text: It is because of that evidence that Urban Bank argued that it was baseless for the BSP and the PDIC to label the subject loans as "garbage" and "trash" when it gave favorable ratings towards those loans two months before the closure of the bank.  They said that for the past six years, ever since Urban Bank was granted its quasi-bank license in 1994, the Bangko Sentral has always examined the loan purchases Urban Bank has made, allowing it to transfer loans from UII under the BSP's own rules and regulations.

text: It is because of that evidence that Urban Bank argued that it was baseless for the BSP and the PDIC to label the subject loans as "garbage" and "trash" when it gave favorable ratings towards those loans two months before the closure of the bank.  They said that for the past six years, ever since Urban Bank was granted its quasi-bank license in 1994, the Bangko Sentral has always examined the loan purchases Urban Bank has made, allowing it to transfer loans from UII under the BSP's own rules and regulations.

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What is the purpose of the paragraph?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "garbage" and "trash"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "garbage" and "trash"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "garbage" and "trash"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "garbage" and "trash"

text: Toxicity testing typically involves studying adverse health outcomes in animals subjected to high doses of toxicants with subsequent extrapolation to expected human responses at lower doses. The system relies on the use of a 40+year-old patchwork of animal tests that are expensive (costing more than $3B per year), time-consuming, low-throughput and often provide results of limited predictive value for human health effects. The low-throughput of current toxicity testing approaches (which are largely the same for industrial chemicals, pesticides and drugs) has led to a backlog of more than 80,000 chemicals to which humans are potentially exposed whose potential toxicity remains largely unknown. In 2007, the National Research Council (NRC) released the report "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy", that charted a long-range strategic plan for transforming toxicity testing. The major components of the plan include the use of predictive, high-throughput cell-based assays (of human origin) to evaluate perturbations in key toxicity pathways, and to conduct targeted testing against those pathways. This approach will greatly accelerate our ability to test the vast "storehouses" of chemical compounds using a rational, risk-based approach to chemical prioritization, and provide test results that are hopefully far more predictive of human toxicity than current methods. Although a number of toxicity pathways have already been identified, most are only partially known and no common annotation exists. Mapping the entirety of these pathways (i.e. the Human Toxome ) will be a large-scale effort, perhaps on the order of the Human Genome Project.

entity_name: Human Genome Project

text: Human Genome Project

method: Bert-ConvKNRM

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3 billion

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pesticides

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals, pesticides and drugs)

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 80,000 chemicals to which humans are potentially exposed

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pesticides and drugs)

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Mapping

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Human Genome Project.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Human Genome Project.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicity remains largely unknown.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: perturbations in key toxicity pathways,

text: The U.S. law that governs the majority of industrial chemicals (excluding pesticides, foods, and pharmaceuticals) is the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976. Examining the role of regulatory programs in shaping the development of green chemistry in the United States, analysts have revealed structural flaws and long-standing weaknesses in TSCA; for example, a 2006 report to the California Legislature concludes that TSCA has produced a domestic chemicals market that discounts the hazardous properties of chemicals relative to their function, price, and performance. Scholars have argued that such market conditions represent a key barrier to the scientific, technical, and commercial success of green chemistry in the U.S., and fundamental policy changes are needed to correct these weaknesses.

text: The U.S. law that governs the majority of industrial chemicals (excluding pesticides, foods, and pharmaceuticals) is the

entity_name: Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976

text: Toxic Substances Control Act

text: (TSCA) of 1976. Examining the role of regulatory programs in shaping the development of green chemistry in the United States, analysts have revealed structural flaws and long-standing weaknesses in TSCA; for example, a 2006 report to the California Legislature concludes that TSCA has produced a domestic chemicals market that discounts the hazardous properties of chemicals relative to their function, price, and performance. Scholars have argued that such market conditions represent a key barrier to the scientific, technical, and commercial success of green chemistry in the U.S., and fundamental policy changes are needed to correct these weaknesses.

method: dangnt-nlp

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic Substances Control Act

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: TSCA

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: pesticides, foods, and pharmaceuticals)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pesticides, foods, and pharmaceuticals)

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pesticides,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: pesticides,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxic Substances Control Act

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The U.S. law that governs the majority of industrial chemicals

text: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration. Also, these organisms have a cushion to allow protection for internal organs from shock. However, it does not protect internal organs from external damage very effectively.

text: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration. Also, these organisms have a cushion to allow protection for internal organs from shock. However, it does not protect internal organs from external damage very effectively.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-living

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: These organisms

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: it does not protect internal organs from external damage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: it does not protect internal organs from external damage very effectively.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it does not protect internal organs from external damage very effectively.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: These organisms have some relatively simple pathways for circulation and respiration.

text: Early Summer in 2010, the West Harlem Art Fund, Inc. in partnership with the MFA program at the City College of New York, the City University of New York presented the exhibition In Dialogue featuring the artists Marcie Revens and Scherezade Garcia in historic St. Nicholas Park. The organization also presented an important work Ghost Net by the organization Trash Patch at the Tapestry Building located in East Harlem for the summer as well. Ghost Net was a timely installation because it held in between the time an Atlantic trash patch was discovered and the BP Gulf oil spill off the coast of Louisiana. The Ghost Net installation allowed the public to discover what a real trash patch would look like underwater.

text: Early Summer in 2010, the West Harlem Art Fund, Inc. in partnership with the MFA program at the City College of New York, the City University of New York presented the exhibition In Dialogue featuring the artists Marcie Revens and Scherezade Garcia in historic

entity_name: St. Nicholas Park

text: St. Nicholas Park

text: . The organization also presented an important work Ghost Net by the organization Trash Patch at the Tapestry Building located in East Harlem for the summer as well. Ghost Net was a timely installation because it held in between the time an Atlantic trash patch was discovered and the BP Gulf oil spill off the coast of Louisiana. The Ghost Net installation allowed the public to discover what a real trash patch would look like underwater.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: oil spills

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: BP Gulf oil spill off the coast of Louisiana

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: BP Gulf oil spill

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: BP Gulf oil spill off the coast of Louisiana.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: BP Gulf oil spill

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Ghost Net

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: underwater.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: BP Gulf oil spill off the coast of Louisiana.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: BP Gulf oil spill

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: underwater.

text: Bacteria have been found in the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso sea that consume plastic; however, it is unknown whether these bacteria ultimately clean up poisons or simply spread them elsewhere in the marine microbial ecosystem. Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution, potentially poisoning anything that eats it.

text: Bacteria have been found in the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso sea that consume plastic; however, it is unknown whether these bacteria ultimately clean up poisons or simply spread them elsewhere in the marine microbial ecosystem. Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution, potentially poisoning anything that eats it.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic-polluted

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic;

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso sea

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Sargasso sea

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Plastic debris

text: Satellite data images show that some areas in the gyre are greener than the surrounding clear blue water, which is frequently interpreted as areas with higher concentrations of living phytoplankton. However, the assumption that greener ocean water always contains more phytoplankton is not always true. Even though the South Pacific Gyre contains these patches of green water, it has very little organism growth. Instead, some studies hypothesize that these green patches are a result of the accumulated waste of marine life. The optical properties of the South Pacific Gyre remain largely unexplored.

entity_name: Satellite

text: Satellite

text: data images show that some areas in the gyre are greener than the surrounding clear blue water, which is frequently interpreted as areas with higher concentrations of living

entity_name: Phytoplankton

text: phytoplankton

text: . However, the assumption that greener ocean water always contains more phytoplankton is not always true. Even though the South Pacific Gyre contains these patches of green water, it has very little organism growth. Instead, some studies hypothesize that these green patches are a result of the accumulated waste of marine life. The optical properties of the South Pacific Gyre remain largely unexplored.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine life

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: green patches are a result of the accumulated waste of marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine life.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine life.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: accumulated waste of marine life.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phytoplankton.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: accumulated waste of marine life.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: accumulated waste of marine life.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: South Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: accumulated waste of marine life.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: accumulated waste of marine life.

text: Artists such as Marina DeBris use trash from the garbage patch to create trashion, or clothes made out of trash. The main purpose is to educate people about the garbage patch.

text: Artists such as

entity_name: Marina DeBris

text: Marina DeBris

text: use trash from the garbage patch to create

entity_name: Trashion

text: trashion

text: , or clothes made out of trash. The main purpose is to educate people about the garbage patch.

method: UNH-tfidf-stem

method: UNH-tfidf-ptsim

method: UNH-tfidf-lem

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trashion

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trash from the garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash from the garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash from the garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash from the garbage patch

text: For much of history, the ocean was used generally as a dumping ground for many types of waste such as garbage, acid rain and toxins, including chemical weapons. In 1968, the US National Academy of Sciences estimated the annual release to the marine environment, from both dumping and disposal (through a pipe), of 100 million tons of petroleum products, two to four million tons of acid chemical wastes from pulp mills, more than one million tons of heavy metals in industrial wastes, and more than 100,000 tons of organic chemical wastes. US EPA records indicate that between 1946 and 1970, more than 89,000 containers of radioactive wastes were dumped at Atlantic and Pacific ocean dump sites. One area off the coast of New Jersey was used until 1987 as a disposal area for millions of tons per year  of sewage sludge.  This area is now known as the "12-Mile Dumping Ground," and has a large amount of toxic metals. Divers are still advised to avoid the area due to the high level of refuse materials and toxins. Because ocean contaminants know no boundaries, there have been international and regional parameters established since the 1970s. These regulations consist of regional treaties and conventions related to local marine pollution problems and international conventions that provide a standardized control of worldwide marine pollution. In the early 1970s the United States endorsed the MSRPA to regulate any waste disposal in marine waters that are within U.S. jurisdiction.

text: For much of history, the ocean was used generally as a dumping ground for many types of waste such as garbage, acid rain and toxins, including chemical weapons. In 1968, the US National Academy of Sciences estimated the annual release to the marine environment, from both dumping and disposal (through a pipe), of 100 million tons of petroleum products, two to four million tons of acid chemical wastes from pulp mills, more than one million tons of heavy metals in industrial wastes, and more than 100,000 tons of organic chemical wastes. US EPA records indicate that between 1946 and 1970, more than 89,000 containers of radioactive wastes were dumped at Atlantic and Pacific ocean dump sites. One area off the coast of

entity_name: New Jersey

text: New Jersey

text: was used until 1987 as a disposal area for millions of tons per year  of sewage

entity_name: Sludge

text: sludge

text: .  This area is now known as the "12-Mile Dumping Ground," and has a large amount of

entity_name: Metal toxicity

text: toxic metal

text: s. Divers are still advised to avoid the area due to the high level of refuse materials and toxins. Because ocean contaminants know no boundaries, there have been international and regional parameters established since the 1970s. These regulations consist of regional treaties and conventions related to local marine pollution problems and international conventions that provide a standardized control of worldwide marine pollution. In the early 1970s the United States endorsed the MSRPA to regulate any waste disposal in marine waters that are within U.S. jurisdiction.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: petroleum products

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: MSRPA to regulate any waste disposal in marine waters

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: heavy metals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Because ocean contaminants know no boundaries

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: two to four million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: petroleum products,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemical weapons.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: two to four million tons of acid chemical wastes from pulp mills,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1968,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 100 million tons of petroleum products,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean contaminants know no boundaries,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: the ocean was used generally as a dumping ground

text: The band recorded the theme song of the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough. The band's third album, Beautiful Garbage (2001), failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003, but regrouped to complete their fourth album Bleed Like Me in 2005, peaking at a career-high number four on the Billboard 200. The band cut short their concert tour in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus". Garbage reconvened in 2007 and released a greatest hits compilation Absolute Garbage. The band's fifth studio album, Not Your Kind of People, was released on 14 May 2012 through the band's own label, Stunvolume.

text: The band recorded

entity_name: The World Is Not Enough (song)

text: the theme song

text: of the 1999

entity_name: James Bond

text: James Bond

text: film

entity_name: The World Is Not Enough

text: The World Is Not Enough

text: . The band's third album,

entity_name: Beautiful Garbage

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: (2001), failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003, but regrouped to complete their fourth album

entity_name: Bleed Like Me

text: Bleed Like Me

text: in 2005, peaking at a career-high number four on the

entity_name: Billboard 200

text: Billboard 200

text: . The band cut short their

entity_name: Concert

entity_section: Concert tour

text: concert tour

text: in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus". Garbage reconvened in 2007 and released a

entity_name: Greatest hits album

text: greatest hits

text: compilation

entity_name: Absolute Garbage

text: Absolute Garbage

text: . The band's fifth studio album,

entity_name: Not Your Kind of People

text: Not Your Kind of People

text: , was released on 14 May 2012 through the band's own label, Stunvolume.

method: UNH-ecn

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage quietly disbanded

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: four on the Billboard 200.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Beautiful Garbage

text: Cryptocentroides is a genus of gobies native to the western Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

text: Cryptocentroides is a

entity_name: Genus

text: genus

text: of

entity_name: Goby

text: gobies

text: native to the western

entity_name: Indian Ocean

text: Indian Ocean

text: and the western

entity_name: Pacific Ocean

text: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cryptocentroides is a genus of gobies

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Cryptocentroides

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Cryptocentroides is a genus of gobies

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cryptocentroides

text: The original robotic Dusty Bin, and his Yorkshire Terrier, Dog Garbage, was put together by Ian Rowley, in his converted chapel workshop in Rodley, Leeds. He used over 73 microprocessors, which was cutting edge 1980s remote control robotic technology in that day, at a cost around £10,000 to manufacture – which was a small fortune in those days – to control Dusty and Garbage, and in 151 shows, some of Dusty's & Garbage's antics included dressing up as a caveman and dinosaur, bullfighting as a matador and bull, dressing up as a baby, driving into the studio in a Ford Model T, juggling balls like a clown, playing the piano like Elton John, flying round the studio with a James Bond jetpack, escaping from chains like Harry Houdini, riding a bike, spraying Ted Rogers with paint and even driving a tank into the studio, to bomb the audience with confetti.

text: The original robotic Dusty Bin, and his

entity_name: Yorkshire Terrier

text: Yorkshire Terrier

entity_name: Dog

text: Dog

text: Garbage, was put together by Ian Rowley, in his converted chapel workshop in Rodley, Leeds. He used over 73

entity_name: Microprocessor

text: microprocessors

text: , which was cutting edge 1980s remote control robotic technology in that day, at a cost around £10,000 to manufacture – which was a small fortune in those days – to control Dusty and Garbage, and in 151 shows, some of Dusty's & Garbage's antics included dressing up as a caveman and dinosaur, bullfighting as a matador and bull, dressing up as a baby, driving into the studio in a

entity_name: Ford Model T

text: Ford Model T

entity_name: Juggling

text: juggling

text: balls like a clown, playing the

entity_name: Piano

text: piano

text: like

entity_name: Elton John

text: Elton John

text: , flying round the studio with a

text: James Bond

text: jetpack, escaping from chains like

entity_name: Harry Houdini

text: Harry Houdini

text: , riding a bike, spraying Ted Rogers with paint and even driving a tank into the studio, to bomb the audience with

entity_name: Confetti

text: confetti

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: £10,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: dusty bin

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the name of the dog?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Yorkshire Terrier,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Dog Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Dusty Bin, and his Yorkshire Terrier, Dog Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: paint

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Dusty Bin,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 151

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Ford Model T,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 73 microprocessors,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti.

text: In the 2008 TV series The Mr. Men Show, he is more "lazy" rather than "sleepy" as he was in the books and hates work. His color is changed from pink to green, his shape changes into a more angular, slouched over shape and his hat changes into a red (also appears pink) newsboy-style cap that covers his eyes. He also wears socks and flip flops. He lives in a camper-style trailer, with the garbage cans and mailbox overfilled with trash and mail, respectively. He has a monotone voice that sounds like Eeyore's from Winnie The Pooh. In the US and UK Versions, he is voiced by Phil Lollar and Tim Whitnall respectively.

text: In the 2008 TV series

entity_name: The Mr. Men Show

text: The Mr. Men Show

text: , he is more "lazy" rather than "sleepy" as he was in the books and hates work. His color is changed from pink to green, his shape changes into a more angular, slouched over shape and his hat changes into a red (also appears pink)

entity_name: Newsboy cap

text: newsboy-style cap

text: that covers his eyes. He also wears socks and flip flops. He lives in a camper-style trailer, with the garbage cans and mailbox overfilled with trash and mail, respectively. He has a monotone voice that sounds like Eeyore's from Winnie The Pooh. In the US and UK Versions, he is voiced by

entity_name: Phil Lollar

text: Phil Lollar

text: and

entity_name: Tim Whitnall

text: Tim Whitnall

text: respectively.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: flip flops.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: flip flops.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Phil Lollar and Tim Whitnall

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage cans and mailbox overfilled with trash

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash

text: Recently the NPSG has received copious attention because of another issue it currently faces. The eddy effects of the gyre serve to retain pollutants in its center. If a pollutant gets trapped in a current that is headed toward a gyre, it will stay there indefinitely or as long as the life of the pollutant. One such pollutant that is persistent and common in the NPSG is plastic debris. The NPSG forces debris into its central area. This phenomenon has recently given this gyre the nickname, “The Pacific Garbage Patch.”  The mean abundance and weight of plastic pieces in this area are currently the largest observed in the Pacific Ocean. It is rumored that this plastic “soup” is anywhere from the size of Texas to the size of the US. With increasing interest in pollution and climate change, the NPSG gains more attention. It is important that our knowledge of this system continue to flourish for these reasons, as well as solely for the understanding of the world’s largest ecosystem.

text: Recently the NPSG has received copious attention because of another issue it currently faces. The eddy effects of the gyre serve to retain pollutants in its center. If a pollutant gets trapped in a current that is headed toward a gyre, it will stay there indefinitely or as long as the life of the pollutant. One such pollutant that is persistent and common in the NPSG is plastic debris. The NPSG forces debris into its central area. This phenomenon has recently given this gyre the nickname, “The Pacific Garbage Patch.”  The mean abundance and weight of plastic pieces in this area are currently the largest observed in the Pacific Ocean. It is rumored that this plastic “soup” is anywhere from the size of Texas to the size of the US. With increasing interest in pollution and climate change, the NPSG gains more attention. It is important that our knowledge of this system continue to flourish for these reasons, as well as solely for the understanding of the world’s largest ecosystem.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The mean abundance and weight of plastic pieces in this area are currently the largest

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of the plastic "soup"?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is the mean abundance and weight of plastic pieces in this area

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Texas to the size of the US.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic debris.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the largest observed in the Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: climate change,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: “The Pacific Garbage Patch.”

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: indefinitely or as long as the life of the pollutant.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Texas to the size of the US.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it will stay there indefinitely

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic debris.

text: In July 2011, co-founder  Silverwood went on a research expedition to document the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as North Pacific Gyre or Pacific Trash Vortex.

text: In July 2011, co-founder  Silverwood went on a research expedition to document the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: , also known as North Pacific Gyre or Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

text: In the 2004 video game The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge, Oogie was resurrected by his henchmen Lock, Shock and Barrel, who sewed him together. He quickly deceived the residents of Halloween Town and tricked the townspeople into making traps for Jack stating that Jack wouldn't return if they can make an even scarier Halloween for next year. Oogie attempted to become the Seven Holidays King, successfully kidnapped the real leaders and tried to murder Santa Claus again. His plans were foiled by Jack. Desperate, Oogie puts up a fight in the Holiday Trash Hill (where all the holiday worlds' garbage goes) by turning into a gigantic junk-filled version of himself named "Mega-Oogie", but he is again destroyed.

text: In the 2004 video game The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge, Oogie was resurrected by his henchmen Lock, Shock and Barrel, who sewed him together. He quickly deceived the residents of Halloween Town and tricked the townspeople into making traps for Jack stating that Jack wouldn't return if they can make an even scarier Halloween for next year. Oogie attempted to become the Seven Holidays King, successfully kidnapped the real leaders and tried to murder Santa Claus again. His plans were foiled by Jack. Desperate, Oogie puts up a fight in the Holiday Trash Hill (where all the holiday worlds' garbage goes) by turning into a gigantic junk-filled version of himself named "Mega-Oogie", but he is again destroyed.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: none

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: holiday worlds

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Holiday Trash

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Mega-Oogie",

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: junk-filled version of himself named "Mega-Oogie",

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Holiday Trash Hill

text: In contemporary times, marine life is a field of study both in marine biology and in biological oceanography. In biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land. Marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. For this reason marine biology encompasses not only organisms that live only in a marine environment, but also other organisms whose lives revolve around the sea. Biological oceanography is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system. Biological oceanography mostly focuses on the microorganisms within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem. Biological oceanography is similar to marine biology, but is different because of the perspective used to study the ocean. Biological oceanography takes a bottom up approach (in terms of the food web), while marine biology studies the ocean from a top down perspective. Biological oceanography mainly focuses on the ecosystem of the ocean with an emphasis on plankton: their diversity (morphology, nutritional sources, motility, and metabolism); their productivity and how that plays a role in the global carbon cycle; and their distribution (predation and life cycle). Biological oceanography also investigates the role of microbes in food webs, and how humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

text: In contemporary times, marine life is a field of study both in

text: marine biology

text: and in

text: biological oceanography

text: . In biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land. Marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. For this reason marine biology encompasses not only organisms that live only in a marine environment, but also other organisms whose lives revolve around the sea. Biological oceanography is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the

text: physics

text: chemistry

text: , and

text: geology

text: of the

text: oceanographic system

text: . Biological oceanography mostly focuses on the

text: microorganism

text: s within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem. Biological oceanography is similar to

text: marine biology

text: , but is different because of the perspective used to study the ocean. Biological oceanography takes a bottom up approach (in terms of the food web), while marine biology studies the ocean from a top down perspective. Biological oceanography mainly focuses on the ecosystem of the ocean with an emphasis on plankton: their diversity (morphology, nutritional sources, motility, and metabolism); their productivity and how that plays a role in the global carbon cycle; and their distribution (predation and life cycle). Biological oceanography also investigates the role of microbes in food webs, and how humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: how humans impact the ecosystems in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: humans impact the ecosystems

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon cycle;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemistry,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plankton:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: global carbon cycle;

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Biological oceanography

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Biological oceanography

text: Source–sink dynamics has also been incorporated into studies of metapopulations, a group of populations residing in patches of habitat.  Though some patches may go extinct, the regional persistence of the metapopulation depends on the ability of patches to be re-colonized.  As long as there are source patches present for successful reproduction, sink patches may allow the total number of individuals in the metapopulation to grow beyond what the source could support, providing a reserve of individuals available for re-colonization. Source–sink dynamics also has implications for studies of the coexistence of species within habitat patches.  Because a patch that is a source for one species may be a sink for another, coexistence may actually depend on immigration from a second patch rather than the interactions between the two species.  Similarly, source-sink dynamics may influence the regional coexistence and demographics of species within a metacommunity, a group of communities connected by the dispersal of potentially interacting species.  Finally, the source-sink model has greatly influenced ecological trap theory, a model in which organisms prefer sink habitat over source habitat.

text: Source–sink dynamics has also been incorporated into studies of

text: metapopulation

text: s, a group of populations residing in patches of habitat.  Though some patches may go extinct, the regional persistence of the metapopulation depends on the ability of patches to be re-colonized.  As long as there are source patches present for successful reproduction, sink patches may allow the total number of individuals in the metapopulation to grow beyond what the source could support, providing a reserve of individuals available for re-colonization. Source–sink dynamics also has implications for studies of the coexistence of species within habitat patches.  Because a patch that is a source for one species may be a sink for another, coexistence may actually depend on immigration from a second patch rather than the interactions between the two species.  Similarly, source-sink dynamics may influence the regional coexistence and demographics of species within a

text: metacommunity

text: , a group of communities connected by the dispersal of potentially interacting species.  Finally, the source-sink model has greatly influenced

text: ecological trap theory

text: , a model in which organisms prefer sink habitat over source habitat.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: sink patches

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: sink patches

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: sinks

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: patches of habitat.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Source–sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: metapopulations,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Source–sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Source–sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Source–sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Source–sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: organisms prefer sink habitat over source habitat.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Source–sink dynamics

text: UV filters are being used increasingly due to growing concern about UV radiation and skin cancer, especially as a result of ozone depletion. The levels of certain UV-filters in sunscreens vary from 0.5 to 10%, sometimes reaching 25%. They enter the environment directly through bathing activities in oceans, rivers and lakes or through industrial waste water discharge. They are indirectly introduced through domestic water discharge during showering, bathing or urine excretion or through waste water treatment.Waste water treatment plants (WWTP) are not very effective at removing these contaminants. Several UV filters have been detected at ppb or ppt levels in surfacewater and wastewater, with maximum concentrations in summer time. They are lipophilic and tend to accumulate in the aquatic environment’s soils and sediments as well as in the food chain. Several studies have actually shown the presence of UV filters in aquatic organisms. The 4-methyl-benzylidenecamphor was detected in the muscle tissue of trout in Swiss and German waters, while traces of ethylhexylmethoxy cinnamate and octocrylene were found in shellfish in the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of France. Furthermore, eighteen organic sunscreens were found in sediments of Japanese rivers and lakes, at concentrations ranging from 2 to about 3000 ng/g. The accumulation of organic UV filters in living organisms is of major concern because some of them (and their metabolites) can act as endocrine disruptors both in vitro and in vivo . In addition, Goksøyr et al.(2009) reported concentrations of organic UV-filters in openwaters of the Pacific Ocean, providing evidence of the persistence and wide dispersion of these components in the marine environment.

text: UV filters are being used increasingly due to growing concern about UV radiation and skin cancer, especially as a result of

text: ozone depletion

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial waste water discharge

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: UV filters have been detected at ppb or ppt levels in surfacewater and wastewater

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: octocrylene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: endocrine disruptors

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3000 ng/g.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial waste water discharge.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: organic UV-filters in openwaters of the Pacific Ocean,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: octocrylene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: eighteen organic sunscreens

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: France.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: France.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: endocrine disruptors

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: eighteen organic sunscreens

text: Because of safety issues, phosgene is often produced and consumed within the same plant, and extraordinary measures are made to contain this toxic gas. It is listed on schedule 3 of the Chemical Weapons Convention: All production sites manufacturing more than 30 tonnes per year must be declared to the OPCW. Although less dangerous than many other chemical weapons, such as sarin, phosgene is still regarded as a viable chemical warfare agent because it is so easy to manufacture when compared to the production requirements of more technically advanced chemical weapons such as the first-generation nerve agent tabun.

text: Because of safety issues, phosgene is often produced and consumed within the same plant, and extraordinary measures are made to contain this toxic gas. It is listed on

text: schedule 3

text: of the

text: Chemical Weapons Convention

text: : All production sites manufacturing more than 30 tonnes per year must be declared to the

entity_name: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

text: OPCW

text: . Although less dangerous than many other

text: chemical weapons

text: , such as

text: sarin

text: , phosgene is still regarded as a viable

text: chemical warfare agent

text: because it is so easy to manufacture when compared to the production requirements of more technically advanced chemical weapons such as the first-generation

text: nerve agent

text: tabun

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 30 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sarin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is so easy to manufacture

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 30 tonnes per year

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 30 tonnes per year must be declared to the OPCW.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 30 tonnes per year must be declared to the OPCW.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 30 tonnes per year must be declared to the OPCW.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Because of safety issues, phosgene

text: Exposure to environmental media containing 2,3,7,8-TCDD and other dioxins and dioxin-like compounds can be harmful to humans as well as to wildlife. These chemicals are resistant to metabolism and biomagnify up the food chain. Toxic and biological effects of these compounds are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Oftentimes results of human activity leads to instances of these chemicals as mixtures of DLCs in the environment. The TEF approach has also been used to assess the toxicity of other chemicals including PAHs and xenoestrogens.

text: Exposure to environmental media containing 2,3,7,8-TCDD and other

text: dioxins and dioxin-like compounds

text: can be harmful to humans as well as to wildlife. These chemicals are resistant to

text: metabolism

text: and

text: biomagnify

text: up the food chain. Toxic and biological effects of these compounds are mediated through the

text: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)

text: . Oftentimes results of human activity leads to instances of these chemicals as mixtures of DLCs in the environment. The TEF approach has also been used to assess the toxicity of other chemicals including PAHs and xenoestrogens.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to humans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2,3,7,8-TCDD

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 2,3,7,8-TCDD

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2,3,7,8-TCDD

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2,3,7,8-TCDD

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 2,3,7,8-TCDD

text: For peak usage of the flash-memory drive, it is necessary to compact data so that flash-memory blocks are full of useful data.  This is accomplished by garbage collection.  LogFS's garbage collection strategy relies on file data being placed in a certain way into flash-memory blocks: a flash-memory block will hold only file data from the same level in the inode tree.  LogFS can garbage collect the top level of the trees using just 1 empty flash-memory block.  It can garbage collect the top 2 levels of the trees using 2 empty flash-memory blocks.  And can garbage collect all N levels of the trees using N empty flash memory blocks.  The algorithm is exponential time in the worst case, but the worst case is rare and the algorithm requires reserving only a handful of flash-memory blocks.

text: For peak usage of the flash-memory drive, it is necessary to compact data so that flash-memory blocks are full of useful data.  This is accomplished by

text: garbage collection

text: .  LogFS's garbage collection strategy relies on file data being placed in a certain way into flash-memory blocks: a flash-memory block will hold only file data from the same level in the inode tree.  LogFS can garbage collect the top level of the trees using just 1 empty flash-memory block.  It can garbage collect the top 2 levels of the trees using 2 empty flash-memory blocks.  And can garbage collect all N levels of the trees using N empty flash memory blocks.  The algorithm is

text: exponential time

text: in the worst case, but the worst case is rare and the algorithm requires reserving only a handful of flash-memory blocks.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage collection.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: 2 empty flash-memory blocks.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: flash-memory drive,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: exponential time in the worst case, but the worst case is rare

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2 empty flash-memory blocks.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 1 empty flash-memory block.

text: Chemicals are regulated under various laws including the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In 2010, Congress was considering a new law entitled the Safe Chemicals Act. Over the following several years, the Senate considered a number of legislative texts to amend the TSCA. These included the Safer Chemicals Act, several versions of which were introduced by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), with the latest in 2013, and the Chemical Safety Improvement Act (S. 1009, CSIA) introduced by Senators Lautenberg and David Vitter (R-LA) in 2013. Senator Lautenberg died shortly after CSIA's introduction, and over time his mantle was picked up by Senator Tom Udall (D-NM), who continued to work with Senator Vitter on revisions to the CSIA. The result of that effort was the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, passed by the Senate on December 17, 2015. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Modernization Act of 2015 (H.R. 2576), passed the House of Representatives on June 23, 2015. Revised legislation, which resolved differences between the House and Senate versions, was forwarded to the President on June 14, 2016.     President Obama signed the bill into law on June 22, 2016. The Senator's widow, Bonnie Lautenberg, was present at the White House signing ceremony.

text: Chemicals are regulated under various laws including the

text: Toxic Substances Control Act

text: (TSCA). In 2010, Congress was considering a new law entitled the Safe Chemicals Act. Over the following several years, the Senate considered a number of legislative texts to amend the TSCA. These included the Safer Chemicals Act, several versions of which were introduced by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), with the latest in 2013, and the Chemical Safety Improvement Act (S. 1009, CSIA) introduced by Senators Lautenberg and David Vitter (R-LA) in 2013. Senator Lautenberg died shortly after CSIA's introduction, and over time his mantle was picked up by Senator Tom Udall (D-NM), who continued to work with Senator Vitter on revisions to the CSIA. The result of that effort was the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, passed by the Senate on December 17, 2015. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Modernization Act of 2015 (H.R. 2576), passed the House of Representatives on June 23, 2015. Revised legislation, which resolved differences between the House and Senate versions, was forwarded to the President on June 14, 2016.     President Obama signed the bill into law on June 22, 2016. The Senator's widow, Bonnie Lautenberg, was present at the White House signing ceremony.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: TSCA Modernization Act of 2015

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxic Substances Control

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Chemicals are regulated under various laws including the Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: June 22, 2016.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: June 22, 2016.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: June 22, 2016.

text: Marine organisms are more sensitive to changes in  (carbon dioxide) levels than are terrestrial organisms for a variety of reasons.  is 28 times more soluble in water than is oxygen. Marine animals normally function with lower concentrations of  in their bodies than land animals, as the removal of  in air-breathing animals is impeded by the need for the gas to pass through the respiratory system's membranes (lungs' alveolus, tracheae, and the like), even when  diffuses more easily than oxygen. In marine organisms, relatively modest but sustained increases in  concentrations hamper the synthesis of proteins, reduce fertilization rates, and produce deformities in calcareous hard parts. In addition, an increase in  concentration is inevitably linked to ocean acidification, consistent with the preferential extinction of heavily calcified taxa and other signals in the rock record that suggest a more acidic ocean. The decrease in ocean pH is calculated to be up to 0.7 units.

text: Marine organisms are more sensitive to changes in  (

text: carbon dioxide

text: ) levels than are terrestrial organisms for a variety of reasons.  is 28 times more

text: soluble

text: in water than is oxygen. Marine animals normally function with lower concentrations of  in their bodies than land animals, as the removal of  in air-breathing animals is impeded by the need for the gas to pass through the respiratory system's

text: membrane

text: s (

text: lungs

text: alveolus

text: tracheae

text: , and the like), even when  diffuses more easily than oxygen. In marine organisms, relatively modest but sustained increases in  concentrations hamper the synthesis of

text: protein

text: s, reduce fertilization rates, and produce

text: deformities

text: in calcareous hard parts. In addition, an increase in  concentration is inevitably linked to

text: ocean acidification

text: , consistent with the preferential extinction of heavily calcified taxa and other signals in the rock record that suggest a more

text: acidic

text: ocean. The decrease in ocean pH is calculated to be up to 0.7 units.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is 28 times more soluble in water than is oxygen

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: marine organisms

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: (carbon dioxide) levels than are terrestrial organisms

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: (carbon dioxide)

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: (carbon dioxide) levels than are terrestrial organisms

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 28 times more soluble in water than is oxygen.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 28 times more soluble in water than is oxygen.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 28 times more soluble in water than is oxygen.

text: Given their typically short dispersal distance, the spatial arrangement of habitat is important to the conservation of the Karner blue butterfly. Distance between the various types of habitat required by Karner blue butterflies is likely an influential landscape attribute. Lane suggests that suitable Karner blue butterfly habitat occurs in areas where open and closed canopies occur within a 590-foot (180 m) diameter. Maxwell recommends considering the amount of shaded wild lupine habitat within the dispersal distance of Karner blue butterfly when reducing overstory. Many investigators stress the importance of habitat patches being closely spaced. For instance, at sites in west-central Wisconsin, the average distance from an occupied wild lupine patch to another occupied patch was significantly (p=0.002) shorter (709 feet, 216 m) than to an unoccupied patch (1,155 feet, 352 m). Wild lupine patches in the same area that were occupied by Karner blue butterflies were also surrounded by a relatively low percentage of unoccupied patches. In addition, wild lupine patches in the Allegan State Game Area that were occupied by Karner blue butterflies were closer to other occupied patches than wild lupine patches without Karner blue butterflies. This led to the recommendation that habitat patches be within 230 feet (70 m) of each other. Isolation of habitat patches has been suggested as a reason for lack of Karner blue butterfly presence on sites in New York. In addition, studies of Karner blue butterfly dispersal have led to recommended distance between patches of ≤980 feet (300 m) to allow for dispersal and management units no wider than 1,300 to 1,600 feet (400–500 m) to improve recolonization of treated areas.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Karner blue butterfly

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: debris

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 230 feet

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: wild lupine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 230 feet (70 m) of each other.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Karner blue butterflies

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 230 feet (70 m) of each other.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 980 feet (300 m) to allow for dispersal

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 230 feet

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 230 feet (70 m) of each other.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 230 feet (70 m) of each other.

text: In the opening cinematic of Iridion 3D Earth is attacked without warning by the Iridion, who take over much of the surface and lay mines in orbit and bombs in the Pacific Ocean. The player is the pilot of an experimental SHN fighter, the last hope for defending Earth from the Iridion. The player pilots his ship alone against hordes of Iridion fighters and natural obstacles. The early stages begin on Earth, with the player fighting through an Iridion garbage tunnel. The player proceeds to the Pacific Ocean and destroys much of the Iridion invasion fleet on Earth before heading into the stratosphere to destroy the orbital blockade around Earth and subsequently annihilating the Iridion boss at the Moon.

text: In the opening cinematic of Iridion 3D Earth is attacked without warning by the Iridion, who take over much of the surface and lay mines in orbit and bombs in the Pacific Ocean. The player is the pilot of an experimental SHN fighter, the last hope for defending Earth from the Iridion. The player pilots his ship alone against hordes of Iridion fighters and natural obstacles. The early stages begin on Earth, with the player fighting through an Iridion garbage tunnel. The player proceeds to the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: and destroys much of the Iridion invasion fleet on Earth before heading into the

text: stratosphere

text: to destroy the orbital blockade around Earth and subsequently annihilating the Iridion boss at the Moon.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage tunnels

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: bombs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bombs in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Iridion garbage tunnel. The player proceeds to the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Iridion garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage tunnel.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mines

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Iridion garbage tunnel.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Iridion garbage tunnel.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Iridion garbage tunnel.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Iridion garbage tunnel.

text: The name Allison has been used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean and the alternative spelling Alison has been used for one tropical cyclone in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and three in the southern Indian Ocean.

text: The name Allison has been used for three

text: tropical cyclone

text: s in the Atlantic Ocean and the alternative spelling Alison has been used for one tropical cyclone in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and three in the southern Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Alison

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Atlantic Ocean and the alternative spelling Alison

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Southwest Pacific Ocean and three in the southern Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Allison

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Alison

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Southwest Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The name Allison has been used for three tropical cyclones

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Atlantic Ocean

text: The night of the fashion show, Tangerine locks the Kids in the basement of the antique shop so that they don't escape, and soon, they are captured by Juice and his gang who bring them to the State Home for the Ugly, a prison where people too ugly for society are brought and executed. People there include the "too fat" Santa Claus, the "too bald" Gandhi, and the "too skinny" Abraham Lincoln. Manzini and Dodger help them escape and head to the fashion show. The Garbage Pail Kids trash the fashion show and rip the clothes off the models, while Dodger gets in a fight with Juice. Later that night, Tangerine apologizes to Dodger and asks to be his friend, but Dodger doesn't accept her apology for her greed. Captain tries to sing the Garbage Pail Kids' song backwards to coax them back into the garbage can, but the Kids sneak out and ride stolen ATVs away to cause more havoc.

text: The night of the fashion show, Tangerine locks the Kids in the basement of the antique shop so that they don't escape, and soon, they are captured by Juice and his gang who bring them to the State Home for the Ugly, a prison where people too ugly for society are brought and executed. People there include the "too fat"

text: Santa Claus

text: , the "too bald"

text: Gandhi

text: , and the "too skinny"

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: . Manzini and Dodger help them escape and head to the fashion show. The Garbage Pail Kids trash the fashion show and rip the clothes off the models, while Dodger gets in a fight with Juice. Later that night, Tangerine apologizes to Dodger and asks to be his friend, but Dodger doesn't accept her apology for her greed. Captain tries to sing the Garbage Pail Kids' song backwards to coax them back into the garbage can, but the Kids sneak out and ride stolen

text: ATV

text: s away to cause more havoc.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage pail kids trash the fashion show

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ATVs

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ATVs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids trash the fashion show

text: Chemical waste in our oceans is becoming a major issue for the marine life. There have been many studies conducted to try and prove the effects of these chemical in our oceans. In Canada, many of the studies concentrated on the Atlantic provinces, where fishing and aquaculture are an important part of the economy. In New Brunswick, a study was done on the sea urchin in an attempt to identify the effects of toxic and chemical waste on life beneath the ocean, specifically the wasted from the salmon farms. Sea urchins were used to check the levels of metals in the environment. It is advantageous to use green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, because they are widely distributed, abundant in many locations, and easily accessible. By investigating the concentrations of metals in the green sea urchins, the impacts of produced chemicals from salmon aquaculture activity could be assessed and detected. Samples were taken at 25-metre intervals along a transect in the direction of the main tidal flow. The study found that there was impacts to at least 75 m based on the intestine metal concentrations. So based on this study it is clear that the metals are contaminating the oceans and negatively affecting aquatic life.

text: Chemical waste in our oceans is becoming a major issue for the marine life. There have been many studies conducted to try and prove the effects of these chemical in our oceans. In Canada, many of the studies concentrated on the Atlantic provinces, where fishing and aquaculture are an important part of the economy. In New Brunswick, a study was done on the

text: sea urchin

text: in an attempt to identify the effects of toxic and chemical waste on life beneath the ocean, specifically the wasted from the salmon farms. Sea urchins were used to check the levels of metals in the environment. It is advantageous to use green sea urchins,

text: Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

text: , because they are widely distributed, abundant in many locations, and easily accessible. By investigating the concentrations of metals in the green sea urchins, the impacts of produced chemicals from

text: salmon aquaculture

text: activity could be assessed and detected. Samples were taken at 25-metre intervals along a transect in the direction of the main tidal flow. The study found that there was impacts to at least 75 m based on the intestine metal concentrations. So based on this study it is clear that the metals are contaminating the oceans and negatively affecting aquatic life.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chemical waste in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Which of the following is not a type of sea urchin?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: salmon farms.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Chemical waste in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic provinces,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Chemical waste

text: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication. An example is "wood alcohol" or methanol, which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.

text: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by

text: toxication

text: . An example is "wood alcohol" or

text: methanol

text: , which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic

text: formaldehyde

text: and

text: formic acid

text: in the

text: liver

text: . Many

text: drug

text: molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver

text: enzyme

text: s makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are toxic only indirectly

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxication

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "wood alcohol"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxication.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

text: Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) report the toxicity-weighted masses of mixtures of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs. The reported value provides toxicity information about the mixture of chemicals and is more meaningful to toxicologists than reporting the total number of grams. To obtain TEQs the mass of each chemical in a mixture is multiplied by its TEF and is then summed with all other chemicals to report the total toxicity-weighted mass. TEQs are then used for risk characterization and management purposes, such as prioritizing areas of cleanup.

text: Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) report the toxicity-weighted masses of mixtures of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs. The reported value provides toxicity information about the mixture of chemicals and is more meaningful to toxicologists than reporting the total number of grams. To obtain TEQs the mass of each chemical in a mixture is multiplied by its TEF and is then summed with all other chemicals to report the total toxicity-weighted mass. TEQs are then used for risk characterization and management purposes, such as prioritizing areas of cleanup.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic Equivalents

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: grams.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic Equivalents

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxic Equivalents

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxic Equivalents

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxic Equivalents

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxic Equivalents

text: The amount of carbon tied up in a typical single whale carcass (about 2 × 1016 gC) is roughly equivalent to the amount of carbon exported to a hectare of abyssal ocean floor.  This amount of organic material reaching the seafloor at one time creates a pulse equivalent to about 2000 years of background carbon flux in the sediment immediately beneath the whale fall (Smith and Baco, 2003).  This helps to sustain the community structure that develops around a whale fall, but it also has potential implications for the biological pump, or the flux of organic material from the surface ocean to depth. Whales and some other large marine animals feed on and follow large aggregations of zooplankton for sustenance. Based on simple trophic structure, this would mean whales and other large zooplankton feeders can be found at higher abundance around areas of high primary production, potentially making them important exporters of carbon to depth through food falls. (Higgs et al., 2014).  Biological pump models indicate that a large amount of carbon uptake by the deep sea is not supplied by particulate organic carbon (POC) alone, and must come from another source. Lateral advection of carbon, especially in coastal areas contributes to this deficit in the model, but food falls are also another source of organic carbon for the deep ocean (Higgs et al., 2014).  Various percentages of the food fall contribution to the total carbon flux to the deep ocean have been hypothesized, ranging from 0.3% (Smith 2006) to 4% (Higgs et al., 2014).  There is growing evidence that the contribution of food falls to the deep ocean carbon flux is larger than originally proposed, especially on the local scale in areas of high primary productivity.  Unfortunately, contributions of food falls to the biological pump are hard to measure and rely on a few serendipitous studies on discovered falls (Smith et al., 1989; Higgs et al., 2014) as well as planted carcasses (Janssen et al., 2000; Kemp et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2009), with much of the deep sea carbon flux studies relying on sediment traps (Robison et al., 2005; Miller and Wheeler, 2012).  One study even suggested that the whaling industry has had an effect on the biological pump through the elimination of many large whales, as well as a large number of whales, reducing the amount of whale falls (Pershing et al., 2010).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.3%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Context: Food falls are an important source of organic carbon for the deep ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The North Pacific Gyre is estimated to have a mass of 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.3% (Smith 2006) to 4%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food falls

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: total carbon flux to the deep ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: falls

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: particulate organic carbon

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 0.3% (Smith 2006) to 4%

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: food falls

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: take by the deep sea is not supplied by particulate organic carbon

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: food falls are also another source of organic carbon for the deep ocean

text: Patch testing helps identify which substances may be causing a delayed-type allergic reaction in a patient, and may identify allergens not identified by blood testing or skin prick testing. It is intended to produce a local allergic reaction on a small area of the patient's back, where the diluted chemicals were planted. The chemicals included in the patch test kit are the offenders in approximately 85–90 percent of contact allergic eczema, and include chemicals present in metals (e.g., nickel), rubber, leather, formaldehyde, lanolin, fragrance, toiletries, hair dyes, medicine, pharmaceutical items, food, drink, preservative, and other additives.

text: Patch testing helps identify which substances may be causing a delayed-type allergic reaction in a patient, and may identify allergens not identified by blood testing or skin prick testing. It is intended to produce a local allergic reaction on a small area of the patient's back, where the diluted chemicals were planted. The chemicals included in the patch test kit are the offenders in approximately 85–90 percent of contact allergic eczema, and include chemicals present in metals (e.g., nickel), rubber, leather, formaldehyde, lanolin, fragrance, toiletries, hair dyes, medicine, pharmaceutical items, food, drink, preservative, and other additives.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 85–90 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause eczema

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: lanolin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 85–90 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: rubber, leather, formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rubber, leather, formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 85–90 percent of contact allergic eczema,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Patch testing

text: Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). By extension, the word may be metaphorically used to describe toxic effects on larger and more complex groups, such as the family unit or society  at large. Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

text: Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can damage an

text: organism

text: . Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an

text: animal

text: bacterium

text: , or

text: plant

text: , as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a

text: cell

text: cytotoxicity

text: ) or an organ such as the

text: liver

text: hepatotoxicity

text: ). By extension, the word may be

text: metaphor

text: ically used to describe toxic effects on larger and more complex groups, such as the

text: family

text: unit or society  at large. Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with

text: poisoning

text: in everyday usage.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can damage an animal

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cytotoxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plant,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: (cytotoxicity)

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxicity

text: Preempting the single release, Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing" live on October 19, 1998 at USF Special Events Center in Tampa, Florida BMG sent a radio edit of the track to radio stations across Europe on January 7, 1999, six weeks in advance of the release date. The airplay and release of the single would coincide Garbage's return to the UK & Europe on their Version 2.0 tour; MTV Europe recorded the band's live show at The Zenith Arena in Paris, France on January 27 to be broadcast as a five-song MTV Live special. The recording included the band's performance of "The Trick is To Keep Breathing" from that night and was broadcast on MTV networks worldwide, from April 1. The following night from the Zenith show, Garbage performed "The Trick Is To Keep Breathing" and "Special" acoustically on French Canal+ television show Nulle Part Ailleurs. After the performance, Garbage were presented with gold discs for their French record sales.

text: Preempting the single release, Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing" live on October 19, 1998 at

text: USF Special Events Center

text: in

text: Tampa

text: Florida

text: BMG sent a

text: radio edit

text: of the track to

text: radio stations

text: across Europe on January 7, 1999, six weeks in advance of the release date. The airplay and release of the single would coincide Garbage's return to the UK & Europe on their Version 2.0 tour;

text: MTV Europe

text: recorded the band's live show at

text: The Zenith Arena

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: on January 27 to be broadcast as a five-song MTV Live special. The recording included the band's performance of "The Trick is To Keep Breathing" from that night and was broadcast on MTV networks worldwide, from April 1. The following night from the Zenith show, Garbage performed "The Trick Is To Keep Breathing" and "Special" acoustically on

text: French

text: Canal+

text: television show Nulle Part Ailleurs. After the performance, Garbage were presented with gold discs for their French record sales.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage were presented with gold discs for their French record sales.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1999,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1999,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage debuted "...Keep Breathing"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 1999,

text: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.  The carcinogenic effect of arsenic arises from the oxidative stress induced by arsenic.  Arsenic's high toxicity naturally led to the development of a variety of arsenic compounds as chemical weapons, e.g. dimethylarsenic chloride. Some were employed as chemical warfare agents, especially in World War I.  This threat led to many studies on antidotes and an expanded knowledge of the interaction of arsenic compounds with living organisms.  One result was the development of antidotes such as British anti-Lewisite.  Many such antidotes exploit the affinity of As(III) for thiolate ligands, which convert highly toxic organoarsenicals to less toxic derivatives. It is generally assumed that arsenates bind to cysteine residues in proteins.

text: Genotoxicity

text: involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.  The

text: carcinogenic

text: effect of arsenic arises from the

text: oxidative stress

text: induced by arsenic.  Arsenic's high toxicity naturally led to the development of a variety of arsenic compounds as

text: chemical weapon

text: s, e.g. dimethylarsenic chloride. Some were employed as

text: chemical warfare agent

text: s, especially in

text: World War I

text: .  This threat led to many studies on

text: antidotes

text: and an expanded knowledge of the interaction of arsenic compounds with living organisms.  One result was the development of antidotes such as

text: British anti-Lewisite

text: .  Many such antidotes exploit the affinity of As(III) for

text: thiolate

text: ligand

text: s, which convert highly toxic organoarsenicals to less toxic derivatives. It is generally assumed that arsenates bind to

text: cysteine

text: residues in proteins.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Arsenic's

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Arsenic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Genotoxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Genotoxicity involves inhibition of DNA repair and DNA methylation.

text: Many chemical weapons also produce toxic effects on any personnel in an affected area. However, this usually has no tactical value, as the effects of indirect exposure do not develop fast or substantially enough - though again, the psychological effect upon an enemy aware of the chemical usage may be considerable. There are however some chemical agents that are by design non-degrading, such as the nerve agent VX. Sulfur mustard was extensively used by both German and allied forces on the west front in World War I as an effective area-denial weapon, usually through contaminating large land stripes by extensive shelling with HD/Gelbkreuz ordnance. Since sulfur mustard is very persistent, involatile, hard-to-decontaminate and highly effective in inflicting debilitating casualties at even low doses, this tactic proved to be very effective.

text: Many

text: chemical weapons

text: also produce toxic effects on any personnel in an affected area. However, this usually has no tactical value, as the effects of indirect exposure do not develop fast or substantially enough - though again, the psychological effect upon an enemy aware of the chemical usage may be considerable. There are however some

text: chemical agents

text: that are by design non-degrading, such as the

text: nerve agent

text: VX

text: Sulfur mustard

text: was extensively used by both German and allied forces on the west front in

text: World War I

text: as an effective area-denial weapon, usually through contaminating large land stripes by extensive shelling with HD/Gelbkreuz ordnance. Since sulfur mustard is very persistent, involatile, hard-to-decontaminate and highly effective in inflicting debilitating casualties at even low doses, this tactic proved to be very effective.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are by design non-degradable

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: VX

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: land stripes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical weapons

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Many chemical weapons also produce toxic effects

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: VX.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Many chemical weapons

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the effects of indirect exposure do not develop fast or substantially enough

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: this usually has no tactical value,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical weapons also produce toxic effects

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many chemical weapons also produce toxic effects on any personnel in an affected area.

text: Toxicants, after they have been taken up by the organism and reached the target site, are assumed to affect one or more metabolic processes as specified in Dynamic Energy Budget theory. Examples of such processes are the costs for maintenance, assimilation of energy from food, costs for producing somatic tissues, costs for the production of offspring, and hazards to the developing embryo. A change in a single metabolic process has particular consequences for both growth and reproduction of the organism. Therefore, the specific pattern of growth and reproduction over time provides information about the affected process. In this way, the DEBtox method can be used to explain observed effect patterns over time, as well as the links between effects on body size and reproduction.

text: Toxicant

text: s, after they have been taken up by the organism and reached the target site, are assumed to affect one or more metabolic processes as specified in

text: Dynamic Energy Budget

text: theory. Examples of such processes are the costs for maintenance, assimilation of energy from food, costs for producing somatic tissues, costs for the production of offspring, and hazards to the developing embryo. A change in a single metabolic process has particular consequences for both growth and reproduction of the organism. Therefore, the specific pattern of growth and reproduction over time provides information about the affected process. In this way, the DEBtox method can be used to explain observed effect patterns over time, as well as the links between effects on body size and reproduction.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: developing embryo.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxicants,

text: This chapter covers everything from over fertilization with organic contaminants to garbage and oil as hazards for the ocean and the people of our planet.

text: This chapter covers everything from over

text: fertilization

text: with organic contaminants to garbage and oil as hazards for the ocean and the people of our planet.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastics are a major threat to the ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage and oil as hazards

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage and oil

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage and oil as hazards for the ocean and the people of our planet.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: over fertilization with organic contaminants

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage and oil as hazards for the ocean

text: He played bass on many Garbage tracks including songs from their Version 2.0 and Beautifulgarbage albums. The first Garbage song he played bass on was "Trip My Wire," and the only co-writer credit he had with the group was for the 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy". He also played bass on "Tell Me Where it Hurts," the lead single of the band's greatest hits album Absolute Garbage.

text: He played bass on many Garbage tracks including songs from their

text: Version 2.0

text: and

text: Beautifulgarbage

text: albums. The first Garbage song he played bass on was "Trip My Wire," and the only co-writer

text: credit

text: he had with the group was for the 1999

text: B-side

text: "Get Busy with the Fizzy". He also played bass on "

text: Tell Me Where it Hurts

text: ," the

text: lead single

text: of the band's greatest hits album

text: Absolute Garbage

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Tell Me Where it Hurts"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it hurts

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1999

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 1999 B-side "Get Busy with the Fizzy".

text: Toxics use reduction is an approach to pollution prevention that targets and measures reductions in the upfront use of toxic materials. Toxics use reduction emphasizes the more preventive aspects of source reduction but, due to its emphasis on toxic chemical inputs, has been opposed more vigorously by chemical manufacturers.

text: Toxics use reduction is an approach to

text: pollution

text: prevention that targets and measures reductions in the upfront use of toxic materials. Toxics use reduction emphasizes the more preventive aspects of source reduction but, due to its emphasis on toxic chemical inputs, has been opposed more vigorously by chemical manufacturers.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxic materials.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic materials.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxics use reduction

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic materials.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxics use reduction

text: Using eye witness information, arson investigators narrowed down the location of the fire to the sign shop on Kansas street, just north of the sound stage. This building was used for the staging of a gunfight show and when not attended, the building could be entered by anyone. The remains of the building showed that the exact point of origin was in a trash can located in the building. Samples of items in the trash can and in the immediate area were collected and tested, and the tests were negative for any type of accelerant. There were no electrical lines or other sources of ignition in the immediate area. Also, based on the timeline from end of the show and the first flames being seen on the outside of the building, it was too short of a time span to have the been caused by a discarded cigarette. It was ruled that some person unknown had started the fire in the immediate area of the waste basket, and that the person had intentionally set the fire with some source of open flame (such as a match).

text: Using eye witness information, arson investigators narrowed down the location of the fire to the sign shop on Kansas street, just north of the sound stage. This building was used for the staging of a gunfight show and when not attended, the building could be entered by anyone. The remains of the building showed that the exact point of origin was in a trash can located in the building. Samples of items in the trash can and in the immediate area were collected and tested, and the tests were negative for any type of accelerant. There were no electrical lines or other sources of ignition in the immediate area. Also, based on the timeline from end of the show and the first flames being seen on the outside of the building, it was too short of a time span to have the been caused by a discarded cigarette. It was ruled that some person unknown had started the fire in the immediate area of the waste basket, and that the person had intentionally set the fire with some source of open flame (such as a match).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause fires

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash can

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cigarette.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash can

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: accelerant.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash can

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash can

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: trash can

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the tests were negative for any type of accelerant.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: the tests were negative for any type of accelerant.

text: Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are two groups of predominately man-made toxic chemicals which, when consumed, affect both the immune and reproductive systems and are classified as probably carcinogenic by the World Health Organization and in the United States by the National Cancer Institute and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The toxicity of dioxins and dioxin like PCBs is mediated by their ability to bind strongly to the aryl hydrocarbon cell receptor that is present in most animals.

text: Dioxins

text: and

text: polychlorinated biphenyl

text: s (PCBs) are two groups of predominately man-made toxic chemicals which, when consumed, affect both the

text: immune

text: and

text: reproductive system

text: s and are classified as probably carcinogenic by the

text: World Health Organization

text: and in the United States by the

text: National Cancer Institute

text: and the

entity_name: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

text: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

text: . The toxicity of dioxins and dioxin like

text: PCBs

text: is mediated by their ability to bind strongly to the

text: aryl hydrocarbon

text: cell receptor

text: that is present in most animals.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: man-made toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: their ability to bind strongly to the aryl hydrocarbon cell receptor

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Dioxins

text: A constant and verbose off-narrator guides the viewer through the life of a tomato. Beginning at Mr Suzuki's tomato field, the tomato is then sold to a supermarket, where it is acquired by Mrs Anete, a perfume saleswoman, together with some pork. Each exchange requires the presence of money, which is, together with the tomato, the constant element in the story.Mrs Anete intends to prepare a tomato sauce for the pork, but, having considered one of Mr Suzuki's tomatoes inadequate, she throws it in the garbage. Together with the rest of the garbage, the tomato is taken to Isle of Flowers (Ilha das Flores), Porto Alegre's landfill. There, the organic material considered adequate is selected as food for pigs. The rest, which is considered inadequate for the pigs, is given to poor women and children to eat.

text: A constant and verbose off-narrator guides the viewer through the life of a tomato. Beginning at Mr Suzuki's tomato field, the tomato is then sold to a supermarket, where it is acquired by Mrs Anete, a perfume saleswoman, together with some pork. Each exchange requires the presence of money, which is, together with the tomato, the constant element in the story.Mrs Anete intends to prepare a tomato sauce for the pork, but, having considered one of Mr Suzuki's tomatoes inadequate, she throws it in the garbage. Together with the rest of the garbage, the tomato is taken to Isle of Flowers (Ilha das Flores),

text: Porto Alegre

text: 's landfill. There, the organic material considered adequate is selected as food for pigs. The rest, which is considered inadequate for the pigs, is given to poor women and children to eat.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: the tomato

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The organic material considered adequate is selected as food

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The organic material considered adequate is selected as food for pigs.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: What is the name of the landfill?

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rest of the garbage,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: tomato.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: tomato.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: perfume

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: poor women and children

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Isle of Flowers (Ilha das Flores),

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Isle of Flowers (Ilha das Flores),

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: tomato.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Isle of Flowers

text: Sonic characteristics of marine species - Noise in the ocean is of utmost importance for ocean explorations, oceanographic as well as fisheries studies, sonar operations, etc. The wide range of systems for ocean research demands the need for characterizing the noise sources in the ocean. The ambient noise in the ocean is composite in nature, with components emanating from a variety of noise sources. The problem of identification of noise sources in the ocean is of prime importance because of its diverse practical applications. In view of the importance of the area of identification of noise sources, there is a need and requirement for characterizing the noise sources in the ocean which are of both man made and biological in origin.

text: Sonic characteristics of marine species - Noise in the

text: ocean

text: is of utmost importance for ocean explorations,

text: oceanographic

text: as well as

text: fisheries

text: studies,

text: sonar

text: operations, etc. The wide range of systems for ocean research demands the need for characterizing the noise sources in the ocean. The ambient noise in the ocean is composite in nature, with components emanating from a variety of noise sources. The problem of identification of noise sources in the ocean is of prime importance because of its diverse practical applications. In view of the importance of the area of identification of noise sources, there is a need and requirement for characterizing the noise sources in the ocean which are of both man made and biological in origin.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: man made

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is of utmost importance for ocean explorations

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The wide range of systems for ocean research demands the need for characterizing the noise sources in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: noise sources are of both man made and biological in origin

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: noise sources in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: man made and biological

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man made and biological

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Noise

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: man made and biological

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: man made and biological in origin.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Sonic characteristics of marine species

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: man made and biological in origin.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man made and biological in origin.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: man made and biological in origin.

text: Toxicological databases are large compilations of data derived from aquatic and environmental toxicity studies. Data is aggregated from a large number of individual studies in which toxic effects to aquatic and terrestrial organisms was determined from different chemicals. These databases are then used by toxicologists, chemists, regulatory agencies and scientists to investigate and predict the likelihood that an organic or inorganic chemicals will cause an adverse effect (i.e. toxicity) to exposed organisms. In aquatic toxicology multiple databases exist and each generally pertains to a single aspect of aquatic toxicology such as a PCBs, tissue residues or  sediment toxicity for example. A multitude of other informational and regulatory databases are maintained by the U.S. EPA , USGS , United States Army Corps of Engineers databases  and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Databases pertaining specifically to aquatic toxicology are less prolific and the three major U.S. databases are described here.

text: Toxicological databases are large compilations of data derived from aquatic and environmental toxicity studies. Data is aggregated from a large number of individual studies in which toxic effects to aquatic and terrestrial organisms was determined from different chemicals. These databases are then used by toxicologists, chemists, regulatory agencies and scientists to investigate and predict the likelihood that an organic or inorganic chemicals will cause an adverse effect (i.e.

text: toxicity

text: ) to exposed organisms. In

text: aquatic toxicology

text: multiple databases exist and each generally pertains to a single aspect of aquatic toxicology such as a

text: PCBs

text: tissue residue

text: s or

text: sediment toxicity

text: for example. A multitude of other informational and regulatory databases are maintained by the U.S.

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: EPA

text: USGS

text: United States Army Corps of Engineers

text: databases  and the

entity_name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: . Databases pertaining specifically to aquatic toxicology are less prolific and the three major U.S. databases are described here.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: terrestrial organisms

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: PCBs,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PCBs,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxicological databases

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxicological databases

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic effects to aquatic and terrestrial organisms was determined from different chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxicological databases

text: A fire was ignited to clean the dump on May 27, 1962, and water was used to douse the visible flames that night. However, flames were seen once more on May 29. Using hoses hooked up from Locust Avenue, another attempt was made to douse the fire that night. Another flare-up in the following week (June 4) caused the Centralia Fire Company to once again douse it with hoses. A bulldozer stirred up the garbage so that firemen could douse concealed layers of the burning waste. A few days later, a hole as wide as  and several feet high was found in the base of the north wall of the pit. Garbage had concealed the hole and prevented it from being filled with incombustible material. It is possible that this hole led to the mine fire, as it provided a pathway to the labyrinth of old mines under the borough. Evidence indicates that, despite these efforts to douse the fire, the landfill continued to burn; on July 2, Monsignor William J. Burke complained about foul odors from the smoldering trash and coal reaching St. Ignatius Church. Even then, the Centralia council still allowed the dumping of garbage into the pit.

text: A fire was ignited to clean the dump on May 27, 1962, and water was used to douse the visible flames that night. However, flames were seen once more on May 29. Using hoses hooked up from Locust Avenue, another attempt was made to douse the fire that night. Another flare-up in the following week (June 4) caused the Centralia Fire Company to once again douse it with hoses. A bulldozer stirred up the garbage so that firemen could douse concealed layers of the burning waste. A few days later, a hole as wide as  and several feet high was found in the base of the north wall of the pit. Garbage had concealed the hole and prevented it from being filled with incombustible material. It is possible that this hole led to the mine fire, as it provided a pathway to the labyrinth of old mines under the borough. Evidence indicates that, despite these efforts to douse the fire, the landfill continued to burn; on July 2, Monsignor William J. Burke complained about foul odors from the smoldering trash and coal reaching St. Ignatius Church. Even then, the Centralia council still allowed the dumping of garbage into the pit.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: incombustible material.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: foul odors from the smoldering trash

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the Centralia council still allowed the dumping of garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1962,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1962,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: incombustible material.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A bulldozer stirred up the garbage

text: It is thought that the seaweed was accidentally released into coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea just below Jacques Cousteau's Oceanographic Museum of Monaco in 1984. Ten years later, the claim was made that Caulerpa had grown to cover , and was preventing native plants from growing. This concern earned the plant the dubious nickname "Killer Algae" after the title of a book written on the subject. Its author, Marine biologist Alexandre Meinesz first discovered the plant in the 1980s, and requested the help of the Monaco Oceanographic Museum, which sat right next to the first known C. taxifolia patch. The director of the museum argued that this invasion probably happened naturally, the result of ocean currents carrying a tropical species into the area. The parties bickered publicly for years over whether the species was natural or invasive, and whether the museum had released it or not, at the expense of sound scientific research on the species and its ecological significance.

text: It is thought that the seaweed was accidentally released into coastal waters of the

text: Mediterranean Sea

text: just below Jacques Cousteau's

text: Oceanographic Museum of Monaco

text: in 1984. Ten years later, the claim was made that Caulerpa had grown to cover , and was preventing native plants from growing. This concern earned the plant the dubious nickname "Killer Algae" after the title of a book written on the subject. Its author,

text: Marine biologist

text: Alexandre Meinesz first discovered the plant in the 1980s, and requested the help of the Monaco Oceanographic Museum, which sat right next to the first known C. taxifolia patch. The director of the museum argued that this invasion probably happened naturally, the result of

text: ocean current

text: s carrying a

text: tropical

text: species into the area. The parties bickered publicly for years over whether the species was natural or invasive, and whether the museum had released it or not, at the expense of sound scientific research on the species and its ecological significance.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: seaweed was accidentally released

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: preventing native plants from growing

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waters

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Killer Algae"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: preventing native plants from growing.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Killer Algae"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Caulerpa had grown to cover, and was preventing native plants

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1984.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1984.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: preventing native plants from growing.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: preventing native plants from growing.

text: Garbage sent out demo tapes with no bio, to avoid a bidding war over Vig's production history. Garbage signed with Mushroom UK worldwide (excluding North America) and secured the band a Volume magazine compilation inclusion. The only potential candidate for release was "Vow", as it was the only song for which the band had completed production. When released in December, "Vow" began to receive radio airplay on XFM and from Radio 1 DJs Steve Lamacq, John Peel, and Johnnie Walker. Word-of-mouth on "Vow" took the track back to the US. On December 21, Garbage signed to Jerry Moss's label Almo Sounds for North America. Manson was licensed to both Mushroom and Almo by Radioactive Records for a single album, with no compensation from any of Garbage's labels.

text: Garbage sent out

text: demo tapes

text: with no bio, to avoid a bidding war over Vig's production history. Garbage signed with

text: Mushroom UK

text: worldwide (excluding North America) and secured the band a

text: Volume

text: magazine compilation inclusion. The only potential candidate for release was "Vow", as it was the only song for which the band had completed production. When released in December, "Vow" began to receive

text: radio airplay

text: on

text: XFM

text: and from

text: Radio 1

text: DJs

text: Steve Lamacq

text: John Peel

text: , and

text: Johnnie Walker

text: Word-of-mouth

text: on "Vow" took the track back to the US. On December 21, Garbage signed to

text: Jerry Moss

text: 's label

text: Almo Sounds

text: for North America. Manson was licensed to both Mushroom and Almo by Radioactive Records for a single album, with no compensation from any of Garbage's labels.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage signed with Jerry Moss's label Almo Sounds for North America

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North America)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Manson

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage sent out demo tapes with no bio,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Vig's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage sent out demo tapes with no bio,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Mushroom UK

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Mushroom UK

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage sent out demo tapes with no bio,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage sent out demo tapes with no bio,

text: Killed By Plastic was a demonstration/stunt by McGowan commissioned by Global Ocean in early 2008 to raise awareness of plastics in marine debris, killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year, and noting especially the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Killed By Plastic was performed at the Salvador Carnival, Bahia, Brazil, described as the "largest carnival in the world" and attended by five million people. McGowan pulled a massive fishing net filled with plastic waste weighing 300 kilograms for 8 km along the official route.

text: Killed By Plastic was a demonstration/stunt by McGowan commissioned by Global Ocean in early 2008 to raise awareness of

text: plastics

text: in

text: marine debris

text: , killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year, and noting especially the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . Killed By Plastic was performed at the Salvador Carnival,

text: Bahia

text: Brazil

text: , described as the "largest carnival in the world" and attended by five million people. McGowan pulled a massive fishing net filled with plastic waste weighing 300 kilograms for 8 km along the official route.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 300 kilograms

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastics in marine debris, killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: killing an estimated 100,000 sea animals every year,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: Sorcery automatically recompiles installed software as necessary to ensure continued compatibility and usability when installed libraries are updated. Unlike a pre-compiled binary-based distribution that must always download new packages, Sorcery most often recompiles installed software from previously downloaded sources. When a new source is required and an older source was previously downloaded, then Sorcerer will download a tiny patch that transforms the old source tarball into a current source tarball.  The practice of keeping old source tarballs and downloading patches for updates allows Sorcerer systems to be updated using less bandwidth than distributions that provide pre-compiled packages.

text: Sorcery automatically recompiles installed software as necessary to ensure continued compatibility and usability when installed libraries are updated. Unlike a pre-compiled binary-based distribution that must always download new packages, Sorcery most often recompiles installed software from previously downloaded sources. When a new source is required and an older source was previously downloaded, then Sorcerer will download a tiny patch that transforms the old source tarball into a current source tarball.  The practice of keeping old source tarballs and downloading patches for updates allows Sorcerer systems to be updated using less bandwidth than distributions that provide pre-compiled packages.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pre-compiled binary-based distribution

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: pre-compiled binary-based distribution

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Sorcery

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Sorcery

text: Memory bloating occurs due to garbage collection, which is the form of automatic memory management. For example, the .NET Framework manages the allocation and release of memory for software running on a modern OS such as Windows. .Net based web services has several types of memory such as stack, unmanaged and managed heap (free space). An example is when an operating system occurs a problem because it ran out of physical memory and the OS starts swapping unmanaged heap. The common language runtime allocates memory from the managed heap every time a new object is created, thus will continue to allocate space for new objects. On the other hand, the garbage collection must carry out a collection of data to free up some memory as memory is not infinite. As allocations are being made, the garbage collection that has an optimized engine performs a collection for objects in the managed heap as they are no longer being used by the application, therefore reclaiming their memory. As a result, OS which extensively swap heap can lead to garbage collection cycles extended from milliseconds to tens of seconds. This results to usability problems with applications with loaded caches due to memory bloating.

text: Memory bloating occurs due to garbage collection, which is the form of automatic

text: memory management

text: . For example, the

text: .NET Framework

text: manages the allocation and release of memory for software running on a modern OS such as Windows. .Net based web services has several types of memory such as stack, unmanaged and managed heap (free space). An example is when an operating system occurs a problem because it ran out of physical memory and the OS starts swapping unmanaged heap. The common language runtime allocates memory from the managed heap every time a new object is created, thus will continue to allocate space for new objects. On the other hand, the garbage collection must carry out a collection of data to free up some memory as memory is not infinite. As allocations are being made, the garbage collection that has an optimized engine performs a collection for objects in the managed heap as they are no longer being used by the application, therefore reclaiming their memory. As a result, OS which extensively swap heap can lead to garbage collection cycles extended from milliseconds to tens of seconds. This results to usability problems with applications with loaded caches due to memory bloating.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unmanaged

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unmanaged

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can lead to usability problems with applications

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: tens of seconds.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Memory bloating occurs due to garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Memory bloating

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Memory

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Memory bloating

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Memory bloating occurs due to garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Memory bloating occurs due to garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Memory bloating

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Memory bloating

text: Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low quality patch might affect a population.  In this model, organisms occupy two patches of habitat.  One patch, the source, is a high quality habitat that on average allows the population to increase.   The second patch, the sink, is very low quality habitat that, on its own, would not be able to support a population.  However, if the excess of individuals produced in the source frequently moves to the sink, the sink population can persist indefinitely.  Organisms are generally assumed to be able to distinguish between high and low quality habitat, and to prefer high quality habitat.  However, ecological trap theory describes the reasons why organisms may actually prefer sink patches over source patches.  Finally, the source-sink model implies that some habitat patches may be more important to the long-term survival of the population, and considering the presence of source-sink dynamics will help inform conservation decisions.

text: Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low quality patch might affect a population.  In this model, organisms occupy two patches of habitat.  One patch, the source, is a high quality habitat that on average allows the population to increase.   The second patch, the sink, is very low quality habitat that, on its own, would not be able to support a population.  However, if the excess of

text: individual

text: s produced in the source frequently moves to the sink, the sink population can persist indefinitely.  Organisms are generally assumed to be able to distinguish between high and low quality habitat, and to prefer high quality habitat.  However,

text: ecological trap

text: theory describes the reasons why organisms may actually prefer sink patches over source

text: patches

text: .  Finally, the source-sink model implies that some habitat patches may be more important to the long-term survival of the population, and considering the presence of source-sink dynamics will help inform

text: conservation

text: decisions.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: low quality

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: average allows the population to increase.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: sink,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: how a low quality patch might affect a population.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ecological trap theory

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: ecological trap theory

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: sink, the sink population can persist indefinitely.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: sink, the sink population can persist indefinitely.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the sink population can persist indefinitely.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: source-sink model

text: Previous research on the Plastic Patch had mostly focused on the effects of the plastic pieces on jellyfish, fish, sea turtles, and seabirds.  Relatively little was known about how this type of marine debris would affect the microbial communities that make up 98% of the biomass in the ocean and control oceanic biogeochemistry. During this cruise, 30 sites were sampled.  At 15 of these sites, a modified surface net called a manta trawl was used to collect plastic pieces, while water samples were collected from the upper 200 meters of the ocean.  At the other 15 stations, only the surface waters were sampled.  This study will allow researchers to begin to determine whether biofilms are forming on the plastic particles, whether the microbes living on the particles are different from the free-living planktonic organisms, and what effect these communities might have on the oceanic carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle.

text: Previous research on the Plastic Patch had mostly focused on the effects of the plastic pieces on

text: jellyfish

text: fish

text: sea turtles

text: , and

text: seabirds

text: .  Relatively little was known about how this type of

text: marine debris

text: would affect the microbial communities that make up 98% of the

text: biomass

text: in the ocean and control oceanic biogeochemistry. During this cruise, 30 sites were sampled.  At 15 of these sites, a modified surface net called a

text: manta trawl

text: was used to collect plastic pieces, while water samples were collected from the upper 200 meters of the ocean.  At the other 15 stations, only the surface waters were sampled.  This study will allow researchers to begin to determine whether

text: biofilms

text: are forming on the plastic particles, whether the microbes living on the particles are different from the free-living

text: planktonic

text: organisms, and what effect these communities might have on the oceanic

text: carbon cycle

text: and

text: nitrogen cycle

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 98%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Plastic Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: biofilms are forming on the plastic particles

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 98%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Relatively little was known about how this type of marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: how this type of marine debris would affect the microbial communities

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Plastic Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 98%

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: microbial communities

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic pieces,

text: Community tolerance can be used as indicator for determining if a toxicant has a disturbance on an exposed community for multiple types of organisms. Tolerance of a toxicant can increase by three ways; physiological adaptation also known as the phenotypic plasticity of an individual, tolerant genotypes selected within a population over time, and the replacement of species with more tolerant ones within a community. Physiological adaptation, or phenotypic plasticity, is the ability of an individual organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. This can occur with huge variance between the type of organism and the type of the disturbance they experience. Natural selection that occurs over several generations causes an entire population to exhibit specific selection of genotypes. Overtime, tolerant genotypes can be selected over non tolerant ones and can cause a shift in a population’s genome. Natural selection can also cause a replacement of less tolerant species with more tolerant species. All of these aspects can alter a communities’ structure drastically and if a toxicant can be identified as the culprit, action can take place to prevent that toxicant from further accumulating . PICT can be used for linkage between cause and effect of the toxicants due to the structure of a community that has survived the event also known as toxicant-induced succession (TIS). Toxicant-Induced succession would be the development of more tolerant generations once a chemical was introduced into the environment.

text: Community tolerance can be used as indicator for determining if a

text: toxicant

text: has a

text: disturbance

text: on an exposed community for multiple types of

text: organisms

text: . Tolerance of a toxicant can increase by three ways; physiological adaptation also known as the phenotypic plasticity of an individual, tolerant genotypes selected within a population over time, and the replacement of species with more tolerant ones within a community. Physiological adaptation, or phenotypic plasticity, is the ability of an individual organism to change its

text: phenotype

text: in response to changes in the environment. This can occur with huge variance between the type of organism and the type of the disturbance they experience.

text: Natural selection

text: that occurs over several generations causes an entire population to exhibit specific selection of genotypes. Overtime, tolerant genotypes can be selected over non tolerant ones and can cause a shift in a population’s

text: genome

text: . Natural selection can also cause a replacement of less tolerant species with more tolerant species. All of these aspects can alter a communities’ structure drastically and if a toxicant can be identified as the culprit, action can take place to prevent that toxicant from further accumulating . PICT can be used for linkage between cause and effect of the toxicants due to the structure of a community that has survived the event also known as toxicant-induced succession (TIS). Toxicant-Induced succession would be the development of more tolerant generations once a chemical was introduced into the environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxicants

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be used to prevent that toxicant from further accumulating

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicant-induced succession

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: multiple types of organisms.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxicant

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a toxicant

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxicant-Induced succession

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxicant-induced succession

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Natural selection

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: phenotypic plasticity,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: a toxicant

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Tolerance of a toxicant

text: Like the other gyres, it contains a garbage patch. A garbage patch is a suspended region of marine debris within the water column that circulate the gyre constantly. The Indian Ocean’s garbage patch covers a massive area: at least five million square kilometers (two million square miles).  As garbage patches such as these circulate for long periods of time, they cause inorganic toxins to enter the food chain due to solar breakdown of plastics in the water. In the Indian Ocean gyre, the garbage patch has been more of a mystery. Having just been discovered in 2010, it is still under research. It is known, however, that like most garbage patches, it is very fluid, and changes with the seasons, making its location difficult to pinpoint. It seems to circulate with the Indian Ocean gyre, from the Australian side to the African side, down the African coast, and then back to Australia. According to the team who discovered the garbage patch, the full rotation of the gyre’s garbage patch takes about six years, until it reaches the center of the gyre, where it may remain indefinitely.

text: Like the other gyres, it contains a

text: garbage patch

text: . A garbage patch is a suspended region of marine debris within the

text: water column

text: that circulate the gyre constantly. The Indian Ocean’s garbage patch covers a massive area: at least five million square kilometers (two million square miles).  As garbage patches such as these circulate for long periods of time, they cause inorganic toxins to enter the

text: food chain

text: due to solar breakdown of

text: plastics in the water

text: . In the Indian Ocean gyre, the

text: garbage patch

text: has been more of a mystery. Having just been discovered in 2010, it is still under research. It is known, however, that like most garbage patches, it is very fluid, and changes with the seasons, making its location difficult to pinpoint. It seems to circulate with the Indian Ocean gyre, from the Australian side to the African side, down the African coast, and then back to Australia. According to the team who discovered the garbage patch, the full rotation of the gyre’s garbage patch takes about six years, until it reaches the center of the gyre, where it may remain indefinitely.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: two million square miles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: solar breakdown of plastics in the water

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: inorganic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: solar breakdown of plastics in the water

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (two million square miles).

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: solar breakdown of plastics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: inorganic toxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: inorganic toxins to enter the food chain

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: six years,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: five million square kilometers

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: solar breakdown

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage patch.

text: About 18 percent of litter, usually traveling through stormwater systems, ends up in local streams, rivers, and waterways. Uncollected litter can accrete and flow into streams, local bays and estuaries. Litter in the ocean either washes up on beaches or collects in Ocean gyres such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. About 80 percent of marine debris comes from land-based sources.

text: About 18 percent of litter, usually traveling through

text: stormwater

text: systems, ends up in local streams, rivers, and waterways. Uncollected litter can accrete and flow into

text: streams

text: , local

text: bays

text: and

text: estuaries

text: . Litter in the ocean either washes up on beaches or collects in

text: Ocean gyre

text: s such as the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . About 80 percent of

text: marine debris

text: comes from land-based sources.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land-based

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Litter in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: uncollected litter can accrete

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land-based sources.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: In the Pacific, there are two mass buildups: the western garbage patch and the eastern garbage patch, the former off the coast of Japan and the latter between Hawaii and California. The two garbage patches are both part of the great Pacific garbage patch, and are connected through a section of plastic debris off the northern coast of the Hawaiian islands. It is approximated that these garbage patches contain 100 million tons of debris. The waste is not compact, and although most of it is near the surface of the pacific, it can be found up to more than 100 feet deep in the water.

text: In the Pacific, there are two mass buildups: the western garbage patch and the eastern garbage patch, the former off the coast of Japan and the latter between

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: California

text: . The two garbage patches are both part of the

text: great Pacific garbage patch

text: , and are connected through a section of plastic debris off the northern coast of the

text: Hawaiian islands

text: . It is approximated that these garbage patches contain 100 million tons of debris. The waste is not compact, and although most of it is near the surface of the pacific, it can be found up to more than 100 feet deep in the water.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: It is approximated that these garbage patches contain 100 million tons of debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The waste is not compact

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: it can be found up to more than 100 feet deep in the water.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic debris off the northern coast of the Hawaiian islands.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It is approximated that these garbage patches contain 100 million tons of debris.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 100 million tons of debris.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The waste is not compact,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: it can be found up to more than 100 feet deep in the water.

text: Despite being named one of Rolling Stones Top 10 Albums of The Year, Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003, but regrouped to complete fourth album Bleed Like Me in 2005, peaking at a career-high #4 in the U.S. The band cut short their concert tour in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus", emphasizing that they had not broken up, but wished to pursue personal interests. In 2006, Vig returned to producing while Manson worked on a solo album (as yet unreleased). Garbage ended their hiatus in 2007, and released greatest hits retrospective Absolute Garbage. Worldwide, the band have sold over 17 million albums. The band got back together in 2010 and began recording their new album, Not Your Kind of People, which was released internationally on May 14, 2012. This was followed by Strange Little Birds, released on June 10, 2016.

text: Despite being named one of

text: Rolling Stone

text: s Top 10 Albums of The Year, Garbage's 2001 third album

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003, but regrouped to complete fourth album

text: Bleed Like Me

text: in 2005, peaking at a career-high #4 in the U.S. The band cut short their

text: concert tour

text: in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus", emphasizing that they had not broken up, but wished to pursue personal interests. In 2006, Vig returned to producing while Manson worked on a

text: solo album

text: (as yet unreleased). Garbage ended their hiatus in 2007, and released

text: greatest hits

text: retrospective

text: Absolute Garbage

text: . Worldwide, the band have sold over 17 million albums. The band got back together in 2010 and began recording their new album,

text: Not Your Kind of People

text: , which was released internationally on May 14, 2012. This was followed by

text: Strange Little Birds

text: , released on June 10, 2016.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage quietly disbanded in late 2003

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: #4 in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Manson

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Strange Little Birds, released on June 10, 2016.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Not Your Kind of People,

text: Neustons, broadly defined, are made up of some species of fish (see flying fish), beetles (see whirligig beetle), protozoans, bacteria and spiders (see fishing spider and diving bell spider).  Collembola in the genera Podura and Sminthurides are almost exclusively neustonic, while Hypogastrura species often aggregate on pond surfaces.  A water strider, Gerris, is a common example of an insect that supports its weight on water's surface tension. By extension, the term may also refer to non-organismal floating aggregations (see, e.g., Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

text: Neustons, broadly defined, are made up of some species of

text: fish

text: (see

text: flying fish

text: beetle

text: s (see

text: whirligig beetle

text: protozoans

text: bacteria

text: and

text: spiders

text: (see

text: fishing spider

text: and

text: diving bell spider

text: Collembola

text: in the genera Podura and Sminthurides are almost exclusively neustonic, while Hypogastrura species often aggregate on pond surfaces.  A

text: water strider

text: Gerris

text: , is a common example of an insect that supports its weight on water's

text: surface tension

text: . By extension, the term may also refer to non-organismal floating aggregations (see, e.g.,

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-organismal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: By extension, the term may also refer to non-organismal floating aggregations

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-organismal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: non-organismal floating aggregations

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch).

text: Trash is a street gang made up of superhuman youths, and was originally employed by a man named the Garbage Man. The original lineup of Trash included Airhead, Blasting Cap, Brute, Crazy Legs, and Razor Cut. The Garbage Man employed the gang to run drugs to his various crackhouses. On one such mission, Trash encountered and fought Power Pack. Trash allowed the young heroes to follow them back to the Garbage Man’s headquarters, hoping to trap them. Trash and Garbage Man beat and captured Power Pack, and Garbage Man ordered the gang to kill the members of Power Pack with a lethal overdose of drugs. When Trash refused, they were forced to fight their criminal employer, and they freed Power Pack to help. Blasting Cap blew up the Garbage Man’s warehouse, but the members of Trash assumed that he had escaped and would find them later. Despite a hefty admonishing by Power Pack, and scarred by their bad experiences with society as they were, Trash surmised that becoming heroes like Power Pack was no option for them.

text: Trash is a street gang made up of superhuman youths, and was originally employed by a man named the Garbage Man. The original lineup of Trash included Airhead, Blasting Cap, Brute, Crazy Legs, and Razor Cut. The Garbage Man employed the gang to run drugs to his various crackhouses. On one such mission, Trash encountered and fought

text: Power Pack

text: . Trash allowed the young heroes to follow them back to the Garbage Man’s headquarters, hoping to trap them. Trash and Garbage Man beat and captured Power Pack, and Garbage Man ordered the gang to kill the members of Power Pack with a lethal overdose of drugs. When Trash refused, they were forced to fight their criminal employer, and they freed Power Pack to help. Blasting Cap blew up the Garbage Man’s warehouse, but the members of Trash assumed that he had escaped and would find them later. Despite a hefty admonishing by Power Pack, and scarred by their bad experiences with society as they were, Trash surmised that becoming heroes like Power Pack was no option for them.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Man

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the Garbage Man's occupation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: drugs.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: drugs.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Power Pack.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Trash

text: Fishing has declined due to habitat degradation, overfishing, trawling, bycatch and climate change. Since the growth of global fishing enterprises after the 1950s, intensive fishing has spread from a few concentrated areas to encompass nearly all fisheries. The scraping of the ocean floor in bottom dragging is devastating to coral, sponges and other long-lived species that do not recover quickly. This destruction alters the functioning of the ecosystem and can permanently alter species composition and biodiversity. Bycatch, the capture of unintended species in the course of fishing, is typically returned to the ocean only to die from injuries or exposure. Bycatch represents about a quarter of all marine catch. In the case of shrimp capture, the bycatch is five times larger than the shrimp caught.

text: Fishing has declined due to

text: habitat degradation

text: overfishing

text: trawling

text: bycatch

text: and

text: climate change

text: . Since the growth of global fishing enterprises after the 1950s, intensive fishing has spread from a few concentrated areas to encompass nearly all fisheries. The scraping of the ocean floor in

text: bottom dragging

text: is devastating to

text: coral

text: sponges

text: and other long-lived species that do not recover quickly. This destruction alters the functioning of the ecosystem and can permanently alter species composition and biodiversity.

text: Bycatch

text: , the capture of unintended species in the course of fishing, is typically returned to the ocean only to die from injuries or exposure. Bycatch represents about a quarter of all marine catch. In the case of

text: shrimp

text: capture, the bycatch is five times larger than the shrimp caught.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a quarter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: bycatch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: bycatch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bycatch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a quarter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Bycatch,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bycatch represents about a quarter of all marine catch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bycatch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Bycatch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Fishing has declined due to habitat degradation, overfishing,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Bycatch represents about a quarter of all marine catch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The scraping of the ocean floor in bottom dragging

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Bycatch represents about a quarter of all marine catch.

text: Polypropylene has been used in hernia and pelvic organ prolapse repair operations to protect the body from new hernias in the same location. A small patch of the material is placed over the spot of the hernia, below the skin, and is painless and rarely, if ever, rejected by the body. However, a polypropylene mesh will erode the tissue surrounding it over the uncertain period from days to years. Therefore, the FDA has issued several warnings on the use of polypropylene mesh medical kits for certain applications in pelvic organ prolapse, specifically when introduced in close proximity to the vaginal wall due to a continued increase in number of mesh-driven tissue erosions reported by patients over the past few years. Most recently, on 3 January 2012, the FDA ordered 35 manufacturers of these mesh products to study the side effects of these devices.

text: Polypropylene has been used in

text: hernia

text: and pelvic organ prolapse repair operations to protect the body from new hernias in the same location. A small patch of the material is placed over the spot of the hernia, below the skin, and is painless and rarely, if ever, rejected by the body. However, a polypropylene mesh will erode the tissue surrounding it over the uncertain period from days to years. Therefore, the FDA has issued several warnings on the use of polypropylene mesh medical kits for certain applications in pelvic organ prolapse, specifically when introduced in close proximity to the vaginal wall due to a continued increase in number of mesh-driven tissue erosions reported by patients over the past few years. Most recently, on 3 January 2012, the FDA ordered 35 manufacturers of these mesh products to study the side effects of these devices.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Polypropylene has been used in hernia and pelvic organ prolapse repair operations

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: polypropylene mesh will erode the tissue surrounding it

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: days to years.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Polypropylene

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: a polypropylene mesh will erode the tissue

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Polypropylene

text: To study the scale of the marine debris accumulation in the area, the Sea Education Association (SEA) has been doing extensive research on the Atlantic Garbage Patch. Nearly 7,000 students from the SEA semester program have been dragging 6,100 fine-mesh nets through the Atlantic over 22 years. The gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean contains plastic marine pollution in a pattern and amount similar to what has been found in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: To study the scale of the marine debris accumulation in the area, the

text: Sea Education Association

text: (SEA) has been doing extensive research on the Atlantic Garbage Patch. Nearly 7,000 students from the SEA semester program have been dragging 6,100 fine-mesh nets through the Atlantic over 22 years. The gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean contains plastic marine pollution in a pattern and amount similar to what has been found in the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: North Atlantic Ocean contains plastic marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean contains plastic marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: This release is known to have a patched cut in the original soundboard tapes. If certain soundboards are missing parts of a song those creating the release will attempt to patch the cut if possible. Sometimes this is from an audience source or from an entirely different show. Unfortunately there is no database for these fixed soundboards and hence is up to the listeners to stumble upon such a discovery. Track 4 on Disc 3, Truckin, contains a patch from the Truckin recorded on 1978-01-31. The patch from 1978-01-31 starts at ~2:00 and ends at ~3:40 on the official release.

text: This release is known to have a patched cut in the original

text: soundboard tapes

text: . If certain soundboards are missing parts of a song those creating the release will attempt to patch the cut if possible. Sometimes this is from an audience source or from an entirely different show. Unfortunately there is no database for these fixed soundboards and hence is up to the listeners to stumble upon such a discovery. Track 4 on Disc 3, Truckin, contains a patch from the Truckin recorded on 1978-01-31. The patch from 1978-01-31 starts at ~2:00 and ends at ~3:40 on the official release.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Plastic in the Ocean"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1978-01-31.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: 1978-01-31.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Truckin,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: 1978-01-31.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: patched cut in the original soundboard tapes.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1978-01-31.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1978-01-31.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Unfortunately there is no database for these fixed soundboards

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: patched cut in the original soundboard tapes.

text: Among Topps' most notable achievements in the area of satire and parody have been Wacky Packages, a takeoff on various household consumer products, and Garbage Pail Kids, a parody of the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls. Another popular series was the Civil War News set, also with Norman Saunders' artwork.

text: Among Topps' most notable achievements in the area of satire and

text: parody

text: have been

text: Wacky Packages

text: , a takeoff on various household consumer products, and

text: Garbage Pail Kids

text: , a parody of the

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: dolls. Another popular series was the

text: Civil War News

text: set, also with Norman Saunders' artwork.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: household consumer products, and Garbage Pail Kids,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: household consumer products,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Wacky Packages, a takeoff on various household consumer products,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Pail Kids,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage Pail Kids,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Wacky Packages,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: a takeoff on various household consumer products,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage Pail Kids,

text: In the same way that his granddaughter, Susan, has been described as "Helpfulness Personified" in terms of her personality, Death, by his own admission, could very well be described as 'Duty Personified' in terms of personality; in Hogfather, in a discussion with Albert, Death comments  He does not cause people to die, nor does he concern himself with their goodness or badness in life; it is simply his job to collect their souls at the appointed time. Somewhat like a garbage man making his rounds emptying the trash cans, Death performs a vital but thankless task.

text: In the same way that his granddaughter, Susan, has been described as "Helpfulness Personified" in terms of her personality, Death, by his own admission, could very well be described as 'Duty Personified' in terms of personality; in Hogfather, in a discussion with Albert, Death comments  He does not cause people to die, nor does he concern himself with their goodness or badness in life; it is simply his job to collect their souls at the appointed time. Somewhat like a garbage man making his rounds emptying the trash cans, Death performs a vital but thankless task.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Death performs a vital but thankless task

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash cans,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Death

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash cans,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: die,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Death performs a vital but thankless task.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Death performs a vital but thankless task.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Helpfulness Personified" in terms of her personality, Death,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: die,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Helpfulness Personified"

text: “Taking care of the world's ocean garbage problem is one of the largest environmental challenges mankind faces today,” Slat stated in a blog post. “Not only will this first cleanup array contribute to cleaner waters and coasts but it simultaneously is an essential step towards our goal of cleaning up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This deployment will enable us to study the system's efficiency and durability over time.”

text: “Taking care of the world's ocean garbage problem is one of the largest environmental challenges mankind faces today,” Slat stated in a blog post. “Not only will this first cleanup array contribute to cleaner waters and coasts but it simultaneously is an essential step towards our goal of cleaning up the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . This deployment will enable us to study the system's efficiency and durability over time.”

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: one of the largest environmental challenges mankind faces today,”

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: Motor vehicles are a constant source of pollutants, the most significant being gasoline, motor oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals. (PAHs are found in combustion byproducts of gasoline, as well as in asphalt and coal tar-based sealants used to maintain parking lots.) Many parking lots are also significant sources of trash which ends up in waterways.

text: Motor vehicles are a constant source of pollutants, the most significant being

text: gasoline

text: motor oil

text: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

text: (PAHs), and

text: heavy metals

text: . (PAHs are found in combustion byproducts of gasoline, as well as in asphalt and

text: coal tar

text: -based

text: sealant

text: s used to maintain parking lots.) Many parking lots are also significant sources of

text: trash

text: which ends up in waterways.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: parking lots

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are significant sources of trash which ends up in waterways

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PAHs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waterways.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: parking lots

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Many parking lots are also significant sources of trash which ends up in waterways.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Motor vehicles

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: waterways.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Motor vehicles

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Many parking lots are also significant sources of trash which ends up in waterways.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many parking lots are also significant sources of trash which ends up in waterways.

text: It is more difficult to determine the toxicity of chemical mixtures than a pure chemical, because each component displays its own toxicity, and components may interact to produce enhanced or diminished effects. Common mixtures include gasoline, cigarette smoke, and industrial waste.  Even more complex are situations with more than one type of toxic entity, such as the discharge from a malfunctioning sewage treatment plant, with both chemical and biological agents.

text: It is more difficult to determine the toxicity of chemical mixtures than a pure chemical, because each component displays its own toxicity, and components may interact to produce enhanced or diminished effects. Common mixtures include

text: gasoline

text: cigarette smoke

text: , and

text: industrial waste

text: .  Even more complex are situations with more than one type of toxic entity, such as the discharge from a malfunctioning sewage treatment plant, with both chemical and biological agents.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: industrial waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: industrial waste

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical mixtures

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: industrial waste.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial waste.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: industrial waste.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: gasoline, cigarette smoke,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: gasoline, cigarette smoke, and industrial waste.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: It is more difficult to determine the toxicity of chemical mixtures

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: It is more difficult to determine the toxicity of chemical mixtures

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: each component displays its own toxicity,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Common mixtures include gasoline, cigarette smoke, and industrial waste.

text: This gyre is similar to the North Pacific Gyre in the way it traps man-made marine debris in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch, similar to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in the North Pacific.

text: This gyre is similar to the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: in the way it traps man-made

text: marine debris

text: in the

text: North Atlantic Garbage Patch

text: , similar to the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: in the North

text: Pacific

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: man-made marine debris in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Atlantic Garbage Patch,

text: An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the antifolates that interfere with the use of folic acid. The presence of antimetabolites can have toxic effects on cells, such as halting cell growth and cell division, so these compounds are used as chemotherapy for cancer.

text: An antimetabolite is a chemical that

text: inhibits

text: the use of a

text: metabolite

text: , which is another chemical that is part of normal

text: metabolism

text: . Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the

text: antifolate

text: s that interfere with the use of

text: folic acid

text: . The presence of antimetabolites can have toxic effects on cells, such as halting

text: cell growth

text: and

text: cell division

text: , so these compounds are used as

text: chemotherapy

text: for cancer.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: antimetabolites

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can have toxic effects on cells

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: antimetabolites

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: An antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: An antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: An antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: An antimetabolite

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: halting cell growth and cell division,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: An antimetabolite

text: In July 2015 Topps released the 30th anniversary series it had 110 a and b cards (220 cards total). The numbering differed from previous series instead of going from 1-110AB it had several themed subsets each of which started at 1 a and b the subsets were checklist cards featuring variations of adam bomb 1-2ab, Adam Bomb don't push my button featuring classic GPK characters pressing Adam Bombs button 1-10ab, Artistic Impression featuring historical art as GPK characters 1-10ab, Artistic interpretation featuring characters drawn by guest artists 1-5ab, Comic book covers featuring art from the comic books 1-7ab, Cutting room floor featuring rejected concepts 1-5ab, Garbage pail kids kids featuring the children of classic Garbage pail kids characters 1-10ab, Garbage pail pets featuring animals as garbage pail kids 1-10ab, Garbage pail presidents featuring 10 former US presidents as Garbage pail kids 1-10ab, Lost original art featuring the original art which was never published of classic GPK 1-6ab, Zoom out featuring zoom outs of garbage pail kids showing what happened in the background 1-10ab  and 80s spoofs featuring spoof of things that were popular in the 80s 1-25ab

text: In July 2015 Topps released the 30th anniversary series it had 110 a and b cards (220 cards total). The numbering differed from previous series instead of going from 1-110AB it had several themed subsets each of which started at 1 a and b the subsets were checklist cards featuring variations of adam bomb 1-2ab, Adam Bomb don't push my button featuring classic GPK characters pressing Adam Bombs button 1-10ab, Artistic Impression featuring historical art as GPK characters 1-10ab, Artistic interpretation featuring characters drawn by guest artists 1-5ab, Comic book covers featuring art from the comic books 1-7ab, Cutting room floor featuring rejected concepts 1-5ab, Garbage pail kids kids featuring the children of classic Garbage pail kids characters 1-10ab, Garbage pail pets featuring animals as garbage pail kids 1-10ab, Garbage pail presidents featuring 10 former US presidents as Garbage pail kids 1-10ab, Lost original art featuring the original art which was never published of classic GPK 1-6ab, Zoom out featuring zoom outs of garbage pail kids showing what happened in the background 1-10ab  and 80s spoofs featuring spoof of things that were popular in the 80s 1-25ab

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10ab

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage pail pets

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 1-10ab

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage pail pets

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage pail pets

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage pail kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage pail kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: adam bomb

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Topps

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1-2ab, Adam Bomb don't push my button

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Adam Bomb don't push my button

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage pail kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 80s spoofs

text: There are many kinds of toxicity tests widely accepted in the scientific literature and regulatory agencies. The type of test used depends on many factors:  Specific regulatory agency conducting the test, resources available, physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, type of toxicant, test species available, laboratory vs. field testing, end-point selection, and time and resources available to conduct the assays are some of the most common influencing factors on test design.

text: There are many kinds of toxicity tests widely accepted in the scientific literature and regulatory agencies. The type of test used depends on many factors:  Specific regulatory agency conducting the test, resources available, physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, type of toxicant, test species available, laboratory vs. field testing, end-point selection, and time and resources available to conduct the assays are some of the most common influencing factors on test design.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxicant

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: type of toxicant

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical characteristics of the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: laboratory vs. field testing,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: type of toxicant,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxicity tests

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: type of toxicant,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: type of toxicant,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: time and resources available to conduct the assays

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: laboratory vs. field testing,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: type of toxicant,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: There are many kinds of toxicity tests

text: Poisonous compounds may be useful either for their toxicity, or, more often, because of another chemical property, such as specific chemical reactivity. Poisons are widely used in industry and agriculture, as chemical reagents, solvents or complexing reagents, e.g. carbon monoxide, methanol and sodium cyanide, respectively. They are less common in household use, with occasional exceptions such as ammonia and methanol. For instance, phosgene is a highly reactive nucleophile acceptor, which makes it an excellent reagent for polymerizing diols and diamines to produce polycarbonate and polyurethane plastics. For this use, millions of tons are produced annually. However, the same reactivity makes it also highly reactive towards proteins in human tissue and thus highly toxic. In fact, phosgene has been used as a chemical weapon. It can be contrasted with mustard gas, which has only been produced for chemical weapons uses, as it has no particular industrial use.

text: Poisonous compounds may be useful either for their toxicity, or, more often, because of another chemical property, such as specific chemical reactivity. Poisons are widely used in industry and agriculture, as chemical reagents, solvents or complexing reagents, e.g.

text: carbon monoxide

text: methanol

text: and

text: sodium cyanide

text: , respectively. They are less common in household use, with occasional exceptions such as

text: ammonia

text: and

text: methanol

text: . For instance,

text: phosgene

text: is a highly reactive

text: nucleophile

text: acceptor, which makes it an excellent reagent for polymerizing

text: diol

text: s and

text: diamine

text: s to produce

text: polycarbonate

text: and

text: polyurethane

text: plastics. For this use, millions of tons are produced annually. However, the same reactivity makes it also highly reactive towards proteins in human tissue and thus highly toxic. In fact, phosgene has been used as a

text: chemical weapon

text: . It can be contrasted with

text: mustard gas

text: , which has only been produced for chemical weapons uses, as it has no particular industrial use.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less common

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: polyurethane

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: polyurethane

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: polyurethane plastics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Poisonous compounds

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: polycarbonate and polyurethane plastics.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: polycarbonate and polyurethane plastics.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: phosgene

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: highly reactive towards proteins in human tissue

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Poisonous compounds

text: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil is a drug or a collection of symptoms associated with injecting toxic chemical by-products of home drug chemistry, but since desomorphine is one of hundreds of known opiates in a chemical family with no association to the symptoms, it is much more likely that the drug is a set of symptoms associated with the injection of household chemicals, rather than a specific drug itself. A comparison could be made to the effects of methanol poisoning from illicitly produced alcohol during the U.S. prohibition. Methanol was sometimes added to the distillate to enhance profits. Similarly, it is likely that krokodil is not a drug in itself, but rather, the symptoms of injecting toxic chemicals used in the process and not removed due to the crude process and lack of testing equipment.

text: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil is a drug or a collection of symptoms associated with injecting toxic chemical by-products of home drug chemistry, but since desomorphine is one of hundreds of known opiates in a chemical family with no association to the symptoms, it is much more likely that the drug is a set of symptoms associated with the injection of household chemicals, rather than a specific drug itself. A comparison could be made to the effects of methanol poisoning from illicitly produced alcohol during the U.S. prohibition. Methanol was sometimes added to the distillate to enhance profits. Similarly, it is likely that krokodil is not a drug in itself, but rather, the symptoms of injecting toxic chemicals used in the process and not removed due to the crude process and lack of testing equipment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: household

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: desomorphine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic chemical

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: krokodil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: krokodil

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: crude process and lack of testing equipment.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: More research is needed to fully define whether krokodil

text: Biological oceanography  is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system. Biological oceanography mostly focuses on the microorganisms within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem. Biological oceanography is similar to marine biology, but is different because of the perspective used to study the ocean. Biological oceanography takes a bottom up approach (in terms of the food web), while marine biology studies the ocean from a top down perspective. Biological oceanography mainly focuses on the ecosystem of the ocean with an emphasis on plankton: their diversity (morphology, nutritional sources, motility, and metabolism); their productivity and how that plays a role in the global carbon cycle; and their distribution (predation and life cycle). Biological oceanography also investigates the role of microbes in food webs, and how humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

text: Biological oceanography  is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the

text: physics

text: chemistry

text: , and

text: geology

text: of the

text: oceanographic system

text: . Biological oceanography mostly focuses on the

text: microorganism

text: s within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem. Biological oceanography is similar to

text: marine biology

text: , but is different because of the perspective used to study the ocean. Biological oceanography takes a bottom up approach (in terms of the food web), while marine biology studies the ocean from a top down perspective. Biological oceanography mainly focuses on the ecosystem of the ocean with an emphasis on plankton: their diversity (morphology, nutritional sources, motility, and metabolism); their productivity and how that plays a role in the global carbon cycle; and their distribution (predation and life cycle). Biological oceanography also investigates the role of microbes in food webs, and how humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: human impact the ecosystems in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: humans impact the ecosystems

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon cycle;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: humans impact the ecosystems in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Biological oceanography

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Biological oceanography

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Biological oceanography

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Biological oceanography

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ecosystem.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Biological oceanography

text: The sequence of events giving rise to this possible field defect are indicated below the photo.  The schematic diagram shows a large area in yellow indicating a large patch of mutant or epigenetically altered cells that formed by clonal expansion of an initial cell based on a selective advantage.  Within this first large patch, a second such mutation or epigenetic alteration may have occurred so that a given stem cell acquired an additional selective advantage compared to the other stem cells within the patch, and this altered stem cell expanded clonally forming a secondary patch, or sub-clone, within the original patch. This is indicated in the diagram by four smaller patches of different colors within the large yellow original area. Within these new patches (sub-clones), the process may have been repeated multiple times, indicated by the still smaller patches within the four secondary patches (with still different colors in the diagram) which clonally expanded, until a stem cell arose that generated either small polyps (which may be benign neoplasms) or else a malignant neoplasm (cancer). These neoplasms are also indicated, in the diagram below the photo, by 4 small tan circles (polyps) and a larger red area (cancer).  The cancer in the photo occurred in the cecal area of the colon, where the colon joins the small intestine (labeled) and where the appendix occurs (labeled).  The fat in the photo is external to the outer wall of the colon.  In the segment of colon shown here, the colon was cut open lengthwise to expose the inner surface of the colon and to display the cancer and polyps occurring within the inner epithelial lining of the colon.

text: The sequence of events giving rise to this possible field defect are indicated below the photo.  The schematic diagram shows a large area in yellow indicating a large patch of mutant or epigenetically altered cells that formed by clonal expansion of an initial cell based on a selective advantage.  Within this first large patch, a second such mutation or epigenetic alteration may have occurred so that a given stem cell acquired an additional selective advantage compared to the other stem cells within the patch, and this altered stem cell expanded clonally forming a secondary patch, or sub-clone, within the original patch. This is indicated in the diagram by four smaller patches of different colors within the large yellow original area. Within these new patches (sub-clones), the process may have been repeated multiple times, indicated by the still smaller patches within the four secondary patches (with still different colors in the diagram) which clonally expanded, until a stem cell arose that generated either small polyps (which may be benign

text: neoplasm

text: s) or else a malignant neoplasm (cancer). These neoplasms are also indicated, in the diagram below the photo, by 4 small tan circles (polyps) and a larger red area (cancer).  The cancer in the photo occurred in the

text: cecal

text: area of the colon, where the colon joins the small intestine (labeled) and where the

text: appendix

text: occurs (labeled).  The fat in the photo is external to the outer wall of the colon.  In the segment of colon shown here, the colon was cut open lengthwise to expose the inner surface of the colon and to display the cancer and polyps occurring within the inner epithelial lining of the colon.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: polyps

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (cancer).

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: (cancer).

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: photo.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: (cancer).

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: a malignant neoplasm (cancer).

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the colon joins the small intestine

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: neoplasms

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: (polyps)

text: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) in the field of computer science or information and communications technology refers to the fact that computers, since they operate by logical processes, will unquestioningly process unintended, even nonsensical, input data ("garbage in") and produce undesired, often nonsensical, output ("garbage out"). The principle applies to other fields as well.

text: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) in the field of

text: computer science

text: or

entity_name: Information and communications technology

text: information and communications technology

text: refers to the fact that

text: computer

text: s, since they operate by logical processes, will unquestioningly process unintended, even nonsensical, input data ("garbage in") and produce undesired, often nonsensical, output ("garbage out"). The principle applies to other fields as well.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: GIGO

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage out

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage out

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: nonsensical,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage in, garbage out

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage in, garbage out

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: nonsensical,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

text: Almost 90% of plastic debris that pollutes ocean water, which translates to 5.6 million tons, comes from ocean-based sources. Merchant ships expel cargo, sewage, used medical equipment, and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean. Naval and research vessels also eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary. Pleasure crafts also release fishing gear and other types of waste. These different ships do not have enough storage space to keep these pollutants on the ship, and thus they are discarded. These plastic items can also accidentally end up in the water through negligent handling. The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded fishing gear, responsible for up to 90% of plastic debris in some areas. This equipment includes a variety of traps and nets.

text: Almost 90% of plastic debris that pollutes ocean water, which translates to 5.6 million tons, comes from ocean-based sources. Merchant ships expel cargo, sewage, used medical equipment, and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean. Naval and research vessels also eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary. Pleasure crafts also release fishing gear and other types of waste. These different ships do not have enough storage space to keep these pollutants on the ship, and thus they are discarded. These plastic items can also accidentally end up in the water through negligent handling. The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded fishing gear, responsible for up to 90% of plastic debris in some areas. This equipment includes a variety of traps and nets.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5.6 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 90% of plastic debris that pollutes ocean water

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sewage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: discarded fishing gear

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5.6 million tons,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: discarded fishing gear,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Almost 90% of plastic debris that pollutes ocean water,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sewage,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: discarded fishing gear,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 5.6 million tons, comes from ocean-based sources.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 5.6 million tons,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: negligent handling.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: discarded fishing gear,

text: An early geoengineering idea was to use pale coloured floating litter within certain stable oceanic gyres. This litter would tend to group into large and stable areas, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: An early

text: geoengineering

text: idea was to use pale coloured floating

text: litter

text: within certain stable

text: oceanic gyre

text: s. This litter would tend to group into large and stable areas, such as the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pale coloured floating litter

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically. Intuitively, a patch B depends on another patch A if A provides the content that B modifies. This means that patches that modify different parts of the code are considered, by default, independent. To address cases when this is not desirable, Darcs enables the user to specify explicit dependencies between patches.

text: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically. Intuitively, a patch B depends on another patch A if A provides the content that B modifies. This means that patches that modify different parts of the code are considered, by default, independent. To address cases when this is not desirable, Darcs enables the user to specify explicit dependencies between patches.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: patch B

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: patch B

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch B depends on patch A

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: patch A

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: patch B depends on patch A

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: patch B depends on patch A

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: patch B depends on patch A

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: patch B depends on patch A

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: A

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: patches

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: B

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dependency between patches

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.

text: The beach is an accumulation zone for plastic trash. The debris is forced onto the beach by constant trade winds and converging ocean currents.

text: The beach is an accumulation zone for

text: plastic

text: trash. The debris is forced onto the beach by constant

text: trade wind

text: s and converging

text: ocean current

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be found in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: constant trade winds and converging ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic trash.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The beach is an accumulation zone for plastic trash.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trade winds and converging ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: trade winds and converging ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: constant trade winds and converging ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: converging ocean currents.

text: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches which combine official patches together, which are only available online or as small incremental patches.

text: Another variant of unofficial patches are

text: slipstream

text: like patches which combine official patches together, which are only available online or as small incremental patches.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unofficial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: only available online or as small incremental patches.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Another variant of unofficial patches are slipstream like patches

text: It was originally thought that the unburned patches underneath the bodies indicated they had suffocated for lack of air before the fire caught them. This is another fallacy. In modern fire science, the unburned patches are called protected areas. The firefighters' bodies protected these areas by shielding from the intense thermal radiation, by keeping out hot gases, and absorbing heat. All of these factors kept the grass and forest litter unburned where they were laying. It is now known that death by smoke and toxic gas inhalation, while common in structure fires because of the confined atmosphere, is virtually nonexistent among wildland fire fatalities.

text: It was originally thought that the unburned patches underneath the bodies indicated they had suffocated for lack of air before the fire caught them. This is another fallacy. In modern fire science, the unburned patches are called protected areas. The firefighters' bodies protected these areas by shielding from the intense thermal radiation, by keeping out hot gases, and absorbing heat. All of these factors kept the grass and forest litter unburned where they were laying. It is now known that death by smoke and toxic gas inhalation, while common in structure fires because of the confined atmosphere, is virtually nonexistent among wildland fire fatalities.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: forest litter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unburned

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: forest litter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: forest litter

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: grass and forest litter unburned

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: gas

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: death by smoke and toxic gas inhalation,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: litter

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: protected areas.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: death by smoke and toxic gas inhalation,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: protected areas.

text: There are a number of effects that occur when an organism is simultaneously exposed to two or more toxicants. These effects include additive effects, synergistic effects, potentiation effects, and antagonistic effects. An additive effect occurs when combined effect is equal to a combination or sum of the individual effects. A synergistic effect occurs when the combination of effects is much greater than the two individual effects added together. Potentiation is an effect that occurs when an individual chemical has no effect is added to a toxicant and the combination has a greater effect than just the toxicant alone. Finally, an antagonistic effect occurs when a combination of chemicals has less of an effect than the sum of their individual effects.

text: There are a number of effects that occur when an organism is simultaneously exposed to two or more toxicants. These effects include additive effects,

text: synergistic

text: effects,

text: potentiation

text: effects, and

text: antagonistic

text: effects. An additive effect occurs when combined effect is equal to a combination or sum of the individual effects. A synergistic effect occurs when the combination of effects is much greater than the two individual effects added together. Potentiation is an effect that occurs when an individual chemical has no effect is added to a toxicant and the combination has a greater effect than just the toxicant alone. Finally, an antagonistic effect occurs when a combination of chemicals has less of an effect than the sum of their individual effects.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: additive

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: synergistic effect

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: potentiation

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Potentiation

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: synergistic

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: synergistic effect

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: two individual effects added together. Potentiation

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: synergistic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: synergistic effect

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Potentiation

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: antagonistic effect

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: synergistic effect

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: synergistic effect

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: simultaneously exposed to two or more toxicants.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: synergistic effect

text: The Garbage tour was the first world concert tour cycle completed by American/Scottish alternative rock group Garbage, which took the band throughout North America, Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand in support of its self-titled debut album Garbage. For the duration of the tour, Garbage's touring line-up was augmented by Daniel Shulman, who had previously been a session musician for Run-D.M.C., on bass guitar. Samplers and MIDI controllers helped the bandmembers to unleash on stage the varied sounds that augmented the studio versions of the songs. Despite all the members of the group having racked up years of touring experience between them prior to forming, Garbage had no initial plans to tour their debut set; they changed their mind when they found that they enjoyed themselves while filming the music video for their debut single, "Vow". Director Samuel Bayer had encouraged the group to play the song live as he filmed them, rather than playing along to a backing track.

text: The Garbage tour was the first world

text: concert tour

text: cycle completed by American/Scottish

text: alternative rock

text: group

text: Garbage

text: , which took the band throughout North America, Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand in support of its self-titled debut album

text: Garbage

text: . For the duration of the tour, Garbage's touring line-up was augmented by

text: Daniel Shulman

text: , who had previously been a

text: session musician

text: for

text: Run-D.M.C.

text: , on

text: bass guitar

text: Samplers

text: and

text: MIDI controller

text: s helped the bandmembers to unleash on stage the varied sounds that augmented the studio versions of the songs. Despite all the members of the group having racked up years of touring experience between them prior to forming, Garbage had no initial plans to tour their debut set; they changed their mind when they found that they enjoyed themselves while filming the

text: music video

text: for their debut single, "

text: Vow

text: Director

text: Samuel Bayer

text: had encouraged the group to play the song live as he filmed them, rather than playing along to a

text: backing track

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage had no initial plans to tour their debut set; they changed their mind when they found that they enjoyed themselves while filming the music video for their debut single, "Vow".

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North America, Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: American/Scottish alternative rock group Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Run-D.M.C.,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Samplers and MIDI controllers

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North America, Europe, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage

text: Starting in the late 17th century, the Ashanti king Osei Tutu ( – 1717) and his advisor Okomfo Anokye, established the Ashanti Kingdom, with the Golden Stool of Asante as a sole unifying symbol. Osei Tutu oversaw a massive Ashanti territorial expansion, building up the army by introducing new organization and turning a disciplined royal and paramilitary army into an effective fighting machine. In 1701, the Ashanti army conquered Denkyira, giving the Ashanti access to the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean coastal trade with Europeans, notably the Dutch.

text: Starting in the late 17th century, the Ashanti king

text: Osei Tutu

text: ( – 1717) and his advisor

text: Okomfo Anokye

text: , established the Ashanti Kingdom, with the

text: Golden Stool

text: of Asante as a sole unifying symbol. Osei Tutu oversaw a massive Ashanti territorial expansion, building up the army by introducing new organization and turning a disciplined royal and paramilitary army into an effective fighting machine. In 1701, the Ashanti army conquered

text: Denkyira

text: , giving the Ashanti access to the

text: Gulf of Guinea

text: and the

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: coastal trade with Europeans, notably the

text: Dutch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Europeans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Atlantic Ocean coastal trade with Europeans, notably the Dutch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Gulf of Guinea

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Europeans,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Golden Stool

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Golden Stool

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1701,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Golden Stool of Asante as a sole unifying symbol.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Atlantic Ocean

text: In the late 2000s de Rothschild developed a mission to raise awareness of the Pacific Garbage Patch, in which he invented a new form of sustainable ship boat at a lab on Pier 31 in San Francisco, called the Plastiki. In March 2010, de Rothschild launched the boat, a  catamaran built from approximately 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles and a unique recyclable technology called Seretex. Seretex, which was developed by de Rothschild and his team, was meant to reuse PET in a novel way, finding new uses for a waste product. The Plastiki and its crew sailed over  across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. The evening before their journey began, de Rothschild and his skipper Jo Royle interviewed with CNN, quoting Mark Twain when asked how he felt in anticipation for the trip.

text: In the late 2000s de Rothschild developed a mission to raise awareness of the

text: Pacific Garbage Patch

text: , in which he invented a new form of sustainable ship boat at a lab on Pier 31 in San Francisco, called the

text: Plastiki

text: . In March 2010, de Rothschild launched the boat, a  catamaran built from approximately 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles and a unique recyclable technology called Seretex. Seretex, which was developed by de Rothschild and his team, was meant to reuse

text: PET

text: in a novel way, finding new uses for a waste product. The Plastiki and its crew sailed over  across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. The evening before their journey began, de Rothschild and his skipper Jo Royle interviewed with

text: CNN

text: , quoting

text: Mark Twain

text: when asked how he felt in anticipation for the trip.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PET

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PET

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch,

text: In most environmental situations the presence or absence of an organism is determined by a complex web of interactions only some of which will be related to measurable chemical or biological parameters. Flow rate, turbulence, inter and intra specific competition, feeding behaviour, disease, parasatism, commensalism and symbiosis are just a few of the pressures and opportunities facing any organism or population. Most chemical constituents favour some organisms and are less favourable to others. However, there are some cases where a chemical constituent exerts a toxic effect. i.e. where the concentration can kill or severely inhibit the normal functioning of the organism. Where a toxic effect has been demonstrated this may be noted in the sections below dealing with the individual parameters.

text: In most environmental situations the presence or absence of an organism is determined by a complex web of interactions only some of which will be related to measurable chemical or biological parameters. Flow rate, turbulence, inter and intra specific competition, feeding behaviour,

text: disease

text: parasatism

text: commensalism

text: and

text: symbiosis

text: are just a few of the pressures and opportunities facing any organism or population. Most chemical constituents favour some organisms and are less favourable to others. However, there are some cases where a chemical constituent exerts a toxic effect. i.e. where the concentration can kill or severely inhibit the normal functioning of the organism. Where a toxic effect has been demonstrated this may be noted in the sections below dealing with the individual parameters.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxic effect

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemical or biological parameters.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical constituent exerts a toxic effect.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a chemical constituent exerts a toxic effect.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: kill or severely inhibit the normal functioning of the organism.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic effect.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: chemical or biological parameters.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: chemical or biological parameters.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the concentration can kill or severely inhibit the normal functioning of the organism.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: toxic effect.

text: The largest concentration of marine debris is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The largest concentration of marine debris is the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The largest concentration of marine debris is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The album's cover features scattered garbage, which references the album's title. In the center of the trash is a photograph of the Lagwagon members. The 1979 AC/DC album Highway to Hell is seen at the top right of the cover. The back cover features a picture of the back of the band's tour van, spray painted with the track names.

text: The album's cover features scattered garbage, which references the album's title. In the center of the trash is a photograph of the Lagwagon members. The 1979

text: AC/DC

text: album

text: Highway to Hell

text: is seen at the top right of the cover. The back cover features a picture of the back of the band's tour van, spray painted with the track names.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: none

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Lagwagon members.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The album's cover features scattered garbage,

text: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom to promote the single and album from September 17; recording a performance of "Androgyny" for Pepsi Chart Show, Top of The Pops and The Base to be broadcast after the single release. Shirley Manson co-hosted the Steve Lamacq Show on September 19. Garbage made their first live televised performance in nearly two years on September 22; performing "Androgyny" on cd:uk and the following day a live performance on T4 Popworld. Mushroom Records UK issued "Androgyny" on September 24 on three formats; a 2×CD single set featuring "Begging Bone" and the Neptunes remix of "Androgyny" on either disc and a 12" vinyl featuring both the Felix Da Housecat and The Architechs remixes (which also featured across the CD singles). Woolworths made "Androgyny" its 'Single of the Week'. "Androgyny" debuted at #24 on the UK Singles Chart, which was lower than any of the six singles Garbage released during the Version 2.0 album cycle. "Androgyny" dipped to #52 the following week, before leaving the Top 75 altogether.

text: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom to promote the single and album from September 17; recording a performance of "Androgyny" for

text: Pepsi Chart Show

text: Top of The Pops

text: and The Base to be broadcast after the single release. Shirley Manson co-hosted the Steve Lamacq Show on September 19. Garbage made their first live televised performance in nearly two years on September 22; performing "Androgyny" on

text: cd:uk

text: and the following day a live performance on

text: Popworld

text: Mushroom Records UK

text: issued "Androgyny" on September 24 on three

text: formats

text: ; a

text: 2×CD single set

text: featuring "Begging Bone" and the Neptunes remix of "Androgyny" on either disc and a

text: 12" vinyl

text: featuring both the Felix Da Housecat and The Architechs remixes (which also featured across the CD singles).

text: Woolworths

text: made "Androgyny" its 'Single of the Week'. "Androgyny" debuted at #24 on the

text: UK Singles Chart

text: , which was lower than

text: any of the six singles

text: Garbage released during the

text: Version 2.0

text: album cycle. "Androgyny" dipped to #52 the following week, before leaving the Top 75 altogether.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom to promote the single and album from September 17

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: #52 the following week, before leaving the Top 75

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Felix Da Housecat

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Version 2.0

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage spent a week in the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: #24

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: September 17;

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Androgyny" debuted at #24

text: Manson became the band's chief songwriter for the follow-up record Version 2.0 which equalled the success of the band's debut record after its May 1998 release. During the two-year tour in support of the record, Manson modeled for Calvin Klein. Manson lived in hotels throughout the recording periods of the debut and Version 2.0. The group recorded the theme song to the James Bond movie The World Is Not Enough, and Manson became the third Scotswoman to sing a Bond theme after Lulu and Sheena Easton. In the accompanying video, she portrays an android assassin. For the recording of Garbage's third record throughout 2000, Manson became one of the first high-profile artists to write a blog online, while she decided to improve her guitar playing for the band's next tour. Their third album, Beautiful Garbage, featured Manson's most forward and personal lyrics to date. The album did not sell as well as its predecessors, but Garbage performed a successful world tour in support of it. During a concert at the Roskilde Festival, Manson's voice gave out. She afterwards discovered a vocal fold cyst, and had to undergo corrective surgery.

text: Manson became the band's chief songwriter for the follow-up record

text: Version 2.0

text: which equalled the success of the band's debut record after its May 1998 release. During the two-year tour in support of the record, Manson modeled for

text: Calvin Klein

text: . Manson lived in hotels throughout the recording periods of the debut and Version 2.0. The group recorded the

text: theme song

text: to the

text: James Bond

text: movie

text: The World Is Not Enough

text: , and Manson became the third Scotswoman to sing a Bond theme after

text: Lulu

text: and

text: Sheena Easton

text: . In the accompanying video, she portrays an

text: android

text: assassin. For the recording of Garbage's third record throughout 2000, Manson became one of the first high-profile artists to write a blog online, while she decided to improve her guitar playing for the band's next tour. Their third album,

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: , featured Manson's most forward and personal lyrics to date. The album did not sell as well as its predecessors, but Garbage performed

text: a successful world tour

text: in support of it. During a concert at the

text: Roskilde Festival

text: , Manson's voice gave out. She afterwards discovered a

text: vocal fold cyst

text: , and had to undergo corrective surgery.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Manson became one of the first high-profile artists to write a blog online

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What happened after Manson's voice gave out?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Scotswoman

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Beautiful Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: vocal fold cyst,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Beautiful Garbage,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: vocal fold cyst,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1998

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: vocal fold cyst,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Beautiful Garbage,

text: Mutations alter an organism's genotype and occasionally this causes different phenotypes to appear. Most mutations have little effect on an organism's phenotype, health, or reproductive fitness. Mutations that do have an effect are usually detrimental, but occasionally some can be beneficial. Studies in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, about 70 percent of these mutations will be harmful with the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial.

text: Mutations alter an organism's genotype and occasionally this causes different phenotypes to appear. Most mutations have little effect on an organism's phenotype, health, or reproductive

text: fitness

text: . Mutations that do have an effect are usually detrimental, but occasionally some can be beneficial. Studies in the fly

text: Drosophila melanogaster

text: suggest that if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, about 70 percent of these mutations will be harmful with the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: mutations that do have an effect

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be beneficial

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutations alter an organism's genotype

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: harmful

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mutations alter an organism's genotype

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Mutations

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Mutations alter an organism's genotype

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Mutations alter an organism's genotype

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Mutations alter an organism's genotype

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Mutations

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Mutations

text: Waste compaction is the process of compacting waste, reducing it in size. Garbage compactors and waste collection vehicles compress waste so that more of it can be stored in the same space. Waste is compacted again, more thoroughly, at the landfill to conserve valuable airspace and to extend the landfill's life span. A side effect of this is that important items, like evidence in a crime, may be difficult to recover from the garbage. Due to reduced oxygenation, biodegradation of organic waste is also slowed.

text: Waste compaction is the process of compacting

text: waste

text: , reducing it in size. Garbage compactors and waste collection vehicles compress waste so that more of it can be stored in the same space. Waste is compacted again, more thoroughly, at the

text: landfill

text: to conserve valuable airspace and to extend the landfill's life span. A side effect of this is that important items, like evidence in a crime, may be difficult to recover from the garbage. Due to reduced

text: oxygenation

text: biodegradation

text: of organic waste is also slowed.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: biodegradation

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: biodegradation

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Waste compaction is the process of compacting waste,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Waste compaction

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: biodegradation of organic waste is also slowed.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: biodegradation of organic waste is also slowed.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Waste compaction

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: biodegradation

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Waste compaction

text: Marine debris has been found in the Zmudowski State Beach. Marine debris is man-made solid waste material that enters the marine environment through rivers, streams, drainage, or any other source. Most marine debris is due to land-based resources, such as litter, industrial discharges, and global management. Only 20 percent of the debris found in the ocean comes from commercial fishing ships, cargo ships, or cruise ships. The other 80 percent connects back to pedestrians, motorists, and beach visitors. This clean exotic beach where people come to enjoy and relax is now shifting towards a trash zone. Trash increases the amount of pathogens and chemicals in the water, thereby hurting the water quality.  Sea turtles mix up plastic for jellyfish, and grey whales have been found dead with plastic in their stomachs. As a result of marine debris, the oceanic animal population is decreasing in the Monterey Bay area.

text: Marine debris has been found in the Zmudowski State Beach. Marine debris is man-made solid waste material that enters the marine environment through rivers, streams, drainage, or any other source. Most marine debris is due to land-based resources, such as litter, industrial discharges, and global management. Only 20 percent of the debris found in the ocean comes from commercial fishing ships, cargo ships, or cruise ships. The other 80 percent connects back to pedestrians, motorists, and beach visitors. This clean exotic beach where people come to enjoy and relax is now shifting towards a trash zone. Trash increases the amount of pathogens and chemicals in the water, thereby hurting the water quality.

text: Sea turtles

text: mix up plastic for

text: jellyfish

text: , and grey whales have been found dead with plastic in their stomachs. As a result of marine debris, the oceanic animal population is decreasing in the Monterey Bay area.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pedestrians, motorists and beach visitors

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 20 percent of the debris found in the ocean comes from commercial fishing ships, cargo ships, or cruise ships

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Why is the oceanic animal population decreasing?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: pathogens and chemicals in the water

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pedestrians, motorists, and beach visitors.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Sea turtles mix up plastic for jellyfish,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: grey whales have been found dead with plastic in their stomachs.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Marine debris has been found in the Zmudowski State Beach.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: commercial fishing ships, cargo ships, or cruise ships.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Trash increases the amount of pathogens and chemicals in the water,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: grey whales have been found dead with plastic in their stomachs.

text: A common anti-pattern is to use finalizers to release resources, by analogy with the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) idiom of C++: acquire a resource in the initializer (constructor), and release it in the finalizer (destructor). This does not work, for a number of reasons. Most basically, finalizers may never be called, and even if called, may not be called in a timely manner – thus using finalizers to release resources will generally cause resource leaks. Further, finalizers are not called in a prescribed order, while resources often need to be released in a specific order, frequently the opposite order in which they were acquired. Also, as finalizers are called at the discretion of the garbage collector, they will often only be called under managed memory pressure (when there is little managed memory available), regardless of resource pressure – if scarce resources are held by garbage but there is plenty of managed memory available, garbage collection may not occur, thus not reclaiming these resources.

text: A common

text: anti-pattern

text: is to use finalizers to release resources, by analogy with the

text: Resource Acquisition Is Initialization

text: (RAII) idiom of C++: acquire a resource in the initializer (constructor), and release it in the finalizer (destructor). This does not work, for a number of reasons. Most basically, finalizers may never be called, and even if called, may not be called in a timely manner – thus using finalizers to release resources will generally cause

text: resource leak

text: s. Further, finalizers are not called in a prescribed order, while resources often need to be released in a specific order, frequently the opposite order in which they were acquired. Also, as finalizers are called at the discretion of the garbage collector, they will often only be called under managed memory pressure (when there is little managed memory available), regardless of resource pressure – if scarce resources are held by garbage but there is plenty of managed memory available, garbage collection may not occur, thus not reclaiming these resources.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collection may not occur

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage collection

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection may not occur

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: if scarce resources

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Resource Acquisition Is Initialization

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: finalizers may never be called,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: finalizers may never be called,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: finalizers may never be called,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: using finalizers to release resources will generally cause resource leaks.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: finalizers may never be called,

text: On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist Maria Cristina Finucci founded The Garbage patch state under the patronage of UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment.

text: On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist

text: Maria Cristina Finucci

text: founded The

text: Garbage patch state

text: under the patronage of

text: UNESCO

text: and the Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: UNESCO

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage patch state

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Garbage patch state

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: UNESCO

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage patch

text: The Indian Ocean garbage patch, discovered in 2010, is a gyre of marine litter suspended in the upper water column of the central Indian Ocean, specifically the Indian Ocean Gyre, one of the five major oceanic gyres. The patch does not appear as a continuous debris field. As with other patches in each of the five oceanic gyres, the plastics in it break down to ever smaller particles, and to constituent polymers. As with the other patches, the field constitutes an elevated level of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge, and other debris; primarily particles that are invisible to the naked eye.

text: The Indian Ocean garbage patch, discovered in 2010, is a

text: gyre

text: of

text: marine litter

text: suspended in the upper

text: water column

text: of the central Indian Ocean, specifically the

text: Indian Ocean Gyre

text: , one of the five major oceanic

text: gyre

text: s. The patch does not appear as a continuous debris field. As with other patches in each of the five oceanic gyres, the plastics in it break down to ever smaller particles, and to constituent

text: polymers

text: . As with the other patches, the field constitutes an elevated level of

text: pelagic

text: plastics,

text: chemical sludge

text: , and other

text: debris

text: ; primarily particles that are invisible to the naked eye.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine litter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the field constitutes an elevated level of pelagic plastics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It does not say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the plastics in it break down to ever smaller particles

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: pelagic plastics,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pelagic plastics,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: pelagic plastics,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sludge,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Indian Ocean garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Indian Ocean garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean Gyre,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: break down to ever smaller particles, and to constituent polymers.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: break down to ever smaller particles, and to constituent polymers.

text: However, fulfilling his promises proves quite costly and after Homer's mass spending spree, Mayor Quimby denounces him for spending the Sanitation Department's yearly budget of $4.6 million in only a month. To solve the budget crisis and pay the workers for their services, Homer gets cities all over the United States to pay him to store their excess garbage into the abandoned mine shaft on the outskirts of Springfield. Eventually, despite the budget crisis having ended and the workers receiving their salaries as promised, the garbage builds up underground and begins to erupt, pouring trash all over the town. At a town hall meeting, Homer gets fired from his post and replaced with Ray Patterson, but Patterson declines reinstatement to the position. With no one else to fill for Sanitation Commissioner to clean up the trash, Quimby then takes extreme measures by moving the entire town five miles down the road.

text: However, fulfilling his promises proves quite costly and after Homer's mass spending spree,

text: Mayor Quimby

text: denounces him for spending the Sanitation Department's yearly budget of $4.6 million in only a month. To solve the budget crisis and pay the workers for their services, Homer gets cities all over the United States to pay him to store their excess garbage into the abandoned

text: mine shaft

text: on the outskirts of Springfield. Eventually, despite the budget crisis having ended and the workers receiving their salaries as promised, the garbage builds up underground and begins to erupt, pouring trash all over the town. At a town hall meeting, Homer gets fired from his post and replaced with Ray Patterson, but Patterson declines reinstatement to the position. With no one else to fill for Sanitation Commissioner to clean up the trash, Quimby then takes extreme measures by moving the entire town five miles down the road.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Homer's mass spending spree

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What does the garbage build up underground and begin to erupt?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: $4.6 million

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage

text: The 33rd parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

text: The 33rd parallel south is a

text: circle of latitude

text: that is 33

text: degrees

text: south

text: of the

text: Earth's

text: equatorial plane

text: . It crosses the

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: Africa

text: , the

text: Indian Ocean

text: Australasia

text: , the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: and

text: South America

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the 33rd parallel south crosses the Atlantic Ocean

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The 33rd parallel south

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The 33rd parallel south

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Pacific Ocean and South America.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The 33rd parallel south

text: Located directly behind Huntington State Beach are two power plants, wetlands, sand dunes, sewage facility, residential homes and a toxic waste dump. It is thought that because of the penetration of toxic chemicals into the soil, high level water contamination is often around the Magnolia Street entrance. Around the Brookhurst Street entrance high levels of contamination are also typical because of both river mouths. Aside from the river mouths, the sewage facility has at times dumped raw sewage into the ocean through the Santa Ana River.

text: Located directly behind Huntington State Beach are two power plants, wetlands, sand dunes, sewage facility, residential homes and a toxic waste dump. It is thought that because of the penetration of toxic chemicals into the soil, high level water contamination is often around the Magnolia Street entrance. Around the Brookhurst Street entrance high levels of contamination are also typical because of both river mouths. Aside from the river mouths, the sewage facility has at times dumped raw sewage into the ocean through the Santa Ana River.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxic waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: raw sewage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: raw sewage into the ocean through the Santa Ana River

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: raw sewage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxic waste dump. It is thought that because of the penetration of toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic waste dump.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: raw sewage into the ocean through the Santa Ana River.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: raw sewage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic waste dump.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: toxic waste dump.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Located directly behind Huntington State Beach

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: penetration of toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: sewage facility, residential homes and a toxic waste dump.

text: Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.

text: Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by

text: plankton

text: and

text: benthos

text: animals, most of which are either deposit or

text: filter feeder

text: s. In this way, the toxins are

text: concentrated upward

text: within ocean

text: food chain

text: s. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of

text: oxygen

text: , causing

text: estuaries

text: to become

text: anoxic

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause anoxic conditions

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: depleting of oxygen

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: deposit

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: tiny particles

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: ocean food chains.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: most of which are either deposit or filter feeders.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles

text: Scientists are currently studying the floating mass of plastic trash in the Pacific Ocean. This affected area is twice the size of Texas. The scientists study the effect of the trash on the marine life, and how to solve the rising problem. Another current study is the process of changing waste into energy. As both become a rising problem the methane in landfills has the potential to be used to generate small amounts of electricity.

text: Scientists are currently studying the floating mass of plastic trash in the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: . This affected area is twice the size of Texas. The scientists study the effect of the trash on the

text: marine life

text: , and how to solve the rising problem. Another current study is the process of changing waste into

text: energy

text: . As both become a rising problem the methane in landfills has the potential to be used to generate small amounts of

text: electricity

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating mass of plastic trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine life

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: methane in landfills

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the floating mass of plastic trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: methane

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: twice the size of Texas.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: twice the size of Texas.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: twice the size of Texas.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine life,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic trash in the Pacific Ocean.

text: So-called "continuous" compactors were popular in the 1960s and 1970s. The German Shark design (later Rotopress) used a huge rotating drum, analogous to a cement mixer, in conjunction with a serrated auger to grind down and compact the garbage. SEMAT-Rey of France pioneered the rotating rake system (also used in the British Shelvoke and Drewry Revopak) to both mutilate waste and break down large items.  Other systems used a large Archimedes' screw to draw in waste and mutilate it inside the body.  A mixture of safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption has seen a decline in the popularity of continuously compacting garbage trucks.  The Rotopress design remains popular due to its niche in being able to effectively deal with green waste for composting.

text: So-called "continuous" compactors were popular in the 1960s and 1970s. The German

text: Shark

text: design (later Rotopress) used a huge rotating drum, analogous to a cement mixer, in conjunction with a serrated

text: auger

text: to grind down and compact the garbage. SEMAT-Rey of France pioneered the rotating rake system (also used in the British

text: Shelvoke and Drewry

text: Revopak

text: ) to both mutilate waste and break down large items.  Other systems used a large

text: Archimedes' screw

text: to draw in waste and mutilate it inside the body.  A mixture of safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption has seen a decline in the popularity of continuously compacting garbage trucks.  The Rotopress design remains popular due to its niche in being able to effectively deal with green waste for

text: composting

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: composting

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: green waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: green waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: green waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1960s and 1970s.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "continuous" compactors were popular in the 1960s and 1970s.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: compact the garbage.

text: Environmental Film:Sanctuary in the Sea (USA), Robert Talbot;Plastic Paradise – The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (USA), Angela Sun

text: Environmental Film:Sanctuary in the Sea (USA),

text: Robert Talbot

text: ;Plastic Paradise – The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (USA),

text: Angela Sun

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 50 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Angela Sun

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Plastic Paradise

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Talbot;Plastic Paradise

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Most genes have more than one effect on the phenotype of an organism (pleiotropism). Some of these effects may be visible, and others cryptic, so it is often important to look beyond the most obvious effects of a gene to identify other effects. Cases occur where a gene affects an unimportant visible character, yet a change in fitness is recorded. In such cases the gene's other (cryptic or 'physiological') effects may be responsible for the change in fitness. Pleiotropism is posing continual challenges for many clinical dysmorphologists in their attempt to explain birth defects which affect one or more organ system, with only a single underlying causative agent. For many pleiotropic disorders, the connection between the gene defect and the various manifestations is neither obvious, nor well understood.

text: Most genes have more than one effect on the

text: phenotype

text: of an organism (

text: pleiotropism

text: ). Some of these effects may be visible, and others cryptic, so it is often important to look beyond the most obvious effects of a gene to identify other effects. Cases occur where a gene affects an unimportant visible character, yet a change in fitness is recorded. In such cases the gene's other (cryptic or 'physiological') effects may be responsible for the change in fitness. Pleiotropism is posing continual challenges for many clinical dysmorphologists in their attempt to explain birth defects which affect one or more organ system, with only a single underlying causative agent. For many pleiotropic disorders, the connection between the gene defect and the various manifestations is neither obvious, nor well understood.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: genes have more than one effect on the phenotype of an organism

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: (pleiotropism).

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: genes

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: (pleiotropism).

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: (pleiotropism).

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: (pleiotropism).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: genes have more than one effect on the phenotype of an organism

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: (pleiotropism).

text: Humans and wildlife are rarely exposed to solitary contaminants, but rather to complex mixtures of potentially harmful compounds. Dioxins and DLCs are no exception. This is important to consider when assessing toxicity because the effects of chemicals in a mixture are often different from when acting alone. These differences can take place on the chemical level, where the properties of the compounds themselves change due to the interaction, creating a new dose at the target tissue and a quantitatively different effect. They may also act together (simple similar action) or independently on the organism at the receptor during uptake, when transported throughout the body, or during metabolism, to produce a joint effect. Joint effects are described as being additive (using dose, response/risk, or measured effect), synergistic, or antagonistic. A dose-additive response occurs when the mixture effect is determined by the sum of the component chemical doses, each weighted by its relative toxic potency. A risk-additive response occurs when the mixture response is the sum of component risks, based on the probability law of independent events. An effect-additive mixture response occurs when the combined effect of exposure a chemical mixture is equal to the sums of the separate component chemical effects, e.g., incremental changes in relative liver weight. Synergism occurs when the combined effect of chemicals together is greater than the additivity prediction based on their separate effects. Antagonism describes where the combined effect is less than the additive prediction. Clearly it is important to identify which kind of additivity is being used. These effects reflect the underlying modes of action and mechanisms of toxicity of the chemicals.

text: Humans and wildlife are rarely exposed to solitary contaminants, but rather to complex mixtures of potentially harmful compounds. Dioxins and DLCs are no exception. This is important to consider when assessing toxicity because the effects of chemicals in a mixture are often different from when acting alone. These differences can take place on the chemical level, where the properties of the compounds themselves change due to the interaction, creating a new dose at the target tissue and a quantitatively different effect. They may also act together (simple similar action) or independently on the organism at the

text: receptor

text: during uptake, when transported throughout the body, or during

text: metabolism

text: , to produce a joint effect. Joint effects are described as being additive (using dose, response/risk, or measured effect),

text: synergistic

text: , or

text: antagonistic

text: . A dose-additive response occurs when the mixture effect is determined by the sum of the component chemical doses, each weighted by its relative toxic potency. A risk-additive response occurs when the mixture response is the sum of component risks, based on the probability law of independent events. An effect-additive mixture response occurs when the combined effect of exposure a chemical mixture is equal to the sums of the separate component chemical effects, e.g., incremental changes in relative liver weight. Synergism occurs when the combined effect of chemicals together is greater than the additivity prediction based on their separate effects. Antagonism describes where the combined effect is less than the additive prediction. Clearly it is important to identify which kind of additivity is being used. These effects reflect the underlying

text: modes of action

text: and

text: mechanisms

text: of toxicity of the chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DLCs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Synergism

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DLCs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: solitary contaminants,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Dioxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Dioxins and DLCs

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Dioxins and DLCs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Dioxins and DLCs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: probability law of independent events.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Synergism

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: complex mixtures

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Synergism

text: The patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre. Because of its large area, it is of very low density (4 particles per cubic meter), and therefore not visible from satellite photography, nor even necessarily to casual boaters or divers in the area. It consists primarily of a small increase in suspended, often microscopic, particles in the upper water column.

text: The patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative concentrations of

text: pelagic

text: plastics,

text: chemical sludge

text: and other

text: debris

text: that have been trapped by the currents of the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: . Because of its large area, it is of very low density (4 particles per cubic meter), and therefore not visible from

text: satellite photography

text: , nor even necessarily to casual boaters or divers in the area. It consists primarily of a small increase in suspended, often microscopic, particles in the upper

text: water column

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: high relative concentrations of pelagic plastics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemical sludge

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It is of very low density

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative concentrations of pelagic plastics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: pelagic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: pelagic plastics,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sludge

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: pelagic plastics,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: pelagic plastics,

text: Most toxic substances exert their toxicity through some interaction (e.g., covalent bonding, oxidation) with cellular macromolecules like proteins or DNA. This interaction leads to changes in the normal cellular biochemistry and physiology and downstream toxic effects.Occasionally, the toxicophore requires bioactivation, mediated by enzymes, to produce a more reactive metabolite that is more toxic. For example, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form a more reactive substance that can covalently bind to DNA, causing mutations that, if not repaired, can lead to cancer. Generally, different chemical compounds that contain the same toxicophore elicit similar toxic effects at the same site of toxicity.

text: Most toxic substances exert their

text: toxicity

text: through some interaction (e.g.,

text: covalent bond

text: ing,

text: oxidation

text: ) with cellular

text: macromolecule

text: s like

text: protein

text: s or

text: DNA

text: . This interaction leads to changes in the normal cellular

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: physiology

text: and downstream toxic effects.Occasionally, the toxicophore requires

text: bioactivation

text: , mediated by

text: enzyme

text: s, to produce a more reactive metabolite that is more toxic. For example,

text: tobacco-specific nitrosamines

text: are activated by

text: cytochrome P450

text: enzymes to form a more reactive substance that can covalently bind to DNA, causing mutations that, if not

text: repaired

text: , can lead to cancer. Generally, different chemical compounds that contain the same toxicophore elicit similar toxic effects at the same site of toxicity.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Tobacco

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause cancer

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: nitrosamine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Tobacco

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic interacts with DNA

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: cellular macromolecules

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: tobacco-specific

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Most toxic substances

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: nitrosamines

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: tobacco-specific

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Most toxic substances

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: cytochrome P450 enzymes

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: downstream toxic effects.Occasionally,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Most toxic substances

text: Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties.  endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones.  These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors.  This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens.  These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl).

text: Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of

text: quantitative structure-activity relationship

text: s (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties.

text: endocrine disrupting chemicals

text: (EDCs) and

text: carcinogen

text: s are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural

text: steroid hormone

text: s.  These types of chemicals can act on

text: androgen receptor

text: s,

text: estrogen receptor

text: s and

text: thyroid hormone receptor

text: s.  This mechanism can include such toxicants as

text: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

text: (DDE) and

text: polychlorinated biphenyls

text: (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause

text: cancer

text: and can be classified as

text: genotoxic

text: or nongenotoxic carcinogens.  These categories include toxicants such as

text: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

text: (PAHs) and

text: carbon tetrachloride

text: (CCl).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: endocrine disrupting chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: endocrine disrupting chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxicants

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: endocrine disrupting chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Toxicants

text: Evaluation of the biological effects and verification of the amount of carbon actually sequestered by any particular bloom requires a variety of measurements, including a combination of ship-borne and remote sampling, submarine filtration traps, tracking buoy spectroscopy and satellite telemetry. Unpredictable ocean currents have been known to remove experimental iron patches from the pelagic zone, invalidating the experiment.

text: Evaluation of the biological effects and verification of the amount of carbon actually sequestered by any particular bloom requires a variety of measurements, including a combination of ship-borne and remote sampling, submarine filtration traps, tracking buoy

text: spectroscopy

text: and

text: satellite telemetry

text: . Unpredictable ocean currents have been known to remove experimental iron patches from the pelagic zone, invalidating the experiment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Evaluation of the biological effects

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: unpredictable ocean currents

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: submarine filtration traps,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: tracking buoy spectroscopy and satellite telemetry.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Unpredictable ocean currents

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Unpredictable ocean currents

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: biological effects

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Unpredictable ocean currents

text: When the toys get stuck in a garbage truck along with Lotso, Jessie is heroically rescued from being buried in trash by Buzz, who is then nearly crushed by a falling television set. Jessie despairs over Buzz's apparent death, but he soon emerges unscathed and with his normal personality restored by the hit. She passionately kisses him on the cheek over and over, happy to see that he is alive and to say thanks for saving her. The toys are then dumped in a landfill and are nearly killed by a trash incinerator because of Lotso's selfishness. However, the Squeeze Toy Aliens rescue them all using a crane. Once they are safe outside the incinerator, Jessie and Buzz's mutual looks indicate the clear understanding of their feelings for each other. While Lotso gets strapped to the grille of a garbage truck as punishment for his deeds, the toys return home to Andy and prepare to be stored in the attic; with Woody's intervention, though, they are instead given to Bonnie, a girl who took Woody to her home while he was away. Andy plays with his toys one last time, giving her the closure to lovingly see her old owner off to college. Jessie quickly adapts to her new life as one of Bonnie's toys and, at one point, decides to take advantage of Buzz's Spanish side so they can dance together to "Hay Un Amigo En Mí" (a Spanish version of "You've Got a Friend in Me").

text: You've Got a Friend in Me

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Jessie and Buzz's mutual looks indicate the clear understanding of their feelings for each other

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What are the toys then dumped in a landfill?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: The toys

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: television set.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Andy plays with his toys

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Squeeze Toy Aliens

text: The landfill dates to 1965, when it started as a ten-foot high pile of debris in what was then a remote section of the county.It currently takes in an average of 3,500 tons of trash daily and has the capacity to accept 10,000 tons of trash daily. The site has long emitted foul odors into the air of neighboring Coconut Creek. Complaints from the city in the 1990s resulted in Waste Management being fined for violating air standards. The company attempted to alleviate the problem by covering the garbage with extra dirt and spraying deodorizer from 55-gallon drums.

text: The landfill dates to 1965, when it started as a ten-foot high pile of debris in what was then a remote section of the county.It currently takes in an average of 3,500 tons of trash daily and has the capacity to accept 10,000 tons of trash daily. The site has long emitted foul odors into the air of neighboring Coconut Creek. Complaints from the city in the 1990s resulted in Waste Management being fined for violating air standards. The company attempted to alleviate the problem by covering the garbage with extra dirt and spraying deodorizer from 55-gallon drums.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3500 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3,500 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 3,500 tons of trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: foul odors

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 3,500 tons of trash daily

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1965,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The landfill dates to 1965,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dirt and spraying deodorizer from 55-gallon drums.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 3,500 tons of trash

text: On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist Maria Cristina Finucci founded The Garbage Patch State at UNESCO –Paris in front of Director General Irina Bokova . First of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

text: On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist

text: Maria Cristina Finucci

text: founded The

text: Garbage Patch State

text: at

text: UNESCO

text: –Paris in front of Director General

text: Irina Bokova

text: . First of a series of events under the patronage of

text: UNESCO

text: and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: The Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: The Garbage Patch State at UNESCO –Paris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Irina Bokova.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Patch State

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Garbage Patch State

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage Patch State

text: After gathering his gear, Max is told that Agent 99 (Barbara Feldon) will meet him at the Airport. Max finds Agent 99 and they head to Mr. Big's lab, where they find an important clue written on a rubber banana, which belongs to a novelty shop. KAOS then announces that at 4:00, they will destroy The Statue of Liberty in New York City to prove the power of the Enthermo. From the novelty store, they find that a garbage scow, covered in rubber trash, is being used as a base for the Enthermo. They are captured trying to climb onto the ship, but later escape by using Max's Inflato-Coat. They rescue the professor, who is able to reverse the Enthermo so it blows up and destroys the scow, the Enthermo and Mr. Big.

text: After gathering his gear, Max is told that Agent 99 (

text: Barbara Feldon

text: ) will meet him at the Airport. Max finds Agent 99 and they head to Mr. Big's lab, where they find an important clue written on a rubber banana, which belongs to a novelty shop. KAOS then announces that at 4:00, they will destroy

text: The Statue of Liberty

text: in

text: New York City

text: to prove the power of the Enthermo. From the novelty store, they find that a garbage

text: scow

text: , covered in rubber trash, is being used as a base for the Enthermo. They are captured trying to climb onto the ship, but later escape by using Max's Inflato-Coat. They rescue the professor, who is able to reverse the Enthermo so it blows up and destroys the scow, the Enthermo and Mr. Big.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rubber trash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: rubber

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What does the Statue of Liberty contain?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ethanol

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What does the Enthermo contain?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: What does the gyre contain?

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rubber trash,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: rubber

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: rubber trash,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: rubber banana,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rubber trash,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: rubber banana,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: rubber trash,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: rubber trash,

text: Some reviewers, however, praised the song. Artistdirect writer Rick Florino said, "... 'Flush' ... touts the line between catchy and epic ... The song itself beckons multiple listens with numerous layers to delve back into on each go around."  Despite criticism, Goforth did confess that the song had some good aspects in the interpretation, "... Head's approach to songwriting is honest and unflinching. Rather than take the easy route, he goes in deep for confession." Jesusfreakhideout writer Kevin Hoskins also praised the message of the song, stating, "'Flush' is about trashing all of the garbage in our life. The screaming chants of 'come on, get up, let's change' drive the message home."

text: Some reviewers, however, praised the song.

text: Artistdirect

text: writer Rick Florino said, "... 'Flush' ... touts the line between catchy and epic ... The song itself beckons multiple listens with numerous layers to delve back into on each go around."  Despite criticism, Goforth did confess that the song had some good aspects in the interpretation, "... Head's approach to songwriting is honest and unflinching. Rather than take the easy route, he goes in deep for confession." Jesusfreakhideout writer Kevin Hoskins also praised the message of the song, stating, "'Flush' is about trashing all of the garbage in our life. The screaming chants of 'come on, get up, let's change' drive the message home."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: none

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Flush' is about trashing all of the garbage in our life. The screaming chants of 'come on, get up, let's change' drive the message home."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Jesusfreakhideout

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Artistdirect writer Rick Florino

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trashing all of the garbage in our life.

text: Body Burden and 5 Gyres are the first of a series of Safe Planet films. These films contributed to the elevation of awareness and spread of the idea of chemical body burden and plastic pollution of the oceans. The films carry the message that no one is immune from exposures to hazardous chemicals. They highlight how vulnerable communities face heightened risk of exposures to toxic chemicals and how action is needed to protect people and the planet. They also elevate awareness and support for the Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention, which tracks levels of persistent organic pollutants in humans.

text: Body Burden and 5 Gyres are the first of a series of Safe Planet films. These films contributed to the elevation of awareness and spread of the idea of chemical body burden and plastic pollution of the oceans. The films carry the message that no one is immune from exposures to hazardous chemicals. They highlight how vulnerable communities face heightened risk of exposures to toxic chemicals and how action is needed to protect people and the planet. They also elevate awareness and support for the Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention, which tracks levels of persistent organic pollutants in humans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic pollution of the oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: exposures to hazardous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5 Gyres

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic pollution of the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemical body burden

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic pollution of the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: plastic pollution of the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 5 Gyres

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: no one is immune from exposures to hazardous chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic pollution of the oceans.

text: The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology, written by Ottoboni, in its first and second editions, focused mainly on environmental and industrial chemicals. The author, defining toxicology as "the study of adverse systemic effects of chemicals," details factors which toxicologists use to determine the hazards of common chemicals to individuals: dose, duration, and route of exposure (dermal, inhalation, oral). The age, sex, and general health of the individual also play a role in toxicity. Ottoboni makes a distinction between acute toxicity and chronic toxicity, suggesting ways to assess risk and avoid lethal doses or accidental poisonings.

text: The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology, written by Ottoboni, in its first and second editions, focused mainly on environmental and industrial chemicals. The author, defining

text: toxicology

text: as "the study of adverse systemic effects of chemicals," details factors which toxicologists use to determine the hazards of common chemicals to individuals:

text: dose

text: duration

text: , and route of exposure (

text: dermal

text: inhalation

text: oral

text: ). The age, sex, and general health of the individual also play a role in toxicity. Ottoboni makes a distinction between

text: acute toxicity

text: and

text: chronic toxicity

text: , suggesting ways to assess risk and avoid

text: lethal dose

text: s or

text: accidental poisonings

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicologists use to determine the hazards of common chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: environmental and industrial chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Dose Makes the Poison:

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: industrial chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: environmental and industrial chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Dose Makes the Poison:

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Dose Makes the Poison:

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dose, duration, and route of exposure

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Dose Makes the Poison:

text: Studies have shown that there is a correlation between the size of the group and the size of the patch; however this correlation provides no implication that subordinate group members have less resources. More likely, it is the effects of the patch size on the group member that dominates interactions. An experiment was performed to study the mechanism responsible for the positive correlation between the group size and patch size. The scientists argued that the correlation between the group size and patch size is because of the indirect consequence of the positive relationship between the dominant group member’s length and the anemone size. The length of the dominant group member limits the group size because the length of the dominant group member prevents the group of the subordinate group members. This data shows that the patch size and group size correlation does not necessarily imply the decrease in resources of group members subordinate to the dominant group member.

text: Studies have shown that there is a correlation between the size of the group and the size of the patch; however this correlation provides no implication that subordinate group members have less resources. More likely, it is the effects of the patch size on the group member that dominates interactions. An experiment was performed to study the mechanism responsible for the positive correlation between the group size and patch size. The scientists argued that the correlation between the group size and patch size is because of the indirect consequence of the positive relationship between the dominant group member’s length and the anemone size. The length of the dominant group member limits the group size because the length of the dominant group member prevents the group of the subordinate group members. This data shows that the patch size and group size correlation does not necessarily imply the decrease in resources of group members subordinate to the dominant group member.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: patch;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: anemone

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch;

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: anemone

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: this correlation provides no implication that subordinate group members have less resources.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: this correlation provides no implication that subordinate group members have less resources.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: this correlation provides no implication that subordinate group members have less resources.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: subordinate group members have less resources.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: subordinate group members have less resources.

text: Reducing the amount of waste produced is by far the most effective way to battle the flow of garbage into the landfill.  Reduce because what is not produced cannot pollute. Reducing consumption saves money and reduces pollution. There are many opportunities to reduce the amount of waste generated simply by changing individual habits and office procedures.

text: Reducing

text: the amount of waste produced is by far the most effective way to battle the flow of

text: garbage

text: into the

text: landfill

text: .  Reduce because what is not produced cannot pollute. Reducing consumption saves money and reduces pollution. There are many opportunities to reduce the amount of waste generated simply by changing individual habits and office procedures.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: landfill

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be avoided by reducing consumption

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: what is not produced cannot pollute.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage into the landfill.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: what is not produced cannot pollute.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: what is not produced cannot pollute.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Reducing the amount of waste

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Reducing the amount of waste

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Reducing the amount of waste produced

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: what is not produced cannot pollute.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Reducing the amount of waste

text: If the controller were to background garbage collect all of the spare blocks before it was absolutely necessary, new data written from the host could be written without having to move any data in advance, letting the performance operate at its peak speed. The trade-off is that some of those blocks of data are actually not needed by the host and will eventually be deleted, but the OS did not tell the controller this information. The result is that the soon-to-be-deleted data is rewritten to another location in the flash memory, increasing the write amplification. In some of the SSDs from OCZ the background garbage collection clears up only a small number of blocks then stops, thereby limiting the amount of excessive writes. Another solution is to have an efficient garbage collection system which can perform the necessary moves in parallel with the host writes. This solution is more effective in high write environments where the SSD is rarely idle. The SandForce SSD controllers and the systems from Violin Memory have this capability.

text: If the controller were to background garbage collect all of the spare blocks before it was absolutely necessary, new data written from the host could be written without having to move any data in advance, letting the performance operate at its peak speed. The trade-off is that some of those blocks of data are actually not needed by the host and will eventually be deleted, but the OS did not tell the controller this information. The result is that the soon-to-be-deleted data is rewritten to another location in the flash memory, increasing the write amplification. In some of the SSDs from

text: OCZ

text: the background garbage collection clears up only a small number of blocks then stops, thereby limiting the amount of excessive writes. Another solution is to have an efficient garbage collection system which can perform the necessary moves in parallel with the host writes. This solution is more effective in high write environments where the SSD is rarely idle. The

text: SandForce

text: SSD controllers and the systems from

text: Violin Memory

text: have this capability.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: spare blocks

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: deleted,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: necessary,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: If the controller were to background garbage collect all of the spare blocks

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: some of those blocks of data are actually not needed by the host

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: necessary,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: necessary,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: some of those blocks of data are actually not needed by the host

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: If the controller were to background garbage collect all of the spare blocks

text: Ballast water, fuel/oil leaks and trash originating from ships foul harbors, reefs and estuaries. Ballast water may contain toxins, invasive plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria.

text: Ballast water

text: , fuel/oil leaks and trash originating from ships foul harbors, reefs and estuaries. Ballast water may contain toxins, invasive plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ballast water

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Ballast water

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ballast water

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: reefs and estuaries.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Ballast water, fuel/oil leaks and trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: toxins, invasive plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Ballast water,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Ballast water,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxins, invasive plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Ballast water,

text: Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica, an unikont eukaryotic organism, is less closely related to Naegleria fowleri, a bikont eukaryotic organism, than it is to Homo sapiens, which belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another.

text: Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example,

text: Entamoeba histolytica

text: , an

text: unikont

text: eukaryotic

text: organism, is less closely related to

text: Naegleria fowleri

text: , a

text: bikont

text: eukaryotic organism, than it is to

text: Homo sapiens

text: , which belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group) and so agents effective against one

text: pathogen

text: may not be effective against another.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unikont phylogenetic group)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Protozoans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: agents effective against one pathogen

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Entamoeba histolytica,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Protozoans have little in common with each other

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Protozoans

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Protozoans have little in common with each other

text: Geological Reclamation Operations and Waste Systems (GROWS) is a landfill that is part of a 6,000-acre garbage treatment complex operated by Waste Management Inc. It is located outside of Morrisville, Pennsylvania in the Delaware River Valley. "As of 2002, GROWS was the single largest recipient of New York’s garbage in Pennsylvania". It’s considered a megafill, which is due to the large amount of garbage it can accommodate because of its size. The garbage center is surrounded by 35-foot tall fencing with netting to catch debris, with constant patrol of "paper pickers" that retrieve any trash carried away by the wind. Small misting machines surround the landfill on the tops of elevated places dispersing a chemical-water mixture that pulls the odor molecules to the ground. Garbage trucks bring their loads of trash to the base of GROWS, where a landfill compactor crushes the trash into the earth in "cells", which can range from 10-100 acres across and can be up to hundreds of feet tall. These cells are but upon liners, which prevent the waste from leaching into the groundwater through precipitation. A track loader machine pushes any remaining trash into the path of the compactor where it’s also crushed into the "cells".

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 6%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the purpose of the "paper pickers"?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: leaching into the groundwater

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 6,000-acre

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: leaching into the groundwater

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: odor molecules

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: megafill,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Delaware River Valley.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Delaware River Valley.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: leaching into the groundwater

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: crushed into the "cells".

text: It should be noted that they pose a toxic hazard normally not found in commercial pyrethroid to mammals and humans. While pyrethrum extract is composed of 6 esters which are insecticidal, the semi-synthetic pyrethroid is a composed of only one chemically active compound. As a result, the liver has to break down these additional chains first, which allows the toxicity levels to rise within the bloodstream. which can lead to hospitalization and even death.

text: It should be noted that they pose a toxic hazard normally not found in commercial pyrethroid to mammals and humans. While pyrethrum extract is composed of 6 esters which are insecticidal, the semi-synthetic pyrethroid is a composed of only one chemically active compound. As a result, the liver has to break down these additional chains first, which allows the toxicity levels to rise within the bloodstream. which can lead to hospitalization and even death.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pyrethroid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic hazard

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 6 esters

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: pyrethroid

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: they pose a toxic hazard

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pyrethroid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: they pose a toxic hazard

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: pyrethroid

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 6 esters which are insecticidal,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: they pose a toxic hazard

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: they pose a toxic hazard

text: SUSE developed kGraft as an open-source alternative for live kernel patching, and Red Hat did likewise with kpatch. They both allow function-level changes to be applied to a running Linux kernel, while relying on live patching mechanisms established by ftrace. The primary difference between kGraft and kpatch is the way they ensure runtime consistency of the updated code sections while hot patches are applied. kGraft and kpatch were submitted for inclusion into the Linux kernel mainline in April 2014 and May 2014, respectively, and the minimalistic foundations for live patching were merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 4.0, which was released on April 12, 2015.

text: SUSE

text: developed

text: kGraft

text: as an open-source alternative for live kernel patching, and

text: Red Hat

text: did likewise with

text: kpatch

text: . They both allow function-level changes to be applied to a running Linux kernel, while relying on live patching mechanisms established by

text: ftrace

text: . The primary difference between kGraft and kpatch is the way they ensure runtime consistency of the updated code sections while

text: hot patch

text: es are applied. kGraft and kpatch were submitted for inclusion into the

text: Linux kernel mainline

text: in April 2014 and May 2014, respectively, and the minimalistic foundations for live patching were merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 4.0, which was released on April 12, 2015.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: April 12, 2015.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: kGraft

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: kGraft as an open-source alternative for live kernel patching,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: kGraft

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: kpatch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: kGraft

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: kpatch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: kGraft as an open-source alternative for live kernel patching,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: kpatch.

text: Garbage: Live at Eagles Ballroom 2002 was a long-form live video DVD planned for release in 2002 by Garbage to document the North American leg of the Beautiful Garbage tour, utlilizing footage shot on May 11, 2002 at the Eagles Ballroom in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The footage likely went unreleased because the band's worldwide record label Mushroom Records UK was wound down before it was sold to Warner Music label EastWest in early 2003. An entry for the DVD release was included on the band's official website discography in April 2005;  while Director Kenneth A. LaBarre uploaded a rough cut of "Special" to his YouTube channel on January 3, 2007. The video was an outtake from a 5-song demo DVD that LaBarre submitted to the band and their management at Q Prime in June 2002.

text: Garbage: Live at Eagles Ballroom 2002 was a long-form live video

text: DVD

text: planned for release in 2002 by Garbage to document the North American leg of the Beautiful Garbage tour, utlilizing footage shot on May 11, 2002 at the

text: Eagles Ballroom

text: in

text: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

text: . The footage likely went unreleased because the band's worldwide

text: record label

text: Mushroom Records UK

text: was wound down before it was sold to

text: Warner Music

text: label

text: EastWest

text: in early 2003. An entry for the DVD release was included on the band's official

text: website

text: discography

text: in April 2005;  while Director Kenneth A. LaBarre uploaded a rough cut of "Special" to his

text: YouTube

text: channel on January 3, 2007. The video was an outtake from a 5-song demo DVD that LaBarre submitted to the band and their management at Q Prime in June 2002.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Wisconsin

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage: Live at Eagles Ballroom

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Wisconsin.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage to document the North American leg of the Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The footage likely went unreleased

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Garbage: Live at Eagles Ballroom 2002

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage: Live at Eagles Ballroom 2002

text: The NPSG is not only a sink for  in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The NPSG is not only a sink for  in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as

text: marine debris

text: . The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: anthropogenic pollutants

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: anthropogenic pollutants,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: anthropogenic pollutants,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic debris

text: The initial contact from DDT is on vegetation and soil. From here, the DDT can travel many routes, for instance, when plants and vegetation are exposed to the chemical to protect from insects, the plants may absorb it. Then these plants may either be consumed by humans or other animals. These consumers ingest the chemical and begin metabolizing the toxicant, accumulating more through ingestion, and posing health risks to the organism, their offspring, and any predators. Alternatively the ingestion of the contaminated plant by insects may lead to tolerance by the organism. Another route is the chemical travelling through the soil and ending up in ground water and in human water supply. Or in the case that the soil is near a moving water system, the chemical could end up in large freshwater systems or the ocean where fish are at high risk from the toxicological effects of DDT. Lastly, the most common transport route is the evaporation of DDT into the atmosphere followed by condensation and eventually precipitation where it is released into environments anywhere on earth. Due to the long-range transport of DDT, the presence of this harmful toxicant will continue as long as it is still used anywhere and until the current contamination eventually degrades. Even after its complete discontinued use, it will still remain in the environment for many more years after because of DDT’s persistent attributes.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ground water and in human water supply.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DDT.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: fish are at high risk from the toxicological effects of DDT.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: evaporation of DDT

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: evaporation of DDT

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: fish are at high risk from the toxicological effects of DDT.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: evaporation of DDT

text: Many animals make use of poisonous chemicals for self-defence. These may be concentrated in surface structures such as spines or glands, giving an attacker a taste of the chemicals before it actually bites or swallows the prey animal: many toxins are bitter-tasting. A last-ditch defence is for the animal's flesh itself to be toxic, as in the puffer fish, danaid butterflies and burnet moths. Many insects acquire toxins from their food plants; Danaus caterpillars accumulate toxic cardenolides from milkweeds (Asclepiadaceae). The bombardier beetle has specialized glands on the tip of its abdomen that allows it to direct a toxic spray towards predators. The spray is generated explosively through oxidation of hydroquinones and is sprayed at a temperature of 100 °C. Armoured crickets similarly release blood at their joints when threatened (autohaemorrhaging). Several species of grasshopper including Poecilocerus pictus, Parasanaa donovani, Aularches miliaris, and Tegra novaehollandiae secrete noxious liquids when threatened, sometimes ejecting these forcefully. Spitting cobras accurately squirt venom from their fangs at the eyes of potential predators, striking their target eight times out of ten, and causing severe pain.

text: Many animals make use of poisonous chemicals for self-defence. These may be concentrated in surface structures such as spines or glands, giving an attacker a taste of the chemicals before it actually bites or swallows the prey animal: many toxins are bitter-tasting. A last-ditch defence is for the animal's flesh itself to be toxic, as in the

text: puffer fish

text: danaid butterflies

text: and

text: burnet moth

text: s. Many insects acquire toxins from their food plants; Danaus caterpillars accumulate toxic

text: cardenolides

text: from milkweeds (

text: Asclepiadaceae

text: ). The

text: bombardier beetle

text: has specialized glands on the tip of its abdomen that allows it to direct a toxic spray towards predators. The spray is generated explosively through oxidation of hydroquinones and is sprayed at a temperature of 100 °C.

text: Armoured cricket

text: s similarly release blood at their joints when threatened (

text: autohaemorrhaging

text: ). Several species of

text: grasshopper

text: including

text: Poecilocerus pictus

text: Parasanaa donovani

text: Aularches miliaris

text: , and

text: Tegra novaehollandiae

text: secrete noxious liquids when threatened, sometimes ejecting these forcefully.

text: Spitting cobra

text: s accurately squirt venom from their fangs at the eyes of potential predators, striking their target eight times out of ten, and causing severe pain.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: hydroquinones

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: poisonous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: poisonous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Many animals make use of poisonous chemicals for self-defence.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cardenolides

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic cardenolides from milkweeds

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 100 °C.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 100 °C.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: poisonous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many animals make use of poisonous chemicals for self-defence.

text: On March 23, 2012, jurors in the Tori Stafford murder trial in London, Ontario were presented with a connection between Necro's music and Tori's admitted killer. The court in the trial of Michael Rafferty heard testimony from convicted murderer Terri-Lynne McClintic that she listened to Necro the day she abducted Tori. Rafferty's defense attorney also noted similarities between the song "Garbage Bag" and letters McClintic had written when she was in a youth facility in 2007 and 2008; the letters described the hypothetical torture and murder of a person. At 5.12pm on 8 April 2009, the day of the murder, Terry-Lynne McClintic was positively identified as purchasing garbage bags. 8-year-old Tori Stafford had been found dead in a green garbage bag on July 19, 2009.

text: On March 23, 2012, jurors in the

text: Tori Stafford murder

text: trial in London, Ontario were presented with a connection between Necro's music and Tori's admitted killer. The court in the trial of

text: Michael Rafferty

text: heard testimony from convicted murderer

text: Terri-Lynne McClintic

text: that she listened to Necro the day she abducted Tori. Rafferty's defense attorney also noted similarities between the song "Garbage Bag" and letters McClintic had written when she was in a youth facility in 2007 and 2008; the letters described the hypothetical torture and murder of a person. At 5.12pm on 8 April 2009, the day of the murder, Terry-Lynne McClintic was positively identified as purchasing garbage bags. 8-year-old Tori Stafford had been found dead in a green garbage bag on July 19, 2009.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage bags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Bag

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Necro's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: green garbage bag on July 19, 2009.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage bags.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage bags.

text: People are typically exposed to toxic chemicals from pharmaceuticals, from consumer products, from the environment, in the home, and at work. Most toxic tort cases arise either from exposure to pharmaceutical drugs or occupational exposures.

text: People are typically exposed to toxic

text: chemicals

text: from

text: pharmaceuticals

text: , from consumer products, from the environment, in the home, and at work. Most toxic tort cases arise either from exposure to pharmaceutical drugs or occupational exposures.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: consumer products

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals are released

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: People are typically exposed to toxic chemicals from pharmaceuticals, from consumer products,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pharmaceuticals,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: consumer products,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: People are typically exposed to toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: People are typically exposed to toxic chemicals from pharmaceuticals,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: People are typically exposed to toxic chemicals from pharmaceuticals, from consumer products,

text: One of the biggest problems with today's toxic material is how to dispose of it properly. Decades ago it was dumped into streams, rivers and oceans or buried underground with landfills.The United States created the regulatory agency called the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that was enacted in 1976 for the purpose of regulating toxic material. There are standards and laws developed to protect people and the environment from future harm due to improper handling of toxic waste. The agriculture industry uses over 800,000 tons of pesticides worldwide annually that contaminates the soils and eventually infiltrates into the groundwater causing drinking water to contain toxic chemicals. The oceans can be polluted from the stormdrain runoff of these chemicals as well. Toxic waste in the form of petrolium oil can either spill into the oceans from pipe leaks or large ships, but it can also enter the oceans from everyday citizens dumping car oil into the rainstorm sewer systems. Disposal is the placement of waste into or on the land. Disposal facilities are usually designed to permanently contain the waste and prevent the release of harmful pollutants to the environment. The most common hazardous waste disposal practice is placement in a land disposal unit such as a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, land treatment unit, or injection well.  Land disposal is subject to requirements under EPA’s Land Disposal Restrictions Program.<ref>.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: most common

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: petrolium oil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What is the most common hazardous waste disposal practice?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: petrolium oil

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 800,000 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: petrolium oil

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Toxic waste

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: petrolium oil

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 800,000 tons of pesticides

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Decades ago it was dumped into streams, rivers and oceans

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 800,000 tons of pesticides

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dumping car oil into the rainstorm sewer systems.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: One of the biggest problems with today's toxic material

text: Many ships and other unnaturally composed structures such as old tires are often used for constructing artificial reefs. The materials used in most artificial reefs are also likely to cause pollution by the releasing of excessive amounts of chemicals and nutrients that are not naturally found in reef environments. Retired naval vessels can release Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, iron, lead paint and anti-fouling paint which leaches into the ocean and becomes part of the food-chain. Dumping tires into the ocean is a practice used to create many artificial reefs and a great example of the possibility that there are unseen dangers in creating artificial reefs . With millions of tires produced every year creating artificial reefs with them seemed like a great idea and was practiced around the world. Using trash to try and better the environment seemed like a great idea, but unfortunately, some of the reefs did much more harm than good. In Florida alone, 571 permitted artificial reefs exist and the number of illegal reefs is thought to be much greater. Using old products, such as tires, is taking possible risks and many marine biologists are skeptical about the amount of positive impacts that these reefs will have. Artificial reefs continue to be constructed around the world despite inconclusive studies and the high risks associated with them.

text: Many ships and other unnaturally composed structures such as

text: old tires

text: are often used for constructing artificial reefs. The materials used in most artificial reefs are also likely to cause

text: pollution

text: by the releasing of excessive amounts of chemicals and nutrients that are not naturally found in reef environments. Retired naval vessels can release Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, iron, lead paint and anti-fouling paint which leaches into the ocean and becomes part of the food-chain. Dumping tires into the ocean is a practice used to create many artificial reefs and a great example of the possibility that there are unseen dangers in creating artificial reefs . With millions of tires produced every year creating artificial reefs with them seemed like a great idea and was practiced around the world. Using

text: trash

text: to try and better the environment seemed like a great idea, but unfortunately, some of the reefs did much more harm than good. In Florida alone, 571 permitted artificial reefs exist and the number of illegal reefs is thought to be much greater. Using old products, such as tires, is taking possible risks and many

text: marine biologist

text: s are skeptical about the amount of positive impacts that these reefs will have. Artificial reefs continue to be constructed around the world despite inconclusive studies and the high risks associated with them.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 571

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Polychlorinated Byphenyls

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Polychlorinated Byphenyls

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: millions of tires produced every year

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: old tires

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Dumping tires

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Polychlorinated Byphenyls

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Dumping tires

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: artificial reefs.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 571 permitted artificial reefs exist and the number of illegal reefs

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemicals and nutrients

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Artificial reefs

text: Earvin Johnson Jr. was born in Lansing, Michigan to Earvin Sr., a General Motors assembly worker, and Christine, a school custodian. Johnson, who had six siblings, was influenced by his parents' strong work ethic. Johnson's mother spent many hours after work each night cleaning their home and preparing the next day's meals, while his father did janitorial work at a used car lot and collected garbage, all while never missing a day at General Motors. Earvin Jr. would often help his father on the garbage route, and he was teased by neighborhood children who called him "Garbage Man."

text: Earvin Johnson Jr. was born in

text: Lansing, Michigan

text: to Earvin Sr., a

text: General Motors

text: assembly worker, and Christine, a school

text: custodian

text: . Johnson, who had six siblings, was influenced by his parents' strong work ethic. Johnson's mother spent many hours after work each night cleaning their home and preparing the next day's meals, while his father did janitorial work at a used car lot and collected garbage, all while never missing a day at General Motors. Earvin Jr. would often help his father on the garbage route, and he was teased by neighborhood children who called him "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: General Motors

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Johnson's mother spent many hours after work each night cleaning their home and preparing the next day's meals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Michigan

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage, all while never missing a day at General Motors.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Garbage Man."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Garbage Man."

text: Charles J. Moore is an oceanographer and racing boat captain known for articles that recently brought attention to the 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch', an area of the Pacific Ocean strewn with floating plastic debris which is twice the size of Texas. In addition to his work on the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Moore also serves as science advisor to 5 Gyres, another organization also working on the garbage patch.

text: Charles J. Moore is an

text: oceanographer

text: and

text: racing

text: boat

text: captain known for articles that recently brought attention to the '

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: ', an area of the Pacific Ocean strewn with floating plastic debris which is twice the size of Texas. In addition to his work on the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Moore also serves as science advisor to

text: 5 Gyres

text: , another organization also working on the garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris is twice the size of Texas

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Texas.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch',

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch',

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch',

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch',

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch',

text: In 2007, Shaw was credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in household and consumer products have contaminated marine mammals and fish in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This information helped support toxics policy reform in the state of Maine when the Legislature banned Deca-BDE from household products as of 2010.

text: In 2007, Shaw was credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in household and consumer products have contaminated marine mammals and fish in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This information helped support toxics policy reform in the state of Maine when the Legislature banned

text: Deca-BDE

text: from household products as of 2010.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: brominated flame retardant chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: brominated flame retardant

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: brominated flame retardant chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Maine

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: brominated flame retardant chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: brominated flame retardant chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: brominated flame retardant

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: brominated flame retardant

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: northwest Atlantic Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: northwest Atlantic Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: brominated flame retardant chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: northwest Atlantic Ocean.

text: These databases are invaluable resources in the field of aquatic toxicology because the likelihood of a chemical to cause toxicity is highly variable across the broad spectrum of contaminants in the environment. This is because the likelihood that adverse effects to an organism will be realized is dependent on the concentration of that substance in the target tissues of the organism, the physicochemical properties of that chemical and the duration of exposure to the organism. Tools that enable the capability to predict the toxicity of specific chemicals to particular organisms or groups of organisms is essential to regulators and researches in the field of toxicology.

text: These databases are invaluable resources in the field of aquatic toxicology because the likelihood of a chemical to cause toxicity is highly variable across the broad spectrum of contaminants in the environment. This is because the likelihood that adverse effects to an organism will be realized is dependent on the concentration of that substance in the target tissues of the organism, the physicochemical properties of that chemical and the duration of exposure to the organism. Tools that enable the capability to predict the toxicity of specific chemicals to particular organisms or groups of organisms is essential to regulators and researches in the field of toxicology.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are invaluable resources in the field

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: physicochemical properties of that chemical

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: aquatic toxicology

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: aquatic toxicology

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: physicochemical properties of that chemical

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: aquatic toxicology

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: These databases are invaluable resources in the field of aquatic toxicology

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: These databases are invaluable resources in the field of aquatic toxicology

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dependent on the concentration of that substance in the target tissues of the organism,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: These databases are invaluable resources in the field of aquatic toxicology

text: Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) are used by US federal agencies, state agencies, and environmental consulting firms to characterize toxic levels of chemicals in marine and freshwater sediment. Following here is a summary of how the ERL/ERM guidelines are used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

text: Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) are used by US federal agencies, state agencies, and environmental consulting firms to characterize toxic levels of chemicals in

text: marine

text: and

text: freshwater

text: sediment. Following here is a summary of how the ERL/ERM guidelines are used by the

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: United States Geological Survey

text: (USGS), and the

text: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: (EPA).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines are used by US federal agencies, state agencies, and environmental consulting firms to characterize toxic levels of chemicals in marine and freshwater sediment.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Toxic levels of chemicals in marine sediment

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic levels of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: marine and freshwater sediment

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxic levels of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic levels of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Sediment Quality Guidelines

text: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions. Compositions are Binary Property Lists (though XML versions are also supported) with a filename extension .qtz, and a com.apple.quartz-composer-composition UTI. Patches, their connections, and their input port states are saved in the composition file. Images can be stored inside a composition as well, making for self-contained compositions with embedded graphics. By dragging a movie file into the Quartz Composer editor, a reference to the movie file is created, providing a changing image that can be connected to a renderer.

text: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions. Compositions are Binary

text: Property Lists

text: (though

text: XML

text: versions are also supported) with a

text: filename extension

text: .qtz, and a com.apple.quartz-composer-composition

text: UTI

text: . Patches, their connections, and their input port states are saved in the composition file. Images can be stored inside a composition as well, making for self-contained compositions with embedded graphics. By dragging a movie file into the Quartz Composer editor, a reference to the movie file is created, providing a changing image that can be connected to a renderer.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Compositions

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: qtz

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Compositions. Compositions are Binary Property Lists

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Quartz Composer

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Quartz Composer

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Compositions. Compositions are Binary Property Lists

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Compositions. Compositions are Binary Property Lists

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Quartz Composer documents are called Compositions.

text: The Formosa steel plant is suspected to be the source of the toxic chemical waste. The company admitted that there was a sewage pipe connecting the plant and the ocean and it was reported that several days before the incident, 300 tons of chemicals were imported by Formosa in order to clean the pipe. Formosa was later ordered by Vietnamese authorities to remove those sewage pipes. However, the Vietnamese government denied that the Formosa steel plant was linked to the disaster.

text: The Formosa steel plant is suspected to be the source of the toxic chemical waste. The company admitted that there was a sewage pipe connecting the plant and the ocean and it was reported that several days before the incident, 300 tons of chemicals were imported by Formosa in order to clean the pipe. Formosa was later ordered by Vietnamese authorities to remove those sewage pipes. However, the Vietnamese government denied that the Formosa steel plant was linked to the disaster.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 300 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxic chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemical waste

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 300 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical waste.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: sewage pipe

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Formosa steel plant

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic chemical waste.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: toxic chemical waste.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Formosa steel plant

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemical waste.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Formosa steel plant

text: More recently, Buster helped develop a testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble. It is now marketed in Europe under the brand name Intrinsa. The product – a trans-dermal patch – is designed to deliver chemically identical testosterone directly into the micro vascular circulation-much like an artificial endocrine organ. Buster was lead investigator in a major study that demonstrated the effectiveness of this patch to treat decreased sexual desire in oophorectomised, postmenopausal women (13). These patches are in use outside of the United States to treat hypoactive sexual desire in women who are deficient of androgens.

text: More recently, Buster helped develop a

text: testosterone

text: delivery system for women researched by

text: Procter & Gamble

text: . It is now marketed in Europe under the brand name

text: Intrinsa

text: . The product – a trans-dermal patch – is designed to deliver chemically identical testosterone directly into the micro vascular circulation-much like an artificial endocrine organ. Buster was lead investigator in a major study that demonstrated the effectiveness of this patch to treat decreased sexual desire in oophorectomised, postmenopausal women (13). These patches are in use outside of the United States to treat hypoactive sexual desire in women who are deficient of androgens.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: testosterone

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Procter & Gamble.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: oophorectomised,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: testosterone delivery system for women researched by Procter & Gamble.

text: Once waterborne, debris becomes mobile. Flotsam can be blown by the wind, or follow the flow of ocean currents, often ending up in the middle of oceanic gyres where currents are weakest. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is one such example of this, comprising a vast region of the North Pacific Ocean rich with anthropogenic wastes. Estimated to be double the size of Texas, the area contains more than 3 million tons of plastic. In fact, patches may be large enough to be picked up by satellites. For example, when the Malaysian Flight MH370, disappeared in 2014, satellites were scanning the oceans surface for any sign of it, and instead of finding debris from the plane they came across floating garbage.  The gyre contains approximately six pounds of plastic for every pound of plankton. The oceans may contain as much as one hundred million tons of plastic.  Its estimated that each garbage patch in the ocean have up to one million tons of trash swirling around in them, sometimes extending down to around one hundred feet below the surface. Some items that have been extracted from these garbage patches are: a drum of hazardous chemicals, plastic hangers, tires, cable cords, a ton of tangled netting etc.

text: Once waterborne, debris becomes mobile. Flotsam can be blown by the wind, or follow the flow of

text: ocean current

text: s, often ending up in the middle of

text: oceanic gyre

text: s where currents are weakest. The

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: is one such example of this, comprising a vast region of the North

text: Pacific Ocean

text: rich with anthropogenic wastes. Estimated to be double the size of

text: Texas

text: , the area contains more than 3 million tons of plastic. In fact, patches may be large enough to be picked up by satellites. For example, when the Malaysian Flight

text: , disappeared in 2014, satellites were scanning the oceans surface for any sign of it, and instead of finding debris from the plane they came across floating garbage.  The gyre contains approximately six pounds of plastic for every pound of

text: plankton

text: . The oceans may contain as much as one hundred million

text: ton

text: s of plastic.  Its estimated that each garbage patch in the ocean have up to one million tons of trash swirling around in them, sometimes extending down to around one hundred feet below the surface. Some items that have been extracted from these garbage patches are: a drum of hazardous chemicals, plastic hangers, tires, cable cords, a ton of tangled netting etc.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: as much as one hundred million tons of plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: hazardous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: How many pounds of plastic does the gyre contain?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it contains hazardous chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: six pounds of plastic for every pound of plankton.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The oceans may contain as much as one hundred million tons of plastic.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic hangers, tires, cable cords,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: six pounds of plastic for every pound of plankton.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The oceans may contain as much as one hundred million tons of plastic.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: six pounds of plastic for every pound of plankton.

text: The cave and  encompassing the sinkhole and cave entrance are owned by a private conservancy organization.  This organization is composed of volunteers who monitor the condition of the cave, remove garbage and graffiti, conduct research, and work with the police to deter people from gathering at the cave to drink, use drugs, vandalize, etc. The exact location of the cave is not advertised, but the location is well-known to locals and the public may explore the cave from 6:00-21:00 every day as long as the posted rules are followed.

text: The cave and  encompassing the sinkhole and cave entrance are owned by a private conservancy organization.  This organization is composed of volunteers who monitor the condition of the cave, remove garbage and graffiti, conduct research, and work with the police to deter people from gathering at the cave to drink, use drugs, vandalize, etc. The exact location of the cave is not advertised, but the location is well-known to locals and the public may explore the cave from 6:00-21:00 every day as long as the posted rules are followed.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: graffiti,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 6:00-21:00 every day as long as the posted rules are followed.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: drugs,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage and graffiti,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 6:00-21:00 every day as long as the posted rules are followed.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: graffiti,

text: Most of the error sources on the previous list stem from either standard instrument errors (Antenna, System Pointing, etc.) or noise from external sources measurement signal (Solar, Galactic, etc.).  However, the largest error source comes from the effect of ocean surface roughness.  A rough ocean surface tends to cause an increase in the measured brightness temperature  as a result of multiple scattering and shadowing effects.  Quantifying the influence of ocean roughness to the measured temperature brightness is crucial to make an accurate measurement. Some instruments use radar scatterometers to measure the surface roughness to account for this source of error.

text: Most of the error sources on the previous list stem from either standard instrument errors (Antenna, System Pointing, etc.) or noise from external sources measurement signal (Solar, Galactic, etc.).  However, the largest error source comes from the effect of ocean surface roughness.  A rough ocean surface tends to cause an increase in the measured brightness temperature  as a result of multiple scattering and shadowing effects.  Quantifying the influence of ocean roughness to the measured temperature brightness is crucial to make an accurate measurement. Some instruments use

text: radar scatterometer

text: s to measure the surface roughness to account for this source of error.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ocean surface roughness

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a source of error

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean surface roughness

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: standard instrument errors (Antenna, System Pointing,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the largest error source comes from the effect of ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the largest error source comes from the effect of ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean surface roughness.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: ocean surface roughness.

text: The Trans-Oceanic is considered by many the best-designed mass-produced portable radio made. Zenith for the most part, until the end of the model line, used the latest cost-effective technology advances and materials in Trans-Oceanics. The Trans-Oceanic model line ran from 1942 to 1982. For years it was the top selling "high-end" portable multiband radio until it was finally eclipsed by Sony with their digital tuning ICF-2001 and ICF2010 in the 1980s, which put the Trans-Oceanic out of business.

text: The Trans-Oceanic is considered by many the best-designed mass-produced portable radio made. Zenith for the most part, until the end of the model line, used the latest cost-effective technology advances and materials in Trans-Oceanics. The Trans-Oceanic model line ran from 1942 to 1982. For years it was the top selling "high-end" portable multiband radio until it was finally eclipsed by

text: Sony

text: with their digital tuning ICF-2001 and ICF2010 in the 1980s, which put the Trans-Oceanic out of business.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1942 to 1982.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: portable radio

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Trans-Oceanic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: digital tuning ICF-2001

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Trans-Oceanic

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1942 to 1982.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1942 to 1982.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Trans-Oceanic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Trans-Oceanic

text: Bass on "Tell Me Where It Hurts" was performed by Daniel Shulman, who had been Garbage's touring bassist from 1995 until 2002, as well as performing on tracks from both Version 2.0 and Beautiful Garbage. This was his first appearance on a Garbage track since taking up an A&R position with Island Def Jam Music Group in 2003.

text: Bass

text: on "Tell Me Where It Hurts" was performed by

text: Daniel Shulman

text: , who had been Garbage's

text: touring

text: bassist

text: from 1995 until 2002, as well as performing on tracks from both

text: Version 2.0

text: and

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: . This was his first appearance on a Garbage track since taking up an

text: A&R

text: position with

text: Island Def Jam Music Group

text: in 2003.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage's touring bassist

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1995 until 2002,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Tell Me Where It Hurts"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bass on "Tell Me Where It Hurts"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Daniel Shulman,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1995 until 2002,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1995 until 2002,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 1995 until 2002,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Daniel Shulman,

text: Collectors should be aware of the historical nature of the location, and the fact that gathering old items is considered cultural theft in some areas of the world. In other areas sea glass is just another piece of trash on the beach. Most sea glass' historical context is lost to the sea, but its mere presence in some areas is the heritage and legacy of the location. National treasures made of former trash exist, such as is Glass Beach at Fort Bragg CA. The glass at Ft. Bragg is mostly from the mid-20th century.

text: Collectors should be aware of the historical nature of the location, and the fact that gathering old items is considered cultural theft in some areas of the world. In other areas sea glass is just another piece of trash on the beach. Most sea glass' historical context is lost to the sea, but its mere presence in some areas is the heritage and legacy of the location. National treasures made of former trash exist, such as is Glass Beach at Fort Bragg CA. The glass at Ft. Bragg is mostly from the mid-20th century.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Most sea glass' historical context is lost to the sea

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: sea glass' historical context is lost to the sea

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: sea glass is just another piece of trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: mid-20th century.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: sea glass

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: sea glass

text: The Great Pacific garbage patch has one of the highest levels known of plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. As a result, it is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the effects and impact of plastic photodegradation in the neustonic layer of water. Unlike organic debris, which biodegrades, the photodegraded plastic disintegrates into ever smaller pieces while remaining a polymer. This process continues down to the molecular level.As the plastic flotsam photodegrades into smaller and smaller pieces, it concentrates in the upper water column. As it disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface. In this way, plastic may become concentrated in neuston, thereby entering the food chain.

text: The Great Pacific garbage patch has one of the highest levels known of plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. As a result, it is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the effects and impact of plastic

text: photodegradation

text: in the

text: neustonic

text: layer of water. Unlike organic debris, which

text: biodegrades

text: , the photodegraded plastic disintegrates into ever smaller pieces while remaining a

text: polymer

text: . This process continues down to the

text: molecular level

text: .As the plastic

text: flotsam

text: photodegrades into smaller and smaller pieces, it concentrates in the upper water column. As it disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface. In this way, plastic may become concentrated in

text: neuston

text: , thereby entering the

text: food chain

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch has one of the highest levels known of plastic particulate

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ingested by aquatic organisms

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic debris,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: food chain.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic may become concentrated in neuston, thereby entering the food chain.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column.

text: While evidence from the previous case study does not indicate hazardous agricultural practices, a second study was conducted testing the toxicity of soil used in the farming of maize. This research focused on determining levels of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) arsenic, lead, chromium, and nickel. Samples were taken from 40 farms throughout the country and toxic levels of these elements were found in several samples from different farms. The likely causes of this increase in toxins are increased use of pesticides, mining, and improper waste disposal. Although very small quantities of PTEs are found in soil naturally, the increased levels found in Tanzania are the result of human actions. Intensive use of pesticides increases the prevalence of toxic chemicals as evidenced by previous case studies. However, this experiment drew conclusive evidence that agricultural practices do contribute to toxins in the soil – contradictory to previous evidence. Excessive mining also releases PTEs from rocks and into surrounding sediment and water systems. Finally, the improper disposal of chemical waste further increases PTE concentration. Crops that are high in lead and nickel are seen as unfit for human consumption. Therefore, after analyzing the results, researchers recommended that humans neither consume nor feed their animals the maize that was found to be high in PTEs. Not only were the crops contaminated, but the soil was as well. These tests indicated levels of PTEs above the recommended limits in the tissues of the maize grown as well as the soil. While it is true that PTEs pollute crops, they also inhibit the soil from taking up nutrients which further reduces the overall yield. The high concentrations of these chemicals pose a potential health risk among the Tanzanian people.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: improper waste disposal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are the result of human actions

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: small quantities

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PTEs.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: PTEs from rocks and into surrounding sediment and water systems.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: lead and nickel

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: lead and nickel

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: PTE concentration.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: lead and nickel are seen as unfit for human consumption.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: PTEs.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: lead and nickel are seen as unfit for human consumption.

text: In the 2006 International Coastal Cleanup, cigarettes and cigarette butts constituted 24.7% of the total collected pieces of garbage, over twice as many as any other category, which is not surprising seeing the numbers in the table above of waste produced each year.Cigarette filters contain the chemicals filtered from cigarettes and can leach into waterways and water supplies. The toxicity of used cigarette filters depends on the specific tobacco blend and additives used by the cigarette companies. After a cigarette is smoked, the filter retains some of the chemicals, and some of which are considered carcinogenic. When studying the environmental impact of cigarette filters, the various chemicals that can be found in cigarette filters are not studied individually, due to its complexity.  Researchers instead focus on the whole cigarette filter and its LD.  LD is defined as the lethal dose that kills 50% of a sample population.  This allows for a simpler study of the toxicity of cigarettes filters.  One recent study has looked at the toxicity of smoked cigarette filters (smoked filter + tobacco), smoked cigarette filters (no tobacco), and unsmoked cigarette filters (no tobacco). The results of the study showed that for the LDof both marine topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) and freshwater fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), smoked cigarette filters + tobacco are more toxic than smoked cigarette filters, but both are severely more toxic than unsmoked cigarette filters.

text: In the 2006 International Coastal Cleanup, cigarettes and cigarette butts constituted 24.7% of the total collected pieces of garbage, over twice as many as any other category, which is not surprising seeing the numbers in the table above of waste produced each year.Cigarette filters contain the chemicals filtered from cigarettes and can leach into waterways and

text: water supplies

text: . The toxicity of used cigarette filters depends on the specific tobacco blend and additives used by the cigarette companies. After a cigarette is smoked, the filter retains some of the chemicals, and some of which are considered

text: carcinogenic

text: . When studying the environmental impact of cigarette filters, the various chemicals that can be found in cigarette filters are not studied individually, due to its complexity.  Researchers instead focus on the whole cigarette filter and its LD.  LD is defined as the lethal dose that kills 50% of a sample population.  This allows for a simpler study of the toxicity of cigarettes filters.  One recent study has looked at the toxicity of smoked cigarette filters (smoked filter + tobacco), smoked cigarette filters (no tobacco), and unsmoked cigarette filters (no tobacco). The results of the study showed that for the LDof both marine topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) and freshwater

text: fathead minnow

text: (Pimephales promelas), smoked cigarette filters + tobacco are more toxic than smoked cigarette filters, but both are severely more toxic than unsmoked cigarette filters.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 24.7

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cigarette butts

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cigarette filters

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cigarette filters

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 24.7%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cigarettes and cigarette butts

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can leach into waterways and water supplies.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: year.Cigarette filters

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: year.Cigarette filters

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: cigarettes and cigarette butts constituted 24.7%

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2006 International Coastal Cleanup,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: leach into waterways and water supplies.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: cigarettes and cigarette butts

text: The 2004 marine production in Thailand was composed of: pelagic fish 33%, demersal fish 18%, cephalopod 7.5%, crustaceans 4.5%, trash fish 30% and others 7%. Trash fish refers to non-edible species, edible species of low commercial value and juveniles, which are released to the sea. Pelagic fishes were distributed between anchovies (Stolephorus spp., 19%), Indo-Pacific mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma, 18%), sardinellas (Sardinellars spp., 14%), scad (11%), longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol, 9%), eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis, 6%), trevallies (6%), bigeye scad (5%), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, 4%), king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla, 3%), torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla , 2%), wolf herrings (1%) and others (2%). Demersal fish production was dominated by purple-spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus), threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), slender lizardfish (Saurida elongata) and Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis). Most species are overfished since the 1970s–1990s, except for Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commersoni), carangidae and torpedo scad (Meggalaspis spp.). The overall overfishing rate was 333% for pelagic and 245% for demersal species in 1991. Cephalopods are divided into squid, cuttlefish and molluscs, where squid and cuttlefish in Thai waters consists of 10 families, 17 genera and over 30 species. The main mollusk species captured in the Andaman Sea are scallop, blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and short-necked clam. Their collection requires bottom dredge gears, which damage the sea floor and the gears themselves and are becoming unpopular. So, the mollusk production has decreased from 27,374 tonnes in 1999 to 318 tonnes in 2004. While crustaceans composed only 4.5% of the total marine products in 2004 by volume, they accounted for 21% of the total value. They were dominated by banana prawn, tiger prawn, king prawn, school prawn, bay lobster (Thenus orientalis), mantis shrimp, swimming crabs and mud crabs. The total catch in 2004 was 51,607 tonnes for squid and cuttlefish and 36,071 tonnes for crustaceans.

text: The 2004 marine production in Thailand was composed of:

text: pelagic fish

text: demersal fish

text: cephalopod

text: 7.5%, crustaceans 4.5%, trash fish 30% and others 7%. Trash fish refers to non-edible species, edible species of low commercial value and juveniles, which are released to the sea. Pelagic fishes were distributed between anchovies (Stolephorus spp., 19%), Indo-Pacific mackerel (

text: Rastrelliger

text: brachysoma, 18%),

text: sardinella

text: s (Sardinellars spp., 14%),

text: scad

text: (11%), longtail tuna (

text: Thunnus tonggol

text: , 9%), eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis, 6%),

text: trevallies

text: bigeye scad

text: Indian mackerel

text: (Rastrelliger kanagurta, 4%),

text: king mackerel

text: (Scomberomorus cavalla, 3%),

text: torpedo scad

text: (Megalaspis cordyla , 2%),

text: wolf herring

text: s (1%) and others (2%). Demersal fish production was dominated by

text: purple-spotted bigeye

text: (Priacanthus tayenus),

text: threadfin bream

text: (Nemipterus hexodon),

text: brushtooth lizardfish

text: (Saurida undosquamis),

text: slender lizardfish

text: (Saurida elongata) and Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis). Most species are

text: overfished

text: since the 1970s–1990s, except for

text: Spanish mackerel

text: (Scomberomorus commersoni),

text: carangidae

text: and

text: torpedo scad

text: (Meggalaspis spp.). The overall

text: overfishing

text: rate was 333% for pelagic and 245% for demersal species in 1991. Cephalopods are divided into squid,

text: cuttlefish

text: and molluscs, where squid and cuttlefish in Thai waters consists of 10 families, 17 genera and over 30 species. The main mollusk species captured in the Andaman Sea are

text: scallop

text: blood cockle

text: (Anadara granosa) and short-necked clam. Their collection requires bottom dredge gears, which damage the sea floor and the gears themselves and are becoming unpopular. So, the mollusk production has decreased from 27,374 tonnes in 1999 to 318 tonnes in 2004. While crustaceans composed only 4.5% of the total marine products in 2004 by volume, they accounted for 21% of the total value. They were dominated by

text: banana prawn

text: tiger prawn

text: , king prawn, school prawn, bay lobster (

text: Thenus orientalis

text: ), mantis shrimp, swimming crabs and

text: mud crabs

text: . The total catch in 2004 was 51,607 tonnes for squid and cuttlefish and 36,071 tonnes for crustaceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 7%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash fish

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Trash fish

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash fish

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: non-edible species

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 7%.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Trash fish

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: torpedo scad

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: torpedo scad

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash fish 30% and others 7%. Trash fish

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Demersal fish

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Spanish mackerel

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: non-edible

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Spanish mackerel

text: Propyleneimine (2-methylaziridine) is a toxic chemical compound.

text: Propyleneimine (2-methylaziridine) is a

text: toxic

text: chemical compound

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ten percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause cancer

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: propyleneimine is present

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Propyleneimine (2-methylaziridine)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Propyleneimine

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemical compound.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Propyleneimine

text: Many observers noticed an immediate increase in piles of trash on the streets of Cairo after the pig cull. Because in the Zabbaleen system of recycling, it is the pigs who initially eat the organic waste, the pig cull had a negative effect on the cleanliness of Cairo's streets. According to Khalil in an article by Al Masry Al Youm, "The elimination of the pigs prompted more trash than usual to immediately start clogging the streets of the capital." In a New York Times article from September 2009, Slackman states that the Egyptian government was warned before its actual execution that the pig cull, if executed, "the city would be overwhelmed with trash." Slackman notes that after the pig cull, "rotting food piles up on the streets of middle-class neighborhoods like Heliopolis and in the poor streets of communities like Imbaba." In an article by Bloomberg, Williams also observes a garbage crisis piling up on the streets of Cairo after the pig cull. This piling up of organic MSW became hazardous because the organic waste then became a source of infectious diseases and led to an increase of rat infestation.

text: Many observers noticed an immediate increase in piles of trash on the streets of Cairo after the pig cull. Because in the Zabbaleen system of recycling, it is the pigs who initially eat the organic waste, the pig cull had a negative effect on the cleanliness of Cairo's streets. According to Khalil in an article by Al Masry Al Youm, "The elimination of the pigs prompted more trash than usual to immediately start clogging the streets of the capital." In a New York Times article from September 2009, Slackman states that the Egyptian government was warned before its actual execution that the pig cull, if executed, "the city would be overwhelmed with trash." Slackman notes that after the pig cull, "rotting food piles up on the streets of middle-class neighborhoods like Heliopolis and in the poor streets of communities like Imbaba." In an article by Bloomberg, Williams also observes a garbage crisis piling up on the streets of Cairo after the pig cull. This piling up of organic MSW became hazardous because the organic waste then became a source of infectious diseases and led to an increase of rat infestation.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic MSW

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a source of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic MSW

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic MSW

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash on the streets of Cairo after the pig cull.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2009,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: pig cull.

text: In contrast, many organisms that disperse actively should have no reason to remain in a sink patch, provided the organisms are able to recognize it as a poor quality patch (see discussion of ecological traps ).  The reasoning behind this argument is that organisms are often expected to behave according to the “ideal free distribution,” which describes a population in which individuals distribute themselves evenly among habitat patches according to how many individuals the patch can support.  When there are patches of varying quality available, the ideal free distribution predicts a pattern of “balanced dispersal”.  In this model, when the preferred habitat patch becomes crowded enough that the average fitness (survival rate or reproductive success) of the individuals in the patch drops below the average fitness in a second, lower quality patch, individuals are expected to move to the second patch.  However, as soon as the second patch becomes sufficiently crowded, individuals are expected to move back to the first patch.  Eventually, the patches should become balanced so that the average fitness of the individuals in each patch and the rates of dispersal between the two patches are even.  In this balanced dispersal model, the probability of leaving a patch is inversely proportional to the carrying capacity of the patch.  In this case, individuals should not remain in sink habitat for very long, where the carrying capacity is zero and the probability of leaving is therefore very high.

text: In contrast, many organisms that disperse actively should have no reason to remain in a sink patch, provided the organisms are able to recognize it as a poor quality patch (see discussion of

text: ecological traps

text: ).  The reasoning behind this argument is that organisms are often expected to behave according to the “

text: ideal free distribution

text: ,” which describes a population in which individuals distribute themselves evenly among habitat patches according to how many individuals the patch can support.  When there are patches of varying quality available, the ideal free distribution predicts a pattern of “balanced dispersal”.  In this model, when the preferred habitat patch becomes crowded enough that the average

text: fitness

text: (survival rate or reproductive success) of the individuals in the patch drops below the average fitness in a second, lower quality patch, individuals are expected to move to the second patch.  However, as soon as the second patch becomes sufficiently crowded, individuals are expected to move back to the first patch.  Eventually, the patches should become balanced so that the average fitness of the individuals in each patch and the rates of dispersal between the two patches are even.  In this balanced dispersal model, the probability of leaving a patch is inversely proportional to the carrying capacity of the patch.  In this case, individuals should not remain in sink habitat for very long, where the carrying capacity is zero and the probability of leaving is therefore very high.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: sink habitat

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: sink habitat

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: sink patch,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ecological traps

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ecological traps

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: “ideal free distribution,”

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: “ideal free distribution,”

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ecological traps

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: “ideal free distribution,”

text: "The Chemicals" is a stand-alone single released by alternative rock band Garbage for Record Store Day 2015. The song is the first track recorded by the band during sessions for their sixth album to be released. "The Chemicals" features Brian Aubert (of Silversun Pickups) on co-vocals. Drummer Butch Vig described "The Chemicals" as "a very dense Garbage track".

text: "The Chemicals" is a stand-alone single released by

text: alternative rock

text: band

text: Garbage

text: for

text: Record Store Day

text: 2015. The song is the first track recorded by the band during sessions for their sixth album to be released. "The Chemicals" features

text: Brian Aubert

text: (of

text: Silversun Pickups

text: ) on co-vocals. Drummer

text: Butch Vig

text: described "The Chemicals" as "a very dense Garbage track".

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "The Chemicals"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "The Chemicals"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 2015.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 2015.

text: A similar patch of floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean, called the North Atlantic garbage patch.

text: A similar patch of floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean, called the

text: North Atlantic garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: floating plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is floating

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean, called the North Atlantic garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: North Atlantic garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Atlantic garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Atlantic garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Atlantic garbage patch.

text: A similar patch of floating plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean, the Great Pacific garbage patch, was predicted in 1985, and discovered in 1997 by Charles J. Moore as he passed through the North Pacific Gyre on his return from the Transpacific Yacht Race. The North Atlantic garbage patch was discovered in 2010.

text: A similar patch of floating plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean, the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: , was predicted in 1985, and discovered in 1997 by

text: Charles J. Moore

text: as he passed through the North Pacific Gyre on his return from the

text: Transpacific Yacht Race

text: . The

text: North Atlantic garbage patch

text: was discovered in 2010.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: floating plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North Atlantic garbage patch was discovered in 2010.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean, the Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific Gyre on his return from the Transpacific Yacht Race.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre on his return from the Transpacific Yacht Race.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Gyre

text: In addition to hosting the International Coastal Cleanup every year, Ocean Conservancy partners with industry, government, nonprofits and academia to develop ocean trash solutions, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: In addition to hosting the International Coastal Cleanup every year, Ocean Conservancy partners with industry, government, nonprofits and academia to develop ocean trash solutions, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industry

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean trash solutions, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target given the source and patch, one may simply include the entire target in the patch and "apply" the patch by discarding the source and outputting the target that has been included in the patch; similarly, if the source and target have the same size one may create a simple patch by XORing source and target. In both these cases, the patch will be as large as the target. As these examples show, if the only concern is reconstruction of target, this is easily done, at the expense of a large patch, and the main concern for general-purpose binary differencing is reducing the patch size.

text: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target given the source and patch, one may simply include the entire target in the patch and "apply" the patch by discarding the source and outputting the target that has been included in the patch; similarly, if the source and target have the same size one may create a simple patch by

text: XOR

text: ing source and target. In both these cases, the patch will be as large as the target. As these examples show, if the only concern is reconstruction of target, this is easily done, at the expense of a large patch, and the main concern for general-purpose binary differencing is reducing the patch size.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be XORed

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: as large as the target.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: binary differencing

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: reducing the patch size.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: reducing the patch size.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: If one simply wishes to reconstruct the target

text: It is important to note that Seokjeok is a clean city.  It is uncommon to find cigarette butts or spent chewing gum in the streets.  High-rise apartment complexes dominate the landscape.  In these large complexes, there is a cultural analogue to freecycling, whereby disused or no longer needed items such as furniture, small appliances, and window dressings are not discarded, but put either on the street or in enclosures reserved for that purpose.  Perfectly serviceable items can be obtained for free simply by picking them up from the street.  Specialized bins are reserved for general trash, food garbage, and recycling, and any attempt to place an item in an inappropriate bin will be met with a correction from a citizen or security officer.

text: It is important to note that Seokjeok is a clean city.  It is uncommon to find cigarette butts or spent chewing gum in the streets.  High-rise apartment complexes dominate the landscape.  In these large complexes, there is a cultural analogue to

text: freecycling

text: , whereby disused or no longer needed items such as furniture, small appliances, and window dressings are not discarded, but put either on the street or in enclosures reserved for that purpose.  Perfectly serviceable items can be obtained for free simply by picking them up from the street.  Specialized bins are reserved for general trash, food garbage, and recycling, and any attempt to place an item in an inappropriate bin will be met with a correction from a citizen or security officer.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food garbage

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food garbage,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: cigarette butts or spent chewing gum

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cigarette butts or spent chewing gum

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: High-rise apartment complexes

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: cigarette butts or spent chewing gum

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: cigarette butts or spent chewing gum

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: disused or no longer needed items

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: High-rise apartment complexes

text: Meine Stimme für den Müll! = My vote for the trash!

text: Meine Stimme für den Müll! = My vote for the trash!

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The North Pacific Gyre is estimated to have a mass of 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Müll!

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Müll!

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Meine Stimme für den Müll!

text: The up-tempo song, whose lyrics focus on a relationship is somewhat reminiscent of Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

text: The up-tempo song, whose lyrics focus on a relationship is somewhat reminiscent of Suede's biggest selling single "

text: Trash

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Suede's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Suede's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Suede's biggest selling single "Trash".

text: In 2008 the Foundation organized the JUNK Raft project, to "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution in the ocean", and specifically the Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre, by sailing 2,600 miles across the Pacific Ocean on a  raft made from an old Cessna 310 aircraft fuselage and six pontoons filled with 15,000 old plastic bottles. Crewed by Dr. Marcus Eriksen of the Foundation, and film-maker Joel Paschal, the raft set off from Long Beach, California on 1 June 2008, arriving in Honolulu, Hawaii on 28 August 2008. On the way, they gave valuable water supplies to Ocean rower Roz Savage, also on an environmental awareness voyage.

text: In 2008 the Foundation organized the

text: JUNK Raft

text: project, to "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution in the ocean", and specifically the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: trapped in the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: , by sailing 2,600 miles across the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: on a  raft made from an old

text: Cessna 310

text: aircraft fuselage and six pontoons filled with 15,000 old plastic bottles. Crewed by Dr. Marcus Eriksen of the Foundation, and film-maker Joel Paschal, the raft set off from

text: Long Beach, California

text: on 1 June 2008, arriving in

text: Honolulu, Hawaii

text: on 28 August 2008. On the way, they gave valuable water supplies to Ocean rower

text: Roz Savage

text: , also on an environmental awareness voyage.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 15,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 15,000 old plastic bottles.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic debris and pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic bottles.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Bleed Like Me is a departure from the heavily-electronic music of previous albums Version 2.0 and Beautiful Garbage in favor of a basic alternative rock sound. Vig said that while the band tried to figure out a new sound for the record, they "went back to getting great sounds from guitars". The band tried a more spontaneous approach; Manson did most of her singing in the first take and the drums were recorded in a way "that everything was not perfectly balancedand not so electronic". The band members tried to translate the energy of the band's live performances onto the album; Marker said that the album showed that above all, Garbage is "a loud rock band". Vig still thought that some of the songs resembled the band's earlier material, such as "Metal Heart", with "a lot of weird electronics that Steve and Duke did, as well as some pretty gnarly guitar."

text: Bleed Like Me is a departure from the heavily-electronic music of previous albums

text: Version 2.0

text: and Beautiful Garbage in favor of a basic

text: alternative rock

text: sound. Vig said that while the band tried to figure out a new sound for the record, they "went back to getting great sounds from guitars". The band tried a more spontaneous approach; Manson did most of her singing in the first take and the drums were recorded in a way "that everything was not perfectly balancedand not so electronic". The band members tried to translate the energy of the band's live performances onto the album; Marker said that the album showed that above all, Garbage is "a loud rock band". Vig still thought that some of the songs resembled the band's earlier material, such as "Metal Heart", with "a lot of weird electronics that Steve and Duke did, as well as some pretty gnarly guitar."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a lot

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bleed Like Me is a departure from the heavily-electronic music

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: guitars".

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: heavily-electronic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bleed Like Me

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bleed Like Me

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Bleed Like Me

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Bleed Like Me

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Bleed Like Me

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: heavily-electronic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Bleed Like Me

text: According to music critic Robert Christgau, Johansen used ambiguity as a lyrical mode on the song, particularly when the lyric "please don't you ask me if I love you" is followed by "if you don't know what I do", and later by "'Cause I don't know why I do". He replaces the phrase "life" in "Don't take my life away" with "knife", "night", and "lights" when singing the lyric at different times throughout the song. Both Strongman and rock photographer Bob Gruen felt that the other chorus about needing to "pick up" trash gave the song an ecological theme: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

text: According to music critic

text: Robert Christgau

text: , Johansen used

text: ambiguity

text: as a lyrical mode on the song, particularly when the lyric "please don't you ask me if I love you" is followed by "if you don't know what I do", and later by "'Cause I don't know why I do". He replaces the phrase "life" in "Don't take my life away" with "knife", "night", and "lights" when singing the lyric at different times throughout the song. Both Strongman and rock photographer

text: Bob Gruen

text: felt that the other chorus about needing to "pick up" trash gave the song an

text: ecological

text: theme: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ecological

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: don't throw my life away

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ecological

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "knife", "night", and "lights"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: According to music critic Robert Christgau,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ecological theme:

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Trash, pick it up, don't throw my life away."

text: The short term for a police officer (regardless of gender) is militsioner (Russian: милиционер, Ukrainian: мiлiцiонер). Slang terms for militsioner include ment (plural: менты, menty) and musor (plural: мусора, musora). Although the latter word is offensive (it literally means "trash" or "garbage"), it originated from an acronym for the Moscow Criminal Investigations Department (МУС, short for Московский уголовный сыск) in Imperial Russia. Ment is a close equivalent to the English slang term "cop" and has derived from the Lwów dialect.

text: The short term for a police officer (regardless of gender) is militsioner (Russian: милиционер, Ukrainian: мiлiцiонер). Slang terms for militsioner include ment (plural: менты, menty) and musor (plural: мусора, musora). Although the latter word is offensive (it literally means "trash" or "garbage"), it originated from an acronym for the Moscow Criminal Investigations Department (МУС, short for Московский уголовный сыск) in

text: Imperial Russia

text: . Ment is a close equivalent to the English slang term "cop" and has derived from the

text: Lwów dialect

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ment

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Moscow Criminal Investigations Department

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "trash" or "garbage"),

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "trash" or "garbage"),

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: militsioner

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: musor

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: musor

text: The official website of the documentary Garbage Dreams states that, "Far ahead of any modern 'Green' initiatives, the Zabbaleen survive by recycling 80 percent of the garbage they collect." By comparison, most Western garbage collecting companies can only recycle about 20 to 25 percent of the waste that they collect. After the takeover of the municipal waste collection, the three private companies, two from Spain and one from Italy, that were awarded with contracts to dispose of Cairo's trash were only required to recycled 20 percent of the trash that they collect. The rest of the trash that foreign companies do not recycle are placed into new landfills. The efficiency and environmental-friendliness of the Zabbaleen "waste collection and recycling system received major world recognition and approval at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992." The Mega-Cities Project sought to encourage the Zabbaleen system of waste collection and recycling as a model to be encouraged in other developing world cities such as Manila and Mumbai. The Zabbaleen waste collection system has received international funding from the World Bank, the Ford Foundation and Oxfam for specific projects to upgrade and improve the recycling of solid waste.

text: The official website of the documentary Garbage Dreams states that, "Far ahead of any modern 'Green' initiatives, the Zabbaleen survive by recycling 80 percent of the garbage they collect." By comparison, most Western garbage collecting companies can only recycle about 20 to 25 percent of the waste that they collect. After the takeover of the municipal waste collection, the three private companies, two from Spain and one from Italy, that were awarded with contracts to dispose of Cairo's trash were only required to recycled 20 percent of the trash that they collect. The rest of the trash that foreign companies do not recycle are placed into new landfills. The efficiency and environmental-friendliness of the Zabbaleen "waste collection and recycling system received major world recognition and approval at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992." The Mega-Cities Project sought to encourage the Zabbaleen system of waste collection and recycling as a model to be encouraged in other developing world cities such as Manila and Mumbai. The Zabbaleen waste collection system has received international funding from the World Bank, the Ford Foundation and Oxfam for specific projects to upgrade and improve the recycling of solid waste.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Dreams

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recycling

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 20 to 25 percent of the waste that they collect.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 20 to 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 20 to 25 percent of the waste that they collect.

text: A junk raft is a type of home-built watercraft made of plastic bottles or other recycled materials constructed by artists and community-minded groups organizing recreational flotillas or by environmentally concerned individuals seeking to draw attention to the problem of floating debris, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and the need for recycling. It can also be an improvised small, functional watercraft from readily available materials.

text: A junk raft is a type of home-built watercraft made of plastic bottles or other recycled materials constructed by artists and community-minded groups organizing recreational flotillas or by environmentally concerned individuals seeking to draw attention to the problem of floating debris, the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: , and the need for recycling. It can also be an improvised small, functional watercraft from readily available materials.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: floating debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: junk raft

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

text: Just like the first game, Puyo fall from the top of the screen in pairs, can be moved left and right, and can be rotated clockwise and counter-clockwise by 90°; if the third column from the left fills up to the top, the game is over. The game has multiple new rules. The first extended rule added to this game was called Sousai (Garbage Countering). This will allow a player to counter and negate garbage being sent by the opponent with chains of their own. Sousai can also be used to send garbage back to the opponent, known as Garbage overflow. The standard ojamas were kept with the release of Puyo Puyo Tsu, however, two new garbage types also appeared, known as Point Puyos and Hard Puyos. Point Puyos, when erased adjacently with neighbouring groups of puyos, add points to your overall score, and can also make your chains more powerful in the short-term. Hard Puyos, when they land on the field, are harder to erase than Standard Garbage or Point Puyos, and are often referred to as Steelies.

text: Just like the first game, Puyo fall from the top of the screen in pairs, can be moved left and right, and can be rotated clockwise and counter-clockwise by 90°; if the third column from the left fills up to the top, the game is over. The game has multiple new rules. The first extended rule added to this game was called Sousai (Garbage Countering). This will allow a player to counter and negate garbage being sent by the opponent with chains of their own. Sousai can also be used to send garbage back to the opponent, known as Garbage overflow. The standard ojamas were kept with the release of Puyo Puyo Tsu, however, two new garbage types also appeared, known as Point Puyos and Hard Puyos. Point Puyos, when erased adjacently with neighbouring groups of puyos, add points to your overall score, and can also make your chains more powerful in the short-term. Hard Puyos, when they land on the field, are harder to erase than Standard Garbage or Point Puyos, and are often referred to as Steelies.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Steelies

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Point Puyos

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Countering

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Point Puyos

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Hard Puyos,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Puyo Puyo Tsu,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Point Puyos and Hard Puyos.

text: Like many parts of Naples, the commune of San Giorgio a Cremano has suffered badly in recent years from the crippling garbage crisis that has affected the whole city. Particularly during festive seasons such as Easter and Christmas, large piles of uncollected garbage have regularly been allowed to build up in the streets, creating an unsightly image and a serious health concern. As with other parts of the city, the frustration of local residents has sometimes boiled over in the form of them setting fire to the piles, which often contain chemicals and plastics that give off toxic fumes, creating a further health hazard, and posing a serious threat to firemen called to tackle the dangerous blazes.

text: Like many parts of Naples, the commune of San Giorgio a Cremano has suffered badly in recent years from the crippling

text: garbage crisis

text: that has affected the whole city. Particularly during festive seasons such as Easter and Christmas, large piles of uncollected garbage have regularly been allowed to build up in the streets, creating an unsightly image and a serious health concern. As with other parts of the city, the frustration of local residents has sometimes boiled over in the form of them setting fire to the piles, which often contain chemicals and plastics that give off toxic fumes, creating a further health hazard, and posing a serious threat to firemen called to tackle the dangerous blazes.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastics in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic fumes

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals and plastics

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastics that give off toxic fumes,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: fumes,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic fumes,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: crippling garbage crisis

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: the commune of San Giorgio a Cremano

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic fumes,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastics that give off toxic fumes,

text: The city's garbage is brought to the Garbage City in Manshiyat Naser by the Zabbaleen (garbage collectors), who then sort through the garbage to attempt to retrieve any potentially useful or recyclable items. As a passerby walks or drives down the road he will see large rooms stacked with garbage with men, women or children crouching and sorting the garbage into unsellable or sellable. Families typically specialize in a particular type of garbage they sort and sell — one room of children sorting out plastic bottles, while the next of women separating cans from the rest. Anything that can be reused or recycled is saved by one of the numerous families in Manshiyat Naser. Various recycled paper and glass products are made and sold from the city, while metal is sold by the kilo to be melted down and reused. Carts pulled by horse or donkey are often stacked  high with the recyclable goods.

text: The city's garbage is brought to the Garbage City in Manshiyat Naser by the

text: Zabbaleen

text: (garbage collectors), who then sort through the garbage to attempt to retrieve any potentially useful or recyclable items. As a passerby walks or drives down the road he will see large rooms stacked with garbage with men, women or children crouching and sorting the garbage into unsellable or sellable. Families typically specialize in a particular type of garbage they sort and sell — one room of children sorting out plastic bottles, while the next of women separating cans from the rest. Anything that can be reused or recycled is saved by one of the numerous families in Manshiyat Naser. Various recycled paper and glass products are made and sold from the city, while metal is sold by the kilo to be melted down and reused. Carts pulled by horse or donkey are often stacked  high with the

text: recyclable

text: goods.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unsellable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: metal is sold by the kilo

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Manshiyat Naser

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Manshiyat Naser

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: one room of children sorting out plastic bottles,

text: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles, but also included shoe soles, plastic buckets, patio chairs, Styrofoam pieces, old toys and fishing vessel buoys, and a large collection of floating debris entangled in fishing net. Various types of marine life were found on, around and within the larger types of debris. Some of the garbage collected was put on display at the Bay Model Visitor Center in Sausalito, California.

text: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles, but also included

text: shoe sole

text: s, plastic

text: bucket

text: s,

text: patio chairs

text: Styrofoam

text: pieces, old

text: toy

text: s and fishing vessel

text: buoy

text: s, and a large collection of floating debris entangled in

text: fishing net

text: . Various types of marine life were found on, around and within the larger types of debris. Some of the garbage collected was put on display at the

text: Bay Model Visitor Center

text: in

text: Sausalito, California

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: floating debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic bottles

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Styrofoam

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Various types of marine life

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Larger debris found consisted of mainly plastic bottles,

text: Continued use of many toxic chemicals is sometimes justified because "at very low levels they are not a concern to health". However, many of these substances may bioaccumulate in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations. They may also chemically react with one another, producing new substances with new risks.

text: Continued use of many toxic chemicals is sometimes justified because "at very low levels they are not a concern to health". However, many of these substances may

text: bioaccumulate

text: in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations. They may also

text: chemically react

text: with one another, producing new substances with new risks.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: may bioaccumulate

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bioaccumulate

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: dangerous concentrations.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: bioaccumulate in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: bioaccumulate in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: bioaccumulate in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bioaccumulate in the human body, thus reaching dangerous concentrations.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: dangerous concentrations.

text: Allantoin is present in botanical extracts of the comfrey plant and in the urine of most mammals. Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is safe, non-toxic, compatible with cosmetic raw materials and meets CTFA and JSCI requirements. Over 10,000 patents reference allantoin.

text: Allantoin is present in botanical

text: extract

text: s of the

text: comfrey

text: plant and in the

text: urine

text: of most mammals. Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is safe, non-toxic, compatible with cosmetic raw materials and meets

text: CTFA

text: and

text: JSCI

text: requirements. Over 10,000

text: patent

text: s reference allantoin.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Allantoin

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: allantoin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: allantoin

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mammals.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Allantoin

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Allantoin is present in botanical extracts

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Allantoin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Chemically synthesized

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: comfrey plant and in the urine of most mammals.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: non-toxic,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Allantoin

text: The Garbage Patch State was a transmedia project carried out under the patronage of UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment The transmedia project was born at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on 11 April 2013, consisting of installations, performances, and videos. A few months later, its National Pavilion was set up in the courtyard of Ca' Foscari University of Venice during the 55th edition of the Venice Biennale. The work travelled to Madrid with an installation on the Gran Via (Madrid) as a collateral event of the ARCO fair, followed by the opening of the Embassy at the MAXXI museum in Rome on the occasion of the Garbage Patch State’s first National Holyday.

text: The Garbage Patch State was a transmedia project carried out under the patronage of UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment The transmedia project was born at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on 11 April 2013, consisting of installations, performances, and videos. A few months later, its National Pavilion was set up in the courtyard of

text: Ca' Foscari University of Venice

text: during the 55th edition of the

text: Venice Biennale

text: . The work travelled to Madrid with an installation on the

text: Gran Via (Madrid)

text: as a collateral event of the ARCO fair, followed by the opening of the Embassy at the MAXXI museum in Rome on the occasion of the Garbage Patch State’s first National Holyday.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch State’s first National Holyday

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Patch State’s first National Holyday

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2013,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: UNESCO

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Patch State

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: UNESCO

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Patch State

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2013,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2013,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage Patch State

text: The effects of ocean acidification on the marine biosphere have yet to be documented.  Laboratory experiments suggest beneficial effects for a few species, with potentially highly detrimental effects for a substantial number of species.  With medium confidence, Fischlin et al. (2007) projected that future ocean acidification and climate change would impair a wide range of planktonic and shallow benthic marine organisms that use aragonite to make their shells or skeletons, such as corals and marine snails (pteropods), with significant impacts particularly in the Southern Ocean.

text: The effects of ocean acidification on the marine

text: biosphere

text: have yet to be documented.  Laboratory experiments suggest beneficial effects for a few species, with potentially highly detrimental effects for a substantial number of species.  With medium confidence, Fischlin et al. (2007) projected that future ocean acidification and climate change would impair a wide range of

text: plankton

text: ic and shallow

text: benthic

text: marine organisms that use

text: aragonite

text: to make their shells or skeletons, such as

text: coral

text: s and marine

text: snail

text: s (

text: pteropods

text: ), with significant impacts particularly in the Southern Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: significant impacts particularly in the Southern Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: acidification

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The effects of ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: acidification

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: potentially highly detrimental effects for a substantial number of species.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Southern Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Southern Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Southern Ocean.

text: Volunteers and sponsors collect and catalogue litter which is then collected for analysis on sources of garbage that enter the ocean. For example, in 2011, 1,665 shoreline cleanup sites were claimed and a collective length of  were cleaned, bringing in roughly 144 metric tonnes of garbage.

text: Volunteers and sponsors collect and catalogue litter which is then collected for analysis on sources of garbage that enter the ocean. For example, in 2011, 1,665 shoreline cleanup sites were claimed and a collective length of  were cleaned, bringing in roughly 144 metric

text: tonne

text: s of garbage.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 144 metric tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 144 metric tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: shoreline cleanup sites

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: litter

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage that enter the ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 144 metric tonnes of garbage.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 144 metric tonnes

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 144 metric tonnes of garbage.

text: In 2014, the Department of Science and Technology built an automated garbage rake in the intersection of Araneta Avenue and Mauban Street, functioning as a cleaning facility for the river, in response to the perennial flooding and garbage problems in the area. Garbage trucks regularly collected garbages that were captured from the river, as well as those dumped nearby.

text: In 2014, the

entity_name: Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)

text: Department of Science and Technology

text: built an automated garbage rake in the intersection of Araneta Avenue and Mauban Street, functioning as a cleaning facility for the river, in response to the perennial flooding and garbage problems in the area. Garbage trucks regularly collected garbages that were captured from the river, as well as those dumped nearby.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: dumped

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbages

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: dumped nearby.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dumped nearby.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage trucks regularly collected garbages that were captured from the river,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage rake

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2014, the Department of Science and Technology built an automated garbage rake

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2014, the Department of Science and Technology built an automated garbage rake

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: flooding

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Araneta Avenue and Mauban Street,

text: The plan to export trash was expensive and not environmentally friendly.  A year after the landfill closed, New York City's sanitation commissioner said, "Fresh Kills was really closed without an awful lot of thought, you know, if the story be told." Garbage trucks taking trash out of the city were estimated to make an extra 700,000 trips a year.  The New York State attorney general's office sued the city for not properly taking the environmental effects into account. The lawsuit alleged that air pollution along Canal Street, leading to the Holland Tunnel, had increased 16% due to the plan. Mayor Bloomberg now budgets  a year to barge New York City's garbage to landfills in Virginia and Ohio.  In five years, the city's trash budget rose from  to more than  because of the garbage transfer costs.  The city cut back on recycling to save money. The New York Times and Daily News have both run editorials calling for Fresh Kills to be re-opened.

text: The plan to export trash was expensive and not environmentally friendly.  A year after the landfill closed, New York City's sanitation commissioner said, "Fresh Kills was really closed without an awful lot of thought, you know, if the story be told." Garbage trucks taking trash out of the city were estimated to make an extra 700,000 trips a year.  The New York State attorney general's office sued the city for not properly taking the environmental effects into account. The lawsuit alleged that air pollution along Canal Street, leading to the

text: Holland Tunnel

text: , had increased 16% due to the plan. Mayor Bloomberg now budgets  a year to barge New York City's garbage to landfills in

text: Virginia

text: and

text: Ohio

text: .  In five years, the city's trash budget rose from  to more than  because of the garbage transfer costs.  The city cut back on recycling to save money. The New York Times and Daily News have both run editorials calling for Fresh Kills to be re-opened.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: New York City

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage trucks taking trash out of the city were estimated to make an extra 700,000 trips a year

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 700,000 trips a year.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash was expensive and not environmentally friendly.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The plan to export trash was expensive and not environmentally friendly.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: expensive and not environmentally friendly.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 700,000 trips a year.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: environmentally friendly.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 700,000 trips a year.

text: Garbage's intention is to make pop-like songs which mixed a variety of genres, with Steve Marker saying that the band wanted to "take pop music and make it as horrible sounding as we can." These genres include trip hop, grunge, 1980s rock music, techno, power pop and shoegazing. Shirley Manson has stated that the band itself "used to describe [their sound] as sci-fi pop, because we felt it was taking a futuristic approach." Vig has said the crossover-heavy sound was inspired by the band's background with remixes, where songs would be rearranged to every musical style to which they held interest, and also that he "grew up listening to everything from pop radio and opera to country music and polka, so I really thought that Garbage would be an interesting and eclectic thing to do." Lindsay Zoladz of Pitchfork notes Garbage prevailed in the glory days of alternative-rock "probably because their sound was a hectic amalgamation of almost everything that mingled on the format's airwaves: electronica, punk, industrial rock, grunge, and the occasional trip-hop". Likewise, Vice wrote that from their singular concoctions of styles like trip hop, grunge, rock, techno, and shoegaze, Garbage "has forged a kind of queasy originality" in the search of "a kind of perverse beauty".

text: Garbage's intention is to make

text: pop

text: -like songs which mixed a variety of genres, with Steve Marker saying that the band wanted to "take pop music and make it as horrible sounding as we can." These genres include

text: trip hop

text: grunge

text: , 1980s rock music,

text: techno

text: power pop

text: and

text: shoegazing

text: . Shirley Manson has stated that the band itself "used to describe [their sound] as sci-fi pop, because we felt it was taking a futuristic approach." Vig has said the

text: crossover

text: -heavy sound was inspired by the band's background with remixes, where songs would be rearranged to every musical style to which they held interest, and also that he "grew up listening to everything from pop radio and opera to country music and polka, so I really thought that Garbage would be an interesting and eclectic thing to do." Lindsay Zoladz of

text: Pitchfork

text: notes Garbage prevailed in the glory days of alternative-rock "probably because their sound was a hectic amalgamation of almost everything that mingled on the format's airwaves: electronica, punk, industrial rock, grunge, and the occasional trip-hop". Likewise,

text: Vice

text: wrote that from their singular concoctions of styles like trip hop, grunge, rock, techno, and shoegaze, Garbage "has forged a kind of queasy originality" in the search of "a kind of perverse beauty".

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: country

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: country music and polka,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage's intention is to make pop-like songs

text: "The public looks at biodegradable as something magical," even though the term is mostly meaningless, according to Ramani Narayan, a chemical engineer at Michigan State University in East Lansing, and science consultant to the Biodegradable Plastics Institute. "This is the most used and abused and misused word in our dictionary right now.  Simply calling something biodegradable and not defining in what environment it is going to be biodegradable and in what time period it is going to degrade is very misleading and deceptive."  In the Great Pacific garbage patch, biodegradable plastics break up into small pieces that can more easily enter the food chain by being consumed."

text: "The public looks at biodegradable as something magical," even though the term is mostly meaningless, according to Ramani Narayan, a chemical engineer at Michigan State University in East Lansing, and science consultant to the Biodegradable Plastics Institute. "This is the most used and abused and misused word in our dictionary right now.  Simply calling something biodegradable and not defining in what environment it is going to be biodegradable and in what time period it is going to degrade is very misleading and deceptive."  In the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: , biodegradable plastics break up into small pieces that can more easily enter the

text: food chain

text: by being consumed."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: enter the food chain by being consumed

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: enter the food chain by being consumed."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

text: A mission patch is a cloth reproduction of a spaceflight mission emblem worn by astronauts and other personnel affiliated with that mission. It is usually executed as an embroidered patch. The term space patch is mostly applied to an emblem designed for a manned space mission. Traditionally, the patch is worn on the space suit that astronauts and cosmonauts wear when launched into space. Mission patches have been adopted by the crew and personnel of many other space ventures, public and private.

text: A mission patch is a cloth reproduction of a spaceflight mission emblem worn by

text: astronaut

text: s and other personnel affiliated with that mission. It is usually executed as an embroidered patch. The term space patch is mostly applied to an emblem designed for a manned space mission. Traditionally, the patch is worn on the space suit that astronauts and cosmonauts wear when launched into space. Mission patches have been adopted by the crew and personnel of many other space ventures, public and private.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are patched

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: manned space mission.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: A mission patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A mission patch

text: Marine debris applies to floating garbage such as bottles, cans, styrofoam, cruise ship waste, offshore oil and gas exploration and production facilities pollution, and fishing paraphernalia from professional and recreational boaters. Marine debris is also called litter or flotsam and jetsam. Objects that can constitute marine debris include used automobile tires, detergent bottles, medical wastes, discarded fishing line and nets, soda cans, and bilge waste solids.

text: Marine debris applies to floating garbage such as

text: bottles

text: cans

text: styrofoam

text: , cruise

text: ship

text: waste, offshore

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: exploration and production facilities

text: pollution

text: , and

text: fishing

text: paraphernalia from professional and recreational boaters. Marine debris is also called

text: litter

text: or

text: flotsam and jetsam

text: . Objects that can constitute marine debris include used

text: automobile

text: tires

text: detergent

text: bottles

text: medical waste

text: s, discarded fishing line and

text: nets

text: , soda cans, and

text: bilge

text: waste solids.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: used automobile tires

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Styrofoam

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: styrofoam

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: litter

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: styrofoam,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Marine debris

text: Over seventy years later, in the early 22nd century, Wilf Netherton is a publicist in London several decades after an apocalyptic event known as the Jackpot took place. He works with his ex-girlfriend Daedra West, an American artist/celebrity/diplomat, on establishing relations with a group of deformed native humans on a garbage patch in the Pacific Ocean known as "Patchers". However, Daedra winds up killing the boss patcher, named Hamed al-Habib, and androids dispatch the rest of the group. As a result, Wilf is fired and heads over to his friend Lev Zubov's house, Lev being the son of a powerful and wealthy Russian family that moved to Britain several generations ago. Lev, a "continua enthusiast", learns that Daedra's sister, Aelita, has gone missing and that the person they hired to provide security from the past through a mysterious Chinese quantum computer server, the very contact which created Flynne's timeline as a branch off of the original timeline that created Wilf's world, was Burton Fisher—and he might've seen what happened to Aelita. Milagros Coldiron is really their front organization in the past.

text: Over seventy years later, in the early 22nd century, Wilf Netherton is a publicist in

text: London

text: several decades after an apocalyptic event known as the Jackpot took place. He works with his ex-girlfriend Daedra West, an American artist/celebrity/diplomat, on establishing relations with a group of deformed native humans on a garbage patch in the Pacific Ocean known as "Patchers". However, Daedra winds up killing the boss patcher, named Hamed al-Habib, and androids dispatch the rest of the group. As a result, Wilf is fired and heads over to his friend Lev Zubov's house, Lev being the son of a powerful and wealthy Russian family that moved to Britain several generations ago. Lev, a "continua enthusiast", learns that Daedra's sister, Aelita, has gone missing and that the person they hired to provide security from the past through a mysterious Chinese quantum computer server, the very contact which created Flynne's timeline as a branch off of the original timeline that created Wilf's world, was Burton Fisher—and he might've seen what happened to Aelita. Milagros Coldiron is really their front organization in the past.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is hazardous to living things because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is present in the gyre?

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: deformed native humans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: androids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: seventy years

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage patch in the Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: deformed native humans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage patch

text: Elsewhere, "trash traps" are installed on small rivers to capture waterborne debris before it reaches the sea. For example, South Australia's Adelaide operates a number of such traps, known as "trash racks" or "gross pollutant traps" on the Torrens River, which flows (during the wet season) into Gulf St Vincent.

text: Elsewhere, "trash traps" are installed on small rivers to capture waterborne debris before it reaches the sea. For example,

text: South Australia

text: 's

text: Adelaide

text: operates a number of such traps, known as "trash racks" or "gross pollutant traps" on the

text: Torrens River

text: , which flows (during the wet season) into

text: Gulf St Vincent

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waterborne

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "trash traps"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash traps

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waterborne debris before it reaches the sea.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "gross pollutant traps"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: waterborne debris before it reaches the sea.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "gross pollutant

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "trash traps"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Gulf St Vincent.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Gulf St Vincent.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: waterborne debris before it reaches the sea.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Gulf St Vincent.

text: On November 13, 2016 Brookins was biking along Cal-Sag Trail when a squirrel jumped into the spokes, and crashed the bike. This left Brookins with a fractured scull, broke his nose, and knocked out a few teeth. The squirrel died. The attack comes after Brookins had given a series of speeches denouncing squirrels in Chicago, denouncing squirrels, saying “It’s a pet peeve. It does invoke some giggles. But we are spending too much money on replacing garbage carts because the squirrels continue to eat through ’em,” and “I get calls [with residents saying], ‘I need a new garbage can.’ I just gave you a garbage can. [And the caller says], ‘Well, the squirrels ate through it in two days and nobody wants trash throughout the community. So they keep asking us for garbage cans.” A survey found, that 11% of the cities garbage carts are damaged, coasting $300,000 in repairs. At least some of that damage does come from squirrels.

text: On November 13, 2016 Brookins was biking along Cal-Sag Trail when a

text: squirrel

text: jumped into the spokes, and crashed the bike. This left Brookins with a fractured scull, broke his nose, and knocked out a few teeth. The squirrel died. The attack comes after Brookins had given a series of speeches denouncing squirrels in Chicago, denouncing squirrels, saying “It’s a pet peeve. It does invoke some giggles. But we are spending too much money on replacing garbage carts because the squirrels continue to eat through ’em,” and “I get calls [with residents saying], ‘I need a new garbage can.’ I just gave you a garbage can. [And the caller says], ‘Well, the squirrels ate through it in two days and nobody wants trash throughout the community. So they keep asking us for garbage cans.” A survey found, that 11% of the cities garbage carts are damaged, coasting $300,000 in repairs. At least some of that damage does come from squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 11%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: squirrels

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are squirrels a pet peeve

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is a pet peeve?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is the first type of trash?

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 11%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: giggles.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: squirrels.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 11% of the cities garbage carts

text: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman (played by Bill Suplee, father of Ethan Suplee) is a local mailman with a patch over one eye, Willie is affable but somewhat of a slacker as he has been seen throwing mail on the floor of someone's home or simply throwing it in the garbage.  His lack of depth perception has caused problems for him more than once when giving or reaching for items, such as when he was unable to pick up Earl's winning lottery ticket when it blew away in the wind.  It was recently revealed he lost his eye in 2003 when he got hit with a shard of glass after Joy smashed Earl's Def Leppard picture with a bowling ball. At some times Willie has used a fake eye instead of his eye patch, only to lose it once when Joy took it and kept it from him due to the fact that it was on something that she bought at a garage sale. Eventually Willie decides just to use his patch.

text: Willie the One-Eyed

text: Mailman

text: (played by

text: Bill Suplee

text: , father of

text: Ethan Suplee

text: ) is a local mailman with a patch over one eye, Willie is affable but somewhat of a

text: slacker

text: as he has been seen throwing mail on the floor of someone's home or simply throwing it in the garbage.  His lack of

text: depth perception

text: has caused problems for him more than once when giving or reaching for items, such as when he was unable to pick up Earl's winning lottery ticket when it blew away in the wind.  It was recently revealed he lost his eye in 2003 when he got hit with a shard of glass after Joy smashed Earl's

text: Def Leppard

text: picture with a bowling ball. At some times Willie has used a fake eye instead of his eye patch, only to lose it once when Joy took it and kept it from him due to the fact that it was on something that she bought at a garage sale. Eventually Willie decides just to use his patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mail

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Def Leppard

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: fake eye

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2003

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: lack of depth perception

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman

text: The American eel lives in the Saw Mill River and its tributaries. Commonly born in the Atlantic Ocean, the eels maneuver through the river's tunnel under Yonkers before reaching the more natural parts of the river farther upstream. The eels also scale a  dam before reaching Woodlands Lake. Growing up to  in length upstream, the eels return to the ocean via the Hudson River to spawn. The planned installation of trash-catching nets along the daylighted portion of the river would prevent the eels from leaving the river to reproduce.

text: The

text: American eel

text: lives in the Saw Mill River and its tributaries. Commonly born in the Atlantic Ocean, the eels maneuver through the river's tunnel under Yonkers before reaching the more natural parts of the river farther upstream. The eels also scale a  dam before reaching Woodlands Lake. Growing up to  in length upstream, the eels return to the ocean via the Hudson River to spawn. The planned installation of trash-catching nets along the daylighted portion of the river would prevent the eels from leaving the river to reproduce.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The American eel

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The American eel

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash-catching

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash-catching nets

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash-catching nets

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The American eel

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash-catching nets

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash-catching nets

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic Ocean,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash-catching nets

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash-catching nets

text: A much more recently discovered problem is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge concentration of plastics, chemical sludge and other debris which has been collected into a large area of the Pacific Ocean by the North Pacific Gyre. This is a less well known pollution problem than the others described above, but nonetheless has multiple and serious consequences such as increasing wildlife mortality, the spread of invasive species and human ingestion of toxic chemicals. Organizations such as 5 Gyres have researched the pollution and, along with artists like Marina DeBris, are working toward publicizing the issue.

text: A much more recently discovered problem is the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: , a huge concentration of plastics,

text: chemical sludge

text: and other

text: debris

text: which has been collected into a large area of the Pacific Ocean by the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: . This is a less well known pollution problem than the others described above, but nonetheless has multiple and serious consequences such as increasing wildlife mortality, the spread of invasive species and human ingestion of toxic chemicals. Organizations such as

text: 5 Gyres

text: have researched the pollution and, along with artists like

text: Marina DeBris

text: , are working toward publicizing the issue.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less well known

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: wildlife mortality

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sludge

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: human ingestion of toxic chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

text: Benoit Lecomte plans to swim the Pacific Ocean from Japan to California. The distance to be covered is approximately 5500 miles and he plans to start the swim from Tokyo, Japan ending up in San Francisco, CA. Part of the reason for the swim is to raise awareness about sustainability and the impact of excessive human garbage polluting the world's oceans. Lecomte says:

text: Benoit Lecomte plans to swim the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: from Japan to

text: California

text: . The distance to be covered is approximately 5500 miles and he plans to start the swim from Tokyo, Japan ending up in San Francisco, CA. Part of the reason for the swim is to raise awareness about sustainability and the impact of excessive human garbage polluting the world's oceans. Lecomte says:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: human

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: human garbage polluting

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: human garbage

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: human

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: excessive human garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sustainability and the impact of excessive human garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: excessive human garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Tokyo, Japan ending up in San Francisco, CA.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: excessive human garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: excessive human garbage

text: During the sailing competition, there were numerous complaints from the sailors over the debris found at the Olympic Harbor. Among the items found were dead rats and floating refrigerators. It was so bad that Barcelona port authorities, under pressure from the International Yacht Racing Union (International Sailing Federation since August 1996), assigned four garbage vessels to collect garbage daily. In the men's windsurfer event, American Mike Gebhardt got a plastic bag caught on his boardsail in the last lap of the seventh race. Six boardsailers passed Gebhardt before he could dislodge the plastic bag. Gebhardt lost out a gold by 0.4 points over France's Franck David.

text: During the sailing competition, there were numerous complaints from the sailors over the debris found at the Olympic Harbor. Among the items found were dead rats and floating refrigerators. It was so bad that Barcelona

text: port

text: authorities, under pressure from the

text: International Yacht Racing Union

text: International Sailing Federation

text: since August 1996), assigned four garbage vessels to collect garbage daily. In the

entity_name: Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's Lechner A-390

text: men's windsurfer

text: event, American

text: Mike Gebhardt

text: got a plastic bag caught on his boardsail in the last lap of the seventh race. Six boardsailers passed Gebhardt before he could dislodge the plastic bag. Gebhardt lost out a gold by 0.4 points over France's

text: Franck David

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: debris found at the Olympic Harbor

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dead rats and floating refrigerators

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: daily.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bag

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: dead rats

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic bag

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1996),

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1996),

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dead rats and floating refrigerators.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic bag caught on his boardsail

text: Cleaning the runway using chemicals involves the application of proprietary cleaners that are brushed into the surface of the runway and then washed off using low pressure water. There is a time between applying the chemicals and washing the runway when the chemicals are allowed to react with and break down the rubber. During this time the runway is unusable for landing operations and therefore could not be used safely in an emergency situation. The chemicals used can be expensive and require special handling. There are currently a newer generation of non-caustic rubber removal chemicals that are also environmentally superior, non-corrosive, non-toxic and relatively inexpensive to use. Some runway maintenance crews like the ability to do their rubber removal in-house using existing or lower cost machinery with a more regular, preventive maintenance program. Chemicals for rubber removal have proven to have no long-term effect on either asphalt or concrete runways. Using equipment to recover waste water/chemical/rubber allows control and safety of disposal with no runoff.

text: Cleaning the runway using chemicals involves the application of proprietary cleaners that are brushed into the surface of the runway and then washed off using low pressure water. There is a time between applying the chemicals and washing the runway when the chemicals are allowed to react with and break down the rubber. During this time the runway is unusable for landing operations and therefore could not be used safely in an emergency situation. The chemicals used can be expensive and require special handling. There are currently a newer generation of non-caustic rubber removal chemicals that are also environmentally superior, non-corrosive, non-toxic and relatively inexpensive to use. Some runway maintenance crews like the ability to do their rubber removal in-house using existing or lower cost machinery with a more regular, preventive maintenance program. Chemicals for rubber removal have proven to have no long-term effect on either asphalt or concrete runways. Using equipment to recover waste water/chemical/rubber allows control and safety of disposal with no runoff.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be used in an emergency situation

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is corrosive

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: runoff.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: runoff.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cleaners

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cleaning the runway using chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: low pressure water.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the chemicals are allowed to react with and break down the rubber.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cleaning the runway using chemicals

text: On 11 April 2013 in order to create awareness, artist Maria Cristina Finucci founded The Garbage patch state at UNESCO –Paris in front of Director General Irina Bokova . First of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

text: On 11 April 2013 in order to create awareness, artist

text: Maria Cristina Finucci

text: founded The

text: Garbage patch state

text: at

text: UNESCO

text: –Paris in front of Director General

text: Irina Bokova

text: . First of a series of events under the patronage of

text: UNESCO

text: and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Italian

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: On 11 April 2013

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Garbage patch state at UNESCO –Paris

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: UNESCO –Paris

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage patch state at UNESCO –Paris

text: A boa constrictor then frightens them into a trash compactor, where they survive being compressed into a bale of garbage. Once out of the garbage, they find the heiress taking the Morley money and preparing to leave the mansion. She then confesses to having killed the Morleys for their money as she has a gambling habit. Planning to kill the detectives and escape the mansion, she falls backward into a flower bed while retreating, where she is grabbed by the shadowy figure, who has been hiding in the dirt.  The shadow scares her to the point that she faints, at which time the shadow takes off his cape, revealing himself to be Lord Morley.  Morley had escaped the car crash and gathered the staff in order to gain their help in a plan to force the heiress into confessing to the murder of his wife and attempt on his own life. Lord Morley remained "dead" (in hiding) as part of the plan, writing the letter to Scotland Yard in order to request Winship and Tart as investigators, presumably because of their incompetence, noted early on in the film. As Morley continues his tale, the members of the staff arrive, having faked their own deaths as part of the plan.  The heiress is then arrested and the private eyes are thanked with a gift of a very rare sarcophagus, which is placed in their car.

text: A

text: boa constrictor

text: then frightens them into a trash compactor, where they survive being compressed into a bale of garbage. Once out of the garbage, they find the heiress taking the Morley money and preparing to leave the mansion. She then confesses to having killed the Morleys for their money as she has a gambling habit. Planning to kill the detectives and escape the mansion, she falls backward into a flower bed while retreating, where she is grabbed by the shadowy figure, who has been hiding in the dirt.  The shadow scares her to the point that she faints, at which time the shadow takes off his cape, revealing himself to be Lord Morley.  Morley had escaped the car crash and gathered the staff in order to gain their help in a plan to force the heiress into

text: confessing

text: to the murder of his wife and attempt on his own life. Lord Morley remained "dead" (in hiding) as part of the plan, writing the letter to Scotland Yard in order to request Winship and Tart as investigators, presumably because of their incompetence, noted early on in the film. As Morley continues his tale, the members of the staff arrive, having faked their own deaths as part of the plan.  The heiress is then arrested and the private eyes are thanked with a gift of a very rare

text: sarcophagus

text: , which is placed in their car.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: bale

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What is the name of the film?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What does the shadowy figure reveal himself to be?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: bale

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: boa constrictor

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash compactor,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash compactor,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: sarcophagus,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: compressed into a bale of garbage.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash compactor,

text: However, there has been hesitation to wholeheartedly follow these toxics use reduction programs from a business standpoint.  While some businesses found that by switching to a different chemical instead of the toxic ones, some other companies have not changed their production processes or invested in ways to reduce toxic chemical usage because they are unsure if they will make a large enough profit.  Some businesses claim that it is too costly to run a business using alternative chemicals.  Other reasons why businesses have not necessarily switched over to a different alternative chemical in lieu of the toxic one could be a lack of knowledge that an alternative exists or the fact that the alternative may not have been created yet.

text: However, there has been hesitation to wholeheartedly follow these toxics use reduction programs from a business standpoint.  While some businesses found that by switching to a different chemical instead of the toxic ones, some other companies have not changed their production processes or invested in ways to reduce toxic chemical usage because they are unsure if they will make a large enough profit.  Some businesses claim that it is too costly to run a business using alternative chemicals.  Other reasons why businesses have not necessarily switched over to a different alternative chemical in lieu of the toxic one could be a lack of knowledge that an alternative exists or the fact that the alternative may not have been created yet.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxics use reduction programs from a business standpoint.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic ones,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxics use reduction programs from a business standpoint.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: toxics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unsure if they will make a large enough profit.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: unsure if they will make a large enough profit.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unsure if they will make a large enough profit.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the alternative may not have been created yet.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unsure if they will make a large enough profit.

text: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures in the Park is a 1984 action/platform game based on the Cabbage Patch Kids franchise. It is the first and only game in the Cabbage Patch Kids Adventures series.

text: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures in the Park is a 1984 action/platform game based on the

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: franchise. It is the first and only game in the Cabbage Patch Kids Adventures series.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Park

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids:

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures in the Park

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids:

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids:

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures in the Park

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids:

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids: Adventures in the Park

text: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches defined by the mesh form a matrix, which is solved numerically.  Unless the Green's function is well behaved, at least for pairs of patches near each other, the Green's function must be integrated over either or both the source patch and the field patch.  The form of the method in which the integrals over the source and field patches are the same is called "Galerkin's method".  Galerkin's method is the obvious approach for problems which are symmetrical with respect to exchanging the source and field points.  In frequency domain electromagnetics, this is assured by electromagnetic reciprocity.  The cost of computation involved in naive Galerkin implementations is typically quite severe. One must loop over elements twice (so we get n passes through) and for each pair of elements we loop through Gauss points in the elements producing a multiplicative factor proportional to the number of Gauss-points squared.  Also, the function evaluations required are typically quite expensive, involving trigonometric/hyperbolic function calls.  Nonetheless, the principal source of the computational cost is this double-loop over elements producing a fully populated matrix.

text: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches defined by the mesh form a matrix, which is solved numerically.  Unless the Green's function is well behaved, at least for pairs of patches near each other, the Green's function must be integrated over either or both the source patch and the field patch.  The form of the method in which the integrals over the source and field patches are the same is called "

text: Galerkin's method

text: ".  Galerkin's method is the obvious approach for problems which are symmetrical with respect to exchanging the source and field points.  In frequency domain electromagnetics, this is assured by

text: electromagnetic reciprocity

text: .  The cost of computation involved in naive Galerkin implementations is typically quite severe. One must loop over elements twice (so we get n passes through) and for each pair of elements we loop through

text: Gauss point

text: s in the elements producing a multiplicative factor proportional to the number of Gauss-points squared.  Also, the function evaluations required are typically quite expensive, involving trigonometric/hyperbolic function calls.  Nonetheless, the principal source of the computational cost is this double-loop over elements producing a fully populated matrix.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be found in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: number of Gauss-points squared.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Galerkin's method".

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Green's

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Galerkin's method".

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Unless the Green's function is well behaved,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Green's function elements connecting pairs of source and field patches

text: The act of eating pagpag arose from the practical challenges of hunger that resulted from extreme poverty.  Selling pagpag has been a profitable business in areas where poor people live.  Pagpag is also called batchoy, which is derived from the Filipino dish with the same name.  Technically, batchoy is soup-based though the term batchoy that is used to refer to leftover food from trash may be a meal cooked differently like fried pagpag batchoy.   Persons who scavenge leftover food from garbage are called mambabatchoy.

text: The act of eating pagpag arose from the practical challenges of hunger that resulted from extreme

text: poverty

text: .  Selling pagpag has been a profitable business in areas where poor people live.  Pagpag is also called batchoy, which is derived from the

text: Filipino dish with the same name

text: .  Technically, batchoy is soup-based though the term batchoy that is used to refer to leftover food from trash may be a meal cooked differently like fried pagpag batchoy.   Persons who scavenge leftover food from garbage are called mambabatchoy.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: leftover food

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: batchoy that is used to refer to leftover food from trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mambabatchoy.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: batchoy,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: mambabatchoy.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: batchoy,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: pagpag

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: mambabatchoy.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: batchoy,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mambabatchoy.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: mambabatchoy.

text: Following the passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) in the United States in 1976, there was an increased need for quicker, more efficient vertebrate toxicity tests. The EPA was now required to assess the environmental effects of new chemicals before they could be commercially produced. Less costly and time-intensive tests were needed to evaluate a multitude of new chemicals. Researchers began developing toxicity tests that focused on early life stages, since these have been shown to be more sensitive to environmental stressors than later life stages. Many critical events occur in a short period of time in the early stages of development. If a stressor disrupts developmental events (including their timing), it could result in adverse effects that reduce the organism's chances of survival. Meta-analysis has found that early life-cycle portions of full life-cycle tests usually estimate an MATC within a factor of 2 of full life-cycle estimates in saltwater and freshwater fish. In 83% of 72 tests, the ELS portion resulted in the same MATC as the full life-cycle estimate, and the remaining 17% were within a factor of 2.

text: Following the passage of the

text: Toxic Substances Control Act

text: (TSCA) in the

text: United States

text: in 1976, there was an increased need for quicker, more efficient vertebrate toxicity tests. The

text: EPA

text: was now required to assess the environmental effects of new chemicals before they could be commercially produced. Less costly and time-intensive tests were needed to evaluate a multitude of new chemicals. Researchers began developing toxicity tests that focused on early life stages, since these have been shown to be more sensitive to environmental stressors than later life stages. Many critical events occur in a short period of time in the early stages of development. If a stressor disrupts developmental events (including their timing), it could result in adverse effects that reduce the organism's chances of survival. Meta-analysis has found that early life-cycle portions of full life-cycle tests usually estimate an

entity_name: Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration

text: MATC

text: within a factor of 2 of full life-cycle estimates in saltwater and freshwater fish. In 83% of 72 tests, the ELS portion resulted in the same

text: MATC

text: as the full life-cycle estimate, and the remaining 17% were within a factor of 2.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 27%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The EPA was now required to assess the environmental effects of new chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: 83%

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: saltwater and freshwater fish.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxic Substances

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: reduce the organism's chances of survival.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 83%

text: Any individual or business who wishes to import or manufacture industrial chemicals for commercial purposes must register with NICNAS, regardless of the amount or toxicity of the industrial chemical. Registration lasts for the maximum of one year from 1 September to 31 August in the following year and must be renewed each year. The registration is for the individual or business so that they may lawfully import or manufacture the relevant industrial chemical, not registration of the chemical itself. The Register of Industrial Chemical Introducers lists all of the organisations registered with NICNAS.	Registration allows NICNAS to keep people and business fully informed of their legal obligations and safety information. An annual registration fee is charged, which is based on the value of chemicals imported and/or manufactured:

text: Any individual or business who wishes to import or manufacture industrial chemicals for commercial purposes must register with NICNAS, regardless of the amount or toxicity of the industrial chemical. Registration lasts for the maximum of one year from 1 September to 31 August in the following year and must be renewed each year. The registration is for the individual or business so that they may lawfully import or manufacture the relevant industrial chemical, not registration of the chemical itself. The Register of Industrial Chemical Introducers lists all of the organisations registered with NICNAS.	Registration allows NICNAS to keep people and business fully informed of their legal obligations and safety information. An annual registration fee is charged, which is based on the value of chemicals imported and/or manufactured:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1 September to 31 August in the following

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxicity of the industrial chemical.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NICNAS,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: NICNAS,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NICNAS,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Any individual or business who wishes to import or manufacture industrial chemicals for commercial purposes

text: The JUNK Raft Project was organized by Dr. Marcus Eriksen and Anna Cummins in Long Beach, California in 2008, to bring attention to the issue of plastic pollution in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The project was launched with the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, after founder Charles J. Moore encountered the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 1997. Organizers hoped to "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution in the ocean," specifically the Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre, by sailing 2,600 miles across the Pacific Ocean on a  raft made from an old Cessna 310 aircraft fuselage and six pontoons filled with 15,000 old plastic bottles. Crewed by Dr. Marcus Eriksen of the Foundation and film-maker Joel Paschal, the raft set off from Long Beach, California on 1 June 2008, arriving in Honolulu, Hawaii on 28 August 2008. On the way, they gave valuable water to record-holding ocean rower Roz Savage, also on an environmental awareness voyage, when her supplies dwindled.

text: The JUNK Raft Project was organized by Dr. Marcus Eriksen and Anna Cummins in

text: Long Beach, California

text: in 2008, to bring attention to the issue of plastic pollution in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The project was launched with the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, after founder

text: Charles J. Moore

text: encountered the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: in 1997. Organizers hoped to "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution in the ocean," specifically the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: trapped in the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: , by sailing 2,600 miles across the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: on a  raft made from an old

text: Cessna 310

text: aircraft fuselage and six pontoons filled with 15,000 old plastic bottles. Crewed by Dr. Marcus Eriksen of the Foundation and film-maker Joel Paschal, the raft set off from

text: Long Beach, California

text: on 1 June 2008, arriving in

text: Honolulu, Hawaii

text: on 28 August 2008. On the way, they gave valuable water to record-holding ocean rower

text: Roz Savage

text: , also on an environmental awareness voyage, when her supplies dwindled.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris and pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 15,000 old plastic bottles.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic bottles.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre,

text: The PINX1 budding yeast orthologue Gnop1 inhibits telomerase by isolating the uncomplexed TERT protein so that it cannot associate with the telomerase template RNA, which prevents telomerase from being assembled. However, in humans, PINX1 impedes already assembled telomerase. PINX1 binds to N-terminus of hTERT and binds to hTR in the presence of hTERT. PINX1 binding to hTR “is correlated to the repressive function of PINX1 on telomerase, implying that the mode of telomerase enzyme inhibition by PINX1 may involve an associated with hTR....The effect of hPINX1 on telomerase appears to be exclusive of the G-patch region and is mediated instead by the C terminus of the protein. This suggests that hPINX1 may have functionally separable cellular effects in which the N terminus is involved in RNA processing via the G-patch, and the C terminus is involved in telomere dynamics.” It is suggested that “PINX1 represses telomerase activity in vivo by binding to the assembled hTERT-hTR complex.”

text: The PINX1 budding yeast orthologue Gnop1 inhibits telomerase by isolating the uncomplexed

text: TERT

text: protein so that it cannot associate with the

text: telomerase

text: template RNA, which prevents telomerase from being assembled. However, in humans, PINX1 impedes already assembled telomerase. PINX1 binds to N-terminus of hTERT and binds to

text: hTR

text: in the presence of hTERT. PINX1 binding to hTR “is correlated to the repressive function of PINX1 on telomerase, implying that the mode of telomerase enzyme inhibition by PINX1 may involve an associated with hTR....The effect of hPINX1 on telomerase appears to be exclusive of the G-patch region and is mediated instead by the

text: C terminus

text: of the protein. This suggests that hPINX1 may have functionally separable cellular effects in which the

text: N terminus

text: is involved in RNA processing via the G-patch, and the C terminus is involved in telomere dynamics.” It is suggested that “PINX1 represses telomerase activity in vivo by binding to the assembled hTERT-hTR complex.”

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PINX1

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: hTERT.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The PINX1

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The PINX1

text: The mass and density of an organism have a large effect on the organism's locomotion through a fluid. For example, a tiny organisms uses flagella and can effectively move through a fluid it is suspended in.  Then on the other scale a blue whale that is much more massive and dense in comparison with the viscosity of the fluid, compared to a bacterium in the same medium. The way in which the fluid interacts with the external boundaries of the organism is important with locomotion through the fluid. For streamlined swimmers the resistance or drag determines the performance of the organism.  This drag or resistance can be seen in two distinct flow patterns.  There is Laminar Flow where the fluid is relatively uninterrupted after the organism moves through it.  Turbulent flow is the opposite, where the fluid moves roughly around an organisms that creates vortices that absorb energy from the propulsion or momentum of the organism.  Scaling also affects locomotion through a fluid because of the energy needed to propel an organism and to keep up velocity through momentum.  The rate of oxygen consumption per gram body size decreases consistently with increasing body size. (Knut Schmidt-Nielson 2004)

text: The mass and density of an organism have a large effect on the organism's locomotion through a fluid. For example, a tiny organisms uses flagella and can effectively move through a fluid it is suspended in.  Then on the other scale a blue whale that is much more massive and dense in comparison with the viscosity of the fluid, compared to a bacterium in the same medium. The way in which the fluid interacts with the external boundaries of the organism is important with locomotion through the fluid. For streamlined swimmers the resistance or drag determines the performance of the organism.  This drag or resistance can be seen in two distinct flow patterns.  There is Laminar Flow where the fluid is relatively uninterrupted after the organism moves through it.  Turbulent flow is the opposite, where the fluid moves roughly around an organisms that creates vortices that absorb energy from the propulsion or momentum of the organism.  Scaling also affects locomotion through a fluid because of the energy needed to propel an organism and to keep up velocity through momentum.  The rate of oxygen consumption per gram body size decreases consistently with increasing body size. (Knut Schmidt-Nielson 2004)

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Laminar Flow

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fluid.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: increasing body size.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: fluid.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Laminar Flow

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: increasing body size.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: (Knut Schmidt-Nielson 2004)

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: blue whale

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: drag

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: increasing body size.

text: Plans are in the concept stage to create floating Oceanscrapers, made from the plastic found in the Great Pacific garbage patch.   In June, The Ocean Cleanup project launched a prototype boom, nicknamed Boomy McBoomface, off the coast of the Netherlands in the North Sea, with the intention that If tests with the 100 meter prototype go well plans to develop a 100 kilometer long scaled up version that would then be deployed in the Pacific would go forward.

text: Plans are in the concept stage to create floating Oceanscrapers, made from the plastic found in the Great Pacific garbage patch.   In June, The Ocean Cleanup project launched a prototype boom, nicknamed Boomy McBoomface, off the coast of the Netherlands in the North Sea, with the intention that If tests with the 100 meter prototype go well plans to develop a 100 kilometer long scaled up version that would then be deployed in the Pacific would go forward.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic found in the Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Oceanscrapers,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic found in the Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

text: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster, with the band's audio engineer claiming the results were not as expected, and that Tricky himself had been difficult to work with. The band's manager disputed the reported events, placing blame on problems at the recording studio. The band eventually put out a press statement to deny the rumours stating that the session had in fact gone well, the rework of "Milk" was still a work in progress and that further production by both Tricky and Garbage was required. Tricky finished his duet version of "Milk" in New York's Platinum Island Studios; Garbage completed their own guitar-led version of "Milk" in Madison during a break in their world tour. Garbage's rework was finished in two versions; the first was titled the Siren mix and featured only Manson's vocal; the second also incorporated Tricky's vocal and was titled the Wicked mix. Tricky took exception to Garbage releasing their own version as a single instead of his, and complained about the situation to the press.

text: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster, with the band's

text: audio engineer

text: claiming the results were not as expected, and that Tricky himself had been difficult to work with. The band's

text: manager

text: disputed the reported events, placing blame on problems at the

text: recording studio

text: . The band eventually put out a

text: press statement

text: to deny the rumours stating that the session had in fact gone well, the rework of "Milk" was still a work in progress and that further

text: production

text: by both Tricky and Garbage was required. Tricky finished his duet version of "Milk" in New York's Platinum Island Studios; Garbage completed their own

text: guitar

text: -led version of "Milk" in Madison during a break

text: in their world tour

text: . Garbage's rework was finished in two versions; the first was titled the Siren mix and featured only Manson's vocal; the second also incorporated Tricky's vocal and was titled the Wicked mix. Tricky took exception to Garbage releasing their own version as a single instead of his, and complained about the situation to the

text: press

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage's rework was finished in two versions; the first was titled the Siren mix

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: New York's

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Tricky and Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Siren

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Internet rumours abounded that the session had been a disaster,

text: The North Atlantic garbage patch is an area of alien man-made marine debris found floating within the North Atlantic Gyre, originally documented in 1972. The patch is estimated to be hundreds of kilometres across in size, with a density of over 200,000 pieces of debris per square kilometer. The debris zone shifts by as much as  north and south seasonally, and drifts even farther south during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, according to the NOAA.

text: The North Atlantic garbage patch is an area of alien man-made

text: marine debris

text: found floating within the

text: North Atlantic Gyre

text: , originally documented in 1972. The patch is estimated to be hundreds of kilometres across in size, with a density of over 200,000 pieces of debris per square kilometer. The debris zone shifts by as much as  north and south seasonally, and drifts even farther south during the

text: El Niño-Southern Oscillation

text: , according to the

text: NOAA

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 200,000 pieces

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The North Atlantic garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 200,000 pieces of debris per square kilometer.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The North Atlantic garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The North Atlantic garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: El Ni<unk>o-Southern Oscillation,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 200,000 pieces of debris per square kilometer.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Atlantic Gyre,

text: In garbage collecting languages, objects may be destroyed when they can no longer be reached by the running code. In class-based GCed languages, the analog of destructors are finalizers, which are called before an object is garbage-collected. These differ in running at an unpredictable time and in an unpredictable order, since garbage collection is unpredictable, and are significantly less-used and less complex than C++ destructors. Example of such languages include Java, Python, and Ruby.

text: In

text: garbage collecting

text: languages, objects may be destroyed when they can no longer be reached by the running code. In class-based GCed languages, the analog of destructors are

text: finalizer

text: s, which are called before an object is garbage-collected. These differ in running at an unpredictable time and in an unpredictable order, since garbage collection is unpredictable, and are significantly less-used and less complex than C++ destructors. Example of such languages include

text: Java

text: Python

text: , and

text: Ruby

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection is unpredictable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage-collected.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: C++ destructors.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collecting languages,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: In garbage collecting languages,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: C++ destructors.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: unpredictable time and in an unpredictable order, since garbage collection is unpredictable,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: C++ destructors.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: unpredictable,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: In garbage collecting languages,

text: An Indian Ocean garbage patch was discovered in 2010 covering at least . Riding the southern Indian Ocean Gyre, this vortex of plastic garbage constantly circulates the ocean from Australia to Africa, down the Mozambique Channel, and back to Australia in a period of six years, except for debris that get indefinitely stuck in the centre of the gyre.

text: An

text: Indian Ocean garbage patch

text: was discovered in 2010 covering at least . Riding the southern

text: Indian Ocean Gyre

text: , this vortex of

text: plastic garbage

text: constantly circulates the ocean from Australia to Africa, down the

text: Mozambique Channel

text: , and back to Australia in a period of six years, except for debris that get indefinitely stuck in the centre of the gyre.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: at least

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: An Indian Ocean garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is indestructible

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic garbage constantly circulates the ocean from Australia

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: constantly circulates the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic garbage constantly circulates the ocean from Australia to Africa,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Indian Ocean garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: six years,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean Gyre,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Riding the southern Indian Ocean Gyre,

text: The convention defines a "toxic chemical" as a chemical "which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals" (CWC, II). An annex lists chemicals that fall under this definition and WP is not listed in the Schedules of chemical weapons or precursors.

text: The convention defines a "toxic chemical" as a chemical "which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals" (CWC, II). An annex lists chemicals that fall under this definition and WP is not listed in the Schedules of chemical weapons or precursors.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause death

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemical

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: WP

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "toxic chemical"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "toxic chemical"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: WP

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: WP

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The convention defines a "toxic chemical"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The convention defines a "toxic chemical"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "toxic chemical"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The convention defines a "toxic chemical"

text: C-MORE scientists want to understand biological processes that begin at microscopic scales and are expressed in vitally significant issues such as climate change.  Areas of research range from genomic surveys, to studies of the genetic basis of marine microbial biogeochemistry to building ecosystem models.   One of the strengths of the Center is its seagoing capability, as well as the long term studies that have been conducted by the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Program in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.  In addition to extensive laboratory experimentation, C-MORE also stages cruises to examine marine microbes in their environment.  One example was the SUPER HI-CAT cruise, which was the first effort to study the microbiology associated with the plastic particles in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: C-MORE scientists want to understand biological processes that begin at microscopic scales and are expressed in vitally significant issues such as

text: climate change

text: .  Areas of research range from

text: genomic

text: surveys, to studies of the genetic basis of marine microbial

text: biogeochemistry

text: to building

text: ecosystem models

text: .   One of the strengths of the Center is its seagoing capability, as well as the long term studies that have been conducted by the

text: Hawaii Ocean Time-series

text: (HOT) Program in the

text: North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

text: .  In addition to extensive laboratory experimentation, C-MORE also stages cruises to examine marine microbes in their environment.  One example was the

text: SUPER HI-CAT

text: cruise, which was the first effort to study the microbiology associated with the plastic particles in the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic particles in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: climate change.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic particles in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The surrounding waters are affected by effluents generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affects its beaches. Other pressures on Hawaii's fish population are its fishing industries and whaling  until IWC's moratorium in 1986. In the last century, some commercially fished stocks have decreased by 80-85%.

text: The surrounding waters are affected by

text: effluents

text: generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: affects its

text: beaches

text: . Other pressures on Hawaii's fish population are its fishing industries and

text: whaling

text: until IWC's

text: moratorium

text: in 1986. In the last century, some commercially fished stocks have decreased by 80-85%.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: float

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Floating plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Floating plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Floating plastic garbage is a problem,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: effluents

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Floating plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Floating plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Preempting the start of their world tour, Garbage played three shows in the Midwest under the alias 'Stupid Girl'. The Version 2.0 tour officially kicked off with club dates starting at San Francisco's Warfield Theater on May 20, and took the band to a number of key media cities in the United States and Canada. Garbage then travelled to Europe to play a number of rock festivals beginning June 1 at Netherlands' Pinkpop and finishing up at Scotland's T in the Park on July 12. In between the festivals, Garbage performed some headlining shows in France and the United Kingdom, with support coming from The Crystal Method. In August, the band travelled to Japan to perform on the bill at the Fuji Rock Festival, and then back to Scotland to perform at two "warm up" shows at Glasgow's Barrowland Ballroom and then headlining the last night of the Reading Festival.

text: Preempting the start of their world tour, Garbage played three shows in the

text: Midwest

text: under the alias 'Stupid Girl'. The Version 2.0 tour officially kicked off with

text: club dates

text: starting at San Francisco's

text: Warfield Theater

text: on May 20, and took the band to a number of key media cities in the United States and Canada. Garbage then travelled to Europe to play a number of

text: rock festivals

text: beginning June 1 at Netherlands'

text: Pinkpop

text: and finishing up at

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: T in the Park

text: on July 12. In between the festivals, Garbage performed some

text: headlining

text: shows in France and the United Kingdom, with

text: support

text: coming from

text: The Crystal Method

text: . In August, the band travelled to Japan to perform on the bill at the

text: Fuji Rock Festival

text: , and then back to Scotland to perform at two "warm up" shows at

text: Glasgow

text: 's

text: Barrowland Ballroom

text: and then headlining the last night of the

text: Reading Festival

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: United States

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage played three shows in the Midwest

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Midwest

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: 'Stupid Girl'.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 'Stupid Girl'.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 12.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 'Stupid Girl'.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 'Stupid Girl'.

text: Noun went to go find her sister in a refugee camp, and was offered a job with the UN.  She eventually got another job an international NGO, and worked with the UN and said NGO for over 12 years. This changed when she was eating lunch one day and threw out her chicken bones, and some children ran to get them. She started a conversation with them, and they told her that they were poor and could not afford school. According to Noun, "I dreamed every night about if I can somehow help all those children that want to go to school just like other kids who have their parent’s support." In 2002, she quit her job to do just that, and founded the People Improvement Organization (PIO). She sold her house and spent $30,000 of her own funds to found her first school at Phnom Penh's biggest trash dump, which is a source of child labor. At the garbage dump, the children risk their lives every day to pick garbage, and many are buried alive in the garbage pit or run over by garbage trucks. Noun's school lets them be able to get an education, food, healthcare, vocational training, and water. As of 2015, over a thousand children currently go to school there. She eventually wishes to expand PIO to other countries, and continue to support Cambodian children.

text: Noun went to go find her sister in a refugee camp, and was offered a job with the

text: UN

text: .  She eventually got another job an international NGO, and worked with the UN and said NGO for over 12 years. This changed when she was eating lunch one day and threw out her chicken bones, and some children ran to get them. She started a conversation with them, and they told her that they were poor and could not afford school. According to Noun, "I dreamed every night about if I can somehow help all those children that want to go to school just like other kids who have their parent’s support." In 2002, she quit her job to do just that, and founded the People Improvement Organization (PIO). She sold her house and spent $30,000 of her own funds to found her first school at

text: Phnom Penh

text: 's biggest trash dump, which is a source of child labor. At the garbage dump, the children risk their lives every day to pick garbage, and many are buried alive in the garbage pit or run over by garbage trucks. Noun's school lets them be able to get an education, food, healthcare, vocational training, and water. As of 2015, over a thousand children currently go to school there. She eventually wishes to expand PIO to other countries, and continue to support Cambodian children.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cambodian

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Noun's school lets them get an education

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: many are buried alive in the garbage pit

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: how many children currently go to school there

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chicken bones,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: child labor.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chicken bones,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chicken bones,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash dump,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash dump,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: buried alive in the garbage pit or run over by garbage trucks.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: many are buried alive in the garbage pit or run over by garbage trucks.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash dump,

text: Belcher Bay, Gin Drinkers Bay and Tseung Kwan O were known as the 'Bay of Trash' in Hong Kong.

text: Belcher Bay,

text: Gin Drinkers Bay

text: and

text: Tseung Kwan O

text: were known as the 'Bay of Trash' in Hong Kong.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Hong Kong

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Hong Kong.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Hong Kong.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 'Bay of Trash'

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Gin Drinkers Bay

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 'Bay of Trash'

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 'Bay of Trash' in Hong Kong.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 'Bay of Trash'

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 'Bay of Trash'

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 'Bay of Trash' in Hong Kong.

text: The ocean-oriented academic programs are accredited regionally and professionally. Academic programs are distinctively ocean-focused, and include marine biology, marine fisheries, marine engineering technology, marine sciences, marine transportation, maritime administration, maritime studies, maritime systems engineering, oceans and coastal resources, university studies (curriculum focused on marine environmental law and policy), and others (see below).  It is the home of the Texas A&M Maritime Academy and has a Navy-option-only NROTC unit on campus. (Marine Corps-option NROTC cadets must attend the main campus in College Station, TX.)

text: The ocean-oriented academic programs are accredited regionally and professionally. Academic programs are distinctively ocean-focused, and include

text: marine biology

text: marine fisheries

text: marine engineering

text: technology,

text: marine sciences

text: marine transportation

text: , maritime administration, maritime studies, maritime systems engineering,

text: oceans

text: and

text: coastal

text: resources, university studies (curriculum focused on marine environmental law and policy), and others (see below).  It is the home of the Texas A&M Maritime Academy and has a

text: Navy

text: -option-only

text: NROTC

text: unit on campus. (Marine Corps-option NROTC cadets must attend the main campus in

text: College Station, TX

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: coastal resources

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biology

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: coastal resources,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine biology, marine fisheries,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine biology,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: marine biology,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Texas A&M Maritime Academy

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Texas A&M Maritime Academy

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Texas A&M Maritime Academy

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biology,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Texas A&M Maritime Academy

text: In computer science, finalization occurs when a garbage collector (GC) informs an application that an object is "almost collectable". It is used to help an application maintain its invariants. Weak references may be used by a garbage collector to determine the objects that are almost collectable. Seen both as key-value pairs, the main difference between weak references and an ephemerons is the way the garbage collector treats them. For weak references, the garbage collector always follows the value in the key-value pair. For ephemerons, instead, the garbage collector doesn't follow the value but queues the ephemeron for further observation at a second stage: after the first tracing phase is done, it runs through the queue looking at each ephemeron and if its key was seen, then it follows its value. This subtle difference impacts in graphs with some kinds of cycles, where weak pairs do not describe correctly that an object ought to be "almost collectable". For example, consider a key-value pair with weak references where the key is an object and the value is a set of properties attached to the object. It is expected that when the object is ready to be collected, the properties will also go away. But if the value, possibly transitively, maps to its own key (the object), then the object will never be collected. If an ephemeron was used instead, the value woudn't have been followed unless the object was proved alive, solving the cycle. Ephemerons are similar to weak pairs, but an object in an ephemeron's key field may be classed as "almost collectable" even if it is reachable from the ephemeron's value fields.

text: In

text: computer science

text: finalization

text: occurs when a

text: garbage collector

text: (GC) informs an application that an object is "almost collectable". It is used to help an application maintain its

text: invariants

text: Weak reference

text: s may be used by a garbage collector to determine the objects that are almost collectable. Seen both as key-value pairs, the main difference between weak references and an ephemerons is the way the garbage collector treats them. For weak references, the garbage collector always follows the value in the key-value pair. For ephemerons, instead, the garbage collector doesn't follow the value but queues the ephemeron for further observation at a second stage: after the first tracing phase is done, it runs through the queue looking at each ephemeron and if its key was seen, then it follows its value. This subtle difference impacts in graphs with some kinds of cycles, where

text: weak pair

text: s do not describe correctly that an object ought to be "almost collectable". For example, consider a key-value pair with weak references where the key is an object and the value is a set of properties attached to the object. It is expected that when the object is ready to be collected, the properties will also go away. But if the value, possibly transitively, maps to its own key (the object), then the object will never be collected. If an ephemeron was used instead, the value woudn't have been followed unless the object was proved alive, solving the cycle. Ephemerons are similar to weak pairs, but an object in an ephemeron's key field may be classed as "almost collectable" even if it is reachable from the ephemeron's value fields.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: weak references

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is almost collectable

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: ephemerons

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: strong references

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ephemerons

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: value

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ephemeron

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a set of properties attached to the object.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: weak references

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: queues the ephemeron

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: weak pairs,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: weak references

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ephemeron

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: ephemeron

text: Since that time, the market has remained very important, but its establishment has created a number of problems. Since the 1970s, the borough of Iztapalapa has grown tremendously around the market, and now it is over 90% urbanized. This has returned the traffic related problems that plagued the La Merced market. This is particularly true on the north side which opens onto Eje 3 Oriente, which is the main access to the facility. Another problem is the amount of refuse that the facility generates. Neighbors next to the federally owned property have complained of large mounds of trash accumulating on the periphery. In some areas, such as on the Eje 6 roadway, the garbage spills over into the public venue, along with rocks and chemicals.

text: Since that time, the market has remained very important, but its establishment has created a number of problems. Since the 1970s, the borough of Iztapalapa has grown tremendously around the market, and now it is over 90% urbanized. This has returned the traffic related problems that plagued the La Merced market. This is particularly true on the north side which opens onto Eje 3 Oriente, which is the main access to the facility. Another problem is the amount of refuse that the facility generates. Neighbors next to the federally owned property have complained of large mounds of trash accumulating on the periphery. In some areas, such as on the Eje 6 roadway, the garbage spills over into the public venue, along with rocks and chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: rocks and chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The amount of refuse that the facility generates

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: rocks and chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rocks and chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: rocks

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rocks and chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Eje 3 Oriente,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: rocks and chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: large mounds of trash

text: The species is also affected by a disease called the wasting disease. The disease deteriorates the leaf blades of the plant. The overall effect is that the blades are drastically reduced and patches are more vulnerable to possible invasion of crabs, which would result in sever erosion of the plant. However, the patches often recovers well with the growth of new blades.

text: The species is also affected by a disease called the wasting disease. The disease deteriorates the leaf blades of the plant. The overall effect is that the blades are drastically reduced and patches are more vulnerable to possible invasion of crabs, which would result in sever erosion of the plant. However, the patches often recovers well with the growth of new blades.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: wasting disease.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: wasting disease.

text: Microplastics are small plastic particles in the environment that are generally smaller than  down to the micrometre range. They can come from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes. Two classifications of microplastics currently exist: primary microplastics are manufactured and are a direct result of human material and product use, and secondary microplastics are microscopic plastic fragments derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris like the macroscopic parts that make up the bulk of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Both types are recognized to persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and marine ecosystems. Because plastics do not break down for many years, they can be ingested and incorporated into and accumulated in the bodies and tissues of many organisms. The entire cycle and movement of microplastics in the environment is not yet known, but research is currently underway to investigate this issue.

text: Microplastics are small

text: plastic

text: particles in the

text: environment

text: that are generally

text: smaller than

text: down to the

text: micrometre

text: range. They can come from a variety of sources, including

text: cosmetics

text: clothing

text: , and industrial processes. Two classifications of microplastics currently exist: primary microplastics are manufactured and are a direct result of human material and product use, and secondary microplastics are microscopic plastic fragments derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris like the macroscopic parts that make up the bulk of the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . Both types are recognized to persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and

text: marine ecosystem

text: s. Because plastics do not break down for many years, they can be ingested and incorporated into and

text: accumulated

text: in the bodies and tissues of many organisms. The entire cycle and movement of microplastics in the environment is not yet known, but research is currently underway to investigate this issue.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: secondary microplastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Both types are recognized to persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and marine ecosystems

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Because plastics do not break down for many years, they can be ingested

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: secondary microplastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: aquatic and marine ecosystems.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Microplastics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Because plastics do not break down for many years,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Because plastics do not break down for many years,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: At the end of 2005's Bleed Like Me World Tour, Garbage disbanded to go on a "hiatus". A month later, music retailer HMV's UK website listed a Greatest Hits compilation for release the following year. By January 2006, the title changed to Absolute Garbage. On November 10, a press release from Warner Music Group announced a March 19, 2007 UK release date for the album, while the NME reported that the album would be preempted by a single on March 5. In January 2007, Vig became the first band member to publicly confirm the project: "We've been working on Absolute Garbage for a while". On May 11, the band's website unveiled the artwork for Absolute Garbage, and on May 22, confirmed the album's track listing, physical formats and an initial July 16–17 street date. The date was later moved back a week due to "production issues" concerning the North American DVD.

text: At the end of 2005's

text: Bleed Like Me World Tour

text: , Garbage disbanded to go on a "hiatus". A month later, music retailer

text: HMV

text: 's UK website listed a Greatest Hits compilation for release the following year. By January 2006, the title changed to Absolute Garbage. On November 10, a

text: press release

text: from

text: Warner Music Group

text: announced a March 19, 2007 UK release date for the album, while the

text: NME

text: reported that the album would be preempted by a single on March 5. In January 2007, Vig became the first band member to publicly confirm the project: "We've been working on Absolute Garbage for a while". On May 11, the band's website unveiled the artwork for Absolute Garbage, and on May 22, confirmed the album's track listing, physical formats and an initial July 16–17 street date. The date was later moved back a week due to "production issues" concerning the North American DVD.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage disbanded to go on a "hiatus"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2006,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Absolute Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bleed Like Me World Tour,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Absolute Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Absolute Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Absolute Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Absolute Garbage.

text: The effects of global warming on marine mammals are of growing concern. The effects can be both direct; like loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather, and indirect; like changes in host pathogen associations, changes in body condition because of predator–prey interaction, changed in exposure to toxins, and increased human interactions. All of these are effects that are predicted that the marine mammals are living with because of the rapid climate change. The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is thought to be the main cause of climate change or global warming. Exactly how this will affect the ocean, which is home to marine mammals, is hard to predict since there are many factors, such as weather events and salinity that affect ocean ecosystems. How all these will interact is highly unpredictable. Using global climate models (GCM)s, scientists can get a general idea of how climate change will impact the ocean environment in the future.

text: The

text: effects of global warming

text: on

text: marine mammals

text: are of growing concern. The effects can be both direct; like loss of habitat, temperature stress, and exposure to severe weather, and indirect; like changes in host pathogen associations, changes in body condition because of predator–prey interaction, changed in exposure to toxins, and increased human interactions. All of these are effects that are predicted that the marine mammals are living with because of the rapid climate change. The increase of

text: carbon dioxide

text: and other

text: greenhouse gases

text: into the atmosphere is thought to be the main cause of

text: climate change

text: or

text: global warming

text: . Exactly how this will affect the ocean, which is home to marine mammals, is hard to predict since there are many factors, such as weather events and salinity that affect ocean ecosystems. How all these will interact is highly unpredictable. Using

text: global climate model

text: s (GCM)s, scientists can get a general idea of how climate change will impact the ocean environment in the future.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: human

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Exactly how this will affect the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxins,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxins, and increased human

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: hard to predict

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The effects of global warming

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: global climate models

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxins,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The effects of global warming on marine mammals

text: The back story of the game is as follows: A team of astronauts and scientists have begun a secret research project on a distant planet. The research team's results were sent back to Earth on the "Galaxy space capsule", which malfunctioned, crashed into the ocean, and broke into many pieces. The capsule included several data canisters, each of which contains small snippets of the scientists' story, which is revealed to the player as the game progresses and data canisters are found. The capsule also contained some toxic chemicals, which have begun to leak out and threaten the health of the world's sea life. A recovery mission, codenamed Operation Neptune, is sent to recover the pieces of the capsule.

text: The back story of the game is as follows: A team of

text: astronaut

text: s and

text: scientist

text: s have begun a secret research project on a distant planet. The research team's results were sent back to Earth on the "Galaxy space capsule", which malfunctioned, crashed into the ocean, and broke into many pieces. The capsule included several data canisters, each of which contains small snippets of the scientists' story, which is revealed to the player as the game progresses and data canisters are found. The capsule also contained some toxic chemicals, which have begun to leak out and threaten the health of the world's sea life. A recovery mission, codenamed Operation Neptune, is sent to recover the pieces of the capsule.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The capsule also contained some toxic chemicals, which have begun to leak out

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The capsule also contained some toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: as intact trash

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: threaten the health of the world's sea life.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Galaxy space capsule",

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: toxic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Galaxy space capsule",

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: threaten the health of the world's sea life.

text: One disadvantage of a moving garbage collector is that it only allows access through references that are managed by the garbage collected environment, and does not allow pointer arithmetic. This is because any pointers to objects will be invalidated if the garbage collector moves those objects (they become dangling pointers). For interoperability with native code, the garbage collector must copy the object contents to a location outside of the garbage collected region of memory. An alternative approach is to pin the object in memory, preventing the garbage collector from moving it and allowing the memory to be directly shared with native pointers (and possibly allowing pointer arithmetic).

text: One disadvantage of a moving garbage collector is that it only allows access through references that are managed by the garbage collected environment, and does not allow

text: pointer arithmetic

text: . This is because any pointers to objects will be invalidated if the garbage collector moves those objects (they become

text: dangling pointer

text: s). For

text: interoperability

text: with native code, the garbage collector must copy the object contents to a location outside of the garbage collected region of memory. An alternative approach is to pin the object in memory, preventing the garbage collector from moving it and allowing the memory to be directly shared with native pointers (and possibly allowing pointer arithmetic).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage collected environment, and does not allow pointer arithmetic.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage collector

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collector

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pointer arithmetic.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: One disadvantage of a moving garbage collector

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: pointer arithmetic.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: pointer arithmetic.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dangling pointers).

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: One disadvantage of a moving garbage collector

text: Large gyres (vortexes) in the oceans trap floating plastic debris. The North Pacific Gyre, for example, has collected the so-called "Great Pacific Garbage Patch", which is now estimated to be one hundred times the size of Texas. Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution, potentially poisoning any creature that eats it. Many of these long-lasting pieces wind up in the stomachs of marine birds and animals. This results in obstruction of digestive pathways, which leads to reduced appetite or even starvation.

text: Large

text: gyre

text: s (

text: vortex

text: es) in the oceans trap floating

text: plastic debris

text: . The

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: , for example, has collected the so-called "

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: ", which is now estimated to be one hundred times the size of Texas. Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution, potentially poisoning any creature that eats it. Many of these long-lasting pieces wind up in the stomachs of marine birds and animals. This results in obstruction of digestive pathways, which leads to reduced appetite or even starvation.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Texas.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Large gyres

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ocean pollution,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: one hundred times the size of Texas.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: one hundred times the size of Texas.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic debris.

text: Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major source of pollution. Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year. Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. In part, India's garbage crisis is from rising consumption. India's waste problem also points to a stunning failure of governance.

text: Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major source of pollution. Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year. Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. In part, India's garbage crisis is from rising consumption. India's waste problem also points to a stunning failure of governance.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a major source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: India.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: pollution.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: rising consumption.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: India.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: pollution.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: India's garbage crisis is from rising consumption.

text: "The Garbage Patch State – Wasteland" is a 2013 environmental artwork by Maria Cristina Finucci to raise awareness about the environmental hazard of the Great Pacific garbage patch caused by the dispersion of plastic debris in the oceans.Installations, performances, videos created the image of the Garbage Patch State under the patronage of UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment.

text: "The Garbage Patch State – Wasteland" is a 2013 environmental artwork by

text: Maria Cristina Finucci

text: to raise awareness about the environmental hazard of the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: caused by the dispersion of plastic debris in the oceans.Installations, performances, videos created the image of the Garbage Patch State under the patronage of UNESCO and the Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Patch State – Wasteland

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: dispersion of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic debris in the oceans.Installations, performances, videos

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dispersion of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: Even when disposed of properly, they take many years to decompose and break down, generating large amounts of garbage over long periods of time. If not disposed of properly the bags can pollute waterways, clog sewers and have been found in oceans affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

text: Even when disposed of properly, they take many years to

text: decompose

text: and break down, generating large amounts of

text: garbage

text: over long periods of time. If not disposed of properly the bags can pollute

text: waterways

text: , clog

text: sewers

text: and have been found in oceans affecting the

text: habitat

text: of

text: animals

text: and

text: marine creatures

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: bags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: have been found

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: clogging sewers

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: bags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: have been found in oceans affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: they take many years to decompose and break down,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: generating large amounts of garbage over long periods of time.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: affecting the habitat of animals and marine creatures.

text: Garbage reworked the song for the 2011 tribute album AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered. "Achtung Baby was a huge influence on the first Garbage album," remarked Butch Vig. "It's groovy and gritty, hi-fi and lo-fi, industrial and orchestral. We picked this song because we love the lyrics. We stripped the verses down and changed the major chord to minor chord, which makes the lyrics more bittersweet. We were in the studio making the new Garbage album at the time; this was a good distraction."

text: Garbage

text: reworked the song for the 2011 tribute album

text: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered

text: . "Achtung Baby was a huge influence on

text: the first Garbage album

text: ," remarked

text: Butch Vig

text: . "It's groovy and gritty,

text: hi-fi

text: and

text: lo-fi

text: industrial

text: and

text: orchestral

text: . We picked this song because we love the lyrics. We stripped the verses down and changed the

text: major chord

text: to

text: minor chord

text: , which makes the lyrics more bittersweet. We were in the studio making

text: the new Garbage album

text: at the time; this was a good distraction."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2011 tribute album AHK-toong

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered.

text: Nurdles are a major contributor to marine debris. During a three-month study of Orange County beaches researchers found them to be the most common beach contaminant. Nurdles comprised roughly 98% of the beach debris collected in a 2001 Orange County study. Waterborne nurdles may either be a raw material of plastic production, or from larger chunks of plastics. A major concentration of plastic may be the Great Pacific garbage patch, a growing collection of marine debris known for its high concentrations of plastic litter.

text: Nurdles are a major contributor to

text: marine debris

text: . During a three-month study of

text: Orange County

text: beaches researchers found them to be the most common beach contaminant. Nurdles comprised roughly 98% of the beach debris collected in a 2001 Orange County study. Waterborne nurdles may either be a raw material of

text: plastic production

text: , or from larger chunks of plastics. A major concentration of plastic may be the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: , a growing collection of

text: marine debris

text: known for its high concentrations of plastic litter.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 98%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Nurdles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: high concentrations of plastic litter

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 98%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Nurdles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Nurdles

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Nurdles

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: high concentrations of plastic litter.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

text: DeBris also partners or works with various anti-pollution organizations, such as Friends of Ballona Wetlands,  5 Gyres, RuckusRoots, the United Nations Special Assembly on Climate Change Heal the Bay and other organizations, such as Aquarium of the Pacific. Marina DeBris has also designed accessories for Captain Charles J. Moore, who worked to bring attention to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. DeBris' work with the United Nations Special Assembly was a collaboration with actress/poet Sheryl Lee, dancer Maya Gabay, and musician Marla Leigh.

text: DeBris also partners or works with various anti-pollution organizations, such as

text: Friends of Ballona Wetlands

text: 5 Gyres

text: RuckusRoots

text: , the United Nations Special Assembly on Climate Change

text: Heal the Bay

text: and other organizations, such as

text: Aquarium of the Pacific

text: . Marina DeBris has also designed accessories for Captain

text: Charles J. Moore

text: , who worked to bring attention to the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . DeBris' work with the United Nations Special Assembly was a collaboration with actress/poet

text: Sheryl Lee

text: , dancer Maya Gabay, and musician Marla Leigh.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5 Gyres,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: Jeb Berrier is exploring the effects of plastic bags, opting to stop using them as his wife enters pregnancy. After conducting research with the help of an environmental scientist, Berrier analyzes environmental problems such as the [Great Pacific Garbage Patch]. Plastic fragments are found to outnumber plankton 60-to-1, and contributes to around 100,000 marine animal deaths, including birds, every year. Calls to the American Chemical Society prove to be fruitless. He later discovers that plastics contain chemicals such as [phthalate]s that can carry adverse effects to newborn babies, including decreased anogenital distance. Berrier reflects on the rising rates of male infertility and other such as diabetes, obesity and attention deficit disorder, linking it to the ever-present problem of plastics. The average consumer household products such as baby shampoos are also found to contain unsafe levels of phthalates. When Jeb's partner, Anne, gives birth, the film gets personal and looks at recently controversial chemicals such as Bisphenol A found in plastics. The film concludes with a review of recycling labels and shows ways that average citizens and consumers can minimize the harmful impact of plastic by reducing its use.

text: Jeb Berrier is exploring the effects of plastic bags, opting to stop using them as his wife enters pregnancy. After conducting research with the help of an environmental scientist, Berrier analyzes environmental problems such as the [Great Pacific Garbage Patch]. Plastic fragments are found to outnumber

text: plankton

text: 60-to-1, and contributes to around 100,000 marine animal deaths, including birds, every year. Calls to the

text: American Chemical Society

text: prove to be fruitless. He later discovers that plastics contain chemicals such as [phthalate]s that can carry adverse effects to newborn babies, including decreased

text: anogenital distance

text: . Berrier reflects on the rising rates of

text: male infertility

text: and other such as

text: diabetes

text: obesity

text: and

entity_name: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

text: attention deficit disorder

text: , linking it to the ever-present problem of plastics. The average consumer household products such as baby shampoos are also found to contain unsafe levels of phthalates. When Jeb's partner, Anne, gives birth, the film gets personal and looks at recently controversial chemicals such as

text: Bisphenol A

text: found in plastics. The film concludes with a review of recycling labels and shows ways that average citizens and consumers can minimize the harmful impact of plastic by reducing its use.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastic fragments

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What contributes to around 100,000 marine animal deaths, including birds, every year

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: [phthalate]s

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can carry adverse effects to newborn babies?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: contributes to around 100,000 marine animal deaths, including birds, every year

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: how many plastic fragments outnumber plankton

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 60-to-1,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastic fragments

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: [Great Pacific Garbage Patch].

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: [phthalate]s

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic fragments are found to outnumber plankton

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: [Great Pacific Garbage Patch].

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: [Great Pacific Garbage Patch].

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastics contain chemicals such as [phthalate]s

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Plastic fragments are found to outnumber plankton

text: The strong potency of rivastigmine, provided by its dual inhibitory mechanism, has been postulated to lead to more nausea and vomiting during the titration phase of oral rivastigmine treatment. This enforces the importance of taking oral forms of these drugs with food as prescribed.   However, rates of nausea and vomiting are markedly reduced with the once-daily rivastigmine patch (which can be applied at any time of the day, with or without food).Patients and caregivers should be aware of warning signs of potential toxicities and know when to call their doctor. For the patch and oral formulations, skin rashes can occur at which time patients should contact their doctor immediately. For the patch, patients and caregivers should monitor for any intense itching, redness, swelling or blistering at the patch location. If this occurs, remove the patch, rinse the area and call the doctor immediately.

text: The strong potency of rivastigmine, provided by its dual inhibitory mechanism, has been postulated to lead to more nausea and vomiting during the titration phase of oral rivastigmine treatment. This enforces the importance of taking oral forms of these drugs with food as prescribed.   However, rates of nausea and vomiting are markedly reduced with the once-daily rivastigmine patch (which can be applied at any time of the day, with or without food).Patients and caregivers should be aware of warning signs of potential toxicities and know when to call their doctor. For the patch and oral formulations, skin rashes can occur at which time patients should contact their doctor immediately. For the patch, patients and caregivers should monitor for any intense itching, redness, swelling or blistering at the patch location. If this occurs, remove the patch, rinse the area and call the doctor immediately.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are a major source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: iodine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rivastigmine patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The strong potency of rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The strong potency of rivastigmine,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The strong potency of rivastigmine,

text: At the Fremont party, Fuad's meal is ready, but he first asks Suzette to come into the kitchen to help him. He has Suzette lie on a counter, which he makes his altar, and says a prayer to Ishtar as he prepares to decapitate her with his machete as a final offering to his goddess. This takes forever because she can't take him seriously. Dorothy Fremont interrupts Fuad just as he's about to decapitate Suzette, and Fuad escapes as the police arrive. Pete and the rest of the police chase Fuad through a nearby garbage dump, where he attempts to escape by climbing into the back of a departing garbage truck. The truck's compact blades turn on and Fuad is crushed to death. The police stop the truck, noting that there's not much left of Fuad. As Pete puts it, "He died a fitting end, just like the garbage he was."

text: At the Fremont party, Fuad's meal is ready, but he first asks Suzette to come into the kitchen to help him. He has Suzette lie on a counter, which he makes his altar, and says a prayer to Ishtar as he prepares to decapitate her with his machete as a final offering to his goddess. This takes forever because she can't take him seriously. Dorothy Fremont interrupts Fuad just as he's about to decapitate Suzette, and Fuad escapes as the police arrive. Pete and the rest of the police chase Fuad through a nearby garbage dump, where he attempts to escape by climbing into the back of a departing garbage truck. The truck's compact blades turn on and Fuad is crushed to death. The police stop the truck, noting that there's not much left of Fuad. As Pete puts it, "He died a fitting end, just like the garbage he was."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage dump

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "He died a fitting end, just like the garbage he was."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can clog digestion and cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage dump,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage dump,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage dump,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage dump,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage dump,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Fuad is crushed to death.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage dump,

text: Rocko wears a blue shirt with purple triangles and orange shoes. He is known for being a loyal friend, not venturing outside his comfort zone, and is known to say when a situation is not going well: "_____ day is a very dangerous day." (For example, "Garbage day is a very dangerous day.") In "Trash-O-Madness", a family photograph depicts Rocko with a mother, father, and a younger sibling. "Wimp On the Barby" shows Rocko's family again, revealing that his younger sibling is a sister. Murray created a narcoleptic older sister character named Magdalane "Maggie" and an episode, "Wake Up Maggie", about her, but chose to never air the episode and never use the character. Magdalane was created as a mother with two children.

text: Rocko wears a blue shirt with purple triangles and orange shoes. He is known for being a loyal friend, not venturing outside his comfort zone, and is known to say when a situation is not going well: "_____ day is a very dangerous day." (For example, "Garbage day is a very dangerous day.") In "Trash-O-Madness", a family photograph depicts Rocko with a mother, father, and a younger sibling. "Wimp On the Barby" shows Rocko's family again, revealing that his younger sibling is a sister. Murray created a

text: narcoleptic

text: older sister character named Magdalane "Maggie" and an episode, "Wake Up Maggie", about her, but chose to never air the episode and never use the character. Magdalane was created as a mother with two children.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash-o-madness

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "Garbage day

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Garbage day

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Garbage day

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Magdalane "Maggie"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Garbage day

text: There are generally four types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

text: There are generally four types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxic entities;

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: four types of toxic entities;

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: There are generally four types of toxic entities;

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: chemical, biological, physical and radiation:

text: The player will attempt to compact garbage for as long as possible until their trash can finally overflows.

text: The player will attempt to compact garbage for as long as possible until their trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are a threat to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The player will attempt to compact garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash can finally overflows.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The player will attempt to compact garbage

text: A well-known departure from ideality is when the surface of interest has a rough texture. The rough texture of a surface can fall into one of two categories: homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous wetting regime is where the liquid fills in the roughness grooves of a surface. A heterogeneous wetting regime, though,  is where the surface is a composite of two types of patches. An important example of such a composite surface is one composed of patches of both air and solid. Such surfaces have varied effects on the contact angles of wetting liquids. Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel are the two main models that attempt to describe the wetting of textured surfaces. However, these equations only apply when the drop size is sufficiently large compared with the surface roughness scale. When the droplet size is comparable to that of the underlying pillars, the effect of line tension should be considered. .

text: A well-known departure from ideality is when the surface of interest has a rough texture. The rough texture of a surface can fall into one of two categories: homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous wetting regime is where the liquid fills in the roughness grooves of a surface. A heterogeneous wetting regime, though,  is where the surface is a composite of two types of patches. An important example of such a composite surface is one composed of patches of both air and solid. Such surfaces have varied effects on the contact angles of wetting liquids. Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel are the two main models that attempt to describe the wetting of textured surfaces. However, these equations only apply when the drop size is sufficiently large compared with the surface roughness scale. When the droplet size is comparable to that of the underlying pillars, the effect of line tension should be considered. .

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are the two main models that attempt to describe

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: rough texture.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: rough texture.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

text: Sun directed and produced her first feature-length documentary, Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, examining the plastic pollution in the oceans and its effects on the environment, marine life, and ultimately humans. The Great Pacific garbage patch is a huge collection of trash trapped in a gyre in the Pacific Ocean. It was discovered by Charles J. Moore in 1997 and most recently explored by Algalita/5 Gyres and Sea Education Association expeditions.

text: Sun directed and produced her first feature-length documentary, Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, examining the plastic pollution in the oceans and its effects on the environment, marine life, and ultimately humans. The

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: is a huge collection of trash trapped in a gyre in the Pacific Ocean. It was discovered by

text: Charles J. Moore

text: in 1997 and most recently explored by Algalita/

text: 5 Gyres

text: and Sea Education Association expeditions.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: its effects on the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Algalita/5

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic pollution

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1997

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

text: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication. An example is "wood alcohol" or methanol, which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.Toxicology is the study of the symptoms, mechanisms, treatment and diagnosis of biological poisoning.Exposure to radioactive substances can produce radiation poisoning, an unrelated phenomenon.

text: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by

text: toxication

text: . An example is "wood alcohol" or

text: methanol

text: , which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic

text: formaldehyde

text: and

text: formic acid

text: in the

text: liver

text: . Many

text: drug

text: molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver

text: enzyme

text: s makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.Toxicology is the study of the symptoms, mechanisms, treatment and diagnosis of biological poisoning.Exposure to radioactive substances can produce

text: radiation poisoning

text: , an unrelated phenomenon.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unrelated

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxication

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxication

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "wood alcohol"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxic formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: formaldehyde

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxication.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication.

text: Other reviewers lamented Manson's singing and the production effects. Brett Milano conceded in Stereo Review that Garbage can produce hooky songs, but felt Manson showed limited "emotional range" as she sang in no other way but "sexy". Newsweeks David Gates was critical of the samples and what he believed to be "space-age wheeps" and "calculated showbiz shtik" in the music. Danny Eccleston of The Times facetiously remarked "it's bin done" in reference to the similar approach used on Garbage. NMEs Stephen Dalton called the album a lifeless, "beautiful engineered piece of modern design" and believed Manson's lyrics to be its weakness, criticizing a directness and shortage of wit. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine later called Version 2.0 an effective sequel that retains the first album's "strong pop sensibility, a production that falls halfway between alternative rock and techno - presented in a slightly newer form ... but it lacks the thrilling immediacy of the debut." Melissa Bobbitt of The About Group was more enthusiastic in a retrospective on important 1990s rock records by female artists. She argued that Manson's intimidating and alluring style, the singular electronic rock sound, and the feminist stance on Version 2.0 were innovative at the time, but these elements also embodied "the futuristic path music and technology were racing toward" and can be heard throughout modern popular music.

text: Other reviewers lamented Manson's singing and the production effects.

text: Brett Milano

text: conceded in

text: Stereo Review

text: that Garbage can produce hooky songs, but felt Manson showed limited "emotional range" as she sang in no other way but "sexy".

text: Newsweek

text: s David Gates was critical of the samples and what he believed to be "space-age wheeps" and "calculated showbiz shtik" in the music. Danny Eccleston of

text: The Times

text: facetiously remarked "it's bin done" in reference to the similar approach used on Garbage.

text: NME

text: s Stephen Dalton called the album a lifeless, "beautiful engineered piece of modern design" and believed Manson's lyrics to be its weakness, criticizing a directness and shortage of wit.

text: AllMusic

text: editor

text: Stephen Thomas Erlewine

text: later called Version 2.0 an effective sequel that retains the first album's "strong pop sensibility, a production that falls halfway between

text: alternative rock

text: and

text: techno

text: - presented in a slightly newer form ... but it lacks the thrilling immediacy of the debut." Melissa Bobbitt of

text: The About Group

text: was more enthusiastic in a retrospective on important 1990s rock records by female artists. She argued that Manson's intimidating and alluring style, the singular

text: electronic rock

text: sound, and the feminist stance on Version 2.0 were innovative at the time, but these elements also embodied "the futuristic path music and technology were racing toward" and can be heard throughout modern popular music.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: samples

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: samples

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: samples

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: samples

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "space-age wheeps"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "space-age wheeps"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "space-age wheeps"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "space-age wheeps"

text: Although mutations that cause changes in protein sequences can be harmful to an organism, on occasions the effect may be positive in a given environment. In this case, the mutation may enable the mutant organism to withstand particular environmental stresses better than wild-type organisms, or reproduce more quickly. In these cases a mutation will tend to become more common in a population through natural selection.

text: Although mutations that cause changes in protein sequences can be harmful to an organism, on occasions the effect may be positive in a given environment. In this case, the mutation may enable the mutant organism to withstand particular environmental stresses better than wild-type organisms, or reproduce more quickly. In these cases a mutation will tend to become more common in a population through natural selection.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to an organism

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: wild-type organisms,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: mutant organism to withstand particular environmental stresses better than wild-type organisms,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: mutations that cause changes in protein sequences

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mutations

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: mutations that cause changes in protein sequences

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: mutations that cause changes in protein sequences

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: mutations that cause changes in protein sequences

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutations that cause changes in protein sequences

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: positive in a given environment.

text: Stölzl (chosen by Garbage) drew up a treatment liked by the band, but MGM and Eon (who commissioned the video) did not consider it "Bond enough". Stölzl's reworked storyboard featured Manson as an android clone who kills her human counterpart, a concept the band also liked. He provided a special-effects company with sketches of the android, and a replica was constructed with aircraft and missile parts, tubing, metal and plastic. The android was combined with Manson in post-production to show its mechanical interior. "It reminds me of The Man Who Knew Too Much. Some of the shots look like Stanley Kubrick", recalled Vig. "For us it was just important that the music video was also a Garbage video." "[It's] like a mini-Bond action-packed film, where an android removes evil from the world and sacrifices herself in the process like a kamikaze warrior. That's as close as we'll ever get [to being in a Bond movie]," Manson later said.

text: Stölzl (chosen by Garbage) drew up a

text: treatment

text: liked by the band, but MGM and Eon (who commissioned the video) did not consider it "Bond enough". Stölzl's reworked

text: storyboard

text: featured Manson as an android clone who kills her human counterpart, a concept the band also liked. He provided a special-effects company with sketches of the android, and a replica was constructed with aircraft and missile parts, tubing, metal and plastic. The android was combined with Manson in post-production to show its mechanical interior. "It reminds me of

text: The Man Who Knew Too Much

text: . Some of the shots look like

text: Stanley Kubrick

text: ", recalled Vig. "For us it was just important that the music video was also a Garbage video." "[It's] like a mini-Bond action-packed film, where an android removes evil from the world and sacrifices herself in the process like a

text: kamikaze

text: warrior. That's as close as we'll ever get [to being in a Bond movie]," Manson later said.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The android was combined with Manson in post-production

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: aircraft and missile parts,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: android clone

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: android,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Stölzl

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: aircraft and missile parts, tubing, metal and plastic.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: MGM and Eon

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: MGM and Eon

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic.

text: Manson's lyrics became more overtly political for Garbage's fourth record, 2005's Bleed Like Me, which after the surprise success of lead-in single "Why Do You Love Me", posted some of the band's highest chart positions upon release. Garbage began an extended hiatus in October 2005. During this period, in 2007, Garbage reformed to perform a short set at a benefit show to raise cash to pay for Wally Ingram's medical treatment, shared song ideas via the internet, recorded new material, and filmed a music video to promote the band's Absolute Garbage greatest hits compilation. Garbage returned to the studio in 2010 to write and record material for a fifth album, entitled Not Your Kind of People and subsequently released in May 2012, thus ending the band's seven-year hiatus from recording.

text: Manson's lyrics became more overtly political for Garbage's fourth record, 2005's

text: Bleed Like Me

text: , which after the surprise success of lead-in single "

text: Why Do You Love Me

text: ", posted some of the band's highest chart positions upon release. Garbage began an extended hiatus in October 2005. During this period, in 2007, Garbage reformed to perform a short set at a benefit show to raise cash to pay for

text: Wally Ingram

text: 's medical treatment, shared song ideas via the internet, recorded new material, and filmed a music video to promote the band's

text: Absolute Garbage

text: greatest hits

text: compilation. Garbage returned to the studio in 2010 to write and record material for a fifth album, entitled

text: Not Your Kind of People

text: and subsequently released in May 2012, thus ending the band's seven-year hiatus from recording.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage began an extended hiatus in October 2005

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Absolute Garbage

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Manson's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2005.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Not Your Kind of People and subsequently released in May 2012,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Bleed Like Me,

text: The disputes surrounding the miners' strike of 1984-85 meant that many mines across the country were to close although by this stage there were no collieries still in production in Normanton. However, the strike still affected many families in the area, as Normanton colliers still worked in pits in neighbouring towns. The area once occupied by the St John's or Newland Colliery is now part of the controversial Welbeck landfill site which has been the subject of both local and national media attention since its development as a toxic tip. The site attracted so much negative attention that the group Residents Against Toxic Scheme (RATS) was established to halt planning permission for the disposal of toxic chemicals at the site, claiming the scheme was an extreme health hazard.

text: The disputes surrounding the

text: miners' strike of 1984-85

text: meant that many mines across the country were to close although by this stage there were no collieries still in production in Normanton. However, the strike still affected many families in the area, as Normanton colliers still worked in pits in neighbouring towns. The area once occupied by the St John's or Newland Colliery is now part of the controversial Welbeck landfill site which has been the subject of both local and national media attention since its development as a toxic tip. The site attracted so much negative attention that the group Residents Against Toxic Scheme (RATS) was established to halt planning permission for the disposal of toxic chemicals at the site, claiming the scheme was an extreme health hazard.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Welbeck landfill site which has been the subject of both local and national media attention since its development as a toxic tip

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxic tip.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Welbeck landfill site

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxic Scheme

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Welbeck landfill site

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: miners' strike of 1984-85

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The disputes surrounding the miners' strike of 1984-85

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Welbeck landfill site

text: Urban cemeteries were more sanitary (a place to safely dispose of decomposing corpses) than they were aesthetically pleasing. Corpses were usually buried wrapped in cloth, since coffins, burial vaults, and above-ground crypts inhibited the process of decomposition. Nonetheless, urban cemeteries which were heavily used were often very unhealthy. Receiving vaults and crypts often needed to be aired before entering, as decomposing corpses used up so much oxygen that even candles could not remain lit. The sheer stench from decomposing corpses, even when buried deeply, was over overpowering in areas adjacent to the urban cemetery. Decomposition of the human body releases significant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses which can cause disease and illness, and many urban cemeteries were located without consideration for local groundwater. Modern burials in urban cemeteries also release toxic chemicals associated with embalming, such as arsenic, formaldehyde, and mercury. Coffins and burial equipment can also release significant amounts of toxic chemicals such as arsenic (used to preserve coffin wood) and formaldehyde (used in varnishes and as a sealant) and toxic metals such as copper, lead, and zinc (from coffin handles and flanges).

text: Urban cemeteries were more sanitary (a place to safely dispose of decomposing corpses) than they were aesthetically pleasing. Corpses were usually buried wrapped in cloth, since coffins, burial vaults, and above-ground crypts inhibited the process of decomposition. Nonetheless, urban cemeteries which were heavily used were often very unhealthy.

text: Receiving vault

text: s and crypts often needed to be aired before entering, as decomposing corpses used up so much oxygen that even candles could not remain lit. The sheer stench from decomposing corpses, even when buried deeply, was over overpowering in areas adjacent to the urban cemetery. Decomposition of the human body releases significant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses which can cause disease and illness, and many urban cemeteries were located without consideration for local groundwater. Modern burials in urban cemeteries also release toxic chemicals associated with embalming, such as arsenic, formaldehyde, and mercury. Coffins and burial equipment can also release significant amounts of toxic chemicals such as arsenic (used to preserve coffin wood) and formaldehyde (used in varnishes and as a sealant) and toxic metals such as copper, lead, and zinc (from coffin handles and flanges).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: mercury

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause disease and illness

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: arsenic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: groundwater.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: arsenic, formaldehyde,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: many urban cemeteries were located without consideration for local groundwater.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: arsenic, formaldehyde, and mercury.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: arsenic, formaldehyde, and mercury.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: decomposition.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Urban cemeteries

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Urban cemeteries

text: Mound Key was created over 2,000 years ago by the Calusa. The Calusa culture is carbon-dated back to 1150 B.C. at Mound Key. The site likely began as a low-lying oyster bar on Estero Bay. The site would have been rich in marine food resources, and very appealing to the Calusa, who were actually hunter-gatherers.  As the human population grew, food waste was heaped into the middens that form the island.  The Calusa formed an extensive structure of mounds, water courts and canals whose features still exist today. Mounds were constructed by the collection and organization of “midden” which is a collaboration of shells, fish and animal bone, and artifacts such as pottery. Islands that were created by the Calusa, such as Mound Key are sometimes called “trash-heaps” as their composition is made from waste products of their culture. They are not however, just “heaps of Calusa garbage” simply tossed aside, but intricate compositions of substrate that were used for a display of power, religious monuments, and as burial memorials.It served for many years as the ceremonial center for their kingdom, which extended over numerous shell midden islands they made up and down the southwest coast of Florida. It is also believed by most researchers to have been the site of Calos, the capital of their kingdom. Their kingdom spanned from Tampa Bay southward to the Ten Thousand Islands and eastward to Lake Okeechobee.

text: Mound Key was created over 2,000 years ago by the

text: Calusa

text: . The Calusa culture is

text: carbon-dated

text: back to 1150 B.C. at Mound Key. The site likely began as a low-lying oyster bar on

text: Estero Bay

text: . The site would have been rich in marine food resources, and very appealing to the Calusa, who were actually

text: hunter-gatherer

text: s.  As the human population grew, food waste was heaped into the middens that form the island.  The Calusa formed an extensive structure of mounds, water courts and canals whose features still exist today. Mounds were constructed by the collection and organization of “midden” which is a collaboration of shells, fish and animal bone, and artifacts such as pottery. Islands that were created by the Calusa, such as Mound Key are sometimes called “trash-heaps” as their composition is made from waste products of their culture. They are not however, just “heaps of Calusa garbage” simply tossed aside, but intricate compositions of substrate that were used for a display of power, religious monuments, and as burial memorials.It served for many years as the ceremonial center for their kingdom, which extended over numerous shell

text: midden

text: islands they made up and down the southwest coast of Florida. It is also believed by most researchers to have been the site of Calos, the capital of their kingdom. Their kingdom spanned from

text: Tampa Bay

text: southward to the

text: Ten Thousand Islands

text: and eastward to

text: Lake Okeechobee

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mound Key are sometimes called “trash-heaps

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the most common cause of starvation in the Calusa?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is made from waste products of their culture

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: shells, fish and animal bone,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Calusa garbage”

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: “trash-heaps”

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pottery.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: “trash-heaps”

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: “trash-heaps”

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Ten Thousand Islands and eastward to Lake Okeechobee.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: “trash-heaps”

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: “trash-heaps”

text: The origins of Beautiful Garbage came from a three-day September 1999 recording session during Garbage's world tour in support of their second album Version 2.0. The sessions resulted in "Silence Is Golden" and "Til the Day I Die", which were written for a proposed B-sides album. Both songs were loose and organic, contrasting the very dense layered production that featured on Version 2.0. "Silence Is Golden" in particular had been written with an odd structure for a Garbage song: a 6/8 shuffle that progressed to a straight 4/4 beat.

text: The origins of Beautiful Garbage came from a three-day September 1999

text: recording session

text: during Garbage's

text: world tour

text: in support of their second album

text: Version 2.0

text: . The sessions resulted in "Silence Is Golden" and "Til the Day I Die", which were written for a proposed

text: B-side

text: s album. Both songs were loose and organic, contrasting the very dense layered production that featured on Version 2.0. "Silence Is Golden" in particular had been written with an odd

text: structure

text: for a Garbage song: a

text: shuffle

text: that progressed to a straight

text: beat

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Silence Is Golden"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Silence Is Golden

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: three-day September 1999

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's world tour in support of their second album Version 2.0.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Til the Day I Die",

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1999

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2.0.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 4/4 beat.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Beautiful Garbage

text: Zorses combine the zebra striping overlaid on colored areas of the hybrid's coat. Zorses are most often bred using solid color horses. If the horse parent is piebald (black and white) or skewbald (other color and white), the zorse may inherit the dominant depigmentation genes for white patches. It is understood that tobiano (the most common white modifier found in the horse) directly interacts with the zorse coat to give the white markings. Only the nondepigmented areas will have zebra striping, resulting in a zorse with white patches and striped patches. This effect is seen in the zebroid named Eclyse (a hebra rather than a zorse) born in Stukenbrock, Germany, in 2007 to a zebra mare called Eclipse and a stallion called Ulysses.

text: Zorses combine the zebra striping overlaid on colored areas of the hybrid's coat. Zorses are most often bred using solid color horses. If the horse parent is

text: piebald

text: (black and white) or

text: skewbald

text: (other color and white), the zorse may inherit the dominant depigmentation genes for white patches. It is understood that

text: tobiano

text: (the most common white modifier found in the horse) directly interacts with the zorse coat to give the white markings. Only the nondepigmented areas will have zebra striping, resulting in a zorse with white patches and striped patches. This effect is seen in the zebroid named Eclyse (a hebra rather than a zorse) born in Stukenbrock, Germany, in 2007 to a zebra mare called Eclipse and a stallion called Ulysses.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: tobiano

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Zorses

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Zorses

text: The above features make diff and patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software. Outsiders can download the latest publicly available source code, make modifications to it, and send them, in diff form, to the development team. Using diffs, the development team has the ability to effectively review the patches before applying them, and can apply them to a newer code base than the one the outside developer had access to.

text: The above features make diff and patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to

text: free software

text: . Outsiders can download the latest publicly available source code, make modifications to it, and send them, in diff form, to the development team. Using diffs, the development team has the ability to effectively review the patches before applying them, and can apply them to a newer code base than the one the outside developer had access to.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: software.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: free software.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: diff and patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: diff form, to the development team.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: above features make diff and patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to free software.

text: Katerva winners tackle global environmental and social problems that have a chance to be solved within the next decade. The winner of the 2015 Katerva Award went to The Ocean Cleanup, a clean technology company that has built a massive sieve to passively collect millions of tonnes of plastic pieces from the Great Pacific garbage patch.

text: Katerva winners tackle global environmental and social problems that have a chance to be solved within the next decade. The winner of the 2015 Katerva Award went to The Ocean Cleanup, a clean technology company that has built a massive sieve to passively collect millions of tonnes of plastic pieces from the Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: millions of tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

text: The Garbage Pail Kids Movie is a live-action adaptation of the then-popular trading card series of the same name, itself a gross-out parody of the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls. The title characters are depicted by dwarf actors in low budget costumes, with poorly functioning mouths and expressionless faces. The film is often criticized for its gross-out humor, nonsensical plot, poor explanations, bad acting, and the creepy appearance of the Garbage Pail Kids. It has a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Caryn James of the New York Times said the movie is "too repulsive for children or adults of any age" and is "enough to make you believe in strict and faraway boarding schools." Carlos Coto of the Sun-Sentinel called it "one of the worst ever made." Much of its content is said to be inappropriate for children, its intended audience. Throughout the movie, the Garbage Pail Kids steal, get in fights, bite toes off people, fart in people's faces, threaten others with switch blades, urinate upon themselves, and run over cars. In addition to scatological behavior, the movie has several scenes that feature sexual images, violence, and drinking. Offended parents launched a nationwide protest of the movie that successfully resulted in the movie being withdrawn from circulation. The shortened release contributed to the movie's poor gross of only $1,576,615. It was nominated for three Razzies at the 8th Golden Raspberry Awards: Worst Visual Effects, Worst New Star for the Garbage Pail Kids collectively, and Worst Original Song.

text: The Garbage Pail Kids Movie

text: is a

text: live-action

text: adaptation of the then-popular

text: trading card series of the same name

text: , itself a gross-out parody of the

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: dolls. The title characters are depicted by dwarf actors in low budget costumes, with poorly functioning mouths and expressionless faces. The film is often criticized for its

text: gross-out humor

text: , nonsensical plot, poor explanations, bad acting, and the creepy appearance of the Garbage Pail Kids. It has a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Caryn James of the

text: New York Times

text: said the movie is "too repulsive for children or adults of any age" and is "enough to make you believe in strict and faraway boarding schools." Carlos Coto of the

text: Sun-Sentinel

text: called it "one of the worst ever made." Much of its content is said to be inappropriate for children, its intended audience. Throughout the movie, the Garbage Pail Kids steal, get in fights, bite toes off people, fart in people's faces, threaten others with switch blades, urinate upon themselves, and run over cars. In addition to scatological behavior, the movie has several scenes that feature sexual images, violence, and drinking. Offended parents launched a nationwide protest of the movie that successfully resulted in the movie being withdrawn from circulation. The shortened release contributed to the movie's poor gross of only $1,576,615. It was nominated for three Razzies at the

text: 8th Golden Raspberry Awards

text: : Worst Visual Effects, Worst New Star for the Garbage Pail Kids collectively, and Worst Original Song.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids Movie

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: fart in people's faces, threaten others with switch blades,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: scatological behavior,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: t in people's faces, threaten others with switch blades,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

text: There are three Glass Beach sites in Fort Bragg where trash was dumped into the ocean between 1906 and 1967. Site Two (1943-1949) and Three (1949–1967 - "Glass Beach") are located at the end of the path that begins on the corner of Elm Street and Glass Beach Drive. These sites are accessible by foot and by a short climb down the cliffs surrounding the beach. Site One (1906–43) is 1/4 mile south of Site Two and has become accessible by foot as of January 2015 when the northern section of the new Coastal Trail in Fort Bragg opened.

text: There are three Glass Beach sites in Fort Bragg where trash was dumped into the ocean between 1906 and 1967. Site Two (1943-1949) and Three (1949–1967 - "Glass Beach") are located at the end of the path that begins on the corner of Elm Street and Glass Beach Drive. These sites are accessible by foot and by a short climb down the cliffs surrounding the beach. Site One (1906–43) is 1/4 mile south of Site Two and has become accessible by foot as of January 2015 when the northern section of the new Coastal Trail in Fort Bragg opened.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Glass Beach

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash was dumped

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1967. Site Two (1943-1949)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Glass Beach

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Glass Beach Drive.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Glass Beach sites

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1906 and 1967.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2015

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash was dumped into the ocean between 1906 and 1967.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Glass Beach sites in Fort Bragg

text: Research studying trash washed onto beaches in and around the Indian Ocean suggested that there would be plastics found in the water column in the Indian Ocean as well.

text: Research studying trash washed onto beaches in and around the Indian Ocean suggested that there would be plastics found in the water column in the Indian Ocean as well.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastics are not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastics found in the water column

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics found in the water column

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastics found in the water column

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastics found in the water column

text: Scrounger (Beagle/Shar Pei Mix) – In the Pound Puppies TV Special, he was a member of the Pound Puppies with yellow fur and loved garbage. He had a record of 29 escapes. His habit is finding junk, trinkets, or useless knicknacks. In the Season 1 episode Wagga Wagga, he makes a brief cameo appearance with Violet and Barkerville in the beginning of Cooler's flashback. Scrounger's guest starring role was in Garbage Night: The Musical. This time, Scrounger's fur is gray and his eating habits gave him frequent stomachaches. Despite his earlier refusal to eat healthy foods, the Pound Puppies were able to show him the truth behind eating junk food and Scrounger no longer eats garbage. He was later adopted by Melissa. He was voiced by Ron Palillo in the TV special, Frank Welker and Gregg Berger in the TV series.

text: Scrounger (Beagle/Shar Pei Mix) – In the Pound Puppies TV Special, he was a member of the Pound Puppies with yellow fur and loved garbage. He had a record of 29 escapes. His habit is finding junk, trinkets, or useless knicknacks. In the Season 1 episode Wagga Wagga, he makes a brief cameo appearance with Violet and Barkerville in the beginning of Cooler's flashback. Scrounger's guest starring role was in Garbage Night: The Musical. This time, Scrounger's fur is gray and his eating habits gave him frequent stomachaches. Despite his earlier refusal to eat healthy foods, the Pound Puppies were able to show him the truth behind eating junk food and Scrounger no longer eats garbage. He was later adopted by Melissa. He was voiced by

text: Ron Palillo

text: in the TV special,

text: Frank Welker

text: and

text: Gregg Berger

text: in the TV series.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: junk

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Night

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Night: The Musical

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Scrounger's fur is gray

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 29

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: junk food

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: junk food

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: junk, trinkets, or useless knicknacks.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Scrounger

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: useless knicknacks.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Scrounger

text: "Roog" is a story told from the point of view of a dog named Boris, who observes his master's carefully stored food in containers outside of their house day after day. Unbeknownst to the dog, these are the human's trash cans for garbage. The dog is later horrified to witness some food being 'stolen' by garbagemen who the dog knows are predatory carnivores from another planet. The dog comes to know these beings as 'Roogs', and tries to warn his master of each 'theft' with cries of 'Roog!' 'Roog!'. The humans, unable to comprehend the hound's message, think the dog is just being rowdy. Thus they attribute the sound the dog makes to be the sound that all dogs make when they are excited: 'Roog!' 'Roog!' The tale concludes with the animal being somewhat distraught, barking "ROOG!" very loudly at the garbagemen before they make off once more with trash in their garbage truck.

text: "Roog" is a story told from the point of view of a

text: dog

text: named Boris, who observes his master's carefully stored food in containers outside of their house day after day. Unbeknownst to the dog, these are the human's

text: trash cans

text: for

text: garbage

text: . The dog is later horrified to witness some food being 'stolen' by

text: garbagemen

text: who the dog knows are predatory carnivores from another planet. The dog comes to know these beings as 'Roogs', and tries to warn his master of each 'theft' with cries of 'Roog!' 'Roog!'. The humans, unable to comprehend the hound's message, think the dog is just being rowdy. Thus they attribute the sound the dog makes to be the sound that all dogs make when they are excited: 'Roog!' 'Roog!' The tale concludes with the animal being somewhat distraught, barking "ROOG!" very loudly at the garbagemen before they make off once more with trash in their garbage truck.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbagemen

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage truck.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbagemen

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: food

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash cans for garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: another planet.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 'Roog!' 'Roog!'.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: predatory carnivores

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash

text: Landscape patches have a boundary between them which can be defined or fuzzy. The zone composed of the edges of adjacent ecosystems is the boundary. Edge means the portion of an ecosystem near its perimeter, where influences of the adjacent patches can cause an environmental difference between the interior of the patch and its edge. This edge effect includes a distinctive species composition or abundance. For example, when a landscape is a mosaic of perceptibly different types, such as a forest adjacent to a grassland, the edge is the location where the two types adjoin. In a continuous landscape, such as a forest giving way to open woodland, the exact edge location is fuzzy and is sometimes determined by a local gradient exceeding a threshold, such as the point where the tree cover falls below thirty-five percent.

text: Landscape patches have a boundary between them which can be defined or fuzzy. The zone composed of the edges of adjacent ecosystems is the boundary. Edge means the portion of an ecosystem near its perimeter, where influences of the adjacent patches can cause an environmental difference between the interior of the patch and its edge. This edge effect includes a distinctive species composition or abundance. For example, when a landscape is a mosaic of perceptibly different types, such as a forest adjacent to a

text: grassland

text: , the edge is the location where the two types adjoin. In a continuous landscape, such as a forest giving way to open woodland, the exact edge location is fuzzy and is sometimes determined by a local gradient exceeding a threshold, such as the point where the tree cover falls below thirty-five percent.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: thirty-five percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause an environmental difference

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: thirty-five percent.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: a forest adjacent to a grassland,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Landscape patches have a boundary between them which can be defined or fuzzy.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Landscape

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Landscape patches

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: fuzzy. The zone composed of the edges of adjacent ecosystems

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: thirty-five percent.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: abundance.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: fuzzy. The zone composed of the edges of adjacent ecosystems

text: In addition to bottom-up effects, top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies. In top-down effects, subsidies of consumers at the top level of the food web control populations at lower levels more so than would be expected by only the action of resident consumers (Polis et al. 1997). Consumers that cross boundaries may have a greater effect on the recipient patch population if prey in the recipient patch have a lower population growth rate than prey in the source patch (Fagan et al. 1999, Rand et al. 2006). Thus, cross-boundary subsidies may alter predator-prey/competitive interactions that can result in a disproportionate impact on the communities of the recipient patch.

text: In addition to bottom-up effects, top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies. In top-down effects, subsidies of consumers at the top level of the food web control populations at lower levels more so than would be expected by only the action of resident consumers (Polis et al. 1997). Consumers that cross boundaries may have a greater effect on the recipient patch population if prey in the recipient patch have a lower population growth rate than prey in the source patch (Fagan et al. 1999, Rand et al. 2006). Thus, cross-boundary subsidies may alter predator-prey/competitive interactions that can result in a disproportionate impact on the communities of the recipient patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: top-down

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can result in a disproportionate impact on the communities

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: cross-boundary subsidies may alter predator-prey/competitive interactions

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: top-down effects

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: bottom-up effects,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: top-down effects may also occur due to cross-boundary subsidies.

text: In 2007, the city placed third in a list of "15 Green Cities" in the world, according to "Grist" magazine, after Reykjavík in Iceland and Portland, Oregon in the United States. As a result, according to one survey, 99% of Curitibans are happy with their hometown. The "green exchange" employment program focuses on social inclusion, benefiting both those in need and the environment. Low-income families living in shantytowns unreachable by truck bring their trash bags to neighborhood centres, where they exchange them for bus tickets and food. This means less city litter and less disease, less garbage in sensitive areas such as rivers and a better life for the undernourished poor. There's also a program for children where they can exchange recyclable garbage for school supplies, chocolate, toys and tickets for shows.

text: In 2007, the city placed third in a list of "15 Green Cities" in the world, according to "

text: Grist

text: " magazine, after

text: Reykjavík

text: in Iceland and

text: Portland, Oregon

text: in the United States. As a result, according to one survey, 99% of Curitibans are happy with their hometown. The "green exchange" employment program focuses on social inclusion, benefiting both those in need and the environment. Low-income families living in shantytowns unreachable by truck bring their trash bags to neighborhood centres, where they exchange them for bus tickets and food. This means less city litter and less disease, less garbage in sensitive areas such as rivers and a better life for the undernourished poor. There's also a program for children where they can exchange

text: recyclable

text: garbage for school supplies, chocolate, toys and tickets for shows.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recyclable garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: less garbage in sensitive areas such as rivers

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: less garbage in sensitive areas such as rivers

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rivers

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recyclable garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: less garbage in sensitive areas such as rivers

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: disease,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: a better life for the undernourished poor.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Iceland and Portland, Oregon in the United States.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Iceland and Portland, Oregon in the United States.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: disease,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: rivers

text: As the township does not provide residential trash pickup service, residents must pay for trash pickup services though a choice of two private garbage companies.

text: As the township does not provide residential trash pickup service, residents must pay for trash pickup services though a choice of two private garbage companies.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: private garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: As the township

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: private garbage companies.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash pickup service,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trash pickup service,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: residents must pay for trash pickup services

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: As the township does not provide residential trash pickup service,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: two private garbage companies.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: residents must pay for trash pickup services

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: two private garbage companies.

text: On October 12, a weak tropical disturbance formed within a monsoonal trough of low pressure in the South China Sea, just off the eastern coast of Borneo. For the next few weeks, the system stalled on the eastern coast of Bormeo, remaining disorganized, while the system barely affected the island of Borneo at all. During the last week of October, the storm detached from the moonsonal trough, and began slowly moving east. On , the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) both reported that the system had begun to develop, already beginning to organize itself, about 550 km (340 mi), to the southeast of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. During the next few days, the tropical depression strengthened slowly as it slowly moved towards the eastern border of the Indian Ocean. During this time, convection around the disturbance increased, but failed to organize around the storm's low level circulation center. Despite these unfavorable conditions, the storm managed to develop convection around its area of low pressure, and organized itself significantly. On , the Thai and Malaysian meteorological departments (TMD) reported that the disturbance had developed into a tropical depression, and initiated advisories on the system. From  continuing into , the storm strengthened slightly as it continued moving towards the Indian Ocean, but not enough for it to become a tropical storm. Late on , the tropical depression crossed the Malay Peninsula, and entered the extreme eastern part of the Indian Ocean, causing the west Pacific agencies to cancel all their advisories on the storm, as it was no longer in the west Pacific Ocean. As soon as the system entered the extreme eastern border of the Indian Ocean, the India Meteorological Agency (IMD) immediately declared the storm a depression, and began issuing advisories on the system, because the system had already organized itself into a tropical depression in the west Pacific Ocean, on , which was a day before the system entered the IMD's area of responsibility. Later on , the system began showing signs of further, but slow organization, as the system continued moving west slowly. Early on , the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) also issued their first advisory on the system, and the IMD simply called it Depression, becausing the storm had not yet entered the Bay of Bengal. Later on that day, the IMD reported that the system had weakened into an area of low pressure, due to the effects of crossing the Malay Peninsula, but they forecast it to become a depression soon again, as the storm was moving over warm water. Late on , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the system, as it began reorganizing itself. Early on , the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression again, this time giving it the designation "BOB 05," as the system had now entered the Bay of Bengal. On , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 05B.

text: On October 12, a weak

text: tropical disturbance

text: formed within a

text: monsoonal trough of low pressure

text: in the

text: South China Sea

text: , just off the eastern coast of

text: Borneo

text: . For the next few weeks, the system stalled on the eastern coast of Bormeo, remaining disorganized, while the system barely affected the island of Borneo at all. During the last week of October, the storm detached from the moonsonal trough, and began slowly moving east. On , the

text: Japan Meteorological Agency

text: (JMA) and the

text: Joint Typhoon Warning Center

text: (JTWC) both reported that the system had begun to develop, already beginning to organize itself, about 550 km (340 mi), to the southeast of

text: Ho Chi Minh City

text: Vietnam

text: . During the next few days, the tropical depression strengthened slowly as it slowly moved towards the eastern border of the

text: Indian Ocean

text: . During this time, convection around the disturbance increased, but failed to organize around the storm's low level circulation center. Despite these unfavorable conditions, the storm managed to develop convection around its

text: area of low pressure

text: , and organized itself significantly. On , the Thai and Malaysian meteorological departments (TMD) reported that the disturbance had developed into a tropical depression, and initiated advisories on the system. From  continuing into , the storm strengthened slightly as it continued moving towards the Indian Ocean, but not enough for it to become a tropical storm. Late on , the tropical depression crossed the

text: Malay Peninsula

text: , and entered the extreme eastern part of the

text: Indian Ocean

text: , causing the west Pacific agencies to cancel all their advisories on the storm, as it was no longer in the west Pacific Ocean. As soon as the system entered the extreme eastern border of the Indian Ocean, the India Meteorological Agency (IMD) immediately declared the storm a depression, and began issuing advisories on the system, because the system had already organized itself into a tropical depression in the west Pacific Ocean, on , which was a day before the system entered the IMD's area of responsibility. Later on , the system began showing signs of further, but slow organization, as the system continued moving west slowly. Early on , the

entity_name: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia)

text: Malaysian Meteorological Department

text: (MMD) also issued their first advisory on the system, and the IMD simply called it Depression, becausing the storm had not yet entered the

text: Bay of Bengal

text: . Later on that day, the IMD reported that the system had weakened into an area of low pressure, due to the effects of crossing the Malay Peninsula, but they forecast it to become a depression soon again, as the storm was moving over warm water. Late on , the

text: Joint Typhoon Warning Center

text: (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the system, as it began reorganizing itself. Early on , the

text: India Meteorological Department

text: (IMD) upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression again, this time giving it the designation "BOB 05," as the system had now entered the Bay of Bengal. On , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 05B.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 340 mi

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ethanol

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: intact trash

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: eastern part of the Indian Ocean,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: tropical storm.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: a tropical depression,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: (TMD)

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the storm strengthened slightly as it continued moving towards the Indian Ocean,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: (TMD) reported that the disturbance had developed into a tropical depression,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: a tropical storm.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: meteorological departments

text: Organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes. This could be the effect on the phenotype of the organism, where the gene is expressed or what other genes it interacts with. These experiments generally involve loss of function, gain of function, tracking and expression.

text: Organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes. This could be the effect on the phenotype of the organism, where the gene is expressed or what other genes it interacts with. These experiments generally involve loss of function, gain of function, tracking and expression.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: genetically engineered

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Organisms are genetically engineered

text: Dr. Kroger is also the subject of an ongoing feud between Monk and Harold Krenshaw, another patient with similar problems. While very forgiving, even he has to get fed up with Monk from time to time, most heavily demonstrated in "Mr. Monk and the Sleeping Suspect", when Dr. Kroger returns from vacationing in Costa Rica and sees Monk standing outside his home. Dr. Kroger instructs the cab driver to keep driving and keeps his head low to avoid Monk. In "Mr. Monk and the Garbage Strike", when the city stops collecting garbage, Monk is so desperate that he actually mails his garbage to Dr. Kroger's house. When Dr. Kroger confronts him about this, Monk denies it until Dr. Kroger points out that the garbage has been sorted according to color and food groups and has Monk's handwriting on it.

text: Dr. Kroger is also the subject of an ongoing feud between Monk and Harold Krenshaw, another patient with similar problems. While very forgiving, even he has to get fed up with Monk from time to time, most heavily demonstrated in "

text: Mr. Monk and the Sleeping Suspect

text: ", when Dr. Kroger returns from vacationing in

text: Costa Rica

text: and sees Monk standing outside his home. Dr. Kroger instructs the cab driver to keep driving and keeps his head low to avoid Monk. In "

text: Mr. Monk and the Garbage Strike

text: ", when the city stops collecting garbage, Monk is so desperate that he actually mails his garbage to Dr. Kroger's house. When Dr. Kroger confronts him about this, Monk denies it until Dr. Kroger points out that the garbage has been sorted according to color and food groups and has Monk's handwriting on it.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food groups

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mr. Monk and the Garbage Strike

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Strike

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Costa Rica

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Strike",

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: color and food groups

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Strike",

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Costa Rica

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Costa Rica

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: color and food groups

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Mr. Monk and the Garbage Strike",

text: Based on laboratory rat studies, imidacloprid is rated as "moderately toxic" on an acute oral basis to mammals and low toxicity on a dermal basis by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (class II or III, requiring a "Warning" or "Caution" label). It is rated as an "unlikely" carcinogen and as weakly mutagenic by the U.S. EPA (group E).  It is not listed for reproductive or developmental toxicity, but is listed on EPA's Tier 1 Screening Order for chemicals to be tested under the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP).  Tolerances for imidacloprid residues in food range from 0.02 mg/kg in eggs to 3.0 mg/kg in hops.

text: Based on laboratory rat studies, imidacloprid is rated as "moderately toxic" on an acute oral basis to mammals and low toxicity on a dermal basis by the

text: World Health Organization

text: and the

text: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: (class II or III, requiring a "Warning" or "Caution" label). It is rated as an "unlikely"

text: carcinogen

text: and as weakly mutagenic by the U.S. EPA (group E).  It is not listed for

text: reproductive

text: or

text: developmental

text: toxicity, but is listed on EPA's Tier 1 Screening Order for chemicals to be tested under the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP).  Tolerances for imidacloprid residues in food range from 0.02 mg/kg in eggs to 3.0 mg/kg in

text: hops

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.02

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Tolerances for imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is rated as an "unlikely" carcinogen

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.02 mg/kg in eggs to 3.0 mg/kg

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: imidacloprid

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: imidacloprid

text: Initial findings from the voyages concluded that the vast majority of the debris is small. The tiny portions of the debris field was said to be pervasive, and was found both at the surface and at deeper areas. It was also described as a "nearly inconceivable amount of tiny, confettilike pieces of broken plastic", increasing in density the further they sampled into the patch. Findings suggested that the presence of small debris, of a similar size to the existent marine life, could prove an obstacle to cleanup efforts.

text: Initial findings from the voyages concluded that the vast majority of the debris is small. The tiny portions of the debris field was said to be pervasive, and was found both at the surface and at deeper areas. It was also described as a "nearly inconceivable amount of tiny,

text: confetti

text: like pieces of broken plastic", increasing in density the further they sampled into the patch. Findings suggested that the presence of small debris, of a similar size to the existent marine life, could prove an obstacle to cleanup efforts.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: small

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: small

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The vast majority of the debris is small

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It was also described as a "nearly inconceivable amount

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The vast majority of the debris is small

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: small.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: small.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: tiny, confettilike pieces of broken plastic",

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic",

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: tiny, confettilike pieces of broken plastic",

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: small.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: small.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: small debris, of a similar size to the existent marine life,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: tiny, confettilike pieces of broken plastic",

text: Asthenia (Greek: ἀσθένεια, lit lack of strength but also disease) is a medical term referring to a condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts. It denotes symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength. General asthenia occurs in many chronic wasting diseases (such as tuberculosis and cancer), sleep disorders or chronic disorders of the heart, lungs or kidneys, and is probably most marked in diseases of the adrenal gland. Asthenia may be limited to certain organs or systems of organs, as in asthenopia, characterized by ready fatiguability. Asthenia is also a side effect of some medications and treatments, such as Ritonavir (a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment), vaccines such as the HPV vaccine Gardasil and fentanyl patches (an opioid used to treat pain).

text: Asthenia (

text: Greek

text: : ἀσθένεια, lit lack of strength but also disease) is a medical term referring to a condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts. It denotes symptoms of physical weakness and

text: loss of strength

text: . General asthenia occurs in many chronic wasting diseases (such as tuberculosis and cancer), sleep disorders or chronic disorders of the heart, lungs or kidneys, and is probably most marked in diseases of the adrenal gland. Asthenia may be limited to certain

text: organs

text: or systems of organs, as in

text: asthenopia

text: , characterized by ready fatiguability. Asthenia is also a side effect of some medications and treatments, such as

text: Ritonavir

text: (a

text: protease inhibitor

text: used in

text: HIV

text: treatment), vaccines such as the HPV vaccine

text: Gardasil

text: and

text: fentanyl

text: patches (an

text: opioid

text: used to treat pain).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Fentanyl

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: wasting diseases

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Asthenia

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Asthenia

text: Internally, kpatch consists of two parts the core kernel module executes the live patching mechanism by altering kernel's inner workings, while a set of userspace utilities prepares individual hot patch kernel modules from source diffs and manages their application.  Live kernel patching is performed at the function level, meaning that kpatch can replace entire functions in the running kernel with their patched versions by using facilities provided by ftrace to "route around" old versions of functions; that way, hot patches can also easily be undone.  No changes to the kernel's internal data structures are possible; however, security patches, which are one of the natural candidates to be used with kpatch, rarely contain changes to the kernel's data structures.

text: Internally, kpatch consists of two parts the core

text: kernel module

text: executes the live patching mechanism by altering kernel's inner workings, while a set of

text: userspace

text: utilities prepares individual

text: hot patch

text: kernel modules from

text: source diff

text: s and manages their application.  Live kernel patching is performed at the

text: function

text: level, meaning that kpatch can replace entire functions in the running kernel with their patched versions by using facilities provided by

text: ftrace

text: to "route around" old versions of functions; that way, hot patches can also easily be undone.  No changes to the kernel's internal

text: data structure

text: s are possible; however,

text: security patch

text: es, which are one of the natural candidates to be used with kpatch, rarely contain changes to the kernel's data structures.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Internally, kpatch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: security patches,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: kpatch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Internally, kpatch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: kpatch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: kpatch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: kpatch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Internally, kpatch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: kpatch

text: As mentioned previously, FATS have been used to establish models that predict toxicity of chemicals. For instance, FATS data is used to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. QSAR models developed using FATS data are then used to establish computer based systems that predict toxicity. For example, Russom and colleagues used Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 96-hour acute toxicity tests data, FATS data and QSARs to create a computer based expert system that predicts chemical toxicity based on chemical structures and properties. These models and systems are useful for screening chemicals to prioritize more toxic substances for further toxicity testing. This is particularly useful for industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity. This due to the quantity of industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity, for which individual toxicity testing is not realistic. In addition, models and computer systems that predict toxicity are also cost-effective in comparison to running toxicity tests on all unknown chemicals. In conclusion, predictive screening techniques derived from FATS data are practical and cost efficient.

text: As mentioned previously, FATS have been used to establish models that predict toxicity of chemicals. For instance, FATS data is used to develop

text: quantitative structure-activity relationship

text: (QSAR) models. QSAR models developed using FATS data are then used to establish computer based systems that predict toxicity. For example, Russom and colleagues used

text: Fathead Minnow

text: (Pimephales promelas) 96-hour acute toxicity tests data, FATS data and QSARs to create a computer based expert system that predicts chemical toxicity based on chemical structures and properties. These models and systems are useful for screening chemicals to prioritize more toxic substances for further toxicity testing. This is particularly useful for industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity. This due to the quantity of industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity, for which individual toxicity testing is not realistic. In addition, models and computer systems that predict toxicity are also cost-effective in comparison to running toxicity tests on all unknown chemicals. In conclusion, predictive screening techniques derived from FATS data are practical and cost efficient.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic is a major contributor to ocean acidification.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Context: Plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: context: The North Pacific Gyre is estimated to have a mass of 100 million tons.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: context: Plastic is present as particles, confetti-like pieces and as intact trash.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Fathead Minnow

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: industrial chemicals with unknown toxicity.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: FATS

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: FATS have been used to establish models that predict toxicity of chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: unknown toxicity.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Fathead Minnow

text: 5 Gyres was one of two organizations that recently researched the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. They also presented their results at the Aquarium of the Pacific and have been cited as a source for estimating the size of the gyres.  5 Gyres explained their activities at a National Aquarium radio broadcast, has been featured at the Two Oceans Aquarium website, and has prepared, along with the Goody Awards, tips on how to reduce plastic consumption. 5 Gyres has also worked with environmental artist Marina DeBris in using trashion to help raise awareness of ocean trash.

text: 5 Gyres was one of two organizations that recently researched the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . They also presented their results at the

text: Aquarium of the Pacific

text: and have been cited as a source for estimating the size of the gyres.  5 Gyres explained their activities at a National Aquarium radio broadcast, has been featured at the

text: Two Oceans Aquarium

text: website, and has prepared, along with the Goody Awards, tips on how to reduce plastic consumption. 5 Gyres has also worked with environmental artist

text: Marina DeBris

text: in using

text: trashion

text: to help raise awareness of ocean trash.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 5 Gyres has also worked with environmental artist Marina DeBris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trashion

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic consumption.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The size of the patch is unknown, because large items readily visible from a boat deck are uncommon. Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface, making it difficult to accurately detect by aircraft or satellite. Instead, the size of the patch is determined by sampling. Estimates of size range from  (about the size of Texas) to more than  (0.4% to 8% of the size of the Pacific Ocean), or, in some media reports, up to "twice the size of the continental United States". Such estimates, however, are conjectural given the complexities of sampling and the need to assess findings against other areas. Further, although the size of the patch is determined by a higher-than-normal degree of concentration of pelagic debris, there is no standard for determining the boundary between "normal" and "elevated" levels of pollutants to provide a firm estimate of the affected area.

text: The size of the patch is unknown, because large items readily visible from a boat deck are uncommon. Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface, making it difficult to accurately detect by aircraft or satellite. Instead, the size of the patch is determined by sampling. Estimates of size range from

text: (about the size of Texas) to more than  (0.4% to 8% of the size of the Pacific Ocean), or, in some media reports, up to "twice the size of the continental United States". Such estimates, however, are conjectural given the complexities of sampling and the need to assess findings against other areas. Further, although the size of the patch is determined by a higher-than-normal degree of concentration of

text: pelagic

text: debris, there is no standard for determining the boundary between "normal" and "elevated" levels of pollutants to provide a firm estimate of the affected area.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: about the size of Texas

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic particles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pollutants

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic particles

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "twice the size of the continental United States".

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "twice the size of the continental United States".

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface,

text: In May 2016, Mwanawasa announced her candidacy for Executive Mayor of Lusaka under the sponsorship of the United Party for National Development (UPND) in the 2016 general election held on August 11, 2016. Mwanawasa, who filed her nomination papers on May 30, 2016, received the endorsements of former President and Vice President Guy Scott, as well as former MPs Sylvia Masebo and Obvious Mwaliteta. She pledged to curb the city's cholera outbreaks and water shortages if elected. Mwanawasa also promised to clean up the city's chronic garbage and litter problems by creating a now garbage collection system, saying "Everywhere you look around in Lusaka, there is garbage and this should change starting this week when we form government. There is no way our beautiful city can be floating on garbage...The levels of indiscriminate disposal of garbage in Lusaka city are alarming. When you are on the streets of Lusaka, you look west you see garbage, you look east you see garbage, you look north, it’s garbage, you look south it’s garbage. This is unacceptable. Would you like it if your house was filled with garbage and there is bad odour all around? The answer is no. We need to maintain our hygiene and stay healthy and fit. It is our duty to keep our city clean not only for us, but also for the people visiting our city and also for the future generations."

text: In May 2016, Mwanawasa announced her candidacy for Executive

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Lusaka

text: under the sponsorship of the

text: United Party for National Development

text: (UPND) in the

text: 2016 general election

text: held on August 11, 2016. Mwanawasa, who filed her nomination papers on May 30, 2016, received the endorsements of former

text: President

text: and

text: Vice President

text: Guy Scott

text: , as well as former MPs

text: Sylvia Masebo

text: and

text: Obvious Mwaliteta

text: . She pledged to curb the city's

text: cholera

text: outbreaks and water shortages if elected. Mwanawasa also promised to clean up the city's chronic garbage and litter problems by creating a now garbage collection system, saying "Everywhere you look around in Lusaka, there is garbage and this should change starting this week when we form government. There is no way our beautiful city can be floating on garbage...The levels of indiscriminate disposal of garbage in Lusaka city are alarming. When you are on the streets of Lusaka, you look west you see garbage, you look east you see garbage, you look north, it’s garbage, you look south it’s garbage. This is unacceptable. Would you like it if your house was filled with garbage and there is bad odour all around? The answer is no. We need to maintain our hygiene and stay healthy and fit. It is our duty to keep our city clean not only for us, but also for the people visiting our city and also for the future generations."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mwanawasa also promised to clean up the city's chronic garbage and litter problems

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: would you like it if your house was filled with garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: indiscriminate disposal of garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: south

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage...The

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage and litter problems

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage...The

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage...The

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: future generations."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage...The

text: Water temperatures vary widely on a seasonal basis in polar and temperate habitats, inducing metabolic changes in organisms exposed to these conditions. Seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries than in the open ocean due to the large surface area of shallow water as well as the differential temperature of ocean and river water. During the summer, rivers are often warmer than the ocean, so there is a gradient of decreasing temperature towards the ocean in an estuary. This switches in the winter, with ocean waters being much warmer than river water, producing the opposite temperature gradient. Temperature is changing on a larger time scale as well, with predicted temperature changes slowly increasing both freshwater and marine water sources (though at variable rates), further enhancing the impact that temperature has on shell deposition processes in estuarine environments.

text: Water temperatures vary widely on a seasonal basis in polar and temperate habitats, inducing metabolic changes in organisms exposed to these conditions. Seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries than in the open ocean due to the large surface area of shallow water as well as the differential temperature of ocean and river water. During the summer, rivers are often warmer than the ocean, so there is a gradient of decreasing temperature towards the ocean in an estuary. This switches in the winter, with ocean waters being much warmer than river water, producing the opposite temperature gradient. Temperature is changing on a larger time scale as well, with predicted temperature changes slowly increasing both freshwater and marine water sources (though at variable rates), further enhancing the impact that temperature has on shell deposition processes in estuarine environments.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: estuaries

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries than in the open ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: shell deposition

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: estuaries

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Seasonal temperature swings

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Water temperatures

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Seasonal temperature swings

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Seasonal temperature swings

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries

text: When multiple chemicals are applied to the same surface without full removal of the earlier substance, the chemicals may interact. This interaction may result in a reduction of the efficiency of the chemicals applied (such as a change in pH value caused by mixing alkalis and acids) and in cases may even emit toxic fumes. An example of this is the mixing of ammonia-based cleaners (or acid-based cleaners) and bleach. This causes the production of chloramines that volatilize (become gaseous) causing acute inflammation of the lungs (toxic pneumonitis), long-term respiratory damage, and potential death.

text: When multiple chemicals are applied to the same surface without full removal of the earlier substance, the chemicals may interact. This interaction may result in a reduction of the efficiency of the chemicals applied (such as a change in

text: pH

text: value caused by mixing alkalis and acids) and in cases may even emit toxic fumes. An example of this is the mixing of ammonia-based cleaners (or acid-based cleaners) and bleach. This causes the production of

text: chloramines

text: that volatilize (become gaseous) causing acute

text: inflammation

text: of the lungs (toxic pneumonitis), long-term respiratory damage, and potential death.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: chloramines

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic fumes

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals are applied to the same surface without full removal of the earlier substance,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: When multiple chemicals are applied to the same surface without full removal

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bleach. This causes the production of chloramines

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: bleach.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the chemicals may interact.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: the chemicals may interact.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the chemicals may interact.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: When multiple chemicals are applied to the same surface without full removal

text: Cabbage Patch Kids were parodied by the Garbage Pail Kids trading cards. The parody led Xavier Roberts to sue Topps, the maker of Garbage Pail Kids, for trademark infringement.

text: Cabbage Patch Kids were parodied by the

text: Garbage Pail Kids

text: trading card

text: s. The parody led

text: Xavier Roberts

text: to

text: sue

text: Topps

text: , the maker of Garbage Pail Kids, for

text: trademark

text: infringement

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: Trash on modern large submarines is usually disposed of using a tube called a Trash Disposal Unit (TDU), where it is compacted into a galvanized steel can. At the bottom of the TDU is a large ball valve. An ice plug is set on top of the ball valve to protect it, the cans atop the ice plug. The top breech door is shut, and the TDU is flooded and equalized with sea pressure, the ball valve is opened and the cans fall out assisted by scrap iron weights in the cans. The TDU is also flushed with seawater to ensure it is completely empty and the ball valve is clear before closing the valve.

text: Trash on modern large submarines is usually disposed of using a tube called a Trash Disposal Unit (TDU), where it is compacted into a galvanized steel can. At the bottom of the TDU is a large ball valve. An ice plug is set on top of the ball valve to protect it, the cans atop the ice plug. The top breech door is shut, and the TDU is flooded and equalized with sea pressure, the ball valve is opened and the cans fall out assisted by scrap iron weights in the cans. The TDU is also flushed with seawater to ensure it is completely empty and the ball valve is clear before closing the valve.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: cans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: submarines

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Trash Disposal Unit

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Trash on modern large submarines

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Trash on modern large submarines

text: The director Candida Brady notes they tried to address potential backlash "by putting all the science together in one place ... we've got 84 peer-reviewed published studies, so that you couldn't dispute it. I think a lot of the problems that films have had in the past were things that don't stand up when you look a little further". To her the most disturbing study was about umbilical cord blood (2009), which "found up to 232 man-made industrial compounds and pollutants present in a child before it is even born. Ten out of ten babies were shown to have chlorinated dioxins in their blood". Other influential studies and interviews include Dr. Ana Soto (who has researched Bisphenol A in plastic) who "explained that toxic chemicals are afforded the same rights as human beings: innocent until proven guilty", and Paul Jepson's work at ZSL about the effect of toxic chemicals on cetaceans in the world's seas and oceans for 20 years, finding out that the killer whales are no longer able to reproduce as they carry the biggest toxic burden.

text: The director Candida Brady notes they tried to address potential backlash "by putting all the science together in one place ... we've got 84 peer-reviewed published studies, so that you couldn't dispute it. I think a lot of the problems that films have had in the past were things that don't stand up when you look a little further". To her the most disturbing study was about

text: umbilical cord blood

text: (2009), which "found up to 232 man-made industrial compounds and pollutants present in a child before it is even born. Ten out of ten babies were shown to have chlorinated dioxins in their blood". Other influential studies and interviews include Dr. Ana Soto (who has researched

text: Bisphenol A

text: in plastic) who "explained that toxic chemicals are afforded the same rights as human beings: innocent until proven guilty", and Paul Jepson's work at ZSL about the effect of toxic chemicals on

text: cetacea

text: ns in the world's seas and oceans for 20 years, finding out that the

text: killer whale

text: s are no longer able to reproduce as they carry the biggest toxic burden.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bisphenol A in plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bisphenol A

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Bisphenol A

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Ten out of ten

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic)

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Bisphenol A in plastic)

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bisphenol A

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Bisphenol A in plastic)

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 20 years,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 84

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 84 peer-reviewed published studies,

text: Founded in 2010 by Angela Haseltine Pozzi, an artist and educator for over 30 years, the unique non-profit organization has built over 45 giant sculptures from over 12 tons of ocean garbage, and the exhibit, including educational signage, has appeared at numerous venues including SeaWorld Parks throughout the USA, The Virginia Aquarium, San Francisco Zoo, The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California Newport Visual Arts Center, the Chula Vista, California Nature Center, Portland Community College, America's Cup Healthy Oceans Exhibit and the Oregon Coast Aquarium.

text: Founded in 2010 by Angela Haseltine Pozzi, an artist and educator for over 30 years, the unique non-profit organization has built over 45 giant sculptures from over 12 tons of ocean garbage, and the exhibit, including educational signage, has appeared at numerous venues including SeaWorld Parks throughout the USA, The Virginia Aquarium, San Francisco Zoo,

text: The Marine Mammal Center

text: in

text: Sausalito, California

text: Newport

text: Visual Arts Center, the

text: Chula Vista, California

text: Nature Center,

text: Portland Community College

text: , America's Cup Healthy Oceans Exhibit and the

text: Oregon Coast Aquarium

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 12 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: 12 tons of ocean garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Marine Mammal

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 12 tons of ocean garbage,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 12 tons of ocean garbage,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 12 tons of ocean garbage,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 12 tons of ocean garbage,

text: There are two main ways that an object can resurrect itself or another object: by creating a reference to itself in an object that it can reach (garbage is not reachable, but garbage can reference non-garbage objects), or by creating a reference in the environment (global variables, or in some cases static variables or variables in a closure). Python examples of both follow, for an object resurrecting itself. It is also possible for an object to resurrect other objects if both are being collected in a given garbage collection cycle, by the same mechanisms.

text: There are two main ways that an object can resurrect itself or another object: by creating a reference to itself in an object that it can reach (garbage is not reachable, but garbage can reference non-garbage objects), or by creating a reference in the environment (global variables, or in some cases static variables or variables in a closure). Python examples of both follow, for an object resurrecting itself. It is also possible for an object to resurrect other objects if both are being collected in a given garbage collection cycle, by the same mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage can reference garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: gyre

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a toxic substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces confetti-like pieces trash

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (garbage is not reachable,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: (garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: (garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: (global variables,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: (garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: (garbage is not reachable,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: creating a reference to itself in an object that it can reach

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: (garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Python examples of both follow, for an object resurrecting itself.

text: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility, a 56 MW generating incineration plant that burns municipal garbage and waste, is next to the Dickerson Generating Station. This waste-to-energy plant is served by the CSX railroad line, which delivers trash from a central collection center in Derwood to the plant. The facility began operations in 1995 and is operated by the Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority, a state-owned corporation.

text: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility, a 56 MW generating

text: incineration

text: plant that burns municipal

text: garbage

text: and

text: waste

text: , is next to the Dickerson Generating Station. This

text: waste-to-energy

text: plant is served by the CSX

text: railroad

text: line, which delivers trash from a central collection center in

text: Derwood

text: to the plant. The facility began operations in 1995 and is operated by the Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority, a

text: state-owned corporation

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Montgomery County

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: municipal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The facility began operations in 1995

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: municipal

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: municipal garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1995

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility,

text: Most of these factors serve biological functions.  For example, the process of satiation helps the organism maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis). When an organism has been deprived of sugar, for example, the taste of sugar is a highly effective reinforcer. However, when the organism's blood sugar reaches or exceeds an optimum level the taste of sugar becomes less effective, perhaps even aversive.

text: Most of these factors serve biological functions.  For example, the process of satiation helps the organism maintain a stable internal environment (

text: homeostasis

text: ). When an organism has been deprived of sugar, for example, the taste of sugar is a highly effective reinforcer. However, when the organism's blood sugar reaches or exceeds an optimum level the taste of sugar becomes less effective, perhaps even aversive.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (homeostasis).

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: sugar,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the process of satiation helps the organism maintain a stable internal environment

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: sugar,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Most of these factors serve biological functions.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Most of these factors serve biological functions.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Most of these factors serve biological functions.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: biological functions.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Most of these factors serve biological functions.

text: Camber angle alters the handling qualities of a particular suspension design; in particular, negative camber improves grip when cornering. This is because it places the tire at a better angle to the road, transmitting the forces through the vertical plane of the tire rather than through a shear force across it. Another reason for negative camber is that a rubber tire tends to roll on itself while cornering. The inside edge of the contact patch would begin to lift off of the ground if the tire had zero camber, reducing the area of the contact patch. This effect is compensated for by applying negative camber, maximizing the contact patch area. Note that this is only true for the outside tire during the turn; the inside tire would benefit most from positive camber.

text: Camber angle alters the

text: handling

text: qualities of a particular suspension design; in particular, negative camber improves grip when cornering. This is because it places the

text: tire

text: at a better angle to the road, transmitting the forces through the vertical plane of the tire rather than through a

text: shear

text: force across it. Another reason for negative camber is that a rubber tire tends to roll on itself while cornering. The inside edge of the

text: contact patch

text: would begin to lift off of the ground if the tire had zero camber, reducing the area of the contact patch. This effect is compensated for by applying negative camber, maximizing the contact patch area. Note that this is only true for the outside tire during the turn; the inside tire would benefit most from positive camber.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: zero camber

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Camber angle

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Camber

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Camber angle

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: negative camber

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Camber angle

text: The Sub-Mariners discover a strange portal in the ocean's depths but it implodes as they draw near. Later, at the behest of Loki, Minoru introduces her new friend to She-Hulk. When Medusa accuses the stranger, a sentient pocket universe, of creating the portal, a sentinel falls from another portal and attacks the team. During the fight, the newcomer saves Dazzler and convinces She-Hulk that she is not the cause. After destroying the sentinel, She-Hulk decides to travel through the still open portal and investigate the source herself.

text: The Sub-Mariners discover a strange portal in the ocean's depths but it implodes as they draw near. Later, at the behest of

text: Loki

text: , Minoru introduces her new friend to She-Hulk. When

text: Medusa

text: accuses the stranger, a sentient

text: pocket universe

text: , of creating the portal, a

text: sentinel

text: falls from another portal and attacks the team. During the fight, the newcomer saves

text: Dazzler

text: and convinces She-Hulk that she is not the cause. After destroying the sentinel, She-Hulk decides to travel through the still open portal and investigate the source herself.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Dazzler

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the source of the portal?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean's depths

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: a sentient pocket universe,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a strange portal in the ocean's depths

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Medusa

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: She-Hulk.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: She-Hulk.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ocean's depths

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it implodes

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Sub-Mariners discover a strange portal

text: A waste container is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or plastic. Some common terms are dustbin, garbage can, trash can and dumpster. The words "rubbish", "basket" and "bin" are more common in British English usage; "trash" and "can" are more common in American English usage.  "Garbage" may refer to food waste specifically (when distinguished from "trash") or to municipal solid waste in general. In 1875, the first personal rubbish bins were introduced in Britain to create a regulated system of trash collection.

text: A waste container is a

text: container

text: for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of

text: metal

text: or

text: plastic

text: . Some common terms are dustbin, garbage can, trash can and dumpster. The words "rubbish", "basket" and "bin" are more common in British English usage; "trash" and "can" are more common in American English usage.  "Garbage" may refer to

text: food waste

text: specifically (when distinguished from "trash") or to

text: municipal solid waste

text: in general. In 1875, the first personal rubbish bins were introduced in Britain to create a regulated system of trash collection.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: A waste container

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: A waste container

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1875,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1875,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A waste container is a container for temporarily storing waste,

text: Garbage released One Mile High...live as a live document to mark the end of their fifth world tour, and their first since reforming the year prior. The band had never released a live video in the career. The Denver show was chosen to be filmed due to considerations such as fanbase, venue size, and the fact that Garbage were headlining. Butch Vig later explained, "It's a very honest representation of what we sound like live. As a producer, I've seen a lot of bands release live DVDs and what they do is they go back in the studio and re-record everything and make it sound perfect. We did not do that. We left it very pure. It's what we sound like live. You hear little mistakes and things in the set that happen any night because it's a live environment." Vig added that the band felt that doing a show with lasers and special effects, or special guest vocalists would misrepresent the band: "It's just Garbage on stage playing our songs. That's the DVD we wanted to put out." Garbage also shot backstage documentary footage, as well as recorded audio from various shows across the tour, however this was not used on One Mile High...live.

text: Garbage released One Mile High...live as a live document to mark the end of their fifth world tour, and their first since reforming the year prior. The band had never released a live video in the career. The Denver show was chosen to be filmed due to considerations such as

text: fanbase

text: , venue size, and the fact that Garbage were headlining.

text: Butch Vig

text: later explained, "It's a very honest representation of what we sound like live. As a producer, I've seen a lot of bands release live DVDs and what they do is they go back in the studio and re-record everything and make it sound perfect. We did not do that. We left it very pure. It's what we sound like live. You hear little mistakes and things in the set that happen any night because it's a live environment." Vig added that the band felt that doing a show with

text: lasers

text: and

text: special effects

text: , or special guest vocalists would misrepresent the band: "It's just Garbage on stage playing our songs. That's the DVD we wanted to put out." Garbage also shot backstage documentary footage, as well as recorded audio from various shows across the tour, however this was not used on One Mile High...live.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage released One Mile High...live as a live document

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fifth world tour,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: lasers and special effects,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: One Mile High...live.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: lasers and special effects,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: lasers and special effects,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: One Mile High...live.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: One Mile High...live.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: live environment."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: lasers and special effects,

text: Water supply is provided by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. Of the six headworks from which the city gets its water supply, four are maintained by the municipal corporation and the rest by other agencies. Apart from the  Gandhi market, Central Bus terminus and the Chathram bus terminus, solid waste management in the city is handled by the corporation. About 400 tonnes of solid waste are released from city every year. The principal garbage dumping ground is at Ariyamangalam.  Recently, the Tiruchirappalli city corporation has gone in for scientific closure of the garbage dump and its replacement with a sewage treatment plant. Waste water management in the Trichy-Srirangam under ground drainage (UGD) areas are handled by the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) and in other areas by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. The high toxicity of the waste water released by the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) is a major cause of concern for the corporation. The corporation's annual expenditure for the year 2010-11 is estimated to be Rs. 155.94 crores. The corporation also maintains public parks in Tiruchirappalli city, notable among them being the P. T. Rajan Park, Chinnaswamy Park, Lourdusamy Park, Raja Park, Parangiri Velusamy Park and Ibrahim Park.

text: Water supply is provided by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. Of the six headworks from which the city gets its water supply, four are maintained by the municipal corporation and the rest by other agencies. Apart from the  Gandhi market, Central Bus terminus and the Chathram bus terminus, solid waste management in the city is handled by the corporation. About 400 tonnes of solid waste are released from city every year. The principal

text: garbage dumping ground

text: is at

text: Ariyamangalam

text: .  Recently, the Tiruchirappalli city corporation has gone in for scientific closure of the garbage dump and its replacement with a

text: sewage treatment plant

text: . Waste water management in the Trichy-Srirangam under ground drainage (UGD) areas are handled by the

entity_name: Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board

text: Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board

text: (TWAD) and in other areas by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. The high toxicity of the waste water released by the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) is a major cause of concern for the corporation. The corporation's annual expenditure for the year 2010-11 is estimated to be Rs. 155.94 crores. The corporation also maintains public parks in Tiruchirappalli city, notable among them being the P. T. Rajan Park, Chinnaswamy Park, Lourdusamy Park, Raja Park, Parangiri Velusamy Park and Ibrahim Park.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 400 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: solid waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: About 400 tonnes of solid waste are released from city every year

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: TDCL

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: high toxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 400 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Ariyamangalam.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Ariyamangalam.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The principal garbage dumping ground is at Ariyamangalam.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Ariyamangalam.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 400 tonnes of solid waste are released from city every year.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Ariyamangalam.

text: With a northern limit at 60°S, the Southern Ocean differs from the other oceans in that its largest boundary, the northern boundary, does not abut a landmass (as it did with the first edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas). Instead, the northern limit is with the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

text: With a northern limit at

text: , the Southern Ocean differs from the other oceans in that its largest boundary, the northern boundary, does not abut a landmass (as it did with the first edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas). Instead, the northern limit is with the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 60°S

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Southern Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 60°S,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: landmass

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: With a northern limit at 60°S,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: With a northern limit at 60°S,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: landmass

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: With a northern limit at 60°S, the Southern Ocean

text: Although initially devoted to the study of anthropogenic toxicants, the term is now used to describe research into the ecological effects of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, thereby integrating secondary effects of anthropogenic activities such as ocean acidification resulting from increased dissolution of carbon dioxide into the surface waters of the oceans  It has been proposed that this broadening of focus from purely toxicological effects to the consideration of more general stressors moves beyond the definition of "ecotoxicology". Van Straalen (2003), in particular, argued that the field had diversified to become Stress Ecology and that, as the effects of anthropogenic toxicants compound existing, natural stressors, exclusive study of their effects in an ecological context was nonsensical. Whilst this proposal is well argued, it is odd of Van Straalen to have specified solely "ecology" as the field when the original field of ecotoxicology was intended to cover all levels of biological organisation from molecular-level causes to ecosystem-level effects. Therefore, the term Stress Biology would seem more appropriate.

text: Although initially devoted to the study of anthropogenic toxicants, the term is now used to describe research into the ecological effects of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, thereby integrating secondary effects of anthropogenic activities such as

text: ocean acidification

text: resulting from increased dissolution of

text: carbon dioxide

text: into the surface waters of the oceans  It has been proposed that this broadening of focus from purely toxicological effects to the consideration of more general stressors moves beyond the definition of "ecotoxicology". Van Straalen (2003), in particular, argued that the field had diversified to become Stress Ecology and that, as the effects of anthropogenic toxicants compound existing, natural stressors, exclusive study of their effects in an ecological context was nonsensical. Whilst this proposal is well argued, it is odd of Van Straalen to have specified solely "ecology" as the field when the original field of ecotoxicology was intended to cover all levels of biological organisation from molecular-level causes to ecosystem-level effects. Therefore, the term Stress Biology would seem more appropriate.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: anthropogenic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: secondary effects of anthropogenic activities

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: anthropogenic toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: anthropogenic toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: anthropogenic toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: anthropogenic toxicants,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Stress Ecology

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Stress Ecology

text: All other types are considered non-native. The native types behave very similarly to primitive types in other programming languages. Handle types, however, behave more like objects. Handle types often represent an "object" within the game (units, players, special effects, etc.). Similarly to how Java treats Objects, all variables and parameters in JASS of handle types are treated as values, but in reality those values are nothing but references to the handle objects. This becomes important when dealing with garbage collection because handles, if not properly cleaned up, can cause significant performance issues. Additionally, local variables do not properly dereference handles when they go out of scope. If they are not nullified properly, handle indices will not be garbage collected and will eventually leak. Also, any references to handles themselves take up some memory space. Users may experience reduced performance if they are not nullified, though on a much smaller scale.

text: All other types are considered non-native. The native types behave very similarly to

text: primitive types

text: in other programming languages. Handle types, however, behave more like

text: objects

text: . Handle types often represent an "object" within the game (units, players, special effects, etc.). Similarly to how

text: Java

text: treats Objects, all variables and parameters in JASS of handle types are treated as values, but in reality those values are nothing but

text: references

text: to the handle objects. This becomes important when dealing with

text: garbage collection

text: because handles, if not properly cleaned up, can cause significant performance issues. Additionally, local variables do not properly dereference handles when they go out of scope. If they are not nullified properly, handle indices will not be garbage collected and will eventually leak. Also, any references to handles themselves take up some memory space. Users may experience reduced performance if they are not nullified, though on a much smaller scale.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be a threat to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a non-native

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: non-native.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Handle types,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collection

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Handle types,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: non-native.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: non-native.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: All other types are considered non-native.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: handles, if not properly cleaned up, can cause significant performance issues.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Handle types,

text: The Garbage Bowl became associated with the Montreal Westward Rotary Club in 1952 when the club started sponsoring the game as a fund-raising event.  The first beneficiary of the game's proceeds was the newly merged School for Crippled Children and the Mackay Institute for the Deaf.  While the Mackay Centre for Deaf and Crippled Children continues to be a recipient of funds, the list of beneficiaries has expanded to include most organizations sponsored by the Westward Rotary Club.  In keeping with the spirit of the game, the money was collected by volunteers carrying garbage cans around the field into which fans would toss their donations.

text: The Garbage Bowl became associated with the Montreal Westward

text: Rotary Club

text: in 1952 when the club started sponsoring the game as a fund-raising event.  The first beneficiary of the game's proceeds was the newly merged School for Crippled Children and the Mackay Institute for the Deaf.  While the Mackay Centre for Deaf and Crippled Children continues to be a recipient of funds, the list of beneficiaries has expanded to include most organizations sponsored by the Westward Rotary Club.  In keeping with the spirit of the game, the money was collected by volunteers carrying garbage cans around the field into which fans would toss their donations.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Montreal Westward Rotary Club

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: School for Crippled Children

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage Bowl

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Garbage Bowl became associated with the Montreal Westward Rotary Club

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Montreal Westward Rotary Club in 1952

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Children

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Garbage Bowl

text: The subcontracting of MSW collection to foreign companies had an immediate negative impact upon the Zabbaleen community as documented in Mai Iskander's film, Garbage Dreams. Contracting out MSW to foreign companies meant that the Zabbaleen would lose access to garbage, which was the basis of their recycling and sorting activities. In the documentary Garbage Dreams, Laila, a social worker in Mokattam Village, says, "The city contracted with foreign waste disposal companies because they perceived the Zabbaleen to be old-fashioned. But they didn't come tell us, "You need to modernize your ways." This was all done behind our backs. "we're replacing you with the companies." So we can be like the developed countries." In contrast, because officials from the Cairo Cleaning and Beautification Authority (CCBA) regarded the Zabbaleen recycling methods as unhygienic and backwards, they were optimistic about the process and hoped for a positive impact on Cairo's environment. However, because the mechanized equipment of the foreign companies are too large for the streets of Cairo, citizens were required to bring their trash to designated collection centers and bins, which were not always placed in easily accessible locations. Therefore, residents preferred to continue to have their trash picked up from their doors by the Zabbaleen, who were able to come directly to their doors even if their homes were located in narrow alleys. Eventually, the foreign companies realized that they needed the Zabbaleen and thus, subcontracted them. This system failed, however, because the companies underpaid the Zabbaleen. According to Fahmi and Sutton, "while company sources mention salaries ranging between LE 300 to LE 450 per month (US $50–$75), some Zabbaleen claim that the salaries on offer are actually closer to LE 150 per month." One Zabbal with eight children gave a similar figure: whereas he used to make LE 10 a day (US $1.60), foreign contractors offered him LE 5 a day.

text: The subcontracting of MSW collection to foreign companies had an immediate negative impact upon the Zabbaleen community as documented in Mai Iskander's film,

text: Garbage Dreams

text: . Contracting out MSW to foreign companies meant that the Zabbaleen would lose access to garbage, which was the basis of their recycling and sorting activities. In the documentary

text: Garbage Dreams

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: LE 450

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: MSW

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What was the basis of their recycling and sorting activities?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is the name of the film

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: LE 300 to LE 450 per month

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: foreign companies are too large for the streets of Cairo,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Dreams.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Zabbaleen,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the Zabbaleen would lose access to garbage,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: foreign companies

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: too large for the streets of Cairo,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage Dreams.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: foreign companies are too large for the streets of Cairo,

text: Recent research has shown that fishing debris such as nets, buoys, and lines, accounts for a majority of plastic debris found in the oceans, such as in the Great Pacific garbage patch.  Similarly, fishing debris has been shown to be a major source of plastic debris found on the shores of Korea.

text: Recent research has shown that fishing debris such as nets, buoys, and lines, accounts for a majority of plastic debris found in the oceans, such as in the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: .  Similarly, fishing debris has been shown to be a major source of plastic debris found on the shores of Korea.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a majority

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Korea.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: fishing debris such as nets, buoys, and lines,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: fishing debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: fishing debris

text: The Kickers are part of a larger organization which celebrates the German heritage of the Denver area through sports – mainly soccer and dancing. In addition to the NPSL side, the Kickers organization has over 400 members and sponsors four Men's Adult Soccer teams, one Women's Adult Soccer team, Competitive Youth Soccer teams, and Recreation Youth Soccer teams, as well as Adult and Junior Schuhplattlers (Bavarian Dance Groups).  Current management of the Kickers says the club was founded in 1962 and today's team patches carry this date, but there are club banners and patches with the date 1956:  According to long-time member and former chairman John Ziel, the Denver Kickers as a soccer team began in 1956, and the Kickers organization was incorporated in 1962.

text: The Kickers are part of a larger organization which celebrates the

text: German

text: heritage of the Denver area through sports – mainly

text: soccer

text: and

text: dancing

text: . In addition to the NPSL side, the Kickers organization has over 400 members and sponsors four Men's Adult Soccer teams, one Women's Adult Soccer team, Competitive Youth Soccer teams, and Recreation Youth Soccer teams, as well as Adult and Junior

text: Schuhplattler

text: s (Bavarian Dance Groups).  Current management of the Kickers says the club was founded in 1962 and today's team patches carry this date, but there are club banners and patches with the date 1956:  According to long-time member and former chairman John Ziel, the Denver Kickers as a soccer team began in 1956, and the Kickers organization was incorporated in 1962.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Denver area

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 400

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: 1962.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 1956, and the Kickers organization was incorporated in 1962.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Schuhplattlers

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 1956:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1956, and the Kickers organization was incorporated in 1962.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1956:

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 1962.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 1956,

text: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95–96%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by approximately 70% by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In many countries, simpler waste compaction is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

text: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in

text: garbage truck

text: s) by 95–96%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while incineration does not completely replace

text: landfill

text: ing, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal.

text: Garbage truck

text: s often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by approximately 70% by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In many countries, simpler

text: waste compaction

text: is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Incinerators

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be reduced by approximately 70%

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80–85%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Incinerators

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: metals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85%

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85%

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85%

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Incinerators

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Incinerators

text: , a new generational collector called the Simple Generational GC (SGen-GC) became available as part of Mono. Starting with Mono 3.1.1 this is the default. For versions of Mono from 2.8 to 3.1.0, users can elect to use the SGen garbage collector by passing the --gc=sgen switch to the Mono runtime at startup. This new garbage collector has many advantages over a traditional conservative scanner. It uses generational garbage collection where new objects are allocated from a nursery, during the garbage collection cycle, all objects that survived are migrated to an older generation memory pool.  The idea being that many objects are transient and can quickly be collected and only a handful of objects are long-term objects that live for the entire life of the application. To improve performance this collector assigns memory pools to each thread to let threads allocate new memory blocks without having to coordinate with other threads. Migration of objects from the nursery to the old generation is done by copying the data from the nursery to the old generation pool and updating any live pointers that point to the data to point to the new location. This can be expensive for large objects, so Mono's SGen uses a separate pool of memory for large objects (Large Object Section) and uses a mark-and-sweep algorithm for those objects.

text: , a new generational collector called the Simple Generational GC (SGen-GC) became available as part of Mono. Starting with Mono 3.1.1 this is the default. For versions of Mono from 2.8 to 3.1.0, users can elect to use the SGen garbage collector by passing the --gc=sgen switch to the Mono runtime at startup. This new garbage collector has many advantages over a traditional conservative scanner. It uses

text: generational garbage collection

text: where new objects are allocated from a nursery, during the garbage collection cycle, all objects that survived are migrated to an older generation memory pool.  The idea being that many objects are transient and can quickly be collected and only a handful of objects are long-term objects that live for the entire life of the application. To improve performance this collector assigns memory pools to each thread to let threads allocate new memory blocks without having to coordinate with other threads. Migration of objects from the nursery to the old generation is done by copying the data from the nursery to the old generation pool and updating any live pointers that point to the data to point to the new location. This can be expensive for large objects, so Mono's SGen uses a separate pool of memory for large objects (Large Object Section) and uses a mark-and-sweep algorithm for those objects.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: long-term objects

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics, when ingested can clog digestion

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonreusable material

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: only a handful

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: transient

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: many objects are transient and can quickly be collected

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Simple Generational GC

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: scanner.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: all objects that survived are migrated to an older generation memory pool.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Mono 3.1.1

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: many objects are transient and can quickly be collected

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Simple Generational GC

text: A major source of food for many marine animals, lanternfish are an important link in the food chain of many local ecosystems, being heavily preyed upon by whales and dolphins, large pelagic fish such as salmon, tuna and sharks, grenadiers and other deep-sea fish (including other lanternfish), pinnipeds, sea birds, notably penguins, and large squid such as the jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas. Lanternfish themselves have been found to feed on bits of plastic debris accumulating in the oceans. At least one lantern fish was found with over 80 pieces of plastic chips in its gut, according to scientists monitoring ocean plastic in the Pacific Ocean's eastern garbage patch.

text: A major source of food for many marine animals, lanternfish are an important link in the

text: food chain

text: of many local

text: ecosystem

text: s, being heavily preyed upon by

text: whale

text: s and

text: dolphin

text: s, large

text: pelagic fish

text: such as salmon,

text: tuna

text: and

text: shark

text: s,

text: grenadier

text: s and other deep-sea fish (including other lanternfish),

text: pinniped

text: s,

text: sea bird

text: s, notably

text: penguin

text: s, and large

text: squid

text: such as the

text: jumbo squid

text: , Dosidicus gigas. Lanternfish themselves have been found to feed on bits of plastic debris accumulating in the oceans. At least one lantern fish was found with over 80 pieces of plastic chips in its gut, according to scientists monitoring ocean plastic in the Pacific Ocean's eastern

text: garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic debris accumulating in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic chips in its gut

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic debris accumulating in the oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic chips

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Lanternfish themselves have been found to feed on bits of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: eastern garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Lanternfish themselves have been found to feed on bits of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Pacific Ocean's eastern garbage patch.

text: Our overuse of plastics results in a dumping of plastics into our oceans at a rate of 8 million tons per year. The pilling up of plastics around the world continues to build up and now we're facing issues like the Great Pacific garbage patch. Scientists now have estimated that at the rate we continue to dump plastics into our oceans, by 2050 we will have more plastic than fish in our oceans.

text: Our overuse of plastics results in a dumping of plastics into our oceans at a rate of 8 million tons per year. The pilling up of plastics around the world continues to build up and now we're facing issues like the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: . Scientists now have estimated that at the rate we continue to dump plastics into our oceans, by 2050 we will have more plastic than fish in our oceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 8 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 8 million tons per year

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: overuse of plastics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 8 million tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: more plastic than fish

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: by 2050 we will have more plastic than fish

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 8 million tons per year.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: overuse of plastics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 8 million tons per year.

text: The SEAPLEX expedition, a group of researchers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, spent 19 days on the ocean in August, 2009 researching the patch. Their primary goal was to describe the abundance and distribution of plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on mesopelagic fish, such as lanternfish. This group utilized a dedicated oceanographic research vessel, the  long New Horizon.

text: The SEAPLEX expedition, a group of researchers from

text: Scripps Institution of Oceanography

text: , spent 19 days on the ocean in August, 2009 researching the patch. Their primary goal was to describe the abundance and distribution of plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on

text: mesopelagic fish

text: , such as

text: lanternfish

text: . This group utilized a dedicated oceanographic research vessel, the  long New Horizon.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: abundance and distribution of plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mesopelagic fish

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the abundance and distribution of plastic in the gyre

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: lanternfish.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic in the gyre

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: plastic in the gyre

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: plastic in the gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mesopelagic fish,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic in the gyre

text: Marine biology is a hybrid subject that combines aspects of organismal function, ecological interaction and the study of marine biodiversity. The earliest studies of marine biology trace back to the Phoenicians and the Greeks who are known as the initial explorers of the oceans and their composition. The first recorded observations on the distribution and habits of marine life were made by Aristotle (384-322 BC).

text: Marine biology

text: is a hybrid subject that combines aspects of organismal function, ecological interaction and the study of marine biodiversity. The earliest studies of marine biology trace back to the

text: Phoenicians

text: and the

text: Greeks

text: who are known as the initial explorers of the oceans and their composition. The first recorded observations on the distribution and habits of marine life were made by

text: Aristotle

text: (384-322 BC).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine biology

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biology

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine biodiversity.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Marine biology

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Marine biology

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Marine biology

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Marine biology

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Aristotle

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Aristotle (384-322 BC).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biodiversity.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Marine biology

text: "Subhuman" received a mostly positive response from music critics. Before the release of the single, Volume described the song as having a "dark sensibility and bouts of Trent Reznor-esque depression". Both Kerrang! and Melody Maker rated "Subhuman" as their "Single of the Week"; the former publication wrote, ""Subhuman" crunches along on a thrilling, all consuming electro-rhythm-from-hell. Totally distinctive and utterly brilliant" while the latter lengthily enthused, "There are reminders of Curve, in the scowling, abrasive guitars, trussed down with a rubbery, mordantly funky rhythm programme. This is severely internal music, right inside your head, pulsing like a migraine, with Manson crowing like a dominatrix as she presides over some impending psychological breakdown". Hot Press described "Subhuman" as "hypnotic drum loops combined with a guitar overload... an industrial noise-feat", adding that it was "a great single". Vox were equally positive, writing "trashing a bloated, ego-fuelled but nameless icon, "Subhuman" is one of [Garbage's] darkest songs to date." NME were severely critical of "Subhuman", stating that the single was a disappointing follow up to "Vow": "Garbage go and ruin it all by being hopelessly techno-gothic. The end result is a song plagued by its own earnestness... it more or less self-destructs."

text: "Subhuman" received a mostly positive response from music critics. Before the release of the single, Volume described the song as having a "dark sensibility and bouts of

text: Trent Reznor

text: -esque depression". Both

text: Kerrang!

text: and

text: Melody Maker

text: rated "Subhuman" as their "Single of the Week"; the former publication wrote, ""Subhuman" crunches along on a thrilling, all consuming electro-rhythm-from-hell. Totally distinctive and utterly brilliant" while the latter lengthily enthused, "There are reminders of

text: Curve

text: , in the scowling, abrasive guitars, trussed down with a rubbery, mordantly funky rhythm programme. This is severely internal music, right inside your head, pulsing like a migraine, with Manson crowing like a

text: dominatrix

text: as she presides over some impending psychological breakdown".

text: Hot Press

text: described "Subhuman" as "hypnotic drum loops combined with a guitar overload... an industrial noise-feat", adding that it was "a great single".

text: Vox

text: were equally positive, writing "trashing a bloated, ego-fuelled but nameless icon, "Subhuman" is one of [Garbage's] darkest songs to date."

text: NME

text: were severely critical of "Subhuman", stating that the single was a disappointing follow up to "Vow": "Garbage go and ruin it all by being hopelessly techno-gothic. The end result is a song plagued by its own earnestness... it more or less self-destructs."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Subhuman" received a mostly positive response from music critics.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it more or less self-destructs

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: electro-rhythm-from-hell.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: earnestness...

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Subhuman"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: guitar overload... an industrial noise-feat",

text: "Trash" begins immediately with its chorus, in which lead vocalist David Johansen sings dramatically and implores the song's subject—"my sweet baby"—to not throw her "life away." Journalist and author Phil Strongman interpreted the singer's appeal to his subject as being in the context of a socially deviant New York City: "in under four minutes, it tells a bittersweet'n'sour low-life love story – how does the girl call her lover-boy? 'Trash!' – in majestic trash-Glam style. These people might be hookers, rent boys, junkies, sneak thieves – or so the lyrics imply – but they're still human beings and their subject matter is still tragedy." Johansen quotes the lyric "how do you call your lover boy" from Mickey & Sylvia's 1956 song "Love Is Strange".

text: "Trash" begins immediately with its

text: chorus

text: , in which lead vocalist

text: David Johansen

text: sings dramatically and implores the song's subject—"my sweet baby"—to not throw her "life away." Journalist and author Phil Strongman interpreted the singer's appeal to his subject as being in the context of a socially deviant New York City: "in under four minutes, it tells a bittersweet'n'sour

text: low-life

text: love story – how does the girl call her lover-boy? 'Trash!' – in majestic trash-

text: Glam

text: style. These people might be hookers,

text: rent boy

text: s, junkies,

text: sneak thieves

text: – or so the lyrics imply – but they're still human beings and their subject matter is still tragedy." Johansen quotes the lyric "how do you call your lover boy" from

text: Mickey & Sylvia

text: 's 1956 song "

text: Love Is Strange

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: New York City

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: junk

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash-Glam

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: junkies,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: junkies,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "life away."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash-Glam style.

text: Traceable influences include the Homeric epics (long familiar in the Arabic-speaking world, having been translated into that language as long ago as the 8th century A.D., at the court of the Caliph al-Mahdi), Pseudo-Callisthenes's "Life of Alexander" from the late-3rd/early 4th century A.D. via the 9th century "Book of Animals" of al-Jahiz, and, even earlier, in the ancient Egyptian "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor". More "recent" sources include Abbasid works such the  "Wonders of the Created World", reflecting the experiences of 13th century Arab mariners who braved the Indian Ocean.

text: Traceable influences include the

text: Homer

text: ic epics (long familiar in the Arabic-speaking world, having been translated into that language as long ago as the 8th century A.D., at the court of the Caliph al-Mahdi),

text: Pseudo-Callisthenes

text: 's

text: "Life of Alexander"

text: from the late-3rd/early 4th century A.D. via the 9th century "Book of Animals" of al-Jahiz, and, even earlier, in the ancient Egyptian "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor". More "recent" sources include

text: Abbasid

text: works such the  "Wonders of the Created World", reflecting the experiences of 13th century Arab mariners who braved the

text: Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: late-3rd/early 4th century A.D.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Shipwrecked Sailor".

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Book of Animals"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 9th century "Book of Animals"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: late-3rd/early 4th century A.D.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 9th century "Book of Animals"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Indian Ocean.

text: Plasco was preparing to start construction on a commercial-scale facility in Red Deer, Alberta in the Summer of 2009. This facility, which was to be the company's first commercial plant, was expected to be completed by the end of 2010, however in February 2012 it was announced that because the city would only give the plant 10% of its garbage Plasco pulled out of the project, effectively killing it.  Red Deer MP and supporter of the Plasco project, Bob Mills (Conservative Party of Canada), criticized the city saying "and so, the project died due to a lack of garbage."

text: Plasco was preparing to start construction on a commercial-scale facility in

text: Red Deer, Alberta

text: in the Summer of 2009. This facility, which was to be the company's first commercial plant, was expected to be completed by the end of 2010, however in February 2012 it was announced that because the city would only give the plant 10% of its garbage Plasco pulled out of the project, effectively killing it.  Red Deer MP and supporter of the Plasco project,

text: Bob Mills

text: Conservative Party of Canada

text: ), criticized the city saying "and so, the project died due to a lack of garbage."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Alberta

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Plasco

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the project died due to a lack of garbage."

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2009.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the project died due to a lack of garbage."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 2009.

text: Biology-based methods not only aim to describe observed effects, but also to understand them in terms of underlying processes such as toxico-kinetics, mortality, feeding, growth and reproduction (Kooijman 1997). This type of approach starts with the description of the uptake and elimination of a compound by an organism is, as an effect can only be expected if the compound is inside the organism, and where the No Effect Concentration is one of the modeling parameters. As the approach is biologically based it is also possible by using Dynamic Energy Budget theory  to incorporate multiple stressors (e.g. effects of food restriction, temperature ), and quite a few processes that are active under field conditions (e.g. adaptation, population dynamics, species interactions, life cycle phenomena ). The effects of these multiple stressors are excluded in the standard test procedures by keeping the local environment in the test constant. It is also possible to use these parameter values to predict effects at longer exposure times, or effects when the concentration in the medium is not constant. If the observed effects include those on survival and reproduction of individuals, these parameters can also be used to predict effects on growing populations in the field.

text: Biology-based methods not only aim to describe observed effects, but also to understand them in terms of underlying processes such as toxico-kinetics, mortality, feeding, growth and reproduction (Kooijman 1997). This type of approach starts with the description of the uptake and elimination of a compound by an organism is, as an effect can only be expected if the compound is inside the organism, and where the No Effect Concentration is one of the modeling parameters. As the approach is biologically based it is also possible by using

text: Dynamic Energy Budget

text: theory  to incorporate multiple

text: stressor

text: s (e.g. effects of food restriction, temperature ), and quite a few processes that are active under field conditions (e.g.

text: adaptation

text: , population dynamics, species interactions,

text: life cycle

text: phenomena ). The effects of these multiple stressors are excluded in the standard test procedures by keeping the local environment in the test constant. It is also possible to use these parameter values to predict effects at longer exposure times, or effects when the concentration in the medium is not constant. If the observed effects include those on survival and reproduction of individuals, these parameters can also be used to predict effects on growing populations in the field.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Kooijman 1997

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxico-kinetics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: the No Effect Concentration

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxico-kinetics,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: uptake and elimination of a compound

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: toxico-kinetics,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: food restriction,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Biology-based methods

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: (Kooijman 1997).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxico-kinetics, mortality, feeding, growth and reproduction

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Biology-based methods

text: In a 2007 article, Michael Munger, chairman of political science at Duke University, wrote that "if recycling is more expensive than using new materials, it can't possibly be efficient.... There is a simple test for determining whether something is a resource... or just garbage... If someone will pay you for the item, it's a resource.... But if you have to pay someone to take the item away,... then the item is garbage."

text: In a 2007 article, Michael Munger, chairman of political science at

text: Duke University

text: , wrote that "if recycling is more expensive than using new materials, it can't possibly be efficient.... There is a simple test for determining whether something is a resource... or just garbage... If someone will pay you for the item, it's a resource.... But if you have to pay someone to take the item away,... then the item is garbage."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: resource

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: resource....

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage."

text: Mr. Trash Wheel is the world's first permanent water wheel trash interceptor to clean up the city's polluted Inner Harbor. The Jones Falls river watershed drains fifty-eight square miles of land outside of Baltimore and is a significant source of trash that enters the harbor. Garbage collected by Mr. Trash Wheel could come from anywhere in the Jones Falls Watershed area. The wheel moves continuously, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using only hydro and solar renewable power to keep its wheel turning. It has the capability to collect 50,000 pounds of trash per day, and has removed more than 350 tons of litter from Baltimore's landmark and tourist attraction in its first 18 months, estimated as consisting of approximately 200,000 bottles, 173,000 potato chip bags and 6.7 million cigarettes butts. The Water Wheel has been very successful at trash removal, visibly decreasing the amount of garbage that collects in the harbor, especially after a rainfall.

text: Mr. Trash Wheel is the world's first permanent water wheel trash interceptor to clean up the city's polluted Inner Harbor. The Jones Falls river watershed drains fifty-eight square miles of land outside of Baltimore and is a significant source of trash that enters the harbor. Garbage collected by Mr. Trash Wheel could come from anywhere in the Jones Falls Watershed area. The wheel moves continuously, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using only hydro and solar renewable power to keep its wheel turning. It has the capability to collect 50,000 pounds of trash per day, and has removed more than 350 tons of litter from Baltimore's landmark and tourist attraction in its first 18 months, estimated as consisting of approximately 200,000 bottles, 173,000 potato chip bags and 6.7 million cigarettes butts. The Water Wheel has been very successful at trash removal, visibly decreasing the amount of garbage that collects in the harbor, especially after a rainfall.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 508 square miles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: cigarette butts

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fifty-eight square miles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cigarettes butts.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 200,000 bottles,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cigarettes

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 6.7 million cigarettes butts.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 6.7 million cigarettes butts.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 200,000 bottles,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 200,000 bottles,

text: On February 5, a small patch of thunderstorms that formed off the southern cost of Java grouped together to form a low pressure area which quickly started to drift westwards. On the same day, TCWC Perth upgraded the area of low pressure into a tropical low. As the storm continued to move westward, it gradually organized. On February 14, the storm moved out of the BoM's basin and into the South-West Indian Ocean. On the same day, RSMC La Reunion reported that the low had become a tropical depression, which was then located east-southeast of Diego Garcia. Later on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm into a tropical storm and designated it as 13S. However, on February 15, the depression gradually weakened due to increased wind shear. But on February 17, the storm began to reorganize. On the next day, the storm quickly organized itself, as it turned towards the southwest. On February 20, the storm strengthened into a Moderate Tropical Storm and was given the name Hilwa. Later on that same day, Hilwa turned southwards as wind shear caused the system to weaken again. Late on February 22, Hilwa's northwestern structure was completely sheared as the storm rapidly degenerated into an extratropical cyclone. At 0000 UTC on February 23, Hilwa completed its transition into an extratropical cyclone and the final advisory for the storm was issued several hours later.

text: On February 5, a small patch of thunderstorms that formed off the southern cost of

text: Java

text: grouped together to form a low pressure area which quickly started to drift westwards. On the same day, TCWC Perth upgraded the area of low pressure into a tropical low. As the storm continued to move westward, it gradually organized. On February 14, the storm moved out of the BoM's basin and into the South-West Indian Ocean. On the same day, RSMC La Reunion reported that the low had become a tropical depression, which was then located east-southeast of Diego Garcia. Later on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm into a tropical storm and designated it as 13S. However, on February 15, the depression gradually weakened due to increased wind shear. But on February 17, the storm began to reorganize. On the next day, the storm quickly organized itself, as it turned towards the southwest. On February 20, the storm strengthened into a Moderate Tropical Storm and was given the name Hilwa. Later on that same day, Hilwa turned southwards as wind shear caused the system to weaken again. Late on February 22, Hilwa's northwestern structure was completely sheared as the storm rapidly degenerated into an extratropical cyclone. At 0000 UTC on February 23, Hilwa completed its transition into an

text: extratropical cyclone

text: and the final advisory for the storm was issued several hours later.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: On February 14, the storm moved out of the BoM's basin and into the South-West Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: tropical low.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: South-West Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: On February 5,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Hilwa.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: South-West Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: South-West Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: South-West Indian Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: South-West Indian Ocean.

text: Implicit unloading of classes, i.e. in an uncontrolled way by the garbage collector, has changed a few times in Java. Until Java 1.2. the garbage collector could unload a class whenever it felt it needed the space, independent of which class loader was used to load the class. Starting with Java 1.2 classes loaded via the system classloader were never unloaded and classes loaded via other classloaders only when this other classloader was unloaded. Starting with Java 6 classes can contain an internal marker indicating to the garbage collector they can be unloaded if the garbage collector desires to do so, independent of the classloader used to load the class. The garbage collector is free to ignore this hint.

text: Implicit unloading of classes, i.e. in an uncontrolled way by the garbage collector, has changed a few times in Java. Until Java 1.2. the garbage collector could unload a class whenever it felt it needed the space, independent of which class loader was used to load the class. Starting with Java 1.2 classes loaded via the system classloader were never unloaded and classes loaded via other classloaders only when this other classloader was unloaded. Starting with Java 6 classes can contain an internal marker indicating to the garbage collector they can be unloaded if the garbage collector desires to do so, independent of the classloader used to load the class. The garbage collector is free to ignore this hint.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1.2

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: uncontrolled

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: implicit unloading of classes

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1.2

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: classes,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collector,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Implicit unloading of classes,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Implicit unloading of classes,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Implicit unloading of classes,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 6

text: In 1979 Bullard's wife, attorney Linda McKeever Bullard, represented Margaret Bean and other Houston residents in their struggle against a plan that would locate a municipal landfill next to their homes. The lawsuit, Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, Inc., was the first of its kind in the United States that charged environmental discrimination in waste facility siting under the civil rights laws. Houston's middle-class, suburban Northwood Manor neighborhood was an unlikely location for a garbage dump except that it was over 82 percent black. Bullard, having received his doctoral degree only a couple of years before, was drawn into the case as an expert witness. In this role Bullard conducted a study which documented the location of municipal waste disposal facilities in Houston. Entitled 'Solid Waste Sites and the Black Houston Community', the study was the first comprehensive account of ecoracism in the United States. Bullard and his researchers found that African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites. All five city-owned garbage dumps, six of the eight city-owned garbage incinerators, and three of the four privately owned landfills were sited in black neighbourhoods, although blacks made up only 25 percent of the city's population. This discovery prompted Bullard to begin a long academic and activist campaign against environmental racism. "Without a doubt", Bullard has said of his experience, "it was a form of apartheid where whites were making decisions and black people and brown people and people of color, including Native Americans on reservations, had no seat at the table."

text: In 1979 Bullard's wife, attorney Linda McKeever Bullard, represented Margaret Bean and other Houston residents in their struggle against a plan that would locate a municipal landfill next to their homes. The lawsuit, Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, Inc., was the first of its kind in the United States that charged environmental discrimination in waste facility siting under the

text: civil rights

text: laws. Houston's

text: middle-class

text: , suburban Northwood Manor neighborhood was an unlikely location for a

text: garbage dump

text: except that it was over 82 percent black. Bullard, having received his doctoral degree only a couple of years before, was drawn into the case as an

text: expert witness

text: . In this role Bullard conducted a study which documented the location of municipal waste disposal facilities in Houston. Entitled 'Solid Waste Sites and the Black Houston Community', the study was the first comprehensive account of ecoracism in the United States. Bullard and his researchers found that African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for

text: toxic waste

text: sites. All five city-owned garbage dumps, six of the eight city-owned garbage incinerators, and three of the four privately owned landfills were sited in black neighbourhoods, although blacks made up only 25 percent of the city's population. This discovery prompted Bullard to begin a long academic and activist campaign against environmental racism. "Without a doubt", Bullard has said of his experience, "it was a form of apartheid where whites were making decisions and

text: black people

text: and brown people and

text: people of color

text: , including Native Americans on reservations, had no seat at the table."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: African American

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: This discovery prompted Bullard to begin a long academic and activist campaign against environmental racism

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: environmental racism

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 25 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: black.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage incinerators,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: first of its kind in the United States

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Native Americans on reservations, had no seat at the table."

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: environmental racism.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites.

text: Charles J. Moore, returning home through the North Pacific Gyre after competing in the Transpac sailing race in 1999, claimed to have come upon an enormous stretch of floating debris. Moore alerted the oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who subsequently dubbed the region the "Eastern Garbage Patch" (EGP). The area is frequently featured in media reports as an exceptional example of marine pollution.

text: Charles J. Moore

text: , returning home through the North Pacific Gyre after competing in the

text: Transpac

text: sailing race in 1999, claimed to have come upon an enormous stretch of floating debris. Moore alerted the

text: oceanographer

text: Curtis Ebbesmeyer

text: , who subsequently dubbed the region the "Eastern Garbage Patch" (EGP). The area is frequently featured in media reports as an exceptional example of

text: marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Eastern Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine pollution.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Eastern Garbage Patch"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating debris.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Eastern Garbage Patch"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Eastern Garbage Patch"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine pollution.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: floating debris.

text: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

text: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off

text: Madagascar

text: and in the Pacific Ocean off

text: Australia

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Pacific Ocean off Australia.

text: The player can uncover items by destroying objects in the scenery such as trash cans, garbage piles, sandbags and crates.  There are also blue-colored doors that will the player a random item through a roulette drawing system.  Items include health refills, special firearms, sub-weapons and bonus points.  Like in the original game, the player's default weapon is a semi-automatic handgun with unlimited ammunition.  However, the player has the option to upgrade to a stronger firearm as well, a missile launcher or an automatic weapon.  If the ammo for either weapon runs out, the player will revert to the default handgun.  However, if the player picks up a weapon of the same type he/she is currently wielding, then the ammunition of the new weapon is instead added to the current amount.

text: The player can uncover items by destroying objects in the scenery such as

text: trash can

text: s, garbage piles,

text: sandbag

text: s and crates.  There are also blue-colored doors that will the player a random item through a

text: roulette

text: drawing system.  Items include health refills, special firearms, sub-weapons and bonus points.  Like in the original game, the player's default weapon is a

text: semi-automatic handgun

text: with unlimited ammunition.  However, the player has the option to upgrade to a stronger firearm as well, a missile launcher or an

text: automatic weapon

text: .  If the ammo for either weapon runs out, the player will revert to the default handgun.  However, if the player picks up a weapon of the same type he/she is currently wielding, then the ammunition of the new weapon is instead added to the current amount.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash cans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash cans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: sandbags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage piles,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage piles, sandbags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash cans, garbage piles, sandbags

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash cans, garbage piles, sandbags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: missile launcher

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash cans,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash cans, garbage piles, sandbags

text: In the wake of the success of the Cabbage Patch Kids series of dolls, Spiegelman created the card series Garbage Pail Kids for Topps in 1985.  Similar to the Wacky Packages series, the gross-out factor of the cards was controversial with parent groups, and its popularity started a gross-out fad among children.  Spiegelman called Topps his "Medici" for the autonomy and financial freedom working for the company had given him.  The relationship was nevertheless strained over issues of credit and ownership of the original artwork.  In 1989 Topps auctioned off pieces of art Spiegelman had created rather than returning them to him, and Spiegelman broke the relation.

text: In the wake of the success of the

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: series of dolls, Spiegelman created the card series

text: Garbage Pail Kids

text: for Topps in 1985.  Similar to the Wacky Packages series, the

text: gross-out

text: factor of the cards was controversial with parent groups, and its popularity started a gross-out fad among children.  Spiegelman called Topps his "

text: Medici

text: " for the autonomy and financial freedom working for the company had given him.  The relationship was nevertheless strained over issues of credit and ownership of the original artwork.  In 1989 Topps auctioned off pieces of art Spiegelman had created rather than returning them to him, and Spiegelman broke the relation.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pail

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1985.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1985.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: Plastic waste has reached all the world's oceans. This plastic pollution harms an estimated 100,000 sea turtles and marine mammals and 1,000,000 sea creatures each year. Larger plastics (called "macroplastics") such as plastic shopping bags can clog the digestive tracts of these larger animals when consumed by them and can cause starvation through restricting the movement of food, or by filling the stomach and tricking the animal into thinking it is full. Microplastics on the other hand harm smaller marine life. Pelagic plastic pieces in the center of our ocean’s gyres for example outnumber live marine plankton, and are passed up the food chain to reach all marine life. A 1994 study of the seabed using trawl nets in the North-Western Mediterranean around the coasts of Spain, France and Italy reported mean concentrations of debris of 1,935 items per square kilometre. Plastic debris accounted for 77%, of which 93% was plastic bags.

text: Plastic waste has reached all the world's oceans. This

text: plastic pollution

text: harms an estimated 100,000 sea turtles and marine mammals and 1,000,000 sea creatures each year. Larger plastics (called "macroplastics") such as

text: plastic shopping bag

text: s can clog the digestive tracts of these larger animals when consumed by them and can cause starvation through restricting the movement of food, or by filling the stomach and tricking the animal into thinking it is full.

text: Microplastics

text: on the other hand harm smaller marine life. Pelagic plastic pieces in the center of our ocean’s gyres for example outnumber live marine plankton, and are passed up the food chain to reach all marine life. A 1994 study of the

text: seabed

text: using

text: trawl net

text: s in the North-Western

text: Mediterranean

text: around the coasts of Spain, France and Italy reported mean concentrations of debris of 1,935 items per square kilometre. Plastic debris accounted for 77%, of which 93% was plastic bags.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 77%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic waste has reached all the world's oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic shopping bags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: microplastics harm smaller marine life

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 77%,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bags.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic waste has reached all the world's oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic shopping bags

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Larger plastics (called "macroplastics")

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Pelagic plastic pieces

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1,935 items per square kilometre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: clog the digestive tracts

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Pelagic plastic pieces

text: Later, Claude observes the two lovers and gets an idea to entrap the boy mouse. Claude writes a fake letter to the boy mouse that reads "Dear Mister Mouse, I am in my teens - sixteen months - and deemed not unattractive by my friends. Can you meet me at eight tonight under the garbage disposal? yours (?) Alice (the girl across the way)" and sprays some "Desire No.5" perfume on it for good measure. Claude sends the fake letter to the boy mouse who, upon reading it, falls over in lust. By 7:55pm, the boy mouse drives to the trash can in the kitchen where he meets what he thinks is the girl mouse but is really a puppet being used by Claude to ensnare him. Upon seeing Claude, the boy mouse escapes with the puppet and knocks Claude out with a garbage can lid.

text: Later, Claude observes the two lovers and gets an idea to entrap the boy mouse. Claude writes a fake letter to the boy mouse that reads "Dear Mister Mouse, I am in my teens - sixteen months - and deemed not unattractive by my friends. Can you meet me at eight tonight under the garbage disposal? yours (?) Alice (the girl across the way)" and sprays some "

text: Desire No.5

text: " perfume on it for good measure. Claude sends the fake letter to the boy mouse who, upon reading it, falls over in lust. By 7:55pm, the boy mouse drives to the trash can in the kitchen where he meets what he thinks is the girl mouse but is really a puppet being used by Claude to ensnare him. Upon seeing Claude, the boy mouse escapes with the puppet and knocks Claude out with a garbage can lid.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can you meet me under the garbage disposal

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Desire No.5

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What does Claude spray on the fake letter?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: sixteen months

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: puppet

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage disposal?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Desire No.5" perfume

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage disposal?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage disposal?

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: eight tonight under the garbage disposal?

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage disposal?

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage disposal?

text: The 2012 Algalita/5 Gyres Asia Pacific Expedition began in the Marshall Islands on 1 May,  investigated the little-studied Western Pacific garbage patch, collecting samples for the 5 Gyres Institute, Algalita Marine Research Foundation and several other colleagues, including NOAA, SCRIPPS, IPRC and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. From 4 October – 9 November 2012, the Sea Education Association (SEA) conducted a research expedition to study plastic pollution in the North Pacific gyre. A similar research expedition was conducted by SEA in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2010.  During the Plastics at SEA 2012 North Pacific Expedition, a total of 118 net tows were conducted and nearly 70,000 pieces of plastic were counted to estimate the density of plastics, map the distribution of plastics in the gyre, and examine the effects of plastic debris on marine life.

text: The 2012 Algalita/

text: 5 Gyres

text: Asia Pacific Expedition began in the

text: Marshall Islands

text: on 1 May,  investigated the little-studied Western Pacific garbage patch, collecting samples for the 5 Gyres Institute, Algalita Marine Research Foundation and several other colleagues, including NOAA, SCRIPPS, IPRC and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. From 4 October – 9 November 2012, the Sea Education Association (SEA) conducted a research expedition to study plastic pollution in the North Pacific gyre. A similar research expedition was conducted by SEA in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2010.  During the Plastics at SEA 2012 North Pacific Expedition, a total of 118 net tows were conducted and nearly 70,000 pieces of plastic were counted to estimate the density of plastics, map the distribution of plastics in the gyre, and examine the effects of plastic debris on marine life.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70,000 pieces

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic pollution in the North Pacific gyre

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris on marine life

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: North Pacific gyre.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic pollution in the North Pacific gyre.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific gyre.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific gyre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: effects of plastic debris on marine life.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific gyre.

text: Volunteers and sponsors collect and catalogue debris which is then collected for analysis on sources of garbage that enter the ocean. For example, in 2007, 1,240 beach sites with a collective length of 1,772 km were cleaned by 52,263 volunteers bringing in almost 87.5 metric tons of garbage.

text: Volunteers and sponsors collect and catalogue debris which is then collected for analysis on sources of garbage that enter the ocean. For example, in 2007, 1,240 beach sites with a collective length of 1,772 km were cleaned by 52,263 volunteers bringing in almost 87.5 metric tons of garbage.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 87.5 metric tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beach sites

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 87.5 metric tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beach sites

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage that enter the ocean. For example, in 2007,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage that enter the ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 87.5 metric tons of garbage.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 87.5 metric tons

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage that enter the ocean.

text: The effects of ocean acidification can already be seen and have been happening since the start of the industrial revolution, with pH levels of the ocean dropping by 0.1 since the pre-industrial revolution times. An effect called coral bleaching can be seen on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, where ocean acidification’s effects are already taking place. Coral bleaching is when unicellular organisms that help make up the coral begin to die off and leave the coral giving it a white appearance. These unicellular organisms are important for the coral to feed and get the proper nutrition that is necessary to survive, leaving the coral weak and malnourished. This results in weaker coral that can die more easily and offer less protection to the organisms that depend on coral for shelter and protection. Increased acidity can also dissolve an organism’s shell, threatening entire groups of shellfish and zooplankton and in turn, presenting a threat to the food chain and ecosystem.

text: The effects of ocean acidification can already be seen and have been happening since the start of the industrial revolution, with pH levels of the ocean dropping by 0.1 since the pre-industrial revolution times. An effect called

text: coral bleaching

text: can be seen on the

text: Great Barrier Reef

text: in Australia, where ocean acidification’s effects are already taking place. Coral bleaching is when unicellular organisms that help make up the coral begin to die off and leave the coral giving it a white appearance. These unicellular organisms are important for the coral to feed and get the proper nutrition that is necessary to survive, leaving the coral weak and malnourished. This results in weaker coral that can die more easily and offer less protection to the organisms that depend on coral for shelter and protection. Increased acidity can also dissolve an organism’s shell, threatening entire groups of shellfish and zooplankton and in turn, presenting a threat to the food chain and ecosystem.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.1

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can also dissolve an organism’s shell

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: acidity can also dissolve an organism’s shell

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0.1

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial revolution,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: acidification

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: coral bleaching

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The effects of ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 0.1

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The effects of ocean acidification

text: By the time the Keele Valley site closed at the end of 2002, the city had made a new deal, to ship its garbage by truck to Carleton Farms Landfill in Michigan. Concerns with the border, and opposition from residents in Michigan prompted the need to look for alternate sites or expand the city's recycling programs. The Michigan contract survived a vote in February 2006 by the Michigan House of Representatives to ban out-of-state garbage from being shipped to the state from Ontario and other U.S. states, as it also required approval by the US federal government before it could be enforced by Michigan. In May 2006, the Michigan Carleton Farms garbage dump under contract with the city of Toronto announced it would not be accepting waste sludge as of August 1, 2006, but would continue to receive household waste.

text: By the time the Keele Valley site closed at the end of 2002, the city had made a new deal, to ship its garbage by truck to

text: Carleton Farms Landfill

text: in

text: Michigan

text: . Concerns with the border, and opposition from residents in Michigan prompted the need to look for alternate sites or expand the city's

text: recycling

text: programs. The Michigan contract survived a vote in February 2006 by the

text: Michigan House of Representatives

text: to ban out-of-state garbage from being shipped to the state from Ontario and other U.S. states, as it also required approval by the US federal government before it could be enforced by Michigan. In May 2006, the Michigan Carleton Farms garbage dump under contract with the city of Toronto announced it would not be accepting waste sludge as of August 1, 2006, but would continue to receive household waste.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Michigan

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: household waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Concerns with the border

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waste sludge

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: waste sludge

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ban out-of-state garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Michigan.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: By the time the Keele Valley site closed at the end of 2002,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Michigan.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ban out-of-state garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: By the time the Keele Valley site closed at the end of 2002,

text: CO is absorbed from the atmosphere at the ocean's surface and converted into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). It is then converted in gross primary production (GPP) by phytoplankton into organic carbon. About half of the GPP is autotrophically respirated and converted back into DIC. The rest stays in the form of net primary production (NPP). Some of the organic carbon sinks into the lower ocean levels as detritus or calcium carbonate in shells. Some soft tissue is converted into particulate organic carbon or dissolved organic carbon and, from these forms, into dissolved inorganic carbon. The rest sinks to the ocean floor. Shells out of calcium carbonate are also deposited on the ocean floor as sediment, whereas the carbon can dissolve and reach the lower ocean levels again. Thermohaline circulation can bring carbon in the deep ocean levels to the upper levels, where it can again be exchanged with the atmosphere. Units are in gigatons.

text: CO is absorbed from the atmosphere at the ocean's surface and converted into

text: dissolved inorganic carbon

text: (DIC). It is then converted in

text: gross primary production

text: (GPP) by

text: phytoplankton

text: into organic carbon. About half of the GPP is autotrophically respirated and converted back into DIC. The rest stays in the form of

text: net primary production

text: (NPP). Some of the organic carbon sinks into the lower ocean levels as detritus or calcium carbonate in shells. Some soft tissue is converted into particulate organic carbon or dissolved organic carbon and, from these forms, into dissolved inorganic carbon. The rest sinks to the ocean floor. Shells out of calcium carbonate are also deposited on the ocean floor as sediment, whereas the carbon can dissolve and reach the lower ocean levels again. Thermohaline circulation can bring carbon in the deep ocean levels to the upper levels, where it can again be exchanged with the atmosphere. Units are in gigatons.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: half

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: detritus or calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: sinks to the ocean floor

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: half

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: detritus or calcium carbonate in shells.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: detritus or calcium carbonate in shells.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: dissolved inorganic carbon

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: gigatons.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dissolved inorganic carbon

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: dissolved inorganic carbon

text: The effect of fragmentation on the flora and fauna of a forest patch depends on a) the size of the patch, and b) its degree of isolation.  Isolation depends on the distance to the nearest similar patch, and the contrast with the surrounding areas.  For example, if a cleared area is reforested or allowed to regenerate, the increasing structural diversity of the vegetation will lessen the isolation of the forest fragments.  However, when formerly forested lands are converted permanently to pastures, agricultural fields, or human-inhabited developed areas, the remaining forest fragments, and the biota within them, are often highly isolated.

text: The effect of fragmentation on the

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: of a forest patch depends on a) the size of the patch, and b) its degree of isolation.  Isolation depends on the distance to the nearest similar patch, and the contrast with the surrounding areas.  For example, if a cleared area is

text: reforested

text: or allowed to

text: regenerate

text: , the increasing

text: structural diversity

text: of the

text: vegetation

text: will lessen the isolation of the forest fragments.  However, when formerly forested lands are converted permanently to pastures, agricultural fields, or human-inhabited developed areas, the remaining forest fragments, and the biota within them, are often highly isolated.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: agricultural fields

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: agricultural

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are often highly isolated

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: human-inhabited developed areas,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: human-inhabited developed areas,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: lessen the isolation of the forest fragments.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The effect of fragmentation

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: human-inhabited developed areas,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: if a cleared area is reforested or allowed to regenerate,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: lessen the isolation of the forest fragments.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: fragmentation

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: distance to the nearest similar patch, and the contrast with the surrounding areas.

text: Many common baby products, such as teethers, bath books, and sleep accessories, contain toxic chemicals, according to a report released by the US Public Interest Research Group (PIRG). The toxic chemicals include phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, both of which have been linked to multiple health problems including the following:

text: Many common baby products, such as teethers, bath books, and sleep accessories, contain toxic chemicals, according to a report released by the US

text: Public Interest Research Group

text: (PIRG). The toxic chemicals include

text: phthalate

text: s and

text: polybrominated diphenyl ethers

text: , both of which have been linked to multiple health problems including the following:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: US Public Interest Research Group

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: phthalates

text: In 1987, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development decided to investigate existing chemicals. In 1991, they agreed to begin by focusing on High production volume (HPV) chemicals, where production volume was used as a surrogate for data on occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure. Each country agreed to "sponsor" the assessment of a proportion of the HPV chemicals. Countries also agreed on a minimum set of required information, the screening information dataset (SIDS). Six tests are: acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, developmental toxicity/reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity, ecotoxicity and environmental fate.  Using SIDS and detailed exposure data OECD's High Production Volume Chemicals Programme conducted initial risk assessments to screen and to identify any need for further work.

text: In 1987, member countries of the

entity_name: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

text: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

text: decided to investigate existing chemicals. In 1991, they agreed to begin by focusing on High production volume (HPV) chemicals, where production volume was used as a

text: surrogate

text: for data on occupational, consumer, and

text: environmental exposure

text: . Each country agreed to "sponsor" the assessment of a proportion of the HPV chemicals. Countries also agreed on a minimum set of required information, the

text: screening information dataset

text: (SIDS). Six tests are:

text: acute toxicity

text: chronic toxicity

text: developmental toxicity

text: reproductive toxicity

text: mutagenicity

text: ecotoxicity

text: and environmental fate.  Using SIDS and detailed exposure data OECD's

text: High Production Volume Chemicals Programme

text: conducted initial

text: risk assessment

text: s to screen and to identify any need for further work.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: HPV chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: OECD's High Production Volume Chemicals Programme conducted initial risk assessments

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: HPV chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: High Production Volume Chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutagenicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: High production volume

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mutagenicity,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: High production volume (HPV) chemicals,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1987,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1987,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutagenicity, ecotoxicity

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: chemicals.

text: Spatial analysis of ecological systems often reveals that assumptions that are valid for spatially homogenous populations – and indeed, intuitive – may no longer be valid when migratory subpopulations moving from one patch to another are considered. In a simple one-species formulation, a subpopulation may occupy a patch, move from one patch to another empty patch, or die out leaving an empty patch behind. In such a case, the proportion of occupied patches may be represented as

text: Spatial analysis of ecological systems often reveals that assumptions that are valid for spatially homogenous populations – and indeed, intuitive – may no longer be valid when migratory subpopulations moving from one patch to another are considered. In a simple one-species formulation, a subpopulation may occupy a patch, move from one patch to another empty patch, or die out leaving an empty patch behind. In such a case, the proportion of occupied patches may be represented as

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: one-species

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: empty patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the proportion of occupied patches

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: the proportion of occupied patches

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the proportion of occupied patches

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the proportion of occupied patches

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: proportion of occupied patches

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: migratory subpopulations

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: the proportion of occupied patches

text: Most minerals are inorganic in nature. Mineral nutrients refers to the smaller class of minerals that are metabolized for growth, development, and vitality of living organisms. Mineral nutrients are recycled by bacteria that are freely suspended in the vast water columns of the worlds oceans. They absorb dissolved organic matter containing mineral nutrients as they scavenge through the dying individuals that fall out of large phytoplankton blooms. Flagellates are effective bacteriovores and are also commonly found in the marine water column. The flagellates are preyed upon by zooplankton while the phytoplankton concentrates on the larger particulate matter that is suspended in the water column as they are consumed by larger zooplankton, with fish as the top predator. Mineral nutrients cycle through this marine food chain, from bacteria and phytoplankton to flagellates and zooplankton which are then eaten by fish. The bacteria are important in this chain because only they have the physiological ability to absorb the dissolved mineral nutrients from the sea. These recycling principals from marine environments apply to many soil and freshwater ecosystems as well. In terrestrial ecosystems, fungi play similar roles as bacteria: they mobilize nutritional elements composing matter that is inaccessible for other organisms and transport acquired nutrients to nutritionally scarce patches of ecosystem.

text: Most minerals are inorganic in nature. Mineral nutrients refers to the smaller class of

text: minerals

text: that are

text: metabolized

text: for growth, development, and vitality of living organisms. Mineral nutrients are

text: recycled

text: by

text: bacteria

text: that are freely suspended in the vast water columns of the worlds oceans. They absorb dissolved organic matter containing mineral nutrients as they scavenge through the dying individuals that fall out of large phytoplankton blooms.

text: Flagellates

text: are effective

text: bacteriovores

text: and are also commonly found in the marine water column. The flagellates are preyed upon by

text: zooplankton

text: while the

text: phytoplankton

text: concentrates on the larger

text: particulate matter

text: that is suspended in the water column as they are

text: consumed

text: by larger zooplankton, with fish as the

text: top predator

text: . Mineral nutrients cycle through this marine

text: food chain

text: , from bacteria and phytoplankton to flagellates and zooplankton which are then eaten by fish. The bacteria are important in this chain because only they have the physiological ability to absorb the dissolved mineral nutrients from the sea. These recycling principals from marine environments apply to many soil and freshwater ecosystems as well. In

text: terrestrial ecosystems

text: fungi

text: play similar roles as

text: bacteria

text: : they mobilize nutritional elements composing matter that is inaccessible for other organisms and transport acquired nutrients to nutritionally scarce patches of

text: ecosystem

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled by bacteria

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mineral nutrients are recycled by bacteria

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dissolved organic matter

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mineral nutrients are recycled by bacteria that are freely suspended in the vast water columns

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: minerals are inorganic in nature. Mineral nutrients

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: nutritionally scarce

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: phytoplankton blooms.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: oceans.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: oceans.

text: We will refer to this scheme as a classical assemblage (This concept corresponds to a technical definition in Kitaev's pioneering paper cited below). In composing these reversible machines, it is important to ensure that the intermediate machines are also reversible.  This condition assures that  intermediate "garbage" is not created (the net physical effect would be to increase entropy, which is one of the motivations for going through  this exercise).

text: We will refer to this scheme as a classical assemblage (This concept corresponds to a technical definition in Kitaev's pioneering paper cited below). In composing these reversible machines, it is important to ensure that the intermediate machines are also reversible.  This condition assures that  intermediate "garbage" is not created (the net physical effect would be to increase entropy, which is one of the motivations for going through  this exercise).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: intermediate

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics, when ingested can clog digestion and cause starvation

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonreversible material

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: intermediate "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: intermediate "garbage"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: intermediate "garbage" is not created

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Kitaev's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: a classical assemblage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: intermediate "garbage" is not created

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: a classical assemblage

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: intermediate "garbage" is not created

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: intermediate "garbage" is not created

text: Among the many things that Carolina chose to write about in her diary were the people living around her. She describes herself as being very different from the other favelados, and claimed that "she detested other blacks from her social class". While she watched many of the people around her succumb to drugs, alcohol, prostitution, violence, and robbery, she chose to stay loyal to her children and her writing. Carolina was consistently able to provide for her children by recycling used trash for money or foraging through garbage cans for food and clothing. By saving some of the paper she collected, Carolina had the material she needed to continue her writing.

text: Among the many things that Carolina chose to write about in her diary were the people living around her. She describes herself as being very different from the other favelados, and claimed that "she detested other blacks from her social class". While she watched many of the people around her succumb to

text: drugs

text: , alcohol, prostitution, violence, and robbery, she chose to stay loyal to her children and her writing. Carolina was consistently able to provide for her children by

text: recycling

text: used trash for money or foraging through garbage cans for food and clothing. By saving some of the paper she collected, Carolina had the material she needed to continue her writing.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recycled

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: recycling used trash for money

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recycling used trash

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: drugs,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash

text: Patch testing is a method used to determine if a specific substance causes allergic inflammation of the skin. It tests for delayed reactions. It is used to help ascertain the cause of skin contact allergy, or contact dermatitis. Adhesive patches, usually treated with a number of common allergic chemicals or skin sensitizers, are applied to the back. The skin is then examined for possible local reactions at least twice, usually at 48 hours after application of the patch, and again two or three days later.

text: Patch test

text: ing is a method used to determine if a specific substance causes allergic inflammation of the skin. It tests for delayed reactions. It is used to help ascertain the cause of skin contact allergy, or

text: contact dermatitis

text: . Adhesive patches, usually treated with a number of common allergic chemicals or skin sensitizers, are applied to the back. The skin is then examined for possible local reactions at least twice, usually at 48 hours after application of the patch, and again two or three days later.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch testing

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: patch testing is used to determine

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Patch testing

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Patch testing

text: The spreading of organisms is facilitated when risk factors are present. Alcoholism is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, anaerobic organisms, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; smoking facilitates the effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Legionella pneumophila. Exposure to birds is associated with Chlamydia psittaci; farm animals with Coxiella burnetti; aspiration of stomach contents with anaerobic organisms; and cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is more common in the winter, and should be suspected in persons aspirating a large amount anaerobic organisms.

text: The spreading of organisms is facilitated when risk factors are present.

text: Alcoholism

text: is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae,

text: anaerobic organism

text: s, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; smoking facilitates the effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Legionella pneumophila. Exposure to birds is associated with

text: Chlamydia psittaci

text: ; farm animals with

text: Coxiella burnetti

text: ; aspiration of stomach contents with

text: anaerobic organism

text: s; and

text: cystic fibrosis

text: with

text: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

text: and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is more common in the winter, and should be suspected in persons aspirating a large amount

text: anaerobic organisms

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: smoking facilitates the effects

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Coxiella burnetti;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Alcoholism

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The spreading of organisms

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: smoking

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The spreading of organisms

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: spreading of organisms

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The spreading of organisms

text: Plastics themselves contribute to approximately 10% of discarded waste. Many kinds of plastics exist depending on their precursors and the method for their polymerization. Depending on their chemical composition, plastics and resins have varying properties related to contaminant absorption and adsorption. Polymer degradation takes much longer as a result of haline environments and the cooling effect of the sea. These factors contribute to the persistence of plastic debris in certain environments. Recent studies have shown that plastics in the ocean decompose faster than was once thought, due to exposure to sun, rain, and other environmental conditions, resulting in the release of toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A. However, due to the increased volume of plastics in the ocean, decomposition is slowed down. The Marine Conservancy has predicted the decomposition rates of several plastic products. It is estimated that a foam plastic cup will take 50 years, a plastic beverage holder will take 400 years, disposable diaper will take 450 years, and fishing line will take 600 years to degrade.

text: Plastics themselves contribute to approximately 10% of discarded waste. Many kinds of plastics exist depending on their precursors and the method for their polymerization. Depending on their chemical composition, plastics and resins have varying properties related to contaminant absorption and adsorption.

text: Polymer degradation

text: takes much longer as a result of haline environments and the cooling effect of the sea. These factors contribute to the persistence of plastic debris in certain environments. Recent studies have shown that plastics in the ocean decompose faster than was once thought, due to exposure to sun, rain, and other environmental conditions, resulting in the release of toxic chemicals such as

text: bisphenol A

text: . However, due to the increased volume of plastics in the ocean, decomposition is slowed down. The Marine Conservancy has predicted the decomposition rates of several plastic products. It is estimated that a foam

text: plastic cup

text: will take 50 years, a plastic beverage holder will take 400 years,

text: disposable diaper

text: will take 450 years, and

text: fishing line

text: will take 600 years to degrade.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: decompose faster than was once thought

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bisphenol A

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: release of toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastics themselves contribute to approximately 10%

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: decompose faster than was once thought,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bisphenol A.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 10% of discarded waste.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Plastics themselves contribute to approximately 10% of discarded waste.

text: Plastic bags are a convenient and sanitary way of handling garbage, and are widely used. Plastic garbage bags are fairly lightweight and are particularly useful for messy or wet rubbish, as is commonly the case with food waste, and are also useful for wrapping up garbage to minimize odour.  Plastic bags are often used for lining litter or waste containers or bins.  This serves to keep the container sanitary by avoiding container contact with the garbage.  After the bag in the container is filled with litter, the bag can be pulled out by its edges, closed, and tied with minimal contact with the waste matter.

text: Plastic bag

text: s are a convenient and sanitary way of handling garbage, and are widely used. Plastic garbage bags are fairly lightweight and are particularly useful for messy or wet rubbish, as is commonly the case with food waste, and are also useful for wrapping up garbage to minimize odour.  Plastic bags are often used for lining litter or waste containers or bins.  This serves to keep the container sanitary by avoiding container contact with the garbage.  After the bag in the container is filled with litter, the bag can be pulled out by its edges, closed, and tied with minimal contact with the waste matter.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic bags are fairly lightweight

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: food waste,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic garbage bags

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: food waste,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Plastic bags are a convenient and sanitary way of handling garbage,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Plastic garbage bags

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Plastic bags are a convenient and sanitary way of handling garbage,

text: Unusually, Red Hat took steps to obfuscate their changes to the Linux kernel for 6.0 by not publicly providing the patch files for their changes in the source tarball, and only releasing the finished product in source form. Speculation suggested that the move was made to affect Oracle's competing rebuild and support services, which further modifies the distribution. This practice however, still complies with the GNU GPL since source code is defined as "[the] preferred form of the work for making modifications to it", and the distribution still complies with this definition. Red Hat's CTO Brian Stevens later confirmed the change, stating that certain information (such as patch information) would now only be provided to paying customers to make the Red Hat product more competitive against the growing number of companies offering support for products based on RHEL. CentOS developers had no objections to the change since they do not make any changes to the kernel beyond what is provided by Red Hat. Their competitor Oracle announced in November 2012 that they were releasing a RedPatch service, which allows public view of the RHEL kernel changes, broken down by patch.

text: Unusually, Red Hat took steps to

text: obfuscate

text: their changes to the Linux kernel for 6.0 by not publicly providing the

text: patch file

text: s for their changes in the source tarball, and only releasing the finished product in source form. Speculation suggested that the move was made to affect Oracle's competing rebuild and support services, which further modifies the distribution. This practice however, still complies with the

text: GNU GPL

text: since source code is defined as "[the] preferred form of the work for making modifications to it", and the distribution still complies with this definition. Red Hat's

text: CTO

text: Brian Stevens later confirmed the change, stating that certain information (such as patch information) would now only be provided to paying customers to make the Red Hat product more competitive against the growing number of companies offering support for products based on RHEL. CentOS developers had no objections to the change since they do not make any changes to the kernel beyond what is provided by Red Hat. Their competitor Oracle announced in November 2012 that they were releasing a RedPatch service, which allows public view of the RHEL kernel changes, broken down by patch.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2012

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Red Hat

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch files for their changes in the source tarball,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: GNU GPL

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: patch files for their changes in the source tarball,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: patch files for their changes in the source tarball,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: patch files for their changes in the source tarball,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: GNU GPL

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 6.0

text: Epigenetics studies genetic effects not entirely encoded in the DNA sequence of an organism, hence the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around). Such effects on cellular and physiological phenotypic trait

text: Epigenetics studies

text: genetic

text: effects not entirely encoded in the DNA sequence of an organism, hence the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around). Such effects on

text: cellular

text: and

text: physiological

text: phenotypic trait

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Epigenetics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Epigenetics

text: In 2013, news of a garbage patch of plastic pollution in the lakes was released.

text: In 2013, news of a garbage patch of plastic pollution in the lakes was released.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: lakes

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic pollution in the lakes

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2013,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2013,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic pollution in the lakes

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: lakes

text: Many programming languages require garbage collection, either as part of the language specification (for example, Java, [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], D language, Go and most scripting languages) or effectively for practical implementation (for example, formal languages like lambda calculus); these are said to be garbage collected languages. Other languages were designed for use with manual memory management, but have garbage-collected implementations available (for example, C and C++). Some languages, like Ada, Modula-3, and C++/CLI, allow both garbage collection and manual memory management to co-exist in the same application by using separate heaps for collected and manually managed objects; others, like D, are garbage-collected but allow the user to manually delete objects and also entirely disable garbage collection when speed is required.

text: Many

text: programming language

text: s require garbage collection, either as part of the

text: language specification

text: (for example,

text: Java

text: , [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]],

text: D language

text: Go

text: and most

text: scripting language

text: s) or effectively for practical implementation (for example, formal languages like

text: lambda calculus

text: ); these are said to be garbage collected languages. Other languages were designed for use with manual memory management, but have garbage-collected implementations available (for example,

text: C

text: and

text: C++

text: ). Some languages, like

text: Ada

text: , and

text: C++/CLI

text: , allow both garbage collection and

text: manual memory management

text: to co-exist in the same application by using separate

text: heaps

text: for collected and manually managed objects; others, like

text: D

text: , are garbage-collected but allow the user to manually delete objects and also entirely disable garbage collection when speed is required.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage collected languages

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: [[D]]

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage-collected languages

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Ada, Modula-3,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Many programming languages require garbage collection,

text: Malacoctenus erdmani is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from the Bahamas to Curaçao.  This species is an inhabitant of reefs where it prefers areas that provide hiding places such as coral rubble and rock and patches of algae.  It can reach a length of  TL.

text: Malacoctenus erdmani is a species of

text: labrisomid

text: blenny native to the western

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: and the

text: Caribbean Sea

text: from the

text: Bahamas

text: to

text: Curaçao

text: .  This species is an inhabitant of

text: reefs

text: where it prefers areas that provide hiding places such as coral rubble and rock and patches of

text: algae

text: .  It can reach a length of

text: TL

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: TL

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: erdmani

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: TL.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: coral rubble and rock and patches of algae.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: coral rubble and rock and patches of algae.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Malacoctenus

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Malacoctenus erdmani

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Bahamas to Curaçao.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from the Bahamas to Curaçao.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: coral rubble and rock and patches of algae.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Malacoctenus erdmani

text: Deforestation impacts the carbon cycle, as well as the global and regional climate, and causes the habitat loss of many species. Forests that are sinks for the carbon cycle are lost through deforestation. Forests are either logged or burned to make room for mining activities or for grasslands, and often the area needed for such purposes is extensive. Deforestation can also create fragmentation, allowing the survival of only patches of habitat in which species can live. If these patches are distant and small, gene flow is reduced, habitat is altered, edge effects occur, and more opportunities for invasive species to intrude occur.

text: Deforestation

text: impacts the carbon cycle, as well as the global and regional climate, and causes the habitat loss of many species. Forests that are sinks for the carbon cycle are lost through deforestation. Forests are either logged or burned to make room for mining activities or for grasslands, and often the area needed for such purposes is extensive. Deforestation can also create fragmentation, allowing the survival of only patches of habitat in which species can live. If these patches are distant and small, gene flow is reduced, habitat is altered, edge effects occur, and more opportunities for invasive species to intrude occur.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: deforestation

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Deforestation impacts the carbon cycle, as well as the global and regional climate

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Deforestation impacts the carbon cycle

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon cycle,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Deforestation

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Deforestation

text: “As I gazed from the deck at the surface of what ought to have been a pristine ocean,” Moore later wrote in an essay for Natural History, “I was confronted, as far as the eye could see, with the sight of plastic. It seemed unbelievable, but I never found a clear spot. In the week it took to cross the subtropical high, no matter what time of day I looked, plastic debris was floating everywhere: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments.” An oceanographic colleague of Moore’s dubbed this floating junk yard “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” and despite Moore’s efforts to suggest different metaphors — “a swirling sewer,” “a superhighway of trash” connecting two “trash cemeteries” — “Garbage Patch” appears to have stuck.

text: “As I gazed from the deck at the surface of what ought to have been a pristine ocean,” Moore later wrote in an essay for Natural History, “I was confronted, as far as the eye could see, with the sight of plastic. It seemed unbelievable, but I never found a clear spot. In the week it took to cross the subtropical high, no matter what time of day I looked, plastic debris was floating everywhere: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments.” An oceanographic colleague of Moore’s dubbed this floating junk yard “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” and despite Moore’s efforts to suggest different metaphors — “a swirling sewer,” “a superhighway of trash” connecting two “trash cemeteries” — “Garbage Patch” appears to have stuck.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: floating junk yard

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic debris was floating everywhere

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris was floating everywhere

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments.”

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic debris was floating everywhere:

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,”

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,”

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,”

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments.”

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,”

text: Day 20 begins with Merv and Tom continuing with the container installation, Geoff and John taking the crib walls to the brickworks to be installed, all while Gordie goes to scrap the rest of their scrap metal for cash.  However, they still need $30 for a garbage bin (and to avoid selling Andy's vaunted bike chair).  Paul is tasked with finding the ultralight material for the firefly, while Gordie is organizing the yard sale.  A late hit on the junk hotline allows Paul to get the rest of the firefly cladding they need, in the form of space blankets and LEDs.  Back at the yard sale, despite a diminishing crowd, they are able to secure the garbage bin that they need, and the rest of what they cannot sell proceeds to the garbage bin.  At the brickworks, while Tom works on the metal work that will secure the two container halves to each other, the rolling wall is discovered to not roll due to a buried rail track running under the wall.

text: Day 20 begins with Merv and Tom continuing with the container installation, Geoff and John taking the crib walls to the brickworks to be installed, all while Gordie goes to scrap the rest of their scrap metal for cash.  However, they still need $30 for a garbage bin (and to avoid selling Andy's vaunted bike chair).  Paul is tasked with finding the ultralight material for the firefly, while Gordie is organizing the yard sale.  A late hit on the junk hotline allows Paul to get the rest of the firefly cladding they need, in the form of

text: space blanket

text: s and

text: LED

text: s.  Back at the yard sale, despite a diminishing crowd, they are able to secure the garbage bin that they need, and the rest of what they cannot sell proceeds to the garbage bin.  At the brickworks, while Tom works on the metal work that will secure the two container halves to each other, the rolling wall is discovered to not roll due to a buried rail track running under the wall.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: metal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is discussed

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The rolling wall is discovered to not roll

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: $30

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: scrap metal

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage bin

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: LEDs.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: space blankets and LEDs.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 20

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 20

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: firefly,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 20

text: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable, but modified versions thereof are not. The gnuplot license instead recommends distribution of patches against official releases, optionally accompanied by officially released source code. Binaries may be distributed along with the unmodified source code and any patches applied thereto. Contact information must be supplied with derived works for technical support for the modified software.

text: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable, but modified versions thereof are not. The gnuplot license instead recommends distribution of patches against official releases, optionally accompanied by officially released source code. Binaries may be distributed along with the unmodified source code and any patches applied thereto. Contact information must be supplied with derived works for

text: technical support

text: for the modified software.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: modified versions thereof are not. The gnuplot

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Official source code to gnuplot

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Official source code to gnuplot

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Official source code to gnuplot

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable,

text: A presentation of a topological manifold is a second countable Hausdorff space that is locally homeomorphic to a linear space, by a collection (called an atlas) of homeomorphisms called charts.  The composition of one chart with the inverse of another chart is a function called a transition map, and defines a homeomorphism of an open subset of the linear space onto another open subset of the linear space. This formalizes the notion of "patching together pieces of a space to make a manifold" – the manifold produced also contains the data of how it has been patched together. However, different atlases (patchings) may produce "the same" manifold; a manifold does not come with a preferred atlas.  And, thus, one defines a topological manifold to be a space as above with an equivalence class of atlases, where one defines equivalence of atlases below.

text: A presentation of a

text: topological manifold

text: is a

text: second countable

text: Hausdorff

text: space

text: that is locally homeomorphic to a linear space, by a collection (called an

text: atlas

text: ) of

text: homeomorphism

text: s called charts.  The composition of one chart with the

text: inverse

text: of another chart is a function called a

text: transition map

text: , and defines a homeomorphism of an open subset of the linear space onto another open subset of the linear space. This formalizes the notion of "patching together pieces of a space to make a manifold" – the manifold produced also contains the data of how it has been patched together. However, different atlases (patchings) may produce "the same" manifold; a manifold does not come with a preferred atlas.  And, thus, one defines a topological manifold to be a space as above with an

text: equivalence class

text: of atlases, where one defines equivalence of atlases below.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: locally homeomorphic to a linear space,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: topological manifold

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: topological manifold

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: a transition map,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: topological manifold is a second countable Hausdorff space

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: topological manifold is a second countable Hausdorff space

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: topological manifold is a second countable Hausdorff space

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: topological manifold

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: space,

text: JSON Patch is a web standard format for describing changes in a JSON document. It is meant to be used together with HTTP Patch which allows for the modification of existing HTTP resources. The JSON Patch media type is application/json-patch + json.

text: JSON Patch is a

text: web standard

text: format for describing changes in a

text: JSON

text: document. It is meant to be used together with

text: HTTP

text: Patch which allows for the modification of existing HTTP resources. The JSON Patch

text: media type

text: is application/json-patch + json.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: json patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: JSON Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: JSON Patch

text: A little over 10% of plastic debris in ocean water comes from land-based sources, responsible for 0.8 million tons every year. A source that has caused concern is landfills. Most waste in the form of plastic in landfills are single-use items such as packaging. Discarding plastics this way leads to accumulation. Although disposing of plastic waste in landfills has less of a gas emission risk than disposal through incineration, the former has space limitations. Another concern is that the liners acting as protective layers between the landfill and environment can break, thus leaking toxins and contaminating the nearby soil and water. Landfills located near oceans often contribute to ocean debris because content is easily swept up and transported to the sea by wind or small waterways like rivers and streams. Marine debris can also result from sewage water that has not been efficiently treated, which is eventually transported to the ocean through rivers. Plastic items that have been improperly discarded can also be carried to oceans through storm waters.

text: A little over 10% of plastic debris in ocean water comes from land-based sources, responsible for 0.8 million tons every year. A source that has caused concern is

text: landfills

text: . Most waste in the form of plastic in landfills are single-use items such as packaging. Discarding plastics this way leads to accumulation. Although disposing of plastic waste in landfills has less of a gas emission risk than disposal through incineration, the former has space limitations. Another concern is that the liners acting as protective layers between the landfill and environment can break, thus leaking toxins and contaminating the nearby soil and water. Landfills located near oceans often contribute to ocean debris because content is easily swept up and transported to the sea by wind or small waterways like rivers and streams. Marine debris can also result from sewage water that has not been efficiently treated, which is eventually transported to the ocean through rivers. Plastic items that have been improperly discarded can also be carried to oceans through storm waters.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: sewage water that has not been efficiently treated

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land-based sources,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: A little over 10% of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: landfills.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 0.8 million tons every year. A source that has caused concern is landfills.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 0.8 million tons every year.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: leaking toxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: ocean water

text: The Great Pacific garbage patch, also described as the Pacific trash vortex, is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean discovered between 1985 and 1988. It is located roughly between 135°W to 155°W and 35°N and 42°N. The patch extends over an indeterminate area, with estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define the affected area.

text: The Great Pacific garbage patch, also described as the Pacific trash vortex, is a

text: gyre

text: of

text: marine debris

text: particles in the central

text: North Pacific Ocean

text: discovered between 1985 and 1988. It is located roughly between

text: to

text: and

text: and

text: . The patch extends over an indeterminate area, with estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define the affected area.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define the affected area

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: How would you describe The Great Pacific garbage patch?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1985 and 1988.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic concentration

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch,

text: Because the Game Genie patches the program code of a game, the codes are sometimes referred to as patch codes.  These codes can have a variety of effects. Most published codes give the player some form of invulnerability, infinite ammunition, level skipping, or other modifications that allow the player to be more powerful than intended by the developers. In rare cases, codes can make the game more difficult or even unlock hidden game features that developers had scrapped and rendered unreachable in normal play.

text: Because the Game Genie patches the program code of a game, the codes are sometimes referred to as

text: patch

text: codes.  These codes can have a variety of effects. Most published codes give the player some form of invulnerability, infinite ammunition, level skipping, or other modifications that allow the player to be more powerful than intended by the

text: developer

text: s. In rare cases, codes can make the game more difficult or even unlock hidden game features that developers had scrapped and rendered unreachable in normal play.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can have a variety of effects

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Most published codes give the player some form of invulnerability,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: game,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch codes.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Game Genie patches the program code of a game,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: patch codes.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: patch codes.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: patch codes.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: patch codes.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: patch codes.

text: The extent to which a geological barrier can effectively isolate a population correlates to the mobility of the organism or its offspring.  For example, physical barriers such as canyons may effectively block migration and dispersal of small mammals; however, they have little impact on flying birds or wind-borne seeds.

text: The extent to which a geological barrier can effectively isolate a population correlates to the mobility of the organism or its offspring.  For example, physical barriers such as

text: canyon

text: s may effectively block

text: migration

text: and dispersal of small mammals; however, they have little impact on flying birds or wind-borne seeds.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can effectively isolate a population

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic can effectively isolate a population

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: wind-borne seeds.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: small mammals;

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: physical barriers such as canyons may effectively block migration and dispersal

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: canyons may effectively block migration and dispersal of small mammals;

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: canyons may effectively block migration and dispersal of small mammals;

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: migration and dispersal

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: canyons may effectively block migration and dispersal of small mammals;

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mobility of the organism or its offspring.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The extent to which a geological barrier can effectively isolate a population

text: During periods throughout the summer months there may be a large amount of Sargassum, a brown seaweed, which washes up on the shore which aids in shore development by acting to hold sand in place, which can eventually build up the shoreline. Currents within the Gulf of Mexico are responsible for the transport of this seaweed mainly from the Sargasso Sea, but have also been responsible for the transport of trash to the shores of the park. This trash can be anything that is tossed overboard into the Gulf of Mexico as well as items that are either washed into the Gulf from land, or from the interior of the country by means of sewers that empty into the Gulf. These items can range from tiny pieces of plastic, hypodermic needles, and lumber, to nets or bleach bottles tossed overboard by shrimpers and even objects as large as buoys and steel containers. An international treaty known as MARPOL is designed to limit the dumping of wastes into the Gulf but there can be violators and the enforcement of the treaty is difficult, as well as the fact that some trash can originate from sewage transport or even come from the Equator. Oil and tar can commonly wash up onto the beaches as well, 94% of which originates from oil spills, engine lubrication oil, and tanker washings. The park relies on a "grass roots" policy that encourages park visitors to take out more trash than they bring in.

text: During periods throughout the summer months there may be a large amount of

text: Sargassum

text: , a brown seaweed, which washes up on the shore which aids in shore development by acting to hold sand in place, which can eventually build up the shoreline. Currents within the

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: are responsible for the transport of this seaweed mainly from the

text: Sargasso Sea

text: , but have also been responsible for the transport of trash to the shores of the park. This trash can be anything that is tossed overboard into the

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: as well as items that are either washed into the

text: Gulf

text: from land, or from the interior of the country by means of sewers that empty into the

text: Gulf

text: . These items can range from tiny pieces of plastic, hypodermic needles, and lumber, to nets or bleach bottles tossed overboard by shrimpers and even objects as large as buoys and steel containers. An international treaty known as

text: MARPOL

text: is designed to limit the dumping of wastes into the

text: Gulf

text: but there can be violators and the enforcement of the treaty is difficult, as well as the fact that some trash can originate from sewage transport or even come from the

text: Equator

text: . Oil and tar can commonly wash up onto the beaches as well, 94% of which originates from oil spills, engine lubrication oil, and tanker washings. The park relies on a "grass roots" policy that encourages park visitors to take out more trash than they bring in.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can range from tiny pieces of plastic, hypodermic needles, and lumber

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bleach

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can range from tiny pieces of plastic, hypodermic needles, and lumber?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: tiny pieces of plastic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: how many pieces of plastic are in the gyre

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 94%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: oil spills,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: tiny pieces of plastic,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: bleach bottles

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: tiny pieces of plastic,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Gulf of Mexico

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Sargasso Sea,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: tiny pieces of plastic,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: tiny pieces of plastic,

text: In the mid to late 80s, workstation synths were manufactured more than single-patch keyboards. A workstation such as the Korg M1 was able to play out 8 different patches on 8 different MIDI channels, as well as playing a drum track, and had an onboard MIDI sequencer. The patches were often samples, but you could not record your own samples, as you could on a Fairlight. Having samples as the sound source is what made it possible to have various drum sounds in one patch. In contrast, a DX7 or a JX3P did not have the synthesis features to create all the sounds in a drum kit.

text: In the mid to late 80s, workstation synths were manufactured more than single-patch keyboards. A workstation such as the Korg M1 was able to play out 8 different patches on 8 different MIDI channels, as well as playing a drum track, and had an onboard MIDI sequencer. The patches were often samples, but you could not record your own samples, as you could on a Fairlight. Having samples as the sound source is what made it possible to have various drum sounds in one patch. In contrast, a DX7 or a JX3P did not have the synthesis features to create all the sounds in a drum kit.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mid to late 80s,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: samples,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Korg M1

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Fairlight.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DX7 or a JX3P

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Korg M1

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Korg M1

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Having samples

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: In the mid to late 80s,

text: In several modes of play, rectangular garbage of various widths and heights can drop from above the playing field to add to the stack. When a block is cleared while touching a piece of garbage, the garbage piece and all same-colored garbage pieces contiguous with it are transformed as a group, space by space from right to left, row by row from bottom to top. In the transformation, the bottommost layer of each piece of garbage is turned into blocks. The rising of the stack is stopped during the transformation of garbage. Until the entire transformation event is completed for the entire group, the newly formed blocks still behave as part of the garbage, and cannot be moved or used in a clear. Once the transformation event is completed the newly formed blocks move, fall and clear as normal.

text: In several modes of play, rectangular garbage of various widths and heights can drop from above the playing field to add to the stack. When a block is cleared while touching a piece of garbage, the garbage piece and all same-colored garbage pieces contiguous with it are transformed as a group, space by space from right to left, row by row from bottom to top. In the transformation, the bottommost layer of each piece of garbage is turned into blocks. The rising of the stack is stopped during the transformation of garbage. Until the entire transformation event is completed for the entire group, the newly formed blocks still behave as part of the garbage, and cannot be moved or used in a clear. Once the transformation event is completed the newly formed blocks move, fall and clear as normal.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rectangular garbage of various widths and heights

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: In several modes of play, rectangular garbage

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: rectangular garbage

text: There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics.  In a study published in 2014, researchers sampled 1571 locations throughout the worlds oceans, and determined that discarded fishing gear such as buoys, lines, and nets accounted for more than 60% of the mass of plastic marine debris.  The figure that an estimated 80% of the garbage comes from land-based sources and 20% from ships is derived from an unsubstantiated estimate. According to a 2011 EPA report, "The primary source of marine debris is the improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products, including plastics (e.g., littering, illegal dumping) ... Debris is generated on land at marinas, ports, rivers, harbors, docks, and storm drains. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships." Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to micro-pellets used in abrasive cleaners. Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years, and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less.

text: There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of

text: pelagic

text: plastics.  In a study published in 2014, researchers sampled 1571 locations throughout the worlds oceans, and determined that discarded fishing gear such as buoys, lines, and nets accounted for more than 60% of the mass of plastic marine debris.  The figure that an estimated 80% of the garbage comes from land-based sources and 20% from ships is derived from an unsubstantiated estimate. According to a 2011

text: EPA

text: report, "The primary source of marine debris is the improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products, including plastics (e.g., littering, illegal dumping) ... Debris is generated on land at marinas, ports, rivers, harbors, docks, and storm drains. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships." Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to

text: micro-pellets

text: used in abrasive cleaners. Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years, and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land-based sources

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 60% of the mass of plastic marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: there is no strong scientific data concerning the origins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land-based sources

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: discarded fishing gear

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: abrasive cleaners.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: pelagic plastics.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: six years,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: six years,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America

text: There have also been many occupational toxic tort cases, because industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals - more so than consumers and residents. Most of the law in this area arises from asbestos exposure. However, thousands of toxic chemicals are used in industry and workers in these areas can experience a variety of toxic injuries. Unlike the general population, which is exposed to trace amounts of thousands of different chemicals in the environment, industrial workers are regularly exposed to much higher levels of chemicals and therefore have a greater risk of developing disease from particular chemical exposures than the general population.

text: There have also been many occupational toxic tort cases, because industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals - more so than consumers and residents. Most of the law in this area arises from

text: asbestos

text: exposure. However, thousands of toxic chemicals are used in industry and workers in these areas can experience a variety of toxic injuries. Unlike the general population, which is exposed to trace amounts of thousands of different chemicals in the environment, industrial workers are regularly exposed to much higher levels of chemicals and therefore have a greater risk of developing disease from particular chemical exposures than the general population.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause cancer

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: asbestos

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: thousands

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: asbestos

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: industrial workers are regularly exposed to much higher levels of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: asbestos exposure.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: industrial and other workers are often chronically exposed to toxic chemicals

text: A two-year study released in 2001 by the CSIRO in Australia found several health problems associated with these chemicals. CSIRO research scientist, Dr Stephen Brown, reported anecdotal accounts of disorientation, headache, and irritation in some drivers of new cars. He measured pollutant levels in new cars that were sufficient to cause similar effects within minutes in controlled experiments by other researchers. Chemicals found in the cars included the carcinogen benzene, two other possible carcinogens cyclohexanone and styrene, and several other toxic chemicals.

text: A two-year study released in 2001 by the

entity_name: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

text: CSIRO

text: in

text: Australia

text: found several health problems associated with these chemicals. CSIRO research scientist, Dr Stephen Brown, reported

text: anecdotal

text: accounts of

text: disorientation

text: headache

text: , and irritation in some drivers of new cars. He measured pollutant levels in new cars that were sufficient to cause similar effects within minutes in controlled experiments by other researchers. Chemicals found in the cars included the

text: carcinogen

text: benzene

text: , two other possible carcinogens

text: cyclohexanone

text: and

text: styrene

text: , and several other toxic chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: benzene

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: styrene

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: benzene

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cyclohexanone

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: cars. He measured pollutant levels in new cars

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: new cars.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: benzene,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: benzene,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: two-year study released in 2001

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemicals.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A two-year study released in 2001

text: During Ricky's suburban shooting rampage, he kills a neighbor that is taking out trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!" before firing on the person. The scene has become an Internet meme due to the seemingly non-sequitur nature of the scene as well as the comedic cheesiness of the line's delivery. Ricky's murder of a mobster by stabbing him with an umbrella, then unfurling it with the victim hoisted against the wall, has also become a popular horror movie death, and was the inspiration for the horror reference book, Death by Umbrella! The 100 Weirdest Horror Movie Weapons.

text: During Ricky's suburban shooting rampage, he kills a neighbor that is taking out trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!" before firing on the person. The scene has become an

text: Internet meme

text: due to the seemingly non-sequitur nature of the scene as well as the comedic cheesiness of the line's delivery. Ricky's murder of a mobster by stabbing him with an umbrella, then unfurling it with the victim hoisted against the wall, has also become a popular horror movie death, and was the inspiration for the horror reference book, Death by Umbrella! The 100 Weirdest Horror Movie Weapons.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash cans

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Death by Umbrella!

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash cans,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Death by Umbrella!

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Death by Umbrella!

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash cans, shouting "Garbage day!"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Internet meme

text: This mode is very similar to Battle 2P. The player is pitted against five other opponents this time. The opposing players are also recordings as in Battle 2P. There is a target that constantly alternates between the other five players. When garbage is sent by the player, the person that the target is current pointing at is the one that receives the garbage. KO's are awarded to the person that last sent garbage to the KO'd player, so timing of attacks is important in earning KO's. The last player standing after two minutes is the winner. If multiple people have not lost, then the player with the greatest difference in KO's to loses is the winner. If that is tied, then number of lines of garbage sent is the tie-breaker, as in Battle 2P. By doing well, the players can earn stars, which promotes them to new ranks. Doing poorly will cause players to lose stars. There are also twenty ranks as in Battle 2P. This mode is not available on the Facebook version.

text: This mode is very similar to Battle 2P. The player is pitted against five other opponents this time. The opposing players are also recordings as in Battle 2P. There is a target that constantly alternates between the other five players. When garbage is sent by the player, the person that the target is current pointing at is the one that receives the garbage. KO's are awarded to the person that last sent garbage to the KO'd player, so timing of attacks is important in earning KO's. The last player standing after two minutes is the winner. If multiple people have not lost, then the player with the greatest difference in KO's to loses is the winner. If that is tied, then number of lines of garbage sent is the tie-breaker, as in Battle 2P. By doing well, the players can earn stars, which promotes them to new ranks. Doing poorly will cause players to lose stars. There are also twenty ranks as in Battle 2P. This mode is not available on the Facebook version.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: lines

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Facebook

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Battle 2P.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Facebook version.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Facebook version.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Facebook version.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Facebook version.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Facebook version.

text: The waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands are affected by effluents generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is affecting beaches in Hawaii, such as Kamilo Beach. The U.S. military used the ocean as a dumping ground for munitions from 1919 to 1970,cite news|title=Old Weapons Off Hawaii Should Stay Put, Army Says|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=August 2010|location=Honolulu, Hi. and the U.S. army dumped 16,000 mustard gas bombs in deep water (south of Pearl Harbor after World War II.)

text: The waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands are affected by

text: effluents

text: generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: is affecting

text: beaches in Hawaii

text: , such as

text: Kamilo Beach

text: . The

text: U.S. military

text: used the ocean as a dumping ground for munitions from 1919 to 1970,cite news|title=Old Weapons Off Hawaii Should Stay Put, Army Says|publisher=

text: Associated Press

text: |accessdate=August 2010|location=Honolulu, Hi. and the U.S. army dumped 16,000 mustard gas bombs in deep water (south of Pearl Harbor after World War II.)

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: float

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Floating plastic garbage is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mustard gas

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: floating plastic garbage is a problem

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Floating plastic garbage is a problem,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mustard gas

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Floating plastic garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Biological interactions are the effects that the organisms in a community have on one another. In the natural world no organism exists in absolute isolation, and thus every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.  An organism's interactions with its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.

text: Biological interactions are the effects that the

text: organism

text: s in a

text: community

text: have on one another. In the natural

text: world

text: no organism exists in absolute isolation, and thus every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.  An organism's interactions with its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic interacts with the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: every organism must interact with the environment

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Biological interactions

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Biological interactions

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Biological interactions

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Biological interactions

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms.

text: The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup is a program that was initiated by the Vancouver Aquarium by a small group of staff members and volunteers in 1994. These employees had heard about the International Coastal Cleanup and decided to participate in it by picking up garbage at a local beach and submitting the information. The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup is an annual international initiative aimed to engage people to remove trash and debris from the world's beaches and waterways, identify the sources of debris, and change the behaviors that cause marine debris in the first place.

text: The

text: Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup

text: is a program that was initiated by the Vancouver Aquarium by a small group of staff members and volunteers in 1994. These employees had heard about the International Coastal Cleanup and decided to participate in it by picking up garbage at a local beach and submitting the information. The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup is an annual international initiative aimed to engage people to remove trash and debris from the world's beaches and waterways, identify the sources of debris, and change the behaviors that cause marine debris in the first place.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine debris in the first place

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: beaches

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage at a local beach

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: change the behaviors that cause marine debris in the first place.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup

text: Through a series of oceanic expeditions, The Ocean Cleanup is researching the total mass and the distribution of plastic debris in the oceans, as well as technically and economically feasible ocean plastic recycling methods, technologies and equipment. In August 2015, it conducted its so-called Mega Expedition, in which a fleet of approximately 30 vessels crossed the Great Pacific garbage patch using manta trawls and carrying out aerial surveys to measure the concentration, spatial and size distribution of plastic there. Researchers aboard mothership R/V Ocean Starr reported sighting of much more large-sized plastic debris in the Great Pacific Ocean gyre than expected. According to The Ocean Cleanup website, this expedition was conducted in preparation for a large-scale cleanup of the Great Pacific garbage patch, which it intends to start in 2020.

text: Through a series of oceanic expeditions, The Ocean Cleanup is researching the total mass and the distribution of plastic debris in the oceans, as well as technically and economically feasible ocean plastic recycling methods, technologies and equipment. In August 2015, it conducted its so-called Mega Expedition, in which a fleet of approximately 30 vessels crossed the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: using

text: manta trawl

text: s and carrying out

text: aerial survey

text: s to measure the concentration,

text: spatial

text: and size distribution of plastic there. Researchers aboard mothership R/V Ocean Starr reported sighting of much more large-sized plastic debris in the Great Pacific Ocean gyre than expected. According to The Ocean Cleanup website, this expedition was conducted in preparation for a large-scale cleanup of the Great Pacific garbage patch, which it intends to start in 2020.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Ocean Cleanup is researching the total mass

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is technically and economically feasible ocean plastic recycling methods

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mass

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Ocean Cleanup is researching the total mass and the distribution of plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Ocean gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: large-sized plastic debris in the Great Pacific Ocean gyre

text: In the 2012 cartoon, Muckman (voiced by Grant Moninger) was introduced as Garson Grunge (originally voiced by Nolan North), a humble sewer worker who had encounters with mutants in the past, such as getting attacked by Leatherhead, a Squirrelanoid, Fungus Humongous' fear spores and Pizza Face's minions. Following the Kraang's invasion on the city, he was seen working as a garbageman when he heard a commotion involving the Turtles fighting Bebop and Rocksteady at an abandoned Kraang lab and got hit in the face with a canister of mutagen (which Bebop intentionally threw at Michelangelo) while investigating it. As the result of falling into the dumpster, Grunge mutated into a 6 ft. humanoid mutant made entirely out of garbage with a banana peel cap, an exposed and eroded skeleton, a toxic vomit, control over other garbage and dissolving abilities. Convinced by Joe Eyeball to be a hero when he found the Purple Dragons mugging a man, Muckman stopped them and beat them up. The man witnessed the action and talked about it on Joan Grody's show, becoming New York's new sensation. When the Turtles and April found Muckman and Joe Eyeball, Muckman blamed the Turtles for his mutation, yet both groups had to leave before Joan Grody could get a full glimpse of the Turtles. Upon seeing the news on Muckman, Bebop and Rocksteady planned to take advantage of this and looked for him. When they found him, he thought they were with the Turtles until they claimed that they weren't with them. They then convinced him to help them rob a Kraang lab again by claiming that it contains a cure, though Joe became suspicious of their motives. When the Turtles caught up to them, Muckman began to attack, but Bebop stopped him and told him to get the chemical while he and Rocksteady dealt with the Turtles. Muckman joined the fight and the Turtles were defeated, but they tried to reason with him and were all knocked out by Bebop's grenade. Rocksteady threw Muckman into the lab and is blasted with the Kraang's traps. Muckman found the chemical they were looking for but was blasted by another trap as Rocksteady took it from him. As a result, Muckman helped the Turtles by shooting slime at the chemical, destroying it while allowing Bebop and Rocksteady to retreat. After apologizing to the Turtles, he covered up their existence by telling Joan Grody that they were just people in costumes like the Pulverizer. He later subsequently befriended Mondo Gecko and was recruited as muscle of the Mighty Mutanimals as they help the Turtles save the Earth from getting destroyed by the Triceratons, though sadly their efforts proved futile.

text: In

entity_name: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)

text: the 2012 cartoon

text: , Muckman (voiced by

text: Grant Moninger

text: ) was introduced as Garson Grunge (originally voiced by

text: Nolan North

text: ), a humble sewer worker who had encounters with mutants in the past, such as getting attacked by

text: Leatherhead

text: , a Squirrelanoid, Fungus Humongous' fear spores and Pizza Face's minions. Following the Kraang's invasion on the city, he was seen working as a garbageman when he heard a commotion involving the Turtles fighting Bebop and Rocksteady at an abandoned

entity_name: List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) characters

text: Kraang

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: sewer

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mutagen

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Fungus Humongous

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: intact trash

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: banana peel

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: mutation,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Kraang lab

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: vomit,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Purple Dragons

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Muckman

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Joan Grody's

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Rocksteady

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Muckman blamed the Turtles

text: Garbage released a string of increasingly successful singles in 1995 and 1996, including "Queer", "Only Happy When It Rains", and "Stupid Girl". Their debut album, Garbage, charted in the top 20 in six countries and was certified double platinum in the US, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Garbage spent two years working on their follow-up album, Version 2.0, which charted in the top 20 in 12 countries and was certified platinum in four countries and the European Union.

text: Garbage released a string of increasingly successful singles in 1995 and 1996, including "

text: Queer

text: Only Happy When It Rains

text: ", and "

text: Stupid Girl

text: ". Their debut album,

text: Garbage

text: , charted in the top 20 in six countries and was certified

text: double platinum

text: in the US,

text: United Kingdom

text: Canada

text: , and

text: Australia

text: . Garbage spent two years working on their follow-up album,

text: Version 2.0

text: , which charted in the top 20 in 12 countries and was certified platinum in four countries and the

text: European Union

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage released a string of increasingly successful singles

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: double platinum in the US, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Australia.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage

text: There are two types of tolerances that can occur; multiple and co-tolerance. Multiple tolerances can elevate an individual’s ability to tolerate several toxicants present at once.  This means that depending on the type of chemicals present in the environment, the concentration, and the organisms that are affected could alter the environment in multiple different ways. Co tolerance is the ability of an organism to develop a tolerance to a certain toxicant in short term tests, and obtain that tolerance for other toxicants similar to the first. Toxicant can cause co-tolerance for species if they’re closely related chemistry or have similar modes of action. It can be difficult to determine with type of tolerance is occurring if there are multiple types of toxicants in a community because they could be acting simultaneously. Basically it is difficult to understand what exactly may be going on in a community without testing it with multiple ecotoxicological tools with long and short term toxicity tests.

text: There are two types of tolerances that can occur; multiple and co-tolerance. Multiple tolerances can elevate an individual’s ability to tolerate several toxicants present at once.  This means that depending on the type of chemicals present in the environment, the

text: concentration

text: , and the organisms that are affected could alter the environment in multiple different ways. Co tolerance is the ability of an organism to develop a tolerance to a certain toxicant in short term tests, and obtain that tolerance for other toxicants similar to the first. Toxicant can cause co-tolerance for species if they’re closely related chemistry or have similar

text: modes of action

text: . It can be difficult to determine with type of tolerance is occurring if there are multiple types of toxicants in a community because they could be acting simultaneously. Basically it is difficult to understand what exactly may be going on in a community without testing it with multiple ecotoxicological tools with long and short term toxicity tests.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 35%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause multiple tolerances

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxicants can cause co-tolerance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxicants

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Multiple tolerances can elevate an individual’s ability to tolerate several toxicants

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: multiple different ways.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: multiple and co-tolerance.

text: Marine snow is made up of a variety of mostly organic matter, including dead or dying animals and phytoplankton, protists, fecal matter, sand, and other inorganic dust. Most trapped particles are more vulnerable to grazers than they would be as free floating individuals and can be classified as "olive green" or "gray body" cells, which are plant parts and degrading plant material. A majority of marine snow composition is actually made up of aggregates of smaller particles held together by a sugary mucus, transparent extracellular polysaccharides (TEPs). These are natural polymers exuded as waste products mostly by phytoplankton and bacteria. Mucus secreted by zooplankton (mostly salps, appendicularians, and pteropods) also contribute to the constituents of marine snow aggregates. These aggregates grow over time and may reach several centimeters in diameter, traveling for weeks before reaching the ocean floor.

text: Marine snow is made up of a variety of mostly organic matter, including dead or dying animals and

text: phytoplankton

text: protist

text: s, fecal matter, sand, and other inorganic dust. Most trapped particles are more vulnerable to grazers than they would be as free floating individuals and can be classified as "olive green" or "gray body" cells, which are plant parts and degrading plant material. A majority of marine snow composition is actually made up of aggregates of smaller particles held together by a sugary mucus, transparent extracellular

text: polysaccharide

text: s (TEPs). These are natural

text: polymer

text: s exuded as waste products mostly by phytoplankton and

text: bacteria

text: Mucus

text: secreted by

text: zooplankton

text: (mostly

text: salps

text: appendicularia

text: ns, and

text: pteropods

text: ) also contribute to the constituents of marine snow aggregates. These aggregates grow over time and may reach several centimeters in diameter, traveling for weeks before reaching the ocean floor.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mostly organic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dead or dying animals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine snow

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: TEPs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dead or dying animals and phytoplankton

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fecal matter, sand,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic matter, including dead or dying animals and phytoplankton,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean floor.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: extracellular polysaccharides

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: transparent extracellular polysaccharides

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: weeks before reaching the ocean floor.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Marine snow

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trapped particles are more vulnerable to grazers

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Marine snow

text: One of the many issues that they work closely to stop is the flow of trash that enters the ocean. The International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) is one of the methods Ocean Conservancy uses to prevent marine debris. The ICC is the largest volunteer effort to clean up the world's oceans and other waterways; over the past 25 years the ICC has cleaned up approximately 144,606,491 pounds of trash from beaches all over the world.

text: One of the many issues that they work closely to stop is the flow of trash that enters the ocean. The International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) is one of the methods Ocean Conservancy uses to prevent marine debris. The ICC is the largest volunteer effort to clean up the world's oceans and other waterways; over the past 25 years the ICC has cleaned up approximately 144,606,491 pounds of trash from beaches all over the world.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 144,606,491 pounds

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beaches

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: one of the many issues that they work closely to stop

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 144,606,491 pounds

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beaches

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trash that enters the ocean. The International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: trash that enters the ocean. The International Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash that enters the ocean.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 144,606,491

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine debris.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash that enters the ocean.

text: The Lovedolls return from their untimely demise in this sequel to the Super-8 trash classic Desperate Teenage Lovedolls (1984). Patch Kelley (Janet Housden) becomes Patch Christ, the leader of an acid-damaged religious cult who rescues has-been Kitty Karryall (Jennifer Schwartz) from a boozy, wasted life. Once reunited, they recruit Sunset Boulevard hooker Alexandria "Cheetah" Axethrasher (Kim Pilkington) to replace the recently murdered Bunny Tremelo (Hilary Rubens). Rainbow Tramaine (Steve McDonald), from the Freedom School in New Mexico ventures to Hollywood to discover his twin brother Johnny has committed suicide after taking The Lovedolls to the top, as their manager.

text: The Lovedolls return from their untimely demise in this sequel to the

text: trash classic

text: Desperate Teenage Lovedolls

text: (1984). Patch Kelley (Janet Housden) becomes Patch Christ, the leader of an acid-damaged religious cult who rescues has-been Kitty Karryall (Jennifer Schwartz) from a boozy, wasted life. Once reunited, they recruit Sunset Boulevard hooker Alexandria "Cheetah" Axethrasher (Kim Pilkington) to replace the recently murdered Bunny Tremelo (Hilary Rubens). Rainbow Tramaine (

text: Steve McDonald

text: ), from the Freedom School in

text: New Mexico

text: ventures to

text: Hollywood

text: to discover his twin brother Johnny has committed suicide after taking The Lovedolls to the top, as their manager.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: New Mexico

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Acid

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Lovedolls

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Lovedolls

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is the name of the movie?

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: New Mexico

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: acid-damaged

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: acid-damaged religious cult

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: acid-damaged

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Lovedolls

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Super-8 trash classic Desperate Teenage Lovedolls

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Patch Christ,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: acid-damaged

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Patch Christ,

text: Cyclosarin or GF (cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance used as a chemical weapon. It is a member of the G-series family of nerve agents, a group of chemical weapons discovered and synthesized by a German team led by Dr. Gerhard Schrader. The major nerve gases are the G agents, sarin (GB), soman (GD), tabun (GA), and the V agents such as VX. The original agent, tabun, was discovered in Germany in 1936 in the process of work on organophosphorus insecticides. Next came sarin, soman and finally the most toxic, cyclosarin, a product of commercial insecticide laboratories prior to World War II.

text: Cyclosarin or GF (cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely

text: toxic

text: substance used as a

text: chemical weapon

text: . It is a member of the G-series family of

text: nerve agent

text: s, a group of

text: chemical weapons

text: discovered and synthesized by a German team led by

text: Dr. Gerhard Schrader

text: . The major nerve gases are the G agents,

text: sarin

text: (GB),

text: soman

text: (GD),

text: tabun

text: (GA), and the V agents such as

text: VX

text: . The original agent, tabun, was discovered in Germany in 1936 in the process of work on

text: organophosphorus

text: insecticide

text: s. Next came sarin, soman and finally the most toxic, cyclosarin, a product of commercial insecticide laboratories prior to

text: World War II

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Cyclosarin

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cyclosarin,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Cyclosarin

text: Plastic pollution does not only affect animals that live solely in oceans. Seabirds are also greatly affected. In 2004, it was estimated that seagulls in the North Sea had an average of thirty pieces of plastic in their stomachs. Seabird's often mistake trash floating on the ocean's surface as prey. Their food sources often has already ingested plastic debris, thus transferring the plastic from prey to predator. Ingested trash can obstruct and physically damage a bird’s digestive system, reducing its digestive ability and can lead to malnutrition, starvation, and death. Toxic chemicals called polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) also become concentrated on the surface of plastics at sea and are released after seabirds eat them. These chemicals can accumulate in body tissues and have serious lethal effects on a bird's reproductive ability, immune system, and hormone balance. Floating plastic debris can produce ulcers, infections and lead to death. Marine plastic pollution can even reach birds that have never been at the sea. Parents may accidentally feed their nestlings plastic, mistaking it for food. Seabird chicks are the most vulnerable to plastic ingestion since they can't regurgitate like the adult seabirds.

text: Plastic pollution does not only affect animals that live solely in oceans.

text: Seabirds

text: are also greatly affected. In 2004, it was estimated that

text: seagulls

text: in the

text: North Sea

text: had an average of thirty pieces of plastic in their stomachs. Seabird's often mistake trash floating on the ocean's surface as prey. Their food sources often has already ingested plastic debris, thus transferring the plastic from prey to predator. Ingested trash can obstruct and physically damage a bird’s digestive system, reducing its digestive ability and can lead to malnutrition, starvation, and death. Toxic chemicals called

text: polychlorinated biphenyls

text: (PCBs) also become concentrated on the surface of plastics at sea and are released after seabirds eat them. These chemicals can accumulate in body tissues and have serious lethal effects on a bird's reproductive ability, immune system, and hormone balance. Floating plastic debris can produce ulcers, infections and lead to death. Marine plastic pollution can even reach birds that have never been at the sea. Parents may accidentally feed their nestlings plastic, mistaking it for food. Seabird chicks are the most vulnerable to plastic ingestion since they can't regurgitate like the adult seabirds.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can produce ulcers, infections and lead to death

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can plastic ingestion cause?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ingestion

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: thirty

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Seabird's often mistake trash floating on the ocean's surface

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: polychlorinated biphenyls

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Ingested trash

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Seabird's

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: thirty pieces of plastic in their stomachs.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Floating plastic debris can produce ulcers, infections and lead to death.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash floating on the ocean's surface as prey.

text: The scientific study of water and Earth's water cycle is hydrology; hydrodynamics studies the physics of water in motion. The more recent study of the sea in particular is oceanography. This began as the study of the shape of the ocean's currents but has since expanded into a large and multidisciplinary field: it examines the properties of seawater; studies waves, tides, and currents; charts coastlines and maps the seabeds; and studies marine life. The subfield dealing with the sea's motion, its forces, and the forces acting upon it is known as physical oceanography. Marine biology (biological oceanography) studies the plants, animals, and other organisms inhabiting marine ecosystems. Both are informed by chemical oceanography, which studies the behavior of elements and molecules within the oceans: particularly, at the moment, the ocean's role in the carbon cycle and carbon dioxide's role in the increasing acidification of seawater. Marine and maritime geography charts the shape and shaping of the sea, while marine geology (geological oceanography) has provided evidence of continental drift and the composition and structure of the Earth, clarified the process of sedimentation, and assisted the study of volcanism and earthquakes.

text: The

text: scientific study

text: of

text: water

text: and Earth's

text: water cycle

text: is

text: hydrology

text: hydrodynamics

text: studies the

text: physics

text: of water in motion. The more recent study of the sea in particular is

text: oceanography

text: . This began as the study of the shape of the ocean's

text: currents

text: but has since expanded into a large and

text: multidisciplinary

text: field: it examines the properties of

text: seawater

text: ; studies

text: waves

text: tides

text: , and

text: currents

text: ; charts

text: coastlines

text: and maps the

text: seabeds

text: ; and studies

text: marine life

text: . The subfield dealing with the sea's motion, its forces, and the forces acting upon it is known as

text: physical oceanography

text: Marine biology

text: (biological oceanography) studies the

text: plants

text: animals

text: , and other organisms inhabiting

text: marine ecosystems

text: . Both are informed by

text: chemical oceanography

text: , which studies the behavior of

text: elements

text: and

text: molecules

text: within the oceans: particularly, at the moment, the ocean's role in the

text: carbon cycle

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: 's role in the

text: increasing acidification

text: of seawater. Marine and maritime

text: geography

text: charts the shape and shaping of the sea, while

text: marine geology

text: (geological oceanography) has provided evidence of

text: continental drift

text: and the

text: composition

text: and

text: structure of the Earth

text: , clarified the process of

text: sedimentation

text: , and assisted the study of

text: volcanism

text: and

text: earthquakes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine biology

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biology

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon dioxide's role in the increasing acidification of seawater.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: carbon dioxide's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: increasing acidification of seawater.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: carbon dioxide's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: oceanography.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: continental drift

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: oceanography.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: acidification of seawater.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: oceanography.

text: On reaching the patch, 1,000 miles from the Californian coast, New Horizon began intensive sampling on 9 August. The crew took samples every few hours around the clock, using nets of various sizes and collecting samples at various depths. New Horizon returned on Friday 21 August 2009. SEAPLEX reported their initial findings on Thursday 27 August 2009, declaring that the patch stretched at least 1,700 miles across, and that from 100 consecutive surface samples taken along that 1,700 path track taken through the patch, plastic was found in every one. Miriam Goldstein, chief scientist of the SEAPLEX expedition described the findings as "shocking". Speaking about the patch, Goldstein added, "There’s no island, there’s no eighth continent, it doesn’t look like a garbage dump. It looks like beautiful ocean. But then when you put the nets in the water, you see all the little pieces.”

text: On reaching the patch, 1,000 miles from the Californian coast, New Horizon began intensive sampling on 9 August. The crew took samples every few hours around the clock, using nets of various sizes and collecting samples at various depths. New Horizon returned on Friday 21 August 2009. SEAPLEX reported their initial findings on Thursday 27 August 2009, declaring that the patch stretched at least 1,700 miles across, and that from 100 consecutive surface samples taken along that 1,700 path track taken through the patch, plastic was found in every one. Miriam Goldstein, chief scientist of the SEAPLEX expedition described the findings as "shocking". Speaking about the patch, Goldstein added, "There’s no island, there’s no eighth continent, it doesn’t look like a garbage dump. It looks like beautiful ocean. But then when you put the nets in the water, you see all the little pieces.”

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1000 miles

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: SEAPLEX reported their initial findings on Thursday 27 August 2009

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It doesn’t look like a garbage dump

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic was found in every one.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic was found in every one. Miriam Goldstein,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastic was found in every one.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1,700 miles across,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: little pieces.”

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic was found in every one.

text: In several modes of play, rectangular garbage of various widths and heights can drop onto the player's stack, and can even extend above the top of the playfield. When a set of blocks that is touching a garbage block clears from the playfield, any garbage blocks touching this clear are "transformed" into regular blocks, which come into play when the garbage block is finished transforming. Any garbage blocks of the same type as the first one and touching the first one are similarly transformed, though non-touching garbage and differently-typed garbage do not transform in this case.

text: In several modes of play, rectangular garbage of various widths and heights can drop onto the player's stack, and can even extend above the top of the playfield. When a set of blocks that is touching a garbage block clears from the playfield, any garbage blocks touching this clear are "transformed" into regular blocks, which come into play when the garbage block is finished transforming. Any garbage blocks of the same type as the first one and touching the first one are similarly transformed, though non-touching garbage and differently-typed garbage do not transform in this case.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: rectangular garbage of various widths and heights

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rectangular garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: non-touching garbage and differently-typed garbage

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: rectangular garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: rectangular garbage

text: Garbage regrouped on April 10, 2001. The group began work on their third record, and put aside plans for a B-sides album due to the sale of Almo Sounds to the UMG. Manson ran an online blog throughout the recording of the album named Beautiful Garbage. During the recording of the album, Garbage invoked a provision of its contract to leave Almo, and sued UMG when it refused to terminate the contract. UMG threatened to use Manson's 1993 solo contract to tie Garbage to the label. The suit was settled on July 29, 2001, and Garbage moved to Interscope. Lead single "Androgyny" was released to radio by the end of August, and its video was released on September 10. The following day, due to the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington D.C, the promotional schedule for the album was put on hold.

text: Garbage regrouped on April 10, 2001. The group began work on their third record, and put aside plans for a

text: B-sides

text: album due to the sale of Almo Sounds to the

text: UMG

text: . Manson ran an online blog throughout the recording of the album named

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: . During the recording of the album, Garbage invoked a provision of its contract to leave Almo, and sued UMG when it refused to terminate the contract. UMG threatened to use Manson's 1993 solo contract to tie Garbage to the label. The suit was settled on July 29, 2001, and Garbage moved to

text: Interscope

text: . Lead single "Androgyny" was released to radio by the end of August, and its video was released on September 10. The following day, due to the

text: September 11 attacks

text: in

text: New York City

text: and

text: Washington D.C

text: , the promotional schedule for the album was put on hold.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 95%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage invoked a provision of its contract

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2001.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Beautiful Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: September 11

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Beautiful Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2001.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: September 10.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Beautiful Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Beautiful Garbage.

text: Plastic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of ocean gyres. In particular, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch has a very high level of plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six. Midway Atoll, in common with all the Hawaiian Islands, receives substantial amounts of debris from the garbage patch. Ninety percent plastic, this debris accumulates on the beaches of Midway where it becomes a hazard to the bird population of the island. Midway Atoll is home to two-thirds (1.5 million) of the global population of Laysan albatross. Nearly all of these albatross have plastic in their digestive system and one-third of their chicks die.

text: Plastic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of

text: ocean gyres

text: . In particular, the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: has a very high level of plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six.

text: Midway Atoll

text: , in common with all the

text: Hawaiian Islands

text: , receives substantial amounts of debris from the garbage patch. Ninety percent plastic, this debris accumulates on the beaches of Midway where it becomes a hazard to the bird population of the island. Midway Atoll is home to two-thirds (1.5 million) of the global population of

text: Laysan albatross

text: . Nearly all of these albatross have plastic in their

text: digestive system

text: and one-third of their chicks die.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Plastic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of ocean gyres

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Why do Laysan albatross die?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic in their digestive system and one-third of their chicks die

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particulate

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Ninety percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: debris tends to accumulate at the centre of ocean gyres.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic particulate

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Nearly all of these albatross have plastic in their digestive system

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: six.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column.

text: The existence of the Great Pacific garbage patch, the first to be discovered, was predicted in a 1988 paper published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. The prediction was based on results obtained by several Alaska-based researchers between 1985 and 1988 that measured neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean.

text: The existence of the Great Pacific garbage patch, the first to be discovered, was predicted in a 1988 paper published by the

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: (NOAA) of the United States. The prediction was based on results obtained by several Alaska-based researchers between 1985 and 1988 that measured

text: neuston

text: ic

text: plastic

text: in the North Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: neustonic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: neustonic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: neustonic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean.

text: The greatest man-eater is three times as deadly when a mutated great white shark with three heads originating from the Great Pacific garbage patch eats its way through an island research facility, forcing a group of survivors (Omar, Maggie, Allison, Greg, and Ryan) led by Dr. Laura Thomas and Dr. Ted Nelson to evacuate before the facility is destroyed. The group standing on the shore swim one-by-one towards the boat in the middle of the lake, but the shark eats Laura and Omar on the way.

text: The greatest man-eater is three times as deadly when a mutated

text: great white shark

text: with three heads originating from the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: eats its way through an island research facility, forcing a group of survivors (Omar, Maggie, Allison, Greg, and Ryan) led by Dr. Laura Thomas and Dr. Ted Nelson to evacuate before the facility is destroyed. The group standing on the shore swim one-by-one towards the boat in the middle of the lake, but the shark eats Laura and Omar on the way.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutated great white shark

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: mutated great white shark

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mutated great white shark

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: Garbage released a string of increasingly successful singles in 1995–1996, including "Stupid Girl" and "Only Happy When It Rains". Their debut album, Garbage, was an unexpected smash, selling over 4 million copies and certified double platinum in the UK, United States and Australia. Garbage won the Breakthrough Artist award at the 1996 MTV Europe Music Awards. The band then spent two years working on follow-up album, Version 2.0, which topped the charts in the UK upon its 1998 release and the following year was nominated for two Grammy Awards, Album of the Year and Best Rock Album. Version 2.0 went on to match the sales of its predecessor. Garbage followed this up by performing and co-producing the theme song to the nineteenth James Bond movie The World Is Not Enough.

text: Garbage released a string of increasingly successful

text: singles

text: in 1995–1996, including "

text: Stupid Girl

text: " and "

text: Only Happy When It Rains

text: ". Their debut album,

text: Garbage

text: , was an

text: unexpected smash

text: , selling over 4 million copies and certified

text: double platinum

text: in the UK, United States and Australia. Garbage won the Breakthrough Artist award at the 1996

text: MTV Europe Music Awards

text: . The band then spent two years working on follow-up album,

text: Version 2.0

text: , which topped the

text: charts in the UK

text: upon its 1998 release and the following year was nominated for two

text: Grammy Award

text: s,

text: Album of the Year

text: and

text: Best Rock Album

text: . Version 2.0 went on to match the sales of its predecessor. Garbage followed this up by performing and co-producing

text: the theme song

text: to the nineteenth

text: James Bond

text: movie

text: The World Is Not Enough

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 4 million

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage, was an unexpected smash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 4 million copies and certified double platinum in the UK, United States and Australia.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Stupid Girl"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 4 million copies and certified double platinum in the UK, United States and Australia.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage

text: The patch is not easily visible, because it consists of very small pieces that are almost invisible to the naked eye. Most of its contents are suspended beneath the surface of the ocean, and the relatively low density of the plastic debris is, according to one scientific study, 5.1 kilograms per square kilometer of ocean area (5.1 mg/m).

text: The patch is not easily visible, because it consists of very small pieces that are almost invisible to the naked eye. Most of its contents are suspended beneath the surface of the ocean, and the relatively low density of the plastic debris is, according to one scientific study, 5.1 kilograms per square kilometer of ocean area (5.1 mg/m).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5.1 kilograms

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 5.1 kilograms per square kilometer

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: low density

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5.1 kilograms

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Most of its contents are suspended beneath the surface of the ocean,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: (5.1 mg/m).

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 5.1 kilograms per square kilometer of ocean area

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: ocean,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 5.1 kilograms per square kilometer of ocean area

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: relatively low density

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: very small pieces that are almost invisible to the naked eye.

text: The series explored its beginnings by airing only three webisodes in 2007 on VBS.tv, an online television network owned by Vice Media, which was later absorbed into Vice.com. Vice Media subsequently aired three more webisodes over the course of the next four years. Even though only seven webisodes were aired over five years via VBS.tv, Vice Media and Thomas Morton continued to be involved in immersive journalism with documentaries such as Garbage Island (the Great Pacific garbage patch), the MTV series The Vice Guide to Everything, Toxic Amazon, and the Emmy Award Winning HBO series Vice airing Friday nights at 11pm ET / 10pm CT.

text: The series explored its beginnings by airing only three webisodes in 2007 on

text: VBS.tv

text: , an online television network owned by

text: Vice Media

text: , which was later absorbed into

text: Vice.com

text: . Vice Media subsequently aired three more webisodes over the course of the next four years. Even though only seven webisodes were aired over five years via VBS.tv, Vice Media and Thomas Morton continued to be involved in

text: immersive journalism

text: with documentaries such as Garbage Island (the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: ), the

text: MTV

text: series The Vice Guide to Everything, Toxic Amazon, and the

text: Emmy Award

text: Winning

text: HBO

text: series

text: Vice

text: airing Friday nights at 11pm ET / 10pm CT.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Island

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: How many webisodes were aired over the course of the next four years?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage Island

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Amazon,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: (the Great Pacific garbage patch),

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Toxic Amazon,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Island

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: (the Great Pacific garbage patch),

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: (the Great Pacific garbage patch),

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: (the Great Pacific garbage patch),

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage Island

text: It is thought that, like other areas of concentrated marine debris in the world's oceans, the Great Pacific garbage patch formed gradually as a result of ocean or marine pollution gathered by oceanic currents. The garbage patch occupies a large and relatively stationary region of the North Pacific Ocean bound by the North Pacific Gyre (a remote area commonly referred to as the horse latitudes). The gyre's rotational pattern draws in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off North America and Japan. As material is captured in the currents, wind-driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region.

text: It is thought that, like other areas of concentrated marine debris in the world's oceans, the Great Pacific garbage patch formed gradually as a result of ocean or marine pollution gathered by

text: oceanic currents

text: . The garbage patch occupies a large and relatively stationary region of the North Pacific Ocean bound by the North Pacific Gyre (a remote area commonly referred to as the

text: horse latitudes

text: ). The gyre's rotational pattern draws in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off North America and Japan. As material is captured in the currents, wind-driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: It is thought that, like other areas of concentrated marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: It is thought that, like other areas of concentrated marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North America and Japan.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: coastal waters off North America

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: concentrated marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the Great Pacific garbage patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: wind-driven surface currents

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine pollution gathered by oceanic currents.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Gyre

text: The great Pacific garbage patch was described in a 1988 paper published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. The description was based on results obtained by several Alaska-based researchers between 1985 and 1988 that measured neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean. Researchers found high concentrations of marine debris accumulating in regions governed by ocean currents. Extrapolating from findings in the Sea of Japan, the researchers hypothesized that similar conditions would occur in other parts of the Pacific where prevailing currents were favorable to the creation of relatively stable waters. They specifically indicated the North Pacific Gyre.

text: The great Pacific garbage patch was described in a 1988 paper published by the

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: (NOAA) of the United States. The description was based on results obtained by several Alaska-based researchers between 1985 and 1988 that measured

text: neuston

text: ic

text: plastic

text: in the North Pacific Ocean. Researchers found high concentrations of marine debris accumulating in regions governed by ocean currents. Extrapolating from findings in the

text: Sea of Japan

text: , the researchers hypothesized that similar conditions would occur in other parts of the Pacific where prevailing currents were favorable to the creation of relatively stable waters. They specifically indicated the North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: high concentrations of marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: neustonic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: neustonic plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: high concentrations of marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

text: The principal effect on BV in everyday life is the organism's current diet, although many other factors such as age, health, weight, sex, etc. all have an effect. In short any condition which can affect the organism's metabolism will vary the BV of a protein source.

text: The principal effect on BV in everyday life is the organism's current diet, although many other factors such as age, health, weight, sex, etc. all have an effect. In short any condition which can affect the organism's metabolism will vary the BV of a protein source.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can have a negative effect on marine life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: BV

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: diet,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The principal effect on BV in everyday life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The principal effect on BV

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The principal effect on BV

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The principal effect on BV in everyday life is the organism's

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The principal effect on BV in everyday life

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: principal effect on BV in everyday life is the organism's current diet,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The principal effect on BV in everyday life

text: In waterways with large amounts of floating debris, various permanently installed "trash rakes" may be required to reduce the labor required for regular cleaning.

text: In waterways with large amounts of floating debris, various permanently installed "trash rakes" may be required to reduce the labor required for regular cleaning.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are a major problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a source of pollution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: floating debris,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "trash rakes"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: floating debris,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "trash rakes"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "trash rakes"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "trash rakes"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "trash rakes"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: floating debris,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: In waterways

text: The squadron insignia for HT-28 is a tri-colored circular field featuring a dragon and torch. The tri-color field is a reference to HT-8 and HT-18 patches; an acknowledgment that HT-28 was initially established by officers from those squadrons. The deep blue section represents the US Navy and its operations over the world’s oceans. The olive green section represents the US Marine Corps and its projection of power ashore. The red section symbolizes these services’ heritage of valor and sacrifice in peace and war. The black Chinese Loong dragon symbolizes both wisdom and ferocity in battle. It is coiled around a lighted torch, which signifies knowledge passed from one generation of aviators to the next. The dragon’s helical coils, which echo da Vinci’s famous design, are another nod to the legacy of rotary wing flight. The name “Hellions” is an allusion to the word “helicopter.” Its connotation (an unruly child) is meant as an amusing reference to the pilots-in-training as they are refined into military aviators. Historically, only one other squadron has held the name “Hellions”: VMF-218, a long-disestablished Marine Fighter squadron. The Chinese dragon motif from VMF-218’s original squadron patch is carried over in the HT-28 patch partly as a nod to the legacy of the name.

text: The squadron insignia for HT-28 is a tri-colored circular field featuring a dragon and torch. The tri-color field is a reference to

text: and

text: patches; an acknowledgment that HT-28 was initially established by officers from those squadrons. The deep blue section represents the US Navy and its operations over the world’s oceans. The olive green section represents the US Marine Corps and its projection of power ashore. The red section symbolizes these services’ heritage of valor and sacrifice in peace and war. The black Chinese

text: Loong

text: dragon symbolizes both wisdom and ferocity in battle. It is coiled around a lighted torch, which signifies knowledge passed from one generation of aviators to the next. The dragon’s helical coils, which echo da Vinci’s famous design, are another nod to the legacy of rotary wing flight. The name “Hellions” is an allusion to the word “helicopter.” Its connotation (an unruly child) is meant as an amusing reference to the pilots-in-training as they are refined into military aviators. Historically, only one other squadron has held the name “Hellions”:

text: , a long-disestablished Marine Fighter squadron. The Chinese dragon motif from VMF-218’s original squadron patch is carried over in the HT-28 patch partly as a nod to the legacy of the name.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: olive green

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: deep blue section

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The deep blue section represents the US Navy

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine corps and its projection of power ashore

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: what is the name of the dragon

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: US Marine Corps

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: “helicopter.”

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: US Navy and its operations over the world’s oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: “helicopter.”

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: “helicopter.”

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: “Hellions”

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Chinese Loong dragon symbolizes both wisdom and ferocity in battle.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: US Navy and its operations over the world’s oceans.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The squadron insignia for HT-28

text: The United States and Canada and the states that border the Great Lakes have all created several laws, policies, and commissions to try to keep the Great Lakes healthy and un-polluted.  In 1909 the Boundary Waters Treaty was put into place to control the water quality in the Boundary Waters that border both the U.S. and Canada.  They created the International Joint Commission to deal with the duties of the new treaty.  With the realization of the sea lamprey explosion in the Great Lakes, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission was created to control the situation.  In 1994 the Ecosystem Charter for the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Basin was suggested as a good faith agreement.  This was an agreement to use the ecosystem as a method of management for the Great Lakes.  The Air Quality Agreement was put into place to help protect the health of not only the ecosystems of the Great Lakes but the citizens who live around them as well.  It limits the amount of toxic chemicals that are given off.  Another policy that was put into place in response to the toxic chemicals in the area of the Great Lakes occurred in 1997.  The Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy was developed to control the persistent toxic substances that bioaccumulate such as DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.  These toxins stay in ecosystems for long after they are exposed and they can cause serious damage to the plant and animal life."

text: The United States and Canada and the states that border the Great Lakes have all created several laws, policies, and commissions to try to keep the Great Lakes healthy and un-polluted.  In 1909 the Boundary Waters Treaty was put into place to control the water quality in the Boundary Waters that border both the U.S. and Canada.  They created the International Joint Commission to deal with the duties of the new treaty.  With the realization of the

text: sea lamprey

text: explosion in the Great Lakes, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission was created to control the situation.  In 1994 the Ecosystem Charter for the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Basin was suggested as a good faith agreement.  This was an agreement to use the ecosystem as a method of management for the Great Lakes.  The Air Quality Agreement was put into place to help protect the health of not only the ecosystems of the Great Lakes but the citizens who live around them as well.  It limits the amount of toxic chemicals that are given off.  Another policy that was put into place in response to the toxic chemicals in the area of the Great Lakes occurred in 1997.  The Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy was developed to control the persistent toxic substances that bioaccumulate such as DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.  These toxins stay in ecosystems for long after they are exposed and they can cause serious damage to the plant and animal life."

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DDT, PCBs, mercury and dioxins.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1909

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1909

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: These toxins stay in ecosystems for long after they are exposed

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Lakes healthy and un-polluted.

text: During a Pacific storm on 10 January 1992, three 40-foot containers holding 29,000 Friendly Floatees plastic bathtub toys from a Chinese factory were washed off a ship, containing blue turtles, yellow ducks, red beavers, and green frogs. Two-thirds of the toys floated south and landed three months later on the shores of Indonesia, Australia, and South America. The remaining 10,000 toys headed north to Alaska and then completed a full circle back near Japan, caught up in the North Pacific Gyre current as the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Many of the toys then entered the Bering Strait between Alaska and Russia and were trapped in the Arctic ice. They moved through the ice at a rate of one mile per day, and in 2000 they were sighted in the North Atlantic. The movement of the toys had been monitored by American oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer. Bleached by sun and seawater, the ducks and beavers had faded to white, but the turtles and frogs had kept their original colours.

text: During a Pacific storm on 10 January 1992, three 40-foot containers holding 29,000

text: Friendly Floatees

text: plastic bathtub toys from a Chinese factory were washed off a ship, containing blue turtles, yellow ducks, red beavers, and green frogs. Two-thirds of the toys floated south and landed three months later on the shores of Indonesia, Australia, and South America. The remaining 10,000 toys headed north to Alaska and then completed a full circle back near Japan, caught up in the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: current as the so-called

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . Many of the toys then entered the

text: Bering Strait

text: between

text: Alaska

text: and Russia and were trapped in the

text: Arctic

text: ice. They moved through the ice at a rate of one mile per day, and in 2000 they were sighted in the North

text: Atlantic

text: . The movement of the toys had been monitored by American

text: oceanographer

text: Curtis Ebbesmeyer

text: . Bleached by sun and seawater, the ducks and beavers had faded to white, but the turtles and frogs had kept their original colours.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 29,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic bathtub toys

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10,000

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic bathtub toys

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic bathtub toys

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 29,000 Friendly Floatees

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Gyre

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Bleached by sun and seawater,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: According to Vig, Not Your Kind of People evokes ambient vibes of Garbage's first two albums, Garbage and Version 2.0: "There's lots of elements of things we've always loved: noisy guitars, big electronic beats, atmospheric film moments", adding that the band "wanted to make a record sound like something that we want to hear when we're driving the car." While the record was reminiscent "vibe-wise" of the band's early work, the production aimed for a rawer sound, instead of cleaning up the sound through computers, to "capture a performance" and "sound kind of trashy and for the songs to blow out a little bit." Vig said, "we tried to leave a lot of the performance raw on this album. A lot of the songs, we sort of throw paint at the wall and some of it sticks and some of it drips off." He explained that the group avoided reinventing themselves: "We wanted to just embrace exactly who we are and what we like to do and just sort of update it sonically for 2012. For better or worse, when we approach a song, it's going to end up sounding like Garbage. I think we have a strong sonic identity, and I think that's an asset these days." Manson similarly noted that what mattered most was the record sounding authentic to who they are as a band. Manson considered that while the record recalled the band's classic sound "it fits in with radio programming right now"; She said that they are interested in also reaching a new generation and, regarding their distinct sound, "We don't sound like anyone else on the radio. Much to our surprise there hasn't been another band like ours since we came off the road."Like the band's earlier releases, the album features a variety of guitar configurations as well as electronic synths. Erikson said that initially they gather with the standard guitar-bass-drum and keyboard gear, and as they pass around different ideas and implement them the songs take form in any which way a session takes them. "Once we started on the album proper, it became a Garbage record, which is any number of approaches to writing a recording. There were no rules, certainly", he explained. A song like "Automatic Systematic Habit" features more electronics than guitars, and "Big Bright World", a guitar-heavy song, involves configurations that make some of the guitars sound like synths. Guitar parts are normally divvied between guitarists Marker and Erikson. Erikson said it comes down to "Whoever comes up with what at any given time. There's no job description as far as lead guitar/rhythm guitar. It's just whoever has an idea as a articular  moment. It's usually about 50/50". Erikson and Marker used a variety of guitars and pedals, old, new, and defective.

text: According to Vig, Not Your Kind of People evokes ambient vibes of Garbage's first two albums,

text: Garbage

text: and

text: Version 2.0

text: electronics

text: than guitars, and "Big Bright World", a guitar-heavy song, involves configurations that make some of the guitars sound like synths. Guitar parts are normally divvied between guitarists Marker and Erikson. Erikson said it comes down to "Whoever comes up with what at any given time. There's no job description as far as lead guitar/rhythm guitar. It's just whoever has an idea as a articular  moment. It's usually about 50/50". Erikson and Marker used a variety of guitars and pedals, old, new, and defective.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 8

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Manson considered that while the record recalled the band's classic sound "it fits in with radio programming right now

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Not Your Kind of People

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic is present as particles, confetti-like pieces and as intact trash.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: paint

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: it's going to end up sounding like Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: reinventing themselves:

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: sonic identity,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: a variety of guitar configurations as well as electronic synths.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2012.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage.

text: The cards were a parody of the popular Cabbage Patch Kids dolls and each card featured a character that typically had a gross habit, abnormality, or suffered a terrible fate. The film depicted many of the Garbage Pail Kids (played by dwarf actors in costumes) interacting with society and befriending a regular boy.

text: The cards were a parody of the popular

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: dolls and each card featured a character that typically had a gross habit, abnormality, or suffered a terrible fate. The film depicted many of the Garbage Pail Kids (played by

text: dwarf

text: actors in costumes) interacting with society and befriending a regular boy.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch Kids were a parody of the popular Cabbage Patch Kids dolls

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Garbage Pail

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: gross habit, abnormality, or suffered a terrible fate.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

text: In a not too distant future, a Plastic Bag (voice of Werner Herzog) goes on an epic journey in search of its lost Maker, wondering if there is any point to life without her. The Bag encounters strange creatures, brief love in the sky, a colony of prophetic torn bags on a fence and the unknown. To be with its own kind, the Bag goes deep under the oceans into  of spinning garbage known as the North Pacific Trash Vortex.

text: In a not too distant future, a Plastic Bag (voice of

text: Werner Herzog

text: ) goes on an epic journey in search of its lost Maker, wondering if there is any point to life without her. The Bag encounters strange creatures, brief love in the sky, a colony of prophetic torn bags on a fence and the unknown. To be with its own kind, the Bag goes deep under the oceans into  of spinning garbage known as the North

text: Pacific Trash Vortex

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastic Bag

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the North Pacific Trash Vortex

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Plastic Bag

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Plastic Bag

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: spinning garbage known as the North Pacific Trash Vortex.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Trash Vortex.

text: The  most important technical challenges in the implementation of a successful  composite patch repair are: (a) proper design of the repair patch and the  procedures that will be followed, (b) selection of the most suitable materials  and tools for the application, (c) careful surface preparation (d)  implementation of the composite patch repair and careful application of the  cure cycle, (e) non destructive evaluation of the repair by suitable  methodology and (f) monitoring of the structural integrity of the repair either  at specific time intervals either continuously.

text: The  most important technical challenges in the implementation of a successful  composite patch repair are: (a) proper design of the repair patch and the  procedures that will be followed, (b) selection of the most suitable materials  and tools for the application, (c) careful surface preparation (d)  implementation of the composite patch repair and careful application of the  cure cycle, (e) non destructive evaluation of the repair by suitable  methodology and (f) monitoring of the structural integrity of the repair either  at specific time intervals either continuously.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (c)

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: (f) monitoring of the structural integrity

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: (a) proper design

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: (f)

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (c) careful surface preparation

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: composite patch repair

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: cure cycle,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: cure cycle,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: composite patch repair

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: cure cycle,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: cure cycle,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: cure cycle,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: cure cycle,

text: Phycotoxins (from Greek, phykos, "seaweed"; and toxikon, "toxin") are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic algal secondary metabolic pathways. More simply, these are toxic chemicals synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. These metabolites are (in most cases) not harmful to the producer but may be toxic to either one or many members of the marine food web. This page focuses on phycotoxins produced by marine microalgae; however, freshwater algae and macroalgae are known phycotoxin producers and may exhibit analogous ecological dynamics.In the pelagic marine food web, phytoplankton are subjected to grazing by macro- and micro-zooplankton as well as competition for nutrients with other phytoplankton species. Marine bacteria try to obtain a share of organic carbon by maintaining symbiotic, parasitic, commensal, or predatory interactions with phytoplankton. Other bacteria will degrade dead phytoplankton or consume organic carbon released by viral lysis. The production of toxins is one strategy that phytoplankton use to deal with this broad range of predators, competitors, and parasites. Smetacek suggested that "planktonic evolution is ruled by protection and not competition. The many shapes of plankton reflect defense responses to specific attack systems". Indeed, phytoplankton retain an abundance of mechanical and chemical defense mechanisms including cell walls, spines, chain/colony formation, and toxic chemical production. These morphological and physiological features have been cited as evidence for strong predatory pressure in the marine environment. However, the importance of competition is also demonstrated by the production of phycotoxins that negatively impact other phytoplankton species.Flagellates (especially dinoflagellates) are the principle producers of phycotoxins; however, there are known toxigenic diatoms, cyanobacteria, prymnesiophytes, and raphidophytes. Because many of these allelochemicals are large and energetically expensive to produce, they are synthesized in small quantities. However, phycotoxins are known to accumulate in other organisms and can reach high concentrations during algal blooms. Additionally, as biologically active metabolites, phycotoxins may produce ecological effects at low concentrations. These effects may be subtle, but have the potential to impact the biogeographic distributions of phytoplankton and bloom dynamics.

text: Phycotoxins (from Greek, phykos, "seaweed"; and toxikon, "toxin") are complex

text: allelopathic

text: chemicals produced by

text: eukaryotic

text: and

text: prokaryotic

text: algal

text: secondary metabolic pathways

text: . More simply, these are toxic chemicals synthesized by

text: photosynthetic

text: organisms. These

text: metabolites

text: are (in most cases) not harmful to the producer but may be toxic to either one or many members of the marine food web. This page focuses on phycotoxins produced by marine

text: microalgae

text: ; however, freshwater algae and

text: macroalgae

text: are known phycotoxin producers and may exhibit analogous ecological dynamics.In the pelagic marine food web,

text: phytoplankton

text: are subjected to grazing by macro- and micro-

text: zooplankton

text: as well as competition for nutrients with other phytoplankton species. Marine

text: bacteria

text: try to obtain a share of organic carbon by maintaining

text: symbiotic

text: parasitic

text: commensal

text: , or

text: predatory

text: interactions with phytoplankton. Other bacteria will degrade dead phytoplankton or consume organic carbon released by

text: viral lysis

text: . The production of toxins is one strategy that phytoplankton use to deal with this broad range of predators, competitors, and parasites. Smetacek suggested that "planktonic evolution is ruled by protection and not

text: competition

text: . The many shapes of plankton reflect defense responses to specific attack systems". Indeed, phytoplankton retain an abundance of mechanical and chemical defense mechanisms including

text: cell walls

text: , spines, chain/

text: colony

text: formation, and toxic chemical production. These

text: morphological

text: and

text: physiological

text: features have been cited as evidence for strong predatory pressure in the marine environment. However, the importance of competition is also demonstrated by the production of phycotoxins that negatively impact other phytoplankton species.

text: Flagellate

text: s (especially

text: dinoflagellate

text: s) are the principle producers of phycotoxins; however, there are known toxigenic

text: diatoms

text: cyanobacteria

text: prymnesiophytes

text: , and

text: raphidophyte

text: s. Because many of these allelochemicals are large and energetically expensive to produce, they are synthesized in small quantities. However, phycotoxins are known to

text: accumulate

text: in other organisms and can reach high concentrations during

text: algal blooms

text: . Additionally, as biologically active

text: metabolite

text: s, phycotoxins may produce ecological effects at low concentrations. These effects may be subtle, but have the potential to impact the biogeographic distributions of phytoplankton and bloom dynamics.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Context: Phycotoxins (from Greek, phykos, "seaweed"; and toxikon, "toxin") are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic algal secondary metabolic pathways.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Phycotoxins are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic algae secondary metabolic pathways.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic is present as particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic carbon

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: phytoplankton retain an abundance of mechanical and chemical defense mechanisms

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: phytoplankton

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic chemical production.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: predatory interactions with phytoplankton.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: phytoplankton.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mechanical and chemical defense mechanisms

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: phycotoxins

text: Nutrients that do not get used up on the surface will eventually sink down and nourish the seafloor habitat. The deep benthic habitats of the ocean gyres have been thought to typically consist of some of the most food-poor regions on the planet. One of the sources of nutrients to this deep ocean habitat is marine snow. Marine snow consists of detritus, dead organic matter, which falls from the surface waters where productivity is highest and exports carbon and nitrogen from the surface mixed layer to the deep ocean. Data on the abundance of marine snow to the deep ocean floor is lacking in this large ecosystem. However, Pilskaln et al. found that in the NPSG, marine snow was at a higher abundance than expected and were surprisingly comparable to a deep coastal upwelling system.

text: Nutrients that do not get used up on the surface will eventually sink down and nourish the seafloor habitat. The deep

text: benthic habitats

text: of the ocean gyres have been thought to typically consist of some of the most food-poor regions on the planet. One of the sources of nutrients to this deep ocean habitat is

text: marine snow

text: . Marine snow consists of detritus, dead organic matter, which falls from the surface waters where productivity is highest and exports carbon and nitrogen from the surface mixed layer to the deep ocean. Data on the abundance of marine snow to the deep

text: ocean floor

text: is lacking in this large ecosystem. However, Pilskaln et al. found that in the NPSG, marine snow was at a higher abundance than expected and were surprisingly comparable to a deep coastal upwelling system.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine snow

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine snow

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine snow

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine snow

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: carbon and nitrogen

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dead organic matter,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine snow.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: deep benthic habitats of the ocean gyres

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: marine snow.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NPSG,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dead organic matter,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: marine snow.

text: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed.

text: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of

text: memory leak

text: s by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: none

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: managed memory

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be recycled

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Managed memory

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Managed memory

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed;

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed;

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed;

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: memory leaks

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed;

text: Project Kaisei (from 海星, kaisei, "ocean planet" in Japanese) is a scientific and commercial mission to study and clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a large body of floating debris trapped in the Pacific Ocean by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre. Discovered by NOAA, the patch is estimated to contain 20 times the density of floating debris compared to the global average. The project aims to study the extent and nature of the debris with a view to capturing, detoxifying, and recycling the material, and is organised by the Ocean Voyages Institute, a California-based 501c3 non-profit organisation dealing with marine preservation. The project is based in San Francisco and Hong Kong.

text: Project Kaisei (from 海星, kaisei, "ocean planet" in

text: Japanese

text: ) is a scientific and commercial mission to study and clean up the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: , a large body of floating debris trapped in the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: by the currents of the

text: North Pacific Gyre

text: . Discovered by

text: NOAA

text: , the patch is estimated to contain 20 times the density of floating debris compared to the global average. The project aims to study the extent and nature of the debris with a view to capturing, detoxifying, and recycling the material, and is organised by the Ocean Voyages Institute, a California-based

text: non-profit organisation dealing with marine preservation. The project is based in

text: San Francisco

text: and

text: Hong Kong

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: the global average

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 20 times the density of floating debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 20 times the density of floating debris compared to the global average.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Project Kaisei

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 20 times the density of floating debris compared to the global average.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: currents of the North Pacific Gyre.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: North Pacific Gyre.

text: Secutor is a genus of ponyfishes native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

text: Secutor is a

text: genus

text: of

text: ponyfish

text: es native to the

text: Indian Ocean

text: and the western

text: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Indian Ocean

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Secutor

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

text: Toxic chemicals mainly include organic compounds and inorganic compounds. These compounds include pesticides like DDT, acids, and salts that have severe effects to the ecosystem and water-bodies. These compounds can threaten the health of both humans and aquatic species while being resistant to environmental breakdown, thus allowing them to persist in the environment. These toxic chemicals could come from croplands, nurseries, orchards, building sites, gardens, lawns and landfills.

text: Toxic chemicals mainly include

text: organic compounds

text: and

text: inorganic compounds

text: . These compounds include pesticides like

text: DDT

text: , acids, and salts that have severe effects to the ecosystem and water-bodies. These compounds can threaten the health of both humans and aquatic species while being resistant to environmental breakdown, thus allowing them to persist in the environment. These toxic chemicals could come from croplands, nurseries, orchards, building sites, gardens, lawns and landfills.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: landfills

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can threaten the health of both humans and aquatic species

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: landfills.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: landfills.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DDT, acids, and salts

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DDT,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: landfills.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Toxic chemicals mainly include organic compounds and inorganic compounds.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: resistant to environmental breakdown,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: landfills.

text: Texas A&M University at Galveston is an ocean-oriented branch campus of Texas A&M University offering undergraduate degrees in marine biology, marine fisheries, marine engineering technology, marine sciences, marine transportation, maritime administration, maritime studies, maritime systems engineering, oceans and coastal resources, and university studies such as marine environmental law and policy. In addition, the graduate programs include: a masters of marine resources management and a masters or Ph.D. (thesis and non-thesis) in marine biology.

text: Texas A&M University at Galveston

text: is an ocean-oriented branch campus of

text: Texas A&M University

text: offering undergraduate degrees in

text: marine biology

text: marine fisheries

text: marine engineering

text: technology,

text: marine sciences

text: marine transportation

text: , maritime administration, maritime studies, maritime systems engineering,

text: oceans

text: and

text: coastal

text: resources, and university studies such as marine

text: environmental law

text: and policy. In addition, the graduate programs include: a masters of marine resources management and a masters or Ph.D. (thesis and non-thesis) in marine biology.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: coastal resources,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Texas A&M University at Galveston

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine environmental law and policy.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: marine engineering technology,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Texas A&M University at Galveston

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Texas A&M University at Galveston

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Texas A&M University at Galveston

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine biology,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Texas A&M University at Galveston

text: While being developed at DM, the game's source code was protected by encrypting the files and patching the machine's copy of ITS to not allow access to the directory containing the source code. One enterprising MIT hacker was able to re-patch the OS to allow access to the directory. He copied the source directory to a TOPS-20 machine and began trying every possible password until the files were readable. Bob Supnik, a programmer from Digital Equipment Corporation, used the decrypted source to create a Fortran IV port, which allowed the game to run on the smaller PDP-11. Bob released his version in January 1978.

text: While being developed at DM, the game's source code was protected by encrypting the files and patching the machine's copy of ITS to not allow access to the directory containing the

text: source code

text: . One enterprising MIT hacker was able to re-patch the OS to allow access to the directory. He copied the source directory to a TOPS-20 machine and began trying every possible password until the files were readable. Bob Supnik, a programmer from

text: Digital Equipment Corporation

text: , used the decrypted source to create a

text: Fortran IV

text: port, which allowed the game to run on the smaller

text: . Bob released his version in January 1978.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1978.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: PDP-11.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: While being developed at DM,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ITS

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: PDP-11.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1978.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1978.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: While being developed at DM,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: While being developed at DM,

text: There are also several traps currently on the market. The more effective ones are the Beetlejail Baitable, Hood Trap, the Freeman Beetle Trap, the West trap, the Australian, AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster. All these traps use non-toxic oil to suffocate the beetles. This allows beekeepers to avoid having toxic chemicals in their beehives.

text: There are also several traps currently on the market. The more effective ones are the Beetlejail Baitable, Hood Trap, the Freeman Beetle Trap, the West trap, the Australian, AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster. All these traps use non-toxic oil to suffocate the beetles. This allows beekeepers to avoid having toxic chemicals in their beehives.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: traps

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: toxic chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: AJ's Beetle Eater and the Beetle Blaster.

text: Baiganwadi is located between Shivaji Nagar No :1 and Mankhurd. Mumbai's largest waste dumping ground is to its north, and to the east is the Thane Creek. The Baiganwadi slum is located in the suburb  of Mumbai. This densely populated slum houses many people from illegal immigrants from Bangladesh to people who came to Mumbai dreaming of a fortune, but their aspiration failing, resulting in settlement in the slum. Mumbai is often seen as the land where even illiterates can make a fortune. However, that is not the reality. Many who leave their homes and everything they had in order to purse a fortune in Mumbai could not find a place to sleep on the streets of Mumbai will find themselves in Baiganwadi.The Baiganwadi slum is located near Mumbai’s oldest and largest trash dumping site, where all of the city’s trash is dumped. Over 200,000 people live in the Baiganwadi slum. The slum is surrounded by mountains of garbage from the dumping site, which can be hazardous to its residents.

text: Baiganwadi is located between Shivaji Nagar No :1 and

text: Mankhurd

text: . Mumbai's largest waste dumping ground is to its north, and to the east is the

text: Thane Creek

text: . The Baiganwadi slum is located in the suburb  of Mumbai. This densely populated slum houses many people from

text: illegal immigrants

text: from Bangladesh to people who came to Mumbai dreaming of a fortune, but their aspiration failing, resulting in settlement in the slum. Mumbai is often seen as the land where even illiterates can make a fortune. However, that is not the reality. Many who leave their homes and everything they had in order to purse a fortune in Mumbai could not find a place to sleep on the streets of Mumbai will find themselves in Baiganwadi.The Baiganwadi

text: slum

text: is located near Mumbai’s oldest and largest trash

text: dumping site

text: , where all of the city’s trash is dumped. Over 200,000 people live in the Baiganwadi slum. The slum is surrounded by mountains of garbage from the dumping site, which can be hazardous to its residents.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Mumbai

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mumbai's largest waste dumping ground

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can be hazardous to its residents?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Thane Creek.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: illegal immigrants from Bangladesh

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash is dumped.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Thane Creek.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The slum is surrounded by mountains of garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Mumbai’s oldest and largest trash dumping site,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Thane Creek.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Mumbai’s oldest and largest trash dumping site,

text: A large number of groups and individuals are active in preventing or educating about marine debris. For example, 5 Gyres is an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in the oceans, and was one of two organizations that recently researched the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Heal the Bay is another organization, focusing on protecting California's Santa Monica Bay, by sponsoring beach cleanup programs along with other activities. Marina DeBris is an artist focusing most of her recent work on educating people about beach trash.Interactive sites like Adrift demonstrate where marine plastic is carried, over time, on the worlds ocean currents.On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist Maria Cristina Finucci founded The Garbage patch state at UNESCO –Paris in front of Director General Irina Bokova . First of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

text: A large number of groups and individuals are active in preventing or educating about marine debris. For example,

text: 5 Gyres

text: is an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in the oceans, and was one of two organizations that recently researched the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Heal the Bay

text: is another organization, focusing on protecting

text: California

text: 's

text: Santa Monica Bay

text: , by sponsoring beach cleanup programs along with other activities.

text: Marina DeBris

text: is an artist focusing most of her recent work on educating people about beach trash.Interactive sites like Adrift demonstrate where marine plastic is carried, over time, on the worlds ocean currents.On April 11, 2013 in order to create awareness, artist

text: Maria Cristina Finucci

text: founded The

text: Garbage patch state

text: at

text: UNESCO

text: –Paris in front of Director General

text: Irina Bokova

text: . First of a series of events under the patronage of

text: UNESCO

text: and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastics pollution in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastics pollution in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: reducing plastics pollution in the oceans,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine plastic is carried, over time, on the worlds ocean currents.On

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The program's purpose is to reduce the amount of waste shipped to landfills by turning organic waste into compost. The programs collect kitchen and related organic waste (typically including soiled paper products, pet waste, sawdust, and similar items) using a waist-high green curbside container, for which the programs are named. The municipality picks up the waste on a regular basis along with other garbage and recycling collecting, and composts it in an industrial composting facility. While it is true that home composting can also serve this purpose, the green bin programs are viewed as being more convenient and more inclusive of source materials.

text: The program's purpose is to reduce the amount of waste shipped to landfills by turning

text: organic waste

text: into

text: compost

text: . The programs collect kitchen and related organic waste (typically including soiled paper products, pet waste, sawdust, and similar items) using a waist-high green curbside container, for which the programs are named. The municipality picks up the waste on a regular basis along with other

text: garbage

text: and

text: recycling

text: collecting, and composts it in an industrial

text: composting

text: facility. While it is true that

text: home composting

text: can also serve this purpose, the green bin programs are viewed as being more convenient and more inclusive of source materials.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: landfills

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can also serve this purpose

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: organic waste into compost.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: waste shipped to landfills

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: pet waste,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: waist-high green curbside container,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: compost.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: industrial composting facility.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: compost.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: compost.

text: Styx, The Exterminator, and Moonbugs set CGA 320x200x4 mode on the title screen by directly manipulating the video registers; this causes them to display a screen full of garbage on later video cards. The in-game graphics also will only occupy half the screen due to technical differences between CGA and EGA/VGA, however the games can be patched to work correctly on VGA.

text: Styx, The Exterminator, and Moonbugs set CGA 320x200x4 mode on the title screen by directly manipulating the video registers; this causes them to display a screen full of garbage on later video cards. The in-game graphics also will only occupy half the screen due to technical differences between CGA and EGA/VGA, however the games can be

text: patched

text: to work correctly on VGA.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: CGA

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 320x200x4

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: video cards.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Styx, The Exterminator,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Styx,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the games can be patched to work correctly on VGA.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 320x200x4

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Styx, The Exterminator, and Moonbugs

text: The plastic bags that gets dumped in the Pacific Ocean would all eventually end up in the Great Pacific garbage patch. 80% of the plastic waste comes from land while the rest of the 20% comes from oil platforms and ships. The waste in the Pacific Ocean are bigger than dumps in land which makes it an issue for marine animals. This large amount of plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean could be eaten up by marine animals, and this will end up blocking up their breathing passages and stomach. Plastic bags not only stay in the Great Pacific garbage patch, it could be washed back up to shore in beaches around the world.

text: The plastic bags that gets dumped in the Pacific Ocean would all eventually end up in the

text: Great Pacific garbage patch

text: . 80% of the plastic waste comes from land while the rest of the 20% comes from oil platforms and ships. The waste in the Pacific Ocean are bigger than dumps in land which makes it an issue for marine animals. This large amount of plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean could be eaten up by marine animals, and this will end up blocking up their breathing passages and stomach. Plastic bags not only stay in the Great Pacific garbage patch, it could be washed back up to shore in beaches around the world.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: could be eaten up by marine animals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the best title for this passage?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it could be eaten up by marine animals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: land

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: oil platforms

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: marine animals.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: blocking up their breathing passages and stomach.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific garbage patch.

text: Despite critical acclaim, Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded amidst the troubled production of fourth album Bleed Like Me, but regrouped to complete the album, which was released in 2005 and peaked at a career-high No. 4 in the US. The band cut short their concert tour in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus", emphasizing that they had not broken up, but wished to pursue personal interests. The hiatus was briefly interrupted in 2007, as Garbage recorded new tracks for greatest hits retrospective Absolute Garbage. Garbage ultimately regrouped in 2011, releasing Not Your Kind of People in 2012 and Strange Little Birds in 2016, via the band's own independent label, Stunvolume.

text: Despite critical acclaim, Garbage's 2001 third album

text: Beautiful Garbage

text: failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded amidst the troubled production of fourth album

text: Bleed Like Me

text: , but regrouped to complete the album, which was released in 2005 and peaked at a career-high No. 4 in the US. The band cut short their concert tour in support of Bleed Like Me announcing an "indefinite hiatus", emphasizing that they had not broken up, but wished to pursue personal interests. The hiatus was briefly interrupted in 2007, as Garbage recorded new tracks for

text: greatest hits

text: retrospective

text: Absolute Garbage

text: . Garbage ultimately regrouped in 2011, releasing

text: Not Your Kind of People

text: in 2012 and

text: Strange Little Birds

text: in 2016, via the band's own independent label, Stunvolume.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage quietly disbanded

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 4 in the US.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage's 2001 third album Beautiful Garbage

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Bleed Like Me,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Bleed Like Me,

text: During the Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiments (SOFeX), DMS concentrations increased by a factor of four inside the fertilized patch.  Widescale iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean could lead to significant sulfur-triggered cooling in addition to that due to the increased  uptake and that due to the ocean's albedo increase, however the amount of cooling by this particular effect is very uncertain.

text: During the Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiments (SOFeX), DMS concentrations increased by a factor of four inside the fertilized patch.  Widescale iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean could lead to significant sulfur-triggered cooling in addition to that due to the increased  uptake and that due to the ocean's albedo increase, however the amount of cooling by this particular effect is very uncertain.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: DMS concentrations

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: DMS concentrations

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: four

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: DMS concentrations increased by a factor of four

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: four

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: four

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: DMS

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: DMS concentrations increased by a factor of four

text: In 2015, Biotherm announced Christy Turlington  and Candice Swanepoel as new faces of the brand. Italian Olympic Swimmer Luca Dotto was named ambassador for men skincare range Biotherm Homme. The brand sponsored the Aquapower Expedition project led by German windsurfer Florian Jung: a team of athletes and scientists crossed the Atlantic Ocean on a catamaran to raise awareness on aquatic pollution, filming the Atlantic Garbage Patch and other endangered areas.

text: In 2015, Biotherm announced

text: Christy Turlington

text: and

text: Candice Swanepoel

text: as new faces of the brand. Italian Olympic Swimmer

text: Luca Dotto

text: was named ambassador for men skincare range Biotherm Homme. The brand sponsored the Aquapower Expedition project led by German windsurfer

text: Florian Jung

text: : a team of athletes and scientists crossed the

text: Atlantic Ocean

text: on a catamaran to raise awareness on aquatic pollution, filming the

text: Atlantic Garbage Patch

text: and other endangered areas.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: aquatic pollution,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Atlantic Garbage Patch

text: Midway Atoll, in common with all the Hawaiian Islands, receives substantial amounts of marine debris from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Consisting of ninety percent plastic, this debris accumulates on the beaches of Midway. This garbage represents a hazard to the bird population of the island. Twenty tons of plastic debris washes up on Midway every year, with five tons of that debris being fed to Albatross chicks. The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service estimates at least  of plastic washes up every week.

text: Midway Atoll, in common with all the

text: Hawaiian Islands

text: , receives substantial amounts of

text: marine debris

text: from the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: . Consisting of ninety percent plastic, this debris accumulates on the beaches of Midway. This garbage represents a hazard to the bird population of the island. Twenty tons of plastic debris washes up on Midway every year, with five tons of that debris being fed to Albatross chicks. The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service estimates at least  of plastic washes up every week.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: twenty tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ninety percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: five tons of that debris being fed to Albatross chicks.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: He was mechanic and pilot for an amphibious aircraft, the Grumman Albatross, for Billabong, which he piloted for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Project for GreenLandOceanBlue.

text: He was mechanic and pilot for an amphibious aircraft, the

text: Grumman Albatross

text: , for

text: Billabong

text: , which he piloted for the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Project for GreenLandOceanBlue.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Grumman

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: GreenLandOceanBlue.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: GreenLandOceanBlue.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch Project

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch Project for GreenLandOceanBlue.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: Anticipating the obstruction of the water flow from north to south by the growing garbage mounds, the government directed the civic body to transfer  to the forest department. After this, the state government will acquire patches of land in the northern (adjacent to Velachery–Tambaram road) and southeastern parts of the marshland, measuring about , to protect the ecosystem in its totality from becoming an open dumpyard. Save Pallikaranai, a campaign for protecting an ecologically sensitive environment despite urban pressures, has achieved significant success owing to people’s participation, sustained media support and a responsive government.

text: Anticipating the obstruction of the water flow from north to south by the growing garbage mounds, the government directed the civic body to transfer  to the forest department. After this, the state government will acquire patches of land in the northern (adjacent to Velachery–Tambaram road) and southeastern parts of the marshland, measuring about , to protect the ecosystem in its totality from becoming an open dumpyard. Save Pallikaranai, a campaign for protecting an ecologically sensitive environment despite urban pressures, has achieved significant success owing to people’s participation, sustained media support and a responsive government.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: about

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: urban

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: southeastern parts of the marshland,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: urban

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage mounds,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Save Pallikaranai,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage mounds,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: north to south

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: about,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: obstruction of the water flow

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage mounds,

text: Despite running on a platform stressing the elimination of the Old Regular machine, after his election Morrison quickly built his own political organization, the Crescent City Democratic Association. The  CCDA began finding its supporters jobs in City Hall and in municipal construction contracts. In October 1946, Morrison broke a garbage collectors' strike by organizing volunteer scab labor to take over the duties of the strikers. Morrison's organization's power quickly eclipsed that of the Old Regulars, and he secured easy re-elections in 1950, 1954, and 1958.

text: Despite running on a platform stressing the elimination of the Old Regular machine, after his election Morrison quickly built his own political organization, the Crescent City Democratic Association. The  CCDA began finding its supporters jobs in City Hall and in municipal construction contracts. In October 1946, Morrison broke a garbage collectors' strike by organizing volunteer scab labor to take over the duties of the strikers. Morrison's organization's power quickly eclipsed that of the Old Regulars, and he secured easy re-elections in 1950, 1954, and 1958.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 50

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Morrison broke a garbage collectors' strike

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: municipal construction contracts. In October 1946,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage collectors' strike

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Morrison broke a garbage collectors' strike

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Old Regular machine,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Old Regular machine,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Morrison broke a garbage collectors' strike

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Crescent City Democratic Association.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Old Regular machine,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Crescent City Democratic Association.

text: Much of the hazard posed by dioxins and PCBs comes from their environmental persistence and their lipophilic nature, resulting their propensity to accumulate in the food chain, particularity in the fat of animals. About 80% of human exposure to dioxins and PCBs comes from animal derived foods e.g. poultry, beef and dairy. However, the health effects and risks of long-term, low-level exposure to the general public cannot be observed directly, and are highly controversial. It is not known if the dose response relationship at low-levels of exposure is sub-linear or linear, or has a threshold i.e. harmless at very low levels. Risk assessments are further complicated by the observation that contamination typically involves a complex mixture of related chemicals, the toxicity of each varies and has to be factored according to its Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) (where TCDD = 1). The product of TEF is the Toxic Equivalency Quantity (TEQ), and it is this value that is used in risk assessments (an on-line Toxic Equivalency Quantity Calculator).

text: Much of the hazard posed by dioxins and PCBs comes from their

text: environmental persistence

text: and their

text: lipophilic

text: nature, resulting their propensity to accumulate in the

text: food chain

text: , particularity in the fat of animals. About 80% of human exposure to dioxins and PCBs comes from animal derived foods e.g. poultry, beef and dairy. However, the health effects and risks of long-term, low-level exposure to the general public cannot be observed directly, and are highly controversial. It is not known if the

text: dose response

text: relationship at low-levels of exposure is sub-linear or

text: linear

text: , or has a

text: threshold

text: i.e. harmless at very low levels. Risk assessments are further complicated by the observation that contamination typically involves a complex mixture of

text: related chemicals

text: , the toxicity of each varies and has to be factored according to its Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) (where

text: TCDD

text: = 1). The product of TEF is the Toxic Equivalency Quantity (TEQ), and it is this value that is used in risk assessments (an on-line Toxic Equivalency Quantity Calculator).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: dioxins

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: dioxins and PCBs

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: animal derived foods

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: dioxins and PCBs

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: dioxins and PCBs

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: dioxins and PCBs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: dioxins and PCBs comes from their environmental persistence

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: their environmental persistence and their lipophilic nature,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Much of the hazard posed by dioxins

text: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion. Undeletion is possible on all FAT file systems, with undeletion utilities provicded since MS-DOS 5.0 and DR DOS 6.0 in 1991. It is not supported by most modern UNIX file systems, though AdvFS is a notable exception. The ext2 file system has an add-on program called e2undel which allows file undeletion. The similar ext3 file system does not officially support undeletion, but ext3grep was written to automate the undeletion of ext3 volumes. Undelete was proposed in ext4, but is yet to be implemented. However, a trash bin feature was posted as a patch on December 4, 2006. The Trash bin feature uses undeleteattributes in ext2/3/4 and Reiser file systems.

text: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion. Undeletion is possible on all

text: FAT

text: file systems, with undeletion utilities provicded since

text: MS-DOS 5.0

text: and

text: DR DOS 6.0

text: in 1991. It is not supported by most modern

text: UNIX

text: file systems, though

text: AdvFS

text: is a notable exception. The

text: file system has an add-on program called e2undel which allows file undeletion. The similar

text: file system does not officially support undeletion, but

text: was written to automate the undeletion of ext3 volumes. Undelete was proposed in

text: , but is yet to be implemented. However, a trash bin feature was posted as a patch on December 4, 2006. The Trash bin feature uses undeleteattributes in ext2/3/4 and Reiser file systems.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: e2undel which allows file undeletion

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: AdvFS

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2006.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: undeletion.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: e2undel

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash bin feature was posted as a patch on December 4, 2006.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1991.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion.

text: The North Pacific Gyre, located in the northern Pacific Ocean, is one of the five major oceanic gyres. This gyre covers most of the northern Pacific Ocean. It is the largest ecosystem on Earth, located between the equator and 50° N latitude, and comprising 20 million square kilometers.The gyre has a clockwise circular pattern and is formed by four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. It is the site of an unusually intense collection of man-made marine debris, known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: The North Pacific Gyre, located in the northern

text: Pacific Ocean

text: , is one of the five major

text: oceanic gyre

text: s. This gyre covers most of the northern

text: Pacific Ocean

text: . It is the largest ecosystem on Earth, located between the

text: equator

text: and

text: 50° N latitude

text: , and comprising 20 million square kilometers.The gyre has a clockwise circular pattern and is formed by four prevailing

text: ocean current

text: s: the

text: North Pacific Current

text: to the north, the

text: California Current

text: to the east, the

text: North Equatorial Current

text: to the south, and the

text: Kuroshio Current

text: to the west. It is the site of an unusually intense collection of man-made

text: marine debris

text: , known as the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The gyre has a clockwise circular pattern

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made marine debris

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: marine debris,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: man-made

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The North Pacific Gyre,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: man-made marine debris,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

text: There has been some controversy surrounding the use of the term "garbage patch" and photos taken off the coast of Manilla in the Philippines in attempts to portray the patch in the media often misrepresenting the true scope of the problem and what could be done to solve it.  Dr Angelicque White, Associate Professor at Oregon State University, who has studied the "garbage patch" in depth, warns that “the use of the phrase ‘garbage patch’ is misleading. ... It is not visible from space; there are no islands of trash; it is more akin to a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans." In the article Dr. White and Professor Tamara Galloway, from the University of Exeter, call for regulation and cleanup and state that the focus should be on stemming the flow of plastic into the ocean from coastal sources.

text: There has been some controversy surrounding the use of the term "garbage patch" and photos taken off the coast of Manilla in the Philippines in attempts to portray the patch in the media often misrepresenting the true scope of the problem and what could be done to solve it.  Dr Angelicque White, Associate Professor at Oregon State University, who has studied the "garbage patch" in depth, warns that “the use of the phrase ‘garbage patch’ is misleading. ... It is not visible from space; there are no islands of trash; it is more akin to a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans." In the article Dr. White and Professor Tamara Galloway, from the University of Exeter, call for regulation and cleanup and state that the focus should be on stemming the flow of plastic into the ocean from coastal sources.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: coastal sources

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans."

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans."

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: It is not visible from space; there are no islands of trash;

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: islands of trash;

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans."

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: a diffuse soup of plastic floating in our oceans."

text: The word "Alay" or "Alayen" has no exact meaning or obvious derivation. Various definitions of alay are offered when one types it on a search engine. One theory that is widely accepted is that "Alay" is a portmanteau of the term "Anak Layangan" (Indonesian: Kiteflyer), a pejorative describing someone having certain physical attributes from spending most of their time outside and getting sunburnt (e.g. reddened hair and skin). Also kite is considered as cheap entertainment to the middle and lower class in modern Indonesia, stereotyping alay as a part of that class. Alay is also consider as people who have these traits; Throwing garbage not in the trash can and also love to creates commotion.

text: The word "Alay" or "Alayen" has no exact meaning or obvious derivation. Various definitions of alay are offered when one types it on a

text: search engine

text: . One theory that is widely accepted is that "Alay" is a

text: portmanteau

text: of the term "Anak Layangan" (

text: Indonesian

text: : Kiteflyer), a pejorative describing someone having certain physical attributes from spending most of their time outside and getting sunburnt (e.g. reddened hair and skin). Also kite is considered as cheap entertainment to the middle and lower class in modern Indonesia, stereotyping alay as a part of that class. Alay is also consider as people who have these traits; Throwing garbage not in the trash can and also love to creates commotion.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a noxious substance

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Throwing garbage not in the trash can

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Alay"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Throwing garbage not in the trash can

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Anak Layangan"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Throwing garbage not in the trash can

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Alay"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Anak Layangan"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Throwing garbage not in the trash can

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Throwing garbage not in the trash can

text: According to Strongman, "Trash" may have been the most "passionate" of all the New York Dolls' songs. Music journalist Tony Fletcher later said that, as with "Personality Crisis" and "Jet Boy", the addition of background vocals and piano helped make "Trash" into an anthemic glitter rock song, while Kirk Lake cited it as a protopunk classic in The Rough Guide to Rock (2003).

text: According to Strongman, "Trash" may have been the most "passionate" of all the New York Dolls' songs. Music journalist

text: Tony Fletcher

text: later said that, as with "Personality Crisis" and "

text: Jet Boy

text: ", the addition of background vocals and piano helped make "Trash" into an anthemic glitter rock song, while Kirk Lake cited it as a

text: protopunk

text: classic in

text: The Rough Guide to Rock

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: (2003).

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: New York Dolls'

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Personality Crisis"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: (2003).

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Trash"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: anthemic glitter rock song,

text: Table 2.  Relative toxicities of chemicals

text: Table 2.  Relative toxicities of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: toxicities of chemicals in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalic acid

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: gyre

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities of chemicals

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemicals

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Table 2. Relative toxicities of chemicals

text: The SUPER HI-CAT research cruise was the first effort to study the microbial communities and the biogeochemistry associated with the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]  The study was conducted aboard the RV Kilo Moana (T-AGOR-26) between August 25, 2008 and September 5, 2008 by researchers from UH Manoa, Oregon State University, and the Algalita Marine Research Foundation.

text: The SUPER HI-CAT research cruise was the first effort to study the

text: microbial communities

text: and the

text: biogeochemistry

text: associated with the

text: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

text: .[1]  The study was conducted aboard the

text: RV Kilo Moana (T-AGOR-26)

text: between August 25, 2008 and September 5, 2008 by researchers from

text: UH Manoa

text: Oregon State University

text: , and the

text: Algalita Marine Research Foundation

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: microbial communities and the biogeochemistry

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[1]

text: "Breaking Up the Girl" was written and recorded by Garbage between April 2000 and May 2001 at Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin during the year-long writing sessions for Beautiful Garbage. At some point in this period of time, Shirley Manson had overheard the rest of the band working on the body of the song, and was inspired to write the melody and lyrics. During the development of the song, Garbage experimented with Beatles-like harmonies and ad-libs over the coda. and layered a vocal from Manson onto a matching guitar part. "We sampled her going 'aah' and Duke played guitar," Butch Vig explained,"and that made it sound like a weird little melodic quote, not necessarily a vocal part". Although it was one of the album's straightforward rock songs, Garbage couldn't agree on the bass/kickdrum pattern in the chorus, trying various transmutations of a one-bar phrase. Using his Fender Precision Bass and pick, session musician Daniel Shulman created a McCartney-esque bass movement for the verse. Vig felt that the strumming of the guitar chords gave the song a Big Star feel.

text: "Breaking Up the Girl" was written and recorded by Garbage between April 2000 and May 2001 at

text: Smart Studios

text: in

text: Madison

text: Wisconsin

text: during the year-long writing sessions for Beautiful Garbage. At some point in this period of time,

text: Shirley Manson

text: had overheard the rest of the band working on the body of the song, and was inspired to write the

text: melody

text: and

text: lyrics

text: . During the development of the song, Garbage experimented with

text: Beatles-like

text: harmonies

text: and

text: ad-libs

text: over the

text: coda

text: . and layered a vocal from Manson onto a matching guitar part. "We sampled her going 'aah' and Duke played guitar,"

text: Butch Vig

text: explained,"and that made it sound like a weird little melodic quote, not necessarily a vocal part". Although it was one of the album's straightforward

text: rock

text: songs, Garbage couldn't agree on the

text: bass

text: kickdrum

text: pattern in the

text: chorus

text: , trying various transmutations of a

text: one-bar

text: phrase

text: . Using his

text: Fender Precision Bass

text: and

text: pick

text: , session musician

text: Daniel Shulman

text: created a

text: McCartney-esque

text: bass

text: movement

text: for the

text: verse

text: . Vig felt that the

text: strumming

text: of the

text: guitar chords

text: gave the song a

text: Big Star

text: feel.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Wisconsin

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage experimented with Beatles-like harmonies

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Wisconsin

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Wisconsin

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Breaking Up the Girl"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Breaking Up the Girl"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Beautiful Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2001

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Breaking Up the Girl"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Breaking Up the Girl"

text: Organic matter that is deposited in marine sediments contains a key indicator as to its source and the processes it underwent before reaching the floor as well as after deposition, its carbon to nitrogen ratio. In the global oceans, freshly produced algae in the surface ocean typically have a carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 4 to 10. However, it has been observed that only 10% of this organic matter (algae) produced in the surface ocean sinks to the deep ocean without being degraded by bacteria in transit, and only about 1% is permanently buried in the sediment. An important process called sediment diagenesis accounts for the other 9% of organic carbon that sank to the deep ocean floor, but was not permanently buried, that is 9% of the total organic carbon produced is degraded in the deep ocean.  The microbial communities utilizing the sinking organic carbon as an energy source are partial to nitrogen-rich compounds because much of these bacterium are nitrogen-limited and much prefer it over carbon. As a result, the carbon to nitrogen ratio of sinking organic carbon in the deep ocean is elevated compared to fresh surface ocean organic matter that had not been degraded. An exponential increase in C/N ratios is observed with increasing water depth—with C/N ratios reaching 10 at intermediate water depths of about 1000 meters, and up to 15 in the deep ocean (~ >2500 meters). This elevated C/N signature is preserved in the sediment, until another form of diagenesis, post-depositional diagenesis, alters its C/N signature once again. Post-depositional diagenesis occurs in organic-carbon-poor marine sediments where bacteria are able to oxidize organic matter in aerobic conditions as an energy source. The oxidation reaction proceeds as follows: CHO + HO → CO + 4H + 4e, with a standard free energy of –27.4 kJ mol (half reaction). Once all of the oxygen is used up, bacteria are able to carry out an anoxic sequence of chemical reactions as an energy source, all with negative ∆G°r values, with the reaction becoming less favorable as the chain of reactions proceeds.

text: Organic matter that is deposited in marine sediments contains a key indicator as to its source and the processes it underwent before reaching the floor as well as after deposition, its carbon to nitrogen ratio. In the global oceans, freshly produced algae in the surface ocean typically have a carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 4 to 10. However, it has been observed that only 10% of this organic matter (algae) produced in the surface ocean sinks to the deep ocean without being degraded by bacteria in transit, and only about 1% is permanently buried in the sediment. An important process called sediment

text: diagenesis

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: organic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: organic matter

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous to living things

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: degraded.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: had not been degraded.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: CHO + HO <unk> CO + 4H + 4e,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: organic-carbon-poo

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: carbon

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1000 meters,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: degraded.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: An exponential increase in C/N ratios is observed with increasing water depth—with

text: Manson's musical career began in her teens when she was approached to perform backing vocals and keyboards for Scottish band Goodbye Mr. Mackenzie. Quickly she developed into a prominent member of the group and developed a formidable stage presence. Manson was approached by her band's record label with the idea of launching her as a solo artist, and recorded an album with her band under the Angelfish name. After seeing Manson in an Angelfish video broadcast only once on MTV's 120 Minutes, Garbage invited Manson to audition and record vocals on a couple of unfinished songs; she eventually co-wrote and co-produced an entire album with the band. The resulting self-titled debut, Garbage, was a critically acclaimed, worldwide hit, and was followed by four studio albums, including the multiple Grammy Award-nominated Version 2.0, and a greatest hits album. Garbage toured worldwide and sold 12 million records over ten years.

text: Manson's musical career began in her teens when she was approached to perform backing vocals and keyboards for Scottish band

text: Goodbye Mr. Mackenzie

text: . Quickly she developed into a prominent member of the group and developed a formidable stage presence. Manson was approached by her band's record label with the idea of launching her as a

text: solo artist

text: , and recorded an album with her band under the

text: Angelfish

text: name. After seeing Manson in an Angelfish

text: video

text: broadcast only once on

text: MTV

text: 's

text: 120 Minutes

text: , Garbage invited Manson to audition and record vocals on a couple of unfinished songs; she eventually co-wrote and co-produced an entire album with the band. The resulting self-titled debut,

text: Garbage

text: , was a critically acclaimed, worldwide hit, and was followed by four studio albums, including the multiple

text: Grammy Award

text: -nominated

text: Version 2.0

text: , and a

text: greatest hits album

text: . Garbage toured worldwide and sold 12 million records over ten years.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage invited Manson to audition and record vocals

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 12 million

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Manson's

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: ten years.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 12

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage

text: The spores of freshwater algae are dispersed mainly by running water and wind, as well as by living carriers. However, not all bodies of water can carry all species of algae, as the chemical composition of certain water bodies limits the algae that can survive within them. Marine spores are often spread by ocean currents. Ocean water presents many vastly different habitats based on temperature and nutrient availability, resulting in phytogeographic zones, regions, and provinces.

text: The spores of freshwater algae are dispersed mainly by running water and wind, as well as by living carriers. However, not all bodies of water can carry all species of algae, as the chemical composition of certain water bodies limits the algae that can survive within them. Marine spores are often spread by ocean currents. Ocean water presents many vastly different habitats based on temperature and nutrient availability, resulting in phytogeographic zones, regions, and provinces.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine spores

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: marine spores

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: freshwater algae

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: freshwater algae

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: algae

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Marine spores are often spread by ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean currents.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: ocean currents.

text: Much floating plastic trash does not biodegrade, instead disintegrating over time and eventually breaking down to the molecular level. Rigid plastics may float for years. In the center of the Pacific gyre, there is a permanent floating accumulation of mostly plastic waste and there is a similar garbage patch in the Atlantic. Foraging sea birds such as the albatross and petrel may mistake debris for food and accumulate indigestible plastic in their digestive systems. Turtles and whales have been found with plastic bags and fishing line in their stomachs. Microplastics may sink, threatening filter feeders on the seabed.

text: Much floating plastic trash does not

text: biodegrade

text: , instead disintegrating over time and eventually breaking down to the molecular level. Rigid plastics may float for years. In the center of the Pacific gyre, there is a permanent

text: floating accumulation

text: of mostly plastic waste and there is a similar

text: garbage patch

text: in the Atlantic. Foraging sea birds such as the

text: albatross

text: and

text: petrel

text: may mistake debris for food and accumulate indigestible plastic in their digestive systems. Turtles and whales have been found with

text: plastic bag

text: s and

text: fishing line

text: in their stomachs.

text: Microplastics

text: may sink, threatening filter feeders on the seabed.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: mostly plastic waste

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: In the center of the Pacific gyre

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Why are turtles and whales found with plastic bags and fishing line in their stomachs

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: much floating plastic trash does not biodegrade

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: plastic waste and there is a similar garbage patch in the Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: there is a permanent floating accumulation of mostly plastic waste

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Microplastics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: indigestible plastic in their digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: In the center of the Pacific gyre,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Atlantic.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: does not biodegrade,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic waste

text: The "land-fill method" of disposing of unburnable waste was developed in 1939 in the United Kingdom, but its first use in the United States was at the Fresh Kills, in what came to be known as a "landfill", where it was introduced by William Carey, New York City's Sanitation Commissioner. The landfill was structured like a layer cake, with a layer of garbage covered by a layer of ash – the remains of burnable trash from the city's incinerators – another layer of garbage, and then a layer of dirt to contain the smell. At the end of the landfill's usable life, new real estate would be created. The advantages appeared to outweigh any known drawbacks, so the city's sanitary code was revised to allow the landfill, specifying how deep the layers of garbage and dirt should or could be. The plan for Fresh Kills was initially opposed by Cornelius Hall when he was the city's public works commissioner, but when he became the Borough President of Staten Island, he backed the plan, saying:

text: The "land-fill method" of disposing of unburnable waste was developed in 1939 in the United Kingdom, but its first use in the United States was at the Fresh Kills, in what came to be known as a "landfill", where it was introduced by William Carey, New York City's Sanitation Commissioner. The landfill was structured like a layer cake, with a layer of garbage covered by a layer of ash – the remains of burnable trash from the city's incinerators – another layer of garbage, and then a layer of dirt to contain the smell. At the end of the landfill's usable life, new real estate would be created. The advantages appeared to outweigh any known drawbacks, so the city's sanitary code was revised to allow the landfill, specifying how deep the layers of garbage and dirt should or could be. The plan for Fresh Kills was initially opposed by Cornelius Hall when he was the city's public works commissioner, but when he became the Borough President of Staten Island, he backed the plan, saying:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unburnable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are a major problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unburnable waste

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ash

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: unburnable waste

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: ash

text: In 1933 there were various proposals to start commercial flights to Oslo. KLM investigated Kjeller as a possible site for the extension of their service to Copenhagen, but found that Kjeller Airport did not meet their standards. Thus by 1935 the runway had been expanded to . Although sowed with grass, the runway often could not withstand the landing forces of the aircraft. The airport owner was also concerned with floods and decided to elevate the runway by  by filling it up with garbage from Oslo. A trial was run with 5,000 tonnes and described as a success by the army, proposing that a spur from the Trunk Line be built to Kjeller for all of Oslo's  of garbage be disposed at the airport. However local residents complained about the stench and effectively halted the project.

text: In 1933 there were various proposals to start commercial flights to Oslo.

text: KLM

text: investigated Kjeller as a possible site for the extension of their service to

text: Copenhagen

text: , but found that Kjeller Airport did not meet their standards. Thus by 1935 the runway had been expanded to . Although sowed with grass, the runway often could not withstand the landing forces of the aircraft. The airport owner was also concerned with floods and decided to elevate the runway by  by filling it up with garbage from Oslo. A trial was run with 5,000 tonnes and described as a success by the army, proposing that a spur from the

text: Trunk Line

text: be built to Kjeller for all of Oslo's  of garbage be disposed at the airport. However local residents complained about the stench and effectively halted the project.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5,000 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Oslo's

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The airport owner was also concerned with floods

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5,000 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Oslo.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage from Oslo.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: stench

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage from Oslo.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 5,000 tonnes

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: floods

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage from Oslo.

text: An announcement is made to tell the city to throw away everything. The city quickly generates a second ball of garbage, which is fired at the first garbage ball. The rocket flies into the air and hits the other garbage ball, which first slingshots around planets, then sending it into the sun, while the new ball flies out of the solar system. For saving the city from the garbage ball, Professor Farnsworth is given the inventor's award, which was confiscated from Wernstrom as punishment for him being a jackass. Wernstrom comments "I will get you for this Farnsworth, even if it takes another 100 years!" The others quickly dismiss Leela's concerns that the new garbage ball will return and destroy a future generation. Professor Farnsworth replies that it will not be for hundreds of years, presumably by the year 4000, prompting Fry to say "That's the 20th Century spirit!" Over the closing credits, the song "We'll Meet Again" plays instead of the standard Futurama theme.

text: An announcement is made to tell the city to throw away everything. The city quickly generates a second ball of garbage, which is fired at the first garbage ball. The rocket flies into the air and hits the other garbage ball, which first slingshots around planets, then sending it into the sun, while the new ball flies out of the solar system. For saving the city from the garbage ball, Professor Farnsworth is given the inventor's award, which was confiscated from Wernstrom as punishment for him being a jackass. Wernstrom comments "I will get you for this Farnsworth, even if it takes another 100 years!" The others quickly dismiss

text: Leela

text: 's concerns that the new garbage ball will return and destroy a future generation. Professor Farnsworth replies that it will not be for hundreds of years, presumably by the year 4000, prompting Fry to say "That's the 20th Century spirit!" Over the closing credits, the song "

text: We'll Meet Again

text: " plays instead of the standard Futurama theme.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 100

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What is the problem with plastic in the ocean?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the name of Professor Farnsworth?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: slingshot around planets

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: second ball

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: presumably by the year 4000,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 4000,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: destroy a future generation.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage,

text: With normal goods, a two-party transaction results in the exchange of money for some object, as when money is exchanged for a car. With a bad, however, both money and the object in question go the same direction, as when a household gives up both money and garbage to a waste collector being compensated to take the garbage. In this way, garbage has a negative price; the waste collector is receiving both garbage and money and thus is paying a negative amount for the garbage.

text: With

text: normal good

text: s, a two-party transaction results in the exchange of money for some object, as when money is exchanged for a

text: car

text: . With a bad, however, both money and the object in question go the same direction, as when a household gives up both money and garbage to a

text: waste collector

text: being compensated to take the garbage. In this way, garbage has a negative price; the waste collector is receiving both garbage and money and thus is paying a negative amount for the garbage.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: has a negative price

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage has a negative price

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: money is exchanged for a car.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage has a negative price;

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: both money and the object in question go the same direction,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: With normal goods,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage has a negative price;

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: both money and the object in question go the same direction,

text: Organisms have been found to be more sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification in early, larval or planktonic stages. As ocean acidification does not exist in a vacuum, the multiple problems facing the Great Barrier Reef combine to further stress the organisms. Not only can ocean acidification affect habitat and development, but it can also affect how organisms view predators and conspecifics. Studies on the effects of ocean acidification have not been performed on long enough time scales to see if organisms can adapt to these conditions. However, ocean acidification is predicted to occur at a rate that evolution cannot match. Increasing temperature is also affecting the behavior and fitness of the common coral trout, a very important fish in sustaining the health of coral reefs.

text: Organisms have been found to be more sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification in early, larval or planktonic stages. As ocean acidification does not exist in a vacuum, the multiple problems facing the Great Barrier Reef combine to further stress the organisms. Not only can ocean acidification affect habitat and development, but it can also affect how organisms view predators and

text: conspecifics

text: . Studies on the effects of ocean acidification have not been performed on long enough time scales to see if organisms can adapt to these conditions. However, ocean acidification is predicted to occur at a rate that evolution cannot match. Increasing temperature is also affecting the behavior and fitness of the common coral trout, a very important fish in sustaining the health of coral reefs.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Acidification is predicted to occur at a rate that evolution cannot match

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ocean acidification in early, larval or planktonic stages.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: planktonic stages.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: acidification

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the multiple problems facing the Great Barrier Reef combine to further stress the organisms.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: evolution cannot match.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: ocean acidification in early, larval or planktonic stages.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: ocean acidification

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: planktonic stages.

text: The Mariner Mars 71 project consisted of two spacecraft (Mariners H and I), each of which would be inserted into a Martian orbit, and each of which would perform a separate but complementary mission. Either spacecraft could perform either of the two missions. The two spacecraft would have orbited the planet Mars a minimum of 90 days, during which time data would be gathered on the composition, density, pressure, and temperature of the atmosphere, and the composition, temperature, and topography of the surface. Approximately 70 percent of the planetary surface was to be covered, and temporal as well as spatial variations would be observed. Some of the objectives of the Mariner-H mission were successfully added to the Mariner-I (Mariner 9) mission profile.

text: The Mariner Mars 71 project consisted of two spacecraft (Mariners H and I), each of which would be inserted into a Martian orbit, and each of which would perform a separate but complementary mission. Either spacecraft could perform either of the two missions. The two spacecraft would have orbited the planet Mars a minimum of 90 days, during which time data would be gathered on the composition, density, pressure, and temperature of the atmosphere, and the composition, temperature, and topography of the surface. Approximately 70 percent of the planetary surface was to be covered, and temporal as well as spatial variations would be observed. Some of the objectives of the Mariner-H mission were successfully added to the Mariner-I (Mariner 9) mission profile.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: marine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: mariners H and I

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: mariners h and i

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 70 percent

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Mariner Mars 71

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Mariner Mars 71

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Mariner Mars 71

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 90 days,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Mariner Mars 71

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Mariner Mars 71

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Mariner Mars 71

text: The accumulated garbage that covers Kamilo Beach and an adjacent 2.8 miles (4.5 km) of shoreline consists of 90% plastic. Although some of the items comprising the trash are household products, the vast majority by weight are fishing related such as nets, rope, cones used to trap hagfish, spacers used in oyster farming, buoys, crates, and baskets. Much of the debris is made from plastic pellets, either pre-production nurdles or pellets created from larger plastic items breaking down into smaller pieces.

text: The accumulated garbage that covers Kamilo Beach and an adjacent 2.8 miles (4.5 km) of shoreline consists of 90% plastic. Although some of the items comprising the trash are household products, the vast majority by weight are

text: fishing

text: related such as nets, rope, cones used to trap

text: hagfish

text: , spacers used in

text: oyster farming

text: buoy

text: s, crates, and baskets. Much of the debris is made from plastic pellets, either pre-production

text: nurdle

text: s or pellets created from larger plastic items breaking down into smaller pieces.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 90%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 90% plastic

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic pellets

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: weight

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: 90% plastic.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: plastic pellets, either pre-production nurdles

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 90% plastic.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2.8 miles (4.5 km) of shoreline consists of 90% plastic.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: nets, rope, cones used to trap hagfish,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic pellets,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: plastic pellets,

text: The quality of a disease registry is based on the quality of data fed into it and all the processes involved in updating it and keeping its integrity. In every registry there is always a risk of "Garbage In, Garbage Out". Issues that can affect a registry and its acceptance by a physician group:

text: The quality of a disease registry is based on the quality of data fed into it and all the processes involved in updating it and keeping its integrity. In every registry there is always a risk of "

text: Garbage In, Garbage Out

text: ". Issues that can affect a registry and its acceptance by a physician group:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a major problem in the world

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Plastic bags

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "Garbage

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

text: Garbage Pail Kids is a series of trading cards produced by the Topps Company, originally released in 1985 and designed to parody the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls, which were immensely popular at the time.

text: Garbage Pail Kids is a series of

text: trading card

text: s produced by the

text: Topps Company

text: , originally released in 1985 and designed to

text: parody

text: the

text: Cabbage Patch Kids

text: dolls, which were immensely popular at the time.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1985

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids dolls,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Cabbage Patch Kids dolls,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Garbage Pail Kids

text: "The World Is Not Enough" is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film,  performed by the alternative rock group Garbage. The song was written by composer David Arnold (who also scored the film) and lyricist Don Black, previously responsible for four other Bond songs, and was produced by Garbage and Arnold. "The World Is Not Enough" was composed in the style of the series' title songs, in contrast with the post-modern production and genre-hopping of Garbage's first two albums. The group recorded most of "The World Is Not Enough" while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0, telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England. Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada. The lyrics reflect the film's plot (told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King), with themes of world domination and seduction.

text: "The World Is Not Enough" is the theme song from the

text: eponymous

text: James Bond

text: film,  performed by the

text: alternative rock

text: group

text: Garbage

text: . The song was written by composer

text: David Arnold

text: (who also scored the film) and lyricist

text: Don Black

text: , previously responsible for four other

text: Bond songs

text: , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold. "The World Is Not Enough" was composed in the style of

text: the series

text: ' title songs, in contrast with the

text: post-modern

text: production and

text: genre-hopping

text: of Garbage's first two albums. The group recorded most of "The World Is Not Enough" while

text: touring Europe

text: in support of their album

text: Version 2.0

text: , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England. Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at

text: Armoury Studios

text: in Canada. The lyrics reflect the film's plot (told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King), with themes of world domination and seduction.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Canada.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "The World Is Not Enough"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "The World Is Not Enough"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "The World Is Not Enough"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: "The World Is Not Enough"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: world domination and seduction.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: "The World Is Not Enough"

text: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

text: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be harmful to aquatic life

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: chemical toxicity

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical toxicity is too high

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: chemical toxicity:

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Factors that influence chemical toxicity:

text: The idea of a subsidy of materials or organisms across a patch boundary affecting resident populations has clear parallels with source-sink dynamics (Fagan et al. 1999). In this theory, local populations are connected by dispersal, and the extinction of local populations can be prevented through immigration from neighboring patches (Pulliam 1988). In source-sink dynamics, it is assumed that individuals from more productive patches will move to less productive patches with unsustainable populations (Pulliam 1988). Many examples of cross-boundary subsidies can be thought of as exhibiting source-sink dynamics. Rand et al. (2006) found that insects in a high productivity agricultural patch were able to sustain local populations in a lower productivity wildland patch through continued dispersal from the agricultural patch. The effect of these subsidies to local patches can also impact populations of other species in the recipient food web, because the subsidized population may compete with or prey upon other species more effectively than they would be able to without such an influx (Fagan et al. 1999).

text: The idea of a subsidy of materials or organisms across a patch boundary affecting resident populations has clear parallels with source-sink dynamics (Fagan et al. 1999). In this theory, local populations are connected by dispersal, and the extinction of local populations can be prevented through immigration from neighboring patches (Pulliam 1988). In source-sink dynamics, it is assumed that individuals from more productive patches will move to less productive patches with unsustainable populations (Pulliam 1988). Many examples of cross-boundary subsidies can be thought of as exhibiting source-sink dynamics. Rand et al. (2006) found that insects in a high productivity agricultural patch were able to sustain local populations in a lower productivity wildland patch through continued dispersal from the agricultural patch. The effect of these subsidies to local patches can also impact populations of other species in the recipient

text: food web

text: , because the subsidized population may compete with or prey upon other species more effectively than they would be able to without such an influx (Fagan et al. 1999).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: agricultural

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can impact populations of other species in the recipient food web

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: agricultural patch

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: agricultural patch

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: source-sink dynamics

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: compete with or prey upon other species more effectively

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: source-sink dynamics

text: In the colon, a field defect probably arises by natural selection of a mutant or epigenetically altered cell among the stem cells at the base of one of the intestinal crypts on the inside surface of the colon. A mutant or epigenetically altered stem cell may replace the other nearby stem cells by natural selection. Thus, a patch of abnormal tissue may arise.  The figure in this section includes a photo of a freshly resected and lengthwise-opened segment of the colon showing a colon cancer and four polyps. Below the photo there is a schematic diagram of how a large patch of mutant or epigenetically altered cells may have formed, shown by the large area in yellow in the diagram.  Within this first large patch in the diagram (a large clone of cells), a second such mutation or epigenetic alteration may occur so that a given stem cell acquires an advantage compared to other stem cells within the patch, and this altered stem cell may expand clonally forming a secondary patch, or sub-clone, within the original patch. This is indicated in the diagram by four smaller patches of different colors within the large yellow original area. Within these new patches (sub-clones), the process may be repeated multiple times, indicated by the still smaller patches within the four secondary patches (with still different colors in the diagram) which clonally expand, until stem cells arise that generate either small polyps or else a malignant neoplasm (cancer).

text: In the colon, a field defect probably arises by natural selection of a mutant or epigenetically altered cell among the stem cells at the base of one of the

text: intestinal crypts

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: In the colon,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: colon cancer

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: In the colon,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: colon cancer

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: colon cancer and four polyps.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: a mutant or epigenetically altered cell

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: epigenetically altered stem cell may replace the other nearby stem cells

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: (cancer).

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: intestinal crypts

text: Harriotta species can be found in the deep waters of continental slopes around 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. It is also known to be found in the Indian Ocean off of southern Australia. They are also common in the northern Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and southwest Pacific Oceans.

text: Harriotta species can be found in the deep waters of continental slopes around 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. It is also known to be found in the Indian Ocean off of southern Australia. They are also common in the northern Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and southwest Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be found

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 380 to 2,600 m

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Harriotta

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Harriotta

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 380 to 2,600 m deep in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

text: During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the monastery was damaged by Iraqi tank units, who trashed rooms and filled a cistern with garbage. One of its walls was destroyed after being hit by a T-72 tank turret. After the 101st Airborne Division took control of the area, the site lay within Forward Operating Base Marez. American soldiers vandalized the monastery by inscribing graffiti on the walls and by whitewashing the chapel, destroying its 600-year-old murals in the process. The structure was further damaged by looters. However, a military chaplain saw the importance of the site, and a commander ordered troops to vacate the monastery. Eventually, US military chaplains began taking care of the structure, and gave tours of the ruins to soldiers.

text: During the

text: 2003 invasion of Iraq

text: , the monastery was damaged by Iraqi tank units, who trashed rooms and filled a cistern with garbage. One of its walls was destroyed after being hit by a

text: tank turret. After the

text: 101st Airborne Division

text: took control of the area, the site lay within

text: Forward Operating Base Marez

text: . American soldiers vandalized the monastery by inscribing graffiti on the walls and by whitewashing the chapel, destroying its 600-year-old murals in the process. The structure was further damaged by looters. However, a

text: military chaplain

text: saw the importance of the site, and a commander ordered troops to vacate the monastery. Eventually, US military chaplains began taking care of the structure, and gave tours of the ruins to soldiers.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: marine debris

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: cistern

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: During the 2003 invasion of Iraq,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: trashed rooms and filled a cistern

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 600-year-old

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: During the 2003 invasion of Iraq,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage.

text: Another problem is garbage that has accumulated in the bay. Although 60.65 tons have recently been extracted from the bays of Acapulco and nearby Zihuatanejo, more needs to be done. Most of trash removal during the off seasons is done on the beaches and in the waters closest to them. However, the center of the bay is not touched. The reason trash winds up in the bay is that it is common here to throw it in streets, rivers and the bay itself. The most common items cleaned out of the bay are beer bottles and car tires.

text: Another problem is garbage that has accumulated in the bay. Although 60.65 tons have recently been extracted from the bays of Acapulco and nearby Zihuatanejo, more needs to be done. Most of trash removal during the off seasons is done on the beaches and in the waters closest to them. However, the center of the bay is not touched. The reason trash winds up in the bay is that it is common here to throw it in streets, rivers and the bay itself. The most common items cleaned out of the bay are beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 60.65

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beer bottles

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: are beer bottles and car tires

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous because

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 60.65 tons

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: the center of the bay is not touched.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 60.65

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: beer bottles and car tires.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The most common items cleaned out of the bay are beer bottles and car tires.

text: A toxic tort is a particular type of personal injury lawsuit in which the plaintiff claims that exposure to a chemical caused the plaintiff's injury or disease.

text: A toxic

text: tort

text: is a particular type of

text: personal injury

text: lawsuit in which the

text: plaintiff

text: claims that exposure to a chemical caused the plaintiff's injury or disease.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause toxic torts

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: exposure to it is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: chemical

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: A toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: A toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: A toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: A toxic tort

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: exposure to a chemical

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A toxic tort

text: The Allgemeine-SS maintained twenty four cavalry regiments which were organized in the same manner as the regular SS-Standarten but used a special collar patch, displaying crossed lances, as a unit insignia.  The Reiter-SS came to an effective end at the start of World War II, as most of its members transferred into the Waffen-SS as cavalry officers.  After this point, the Allgemeine-SS cavalry existed on paper only.  At the Nuremberg Trials, special mention was made that the General-SS cavalry was exempt from the classification as a "criminal organization" which had been applied to the rest of the SS.

text: The Allgemeine-SS maintained twenty four cavalry regiments which were organized in the same manner as the regular SS-Standarten but used a special collar patch, displaying crossed

text: lance

text: s, as a unit insignia.  The Reiter-SS came to an effective end at the start of World War II, as most of its members transferred into the Waffen-SS as cavalry officers.  After this point, the Allgemeine-SS cavalry existed on paper only.  At the

text: Nuremberg Trials

text: , special mention was made that the General-SS cavalry was exempt from the classification as a "criminal organization" which had been applied to the rest of the SS.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: crossed lances,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The Allgemeine-SS

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: crossed lances,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: World War II,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The Allgemeine-SS maintained twenty four cavalry regiments

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: crossed lances,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Allgemeine-SS

text: Chrysalis Records issued "Korean Bodega" as a single across Europe on April 26, 1999. The Garbage version (titled "Aero Mexicana remix") featured on the A-side to one CD single and on the cassette formats. A week later, "Korean Bodega" debuted as the band's second biggest hit at #15 on the UK Singles Chart. All of the press advertising for the release of "Korean Bodega" heavily mentioned Garbage's remix and the fact that Shirley Manson had contributed vocals to the new version. Synching both releases up, a database mail-out to Fun Lovin' Criminals fans was sent to promote "You Look So Fine", while a mail out for "Korean Bodega" was sent to Garbage fans. "Korean Bodega" spent three weeks on the UK charts.

text: Chrysalis Records

text: issued "Korean Bodega" as a single across

text: Europe

text: on April 26, 1999. The Garbage version (titled "Aero Mexicana remix") featured on the

text: A-side

text: to one

text: CD single

text: and on the

text: cassette

text: formats. A week later, "Korean Bodega" debuted as the band's second biggest hit at #15 on the

text: UK Singles Chart

text: . All of the press advertising for the release of "Korean Bodega" heavily mentioned Garbage's remix and the fact that Shirley Manson had contributed vocals to the new version. Synching both releases up, a

text: database

text: mail-out to Fun Lovin' Criminals fans was sent to promote "You Look So Fine", while a mail out for "Korean Bodega" was sent to Garbage fans. "Korean Bodega" spent three weeks on the UK charts.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1999.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: "Aero Mexicana

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1999.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 1999.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: The Garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 1999.

text: If the file is not identical to the version the diff was generated against, the patch will not be able to be applied cleanly.  For example, if lines of text are inserted at the beginning, the line numbers referred to in the patch will be incorrect.  patch is able to recover from this, by looking at nearby lines to relocate the text to be patched.  It will also recover when lines of context (for context and unified diffs) are altered; this is described as fuzz.

text: If the file is not identical to the version the diff was generated against, the patch will not be able to be applied cleanly.  For example, if lines of text are inserted at the beginning, the line numbers referred to in the patch will be incorrect.  patch is able to recover from this, by looking at nearby lines to relocate the text to be patched.  It will also recover when lines of context (for context and unified diffs) are altered; this is described as fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: context: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: context

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: context: the north pacific gyre is estimated to have a mass of 100 million tons

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: context: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unified diffs) are altered; this is described as fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: fuzz.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: fuzz.

text: The patch repair is commonly used in a repair shop. Some may not patch a worn tire if: the hole is close to a previous patch, there are already more than two patches, the puncture requires more than two patches, the punctures are too close, and/or the puncture is close to the sidewall. A patch is performed by removing the tire, marking the puncture, scouring the surface to create a smooth surface (inside of the tire), applying rubber cement, applying the patch, then pressing it into the surface with a small metal wheel attached to a handle. An alternative is a combination patch and plug. This is manufactured with a plug built into it; applying this patch is done similarly except with more steps, including drilling a hole at the puncture so the plug can be pulled through it, as well as cutting off the excess plug from the outside the tire.

text: The patch repair is commonly used in a repair shop. Some may not patch a worn tire if: the hole is close to a previous patch, there are already more than two patches, the puncture requires more than two patches, the punctures are too close, and/or the puncture is close to the sidewall. A patch is performed by removing the tire, marking the puncture, scouring the surface to create a smooth surface (inside of the tire), applying rubber cement, applying the patch, then pressing it into the surface with a small metal wheel attached to a handle. An alternative is a combination patch and plug. This is manufactured with a plug built into it; applying this patch is done similarly except with more steps, including drilling a hole at the puncture so the plug can be pulled through it, as well as cutting off the excess plug from the outside the tire.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 55%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-reusable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: patch repair is commonly used

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: two patches,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: tire

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Some may not patch a worn tire

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: rubber cement,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: rubber cement,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: combination patch and plug.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: combination patch and plug.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: combination patch and plug.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: combination patch and plug.

text: The Cascade Playground (now also known as Cascade Park), originally the playground of the now-demolished Cascade School, has two play areas, a wide field, a picnic table, and restrooms. The park is adjacent to an active community P-Patch (allotment garden). Improvements to the Cascade Playground play areas, field, and entrance were unveiled in spring 2005, financed by the Pro Parks Levy. Sharing a city block with the playground and P-Patch is the Cascade People's Center, a volunteer organization that partners with over 100 businesses, churches, organizations, and community groups to address advocacy for social and economic justice.

text: The Cascade Playground (now also known as Cascade Park), originally the playground of the now-demolished Cascade School, has two play areas, a wide field, a picnic table, and restrooms. The park is adjacent to an active community

text: P-Patch

text: (allotment garden). Improvements to the Cascade Playground play areas, field, and entrance were unveiled in spring 2005, financed by the Pro Parks Levy. Sharing a city block with the playground and P-Patch is the

text: Cascade People's Center

text: , a volunteer organization that partners with over 100 businesses, churches, organizations, and community groups to address advocacy for social and economic justice.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Cascade People's Center

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 2005, financed by the Pro Parks Levy.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Pro Parks Levy.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The Cascade Playground

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Pro Parks Levy.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Cascade Playground

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 2005, financed by the Pro Parks Levy.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 2005, financed by the Pro Parks Levy.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: social and economic justice.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The Cascade Playground

text: A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can be exposed to the substance by scavenging garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

text: A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including

text: chocolate solids

text: theobromine poisoning

text: ), onion and

text: garlic

text: thiosulphate

text: sulfoxide

text: or

text: disulfide

text: poisoning),

text: grape

text: s and

text: raisin

text: s,

text: macadamia nut

text: s,

text: xylitol

text: , as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can be exposed to the substance by scavenging garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to

text: theobromine poisoning

text: , typically from ingestion of

text: chocolate

text: . Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ashtrays

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be toxic to dogs

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: theobromine

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic can be toxic to dogs

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: ashtrays;

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: cigars and cigarettes.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: scavenging garbage or ashtrays;

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: xylitol,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: tobacco

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage or ashtrays;

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The nicotine in tobacco

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Dogs can be exposed to the substance by scavenging garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage or ashtrays;

text: A stream of garbage is carried via conveyor belt toward a garbage can in the middle of the screen, and the object of the game is to break down the garbage by strategically placing it into the can based on the items available before the can fills to overflowing. If three pieces of undamaged garbage fall out of the trash can, the game will end. Players may process garbage by setting fire to burnable items, some garbage will decompose when placed near the correct substances, and lighter or fragile objects (a television, for example) may be smashed by heavier ones (a bowling ball). The stream of garbage will continue to drop into the trash can until either the player successfully compacts a certain quantity of items or the trash can is filled to overflowing.

text: A stream of garbage is carried via conveyor belt toward a garbage can in the middle of the screen, and the object of the game is to break down the garbage by strategically placing it into the can based on the items available before the can fills to overflowing. If three pieces of undamaged garbage fall out of the trash can, the game will end. Players may process garbage by setting fire to burnable items, some garbage will decompose when placed near the correct substances, and lighter or fragile objects (a television, for example) may be smashed by heavier ones (a bowling ball). The stream of garbage will continue to drop into the trash can until either the player successfully compacts a certain quantity of items or the trash can is filled to overflowing.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be smashed by lighter objects

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: three pieces

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: burnable items,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage is carried via conveyor belt

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: A stream of garbage

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: A stream of garbage

text: Khaila Richards (Halle Berry) is a drug addict who is addicted to crack cocaine. The film starts with her breastfeeding her baby in an abandoned squat. As she lays the child down to leave, the other squatters tell her that she can't leave the baby there crying. Khaila takes the child outside and hides him in a box in the trash so she can go get high. She promises to come back, puts a board over the box, and leaves. The next morning, the trash is being collected and everything is thrown in the garbage truck, but at the last moment the workers see the baby lying in the box and the infant is taken to the hospital.

text: Khaila Richards (

text: Halle Berry

text: ) is a drug addict who is addicted to crack

text: cocaine

text: . The film starts with her breastfeeding her baby in an abandoned squat. As she lays the child down to leave, the other squatters tell her that she can't leave the baby there crying. Khaila takes the child outside and hides him in a box in the trash so she can go get high. She promises to come back, puts a board over the box, and leaves. The next morning, the trash is being collected and everything is thrown in the garbage truck, but at the last moment the workers see the baby lying in the box and the infant is taken to the hospital.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: zero

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Cocaine

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: What is the main topic of the film?

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What can ingested cause starvation?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: everything is thrown in the garbage truck,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: crack cocaine.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: crack cocaine.

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: crack cocaine.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: trash

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: the infant is taken to the hospital.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: trash

text: Eventually, Wilf, Flynne and Connor (the latter two in their peripherals) go to Daedra's party, which has become a celebration of Aelita's life. Flynne spots the man who killed Aelita, but Daedra and he kidnap them, revealing themselves to be behind the plot. The man who killed Aelita is revealed to be Hamed al-Habib, who had been "killed" by Daedra as a peripheral that day on the garbage patch, and had undergone surgery to revert himself to a more normal human form long ago. They also conspired with a city official named Sir Henry, who holds the position of Remembrancer, to try and turn the garbage patch into a resource to sell and profit on by themselves. Aelita was killed for reasons not entirely clear, most likely because Hamed and Daedra feared she was going to sell them out.

text: Eventually, Wilf, Flynne and Connor (the latter two in their peripherals) go to Daedra's party, which has become a celebration of Aelita's life. Flynne spots the man who killed Aelita, but Daedra and he kidnap them, revealing themselves to be behind the plot. The man who killed Aelita is revealed to be Hamed al-Habib, who had been "killed" by Daedra as a peripheral that day on the garbage patch, and had undergone surgery to revert himself to a more normal human form long ago. They also conspired with a city official named Sir Henry, who holds the position of

text: Remembrancer

text: , to try and turn the garbage patch into a resource to sell and profit on by themselves. Aelita was killed for reasons not entirely clear, most likely because Hamed and Daedra feared she was going to sell them out.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Hamed al-Habib

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: What is the man who killed Aelita?

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Hamed al-Habib

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles, confetti-like pieces

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: garbage patch,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: garbage patch,

text: The Magic Mountain Music Festival was favorably reviewed for safety in contemporary press accounts. Fights or disturbances were not an issue, and at the end of the day, trash was placed in or next to the garbage cans provided, and the crowd left the Mount Tamalpais as they found it. In a foreshadowing of dark events to come at the 1969 Altamont Free Concert, this festival was rumored to be the first to employ Hells Angels motorcycle club members as security guards. Although Jefferson Airplane asked Hells Angels members to escort them from San Francisco to the venue, which they did without incident, the Hells Angels did not actually provide security for the event.

text: The Magic Mountain Music Festival was favorably reviewed for safety in contemporary press accounts. Fights or disturbances were not an issue, and at the end of the day, trash was placed in or next to the garbage cans provided, and the crowd left the Mount Tamalpais as they found it. In a foreshadowing of dark events to come at the 1969

text: Altamont Free Concert

text: , this festival was rumored to be the first to employ

text: Hells Angels

text: motorcycle club members as security guards. Although Jefferson Airplane asked Hells Angels members to escort them from San Francisco to the venue, which they did without incident, the Hells Angels did not actually provide security for the event.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: garbage

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: garbage cans provided, and the crowd left the Mount Tamalpais

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Hells Angels

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: trash was placed in or next to the garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Hells Angels

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: the Hells Angels did not actually provide security for the event.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: trash was placed in or next to the garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: the Hells Angels

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: trash was placed in or next to the garbage cans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: the Hells Angels

text: DeHackEd is an editor created by Greg Lewis for the executable of the original Doom that allows the operation of the executable to be changed. Version 3.1, the last update of the program, was released on February 26, 1997. Hit points, sounds, frame sequences, text strings, and several other miscellaneous values can be changed. Modifications can be distributed in the form of DeHackEd "patches" which can be applied to the executable. At the time DeHackEd was released, Doom was a closed-source program, and thus to allow new features to be made available, the only choice was to patch the executable (as opposed to being able to change the source, which can now be done since id Software has made public a release of the sources).

text: DeHackEd is an editor created by Greg Lewis for the

text: executable

text: of the original

text: Doom

text: that allows the operation of the executable to be changed. Version 3.1, the last update of the program, was released on February 26, 1997. Hit points, sounds, frame sequences, text strings, and several other miscellaneous values can be changed. Modifications can be distributed in the form of DeHackEd "patches" which can be applied to the executable. At the time DeHackEd was released, Doom was a closed-source program, and thus to allow new features to be made available, the only choice was to patch the executable (as opposed to being able to change the source, which can now be done since id Software has made public a release of the sources).

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Doom

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 1997.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Doom

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: DeHackEd

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Doom

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: DeHackEd

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 1997.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: February 26, 1997.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: DeHackEd

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: DeHackEd

text: Agona-Akrofonso is one of only a few places in the old Ashanti Kingdom where Okomfo Anokye, the legendary Chief High Priest and advisor to the King of the Ashanti Nation, visited during the late 17th century, at the height of the Great Wars with the Denkyira people. According to legend, the People of Akrofonso relocated from the original settlement approx.  from Kumasi, to the current existing core of the town where there still exist historic buildings needing rehabilitation and preservation. The historic center of Akrofonso was planned in a grid fashion from the start, as has been documented in other cases from historical literature concerned with town planning and urbanization. Other town planning principles can be observed in Akrofonso, at large, including a waste-water collection system, public places of convenience, school buildings that double as community health centers, and protected lands.

text: Agona-Akrofonso is one of only a few places in the old Ashanti Kingdom where

text: Okomfo Anokye

text: , the legendary Chief High Priest and advisor to the King of the Ashanti Nation, visited during the late 17th century, at the height of the Great Wars with the Denkyira people. According to legend, the People of Akrofonso relocated from the original settlement approx.  from Kumasi, to the current existing core of the town where there still exist historic buildings needing rehabilitation and preservation. The historic center of Akrofonso was planned in a

text: grid fashion

text: from the start, as has been documented in other cases from historical literature concerned with town planning and urbanization. Other town planning principles can be observed in Akrofonso, at large, including a waste-water collection system, public places of convenience, school buildings that double as community health centers, and protected lands.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: urbanized

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Akrofonso, at large, including a waste-water collection system

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: None

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: waste-water

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Agona-Akrofonso

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: waste-water collection system,

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: waste-water collection system,

text: Kevin J. McManus (born November 3, 1978 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American attorney and politician from the state of Missouri.  He was elected the Missouri House of Representatives in 2010 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2014.  In 2015, he was elected to the City Council of Kansas City, Missouri, where he presently serves.

text: Kevin J. McManus (born November 3, 1978 in

text: Kansas City, Missouri

text: ) is an American attorney and politician from the state of

text: Missouri

text: .  He was elected the

text: Missouri House of Representatives

text: in 2010 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2014.  In 2015, he was elected to the City Council of Kansas City, Missouri, where he presently serves.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Missouri

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Kevin J. McManus

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is not biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Missouri.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Missouri)

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Kevin J. McManus

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Kevin J. McManus

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Missouri House of Representatives

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Kevin J. McManus

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Missouri House of Representatives in 2010

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Missouri House of Representatives in 2010

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Kevin J. McManus

text: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

text: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at

text: Slebech

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Slebech

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can be avoided if people recycle

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Hamilton

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Hamilton was buried beside his first wife at Slebech.

text: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the genetics of organisms. Taxonomic evolution occurs through small changes between populations and then species. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the taxonomy of organisms, with the growth of whole new clades above the species level. Morphological evolution occurs through small changes in the morphology of an organism. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the morphology of major clades. This can be clearly seen in the Cetacea, where throughout the group's early evolution, hindlimbs were still present. However over millions of years the hindlimbs regressed and became internal.

text: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the

text: genetics

text: of organisms. Taxonomic evolution occurs through small changes between populations and then species. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the

text: taxonomy

text: of organisms, with the growth of whole new clades above the species level. Morphological evolution occurs through small changes in the morphology of an organism. Over a long period of time, this can cause big effects on the

text: morphology

text: of major clades. This can be clearly seen in the

text: Cetacea

text: , where throughout the group's early evolution, hindlimbs were still present. However over millions of years the hindlimbs regressed and became internal.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: biodegradable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: can cause big effects on the genetics of organisms

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: morphological evolution

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Molecular evolution

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: millions

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.

text: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge" (the gamemaster).

text: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge" (the

text: gamemaster

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The Absolute Judge

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Gameplay is overseen by an "Absolute Judge"

text: Both keiyōshi and keiyōdōshi may predicate sentences. For example,

text: Both keiyōshi and keiyōdōshi may

text: predicate

text: sentences. For example,

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: keiy shi

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: keiy<unk>d<unk>shi

text: The Pacific Equatorial Forests is bound by the shores of the Pacific Ocean to the west and the peaks of the long and narrow Jama-Coaque Coastal Mountain Range, which stretches along the coast at an average distance of 10 km inland. The Pacific Equatorial Forest extends as far south as Cabo Posado, at 0 degrees and 22 minutes south of the equator, and as far north as Pedernales, at 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator. However, patches of the ecosystem can be found as far north as Punta Tortuga and Galera at 0 degrees and 46 minutes north of the equator.

text: The Pacific Equatorial Forests is bound by the shores of the

text: Pacific Ocean

text: to the west and the peaks of the long and narrow Jama-Coaque Coastal Mountain Range, which stretches along the coast at an average distance of 10 km inland. The Pacific Equatorial Forest extends as far south as Cabo Posado, at 0 degrees and 22 minutes south of the equator, and as far north as Pedernales, at 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator. However, patches of the ecosystem can be found as far north as Punta Tortuga and Galera at 0 degrees and 46 minutes north of the equator.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10 km

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 10 km

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Jama-Coaque Coastal Mountain Range,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Jama-Coaque Coastal Mountain Range,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Pacific Ocean

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: 0 degrees and 3 minutes north of the equator.

text: In particular, if all the sets

text: In particular, if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is toxic

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: if all

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: if all the sets

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: if all the sets

text: In 2012, Clemens starred in Camilla Dickinson, alongside Gregg Sulkin, Cary Elwes and Samantha Mathis. The drama was an adaptation of the 1951 novel of the same name by young adult fiction author Madeleine L'Engle. She portrayed teenager Heather Mason in Silent Hill: Revelation 3D. The horror film was based on the survival horror video game Silent Hill 3, and was a sequel to the film Silent Hill. That year, Clemens also played a lead role as the young suffragette Valentine Wannop in Parade's End, a television mini-series adaptation of the Ford Madox Ford tetralogy co-produced by HBO and BBC Two.

text: In 2012, Clemens starred in

text: Camilla Dickinson

text: , alongside

text: Gregg Sulkin

text: Cary Elwes

text: and

text: Samantha Mathis

text: . The drama was an adaptation of the 1951

text: novel of the same name

text: by

text: young adult fiction

text: author

text: Madeleine L'Engle

text: . She portrayed teenager

text: Heather Mason

text: in

text: Silent Hill: Revelation 3D

text: . The

text: horror film

text: was based on the

text: survival horror

text: video game

text: Silent Hill 3

text: , and was a sequel to the film

text: Silent Hill

text: . That year, Clemens also played a lead role as the young

text: suffragette

text: Valentine Wannop in

text: Parade's End

text: , a television mini-series adaptation of the

text: Ford Madox Ford

text: tetralogy

text: co-produced by

text: HBO

text: and

text: BBC Two

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Clemens played a lead role as the young suffragette Valentine Wannop in Parade's End

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans is hazardous

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Clemens starred in Camilla Dickinson,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Clemens starred in Camilla Dickinson,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Clemens starred in Camilla Dickinson,

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Ford Madox Ford

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Silent Hill: Revelation 3D.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Camilla Dickinson,

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Clemens starred in Camilla Dickinson,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Madeleine L'Engle.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Silent Hill: Revelation 3D.

text: While not IGRT per se, electromagnetic transponder systems seek to serve exactly the same clinical function as CBCT or kV X-ray, yet provide for a more temporally continuous analysis of setup error analogous to that of the optical tracking strategies. Hence, this technology (although entailing the use of no "images") is usually classified as an IGRT approach.

text: While not IGRT per se, electromagnetic transponder systems seek to serve exactly the same clinical function as CBCT or kV X-ray, yet provide for a more temporally continuous analysis of setup error analogous to that of the optical tracking strategies. Hence, this technology (although entailing the use of no "images") is usually classified as an IGRT approach.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: plastic in the ocean

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash is in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: kV X-ray,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: electromagnetic transponder systems

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: electromagnetic transponder systems

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: kV X-ray,

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: electromagnetic transponder systems

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: electromagnetic transponder systems

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: kV X-ray,

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: IGRT

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: CBCT or kV X-ray,

text: Ząbki may refer to the following places:

text: Ząbki may refer to the following places:

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Z bki

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: plastics

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: sea ice

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic is a nonrenewable resource

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: gyre

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Z<unk>bki

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Z<unk>bki

text: Mutations can have many different effects upon an organism. It is generally believed that the majority of non-neutral mutations are deleterious, which means that they will cause a decrease in the organism's overall fitness. If a mutation has a deleterious effect, it will then usually be removed from the population by the process of natural selection. Sexual reproduction is believed to be more efficient than asexual reproduction in removing those mutations from the genome.

text: Mutation

text: s can have many different effects upon an organism. It is generally believed that the majority of non-neutral mutations are deleterious, which means that they will cause a decrease in the organism's overall fitness. If a mutation has a deleterious effect, it will then usually be removed from the population by the process of

text: natural selection

text: . Sexual reproduction is believed to be more efficient than asexual reproduction in removing those mutations from the genome.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: non-neutral

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: decrease in the organism's overall fitness

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: decrease in the organism's overall fitness

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: majority of non-neutral mutations are deleterious,

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: deleterious,

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mutations

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Mutations

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Mutations

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Sexual reproduction is believed to be more efficient than asexual reproduction

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Sexual reproduction is believed to be more efficient than asexual reproduction

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: they will cause a decrease in the organism's overall fitness.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Mutations can have many different effects upon an organism.

text: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

text: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes

text: patch

text: es to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: recycled

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: is a problem

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: it is harmful to the environment

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: Mark

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: Mark

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: Mark Shuttleworth has confirmed that Google contributes patches to Ubuntu.

text: The international Coastal Cleanup (ICC) is an event that lets the public to remove trash and debris from beaches and waterways, and also record the types of debris found. It was found by The Ocean Conservancy in 1986. The data are then complied and analyse by The Ocean Conservancy to identify the major sources of debris and also activities that contribute to it. The main aim is to let the public to understand the problem and find out a long-lasting solution. It is an important event as it serves as an opportunity to teach students and the public about social and environmental responsibilities.

text: The international Coastal Cleanup (ICC) is an event that lets the public to remove trash and debris from beaches and waterways, and also record the types of debris found. It was found by

text: The Ocean Conservancy

text: in 1986. The data are then complied and analyse by

text: The Ocean Conservancy

text: to identify the major sources of debris and also activities that contribute to it. The main aim is to let the public to understand the problem and find out a long-lasting solution. It is an important event as it serves as an opportunity to teach students and the public about social and environmental responsibilities.

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: plastic

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup (ICC)

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: phthalates

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: plastic trash in the oceans

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: particles

answers: NDQ_005441

answers: beaches

answers: NDQ_005442

answers: Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005444

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005445

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005446

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005447

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005448

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup

answers: NDQ_005449

answers: social and environmental responsibilities.

answers: NDQ_005450

answers: The international Coastal Cleanup