, is that supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6 Ga (during the Ediacaran Period). Instead, the continental crust comprised a single supercontinent from about 2.7 Ga (Gigaanum, or "billion years ago") until it broke up for the first time, somewhere around 0.6 Ga. This reconstruction is based on the observation that if only small peripheral modifications are made to the primary reconstruction, the data show that the palaeomagnetic poles converged to quasi-static positions for long intervals between about 2.7–2.2, 1.5–1.25 and 0.75–0.6 Ga. During the intervening periods, the poles appear to have conformed to a unified apparent polar wander path. Thus the paleomagnetic data are adequately explained by the existence of a single Protopangea–Paleopangea supercontinent with prolonged quasi-integrity. The prolonged duration of this supercontinent could be explained by the operation of lid tectonics (comparable to the tectonics operating on Mars and Venus) during Precambrian times, as opposed to the plate tectonics seen on the contemporary Earth.

text: The second view (Protopangea-Paleopangea), based on both

text: palaeomagnetic

text: and geological evidence, is that supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6

text: Ga

text: (during the

text: Ediacaran

text: Period). Instead, the continental crust comprised a single supercontinent from about 2.7 Ga (Gigaanum, or "billion years ago") until it broke up for the first time, somewhere around 0.6 Ga. This reconstruction is based on the observation that if only small peripheral modifications are made to the primary reconstruction, the data show that the palaeomagnetic poles converged to quasi-static positions for long intervals between about 2.7–2.2, 1.5–1.25 and 0.75–0.6 Ga. During the intervening periods, the poles appear to have conformed to a unified

text: apparent polar wander

text: path. Thus the paleomagnetic data are adequately explained by the existence of a single Protopangea–Paleopangea supercontinent with prolonged quasi-integrity. The prolonged duration of this supercontinent could be explained by the operation of lid tectonics (comparable to the tectonics operating on Mars and Venus) during

text: Precambrian

text: times, as opposed to the plate tectonics seen on the contemporary Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a single supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent cycles

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The prolonged duration of this supercontinent could be explained by the operation of lid tectonics

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Precambrian times

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Protopangea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago did supercontinent cycles not occur

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many billion years ago did the supercontinent break up?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: precambrian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: lid tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lid

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: lid tectonics

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: (Protopangea-Paleopangea),

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a single supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a single supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: supercontinent cycles

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 0.6 Ga (during the Ediacaran Period).

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.7 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: (Protopangea-Paleopangea),

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: supercontinent cycles did not occur before about 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 0.6 Ga (during the Ediacaran Period).

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 0.6 Ga (during the Ediacaran Period).

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: contemporary Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 0.6 Ga

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: lid tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: lid

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: lid

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lid tectonics

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 2.7 Ga (Gigaanum,

text: Above Earth, Ba'al's armada arrives. To the displeasure of his subordinates, the other System Lords, Ba'al announces that he will treat the Tau'ri leniently. Suspicious about Ba'al's thorough knowledge of Earth, Qetesh betrays him and forces him to tell her everything. She orders the destruction of McMurdo and the Ancient outpost in Ba'al's name, but she kills Ba'al when Teal'c discovers what she is doing. As Teal'c escapes to an Al'kesh, Qetesh orders the fleet to bombard Earth, while she goes to secure Ba'al's time machine.

text: Above Earth, Ba'al's armada arrives. To the displeasure of his subordinates, the other System Lords, Ba'al announces that he will treat the

text: Tau'ri

text: leniently. Suspicious about Ba'al's thorough knowledge of Earth, Qetesh betrays him and forces him to tell her everything. She orders the destruction of McMurdo and the Ancient outpost in Ba'al's name, but she kills Ba'al when Teal'c discovers what she is doing. As Teal'c escapes to an

text: Al'kesh

text: , Qetesh orders the fleet to bombard Earth, while she goes to secure Ba'al's time machine.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: What is the name of the Tau'ri?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Who is Teal'c?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Qetesh orders the fleet to bombard Earth

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What are the Tau'ri?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were the Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is bombarded

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: System Lords

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: What was the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What happened to the Tau'ri?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents on Earth are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What was the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What does Qetesh discover?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere become?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: what is the first photosynthetic organisms?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: What happened to the Tau'ri?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: apes

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: McMurdo

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancient outpost

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ancient outpost

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Qetesh betrays him and forces him to tell her everything.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancient outpost

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: time machine.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Qetesh orders the fleet to bombard Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: time machine.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ba'al's time machine.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Qetesh

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: time machine.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Al'kesh,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Tau'ri

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: time machine.

text: The prehistory of the United States comprises the occurrences within regions now part of the United States of America during the interval of time spanning from the formation of the Earth to the documentation of local history in written form. At the start of the Paleozoic era, what is now "North" America was actually in the southern hemisphere. Marine life flourished in the country's many seas, although terrestrial life had not yet evolved. During the latter part of the Paleozoic, seas were largely replaced by swamps home to amphibians and early reptiles. When the continents had assembled into Pangaea drier conditions prevailed. The evolutionary precursors to mammals dominated the country until a mass extinction event ended their reign.

text: The prehistory of the United States comprises the occurrences within regions now part of the

text: United States of America

text: during the interval of time spanning from the

text: formation of the Earth

text: to the documentation of local

text: history

text: in

text: written form

text: . At the start of the

text: Paleozoic era

text: , what is now

text: "North" America

text: was actually in the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: . Marine life flourished in the country's many seas, although terrestrial life had not yet evolved. During the latter part of the Paleozoic, seas were largely replaced by

text: swamps

text: home to

text: amphibians

text: and early

text: reptiles

text: . When the continents had assembled into

text: Pangaea

text: drier conditions prevailed. The

text: evolutionary precursors

text: to

text: mammals

text: dominated the country until a mass extinction event ended their reign.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Marine life flourished in the country's many seas

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Marine life flourished in the country's many seas

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were not yet evolved

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Marine life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is the most common type of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is now "North" America

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: marine life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mass extinction event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: terrestrial life had not yet evolved.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: terrestrial life had not yet evolved.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Marine life flourished in the country's many seas,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: formation of the Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Marine life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth to the documentation of local history in written form.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: terrestrial life had not yet evolved.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Marine life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Paleozoic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: mass extinction event

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: terrestrial life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: formation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mammals

text: Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere, which can result in mass extinctions. These include impacts by comets or asteroids with diameters of  or more, and the possibility of a massive stellar explosion, called a supernova, within a 100-light-year radius of the Sun, called a Near-Earth supernova. Other large-scale geological events are more predictable. If the long-term effects of global warming are disregarded, Milankovitch theory predicts that the planet will continue to undergo glacial periods at least until the Quaternary glaciation comes to an end. These periods are caused by eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit. As part of the ongoing supercontinent cycle, plate tectonics will probably result in a supercontinent in 250–350 million years. Some time in the next 1.5–4.5 billion years, the axial tilt of the Earth may begin to undergo chaotic variations, with changes in the axial tilt of up to 90°.

text: Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the

text: biosphere

text: , which can result in

text: mass extinction

text: s. These include impacts by

text: comet

text: s or

text: asteroid

text: s with diameters of  or more, and the possibility of a massive stellar explosion, called a

text: supernova

text: , within a 100-

text: light-year

text: radius of the Sun, called a

text: Near-Earth supernova

text: . Other large-scale geological events are more predictable. If the

text: long-term effects of global warming

text: are disregarded,

text: Milankovitch theory

text: predicts that the planet will continue to undergo

text: glacial period

text: s at least until the

text: Quaternary glaciation

text: comes to an end. These periods are caused by

text: eccentricity

text: axial tilt

text: , and

text: precession

text: of the Earth's orbit. As part of the ongoing

text: supercontinent cycle

text: plate tectonics

text: will probably result in a

text: supercontinent

text: in 250–350 million years. Some time in the next 1.5–4.5 billion years, the axial tilt of the Earth may begin to undergo chaotic variations, with changes in the axial tilt of up to 90°.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 350 million years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 4.5 billion years

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250–350 million years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Quaternary

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biosphere

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: mass extinctions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the biosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: comets or asteroids

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: supernova,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 250–350 million years.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Near-Earth supernova.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: mass extinctions.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Quaternary glaciation

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: supernova,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: asteroids

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosphere,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: supernova,

text: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible inspired some early Christian scholars such as Lactantius, John Chrysostom and Athanasius of Alexandria, but this remained an eccentric current. Learned Christian authors such as Basil of Caesarea, Ambrose and Augustine of Hippo were clearly aware of the sphericity of the Earth. "Flat Earthism" lingered longest in Syriac Christianity, which tradition laid greater importance on a literalist interpretation of the Old Testament. Authors from that tradition, such as Cosmas Indicopleustes, presented the Earth as flat as late as in the 6th century. This last remnant of the ancient model of the cosmos disappeared during the 7th century. From the 8th century and the beginning medieval period, "no cosmographer worthy of note has called into question the sphericity of the Earth."

text: Theological doubt informed by the

text: flat Earth

text: model implied in the

text: Hebrew Bible

text: inspired some early Christian scholars such as

text: Lactantius

text: John Chrysostom

text: and

text: Athanasius of Alexandria

text: , but this remained an eccentric current. Learned Christian authors such as

text: Basil of Caesarea

text: Ambrose

text: and

text: Augustine of Hippo

text: were clearly aware of the sphericity of the Earth. "Flat Earthism" lingered longest in

text: Syriac Christianity

text: , which tradition laid greater importance on a literalist interpretation of the Old Testament. Authors from that tradition, such as

text: Cosmas Indicopleustes

text: , presented the Earth as flat as late as in the 6th century. This last remnant of the ancient model of the cosmos disappeared during the 7th century. From the 8th century and the beginning

text: medieval period

text: , "no cosmographer worthy of note has called into question the sphericity of the Earth."

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sphericity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: "Flat Earthism" lingered longest in Syriac Christianity, which tradition laid greater importance on a literalist interpretation of the Old Testament

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: no cosmographer worthy of note

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: in the cosmos

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sphericity

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Basil of Caesarea, Ambrose and Augustine of Hippo

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 7th century.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sphericity

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: clearly aware of the sphericity of the Earth.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: flat Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: flat Earth model

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 7th century.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 6th century.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Theological doubt informed by the flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: sphericity

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "Flat Earthism"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: flat Earth model implied in the Hebrew Bible

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "Flat Earthism"

text: The geological time period surrounding the breakup of Kenorland is thought by many geologists to be the beginning of the transition point from the deep-mantle-plume method of continent formation in the Hadean to Early Archean (before the final formation of the Earth's inner core) to the subsequent two-layer core-mantle plate tectonics convection theory. However, the findings of an earlier continent, Ur, and a  supercontinent of around 3.1 Ga, Vaalbara, indicate this transition period may have occurred much earlier.

text: The geological time period surrounding the breakup of Kenorland is thought by many geologists to be the beginning of the transition point from the deep-mantle-plume method of continent formation in the

text: Hadean

text: to Early

text: Archean

text: (before the final formation of the Earth's inner

text: core

text: ) to the subsequent two-layer core-

text: mantle

text: plate tectonics

text: convection theory. However, the findings of an earlier continent,

text: Ur

text: , and a

text: supercontinent

text: of around 3.1 Ga,

text: Vaalbara

text: , indicate this transition period may have occurred much earlier.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hadean to Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: two-layer core-mantle plate tectonics convection theory

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 3.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.1 Ga

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell(s)

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Vaalbara,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.1 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: indicate this transition period may have occurred much earlier.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.1 Ga,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The geological time period surrounding the breakup of Kenorland

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Vaalbara,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Hadean to Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Hadean to Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3.1 Ga, Vaalbara,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Vaalbara,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the findings of an earlier continent,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Hadean to Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: (before the final formation of the Earth's inner core)

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Early Archean

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: inner core)

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ur,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: deep-mantle-plume

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: deep-mantle-plume

text: Since the breakup of the Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic (about 250 million years ago) the main tectonic story here has been the North American Plate's subduction of the Farallon Plate (see below) and its remaining fragments (such as the Kula, Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates).  As the North American plate overrides the last of each remnant it comes into contact with the Pacific Plate, generally forming a transform fault, such as the Queen Charlotte Fault running north of Vancouver Island, and the San Andreas Fault on the coast of California.  Between these is the Cascadia subduction zone, the last portion of a subduction zone that once stretched from Central America to Alaska.

text: Since the breakup of the

text: Pangaea

text: supercontinent in the

text: Jurassic

text: (about 250 million years ago) the main tectonic story here has been the North American Plate's subduction of the

text: Farallon Plate

text: (see below) and its remaining fragments (such as the

text: Kula

text: Juan de Fuca

text: Gorda

text: , and

text: Explorer

text: plates).  As the North American plate overrides the last of each remnant it comes into contact with the Pacific Plate, generally forming a

text: transform fault

text: , such as the

text: Queen Charlotte Fault

text: running north of

text: Vancouver Island

text: , and the

text: San Andreas Fault

text: on the coast of California.  Between these is the

text: Cascadia subduction zone

text: , the last portion of a subduction zone that once stretched from Central America to Alaska.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: As the North American plate overrides the last of each remnant it comes into contact with the Pacific Plate

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup of a supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: about 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years ago was the Jurassic?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or mRNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was the Pangaea supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: about 250 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 250 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pangaea supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: it comes into contact with the Pacific Plate,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: breakup

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 250 million years ago)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 250

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pangaea supercontinent in the Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Jurassic

text: One hypothesis for the origin of multicellularity is that a group of function-specific cells aggregated into a slug-like mass called a grex, which moved as a multicellular unit. This is essentially what slime molds do. Another hypothesis is that a primitive cell underwent nucleus division, thereby becoming a syncytium. A membrane would then form around each nucleus (and the cellular space and organelles occupied in the space), thereby resulting in a group of connected cells in one organism (this mechanism is observable in Drosophila). A third hypothesis is that as a unicellular organism divided, the daughter cells failed to separate, resulting in a conglomeration of identical cells in one organism, which could later develop specialized tissues. This is what plant and animal embryos do as well as colonial choanoflagellates.

text: One hypothesis for the origin of multicellularity is that a group of function-specific cells aggregated into a slug-like mass called a

text: grex

text: , which moved as a multicellular unit. This is essentially what

text: slime mold

text: s do. Another hypothesis is that a primitive cell underwent nucleus division, thereby becoming a

text: syncytium

text: . A membrane would then form around each nucleus (and the cellular space and organelles occupied in the space), thereby resulting in a group of connected cells in one organism (this mechanism is observable in

text: Drosophila

text: ). A third hypothesis is that as a unicellular organism divided, the daughter cells failed to separate, resulting in a conglomeration of identical cells in one organism, which could later develop specialized tissues. This is what plant and

text: animal embryo

text: s do as well as colonial

text: choanoflagellate

text: s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: underwent nucleus division

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: unicellular organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a group of function-specific cells aggregated into a slug-like mass

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: unicellular organisms divide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: nucleus division

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: hypotheses

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the third hypothesis?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: hypotheses for the origin of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: hypothesis is that a primitive cell underwent nucleus division

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unicellular organism

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nucleus division

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unicellular organism

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a primitive cell underwent nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: a primitive cell underwent nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: unicellular organism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: as a unicellular organism divided, the daughter cells failed to separate,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: slime molds

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Drosophila).

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a primitive cell underwent nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: a primitive cell underwent nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: choanoflagellates.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a primitive cell underwent nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nucleus

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: One hypothesis for the origin of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: One hypothesis for the origin of multicellularity

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: slime molds

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: choanoflagellates.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: specialized tissues.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: slime molds

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: a syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: nucleus division,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: syncytium.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: membrane

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: specialized tissues.

text: Glaciers (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

text: Glaciers (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2007)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The glaciers in this book are very large

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: glaciers melt

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia was the first supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not an example of glaciers?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution from prokaryotes

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Which of the following is not a type of crust?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The first supercontinent to form on Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the most likely explanation for this?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: mammal

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glaciers

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: Glaciers (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Glaciers (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Glaciers (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Glaciers

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Glaciers

text: At times in the geological past the Earth's atmosphere contained much more than 20% oxygen: e.g. up to 35% in the Upper Carboniferous period. This let animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

text: At times in the geological past the Earth's atmosphere contained much more than 20% oxygen: e.g. up to 35% in the

text: Upper Carboniferous

text: period. This let animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could not have survived without oxygen

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 20% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Earth's atmosphere contained much more than 20% oxygen in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: could not absorb oxygen

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere contains much less than 20% oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How did this affect the atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why might life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It didn't

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous period

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: let animals absorb oxygen more easily

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere contained much more than 20% oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 20%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: up to 35% in the Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 20% oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: let animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: At times in the geological past

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: animals absorb oxygen more easily and influenced their evolutionary patterns.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Upper Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carboniferous period.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen:

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen:

text: There were no large continents in the early Archean, and small protocontinents were probably the norm in the Mesoarchean because they were prevented from coalescing into larger units by the high rate of geologic activity. These felsic protocontinents (cratons) probably formed at hot spots from a variety of sources: mafic magma melting more felsic rocks, partial melting of mafic rock, and from the metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks. Although the first continents formed during the Archean, rock of this age makes up only 7% of the world's current cratons; even allowing for erosion and destruction of past formations, evidence suggests that only 5 to 40 percent of the present continental crust formed during the Archean.

text: There were no large continents in the early Archean, and small protocontinents were probably the norm in the

text: Mesoarchean

text: because they were prevented from coalescing into larger units by the high rate of geologic activity. These

text: felsic

text: protocontinents (cratons) probably formed at hot spots from a variety of sources: mafic magma melting more felsic rocks, partial melting of mafic rock, and from the metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks. Although the first continents formed during the Archean, rock of this age makes up only 7% of the world's current cratons; even allowing for erosion and destruction of past formations, evidence suggests that only 5 to 40 percent of the present

text: continental crust

text: formed during the Archean.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mafic magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: no large continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: rock of this age makes up only 7% of the world's current cratons

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: geologic activity increases

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: mafic magma

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no large continents were probably the norm

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Archean occur?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metamorphic alteration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocontinents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: felsic protocontinents

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: felsic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: no large continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: small protocontinents were probably the norm in the Mesoarchean

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: small protocontinents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protocontinents

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: high rate of geologic activity.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no large continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the first continents formed during the Archean,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: small protocontinents were probably the norm in the Mesoarchean

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Archean,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: There were no large continents in the early Archean,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: felsic protocontinents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: metamorphic alteration of felsic sedimentary rocks.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: mafic magma

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: felsic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: felsic

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mafic magma

text: Season eight of Stargate SG-1 sees the final defeat of the System Lords and the Replicators, changing the political face of the galaxy. Dr. Daniel Jackson also discovers the address for the Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy, and the international Atlantis Expedition is formed. In Pegasus Earth discovers more enemies, including the life-consuming Wraith and the nanite Asurans. A new enemy, the Ori, is introduced in the ninth season of SG-1. Their story arc is concluded in Stargate: The Ark of Truth with the defeat of the last Ori, the Ascended being Adria, and the turning of her armies.

text: Season eight of Stargate SG-1 sees the final defeat of the System Lords and the Replicators, changing the political face of the galaxy. Dr.

text: Daniel Jackson

text: also discovers the address for the Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy, and the international Atlantis Expedition is formed. In Pegasus Earth discovers more enemies, including the life-consuming

text: Wraith

text: and the nanite

text: Asuran

text: s. A new enemy, the

text: Ori

text: , is introduced in the ninth season of SG-1. Their story arc is concluded in

text: Stargate: The Ark of Truth

text: with the defeat of the last Ori, the Ascended being Adria, and the turning of her armies.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nanite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Season eight of Stargate SG-1 sees the final defeat of the System Lords

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: In Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth discovers more enemies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Who was the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the name of the new enemy?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What does Dr. Daniel Jackson discover?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many enemies does Earth discover in Pegasus?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the name of the new enemy, the Ori?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancients

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Wraith

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: enemies,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Replicators,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Ori, is introduced in the ninth season of SG-1.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ancients'

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ancients'

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis in the Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ancients'

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Season eight of Stargate SG-1

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Season eight of Stargate SG-1

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Season eight of Stargate SG-1

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Season eight of Stargate SG-1

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis in the Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Pegasus

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ori,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ancients' Lost City of Atlantis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Ark of Truth

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ori,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nanite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: life-consuming Wraith

text: There is also a legend that links the cotton thread's significance to a successful and happy married life. In Laos, where a traditional way of life is of trust on beliefs and superstitions, a marriage ceremony has a special link to an ancient legend and to the thread tying ceremony of the Baci celebration. According to their legend, marriages are predetermined in heaven by what is termed as nene or "Love Karma" (destiny). In the heavenly garden, each individual has a tree with branches cuddling to the soul of his or her life partner. Eventually such pre-destined intertwined trees move to earth as human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread. In the process of their coming to the earth, the cotton thread binding them is severed by “wind of scissors” and they are born on earth as separate individuals. Once born on the earth, they search for their soul mates and when they find them they marry, and by performing the Baci ceremony they are rejoined by tying the symbolic cotton thread. If the cotton thread so tied remains intact for three days then the marriage is considered fortunate and lucky for the couple.

text: There is also a legend that links the cotton thread's significance to a successful and happy married life. In Laos, where a traditional way of life is of trust on beliefs and superstitions, a marriage ceremony has a special link to an ancient legend and to the thread tying ceremony of the Baci celebration. According to their legend, marriages are predetermined in heaven by what is termed as nene or "Love

text: Karma

text: " (destiny). In the heavenly garden, each individual has a tree with branches cuddling to the soul of his or her life partner. Eventually such pre-destined intertwined trees move to earth as human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread. In the process of their coming to the earth, the cotton thread binding them is severed by “wind of scissors” and they are born on earth as separate individuals. Once born on the earth, they search for their soul mates and when they find them they marry, and by performing the Baci ceremony they are rejoined by tying the symbolic cotton thread. If the cotton thread so tied remains intact for three days then the marriage is considered fortunate and lucky for the couple.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Indo-Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: predetermined intertwined trees

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a cotton thread

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: If the cotton thread so tied remains intact for three days then the marriage is considered fortunate and lucky for the couple.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: pre-destined intertwined trees

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: intertwined trees

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cotton thread

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laos,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: If the cotton thread so tied remains intact for three days

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: tree

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: couple.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Laos,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Laos,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: born on earth as separate individuals.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: three days then the marriage is considered fortunate and lucky for the couple.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: couple.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: pre-destined intertwined trees

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: human beings with their wrists tied together by a cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: tree

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human beings

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: “wind of scissors”

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cotton thread.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cotton

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: cotton thread.

text: Throughout the history of the Earth, there have been times when continents collided and formed a supercontinent, which later broke up into new continents. About 1000 to 830 Ma, most continental mass was united in the supercontinent Rodinia. Rodinia may have been preceded by Early-Middle Proterozoic continents called Nuna and Columbia.

text: Throughout the history of the Earth, there have been times when continents collided and formed a supercontinent, which later broke up into new continents. About 1000 to 830 Ma, most continental mass was united in the supercontinent Rodinia. Rodinia may have been preceded by Early-Middle Proterozoic continents called Nuna and Columbia.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: about 1000 to 830 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nuna and Columbia?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: About 1000 to 830 Ma, most continental mass was united in the supercontinent Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 830 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Which of the following is not a type of DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Nuna and Columbia.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: continents collided

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: later broke up into new continents.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic continents

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents collided

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Nuna and Columbia.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Throughout

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic continents

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 1000 to 830 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic continents

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: there have been times when continents collided

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: continents collided and formed a supercontinent,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Rodinia.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: continents collided

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Early-Middle Proterozoic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Throughout the history of the Earth,

text: Sun–Earth  is suited for making observations of the Sun–Earth system. Objects here are never shadowed by Earth or the Moon. The first mission of this type was the International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3) mission used as an interplanetary early warning storm monitor for solar disturbances.  Since June 2015, DSCOVR has orbited the L point.

text: Sun–Earth  is suited for making observations of the Sun–Earth system. Objects here are never shadowed by Earth or the Moon. The first mission of this type was the

text: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

text: (ISEE-3) mission used as an interplanetary early warning storm monitor for solar disturbances.  Since June 2015,

text: DSCOVR

text: has orbited the L point.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: DSCOVR

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: DSCOVR

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth and the Moon

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: DSCOVR has orbited the L point.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: DSCOVR

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth and the Moon collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: L point

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first mission of this type?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What was the first mission of this type?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: DSCOVR has orbited the L point

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: the Moon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Moon.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Objects here are never shadowed by Earth or the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: solar disturbances.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar disturbances.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: solar disturbances.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Sun–Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: interplanetary early warning storm monitor for solar disturbances.

text: In the 1960s the tiny bottle city  of Kandor, the miniaturized capital city of the planet Krypton, resided in Superman's Fortress of Solitude. Originally, certain inhabitants resembling Kal-El formed the Superman Emergency Squad and would, on occasion, leave the bottle, enter the Earth's atmosphere and gain super powers in order to aid Superman. As designed by artist Curt Swan, their uniforms were similar to that of Superman save for the 'S' on their chests which resembled the early version, the 'S' and border in red on a yellow field, but in an elongated triangle.

text: In the 1960s the tiny bottle city  of

text: Kandor

text: , the miniaturized capital city of the planet Krypton, resided in Superman's

text: Fortress of Solitude

text: . Originally, certain inhabitants resembling

text: Kal-El

text: formed the

text: Superman Emergency Squad

text: and would, on occasion, leave the bottle, enter the Earth's atmosphere and gain super powers in order to aid Superman. As designed by artist

text: Curt Swan

text: , their uniforms were similar to that of Superman save for the 'S' on their chests which resembled the early version, the 'S' and border in red on a yellow field, but in an elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Superman Emergency Squad would, on occasion, leave the bottle

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: bottle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: gain super powers in order to aid Superman.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Superman Emergency Squad

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Superman Emergency Squad

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the 1960s

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth's atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Superman Emergency Squad

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: elongated triangle.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: super powers in order to aid Superman.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Krypton,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: bottle

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: super powers

text: Because its lineage is very old and could have emerged prior to cellular organisms, Mimivirus has added to the debate over the origins of life. Some genes unique to Mimivirus, including those coding for the capsid, have been conserved in a variety of viruses which infect organisms from all domains. This has been used to suggest that Mimivirus is related to a type of DNA virus that emerged before cellular organisms and played a key role in the development of all life on Earth. An alternative hypothesis is that there were three distinct types of DNA viruses that were involved in generating the three known domains of life—eukarya, archaea and bacteria. It has been suggested that Mimivirus and similar kinds are remnants of a "fourth domain" of life, and that other giant virus may represent other ancient domains.

text: Because its lineage is very old and could have emerged prior to cellular organisms, Mimivirus has added to the debate over the

text: origins of life

text: . Some genes unique to Mimivirus, including those coding for the

text: capsid

text: , have been conserved in a variety of viruses which infect organisms from all domains. This has been used to suggest that Mimivirus is related to a type of DNA virus that emerged before cellular organisms and played a key role in the development of all life on Earth. An alternative hypothesis is that there were three distinct types of DNA viruses that were involved in generating the three known

text: domains

text: of life—

text: eukarya

text: archaea

text: and

text: bacteria

text: . It has been suggested that Mimivirus and similar kinds are remnants of a "fourth domain" of life, and that other giant virus may represent other ancient domains.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mimivirus has added to the debate over the origins of life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Mimivirus has added to the debate over the origins of life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mimivirus has added to the debate over the origins of life

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Mimivirus is related to a type of DNA virus

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mimivirus has added to the debate over the origins of life

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Mimivirus?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It has been suggested that Mimivirus and similar kinds are remnants of what?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: archaea

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: could have emerged prior to cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: three distinct types of DNA viruses

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life—eukarya, archaea and bacteria.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: three distinct types of DNA viruses

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: three

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: bacteria.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: DNA virus that emerged before cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: DNA virus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Mimivirus

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: capsid,

text: A subduction zone is a region of the earth's crust where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate; oceanic crust gets recycled back into the mantle and continental crust gets created by the formation of arc magmas. Arc magmas account for more than 20% of terrestrially produced magmas and are produced by the dehydration of minerals within the subducting slab as it descends into the mantle and are accreted onto the base of the overriding continental plate. Subduction zones host a unique variety of rock types created by the high-pressure, low-temperature conditions a subducting slab encounters during its descent. The metamorphic conditions the slab passes through in this process creates and destroys water bearing (hydrous) mineral phases, releasing water into the mantle. This water lowers the melting point of mantle rock, initiating melting. Understanding the timing and conditions in which these dehydration reactions occur, is key to interpreting mantle melting, volcanic arc magmatism, and the formation of continental crust.

text: A

text: subduction zone

text: is a region of the earth's crust where one

text: tectonic plate

text: moves under another tectonic plate;

text: oceanic crust

text: gets recycled back into the mantle and

text: continental crust

text: gets created by the formation of arc

text: magma

text: s. Arc magmas account for more than 20% of terrestrially produced magmas and are produced by the dehydration of minerals within the subducting slab as it descends into the mantle and are accreted onto the base of the overriding continental plate. Subduction zones host a unique variety of rock types created by the high-pressure, low-temperature conditions a subducting slab encounters during its descent. The metamorphic conditions the slab passes through in this process creates and destroys water bearing (hydrous) mineral phases, releasing water into the mantle. This water lowers the melting point of mantle rock, initiating melting. Understanding the timing and conditions in which these dehydration reactions occur, is key to interpreting mantle melting, volcanic arc magmatism, and the formation of continental crust.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: one tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Subduction zones

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: This water lowers the melting point of mantle rock, initiating melting

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: did not answer this question

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: subduction zones occur

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the reason for mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a type of rock: oceanic crust gets recycled back into the mantle or continental crust?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: releasing water into the mantle.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the formation of arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oceanic crust

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: arc magmas. Arc magmas

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: arc magmas.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: arc magmas. Arc magmas

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic arc magmatism,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: A subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: The television series CSI: Miami introduced both surface and wall multi-touch displays in its sixth season. Another television series, NCIS: Los Angeles, makes use of multi-touch surfaces and wall panels as an initiative to go digital. Another form of a multi-touch computer was seen in the film The Island, where the professor, played by Sean Bean, has a multi-touch desktop to organize files, based on an early version of Microsoft Surface (not be confused with the tablet computers which now bear that name). Multi-touch technology can also be seen in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace, where MI6 uses a touch interface to browse information about the criminal Dominic Greene. In an episode of the television series The Simpsons, Lisa Simpson travels to the underwater headquarters of Mapple to visit Steve Mobbs, who is shown to be performing multiple multi-touch hand gestures on a large touch wall.

text: The television series

text: CSI: Miami

text: introduced both surface and wall multi-touch displays in its sixth season. Another television series,

text: NCIS: Los Angeles

text: , makes use of multi-touch surfaces and wall panels as an initiative to go digital. Another form of a multi-touch computer was seen in the film

text: The Island

text: , where the professor, played by

text: Sean Bean

text: , has a multi-touch desktop to organize files, based on an early version of

text: Microsoft Surface

text: (not be confused with the

text: tablet computers

text: which now bear that name). Multi-touch technology can also be seen in the

text: James Bond

text: film

text: Quantum of Solace

text: , where MI6 uses a touch interface to browse information about the criminal Dominic Greene. In

text: an episode

text: of the television series

text: The Simpsons

text: Lisa Simpson

text: travels to the underwater headquarters of Mapple to visit Steve Mobbs, who is shown to be performing multiple multi-touch hand gestures on a large touch wall.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Multi-touch technology

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: CSI: Miami introduced both surface and wall multi-touch displays in its sixth season

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: CSI: Miami

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: surface

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mapple

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: sixth season.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: makes use of multi-touch surfaces and wall panels

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: underwater headquarters of Mapple

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: surface and wall multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The television series CSI: Miami

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The television series CSI: Miami

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: underwater headquarters of Mapple

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: underwater headquarters of Mapple to visit Steve Mobbs,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: multi-touch displays

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: multi-touch displays

text: One explanation for Venus's lack of plate tectonics is that on Venus temperatures are too high for significant water to be present. The Earth's crust is soaked with water, and water plays an important role in the development of shear zones. Plate tectonics requires weak surfaces in the crust along which crustal slices can move, and it may well be that such weakening never took place on Venus because of the absence of water. However, some researchers remain convinced that plate tectonics is or was once active on this planet.

text: One explanation for Venus's lack of plate tectonics is that on Venus temperatures are too high for significant water to be present. The Earth's crust is soaked with water, and water plays an important role in the development of

text: shear zone

text: s. Plate tectonics requires weak surfaces in the crust along which crustal slices can move, and it may well be that such weakening never took place on Venus because of the absence of water. However, some researchers remain convinced that plate tectonics is or was once active on this planet.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: water plays an important role in the development of shear zones

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: water plays an important role in the development of shear zones

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Venus's crust

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust is soaked with water

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: crustal slices

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: water plays an important role in the development of shear zones

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times has plate tectonics been active on this planet?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus's

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: shear zones.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Plate tectonics requires weak surfaces in the crust

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: crustal slices

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Earth's crust is soaked with water,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: plate tectonics is or was once active on this planet.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Venus temperatures are too high for significant water to be present.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Venus's lack of plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Earth's crust is soaked with water,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: shear zones. Plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Venus's

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water, and water plays an important role in the development of shear zones.

text: The Great Oxygenation Event occurred approximately 2.4 Ga (billion years ago) as cyanobacteria induced the presence of dioxygen in earth’s atmosphere.  Biological oxidation leading to oxidative stress and cell damage in animals represents one of these types of reactions which are responsible for many animal diseases. Incorporation of metals perhaps combated this. The central chemistry of all these cells has to be reductive in order that the synthesis of the required chemicals, especially biopolymers, is possible. The different anaerobic, autocatalysed, reductive, metabolic pathways seen in the earliest cells we know about developed in separate energised vesicles, protocells, where they were produced cooperatively with certain bases of the nucleic acids.

text: The

text: Great Oxygenation Event

text: occurred approximately 2.4

text: Ga

text: (billion years ago) as cyanobacteria induced the presence of

text: dioxygen

text: in earth’s atmosphere.  Biological oxidation leading to oxidative stress and cell damage in animals represents one of these types of reactions which are responsible for many animal diseases. Incorporation of metals perhaps combated this. The central chemistry of all these cells has to be

text: reductive

text: in order that the synthesis of the required chemicals, especially

text: biopolymers

text: , is possible. The different

text: anaerobic

text: autocatalysed

text: reductive

text: metabolic

text: pathways seen in the earliest cells we know about developed in separate energised vesicles,

text: protocell

text: s, where they were produced cooperatively with certain bases of the

text: nucleic acids

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: nucleic acids

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event occurred approximately 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth’s atmosphere is depleted of oxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is not a type of cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Great Oxygenation Event?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many billion years ago did the Great Oxygenation Event occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Great Oxygenation Event?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How long ago did the Great Oxygenation Event occur?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: what is the first element mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did the Great Oxygenation Event cause?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many billion years ago was the Great Oxygenation Event?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: protocells

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleic acids

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biopolymers

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cooperatively with certain bases of the nucleic acids.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Biological oxidation leading to oxidative stress and cell damage in animals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cyanobacteria induced the presence of dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: nucleic acids.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 2.4 Ga (billion years ago) as cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nucleic acids.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event occurred approximately 2.4 Ga

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: cyanobacteria induced the presence of dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: protocells,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: nucleic acids.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biopolymers,

text: Nonetheless, Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life, and fossil evidence from the Earth supplies most studies of abiogenesis. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years; the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, and possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era, after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. Microbial mat fossils have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of biogenic substances includes graphite and possibly stromatolites discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Greenland, as well as "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to a scientist who commented on the study, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth … then it could be common in the universe."

text: Nonetheless, Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life, and fossil evidence from the Earth supplies most studies of abiogenesis. The

text: age of the Earth

text: is about 4.54 billion years; the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, and possibly as early as the

text: Eoarchean

text: Era, after a geological

text: crust

text: started to solidify following the earlier molten

text: Hadean

text: Eon

text: Microbial mat

text: fossil

text: s have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old

text: sandstone

text: in

text: Western Australia

text: . Other early physical evidence of

text: biogenic substance

text: s includes

text: graphite

text: and possibly

text: stromatolites

text: discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old

text: metasedimentary rocks

text: in southwestern

text: Greenland

text: , as well as "remains of

text: biotic life

text: " found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to a scientist who commented on the study, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth … then it could be common in the

text: universe

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eoarchean

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sandstone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.54 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a geological crust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: abiogenesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eoarchean Era

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a geological crust started to solidify

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Microbial mat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: untrue

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many billion years ago was the earliest evidence of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Microbial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Greenland

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten Hadean Eon.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.54 billion years;

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: at least 3.5 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: abiogenesis.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: at least 3.5 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: molten Hadean Eon.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.5 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Microbial mat

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "If life arose relatively quickly

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: molten Hadean Eon.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eoarchean Era,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Microbial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: molten Hadean Eon.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Earth remains the only place in the Universe known to harbour life,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Microbial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: graphite

text: A natural example of rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth's atmosphere. Because the atmosphere has mass, most atmospheric matter is nearer to the Earth due to the Earth's gravitation.  Therefore, air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers. Thus rarefaction can refer either to a reduction in density over space at a single point of time, or a reduction of density over time for one particular area.

text: A natural example of rarefaction occurs in the layers of

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: . Because the atmosphere has

text: mass

text: , most atmospheric

text: matter

text: is nearer to the Earth due to the Earth's

text: gravitation

text: .  Therefore, air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers. Thus rarefaction can refer either to a reduction in density over space at a single point of time, or a reduction of density over time for one particular area.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: lower layers of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: lower layers

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: lower layers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: mass,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a single point of time,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's gravitation.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: layers of Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: air at lower layers.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A natural example of rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A natural example of rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth's atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A natural example of rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A natural example of rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A natural example of rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: rarefaction

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: air

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: air

text: Few modern organisms use this method of photosynthesis, making their water contribution negligible. But on the hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor early Earth, a small but significant portion of Earth's water may have been synthesized biochemically through this pathway.

text: Few modern organisms use this method of photosynthesis, making their water contribution negligible. But on the

text: hydrogen-sulfide

text: -rich and oxygen-poor early Earth, a small but significant portion of Earth's water may have been synthesized biochemically through this pathway.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen-sulfide

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's birth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a small but significant portion of Earth's water may have been synthesized biochemically through this pathway

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: hydrogen-sulfide

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's water evaporates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: modern organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Few modern organisms use this method of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Few modern organisms use this method of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich and oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Few modern organisms use this method of photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: modern organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthesis,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen-poor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: modern organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: hydrogen-sulfide-rich

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water

text: In Ancient Greece, Aristotle (384-322 BCE) observed that fossils of seashells from rocks resembled seashells found on beaches - he inferred that the fossils had once formed part of living animals, and reasoned that the positions of land and sea had changed over long periods of time. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) concurred with Aristotle's interpretation that fossils represented the remains of ancient life.

text: In

text: Ancient Greece

text: Aristotle

text: (384-322 BCE) observed that

text: fossils

text: of seashells from rocks resembled seashells found on beaches - he inferred that the fossils had once formed part of living animals, and reasoned that the positions of land and sea had changed over long periods of time.

text: Leonardo da Vinci

text: (1452-1519) concurred with Aristotle's interpretation that fossils represented the remains of ancient life.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: seashells

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: fossils of what?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Aristotle inferred that the fossils had once formed part of living animals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: land and sea have changed over long periods of time

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1452-1519)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long did it take for mantle convection to slow down?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did Leonardo da Vinci live?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Leonardo da Vinci agree with Aristotle?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Greece,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: seashells

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: living animals,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: living animals,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: he inferred that the fossils had once formed part of living animals,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: land and sea had changed over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: living animals,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fossils of seashells

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: living animals,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: fossils of seashells

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Leonardo da Vinci

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: animals,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils of seashells

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: fossils of seashells

text: Thus, the moral value of one-celled organisms, as well as some multi-cellular organisms, and natural entities like a river, is only in the benefit they provide to sentient beings. Similarly, utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on biodiversity, although the benefits that biodiversity bring to sentient beings may mean that, on utilitarianism, biodiversity ought to be maintained in general.

text: Thus, the moral value of one-celled organisms, as well as some multi-cellular organisms, and natural entities like a river, is only in the benefit they provide to sentient beings. Similarly, utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on

text: biodiversity

text: , although the benefits that biodiversity bring to sentient beings may mean that, on utilitarianism, biodiversity ought to be maintained in general.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: one-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: one-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on biodiversity

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: one-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth rotates

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: one-celled organisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-cellular organisms,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: river, is only in the benefit they provide to sentient beings.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Thus, the moral value of one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: river,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the moral value of one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Thus, the moral value of one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the moral value of one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: utilitarianism places no direct intrinsic value on biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: one-celled

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: river,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: river,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: one-celled organisms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biodiversity,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: river,

text: In a later paper he proposed that this occurred by their being dragged towards the equator by tidal forces during the hypothesized capture of the moon, resulting in "general crustal creep" toward the equator.   The initial key to his proposal, the complementary shapes of the continental masses, had been observed as early as  the 16th century by Abraham Ortelius, but had lacked a credible driving force.  His own proposition was that the moon was captured by the Earth's gravity during the Cretaceous period 100 million years ago, and came so close to the earth that its tidal pull dragged the continents toward the Equator.  This lacked evidence, thus undermining the credibility of the continental drift observation. He had proposed that the continents ploughed through the ocean floors towards the equator, wrinkling their Equator-facing fronts to produce the Himalayas and Alps. Although his proposed mechanism was wrong, he was the first to come to the insight that one of the effects of continental motion would be the formation of mountains due to the collision of continental plates.

text: In a later paper he proposed that this occurred by their being dragged towards the equator by tidal forces during the hypothesized capture of the moon, resulting in "general crustal creep" toward the equator.   The initial key to his proposal, the complementary shapes of the continental masses, had been observed as early as  the 16th century by

text: Abraham Ortelius

text: , but had lacked a credible driving force.  His own proposition was that the moon was captured by the Earth's gravity during the

text: Cretaceous

text: period 100 million years ago, and came so close to the earth that its tidal pull dragged the continents toward the Equator.  This lacked evidence, thus undermining the credibility of the continental drift observation. He had proposed that the continents ploughed through the ocean floors towards the equator, wrinkling their Equator-facing fronts to produce the Himalayas and Alps. Although his proposed mechanism was wrong, he was the first to come to the insight that one of the effects of continental motion would be the formation of mountains due to the collision of continental plates.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tidal forces

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: He had proposed that the continents ploughed through the ocean floors towards the equator

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous period

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents ploughed through the ocean floors

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cretaceous

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the Cretaceous period last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Ortelius propose that life originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cretaceous period

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: moon,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Abraham Ortelius, but had lacked a credible driving force.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: tidal forces

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: his proposed mechanism was wrong,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cretaceous period 100 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: collision of continental plates.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: continental masses,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 100 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: capture of the moon,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: moon,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Abraham Ortelius,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: moon,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: mountains

text: The results will contribute to our understanding of photobiological processes in simulated radiation climates of planets (e.g. early Earth, early and present Mars, and the role of the ozone layer in protecting the biosphere from harmful UV-B radiation), as well as studies of the probabilities and limitations for life to be distributed beyond its planet of origin. EXPOSE data support long-term in situ studies of microbes in artificial meteorites, as well as of microbial communities from special ecological niches. Some EXPOSE experiments investigated to what extent particular terrestrial organisms are able to cope with extraterrestrial environmental conditions. Others tested how organic molecules react when subjected for a prolonged period of time to unfiltered solar light.

text: The results will contribute to our understanding of

text: photobiological processes

text: in simulated radiation climates of planets (e.g. early Earth, early and present Mars, and the role of the ozone layer in protecting the biosphere from harmful

text: UV-B radiation

text: ), as well as studies of the probabilities and limitations for

text: life

text: to be distributed beyond its planet of origin. EXPOSE data support long-term in situ studies of

text: microbes

text: in artificial meteorites, as well as of microbial communities from special ecological niches. Some EXPOSE experiments investigated to what extent particular terrestrial

text: organism

text: s are able to cope with extraterrestrial environmental conditions. Others tested how

text: organic molecule

text: s react when subjected for a prolonged period of time to unfiltered

text: solar light

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: EXPOSE data support long-term in situ studies of microbes in artificial meteorites

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: UV-B radiation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unfiltered solar light

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Some EXPOSE experiments investigated to what extent particular terrestrial organisms are able to cope with extraterrestrial environmental conditions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth, early and present Mars

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: convection was super fast

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The results will contribute to our understanding of photobiological processes in simulated radiation climates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Earth, early and present Mars

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The results will contribute to our understanding of photobiological processes in simulated radiation climates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the result of EXPOSE?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: the role of the ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: EXPOSE data support long-term in situ studies of microbes

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The results will contribute to our understanding of photobiological processes in simulated radiation climates of planets

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: artificial meteorites,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a prolonged period of time to unfiltered solar light.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: terrestrial organisms are able to cope with extraterrestrial environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: microbial communities from special ecological niches.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: probabilities and limitations for life to be distributed beyond its planet of origin.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mars,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone layer in protecting the biosphere from harmful UV-B radiation),

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: microbes in artificial meteorites,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: EXPOSE

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: terrestrial

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone layer

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ozone layer

text: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

text: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eurasian

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lava

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 2 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: has not yet been discovered.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth's surface covered by water.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: can be found in the oceans

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: were eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents merge

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the corridor coach

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times could life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: European

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: European continent as the American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: European continent as the American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The corridor coach was known on the European continent

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: American system

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The corridor coach was known on the European continent as the American system

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: European continent as the American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The corridor coach

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The corridor coach

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: American system or American coach in the early 1900s.

text: A softkey or soft key is a button flexibly programmable to invoke any of a number of functions rather than being associated with a single fixed function or a fixed set of functions. A softkey is often located alongside a display device of a portable device such as a cellular phone, where the button invokes a function described by the text at that moment shown adjacent to the button on the display. However, softkeys are also found away from the display device, for example on the sides of cellular phones, where they are typically programmed to invoke functions such as PTT, memo, or volume control. Softkeys are generally found on keyboards (e.g. the F keys), cellular phones, Automated Teller Machines, Primary Flight and Multi-Function Displays, although they are also found elsewhere. Hard key is the contrary term, which means a hard-coded key such as a number key pad or the Send/End key of a mobile phone. Depending on the development company, cellular phone softkeys are often called F1(Left), F2(Right).

text: A softkey or soft key is a button flexibly programmable to invoke any of a number of functions rather than being associated with a single fixed function or a fixed set of functions. A softkey is often located alongside a

text: display device

text: of a portable device such as a cellular phone, where the button invokes a function described by the text at that moment shown adjacent to the button on the display. However, softkeys are also found away from the

text: display device

text: , for example on the sides of cellular phones, where they are typically programmed to invoke functions such as

text: PTT

text: , memo, or volume control. Softkeys are generally found on

text: keyboards

text: (e.g.

text: the F keys

text: cellular phone

text: s,

text: Automated Teller Machine

text: s,

text: Primary Flight

text: and

text: Multi-Function Displays

text: , although they are also found elsewhere. Hard key is the contrary term, which means a hard-coded key such as a number key pad or the Send/End key of a mobile phone. Depending on the development company, cellular phone softkeys are often called F1(Left), F2(Right).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: F1

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: hard key

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: F1

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: F1

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Softkeys

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Softkeys are typically programmed to invoke functions such as PTT, memo, or volume control

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Softkeys

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: F2(Right)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Softkeys are activated

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Softkeys

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Softkeys

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: hard key

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Nucleic acids in living things include DNA and RNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Softkeys

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated on Earth more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Era

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hard key

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: softkeys are also found away from the display device,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: A softkey or soft key

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Flight and Multi-Function Displays,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Primary Flight

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: A softkey or soft key

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Primary Flight and Multi-Function Displays,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular phones, Automated Teller Machines,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Primary Flight

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: A softkey

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Primary Flight and Multi-Function Displays,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: softkey

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: A softkey

text: Originally, earth was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as the earth. By early Modern English, many nouns were capitalized, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e.g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the (e.g. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing?"

text: Originally, earth was written in lowercase, and from

text: early Middle English

text: , its

text: definite

text: sense as "the globe" was expressed as

text: the

text: earth. By

text: early Modern English

text: , many nouns were capitalized, and the earth became (and often remained) the Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the

text: other planets

text: House styles

text: now vary:

text: Oxford spelling

text: recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name (e.g. "Earth's atmosphere") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the (e.g. "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Earths first crust was probably made of

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: many nouns were capitalized

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is surrounded by water

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What on Earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the first continents on Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere became ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: first organisms to make food by photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: what on earth are you doing?

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: gas that protects Earth from harmful radiation

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: waste product of photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: lowercase,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: lowercase,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It almost always appears in lowercase

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: heavenly bodies.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: earth was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: lowercase form

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth, particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: lowercase,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: planets.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere")

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: planets.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "what on earth are you doing?"

text: Margolus was one of the organizers of a seminal research meeting on the connections between physics and computation theory, held on Mosquito Island in 1982. He is known for inventing the block cellular automaton and the Margolus neighborhood for block cellular automata, which he used to develop cellular automaton simulations of billiard-ball computers. In the same work, Margolus also showed that the billiard ball model could be simulated by a second order cellular automaton, a different type of cellular automaton invented by his thesis advisor, Edward Fredkin. These two simulations were among the first cellular automata that were both reversible (able to be run backwards as well as forwards for any number of time steps, without ambiguity) and universal (able to simulate the operations of any computer program); this combination of properties is important in low-energy computing, as it has been shown that the energy dissipation of computing devices may be made arbitrarily small if and only if they are reversible. In connection with this issue, Margolus and his co-author  Lev B. Levitin proved the Margolus–Levitin theorem showing that the speed of any computer is limited by the fundamental laws of physics to be at most proportional to its energy use; this implies that ultra-low-energy computers must run more slowly than conventional computers.

text: Margolus was one of the organizers of a seminal research meeting on the connections between physics and computation theory, held on

text: Mosquito Island

text: in 1982. He is known for inventing the

text: block cellular automaton

text: and the Margolus neighborhood for block cellular automata, which he used to develop cellular automaton simulations of

text: billiard-ball computer

text: s. In the same work, Margolus also showed that the billiard ball model could be simulated by a

text: second order cellular automaton

text: , a different type of cellular automaton invented by his thesis advisor,

text: Edward Fredkin

text: . These two simulations were among the first cellular automata that were both reversible (able to be run backwards as well as forwards for any number of time steps, without ambiguity) and

text: universal

text: (able to simulate the operations of any computer program); this combination of properties is important in low-energy computing, as it has been shown that the energy dissipation of computing devices may be made arbitrarily small if and only if they are reversible. In connection with this issue, Margolus and his co-author  Lev B. Levitin proved the

text: Margolus–Levitin theorem

text: showing that the speed of any computer is limited by the fundamental laws of physics to be at most proportional to its energy use; this implies that ultra-low-energy computers must run more slowly than conventional computers.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ultra-low-energy computers must run more slowly than conventional computers

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Margolus neighborhood

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: oceans collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or billiard-ball computers?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: hydrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: energy

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1982.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ultra-low-energy computers must run more slowly than conventional computers.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1982. He is known for inventing the block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ultra-low-energy computers must run more slowly than conventional computers.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1982. He is known for inventing the block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 1982. He is known for inventing the block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: cellular automaton and the Margolus neighborhood for block cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Margolus

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: block cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Mosquito Island

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cellular automaton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cellular automaton and the Margolus neighborhood for block cellular automata,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: the energy dissipation

text: Small bodies, as primitive leftover building blocks of the Solar System formation process, offer clues to the chemical mixture from which the planets formed some 4.6 billion years ago. Current exobiological scenarios for the origin of life invoke an exogenous delivery of organic compounds to the early Earth. It has been proposed that carbonaceous chondrite matter (in the form of planetesimals or dust) could have brought these complex organic molecules capable of triggering the pre-biotic synthesis of biochemical compounds on the early Earth. Moreover, collisions of NEOs with Earth pose a finite hazard to life. For all these reasons, the exploration of such objects is particularly interesting and urgent.

text: Small bodies, as primitive leftover building blocks of the

text: Solar System

text: formation process, offer clues to the chemical mixture from which the planets formed some 4.6 billion years ago. Current

text: exobiological

text: scenarios for the origin of life invoke an exogenous delivery of

text: organic compound

text: s to the early Earth. It has been proposed that

text: carbonaceous chondrite

text: matter (in the form of planetesimals or dust) could have brought these complex organic molecules capable of triggering the pre-biotic synthesis of biochemical compounds on the early Earth. Moreover, collisions of NEOs with Earth pose a finite hazard to life. For all these reasons, the exploration of such objects is particularly interesting and urgent.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: chondrite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: collisions of NEOs with Earth pose a finite hazard to life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pre-biotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is the exploration of such objects particularly interesting and urgent?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: carbonaceous chondrite matter

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: pre-biotic

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbonaceous chondrite matter

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonaceous

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: pre-biotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biochemical compounds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biochemical compounds

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: carbonaceous chondrite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: pre-biotic synthesis

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: collisions of NEOs

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: pre-biotic synthesis of biochemical compounds

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pre-biotic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Small bodies, as primitive leftover building blocks of the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 4.6 billion years ago. Current exobiological scenarios for the origin of life

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4.6 billion years ago. Current exobiological scenarios for the origin of life

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: exogenous delivery of organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 4.6

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Current exobiological scenarios

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: carbonaceous chondrite matter

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: pre-biotic synthesis of biochemical compounds

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: carbonaceous chondrite matter

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: pre-biotic synthesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Small bodies,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pre-biotic synthesis

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbonaceous chondrite

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Small bodies,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biochemical compounds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biochemical compounds

text: The field of health advocacy also has deeper roots in the voluntary organization sector of society, where the early health advocates were more typically advocating for a cause, not for an individual.  These health advocates preceded hospital-based patient advocates and are part of a long history of American involvement in social organizations.  They were activists in social movements and voluntary associations including civic organizations, women's associations and labor organizations, and in the early disease-specific non-profits like the American Cancer Society (founded as the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913) or the March of Dimes (founded as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938).  In the early part of the 20th century these advocates came to their work through other professional routes, often as social workers, attorneys, public health nurses or doctors.  They were the Progressive era "new women" of Hull House and the Children's Bureau, the American Association for Labor Legislation leaders of the movement in 1919 for national health insurance, the nurses who worked with Lillian Wald to advocate for indigent health care through Visiting Nurse Services (1893), or with the Maternity Center Association (1918) to advocate for maternal and infant care for poor immigrants.  They obtained their professional education in other disciplines and then applied it to health.

text: The field of health advocacy also has deeper roots in the voluntary organization sector of society, where the early health advocates were more typically advocating for a cause, not for an individual.  These health advocates preceded hospital-based patient advocates and are part of a long history of American involvement in social organizations.  They were activists in social movements and voluntary associations including civic organizations, women's associations and labor organizations, and in the early disease-specific non-profits like the

text: American Cancer Society

text: (founded as the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913) or the

text: March of Dimes

text: (founded as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938).  In the early part of the 20th century these advocates came to their work through other professional routes, often as social workers, attorneys, public health nurses or doctors.  They were the Progressive era "new women" of

text: Hull House

text: and the Children's Bureau, the

entity_name: American Association for Labor Legislation

text: American Association for Labor Legislation

text: leaders of the movement in 1919 for national health insurance, the nurses who worked with

text: Lillian Wald

text: to advocate for indigent health care through Visiting Nurse Services (1893), or with the

text: Maternity Center Association

text: (1918) to advocate for maternal and infant care for poor immigrants.  They obtained their professional education in other disciplines and then applied it to health.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: is not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: American involvement in social organizations

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They obtained their professional education in other disciplines and then applied it to health

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: non-existent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the March of Dimes exist?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Infantile Paralysis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: American

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1913)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: They obtained their professional education in other disciplines and then applied it to health.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: American Cancer Society

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1913)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: health advocates

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: individual. These health advocates preceded hospital-based patient advocates

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: hospital-based patient advocates

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: They obtained their professional education in other disciplines and then applied it to health.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: advocating for a cause, not for an individual.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: American Cancer Society

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 1913)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: American Cancer Society

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: the early health advocates

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: These health advocates preceded hospital-based patient advocates

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: individual.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cancer in 1913)

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cancer

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Infantile Paralysis

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cancer

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cancer

text: White was one of nine men chosen as part of the second group of astronauts in 1962.  Within an already elite group, White was considered to be a high-flier by the management of NASA. He was chosen as Pilot of Gemini 4, with Command Pilot James McDivitt. White became the first American to make a walk in space, on June 3, 1965.  He found the experience so exhilarating that he was reluctant to terminate the EVA at the allotted time, and had to be ordered back into the spacecraft. While he was outside, a spare thermal glove floated away through the open hatch of the spacecraft, becoming an early piece of space debris in low Earth orbit, until it burned up upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. There was a mechanical problem with the hatch mechanism, which made it difficult to open and to relatch, which added to the time constraint of the spacewalk, and could have threatened the lives of both men if McDivitt had been unable to get the hatch latched, as they could not re-enter the atmosphere with an unsealed hatch.

text: White was one of nine men chosen as part of

text: the second group of astronauts

text: in 1962.  Within an already elite group, White was considered to be a high-flier by the management of NASA. He was chosen as Pilot of

text: Gemini 4

text: , with Command Pilot

text: James McDivitt

text: . White became the first American to make a

text: walk in space

text: , on June 3, 1965.  He found the experience so exhilarating that he was reluctant to terminate the EVA at the allotted time, and had to be ordered back into the spacecraft. While he was outside, a spare thermal glove floated away through the open hatch of the spacecraft, becoming an early piece of

text: space debris

text: in

text: low Earth orbit

text: , until it burned up upon

text: re-entry

text: into the Earth's atmosphere. There was a mechanical problem with the hatch mechanism, which made it difficult to open and to relatch, which added to the time constraint of the spacewalk, and could have threatened the lives of both men if McDivitt had been unable to get the hatch latched, as they could not re-enter the atmosphere with an unsealed hatch.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: White became the first American to make a walk in space

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: space debris in low Earth orbit

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many astronauts were chosen as part of the second group of astronauts in 1962?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many astronauts were in the second group of astronauts?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: burning up upon re-entry

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Gemini 4,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: space debris

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: space debris

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unsealed hatch.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There was a mechanical problem with the hatch mechanism,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early piece of space debris

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth orbit,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Pilot of Gemini 4,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: White became the first American to make a walk in space,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Gemini 4,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: a spare thermal glove floated away through the open hatch of the spacecraft,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Gemini 4,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early piece of space debris in low Earth orbit,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: early piece of space debris in low Earth orbit,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: early piece of space debris

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: early piece of space debris in low Earth orbit,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: a spare thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early piece of space debris

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: burned up

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: thermal glove

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: thermal glove

text: Geobiology is a field of scientific research that explores the interactions between the physical Earth and the biosphere. It is a relatively young field, and its borders are fluid. There is considerable overlap with the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, microbiology, paleontology, and particularly biogeochemistry. Geobiology applies the principles and methods of biology and geology to the study of the ancient history of the co-evolution of life and Earth as well as the role of life in the modern world. Geobiologic studies tend to be focused on microorganisms, and on the role that life plays in altering the chemical and physical environment of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and/or cryosphere. It differs from biogeochemistry in that the focus is on processes and organisms over space and time rather than on global chemical cycles.

text: Geobiology is a field of

text: scientific research

text: that explores the interactions between the physical

text: Earth

text: and the

text: biosphere

text: . It is a relatively young field, and its borders are fluid. There is considerable overlap with the fields of

text: ecology

text: evolutionary biology

text: microbiology

text: paleontology

text: , and particularly

text: biogeochemistry

text: . Geobiology applies the principles and methods of biology and geology to the study of the ancient history of the co-evolution of life and Earth as well as the role of life in the modern world. Geobiologic studies tend to be focused on

text: microorganism

text: s, and on the role that life plays in altering the chemical and physical environment of the

text: lithosphere

text: atmosphere

text: hydrosphere

text: and/or

text: cryosphere

text: . It differs from biogeochemistry in that the focus is on processes and organisms over space and time rather than on global chemical cycles.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It is a relatively young field, and its borders are fluid

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Geobiology applies the principles and methods of biology and geology

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: paleontology

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: What is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How does geobiology apply the principles and methods of biology and geology to the study of the ancient history of the co-evolution of life and Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: geobiology

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: biogeochemistry

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: global chemical cycles

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cryosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: co-evolution

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: It differs from biogeochemistry

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: co-evolution

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: life and Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: lithosphere,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: co-evolution

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Geobiology

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: co-evolution of life

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: cryosphere.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microorganisms,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biogeochemistry.

text: The same applies to other more complex biosignatures. Searching for biological remains of the precursors to life, whether ancient or currently existing, would be far easier on an uncontaminated planet. This would similarly apply to searches for DNA sequences on Mars. Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life, since in the early Solar System there was much exchange of material between the planets which could have transferred life as well. If so it might be based on DNA too.

text: The same applies to other more complex biosignatures. Searching for biological remains of the precursors to life, whether ancient or currently existing, would be far easier on an uncontaminated planet. This would similarly apply to searches for DNA sequences on Mars. Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life, since in the early Solar System there was much exchange of material between the planets which could have transferred life as well. If so it might be based on DNA too.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: could have a common origin with Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth life?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: life could have a common origin with Earth life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: would be far easier on an uncontaminated planet

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would be far easier

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere cools

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Solar System

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: precursors

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What could have transferred life as well

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or Mars?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: how many billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the first oxygen on Earth combined with iron

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: uncontaminated planet

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: uncontaminated planet

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: search for biological remains of the precursors to life

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exchange of material

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: early Solar System

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: exchange of material between the planets which could have transferred life as well.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Searching for biological remains

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: exchange of material

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth life, since in the early Solar System

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: in the early Solar System

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA too.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Life on other planets could have a common origin with Earth life,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Mars.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: exchange of material between the planets

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: uncontaminated planet.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: life,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: biological remains of the precursors to life,

text: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

text: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)  (2006)

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eocene

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The book was written by a woman

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are the earliest

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: minerals are deposited

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Prokaryotes are more common than eukaryotes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not a type of mineral?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The first continents on Earth were very large

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The answer: Pangaea.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not a mineral?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a mineral?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The first photosynthetic organisms were most like modern E.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The answer: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacara fauna evolved toward the end of the Precambrian Era.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The first organisms to make food by photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: minerals

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: context: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Minerals (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: (Early Bird Earth Science)

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Minerals

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Minerals

text: The presence of sponges before ~540 Ma has profound implications for the evolution of multicellular life and the coupling of the biosphere to Neoproterozoic climate. Climate change before the Cambrian explosion and the subsequent diversification of life are intricately intertwined with understanding the causes of Snowball Earth episodes, the deposition of Banded Iron Formations, and the second step in the rise of atmospheric oxygen. In particular, the presence of sponges raises questions of the minimum dissolved O content of the oceans in the late Neoproterozoic and the transition from a euxinic Canfield ocean to the modern oxygenated deep-ocean. However, sponges appear to require very little O to survive, so their presence in the Precambrian may not provide strong constraints on Proterozoic O levels.

text: The presence of

text: sponge

text: s before ~540 Ma has profound implications for the evolution of multicellular life and the coupling of the

text: biosphere

text: to

text: Neoproterozoic

text: climate. Climate change before the

text: Cambrian explosion

text: and the subsequent diversification of life are intricately intertwined with understanding the causes of

text: Snowball Earth

text: episodes, the deposition of

text: Banded Iron Formations

text: , and the second step in the

text: rise of atmospheric oxygen.

text: In particular, the presence of sponges raises questions of the minimum dissolved O content of the oceans in the late

text: Neoproterozoic

text: and the transition from a

text: euxinic

text: Canfield ocean

text: to the modern oxygenated deep-ocean. However, sponges appear to require very little O to survive, so their presence in the

text: Precambrian

text: may not provide strong constraints on

text: Proterozoic

text: O levels.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sponges appear to require very little O to survive

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's crust is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The presence of sponges before  540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the Cambrian explosion last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Cambrian explosion?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may be the reason for the Cambrian explosion?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: euxinic Canfield ocean

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the Cambrian explosion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmospheric oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: O

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multicellular life

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: sponges appear to require very little O to survive,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: multicellular life

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The presence of sponges before <unk>540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multicellular life

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The presence of sponges before <unk>540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The presence of sponges before <unk>540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: multicellular life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: rise of atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Neoproterozoic

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 540 Ma

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the deposition of Banded Iron Formations,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: sponges

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen.

text: The Silurian spans from 440 million years to 415 million years. The Silurian saw the transition of the Earth from the Snowball Earth. This period saw the mass evolution of fish, as jaw-less fish became more numerous, jawed fish evolved, and the first freshwater fish evolved, though arthropods, such as sea scorpions, remained the apex predators. Fully terrestrial life evolved, which included early arachnids, fungi, and centipedes. Also, the evolution of vascular plants (Cooksonia) allowed plants to gain a foothold on land. These early terrestrial plants are the forerunners of all plant life on land. During this time, there were four continents: Gondwana (Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, India), Laurentia (North America with parts of Europe), Baltica (the rest of Europe), and Siberia (Northern Asia). The recent rise in sea levels provided new habitats for many new species.

text: The Silurian spans from 440 million years to 415 million years. The Silurian saw the transition of the Earth from the

text: Snowball Earth

text: . This period saw the mass evolution of fish, as jaw-less fish became more numerous, jawed fish evolved, and the first freshwater fish evolved, though arthropods, such as

text: sea scorpions

text: , remained the apex predators. Fully terrestrial life evolved, which included early arachnids, fungi, and centipedes. Also, the evolution of

text: vascular plants

text: Cooksonia

text: ) allowed plants to gain a foothold on land. These early terrestrial plants are the forerunners of all plant life on land. During this time, there were four continents: Gondwana (Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, India), Laurentia (North America with parts of Europe), Baltica (the rest of Europe), and Siberia (Northern Asia). The recent rise in sea levels provided new habitats for many new species.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Laurentia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Silurian

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 440 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many continents did the Silurian have?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: During this time, there were four continents:

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth transitions from the Snowball Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 440 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: jawed fish

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, Prokaryoes or Eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first freshwater fish evolved?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many million years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Silurian?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How many continents did Gondwana have?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Silurian span?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: arthropods

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: the evolution of vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: jaw-less fish

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Siberia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 440 million years to 415 million years.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Fully terrestrial life

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: four continents:

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The recent rise in sea levels provided new habitats for many new species.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Fully terrestrial life

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 440 million years to 415 million years.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: arachnids,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: jaw-less fish

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Snowball Earth. This period saw the mass evolution of fish,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: four continents: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: four continents:

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Gondwana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Fully terrestrial life

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Silurian

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Fully terrestrial life

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: arthropods,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: evolution of vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Snowball Earth.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: jaw-less fish

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: vascular plants

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: (Cooksonia)

text: As organisms age and cells proliferate, telomeres shorten with each round of replication.  Cells restricted to a specific lineage are capable of division only a set number of times, set by the length of telomeres, before they senesce.  Depletion and uncapping of telomeres has been linked to organ degeneration, failure, and fibrosis due to progenitors' becoming quiescent and unable to differentiate. Using an in vivo TERT deficient mouse model, reactivation of the TERT gene in quiescent populations in multiple organs reactivated telomerase and restored the cells’ abilities to differentiate.  Reactivation of TERT down-regulates DNA damage signals associated with cellular mitotic checkpoints allowing for proliferation and elimination of a degenerative phenotype. In another study, introducing the TERT gene into healthy one-year-old mice using an engineered adeno-associated virus led to a 24% increase in lifespan, without any increase in cancer.

text: As organisms age and cells proliferate, telomeres shorten with each round of replication.  Cells restricted to a specific lineage are capable of division only a set number of times, set by the length of telomeres, before they

text: senesce

text: .  Depletion and uncapping of telomeres has been linked to organ degeneration,

text: failure

text: , and

text: fibrosis

text: due to progenitors' becoming

text: quiescent

text: and unable to

text: differentiate

text: . Using an

text: in vivo

text: TERT deficient

text: mouse model

text: , reactivation of the TERT gene in

text: quiescent

text: populations in multiple organs reactivated telomerase and restored the cells’ abilities to

text: differentiate

text: .  Reactivation of TERT

text: down-regulate

text: s DNA damage signals associated with

text: cellular mitotic checkpoints

text: allowing for proliferation and elimination of a degenerative

text: phenotype

text: . In another study, introducing the TERT gene into healthy one-year-old mice using an engineered

text: adeno-associated virus

text: led to a 24% increase in lifespan, without any increase in cancer.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: TERT down-regulates DNA damage signals associated with cellular mitotic checkpoints

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: progenitors, telomeres, or telomerase?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Which of the following is not a type of telomere: telomerase, telomerase, or telomerase?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plates collide

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Why are prokaryoes more common than eukaryoes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: What is the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not an example of mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not a type of telomere?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: What was the first supercontinent to form on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many rounds of replication does telomeres shorten?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a form of iron oxide: iron sulfide, iron oxide, or iron oxide?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a type of ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a photosynthetic organism?

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Which of the following is not a telomere: telomerase, telomerase, or telomerase?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: reactivation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: TERT deficient mouse model,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: one-year-old

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: one-year-old

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cells restricted to a specific lineage

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: As organisms age and cells proliferate,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: As organisms age and cells proliferate,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: As organisms age and cells proliferate, telomeres

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: As organisms age and cells proliferate, telomeres

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: As organisms age and cells proliferate,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: telomeres shorten with each round of replication.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: telomerase

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: telomeres

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: TERT deficient mouse

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: telomerase

text: Most of the sandstones in the Pafuri region however probably represent the great age of dinosaurs – the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.  During the early parts of the Jurassic, which lasted from approximately 210 million years ago until about 144 million years ago, the area was almost certainly extremely arid as is evidenced by the great sandstones of the region and the many dune and desert structures – such as desert roses – that are found preserved within the rocks of the region. In these sediments have been found the remains of early dinosaurs - possibly those of a species known as Massospondylus. It was also clearly a period of intense volcanism – with intrusive igneous rocks representing the ejected and intrusive molten  matter from the interior of the Earth scattered about the region. The Jurassic was the age of great plant eating sauropods and smaller, carnivorous dinosaurs.  This was the age of the origin of vertebrate flight with pterosaurs – flying dinosaurs  - and the first birds appearing. The oceans themselves were full of a wide variety of life including many different types of fish, squids and ammonites – fossils of which are plentiful in the slightly younger rocks of the coastal regions to the southeast of the area. This was also a time of global upheaval as the World-continent of Pangea began to break up.

text: Most of the

text: sandstone

text: s in the Pafuri region however probably represent the great age of dinosaurs – the

text: Jurassic

text: and

text: Cretaceous

text: Periods.  During the early parts of the Jurassic, which lasted from approximately 210 million years ago until about 144 million years ago, the area was almost certainly extremely arid as is evidenced by the great sandstones of the region and the many dune and desert structures – such as desert roses – that are found preserved within the rocks of the region. In these sediments have been found the remains of early dinosaurs - possibly those of a species known as

text: Massospondylus

text: . It was also clearly a period of intense

text: volcanism

text: – with intrusive

text: igneous

text: rocks representing the ejected and intrusive molten  matter from the interior of the Earth scattered about the region. The Jurassic was the age of great

text: plant

text: eating

text: sauropods

text: and smaller,

text: carnivorous

text: dinosaurs.  This was the age of the origin of

text: vertebrate

text: flight with

text: pterosaurs

text: – flying dinosaurs  - and the first

text: birds

text: appearing. The oceans themselves were full of a wide variety of life including many different types of

text: fish

text: squids

text: and

text: ammonite

text: s –

text: fossil

text: s of which are plentiful in the slightly younger rocks of the coastal regions to the southeast of the area. This was also a time of global upheaval as the World-continent of

text: Pangea

text: began to break up.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 144 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: pterosaurs

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Jurassic Periods

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Jurassic was the age of great plant eating sauropods and smaller, carnivorous dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Jurassic

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents break apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 144 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Jurassic Period?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did the Jurassic last?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: How large was the World-continent of Pangea?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the Jurassic Period last?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Ammonites

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ammonites

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten matter

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: intense volcanism

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: vertebrate flight

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the area was almost certainly extremely arid

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Massospondylus.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the World-continent of Pangea began to break up.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 144 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: plant eating sauropods

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pangea

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: intense volcanism

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: vertebrate flight

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: the World-continent of Pangea began to break up.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: World-continent of Pangea

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: the World-continent of Pangea began to break up.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: pterosaurs

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Massospondylus.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plant eating sauropods

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: dinosaurs

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Massospondylus.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: desert roses

text: The earliest evidence for life on Earth is biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metamorphized sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. A 2015 study found potentially biogenic carbon from 4.1 billion years ago in ancient rocks in Western Australia, but such findings would indicate the existence of different conditions on Earth during that period than are generally assumed today, and point to an earlier origin of life.

text: The earliest evidence for

text: life on Earth

text: is

text: biogenic

text: graphite

text: found in 3.7 billion-year-old

text: metamorphized sedimentary rocks

text: discovered in

text: Western Greenland

text: and

text: microbial mat

text: fossils

text: found in 3.48 billion-year-old

text: sandstone

text: discovered in

text: Western Australia

text: . A 2015 study found potentially biogenic carbon from 4.1 billion years ago in ancient rocks in Western Australia, but such findings would indicate the existence of different conditions on Earth during that period than are generally assumed today, and point to an earlier origin of life.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 3.7 billion-year-old metamorphized sedimentary rocks

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: biogenic graphite

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: A 2015 study found potentially biogenic carbon from 4.1 billion years ago in ancient rocks in Western Australia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: rocks are metamorphosed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbial

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: deoxyribonucleic

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: biogenic graphite

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biogenic carbon

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbial

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: graphite

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Western Greenland

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: biogenic carbon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: biogenic graphite

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: different conditions

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biogenic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: point to an earlier origin of life.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: biogenic graphite

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.1 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The earliest evidence for life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The earliest evidence for life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 4.1 billion years ago in ancient rocks in Western Australia,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 3.7

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.7

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Western Greenland

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Western Greenland

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: earlier origin of life.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Western Greenland

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: microbial mat fossils

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: biogenic carbon

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: microbial mat

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: graphite

text: eons, leading to what is known as the faint young Sun paradox. Hypothesized solutions to this paradox include a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases than currently exist. Over the following approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed. The Great Oxygenation Event – oxygenation of the atmosphere around 2.4 billion years ago – was the most notable alteration. Over the next five billion years, the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a red giant and then a white dwarf will have large effects on climate, with the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until that time.

text: eons, leading to what is known as the

text: faint young Sun paradox

text: . Hypothesized solutions to this paradox include a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases than currently exist. Over the following approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed. The

text: Great Oxygenation Event

text: – oxygenation of the atmosphere around 2.4 billion years ago – was the most notable alteration. Over the next five billion years, the Sun's ultimate death as it becomes a

text: red giant

text: and then a

text: white dwarf

text: will have large effects on climate, with the red giant phase possibly ending any life on Earth that survives until that time.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygenation of the atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Over the approximately 4 billion years, the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 2.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Sun's ultimate death

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: red giant

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Great Oxygenation Event?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did the Great Oxygenation Event occur?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the faint young Sun paradox?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 2.4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eons

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: white dwarf

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the energy output of the Sun increased and atmospheric composition changed.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4 billion years,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: eons, leading to what is known as the faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: eons, leading to what is known as the faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 2.4 billion years

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: a vastly different atmosphere, with much higher concentrations of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: faint young Sun paradox.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: red giant phase possibly ending any life

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: The Great Oxygenation Event

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eons,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: greenhouse gases

text: Before the start of the Cryogenian, around 750 Ma, the cratons that made up the supercontinent Rodinia started to rift apart. The superocean Mirovia began to close while the superocean Panthalassa began to form. The cratons (possibly) later assembled into another supercontinent called Pannotia, in the Ediacaran.

text: Before the start of the Cryogenian, around 750 Ma, the cratons that made up the supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: started to rift apart. The superocean

text: Mirovia

text: began to close while the superocean

text: Panthalassa

text: began to form. The cratons (possibly) later assembled into another supercontinent called

text: Pannotia

text: , in the

text: Ediacaran

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 Ma

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: supercontinents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The cratons (possibly) later assembled into another supercontinent called Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cratons rift apart

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 Ma

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: superocean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the name of the supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was the Cryogenian?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take for prokaryotes to become eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many supercontinents are mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: what is the first time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous fusion

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cryogenic

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cryogenian

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: started to rift apart.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: cratons

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Before the start of the Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Before the start of the Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Before the start of the Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 750 Ma,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Before the start of the Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Pannotia,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ediacaran.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cryogenian,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Cryogenian,

text: Although the Cassini–Huygens mission was not equipped to provide evidence for biosignatures or complex organic compounds, it showed an environment on Titan that is similar, in some ways, to ones theorized for the primordial Earth. Scientists surmise that the atmosphere of early Earth was similar in composition to the current atmosphere on Titan, with the important exception of a lack of water vapor on Titan.

text: Although the Cassini–Huygens mission was not equipped to provide evidence for

text: biosignature

text: s or complex

text: organic compound

text: s, it showed an environment on Titan that is similar, in some ways, to ones theorized for the primordial Earth. Scientists surmise that the atmosphere of early Earth was similar in composition to the current atmosphere on Titan, with the important exception of a lack of water vapor on Titan.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the atmosphere of early Earth was similar in composition to the current atmosphere on Titan

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth erupts

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: complex organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA or complex organic compounds?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: complex organic compounds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Titan

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: biosignatures or complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a lack of water vapor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: biosignatures

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a lack of water vapor on Titan.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: biosignatures or complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: biosignatures or complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: biosignatures or complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: similar in composition to the current atmosphere on Titan,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: biosignatures or complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Scientists surmise that the atmosphere of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Scientists surmise that the atmosphere of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Scientists surmise that the atmosphere of early Earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Cassini–Huygens

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: complex organic compounds,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: primordial Earth.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: biosignatures

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: organic compounds,

text: An early report on the circumference of the Earth was given by Aristotle at 400,000 stadia, which exceeds the actual mean value by a factor of ten. The first scientific estimation of the radius of the Earth was given by Eratosthenes about 240 BC. Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes’s measurement range from within 2% to within 15%. As with Aristotle's report, uncertainty in the accuracy of his measurement is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion definition he used.

text: An early report on the circumference of the Earth was given by

text: Aristotle

text: at 400,000

text: stadia

text: , which exceeds the actual mean value by a factor of ten. The first scientific estimation of the radius of the Earth was given by

text: Eratosthenes

text: about 240 BC. Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes’s measurement range from within 2% to within 15%. As with Aristotle's report, uncertainty in the accuracy of his measurement is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion definition he used.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The first scientific estimation of the radius of the Earth was given by Eratosthenes about

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The first scientific estimation of the radius of the Earth was given by Eratosthenes about 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: about 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Eratosthenes

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: stadia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many stadia does the circumference of the Earth exceed?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 240 BC

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Eratosthenes about 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 400,000 stadia,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: modern uncertainty over which stadion definition he used.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Eratosthenes about 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: circumference of the Earth was given by Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Eratosthenes about 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Eratosthenes about 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Eratosthenes about 240 BC.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth was given by Aristotle

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ten.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ten.

text: Ares, the Greek God of War, was initially depicted as a villain in the Marvel Universe, opposing Thor, Hercules and the The Avengers. Early on his influence on Earth was less direct as he created an organization known as the "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

text: Ares, the Greek God of War, was initially depicted as a villain in the Marvel Universe, opposing

text: Thor

text: Hercules

text: and the

text: The Avengers

text: . Early on his influence on Earth was less direct as he created an organization known as the "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: was less direct

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Warhawks

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Ares created an organization known as the "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ares

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is tilted

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how many years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ares

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ares

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ares,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: less direct

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Early on his influence on Earth was less direct

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Early on his influence on Earth was less direct

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ares,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Early on his influence on Earth was less direct

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ares,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ares,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ares,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ares, the Greek God of War,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: "Warhawks"

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: "Warhawks" and used them to create war on Earth.

text: Understanding what type of tectonic setting the Xiong'er Volcanic Belt formed in is crucial for the reconstruction of the Supercontinent Columbia and for making models of plate movement in the Earth's past. If the Xiong'er Volcanic belt represents a rift, then that will indicate that the southern edge of the North China craton faced another continent while it was a part of the Supercontinent Columbia, but if it is an Andean type continental margin then that will indicate that the southern edge of the North China craton would have faced the open ocean at this time.

text: Understanding what type of tectonic setting the Xiong'er Volcanic Belt formed in is crucial for the reconstruction of the Supercontinent Columbia and for making models of plate movement in the Earth's past. If the Xiong'er Volcanic belt represents a rift, then that will indicate that the southern edge of the North China craton faced another continent while it was a part of the Supercontinent Columbia, but if it is an Andean type continental margin then that will indicate that the southern edge of the North China craton would have faced the open ocean at this time.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Xiong'er volcano

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: would have faced the open ocean at this time

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the southern edge of the North China craton would have faced the open ocean at this time

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Xiong'er

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: would have faced the open ocean

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate movement occurs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: craton

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: making models of plate movement

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic eruptions

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Andean

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Columbia

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: plate movement

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Understanding

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: if it is an Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Supercontinent Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate movement

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Andean

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Xiong'er Volcanic Belt

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Supercontinent Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: rift,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: rift,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Supercontinent Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Supercontinent Columbia

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Supercontinent Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Supercontinent Columbia,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Volcanic Belt

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Andean

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Andean type continental margin

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Xiong'er Volcanic Belt

text: Continents formed, then broke up and reformed as the surface of Earth reshaped over hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart about 180 million years ago.

text: Continents formed, then broke up and reformed as the surface of Earth reshaped over hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a

text: supercontinent

text: . Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent

text: Rodinia

text: , began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form

text: Pannotia

text: which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally

text: Pangaea

text: , which broke apart about 180 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 750 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which happened first, Rodinia or Pannotia?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pangaea broke apart about 180 million years ago.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: about 180 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: surface of Earth reshaped

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Rodinia

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the name of the first supercontinent?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for prokaryotes to evolve to eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was Rodinia?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did Rodinia break apart?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pangaea,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 750 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Continents formed,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: occasionally combining to make a supercontinent.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the surface of Earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 750 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 540

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 540

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: hundreds of millions of years,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Continents formed, then broke up and reformed

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 540 million years ago,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 540

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Pannotia

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Continents formed, then broke up and reformed

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Continents

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Continents

text: The same principle applies to planets. Many scientists think the early Earth had a reducing atmosphere, along with Mars and Venus. This would have proven to be a good environment for Cyanobacteria to evolve the first photosynthetic metabolic pathways which gradually increased the oxygen portion of the atmosphere, changing it to what is known as an oxidizing atmosphere. With increased levels of oxygen, the evolution of the more efficient aerobic respiration might have been enabled, allowing animal life to evolve and thrive.

text: The same principle applies to planets. Many scientists think the early Earth had a reducing atmosphere, along with Mars and Venus. This would have proven to be a good environment for

text: Cyanobacteria

text: to evolve the first

text: photosynthetic metabolic pathways

text: which gradually increased the oxygen portion of the atmosphere, changing it to what is known as an oxidizing atmosphere. With increased levels of oxygen, the evolution of the more efficient aerobic respiration might have been enabled, allowing animal life to evolve and thrive.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: a reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Cyanobacteria evolved the first photosynthetic metabolic pathways

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth has a reducing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It took a few million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago did the reducing atmosphere first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: With increased levels of oxygen, the evolution of the more efficient aerobic respiration might

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animal

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: cytobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Mars and Venus.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: photosynthetic

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Many scientists think the early Earth had a reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: early Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Mars and Venus.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Mars and Venus.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: photosynthetic metabolic pathways

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: animal life

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Many scientists think the early Earth had a reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Mars and Venus.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Many scientists think the early Earth had a reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: reducing atmosphere,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxidizing atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: allowing animal life to evolve and thrive.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: animal life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: photosynthetic metabolic pathways

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Cyanobacteria

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: oxygen

text: In the early 1950s most refrigerators were white, but from the mid-1950s through present day designers and manufacturers put color onto refrigerators. In the late-1950s/early-1960s, pastel colors like turquoise and pink became popular, brushed chrome-plating (similar to stainless finish) was available on some models from different brands. In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, earth tone colors were  popular, including Harvest Gold, Avocado Green and almond. In the 1980s, black became fashionable. In the late 1990s stainless steel came into vogue, and in 2009, one manufacturer introduced multi-color designs.

text: In the early 1950s most refrigerators were white, but from the mid-1950s through present day designers and manufacturers put color onto refrigerators. In the late-1950s/early-1960s, pastel colors like turquoise and pink became popular, brushed chrome-plating (similar to stainless finish) was available on some models from different brands. In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s,

text: earth tone

text: colors were  popular, including

text: Harvest Gold

text: Avocado Green

text: and almond. In the 1980s, black became fashionable. In the late 1990s

text: stainless steel

text: came into vogue, and in 2009, one manufacturer introduced multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Which of the following is not a color: Harvest Gold, Avocado Green or stainless steel?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: In the late 1950s most refrigerators were white

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: refrigerators

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In the late 1950s most refrigerators were white

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: gaseous

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: In the late-1950s/early-1960s,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: black became fashionable. In the late 1990s stainless steel

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: In the early 1950s most refrigerators were white,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Harvest Gold, Avocado Green and almond.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: designers and manufacturers put color onto refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: earth tone colors

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1950s

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: white,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: brushed chrome-plating

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 2009, one manufacturer introduced multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: designers and manufacturers put color onto refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: In the late-1950s/early-1960s,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: black became fashionable. In the late 1990s stainless steel

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 2009, one manufacturer introduced multi-color designs.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: brushed chrome-plating

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: black became fashionable. In the late 1990s stainless steel

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: In the early 1950s

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: steel

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: brushed chrome-plating

text: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968. It is a covalent network consisting of ZrO octahedra and PO/SiO tetrahedra that share common corners. Sodium ions are located at two types of interstitial positions. They move among those sites through bottlenecks, whose size, and thus the NASICON electrical conductivity, depends on the NASICON composition, on the site occupancy, and on the oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere. The conductivity decreases for x < 2 or when all Si is substituted for P in the crystal lattice (and vice versa); it can be increased by adding a rare-earth compound to NASICON, such as yttria.

text: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968. It is a covalent network consisting of ZrO

text: octahedra

text: and PO/SiO

text: tetrahedra

text: that share common corners. Sodium ions are located at two types of interstitial positions. They move among those sites through bottlenecks, whose size, and thus the NASICON

text: electrical conductivity

text: , depends on the NASICON composition, on the site occupancy, and on the oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere. The conductivity decreases for x < 2 or when all Si is substituted for P in the crystal lattice (and vice versa); it can be increased by adding a rare-earth compound to NASICON, such as

text: yttria

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: yttria

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: yttria

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: x

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: oxygen content

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Sodium ions are located at two types of interstitial positions

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: x  2

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: x  2

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It can be increased by adding a rare-earth compound

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or NASICON?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years ago was the crystal structure of NASICON compounds characterized?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: yttria

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Sodium ions

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: x <unk> 2

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Sodium ions are located at two types of interstitial positions.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: bottlenecks,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The conductivity decreases for x <unk> 2

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: PO/SiO tetrahedra

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 1968.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: bottlenecks,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: NASICON

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Sodium ions

text: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth and Earth in relation to the Sun also has an effect on tidal ranges.  The Moon moves around Earth in an elliptic orbit that takes about 29 days to complete.  The gravitational force is greatest when the Moon is at perigee — closest to Earth — and least when it is at apogee — farthest from Earth — about two weeks after perigee.  The Moon has a larger effect on the tides than the Sun, but the Sun’s position also has an influence on the tides.  Earth moves around the Sun in an elliptic orbit that takes a little over 365 days to complete.  Its gravitational force is greatest when the Earth is at perihelion — closest to the Sun in early January — and least when the Earth is at aphelion — farthest from the Sun in early July.

text: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth and Earth in relation to the Sun also has an effect on tidal ranges.  The Moon moves around Earth in an elliptic orbit that takes about 29 days to complete.  The gravitational force is greatest when the Moon is at

text: perigee

text: — closest to Earth — and least when it is at

text: apogee

text: — farthest from Earth — about two weeks after perigee.  The Moon has a larger effect on the tides than the Sun, but the Sun’s position also has an influence on the tides.  Earth moves around the Sun in an

text: elliptic orbit

text: that takes a little over 365 days to complete.  Its

text: gravitational force

text: is greatest when the Earth is at perihelion — closest to the Sun in early January — and least when the Earth is at aphelion — farthest from the Sun in early July.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 365 days ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: perihelion — closest to the Sun in early January

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a larger effect on the tides than the Sun?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Moon has a larger effect on the tides than the Sun

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not known to have existed

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is closer to the Sun than the Moon.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 365 days ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the Moon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Its gravitational force is greatest when the Earth is at perihelion

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for the evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many months after perigee is apogee?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not true?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many days does it take for the Moon to move around Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Which of the following is not a type of oxygen?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not an example of ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: oxidation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: eukaryotic

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: The Moon has a larger effect on the tides than the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: elliptic orbit

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the Sun’s position also has an influence on the tides.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Sun also has an effect on tidal ranges.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 365

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 365

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The proximity of the Moon

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: perigee

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The proximity of the Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: perigee

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: perigee

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: perigee

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Moon in relation to Earth

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Sun also has an effect on tidal ranges.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Moon

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: tidal ranges.

text: Ozone  (systematically named 1λ,3λ-trioxidane and catena-trioxygen), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula . It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to normal dioxygen. Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere). In total, ozone makes up only  of the atmosphere.

text: Ozone  (systematically named 1λ,3λ-trioxidane and catena-trioxygen), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the

text: chemical formula

text: . It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an

text: allotrope

text: of

text: oxygen

text: that is much less stable than the

text: diatomic

text: allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to normal

text: dioxygen

text: . Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of

text: ultraviolet

text: light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in low concentrations throughout the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: (stratosphere). In total, ozone makes up only  of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere)

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Ozone is formed from dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: diatomic

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Ozone is formed from dioxygen

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: In total, ozone makes up only of the atmosphere.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: atmospheric electrical discharges,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Ozone

text: Following John Byrne's revamp of Superman, a new version of Superboy was introduced as a means of patching the Legion of Super-Heroes' continuity, which was undermined by the removal of Kal-El's Superboy career. This Superboy is said to have been created by the Time Trapper, one of the Legion's greatest enemies, when he notices that the great youthful hero they take inspiration from does not start his career until he is an adult. Wishing to preserve this history due to his own history's connection to the Legion's past, the Trapper takes a sliver of time from the ancient universe and uses it to craft a "pocket universe" in which Earth and Krypton are the only inhabited planets. Whenever the Legionnaires travel back in time, they travel to the 20th century of the Pocket Universe, not the main DC Universe. From birth until the Crisis on Infinite Earths, Superboy's life is similar to the life of the original Superboy. When the universe-destroying Crisis strikes, Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth, but the Time Trapper can do so, provided Kal-El helps him capture the Legion. Superboy reluctantly agrees. After a battle with the post-Crisis Superman- during which Superman is drastically overpowered by Superboy's pre-Crisis strength while managing to keep Superboy on his toes due to his superior experience-, Superboy realizes he can't turn on his friends and instead helps the Legionnaires defeat the Trapper. Using a device the Trapper employed to stave off Earth's destruction, Superboy saves his Earth, but only at the cost of his own life. His dying act is to return the Legion to their century (and Earth), where he is later buried. Later editorial mandates that removed Superboy from the history of the Legion led to a story where the Time Trapper is apparently erased from history, wiping the Pocket Universe and that universe's Superboy from existence.

text: Following John Byrne's revamp of Superman, a new version of Superboy was introduced as a means of patching the

text: Legion of Super-Heroes

text: ' continuity, which was undermined by the removal of Kal-El's Superboy career. This Superboy is said to have been created by the

text: Time Trapper

text: , one of the Legion's greatest enemies, when he notices that the great youthful hero they take inspiration from does not start his career until he is an adult. Wishing to preserve this history due to his own history's connection to the Legion's past, the Trapper takes a sliver of time from the ancient universe and uses it to craft a "pocket universe" in which Earth and Krypton are the only inhabited planets. Whenever the Legionnaires travel back in time, they travel to the 20th century of the Pocket Universe, not the main DC Universe. From birth until the

text: Crisis on Infinite Earths

text: , Superboy's life is similar to the life of the original Superboy. When the universe-destroying

text: Crisis

text: strikes, Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth, but the Time Trapper can do so, provided Kal-El helps him capture the Legion. Superboy reluctantly agrees. After a battle with the post-Crisis

text: Superman

text: - during which Superman is drastically overpowered by Superboy's pre-Crisis strength while managing to keep Superboy on his toes due to his superior experience-, Superboy realizes he can't turn on his friends and instead helps the Legionnaires defeat the Trapper. Using a device the Trapper employed to stave off Earth's destruction, Superboy saves his Earth, but only at the cost of his own life. His dying act is to return the Legion to their century (and Earth), where he is later buried. Later editorial mandates that removed Superboy from the history of the Legion led to a story where the Time Trapper is apparently erased from history, wiping the Pocket Universe and that universe's Superboy from existence.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Kryptonite

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Earth and Krypton

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Superboy saves his Earth, but only at the cost of his own life

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Earth and Krypton are the only inhabited planets

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth is destroyed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why does the Trapper take a sliver of time from the ancient universe?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are the two types of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many planets are inhabited in the pocket universe?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What happened to the first oxygen on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere become?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: What does the pocket universe contain?

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: inhabited planet

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Superboy

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 20th century

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Superboy

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Superboy

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: the Time Trapper can do so, provided Kal-El

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Superboy saves his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Superboy

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: ancient universe

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: the Time Trapper

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: century

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: a device

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth and Krypton

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Crisis strikes, Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Pocket Universe

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Time Trapper

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Superboy lacks the power to save his Earth,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Earth and Krypton

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Superboy

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Earth's destruction,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Pocket Universe,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Earth and Krypton

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Time Trapper,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: ancient universe

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: inhabited planets.

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Earth's destruction,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: a device the Trapper employed to stave off Earth's destruction,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Krypton

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Superboy

text: Damage theory attempts to address this model flaw by simulating voids created in areas of strain, representing the mechanical pulverization of coarse grains of rock into finer grains. In such models, damage is balanced by “healing”, or the temperature and pressure-driven dynamic recrystallization of smaller grains into larger ones. If the reduction of grain size (damage) is intensely localized in a stagnant lid, an incipient crack in the mantle can turn into a full-blown rift, initiating plate tectonics. Conversely, a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing, which is another potential explanation for why Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth does not.

text: Damage theory attempts to address this model flaw by simulating voids created in areas of strain, representing the mechanical pulverization of coarse grains of rock into finer grains. In such models, damage is balanced by “healing”, or the temperature and pressure-driven dynamic recrystallization of smaller grains into larger ones. If the reduction of grain size (damage) is intensely localized in a stagnant lid, an incipient crack in the mantle can turn into a full-blown rift, initiating plate tectonics. Conversely, a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing, which is another potential explanation for why Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth does not.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: voids created in areas of strain

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a stagnant lid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.5 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: coarse grains

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: pulverization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: coarse grains of rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Venus has a stagnant lid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: temperature and pressure-driven dynamic recrystallization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: a high surface temperature will have more efficient lithospheric healing,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonics.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: coarse grains of rock

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Damage

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Venus has a stagnant lid and Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: recrystallization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Venus

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Damage theory

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: lithospheric

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: finer grains.

text: The three major constituents of air, and therefore of Earth's atmosphere, are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by volume in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by volume in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor). The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as aerosols in an unfiltered air sample, including dust of mineral and organic composition, pollen and spores, sea spray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as chlorine (elemental or in compounds), fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution.

text: The three major constituents of air, and therefore of Earth's atmosphere, are

text: nitrogen

text: oxygen

text: , and

text: argon

text: . Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by volume in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by volume in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor). The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the

text: greenhouse gas

text: es, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other

text: chemical compound

text: s. Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as

text: aerosol

text: s in an unfiltered air sample, including

text: dust

text: of mineral and organic composition,

text: pollen

text: and

text: spores

text: sea spray

text: , and

text: volcanic ash

text: . Various industrial

text: pollutant

text: s also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as

text: chlorine

text: (elemental or in compounds),

text: fluorine

text: compounds and elemental

text: mercury

text: vapor. Sulfur compounds such as

text: hydrogen sulfide

text: and

text: sulfur dioxide

text: (SO) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial

text: air pollution

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: water vapor

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere is cooled

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pollen

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many major constituents of air, and therefore of Earth's atmosphere?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: trace gases

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth's atmosphere, are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's atmosphere, are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: pollen and spores,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: spores,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: pollen and spores,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's atmosphere, are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 0.25%

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pollen and spores,

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Earth's atmosphere, are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 5% by volume in hot, humid air masses,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Many substances of natural origin

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: trace gases,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: pollen and spores,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanic ash.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: ozone.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: spores,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: spores,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide

text: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate located west of the Mariana Trench and forms the basement of the Mariana Islands. It is separated from the Philippine Sea Plate by a long divergent boundary with numerous transform fault offsets. The boundary between the Mariana and the Pacific Plate to the east is a subduction zone with the Pacific Plate subducting beneath the Mariana. The Mariana Trench forms the southeastern boundary and the Izu-Ogasawara Trench the northeastern boundary.

text: The Mariana Plate is a small

text: tectonic plate

text: located west of the

text: Mariana Trench

text: and forms the basement of the

text: Mariana Islands

text: . It is separated from the

text: Philippine Sea Plate

text: by a long

text: divergent boundary

text: with numerous

text: transform fault

text: offsets. The boundary between the Mariana and the

text: Pacific Plate

text: to the east is a

text: subduction zone

text: with the Pacific Plate subducting beneath the Mariana. The Mariana Trench forms the southeastern boundary and the

text: Izu-Ogasawara Trench

text: the northeastern boundary.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Mariana Trench

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Pacific Plate subducting beneath the Mariana

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The Mariana Trench forms the southeastern boundary

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Pacific plates subduct beneath the Mariana

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: What is the Mariana Plate?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many billion years ago was the Mariana Plate formed?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What is the Mariana Plate?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the Mariana Trench?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of the Mariana Plate?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Pacific Plate

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: transform fault offsets.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transform fault offsets.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Pacific Plate subducting beneath the Mariana.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: subduction zone

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: The Mariana Plate

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: The Mariana Plate

text: For multicellular organisms that develop in a womb, the physical interference or presence of other similarly developing organisms such as twins can result in the two cellular masses being integrated into a larger whole, with the combined cells attempting to continue to develop in a manner that satisfies the intended growth patterns of both cell masses. The two cellular masses can compete with each other, and may either duplicate or merge various structures. This results in conditions such as conjoined twins, and the resulting merged organism may die at birth when it must leave the life-sustaining environment of the womb and must attempt to sustain its biological processes independently.

text: For multicellular organisms that develop in a

text: womb

text: , the physical interference or presence of other similarly developing organisms such as

text: twins

text: can result in the two cellular masses being integrated into a larger whole, with the combined cells attempting to continue to develop in a manner that satisfies the intended growth patterns of both cell masses. The two cellular masses can compete with each other, and may either duplicate or merge various structures. This results in conditions such as

text: conjoined twins

text: , and the resulting merged organism may die at birth when it must leave the life-sustaining environment of the womb and must attempt to sustain its biological processes independently.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: sedimentary rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: conjoined twins

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: conjoined twins

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: compete with each other

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The physical interference or presence of other similarly developing organisms such as twins can result in the two cellular masses being integrated into a larger whole

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: conjoined twins

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: conjoined twins

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: conjoined twins

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: helium

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell mass

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: conjoined twins,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: twins

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: twins

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: conjoined twins,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: compete with each other,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The two cellular masses can compete with each other,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: conjoined twins,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: For multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: For multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: conjoined twins,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multicellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: twins

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: For multicellular organisms that develop in a womb,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: multicellular organisms

text: Within evolutionary computation, the need for artificial development techniques was motivated by the perceived lack of scalability and evolvability of direct solution encodings (Tufte, 2008). Artificial development entails indirect solution encoding. Rather than describing a solution directly, an indirect encoding describes (either explicitly or implicitly) the process by which a solution is constructed. Often, but not always, these indirect encodings are based upon biological principles of development such as morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation (e.g. Doursat 2008), gene regulatory networks (e.g. Guo et al., 2009),  degeneracy (Whitacre et al., 2010), grammatical evolution (de Salabert et al., 2006), or analogous computational processes such as re-writing, iteration, and time. The influences of interaction with the environment, spatiality and physical constraints on differentiated multi-cellular development have been investigated more recently (e.g. Knabe et al. 2008).

text: Within evolutionary computation, the need for artificial development techniques was motivated by the perceived lack of scalability and evolvability of direct solution encodings (Tufte, 2008). Artificial development entails indirect solution encoding. Rather than describing a solution directly, an indirect encoding describes (either explicitly or implicitly) the process by which a solution is constructed. Often, but not always, these indirect encodings are based upon biological principles of development such as

text: morphogen gradients

text: cell division

text: and

text: cellular differentiation

text: (e.g. Doursat 2008),

text: gene regulatory networks

text: (e.g. Guo et al., 2009),

text: degeneracy

text: (Whitacre et al., 2010),

text: grammatical evolution

text: (de Salabert et al., 2006), or analogous computational processes such as re-writing, iteration, and time. The influences of interaction with the environment, spatiality and physical constraints on differentiated multi-cellular development have been investigated more recently (e.g. Knabe et al. 2008).

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: degeneracy

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Doursat 2008

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: direct solution encodings

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Artificial development entails indirect solution encoding

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Doursat 2008

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Doursat 2008

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: a solution is constructed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: grammatical evolution

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many prokaryoes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did it take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Doursat 2008

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: grammatical evolution

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Whitacre et al., 2010

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: degeneracy

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene regulatory networks

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: glycogen

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Within evolutionary computation,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: cell division

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Artificial development entails indirect solution encoding.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: gene regulatory networks

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Within evolutionary computation,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: gene regulatory networks

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: evolutionary computation,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-cellular

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: gene regulatory networks

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: morphogen gradients, cell division and cellular differentiation

text: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III, was one of the first Earth-colonized planets. Terra Nova was Earth's "great experiment," and was an early human colonization mission, which set its sights on the closest habitable planet from Earth. The world was 20 light-years from Earth, and the early warp drive colony ship heading there took 9 years to reach it. All adults from the original colony were killed after a radioactive asteroid struck the planet. The children survived by going underground and living in caves.

text: Terra Nova – also known as

text: Eta Cassiopeia

text: III, was one of the first Earth-colonized planets. Terra Nova was Earth's "great experiment," and was an early human colonization mission, which set its sights on the closest

text: habitable planet

text: from Earth. The world was 20

text: light-year

text: s from Earth, and the early

text: warp drive

text: colony ship heading there took 9 years to reach it. All adults from the original colony were killed after a radioactive asteroid struck the planet. The children survived by going underground and living in caves.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Eta Cassiopeia III

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth's

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Terra Nova was Earth's "great experiment"

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years did it take to reach Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The children survived by going underground and living in caves.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: did not exist

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth collides with other planets

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 20 light-years

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many more common are prokaryoes than eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How many years did it take to reach Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did it take to reach Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many light-years from Earth was Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many Earth-colonized planets were there?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: How many light-years from Earth was Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What happened to the ozone layer?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How many years did it take to reach Terra Nova?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: radioactive

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: underground

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: radioactive

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 20 light-years from Earth,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The children survived by going underground and living in caves.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: radioactive asteroid

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: radioactive asteroid

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The children survived by going underground and living in caves.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Terra Nova

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: radioactive asteroid

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 20 light-years from Earth,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Earth-colonized

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 9 years

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Terra Nova

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: radioactive asteroid

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Earth-colonized

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: warp drive

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: caves.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Terra Nova – also known as Eta Cassiopeia III,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: caves.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: radioactive asteroid

text: Movement of molten rock in the mantle, caused by thermal convection currents, coupled with gravitational effects of changes on the earth's surface (erosion, deposition, even asteroid impact and patterns of post-glacial rebound) drive plate tectonic motion and ultimately volcanism.

text: Movement of molten rock in the mantle, caused by thermal

text: convection

text: currents, coupled with

text: gravitational effects

text: of changes on the earth's surface (

text: erosion

text: deposition

text: , even

text: asteroid

text: impact and patterns of

text: post-glacial rebound

text: ) drive

text: plate tectonic motion

text: and ultimately volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: magma

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thermal convection currents

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: plate tectonic motion is driven by molten rock in the mantle

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: plate tectonic motion

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why may life have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: volcanism

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: asteroid impact and patterns of post-glacial rebound)

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: molten rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: asteroid impact and patterns of post-glacial rebound)

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: thermal convection currents,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: thermal convection currents,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: thermal convection currents,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: post-glacial rebound)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: asteroid impact and patterns of post-glacial rebound)

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: thermal convection currents,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: asteroid impact and patterns of post-glacial rebound)

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: thermal convection currents,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: volcanism.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: asteroid impact

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Movement of molten rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: rock in the mantle,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: molten rock

text: In a historical perspective, the planetary phase of civilization is viewed by its proponents as the third significant transition in civilization.  Though history is complex and difficult to divide into discrete eras, they argue that a broad panorama reveals two earlier macro-shifts in human society and culture: shifts from the Stone Age to Early Civilization and then from Early Civilization the Modern Era.  Each transition brought a leap in the complexity of society, as seen in changes in social organization, economy, and communications. The Stone Age was characterized by tribes and villages, hunting and gathering economies, and spoken language as the means of communication.  The shift into Early Civilization brought more structured city-states and kingdoms, settled agriculture, and writing.  Correspondingly, the planetary phase sees social organization, the economy, and communications move to the global level. Moreover, unlike prior transitions, the planetary phase is understood to mark a new geologic era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity becomes the primary driver of changes to the Earth system.

text: In a historical perspective, the planetary phase of civilization is viewed by its proponents as the third significant transition in civilization.  Though history is complex and difficult to divide into discrete eras, they argue that a broad panorama reveals two earlier macro-shifts in human society and culture: shifts from the

text: Stone Age

text: to Early Civilization and then from Early Civilization the

text: Modern Era

text: .  Each transition brought a leap in the complexity of society, as seen in changes in social organization, economy, and communications. The Stone Age was characterized by tribes and villages,

text: hunting and gathering

text: economies, and spoken language as the means of communication.  The shift into Early Civilization brought more structured city-states and kingdoms, settled agriculture, and writing.  Correspondingly, the planetary phase sees social organization, the economy, and communications move to the global level. Moreover, unlike prior transitions, the planetary phase is understood to mark a new geologic era, the

text: Anthropocene

text: , in which human activity becomes the primary driver of changes to the Earth system.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Stone

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tribes and villages

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: social organization, the economy, and communications move to the global level

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: changes to the Earth system

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: the Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA short for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: The Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: The Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Why is it difficult to divide into discrete eras?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: agriculture

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Anthropocene

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: tribes and villages,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: Early Civilization the Modern Era.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the planetary phase is understood to mark a new geologic era,

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: human activity becomes the primary driver of changes to the Earth system.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: the Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: two earlier macro-shifts

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: human

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Stone Age

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: Anthropocene,

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: human activity becomes the primary driver of changes to the Earth system.

text: During the ensuing 75 million years, plants evolved a range of more complex organs - from roots to seeds. There was a gap of 50 to 100 million years between each organ evolving, and it being fed upon. Hole feeding and skeletonization are recorded in the early Permian, with surface fluid feeding evolving by the end of that period.

text: During the ensuing 75 million years, plants evolved a range of more complex organs - from roots to seeds. There was a gap of 50 to 100 million years between each organ evolving, and it being fed upon. Hole feeding and skeletonization are recorded in the early Permian, with surface fluid feeding evolving by the end of that period.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: gneiss

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 100 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: in the early Permian

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hole feeding

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Hole feeding and skeletonization are recorded in the early Permian

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early Permian

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: in the early Permian

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: surface fluid feeding evolves

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: Permian

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: roots

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long did it take for plants to evolve?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: surface fluid feeding

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hole feeding

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: surface fluid feeding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: skeletonization

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: seeds

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: surface fluid

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Hole feeding and skeletonization

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 75 million years,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Hole feeding

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: skeletonization

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: There was a gap of 50 to 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 75 million years, plants evolved a range of more complex organs

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 75 million years,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: roots

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: plants evolved a range of more complex organs

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: seeds.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Permian,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 50 to 100 million years

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: plants evolved a range of more complex organs

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: During the ensuing 75 million years,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: During the ensuing 75 million years,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: early Permian,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Hole feeding and skeletonization

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 75 million years, plants evolved a range of more complex organs

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: surface fluid feeding

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Hole feeding

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: plants

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Hole feeding

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: surface fluid

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: skeletonization

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: seeds.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: seeds.

text: In 2000, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) advanced the Digital Earth to enhance decision-makers' access to information for then Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the United Nations Security Council.  UNEP promoted use of web-based geospatial technologies with the ability to access the world’s environmental information, in association with economic and social policy issues.  A reorganization of UNEP’s data and information resources was initiated in 2001, based on the GSDI/DE architecture for a network of distributed and interoperable databases creating a framework of linked servers.  The design concept was based upon using a growing network of internet mapping software and database content with advanced capabilities to link GIS tools and applications.  UNEP.net, launched in February 2001, provided UN staff with an unparalleled facility for accessing authoritative environmental data resources and a visible example to others in the UN community.  However, a universal user interface for UNEP.net, suitable for members of Security Council, that is non-scientists, did not exist.  UNEP began actively testing prototypes for a UNEP geo-browser beginning in mid-2001 with a showcase for the African community displayed at the 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.  Keyhole Technology, Inc. (later purchased in 2004 by Google and to become Google Earth) was contracted to develop and demonstrate the first full globe 3-D interactive Digital Earth using web-stream data from a distributed database located on servers around the planet.  A concerted effort within the UN community, via the Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG), followed immediately, including purchase of early Keyhole systems by 2002.  UNEP provided further public demonstrations for this early Digital Earth system at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in September, 2002 at Johannesburg, South Africa. In seeking an engineering approach to system-wide development of the Digital Earth model, recommendations were made at the 3rd UNGIWG Meeting, June 2002, Washington, D.C. for creating a document on the Functional User Requirements for geo-browsers.  This proposal was communicated to the ISDE Secretariat in Beijing and the organizing committee for the 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth and agreement was reached by the Chinese Academy of Sciences-sponsored Secretariat to host the first of the two Digital Earth geo-browser meetings.

text: In 2000, the

text: United Nations Environment Programme

text: (UNEP) advanced the Digital Earth to enhance decision-makers' access to information for then Secretary-General

text: Kofi Annan

text: and the

text: United Nations Security Council

text: .  UNEP promoted use of web-based geospatial technologies with the ability to access the world’s environmental information, in association with economic and

text: social policy

text: issues.  A reorganization of UNEP’s data and information resources was initiated in 2001, based on the GSDI/DE architecture for a network of distributed and interoperable databases creating a framework of linked servers.  The design concept was based upon using a growing network of internet mapping software and database content with advanced capabilities to link GIS tools and applications.  UNEP.net, launched in February 2001, provided UN staff with an unparalleled facility for accessing authoritative environmental data resources and a visible example to others in

text: the UN

text: community.  However, a universal

text: user interface

text: for UNEP.net, suitable for members of Security Council, that is non-scientists, did not exist.  UNEP began actively testing prototypes for a UNEP geo-browser beginning in mid-2001 with a showcase for the African community displayed at the 5th African GIS Conference in

text: Nairobi, Kenya

text: November 2001.  Keyhole Technology, Inc. (later purchased in 2004 by

text: Google

text: and to become

text: Google Earth

text: ) was contracted to develop and demonstrate the first full globe 3-D interactive Digital Earth using web-stream data from a

text: distributed database

text: located on servers around the planet.  A concerted effort within the UN community, via the Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG), followed immediately, including purchase of early Keyhole systems by 2002.  UNEP provided further public demonstrations for this early Digital Earth system at the

text: World Summit on Sustainable Development

text: in September, 2002 at

text: Johannesburg, South Africa

text: . In seeking an engineering approach to system-wide development of the Digital Earth model, recommendations were made at the 3rd UNGIWG Meeting, June 2002, Washington, D.C. for creating a document on the Functional User Requirements for geo-browsers.  This proposal was communicated to the ISDE Secretariat in Beijing and the organizing committee for the 3rd

entity_section: International Symposia on Digital Earth (ISDE)

text: International Symposium on Digital Earth

text: and agreement was reached by the

text: Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: -sponsored Secretariat to host the first of the two Digital Earth geo-browser meetings.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years did Keyhole Technology, Inc. (later purchased in 2004 by Google and to become Google Earth) exist?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: UNEP provided further public demonstrations for this early Digital Earth system at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in September, 2002 at Johannesburg, South Africa

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: What are the oldest forms of life on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are the earliest organisms to photosynthesize

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around itself

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 400 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: prokaryoes

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: untrue

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a nucleic acid: DNA, RNA, or GIS?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: untrue

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: It may have originated more than once.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: the Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: ozone

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: argon

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: What is the waste product of photosynthesis?

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: African

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Keyhole systems by 2002.

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: geo-browser beginning in mid-2001

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: geo-browsers.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: 3rd International Symposium on Digital Earth

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: ISDE Secretariat

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: ISDE

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: 5th African GIS Conference

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: geo-browser

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: 5th African GIS Conference in Nairobi, Kenya November 2001.

text: The complexity of the stromatolites found at Isua suggest that life on Earth was already sophisticated and robust by the time of their formation, and that the earliest life on Earth likely evolved over 4 billion years ago. This conclusion is supported in part by the instability of Earth's surface conditions 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment. The formation and preservation of fossils from this period indicate that life evolved early and prolifically in Earth's history.

text: The complexity of the stromatolites found at Isua suggest that life on Earth was already sophisticated and robust by the time of their formation, and that the earliest life on Earth likely evolved over 4 billion years ago. This conclusion is supported in part by the instability of Earth's surface conditions 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment. The formation and preservation of fossils from this period indicate that life evolved early and prolifically in Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: over 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: asteroid bombardment

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: the earliest life on Earth likely evolved over 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: over 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: over 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's surface conditions are unstable

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.7 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What is DNA?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: earliest life on Earth likely evolved over 4 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: cell wall

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Isua

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 3.7 billion years ago,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: life on Earth was already sophisticated and robust

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: formation,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: life evolved early and prolifically in Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: life evolved early and prolifically

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: life on Earth was already sophisticated and robust by the time of their formation,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: life evolved early and prolifically

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: life on Earth was already sophisticated and robust by the time of their formation,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 3.7 billion years ago, which included intense asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: life evolved early and prolifically in Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: over 4 billion years ago.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: life

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: asteroid bombardment.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: stromatolites

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: fossils

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: stromatolites

text: To address the concern that a better foundation should be provided for the analysis and composition of software not just in terms of its packaging but in terms of the various concerns these packages addressed,  an explicit organization of the material was developed in terms of a multi-dimensional “matrix” in which concerns are related to the software units that implement them. This organization is called Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns, and the paper describing it has been recognized as the most influential paper of the ICSE 1999 Conference

text: To address the concern that a better foundation should be provided for the analysis and composition of software not just in terms of its packaging but in terms of the various concerns these packages addressed,  an explicit organization of the material was developed in terms of a multi-dimensional “matrix” in which concerns are related to the software units that implement them. This organization is called Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns, and the paper describing it has been recognized as the most influential paper of the ICSE 1999 Conference

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: South America

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: the Big Bang

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The earliest life on Earth

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns has been recognized as the most influential paper

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are the oldest organisms on Earth

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not known

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the Sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 3.8 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: software

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How fast was mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: multi-cellular organisms

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: What is the first element on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What did some of the oxygen in Earths early atmosphere become?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: What is the age of the Precambrian Era?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Nitrogen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: software

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: multi-dimensional

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: concerns are related to the software units that implement them.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1999

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: multi-dimensional “matrix”

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns,

text: Antioxidants are used to terminate the oxidation reactions taking place due to different weathering conditions and reduce the degradation of organic materials. For example, synthetic polymers react with atmospheric oxygen. Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to free radical chain reaction. Oxidatively sensitive substrates will react with atmospheric oxygen directly and produce free radicals. Free radicals are of different forms, consider organic material RH. This material reacts with oxygen to give free radicals such as R•, RO•, ROO•, HO•[1]. These free radicals further react with atmospheric oxygen to produce more and more free radicals. For example, R• + O2 → ROO• ROO•  + RH → ROOH + R•  [1]This can be terminated by using antioxidants. Then this reaction comes to,2R• → R—RROO•  + R•  → ROOR2ROO• → Non-radical products[1]Weathering of polymers is caused by absorption of UV lights, which results in, radical initiated auto-oxidation. This produces cleavage of hydro peroxides and carbonyl compounds. This is because of the weak bond in hydro peroxides which is the main source for the free radicals to initiate from. Homolytic decomposition of hydro peroxide increases the rate of free radicals production[1]. Therefore it is important factor in determining oxidative stability. The conversion of peroxy and alkyl radicals to non-radical species terminates the chain reaction, thereby decreasing the kinetic chain length.

text: Antioxidant

text: s are used to terminate the oxidation reactions taking place due to different weathering conditions and reduce the degradation of organic materials. For example, synthetic polymers react with atmospheric

text: oxygen

text: . Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to

text: free radical

text: chain reaction. Oxidatively sensitive substrates will react with atmospheric oxygen directly and produce free radicals. Free radicals are of different forms, consider organic material RH. This material reacts with oxygen to give free radicals such as R•, RO•, ROO•, HO•[1]. These free radicals further react with atmospheric oxygen to produce more and more free radicals. For example, R• + O2 → ROO• ROO•  + RH → ROOH + R•  [1]This can be terminated by using antioxidants. Then this reaction comes to,2R• → R—RROO•  + R•  → ROOR2ROO• → Non-radical products[1]Weathering of polymers is caused by absorption of UV lights, which results in, radical initiated auto-oxidation. This produces cleavage of hydro peroxides and

text: carbonyl

text: compounds. This is because of the weak bond in hydro peroxides which is the main source for the free radicals to initiate from.

text: Homolytic

text: decomposition of hydro peroxide increases the rate of free radicals production[1]. Therefore it is important factor in determining oxidative stability. The conversion of peroxy and

text: alkyl

text: radicals to non-radical species terminates the chain reaction, thereby decreasing the kinetic chain length.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: organic material

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: HO•

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: Free radicals

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to free radical chain reaction

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are classified as what?

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organic material?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: organic materials undergo auto-oxidization

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: synthetic polymers

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Which is more common, prokaryoes or eukaryotes?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Which of the following is not an example of mantle convection?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How long ago did continental crust first appear on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organic material?

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Which of the following is not the main source for the free radicals to originate from?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: The first oxygen on Earth combined with iron to form iron oxide

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Which of the following is not a form of ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: weathering

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: UV

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RH

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbonyl compounds

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: HO•[1].

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: free radical chain reaction.

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to free radical chain reaction.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: absorption of UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: synthetic polymers react with atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: Antioxidants

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: radical initiated auto-oxidation.

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Organic materials undergo auto-oxidizations due to free radical chain reaction.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Antioxidants

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: synthetic polymers react with atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: Antioxidants

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Antioxidants

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Antioxidants

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: synthetic polymers react with atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: synthetic polymers

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: synthetic polymers react with atmospheric oxygen.

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: UV lights,

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: synthetic polymers

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RH.

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: hydro peroxides and carbonyl compounds.

text: The actual direct solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere fluctuates by about 6.9% during a year (from 1.412 kW/m² in early January to 1.321 kW/m² in early July) due to the Earth's varying distance from the Sun, and typically by much less than 0.1% from day to day. Thus, for the whole Earth (which has a cross section of 127,400,000 km²), the power is 1.730×10 W (or 173,000 terawatts), plus or minus 2 W/m. The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time (see Solar variation), but over a year the solar constant varies much less than the solar irradiance measured at the top of the atmosphere. This is because the solar constant is evaluated at a fixed distance of 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) while the solar irradiance will be affected by the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit. Its distance to the Sun varies annually between 147.1·10 km at aphelion and 152.1·10 km at perihelion.

text: The actual direct solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere fluctuates by about 6.9% during a year (from 1.412 kW/m² in early January to 1.321 kW/m² in early July) due to the Earth's varying distance from the Sun, and typically by much less than 0.1% from day to day. Thus, for the whole

text: Earth

text: (which has a

text: cross section

text: of 127,400,000 km²), the power is 1.730×10

text: W

text: (or 173,000

text: terawatt

text: s), plus or minus 2 W/m. The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time (see

text: Solar variation

text: ), but over a year the solar constant varies much less than the solar irradiance measured at the top of the atmosphere. This is because the solar constant is evaluated at a fixed distance of 1

text: Astronomical Unit

text: (AU) while the solar irradiance will be affected by the

text: eccentricity

text: of the Earth's orbit. Its distance to the Sun varies annually between 147.1·10 km at

text: aphelion

text: and 152.1·10 km at

text: perihelion

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: igneous rock

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 1 Astronomical Unit

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: 1.321 kW/m2

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: 1.412 kW/m2

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: aphelion

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: aphelion

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's distance to the Sun varies

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 1 Astronomical Unit (AU)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: aphelion

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: supercontinent

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Why does the solar constant not remain constant over long periods of time?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How long did it take for evolution to occur?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: What are two examples of nucleic acids in living things?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 127,400,000 km2

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: What may have originated on Earth more than once?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: ionization

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: RNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: ATP

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 127,400,000 km2),

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth's varying distance from the Sun,

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 6.9% during a year

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: 6.9%

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: 6.9%

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: 6.9% during a year

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: 6.9% during a year

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: 127,400,000 km2),

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: 127,400,000 km2),

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: The solar constant does not remain constant over long periods of time

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: 6.9%

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: 6.9% during a year

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: 6.9% during a year

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: atmosphere

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: The actual direct solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: solar irradiance

text: Dynion Mwyn teaches the philosophy of reincarnation and immortality of the soul. In this it is believed that the soul is born into the womb upon earth (Abred), transmigrates, dies, and is reborn into the other world where it will rest until its rebirth into the womb on earth. The ancients mourned at both the birth and death of a family member. At birth they mourned for the death of the soul in the other world which gave life to the new soul on earth. Philostratus of Tyana (170-249 CE) observed correctly that the Celts celebrated birth with mourning for the death in the Otherworld, and regarded death with joy for the birth in the Otherworld. It is believed that the soul is reincarnated into the womb upon earth until it has experienced all that there is to experience in life and then it will go to rest with the creator in the Circle of Gwynfyd. With each incarnation the soul growing more spiritually complete. To experience all that there is to experience in life: this means to have been the abusor and the abused, the murdered and the murderer, the healthy and the sick, to have lived in wealth and then in poverty, etc.

text: Dynion Mwyn teaches the philosophy of reincarnation and immortality of the soul. In this it is believed that the soul is born into the womb upon earth (Abred), transmigrates, dies, and is reborn into the other world where it will rest until its rebirth into the womb on earth. The ancients mourned at both the birth and death of a family member. At birth they mourned for the death of the soul in the other world which gave life to the new soul on earth. Philostratus of Tyana (170-249 CE) observed correctly that the Celts celebrated birth with mourning for the death in the Otherworld, and regarded death with joy for the birth in the Otherworld. It is believed that the soul is reincarnated into the womb upon earth until it has experienced all that there is to experience in life and then it will go to rest with the creator in the Circle of Gwynfyd. With each incarnation the soul growing more spiritually complete. To experience all that there is to experience in life: this means to have been the abusor and the abused, the murdered and the murderer, the healthy and the sick, to have lived in wealth and then in poverty, etc.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: iron

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Abred

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: a womb

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmigrates

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: ancients mourned at both the birth and death of a family member

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: are not mentioned

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: Earth revolves around the sun

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 170-249 CE

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: the other world

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: How many eukaryotes are there?

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Deoxyribonucleic acid

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: what is the last time period mentioned?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: how long did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: about 2 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times may life have originated on Earth?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: What is ozone?

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: How would you describe the Ediacara fauna?

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: rebirth

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: DNA

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: womb

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: transmigrates,

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: With each incarnation the soul growing more spiritually complete.

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: womb

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: CE)

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: soul.

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: Dynion Mwyn

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: Dynion Mwyn

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: earth

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: reincarnation and immortality of the soul.

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: Dynion Mwyn

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: reincarnation

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: Dynion Mwyn

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: Philostratus of Tyana

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: creator

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: death

answers: NDQ_000468

answers: Circle of Gwynfyd.

answers: NDQ_000469

answers: soul.

answers: NDQ_000470

answers: womb

answers: NDQ_000471

answers: Dynion Mwyn

text: Audsley's interest in the pipe organ was largely sparked by early experiences hearing W. T. Best at St. George's Hall, Liverpool. Audsley wrote numerous magazine articles on the organ, and as early as the 1880s was envisioning huge instruments with numerous divisions each under separate expression, in imitation of the symphony orchestra.  The Los Angeles Art Organ Co. (successors to the Murray M. Harris Organ Company) had Audsley design the world's largest organ they were building for the St. Louis Exposition of 1904, and included him on the paid staff. This instrument was produced just as his book on The Art of Organ-Building was being published  This great pipe organ eventually was purchased for the John Wanamaker Store in Philadelphia, PA, where it is today known as the Wanamaker Organ.  In 1905, Audsley published the monumental two-volume  The Art of Organ Building as an attempt to position himself as the pre-eminent organ designer in the US. The lavish work includes numerous superb drawings done by Audsley and is still consulted today although organ fashions have evolved in many directions in the ever-fluid, passion-driven world of music. He was an early advocate of console standardization and radiating concave pedal keyboards to accommodate the natural movement of human legs. Unfortunately, his plan to develop the profession of "organ architect" as a consultant to work in consultation with major builders in achieving a high-art product was short-lived. Few commissions for pipe organs or buildings came his way, and few organs were built to high-art standards.  In subsequent years, he wrote several works, one of which was published posthumously, that were essentially shortened forms of his 1905 organ building book, updated to comment on controversies of the day and the rapid advances in applying electro-pneumatic actions and playing aids to the craft. The National Association of Organists (now defunct) bestowed an Audsley medal in his honor.

text: Audsley's interest in the pipe organ was largely sparked by early experiences hearing

text: W. T. Best

text: at

text: St. George's Hall, Liverpool

text: . Audsley wrote numerous magazine articles on the organ, and as early as the 1880s was envisioning huge instruments with numerous divisions each under separate expression, in imitation of the symphony orchestra.  The Los Angeles Art Organ Co. (successors to the Murray M. Harris Organ Company) had Audsley design the world's largest organ they were building for the St. Louis Exposition of 1904, and included him on the paid staff. This instrument was produced just as his book on The Art of Organ-Building was being published  This great pipe organ eventually was purchased for the

text: John Wanamaker

text: Store in Philadelphia, PA, where it is today known as the

text: Wanamaker Organ

text: .  In 1905, Audsley published the monumental two-volume  The Art of Organ Building as an attempt to position himself as the pre-eminent organ designer in the US. The lavish work includes numerous superb drawings done by Audsley and is still consulted today although organ fashions have evolved in many directions in the ever-fluid, passion-driven world of music. He was an early advocate of console standardization and radiating concave pedal keyboards to accommodate the natural movement of human legs. Unfortunately, his plan to develop the profession of "organ architect" as a consultant to work in consultation with major builders in achieving a high-art product was short-lived. Few commissions for pipe organs or buildings came his way, and few organs were built to high-art standards.  In subsequent years, he wrote several works, one of which was published posthumously, that were essentially shortened forms of his 1905 organ building book, updated to comment on controversies of the day and the rapid advances in applying electro-pneumatic actions and playing aids to the craft. The National Association of Organists (now defunct) bestowed an Audsley medal in his honor.

answers: NDQ_000426

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000427

answers: What was the first crust made of?

answers: NDQ_000428

answers: 4.6 billion years ago

answers: NDQ_000429

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000430

answers: How many years after Audsley's interest in the pipe organ was largely sparked by early experiences hearing W. T. Best?

answers: NDQ_000431

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000432

answers: He was an early advocate of console standardization and radiating concave pedal keyboards to accommodate the natural movement of human legs

answers: NDQ_000433

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000434

answers: What did Audsley design for the St. Louis Exposition of 1904?

answers: NDQ_000435

answers: continents are formed

answers: NDQ_000437

answers: 450 million years ago

answers: NDQ_000438

answers: pipe organ

answers: NDQ_000446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000448

answers: What does DNA stand for?

answers: NDQ_000451

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000453

answers: How long ago was Audsley envisioning huge instruments with numerous divisions each under separate expression?

answers: NDQ_000454

answers: How many years did the evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to multi-cellular organisms take?

answers: NDQ_000455

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA?

answers: NDQ_000456

answers: How many years ago did Audsley publish the monumental two-volume The Art of Organ Building?

answers: NDQ_000457

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000458

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000459

answers: How many times did the National Association of Organists bestow an Audsley medal in his honor?

answers: NDQ_000460

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000461

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000462

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000463

answers: no

answers: NDQ_000464

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000465

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_000466

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_000467

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_000468